Product version
Mathias Brochhausen
Bingjian Yang
Desikan Jagannathan
Jiangan "Hardy" Xie
Meiu Wong
Qiuyue Yang
Shelley Zhang
The Ontology of Adverse Eventsy (OAE) is a biomedical ontology in the domain of adverse events. OAE aims to standardize adverse event annotation, integrate various adverse event data, and support computer-assisted reasoning. OAE is a community-based ontology. Its development follows the OBO Foundry principles. Vaccine adverse events have been used as an initial testing use case. OAE also studies adverse events associated with the administration of drug and nutritional products, the operation of surgeries, and the usage of medical devices, etc.
OWL-DL
An ontology for the annotation of the adverse event domain.
OAE: Ontology of Adverse Events
Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
Really of interest to developers only
BFO OWL specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
BFO CLIF specification label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
example
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
example of usage
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
term editor
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
alternative term
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
definition source
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
curator note
An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
expand expression to
expand assertion to
elucidation
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Barry Smith
Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms
has associated axiom(nl)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language
has associated axiom(fol)
An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax
a chinese translation represents a chinese translation of the existing term.
Chinese translation
The AE 'cough AE' has the 'label of AE outcome' of 'cough'; 'infection AE' has the 'label of AE outcom' of 'infection'.
an annotation property that represents the label of an adverse event
adverse event outcome
has_MedDRA_id
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
temporal interpretation
tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
Chris Mungall
An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon.
taxonomic class assertion
S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T.
this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost
S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S
An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL.
logical macro assertion
A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class
The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL
logical macro assertion on a class
A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property
logical macro assertion on a property
logical macro assertion on an object property
logical macro assertion on an annotation property
relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y
If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q'
An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class.
This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology.
Notes on the homology status of this class.
An alternate comment for a class taken unmodified from an external source. Note that obo format only allows a single comment for a class, and does not provide a structured means of adding provenance info.
Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'.
Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species.
Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class.
Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class.
Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class.
Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies.
Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy.
A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates)
x pharyngeal_arch_number N if and only if (i) x is a pharyngeal arch, and (ii) x is ancestrally pharyngeal arch number N in a series of pharyngeal arches repeated along a antero-posterior axis, with arch_number 1 being the mandibular arch.
gill arch N = PA N-2. the term branchial_arch is ambiguous.
x phalanx_number N if and only if (i) x is a phalanx, and (ii) x is phalanx number N in a series of phalanges repeated along an prixomo-distal axis, with phalanx_number 1 being the proximalmost phalanx. Note that in humans, the distalmost phalanx has phlanax_number 3, except in ray_number 1, where the distalmost has phalanx_number 2
Most land mammals including humans have a 2-3-3-3-3 formula in both the hands (or paws) and feet. Primitive reptiles typically had the formula 2-3-4-4-5, and this pattern, with some modification, remained in many later reptiles and in the mammal-like reptiles. The phalangeal formula in the flippers of cetaceans (marine mammals) is 2-12-8-1
FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term
A class that represents an early developmental structure, like a blastocyst. This part of the ontology is undergoing review to remove inappropriate grouping classes.
derived from the union of EHDAA2 and EMAPA - still to be checked
Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes
A grouping class that depends on an assumption of homology between subclasses
classes that have some inconsistency with FMA
somewhat fuzzy grouping for analysis purposes, currently composed of something like: liver, heart, skeletal, kidney, bladder, brain, skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, trachea nose, lungs, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads
abstract class brought in to group ontology classes but not informative
organs, excluding individual muscles and skeletal elements
Uberon slim - subset that excludes obscure terms and deep compositional terms
abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis
core classes typically found across vertebrates. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new vertebrate AO
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content.
An account of the content of the resource.
Description
The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system.
A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived.
Source
label
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
part_of
part of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
has_part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
preceded by
X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
is preceded by
preceded_by
precedes
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
site of
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer
x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal).
x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y.
x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly).
Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines.
Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer.
X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion.
X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion.
X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion.
X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion.
X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion.
X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion.
X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure
X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y
X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y
a preceded_by relation that indicates that one process (e.g., an adverse event) is causally preceded by (induced by) another process (e.g., a medical intervention) and there is a causal relation between these two processes. This relation indicates the existence of a causal chain, meaning many processes may occur in between these two processes.
the relation indicates that one process (e.g., a medical intervention) induces another process (e.g., an adverse event) and there is a causal relation between these two processes. This relation indicates the existence of a causal chain, meaning many processes may occur in between these two processes. This is an inverse relation of the term "induced_by".
This is a tentative relation. We need to get this role from another ontology later. Oliver -- BFO 2.0 has this role 'is role of':: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000081 Once we get BFO 2.0, we can replace with this role. Oliver
role_of
An electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE is_evidence_of arrhythmia AE; arrhythmia AE is_evidence_of cardiomyopathy AE; fever AE is_evidence_of inflammation AE; fever AE is_evidence_of viral infection AE; plural effusion AE is_evidence_of cardiac disorder AE.
AE1 is_evidence_of AE2 if and only if: given an adverse event instance ae1 that instantiates class AE1 (e.g., electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE) and another adverse event instance ae2 that instantiates class AE2 (e.g., arrhythmia AE), both ae1 and ae2 are adverse events that are clinically observed after a medical intervention (at time t0) on the same patient. The presence of ae1 is supported by priori knowledge of medicine to imply the presence of ae2 with some probability P (P is NOT always 1, thus transitivity does not apply to is_evidence_of relation. AE1 is_evidence_of AE2 and AE2 is_evidence_of AE3 DOES NOT imply AE1 is_evidence_of AE3). The instance ae1 and ae2 are observed or detected at time t1 and t2, respectively. The biological onset time for ae1 or ae2 may occur before t1 or t2. The t1 and t2 can be the same time point or different time points.
This represents a relation between two adverse events AE1 and AE2. However, AE1 may be an evidence of another adverse event AE3, and a dfferent adverse event AE4 may also be an evidence of the same AE2.
is evidence of
An adverse event has a participant quality, such as a hyperkalemia AE has a participatn quality blood potassium increased.
an object property that represents a relation between a process and a quality, in which the process has a participant that has the quality.
This is a shortcut relation of the following full version: 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' ) in: process 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' some quality)
has participant quality
a 'occurs in' relation that is applied at the adverse event setting and indicates where an adverse event occurs in.
AE occurs in
A shortcut relation that represents the full path of ‘has participant’ some participant that ‘participates in’ some process.
has participant undergoing
a specific 'preceded by' object property that has a domain of an adverse event.
adverse event preceded by
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane.
Primitive instance level timing relation between events
before or simultaneous with
Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries.
t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2)
simultaneous with
X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)
ends after
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251].
immediately preceded by
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))
starts during
X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))
happens during
X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y).
ends during
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
overlaps
Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship.
Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship.
this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect)
relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood.
x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y
x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporally related to
Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with.
Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
starts with
Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with.
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
ends with
t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T.
sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F)
example of usage: every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062); an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists.
results in formation of
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships
mereotopologically related to
we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve
x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y
has potential to developmentally contribute to
x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y
Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s.
Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p.
Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely.
Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p.
A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision.
x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y.
x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x.
x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y.
X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides.
x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y.
x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y.
placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B
A data property that indicates that a material entity has a particular size.
has size
A ulcer has a diameter in cm some specific decimal length
A 'has size' object property that indicates a material entity of round shape has a diameter of a particular length with the cm (centimeter) unit.
has diameter in cm
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
occurrent
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
independent continuant
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
temporal region
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
process
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
disposition
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
realizable entity
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
quality
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
specifically dependent continuant
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
role
a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
a symphony orchestra
an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
the aggregate of blood cells in your body
the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
the restaurants in Palo Alto
your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
object aggregate
Manhattan Canyon)
a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
a rabbit hole
an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
the Grand Canyon
the Piazza San Marco
the cockpit of an aircraft
the hold of a ship
the interior of a kangaroo pouch
the interior of the trunk of your car
the interior of your bedroom
the interior of your office
the interior of your refrigerator
the lumen of your gut
your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
site
atom
cell
cells and organisms
engineered artifacts
grain of sand
molecule
organelle
organism
planet
solid portions of matter
star
BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
object
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
function
the temporal region during which a process occurs.
BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
one-dimensional temporal region
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
material entity
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another.
b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
relational quality
a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
right now
the moment at which a child is born
the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
the moment of death.
temporal instant.
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
zero-dimensional temporal region
A nervous system disease that is located_in nerves or nerve cells.
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as "apoptotic bodies"); and/or (3) its corpse (or its fragments) have been engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo.
This term should not be used for direct annotation. The only exception should be when experimental data (e.g., staining with trypan blue or propidium iodide) show that cell death has occurred, but fail to provide details on death modality (accidental versus programmed). When information is provided on the cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Also, if experimental data suggest that a gene product influences cell death indirectly, rather than being involved in the death process directly, consider annotating to a 'regulation' term.
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
A permanent cessation of all vital functions: the end of life; can be applied to a whole organism or to a part of an organism.
See also the biological process term 'apoptosis ; GO:0006915'.
A biological process that involves only one organism.
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism.
A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues.
Note that the word necrosis has been widely used in earlier literature to describe forms of cell death which are now known by more precise terms, such as apoptosis. Necrosis can occur in a regulated fashion, involving a precise sequence of signals; in this case, consider annotating to GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or to its more specific child GO:0070266 'necroptotic process'.
data item
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
data
information content entity
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
textual entity
Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.
MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
text
hypothesis textual entity
that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660
A textual entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested.
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
a pathological bodily process that occurs after a medical intervention. An adverse event is likely caused by the medical intervention; however, such a causal association is not required to be an adverse event.
Melanie Courtot and YH: More work is needed on how to restrict the scope of a term to be an 'adverse event', notably regarding temporal association. When is an appropirate time interval between a medical intervention and an adverse event observed? One week, one month, one year, or a lifetime? For some well-studied medical interventions (e.g., administration of many vaccines or drugs), we probably have a general idea. For many new interventions, we don't know much. In OAE, this issue is associated with defining the 'adverse event incubation time'.
YH: An adverse event is a process that has specified output of some adverse medical outcome (e.g., symptom, sign or accident) after a medical intervention (or process) (e.g., administration of drug or vaccine). The medical intervention can be an administration of a drug, a vaccine (i.e., vaccination), or a special nutritional product (for example, dietary supplement, infant formula, medical food), surgery, or usage of a medical device.
YH: An adverse event is possibly induced by the medical intervention. It can be caused by the medical intervention, or may not be caused by the medical intervention. One ultimate goal (or the goal in clinics) of study adverse events is to assess if the adverse event outcome is due to the medical intervention.
YH: In development of OAE, we initially use vaccine adverse event as our use case. A vaccine adverse event is associated with a vaccination (i.e. a medical intervention), regardless of whether it is considered vaccine-related, and includes any side effect, injury, toxicity, or sensitivity reaction or significant failure of immunization (i.e., a pharmacologic action). Ref: Baylor NW and Midthum K. Regulation and testing of vaccines. In: Vaccines (Editors: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, and Offit P). 2008. p1623.
YH: The current term 'adverse event' is different from the term definition shown in our paper: He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper. We made the name changing in order to make OAE cover the broader sense of the 'adverse event' which does not assume definite causal effect between an adverse event and a medical intervention. In current definition, the adverse event emphasizes the time association and assumes a likelihood of such a causal association. This term 'adverse event' is stil under the OGMS:pathological bodily process. The 'adverse event' defined in the above paper has now been changed to a new term: 'causal adverse event'. See more information in the new publication: Yongqun He Y, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Yu Lin, Zuoshuang Xiang, Abra Guo, Shelley Zhang, Desikan Jagannathan, Luca Toldo, Cui Tao and Barry Smith. OAE: The Ontology of Adverse Events. Journal of Biomedical Semantics. 2014, 5:29 doi:10.1186/2041-1480-5-29. PMID: 25093068.PMCID: PMC4120740.
YH: The main scope of OAE includes: (1) represent terms and relations in the area of adverse events, (2) assess possible associations between an adverse event and a medical intervention, particularly, identify any causal effect of a medical intervention to an adverse event; and (2) understand the mechanism (including molecular mechanisms) of causal adverse events.
YH: There has been discussion regarding whether the term 'side effect' is an alternative term for 'adverse event'. In AERO, the term 'AERO:adverse event' represents a subset of those adverse events for which causality has been established. In OAE, an adverse event for which causality has been established is called 'causal adverse event'.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_event
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093068
The OAE official website is: http://www.oae-ontology.org/.
medical intervention is a planned process that has the goal of diagnosing, preventing or relieving illness or injury.
The act of intervening, interfering or interceding with the intent of modifying the outcome. In medicine, an intervention is usually undertaken to help treat or cure a condition. For example, "Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States," Reference: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=34214 . Some interventions can be used for diagnosis.
WEB: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_medical_intervention
an adverse event which is a causal adverse event, a pathological bodily process that is induced by a medical intervention.
YH: The term 'causal adverse event' has the same meaning as we previously defined as 'adverse event'. Reference: He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper. We made the name changing as a way to make OAE cover the broader sense of the 'adverse event' which does not assume definite causal effect between an adverse event and a medical intervention.
He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper.
YH: the term "adverse effect" has the same meaning of "causal adverse event".
an adverse event that occurs after a vaccination.
an adverse event that occurs after a drug administration
an adverse event that is associated with the usage of a medical device.
This term is obsolete due to another term that has the same meaning.
an adverse event that is associated with eating a medical food.
an adverse event that is induced by consuming a nutritional product.
an adverse event that is associated with consuming a dietary supplement.
an adverse event that is associated with consuming an infant formula.
a medical intervention where a patient is administered with a drug
a medical intervention that uses a medical device
medical device usage for medical intervention
a medical intervention that uses a nutritional product
a nutritional product usage that consumes a dietary supplement
a nutritional product usage that consumes infant formula
a nutritional product usage that consumes medial food
an imaging investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal X-ray
an X-ray result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormality in chest X-ray test
a haematoma AE that has an outcome of contusion.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise
Contusion is a type of relatively minor hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of dry throat, which is a sensation of dryness in the throat.
a skin discoloration AE which has an outcome of flushing, a sudden reddening of the face, neck, or upper chest
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003241.htm
a pain AE where the pain reachs an extreme level.
a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of postnasal drip, which occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal Mucosa. The excess mucus accumulates in the throat or back of the nose.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-nasal_drip
a syndrome AE that is subclassified as five defined entities which represent clinical circumstances in which both the heart and the kidney are involved in a bidirectional injury and dysfunction via a final common pathway of cell-to-cell death and accelerated apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress. Types 1 and 2 involve acute and chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) scenarios leading to acute kidney injury or accelerated chronic kidney disease. Types 2 and 3 describe acute and chronic kidney disease leading primarily to heart failure, although it is possible that acute coronary syndromes, stroke, and arrhythmias could be CVD outcomes in these forms of CRS. Finally, CRS type 5 describes a simultaneous insult to both heart and kidneys, such as sepsis, where both organs are injured simultaneously.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030731/
cardiorenal syndrome AE
A bursal disorder AE that has an outcome of the symptom of bursitis.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001456/
an adverse event that has an outcome of abnormal sign in a musculoskeletal or connective tissue.
musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder AE
WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/msd/
A musculoskeletal disorder is an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, or supporting structures of the upper or lower limbs, neck, or lower back that are caused, precipitated, or exacerbated by sudden exertion or prolonged exposure to physical factors such as repetition, force, vibration, or awkward posture
A statistical test can be used to accept or reject the hypothesis.
a hypothesis about the causal relation between an adverse event and a medical intervention. This term can be used to hypothesize and evaluate the relation between a medical intervention (e.g., drug, vaccination) and case reports from an adverse event reporting system (e.g., VAERS).
a musculoskeletal system AE which has an outcome of bursal disorder
a vaccine adverse event that is induced by an influenza vaccine.
YH: This term is just used as an example of vaccine induced adverse events. Specific vaccine-associated and vaccine-induced adverse events are now represented with the Ontology of Vaccine Adverse Events (OVAE).: http://www.violinet.org/ovae/.
an influenza vaccine adverse event that is induced by a killed influenza vaccine (KIV).
There is little evidence to support a causal association between GBS and most vaccines. The evidence for a causal association is strongest for the swine influenza vaccine that was used in 1976-77. Studies of influenza vaccines used in subsequent years, however, have found small or no increased risk of GBS. Reference: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=19388722.
KIV-induced GBS averse event in 1976-1977
a muscle pain AE that is induced by Afluria influenza vaccine administration
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM220730.pdf
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of fatigue, which is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions, usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness, though varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities.
lethargy is sometimes reported as an extreme fatigue: http://the-difference-between.com/lethargy/fatigue they are sometimes regarded as synonyms: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003088.htm
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_%28medical%29
CTCAE: E11098 (fatigue); CTCAE: E12709 (lethargy)
a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of CSF culture negative. The negative result means no bacteria, viruses, or fungi grew in the laboratory dish.
YH: The negative result is normal. It is not an AE.
a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal result in a blood cell lab test
an eosinophil percentage abnormal AE that has an outcome of increased eosinophil percentage
a cardiac disorder AE that is characterized by a necrosis of the myocardium caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68009203
a neutrophil count abnormal AE that has an outcome of increased neutrophil count
an adverse event that shows a complication that occurs after a medical procedure such as a surgery.
an adverse event that has an outcome of injury after a medical intervention.
an injury AE which has an outcome of head injury
a behavior and neurological AE that has an abnormal outcome in social behavior
a social behavior AE that has an outcome of impaired work ability
an allergy AE which has an outcome of injection-site allergic reaction
a myelitis AE which has an outcome of myelitis transverse. Transverse myelitis (in Latin nomenclature: myelitis transversa) is a neurological disorder caused by an inflammatory process of the spinal cord, and can cause axonal demyelination.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis
a skin adverse even that has an outcome of warm skin
Nystagmus AE is an eye AE that is a condition of involuntary eye movement, acquired in infancy or later in life, that may result in reduced or limited vision. Due to the involuntary movement of the eye, it is often called "dancing eyes".
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus
a dermatitis AE that has an outcome of dermatitis bullous
Bullous pemphigoid is a skin disorder characterized by large blisters.
a skin adverse event that is characterized by an uncomfortable and temporary sensation of intense body warmth, flushing, sometimes accompanied by sweating upon cooling.
a KIV-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced adverse event
an adverse event that results in the outcome of a tumor.
a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/wheezing/basics/definition/sym-20050764
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of weight bearing difficulty
weight bearing difficulty is a behavior AE that results in difficulty in managing the amount of weight a patient puts on the leg on which surgery has been performed. In general, it is described as a percentage of the body weight, because each leg of a healthy person carries the full body weight when walking, in an alternating fashion.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight-bearing
A contraindication is a disposition that increases the risk of harm involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure, or engaging in a particular activity such that the risk of harm exceeds a threshold. An contraindication serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment.
Yongqun He, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Mathias Brochhausen, William Hogan, ‎Philip E. Empey
a drug administration that uses incorrect drug dose
an Afluria-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced fever in child
an Afluria-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced cough in child
an Afluria-induced adverse event which has an outcome of Afluria-induced injection site pain
an Afluria-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced injection site redness
Afluria-induced injection site redness AE
an Afluria-induced AE that has an outcome of Afluria-induced inject site swelling
an Afluria-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced headache
an adverse event that occurs systematically throughout the systemic circulation. This is different from local adverse event that is limited or a certain location.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction
A pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal AE that displays a disorder associated with pregnancy.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_pregnancy
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_diagnosis
a temporal interval that starts at the time a medical intervention occurs and ends at the time an adverse event outcome appears. This is the time = 'time instant of an adverse event outcome observed' - 'time instant of medical intervention'.
a procedure complication AE that occurs after a surgery.
The key difference between a surgery and a procedure is the need for an incision. Making an incision, or cutting into the skin to gain access to the body’s deeper tissues or organs, is a defining characteristic of surgery. Technically speaking, a surgery is a specific type of procedure. A procedure is a broad general term that refers to any series of pre-defined steps that should be followed to achieve a desired result. Therefore, a “surgical procedure” is synonymous with a “surgery.” See more: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-difference-between-a-surgery-and-a-procedure.htm.
Surgery is a medical procedure that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance. The key difference between a surgery and a general procedure is the need for an incision. Making an incision, or cutting into the skin to gain access to the body’s deeper tissues or organs, is a defining characteristic of surgery.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery
WEB: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-difference-between-a-surgery-and-a-procedure.htm
a sugery adverse event that has an outcome of pressure ulcer.
an adverse event which occurs in a metabolism process (including anabolism and catabolism), endocrine system, or exocrine system.
metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE
metabolism, endocrine or exocrine system AE
an adverse event that occurs in clinical trial.
a termporal instant that is the time when a medical intervention occurs.
a temporal instant that is the time when an outcome of an adverse event (e.g., fever) is observed.
time instant of an adverse event outcome observed
an influenza vaccine adverse event that is induced by a live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV).
an LAIV-induced adverse event that is caused by the FluMist LAIV.
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM123743.pdf
a FluMist-induced adverse event that has an outcome of FluMist-induced runny nose
a FluMist-induced AE that has an outcome of FluMist-induced nasal congestion
a planned process that is specifically a test conducted in a clinical laboratory.
WEB: http://labmed.ascpjournals.org/content/40/2/105.full
clinical laboratory test
A FluMist-induced AE that has an outcome of sore throat
a tumore AE that results in the outcome of a benign tumor.
a tumore AE that results in the outcome of a malignant tumor.
a sensory capability AE that resuls in an uncomfortable feeling.
a reproductive system AE that occurs on the female side.
a reproductive system AE that occurs on the male side.
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has a cardiac disorder outcome.
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heart+disease Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091623
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has a vascular disorder outcome
a skin adverse event that results in an inflammation of skin
a drug adverse event that is induced by aspirin.
WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm
an aspirin-induced adverse event that is induced by the aspirin drug Aspidrox.
an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of nausea
an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of vomiting
an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of stomach pain
an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of heartburn
an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of rash symptom.
a medical intervention that is used for therapeutic purpose
a drug adverse event that is caused by a drug adiministration. Here a causal effect is established between the drug administration and the adverse event.
a medical device adverse event that is induced or caused by a medical device. There is a causal relation between the adverse event and the usage of a medical device.
an adverse event that is induced by a vaccination.
a surgery adverse event that is caused by a surgery.
a nutritional product adverse event that has a causal assocition with the usage of the nutritional product.
nutritional product-induced adverse event
influenza like illness AE is an adverse event that has an outcome of a medical diagnosis of possible influenza or other illness causing a set of common symptoms
acute respiratory infection, ARI, flu-like syndrome
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza-like_illness
a prediction process that allows prediction of a causal adverse event induced by a medical intervention.
a prediction of causal adverse event that is induced by a vaccination.
prediction of causal vaccine adverse event
a pathogen infection adverse event that has an outcome of a fungal infection.
a prediction of causal adverse event that is induced by a drug administration.
a prediction of causal adverse event that is induced by a usage of a medical device.
prediction of causal medical device adverse event
a prediction of causal adverse event that is induced by a surgery operation.
prediction of causal surgery adverse event
a planned process that leads to the identification of a causal relation between an existing adverse event and a medical intervention.
an identification of causal adverse event that is induced by a vaccination.
determination of causal vaccine adverse event
an identification of causal adverse event that is induced by a drug administration.
determination of causal drug adverse event
an identification of causal adverse event that is induced by a surgery.
determination of causal surgery adverse event
an identification of causal adverse event that is induced by a usage of a medical device.
determination of causal medical device adverse event
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is a determinant factor for the outcome of a causal adverse event.
intrinsic factor of causal adverse event
an extrinsic factor of adverse event that is a determinant factor for the outcome of a causal adverse event.
extrinsic factor of causal adverse event
a role that is extrinsic to a patient and is associated with an adverse event. No causal effect between this factor and the adverse event is assumed. Examples include environment, diet, smoking, alcohol use, herbal product, drug-drug interaction.
a role that is intrinsic to a patient and is associated with an adverse event. No causal effect between this factor and the adverse event is assumed. Examples include: age, race, organ dysfunction, disease, pregrancy, lactation, gender, and genetics.
an extrinsic factor of adverse event that is from environment.
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the age of a patient.
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the race of a patient.
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the gender of a patient.
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the organ dysfunction of a patient.
organ dysfunction factor of adverse event
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is a disease of a patient.
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the pregrancy of a patient.
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the lactation of a patient.
an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the genetics of a patient.
a planned process that reports an adverse event.
an adverse event reporting that is to report a vaccine adverse event.
an adverse event reporting that is to report a drug adverse event.
a quality that represents the level of causality between a medical intervention and an adverse event outcome.
a causality level of AE that is definite.
a causality level of AE that is probable.
a causality level of AE that is doubtful.
a causality level of AE that is possible.
Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 20.
an adverse event reporting that is to report a medical device adverse event.
an adverse event reporting that is to report a surgery adverse event.
an identification of causal drug adverse event that is based on the Naranjo criteria.
S.R. Ahmed. Adverse drug event monitoring at the Food and Drug Administration. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 18 (2003) 57-60.
determination of causal drug adverse event by Naranjo criteria
an identification of causal drug adverse event that is based on the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS). The DIPS uses a series of questions relating to the potential drug interaction to estimate a probability score. As a comparison, the Naranjo scale has proved to be useful for assessing the causality of adverse events, particularly for single-drug adverse drug reactions. DIPS involves in two drugs: the drug that is affected (object drug) and the drug that causes the change to the object drug (precipitant drug).
J. R. Horn, P. D. Hansten, and L Chan. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. The Annals of Pharmocotherapy. 2007 April, Volume 41. Page 674-680.
determination of causal drug adverse event by DIPS
an information content entity that lists one of 10 questions for the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS).
DIPS question 1: Are there previous credible reports of this interaction in humans?
Three answers: Yes (+1), No (-1), and Unk or NA (0)
DIPS question 2: Is the observed interaction consistent with the known interactive properties of precipitant drug?
DIPS question 3: Is the observed interaction consistent with the known interactive properties of object drug?
DIPS question 4: Is the event consistent with the known or reasonable time course of the interaction (onset and/or offset)?
DIPS question 5: Did the interaction remit upon dechallenge of the precipitant drug with no change in the object drug? (if no dechallenge, use Unknown or NA and skip Question 6)
Three answers: Yes (+1), No (-2), and Unk or NA (0)
DIPS question 6: Did the interaction reappear when the precipitant drug was readministered in the presence of continued use of object drug?
Three answers: Yes (+2), No (-1), and Unk or NA (0)
DIPS question 7: Are there reasonable alternative causes for the event?
Three answers: Yes (-1), No (+1), and Unk or NA (0)
aConsider clinical conditions, other interacting drugs, lack of adherence, risk factors (eg, age, inappropriate doses of object drug). A NO answer presumes that enough information was presented so that one would expect any alternative causes to be mentioned. When in doubt, use Unknown or NA designation.
DIPS question 8: Was the object drug detected in the blood or other fluids in concentrations consistent with the proposed interaction?
Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Unk or NA (0)
DIPS question 9: Was the drug interaction confirmed by any objective evidence consistent with the effects on the object drug (other than drug concentrations from question 8)?
DIPS question 10: Was the interaction greater when the precipitant drug dose was increased or less when the precipitant drug dose was decreased?
an AE causality score that is represented as a score of the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS).
Score: Highly Probable: >8 Probable: 5–8 Possible: 2–4 Doubtful: <2
Horn JR, Hansten PD, Chan LN. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;41(4):674-80. PMID: 17389673.
one of the Naranjo criteria that are frequently used for determination of causality for suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM et al. (1981). "A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 30 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.154. PMID 7249508.
WEB: http://livertox.nih.gov/Narajo.html
DIPS question 1: Are there previous conclusive reports on this reaction?
Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Don't Know (0)
DIPS question 2: Did the adverse reaction appear after the suspected drug was administered?
Three answers: Yes (+2), No (-1), and Don't Know (0)
DIPS question 3: Did the adverse reaction improve when the drug was discontinued or a specific antagonist was administered?
DIPS question 4: Did the adverse reaction reappear when the drug was readministered?
DIPS question 5: Are there alternative causes that could on their own have caused the reaction?
Three answers: Yes (-1), No (+2), and Don't Know (0)
DIPS question 6: Did the reaction reappear when a placebo was given?
Three answers: Yes (-1), No (+1), and Don't Know (0)
DIPS question 7: Was the drug detected in the blood (or other fluids) in concentrations known to be toxic?
DIPS question 8: Was the reaction more severe when the dose was increased or less severe when the dose was decreased?
DIPS question 9: Did the patient have a similar reaction to the same or similar drug in any previous exposure?
DIPS question 10: Was the adverse event confirmed by any objective evidence?
a score of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scaling
SCORING: ≥9 = definite; 5–8 = probable; 1–4 = possible; ≤0 = doubtful
an adverse event causal association score that represents a probability that an adverse event is caused (induced) by a medical intervention.
For an adverse event this is likely caused by a medical intervention, the causal adverse event (CAE) probabllity is in between 0 and 1. For a known causal adverse event, the CAE probabllity is 1. Alternatively, a CAE probability can be described as a scale that can go beyond the 0-1 range. For example, the Naranjo ADR probabililty score is a score that use scale with a wide range.
a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of sensory neuropathy that involves damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
a sensory neuropathy AE which has an outcome of distal sensory neuropathy that involves damage to distal sensory nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
a distal sensory neuropathy AE that is chronic.
a neuropathy AE that is induced by a drug administration
Tremor AE is a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an involuntary trembling or quivering, and muscle contraction and relaxation.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tremor.html
a neuropathy AE which shows symptoms due to the damage to the autonomic nerves. This damage disrupts signals between the brain and portions of the autonomic nervous system, such as the heart, blood vessels and sweat glands. This can cause decreased or abnormal performance of one or more involuntary body functions.
WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/basics/definition/con-20029053
a peripheral neuropathy AE which is caused by a damage to motor neurons
A peripheral neuropathy AE which is characterized by damage to more than one nerve
WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain_spinal_cord_and_nerve_disorders/peripheral_nerve_disorders/polyneuropathy.html
a neuropathy AE which is characterized by isolated damage of a single nerve
a peripheral neuropathy AE which affects extremities, such as, toes, fingers, hand and feet.
WEB: http://www.livestrong.com/article/184686-distal-neuropathy-symptoms/
a nervous system AE that affects the neuronal cell body
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922643/
A neuritis AE which has an outcome of mononeuritis characterized by isolated inflammation of one nerve.
A neuritis AE which has an outcome of polyneuritis characterized by isolated inflammation of many nerves.
a mononeuritis AE which has an outcome of mononeuritis multiplex which involves damage to at least two seperate unrelated nerve area.
a sensory neuropathy AE which has an outcome of acute sensory neuropathy that is characterized by rapid onset
a disposition that represents a risk factor associated with the occurrence of an adverse event.
A data item that is calculated as the number of patients realized with an adverse event beginning in an interval divided by the number of patients taking the same medical intervention within the same interval. The incidence thus indicates the number of newly occurring events over time.
WEB: http://www.crilifetree.com/pdfs/drug-safety/long-term-safety-study-of-morphine-sulfate-and-naltrexone-hydrochloride.pdf
a causal adverse drug event that is induced by a drug-drug interaction.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+interaction
causal adverse drug event due to drug-drug interaction
a causal adverse drug event that is induced by a food-drug interaction.
causal adverse drug event due to food-drug interaction
a causal adverse drug event that is induced bygenetic predisposition.
causal adverse drug event due to genetic predisposition
a causal adverse drug event due to genetic predisposition that is specifically induced by SNP.
a cardiovascular disorder AE that is a result of insufficient blood flow throughout the body. Shock often accompanies severe injury or illness.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_%28circulatory%29
WEB: http://njcc.nl/sites/default/files/pdf/review-2_1.pdf (Lima A. Circulatory shock and peripheral circulatory failure: a historical perspective. Netherlands Journal of Critical Care. 2014. 18:6. 14-18)
WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000039.htm
Circulatory shock is not related to the emotional state of shock.
Here is the Kumar and Parrilo definition of shock: "The state in which profound and widespread reduction of effective tissue perfusion leads first to reversible, and then if prolonged, to irreversible cellular injury". Reference: Kumar A, Parillo JE. Shock: pathophysiology, classification and approach to management. In: Parrillo JE, Parrillo JE, Bone RC (eds): Critical care medicine: Principles of diagnosis and management. Mosby: Toronto, 1995, pp 371-420.
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of a loss of brain function and causes a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember such that a person's daily functioning is affected.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia
Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases or pathological processes.
A vascular disorder AE that results in the presence of blood clot along the wall of a blood vessel, frequently causing vascular obstruction. Some authorities differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation.
a metabolic disorder AE that has an outcome of cell death.
cell death AE
a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of some respiratory tract neoplasm.
respiratory tract neoplasm AE
competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A
biochemical inhibitor role
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agonist
agonist role
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_antagonist
In pharmacology, antagonists have affinity but no efficacy for their cognate receptors, and binding will disrupt the interaction and inhibit the function of an agonist or inverse agonist at receptors.
antagonist role
an inflammation AE that shows the result of an inflammation located in a vein, usually in the legs.
a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that has an outcome of pancreatitis.
a cell death AE that has an outcome of apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
a cell death AE that has an outcome of necrosis
A cardiovascular disorder AE that results in Insufficient blood supply for the need of a part of the body, usually as a result of a disease of the blood vessels supplying that part.
an adverse event that occurs in hair, skin, or nail.
a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in hair.
a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in nail.
a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that occurs in endocrine system.
a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that occurs in exocrine system
an adverse event that displays a congential and genetic disorder.
a muscular weakness AE that shows weakness or inability to move a body part, often used to describe a neurologic condition.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresis
Neurologists use the term paresis to describe weakness, and plegia to describe paralysis in which all voluntary movement is lost. (Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresis)
a syndrome AE that has an outcome of cystic fibrosis, an inherited disease that affects the lungs, digestive system, sweat glands, and male fertility.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cystic+fibrosis
a tumore AE that results in the outcome of hyperplasia, an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or tissue, which increases its volume.
an adverse event that displays a disorder in abdomen.
an adverse event that results in genetic disorder.
a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that has an outcome of hepatitis.
an adverse event that displays an outcome of ulcer.
a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that displays an outcome of fistula, a permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and the exterior of the body.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fistula
an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of extravasation, a discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/extravasation
an adverse event that displays an outcome of an sclerosis, the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue.
a crying abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal inconsolable crying in a patient
inconsolable crying AE
a crying abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal unusual high-pitched crying in a patient
unusual high-pitched crying AE
a crying abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal prolonged crying in a patient
prolonged crying AE
a decreased heart rate AE that results in a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minutes (BPM).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradycardia
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bradycardia
bradycardia AE
an adverse event that displays a disorder associated with child birth, newborn infant, or an infant.
pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal disorder AE
prenatal, perinatal or neonatal disorder AE
an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an ineffective drug
administration of ineffective drug
an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an ctive drug with decreased effectiveness
administration of drug with decreased effectiveness
a bupropion-induced adverse event that is induced by aplenzin administration
an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with a drug above the therapeutic level
drug overdose administration
an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an drug without knowing the dose used.
administration of drug with omitted dose
a quality that represents resistance of a patient to a drug.
drug resistance
an adverse event that occurs in the site of a medical intervention (e.g., vaccination injection site).
medical intervention site AE
a site that is used for a medical intervention
medical intervention site
an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an drug stored in capsule with physical defect
administration of drug stored in capsule with physical defect
an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an drug with wrong technique
administration of drug with wrong technique
a drug administration where a patient is administered with an drug with incorrect route
administration of drug with incorrect route
A pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal AE that displays a disorder associated with newborn infant or an infant.
neonatal AE
A pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal AE that displays a disorder associated with childbirth
perinatal AE
a medical intervention that has an errored medication
errored medication
a medical intervention that has errored drug medication
errored drug administration
a therapeutic intervention that uses radiation
radiotherapy
a vascular disorder AE that affects the artery
an artery disorder AE that is characterized by a narrowing of the blood vessels outside of the heart.
WEB: http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=peripheral+arterial+disease
an autoimmune disease AE that shows a symptom of dry red patches on the skin.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psoriasis
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoriasis
a distal sensory neuropathy AE characterized by an increase in degree (cumulative)
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of stress in a patient
an abscess AE that has an outcome of a pocket of infected fluid and pus located inside the abdominal cavity
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000212.htm
a discomfort AE that has an outcome of a stomach ache
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Abdominal+discomfort
a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003609/
a sepsis AE that has an outcome of sepsis in the abdominal area
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001687/
an abdominal abscess AE that has an outcome of a collection of pus in the abdominal wall, causes inflammation
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002329/
a behavioral AE that results in uncharacteristic behaviors
12/19/2015: This term became obsolete since its meaning can be quite confusing. "behavior AE" is now considered as the synonym of 'behavioral and neurological AE'.
a behavioral and neurological AE that results in odd dreams
an abortion AE that has an outcome of expulsion of a fetus from the uterus brought on intentionally by medication or instrumentation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/induced+abortion
an abortion AE that results in a miscarriage
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002458/
a skin AE that is characterized by pimples generally on the face, chest and back, caused by clogging of the pores
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/acne
a immune system disorder AE that is caused by the HIV virus
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hivaids.html
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a prolonged time taken for blood to clot. The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot. PTT measures the efficacy of the comon coagulation pathways and helps tell if bleeding or clotting problems exist.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003653.htm
activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a complication during stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted donor cells in the intestine attack the transplant recipient's body
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001309.htm
acute graft versus host disease in intestine AE
a skin AE that has an outcome of a complication during stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted donor cells in the skin attack the transplant recipient's body
acute graft versus host disease in skin AE
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a type of acute leukemia, characterized by anemia, fatigue, weight loss, easy bruising, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia with bacterial infections, and bone pain
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Blast+count
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of the reoccurance of fast-growing cancer of the white blood cells where abnormal blasts do not fight infections after a period of remission
acute lymphocytic leukaemia recurrent AE
WEB: http://marrow.org/Patient/Disease_and_Treatment/About_Your_Disease/ALL/Acute_Lymphoblastic_Leukemia_(ALL).aspx
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of cancer in the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001569/
an acute myeloid leukemia AE that shows an recurrence of acute myeloid leukemia
a lung disorder AE that has the outcome fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs with rapid onset
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Acute+pulmonary+edema
a respiratory distress AE that prevents enough oxygen from getting to the lungs and into the blood
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001164/
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a condition in which not enough oxygen passes from the lungs into the blood, with rapid onset
WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/rf/
a syncope AE that results in sudden episodes of fainting and sometimes seizures
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1518479/
a reproductive system AE that results in the thickening of the walls of the uterus. This ccurs when endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, moves into the outer muscular walls of the uterus.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002481/
a viral infection that occurs in the respiratory system and has an outcome of viral infection by nonenveloped icosahedral viruses causing illness in the respiratory system
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Adenovirus+Infections
a tumor AE that results in an abnormal number of cells proliferating on the kidney(s)
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22486993
an endocrine system AE that results in the suppression of the functions of the adrenal glands
a behavior and neurological AE that results in an increase in hostile behavior
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of acute leukopenia, or lowered white blood cell count, most commonly of neutrophils causing neutropenia in circulating blood
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001295.htm
an embolism AE that is caused by an air bubble in the vessel
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23295634
a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal blood level of alanine aminotransferase
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139615
alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE
an alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in alanine aminotransferase level in body
alanine aminotransferase level decreased AE
an alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alanine transaminase, an enzyme most commonly found in the liver
alanine aminotransferase level increased AE
a liver/biliary system AE that is characterized by liver disease caused by the patient's alcoholic activity
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of significantly different waking beta wave state
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182997
a female reproductive system AE that is characterized by the absence of menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942684
an abnormal fluid regulation AE that results in a decreased volume of amniotic fluid during pregnancy
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039031
an anus AE that has an outcome of a split or tear in the mucosa lining the lower rectum
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002116/
an ulcer AE that has an outcome of an ulcer in the anal cavity
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17073250
a vascular disorder AE that has an outcome of a leakage at the site of the intersection of two blood vessels
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23122582
a cardiac disorder AE that is stable and shows the symptom of a chest pain due to ischemia of the heart
WEB: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/SymptomsDiagnosisofHeartAttack/Angina-Pectoris-Stable-Angina_UCM_437515_Article.jsp#
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016723
a angina AE that is unstable and has an outcome of a condition in which the heart doesn't get enough blood flow through the blood vessels of the heart muscle, may lead to heart attack.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001250/
an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by antibodies present that are against cell-membrane phospholipids that provoke blood clots
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23231732
a urinary system AE that has an outcome of the absence of urine formation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anuria
a vascular disorder AE that results in a condition affecting the aorta and aortic valves
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/aorta_disorder.htm
a cardiac valve disease AE that has an outcome of inability of the aortic valve to function effectively
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/aortic_valve_incompetence/intro.htm
a congenital abnormality AE with an outcome of defective development or congenital absense of an organ or tissue
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/737831
Aplastic anaemia AE is an anemia AE that occurs when the bone marrow, and the blood stem cells that reside there are damaged. This causes a deficiency of all three blood cell types (pancytopenia): red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia).
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23292240
a serious AE that is due to an allergic brochospasm, which causes a serious problem with breathing and requires treatment in an emergency room.
URL: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchospasm
allergic brochospasm AE that requires treatment in emergency
a hypersensitivity AE that occurs at the site of an application of a medical intervention (e.g., drug administration or vaccination).
an infection AE that occurs at the site of drug application
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the arteries
CSF protein increased AE is an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid production that results in and increase in blood level CSF protein
a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal result in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection test that examines the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
This should be inferred as a "AE: lab test abnormal".
WEB: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003428.htm
Henoch-Schonlein purpura AE is a purpura AE, a systemic vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) characterized by deposition of immune complexes containing the antibody IgA in the skin and kidney. This results from some allergic response,
allergic purpura, anaphylactoid purpura, vascular purpura
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoch-Schonlein_purpura
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasia
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of abasia, a movement disorder that results in and inability to walk due to impaired muscle coordination
a stomach pain AE that is observed in upper stomach
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of loss of taste functions of the tongue, particularly the inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageusia
a sensory neuropathy AE that has an outcome of chronic sensory neuropathy characterized by being persistent or long-lasting in nature
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a lack of functioning olfaction, an inability to perceive odors
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfaction
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of a psychological and physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. These components combine to create an unpleasant feeling that is typically associated with uneasiness, fear, or worry.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety
an arrhythmia AE that is characterized by rapid regular atrial contractions occurring usually at rates between 250 and 400 per minute and often producing saw-tooth waves in an electrocardiogram.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/atrial+flutter
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, giddy, woozy, or have a sensation of movement, spinning, or floating.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_disorder
blister AE is a skin adverse event that results in a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blister
cellulitis AE is an inflammation AE that is a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulitis
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a type of perspiration usually associated with anxiety or fear
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_sweat
convulsion AE is a muscle adverse event that results in a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convulsion
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of difficulty in walking properly
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of distortion of the sense of taste
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgeusia
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of dyskinesia
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyskinesia
dyskinesia is a movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements
An abnormal respiration AE that is characterized by a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity.
MedDRA: 10013968 is for "dyspnoea"; MedDRA: 10013963 is for "dyspnea".
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspnoea
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyography
a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal activity in skeletal muscles evaluted and measured by electromyography
eye irritation AE is an eye disorder AE that results in mild eye redness, itching, or tearing
WEB: http://www.freemd.com/eye-irritation/
eye pruritus AE is a pruritus AE (an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch) at the eye area
glomerulonephritis AE is a kidney disorder AE that results in a renal disease that is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, or small blood vessels in the kidneys.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulonephritis
A conduction system disorder AE that is a condition in which the electrical impulse from the bundle of His to the ventricles is delayed or fails to conduct along the right bundle branch, resulting in right ventricular depolarization by cell-to-cell conduction spreading from the interventricular septum and left ventricle to the right ventricle–ie, slow and uncoordinated Natural history Surgically induced RBBB has few acute hemodynamic consequences and a generally benign course long term; rarely, progression to complete heart block and sudden death occur, especially if accompanied by major His-Purkinje system–eg, left anterior hemiblock, first-degree AV block–injury; tetralogy of Fallot repair with an RBBB and a markedly prolonged QRS duration >180 ms have an ↑ risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/right+bundle+branch+block
a cardiac disorder AE of the electrical conduction system that controls the heart rate, generates and conducts electrical impulses throughout the muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood.
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8407
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of hypoaesthesia, meaning that skin loses some of its sensitivity to pain or touch
a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of a blood clot within an artery
[SS] Per DRA and KKB's comment, arterial thrombosis may also be characterized as an embolism.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23236330
a viral infection AE that demonstrates an influenza viral infection. Influenza is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses), that affects birds and mammals
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza
a coronary artery disease AE with the outcome hardening of the coronary artery due to a build up of waxy plaque on the inside of blood vessels
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Coronary+Arteriosclerosis
injected limb mobility decreased AE is a mobility decreased AE that occurs in the limb in which injection is administered
a haematoma AE that has an outcome of injection-site haematoma, which results in a collection of blood outside the blood vessels at the physical area of injection
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematoma
injection-site induration AE is an skin AE that results in hardening or thickening of tissue at the physical injection site
WEB: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=induration
injection-site pruritus AE is an pruritus AE that results in an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch at the physical area of injection
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pruritus
injection-site rash AE is a rash AE that results in a change of the skin which affects its color, appearance or texture at the physical injection site
injection-site warmth AE is a homeostasis AE that results in feeling of warmth at the physical injection site
A joint disorder AE that has an outcome of joint swelling, which is a joint disorder that results in a buildup of fluid in the soft tissue surrounding the joint
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003262.htm
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an increase in production, secretion, and shedding of tears
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6199
lip swelling AE is an edema (swelling) AE that results in enlargement or protuberance in the lip
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_%28medical%29
A lymphadenopathy AE that results in swollen/enlarged lymph nodes
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphadenopathy
mobility decreased AE is a nervous system AE that results in difficulty in movement leading to less ability to move part(s) of body
a muscle AE that has an outcome of muscular weakness AE (i.e., lack of muscle strength).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_weakness
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation of stiffness in muscles and skeleton
nasal congestion AE is a respiratory system AE that results in a blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion
a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of nasopharyngitis, a respiratory system inflammation that results in common cold, a contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasopharyngitis
an neuropathy AE that results in a damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS, outside the brain and spinal cord), the vast communication network that transmits information from the brain and the spinal cord (the central nervous system) to every other part of the body.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy
WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/peripheralneuropathy/detail_peripheralneuropathy.htm
ocular hyperaemia AE is an eye disorder AE that results in severe redness and irritation of the eyes
WEB: http://www.med.miami.edu/news/view.asp?id=259
a pain AE that has an outcome of oropharyngeal pain
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oropharyngeal_airway
oropharyngeal pain is a pain in oral airway
an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of otitis media that results in inflammation of the middle ear, or middle ear infection
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media
an inflammation AE that has an outcome of pericaditis, which is a cardiovascular disorder that results in a condition in which the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium) becomes inflamed
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000182.htm
pharyngeal edema AE is an edema AE that results in an bbnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities in pharynx (throat swelling).
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004487?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Mesh.Mesh_ResultsPanel.Mesh_RVDocSum
pharyngitis AE is a digestive system AE that results in an inflammation of the throat or pharynx
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngitis
a pain AE that shows a pain in sinus and throat
WEB: http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/1631/
rash macular AE is a rash AE that results in a skin eruption in which the lesions are flat and less than 1 cm in diameter
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macular+rash
a rash AE that shows clustered papules, i.e., small, round, raised bumps that have clear borders.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/papule
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/papular_rash.htm
A respiratory system AE thta is characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange with concomitant systemic release of inflammatory mediators causing inflammation, hypoxemia and frequently resulting in multiple organ failure.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome
respiratory tract congestion AE is a respiratory system AE that results in congestion in respiratory tract
retching AE is a digestive system AE that results in a process in the human body where gastric (and sometimes duodenal) contents are forced into the esophagus, but do not enter the pharynx
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retching
rhinitis AE is a respiratory system inflammation characterized by runny nose,irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitis
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rhinitis
rhinorrhoea AE is a respiratory system AE that results in runny nose, an unusually significant amount of nasal fluid
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrhoea
shoulder pain is a pain iin or around the shoulder joint
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003171.htm
sinus congestion AE is a nasal congestion AE that results in blockage of the air cavities in the cranial bones or nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_%28anatomy%29, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion
sneezing AE is a respiratory system adverse event that results in sternutation, a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneezing
an increased heart rate AE where the heart rate exceeds the normal range for a resting heartrate (heartrate in an inactive or sleeping individual)
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia
a tendon disorder AE that has an outcome of tendonitis
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinitis
tendonitis is a tendon disorder that results in an inflammation of a tendon
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation of tightness in the throat
an infection AE is a respiratory system AE that results in illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infection
a viral infection AE that results in an acute contagious diseased caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body.
WEB: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=varicella
a paresthesia AE that occurs in oral area.
paraesthesia oral is a paresthesia that results in a numbness or tingling that occurs in the mucosa or tissues of the oral cavity.
an abnormal body temperature AE which has an outcome of fever
Axelrod YK1, Diringer MN. Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders. Neurol Clin. 2008 May;26(2):585-603, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. PMID: 18514828.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrexia
Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1-2 °F).
a skin AE that shows the symptom of rash, i.e., an abnormal change in skin color, appearance, or texture. A rash may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful.
URL: http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/common-rashes
Wick JY. Drug-induced rash: nuisance or threat? Consult Pharm. 2013 Mar;28(3):160-6. PMID: 23462025.
Drug-induced rash is the most commonly reported drug reaction.
an adverse event that has an outcome of a pathogen infection, i.e., an infection caused by a pathogen such as a virus, bacterium, or parasite.
change of name from 'infection adverse event' to 'infectious adverse event' on 09/23/13 for a better clinical relevance, move 'infection adverse event' as an alternative term - SS
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection
An AE that has an outcome of syndrome. Syndrome is the association of several clinically recognizable features, signs (observed by a physician), symptoms (reported by the patient), phenomena or characteristics that often occur together, so that the presence of one feature alerts the physician to the presence of the others.
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of emotional state of excitement or restlessness
injection-site AE is an AE that occurs in an injection site (e.g., during vaccination).
a hypersensitivity AE which has an outcome of injection-site hypersensitivity
an edema AE which occurs at the injection site. In this case, a collection of fluid at the injection site is found.
WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-swelling-beyond-the-basics
a pain AE that occurs in an injection site of a medical intervention
an inflammation AE which has an outcome of injection-site inflammation
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of injection-site hemorrhage
a tumor or mass AE that occurs in an injection-site
injection-site mass is a mass at physical injection site
a skin adverse event that has an outcome of pruritus
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=mesh&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=pruritus+generalised&log$=activity
Pruritus is an itch (Latin: pruritus), i.e., an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch.
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of pain in a patient
a pain AE that has outcome of myalgia. Myalgia means "muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders.
Urticaria AE is a rash AE notable for dark red, raised, itchy bumps.
a pain AE that has an outcome of headache
an AE that occurs in respiratory system.
I created this term and make it to be an umbrella term for different disorder terms related to respiratory system. --Oliver He
a leukocyte cell number abnormal AE that has an outcome of greater than normal number of leukocytes, or nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'leukocytosis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,021 VAERS reports (0.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocytosis
a leukocyte cell number abnormal AE that has an outcome of reduction in the number of leukocytes, or of nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'leukopenia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 417 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal blood pressure, representing altered tension of the blood within the systemic arteries
a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of asthenia, which is a medical term denoting symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength.
a muscle pain AE that has an outcome of muscle ache.
A rash AE that shows a flat, red area on the skin overed with small confluent bumps.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maculopapular_rash
The term "maculopapular" is a compound: macules are small, flat discolored spots on the surface of the skin; and papules are small, raised bumps.
An joint disorder AE that has an outcome of arthralgia. Arthralgia means joint pain. It is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses (in particular arthritis) or an allergic reaction to medication. According to MeSH, the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory.
vesiculobullous rash AE is a rash AE characterized by serous-fluid-filled vesicles (blisters)
a syndrome AE which has an outcome of screaming syndrome
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of dizziness
Dizziness describes a number of subjective symptoms, which the patient may describe as feelings of lightheadedness, floating, wooziness, giddiness, confusion, disorientation or loss of balance. Medical terms include vertigo, disequilibrium, pre-syncope or syncoptic episode. Causes may stem from a variety of failures of equilibrioception, hypotension, cerebral hypoxia or a reaction to environmental chemicals or drugs.
peripheral edema AE is an edema AE that results in swelling of tissues, usually in the lower limbs, due to the accumulation of fluids
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_edema
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of malaise
Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an "out of sorts" feeling. Malaise is often the first indication of an infection or other disease. Vaccination may induce malaise.
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of somnolence
Somnolence (or "drowsiness") is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (c.f. hypersomnia).
a sensory neuropathy AE that shows a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraesthesia
Paresthesia is more generally known as the feeling of "pins and needles" or of a limb being "asleep" (although this is not directly related to the phenomenon of sleep). The manifestation of paresthesia may be transient or chronic.
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of abnormal crying in a patient
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of chills
Chills refers to feeling cold after an exposure to a cold environment. The word can also refer to an episode of shivering, accompanied by paleness and feeling cold.
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of stupor
Stupor is the lack of critical cognitive function and level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain. The word derives from the Latin stupure, meaning insensible. Being characterised by impairments of reactions to external stimuli, in this case, vaccine immunization.
a gustatory system AE which demonstrates a decreased sensation of appetite.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorexia/basics/definition/con-20033002
厌食症
face edema AE is an edema AE that results in facial swelling, the build-up of fluid in the tissues of the face. Swelling may also affect the neck and upper arms
an abnormal respiration AE that shows a sudden and often repetitively occurring reflex to keep the throat and airways clear
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cough
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cough.html
a syndrome AE that has an outcome of a flu syndrome AE and occurs after a medical intervention.
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of loss of consciousness, fainting
Syncope is the medical term for fainting, a sudden, usually temporary, loss of consciousness.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_%28medicine%29
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconsciousness
a skin adverse event that has an outcome of sweating
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sweating' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 2,301 VAERS reports (1.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abdominal pain' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 2,254 VAERS reports (1.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_pain
a pain AE that is observed in abdominal cavity
an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of sustained high blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722707
a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by a condition of the heart in which the aortic valve, located between the aorta and left ventricle of the heart, is norrower than normal size
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+valve+stenosis
a muscular weakness AE that has an outcome of myasthenia. Myasthenia represenats myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'chest pain' was mentioned in 1,752 VAERS reports (1.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a sensory neuropathy AE which has an outcome of sensory axonal characterized by damage to axonas of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
an abnormal vision AE characterised by leakage of fluid under the retina causing visual impairment, usually in one eye.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_serous_retinopathy
central serous retinopathy AE
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of twitching, an involuntary sudden movement of part of the body.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'twitching' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,511 VAERS reports (1.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a seizure AE that has an outcome of a seizure disorder associated with an elevated temperature
a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of asthma
Asthma is a common chronic lung disease. It has been defined by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute as a common chronic disorder of the airways that is complex and characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (bronchospasm), and an underlying inflammation.
a pain AE that has an outcome of neck pain
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'neck pain' was mentioned in 1,323 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an arthritis AE that has an outcome of inflammation of a joint, resulting from infectious agents, such as bacteria and viruses
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/i/infectious_arthritis/intro.htm
a pain AE that has an outcome of back pain
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'back pain' was mentioned in 1,277 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a hair AE that has an outcome of alopecia and occurs after a medical intervention.
alopecia means the absence of hair or loss of hair. It is not usually in reference to primary genetic hairlessness but may be due to dietary, stress, secondary to immune condition.
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of gastrointestinal hemorrhage
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastrointestinal+hemorrhage
bleeding in the stomach and/or the intestines
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of eyes gaze upward
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'eyes gaze upward' was mentioned in 1,249 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a nervous system AE that shows a damage to or disease affecting the nerves.
Neuropathy is often classified according to the types or location of nerves that are affected. Neuropathy can also be classified according to the disease causing it. (For example, neuropathy from the effects of diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy. Ref: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy.
WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm
WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/147963.php
a skin adverse event that has an outcome of skin nodule
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin nodule' was mentioned in 1,134 VAERS reports (0.9%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of arthrosis.
Arthrosis is an articular illness that produces fibrosis or degeneration of the cartilage.
a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of hypokinesia, refering to slow or diminished movement of body musculature.
Muscle twitch AE is a twitching AE that is a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation which may be visible under the skin.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciculation
skin discoloration AE is a skin adverse event that results in change in color of skin or mucus membranes
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin discoloration' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 909 VAERS reports (0.7%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a varicella zoster virus infection AE that occurs in adults and rarely in children.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shingles/basics/causes/con-20019574
Herpes zoster is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe. The initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes the acute (short-lived) illness chickenpox, and generally occurs in children and young people. Once an episode of chickenpox has resolved, the virus is not eliminated from the body but can go on to cause shingles (an illness with very different symptoms) often many years after the initial infection.
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of laryngismus
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'laryngismus' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 881 VAERS reports (0.7%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
sudden laryngeal spasm with crowing inhalation and cyanosis
Laryngismus is an uncontrolled/involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the laryngeal cords.
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of disorder in speech
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of hemorrhage
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhage
loss of blood from the vascular compartment to the exterior or into nonvascular body space as a result of rupture or severance of the blood vessels
a bone disorder AE which has an outcome of neck rigidity
a nervous system AE that has the symptom of GBS. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances, the weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body. These symptoms can increase in intensity until the muscles cannot be used at all and the patient is almost totally paralyzed. In these cases, the disorder is life-threatening and is considered a medical emergency. Usually Guillain-Barre occurs a few days or weeks after the patient has had symptoms of a respiratory or gastrointestinal viral infection. Occasionally, surgery or vaccinations will trigger the syndrome. Reference: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/gbs.htm.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299621
an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of nausea and vomiting
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'nausea and vomiting' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 812 VAERS reports (0.6%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
This term will most likely removed since it is just a combination of nausea and vomiting.
a sudden death AE that occurs to an infant.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sudden infant death' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 808 VAERS reports (0.6%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a fever AE that has an outcome of fever with chills, which is successive stages of chills and fever. This is a symptom of malaria.
a psychiatric disorder AE that is characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder
a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of lung disorder
a musculoskeletal system AE that occurs in muscle.
an adverse event that occurs in liver, biliary, and pancreatic areas.
liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorder AE
WEB: http://www.uchospitals.edu/online-library/content=P00670
a liver/biliary system AE which has an outcome of an enlarged liver, or larger than average size of the liver
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hepatomegaly' was mentioned in 106 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a brain inflammation AE which results in an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The inflammation is caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, and less commonly by certain drugs or diseases.
WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/index.html
a paralysis AE that has an outcome of paralysis in face
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'facial paralysis' was mentioned in 580 VAERS reports (0.5%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of confusion, which is a mild form of delirium.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mental+confusion
a musculoskeletal system AE which has an outcome of joint disorder
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of autism
Autism is a brain development disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.
a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of sedimentation rate increased
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sedimentation rate increased' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 530 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
This term should be inferred to lab test abnormal.
red blood cell sedimentation rate increased AE
Sedimentation rate is a diagnostic test for inflammation. The test measures the rate at which red blood cells fall to the bottom of a tube over time. An increased sedimentation rate corresponds to increased non-specific inflammation in the body. It is often called "sedrate" for short.
red blood cell sedimentation rate increased AE is an AE: sedimentation rate increased that has an increase in rate at which red blood cells precipitate in a period of 1 hour.
an arthritis AE that has an outcome of arthritis due to an infection in another part of the body
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822921
an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of amblyopia
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of mental retardation
a rash AE which shows red, target-shaped or "bulls-eye" patches or sores on the skin.
WEB: http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/erythema_multiforme.html
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_multiforme
The erythema multiforme rash usually begins on the arms, hands, legs, and feet, but you might also find it on the face, neck, and body. It also can affect the lips and inside the mouth. It usuallys follows an infection or drug exposure.
a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of SGOT increased
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'SGOT increased' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 477 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
SGOT respresents serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGOT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood SGOT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from a heart attack). Some medications can also raise SGOT levels. SGOT is also called aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of SGPT increased
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'SGPT increased' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 459 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
SGPT represents serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGPT is released into blood when the liver or heart are damaged. The blood SGPT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from a heart attack). Some medications can also raise SGPT levels. SGPT is also called alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
a behavioral and neurological AE that has an outcome of thinking abnormality
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'thinking abnormality' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 457 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of dyspepsia
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'dyspepsia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 454 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Dyspepsia is popularly known as indigestion, meaning hard or difficult digestion. It is a medical condition characterized by chronic or recurrent pain in the upper abdomen, upper abdominal fullness and feeling full earlier than expected when eating.
an allergy AE which has an outcome of anaphylactoid reaction AE is an acute systemic (multi-system) and very severe Type I Hypersensitivity allergic reaction in humans and other mammals. Minute amounts of allergens may cause a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'anaphylactoid reaction' was mentioned in 452 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293078
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of a gastrointestinal disorder
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'gastrointestinal disorder' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 449 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an edema AE that has an outcome of accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23296107
a hypersensitivity AE which has an outcome of serum sickness
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'serum sickness' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 428 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Serum sickness is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from an animal source. It is a type of hypersensitivity, specifically immune complex hypersensitivity (type III).
an abscess AE which has an outcome of injection-site abscess
a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that is the abnormal result of a procedure that uses small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to your scalp to detect electrical activity in your brain
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal electroencephalogram' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 420 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/eeg/MY00296
a dizziness AE that has an outcome of vertigo
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'vertigo' was mentioned in 412 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness, a major symptom of a balance disorder. It is the sensation of spinning or swaying while the body is actually stationary with respect to the surroundings. The effects of vertigo may be slight. It can cause nausea and vomiting and, in severe cases, it may give rise to difficulties with standing and walking.
a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of heartarrest, the abrupt cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively during systole.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+arrest
a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of bronchitis
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes.
a seizure AE that has an outcome of grand malconvulsion
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process).
a liver related investigation result abnormal AE which shows an abnormal test result in a liver function test, indicating aberrant function of liver.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'liver function tests abnormal' was mentioned in 717 VAERS reports (0.6%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+function
an infection AE that results in detrimental colonization of a host organism by virus
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_infection
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of lacrimation disorder
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'lacrimation disorder' was mentioned in 334 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Lacrimation is the production, secretion, and shedding of tears.
a liver/biliary system AE which has an outcome of jaundice, which is the clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, with deposition of bile pigments in the skin, resulting in yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'jaundice' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 317 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaundice
an immune system disorder AE which shows an enclosed collection of liquefied tissue, known as pus, somewhere in the body. Abscess is the result of the body's defensive reaction to foreign material.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/abscess
An abscess is a collection of pus (dead neutrophils) that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue on the basis of an infectious process (usually caused by bacteria or parasites) or other foreign materials (e.g. splinters, bullet wounds, or injecting needles). It is a defensive reaction of the tissue to prevent the spread of infectious materials to other parts of the body.
a pain AE that has an outcome of eye pain
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'eye pain' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 316 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of palpitation
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitations
A palpitation is an abnormal awareness of the beating of the heart, whether it is too slow, too fast, irregular, or at its normal frequency.
an edema AE which has an outcome of tongue edema
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=97582
a pain AE that has an outcome of ear pain
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'ear pain' was mentioned in 302 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an edema AE which has an outcome of angioedema
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/basics/definition/con-20014815
Angioedema is the rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues often around the eyes and lips. It is very similar to urticaria, but urticaria, commonly known as hives, occurs in the upper dermis.
An arthritis AE that has the outcome of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints and may also cause inflammation of the tissue around the joints, as well as other organs in the body.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'immune system disorder' was mentioned in 292 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an immune system disorder AE which has an outcome of antinuclear antibody present
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'antinuclear antibody present'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 288 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) that are antibodies directed against contents of the cell nucleus. ANAs are present in higher than normal numbers in autoimmune disease. The ANA test measures the pattern and amount of autoantibody which can attack the body's tissues as if they were foreign material. Autoantibodies are present in low titers in the general population, but in about 5% of the population, their concentration is increased, and about half of this 5% have an autoimmune disease.
a nervous system AE which involves inflammation of the spinal cord, which disrupts central nervous system functions linking the brain and limbs.
a headache AE that has an outcome of migraine
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'migraine'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 267 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
A migraine is a very painful type of headache. People who get migraines often describe the pain as pulsing or throbbing in one area of the head. During migraines, people are very sensitive to light and sound. They may also become nauseated and vomit.
Thrombocytopenic purpura AE are purpura AE associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of causes.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'thrombocytopenic purpura'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 267 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
multiple sclerosis AE is an immune system disorder AE, or an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system, leading to demyelination.
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of amnesia in a patient
Amnesia is a short term memory condition in which memory is disturbed. In simple terms it is the loss of memory.
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of incoordination
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'incoordination' was mentioned in 261 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a lack of normal adjustment of muscular action so that the intended movement of the limb or other part is not made smoothly and harmoniously, and does not accurately achieve its objective. If the abnormality is hypermetric, the condition is referred to as ataxia. If it is inclined to weakness, e.g. knuckling at the turn, stumbling, failure to flex limbs properly, or to misdirection as in a proprioceptive deficit, it is called incoordination.
a speech disorder that has an outcome of voice alteration
a pregnancy AE that is the termination of a pregnancyby the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo, resulting in or caused by its death.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abortion'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 257 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of shock
Mental shock (or shock) is a psychological condition arising in response to a terrifying event. It should not be confused with the unrelated circulatory condition of shock.
There are two types of shocks. Another is circulatory shock which is physiological with MedDRA ID of 10040560.
a skin discoloration AE which has an outcome of purpura
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'purpura'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 251 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Purpura is the appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. They are caused by bleeding underneath the skin. This is common with typhus and can be present with meningitis caused by meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia. Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpura.
an infection AE that results in detrimental colonization of a host organism by bacteria
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_infection
a skin adverse event that has an outcome of skin striae that displays irregular areas of skin that look like bands, stripes, or lines. Striae are seen when a person grows or gains weight rapidly or has certain diseases or conditions.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin striae'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 247 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a syndrome AE that has an outcome of an acute brain syndrome AE and occurs after a medical intervention.
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of coma
Coma is a profound state of unconsciousness. A comatose person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to pain or light, does not have sleep-wake cycles, and does not take voluntary actions.
a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of hyperkinesia, an abnormal increase in muscular activity.
an AE that occurs in cardiovascular system.
a nervous system AE which has an outcome of encephalopathy, which is disorder or disease of the brain.
a urinary system AE that has an outcome of urine abnormality AE
a gastrointestinal disorder AE which has an outcome of gastroenteritis, an inflammation occuring in the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach and the small intestine, often results in diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain and cramping
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'gastroenteritis' was mentioned in 218 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastroenteritis
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of peripheral vascular disorder
a urinary tract disoder AE that has an outcome of urnary tract infection AE
an abnormal salivary gland physiology AE which has an outcome of increased salivation, meaning greater than normal amounts of flowing saliva
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'increased salivation' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 336 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of depression. Depression causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/definition/con-20032977
a glucose homeostasis AE which has an outcome of diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus, often referred to simply as diabetes, is a syndrome of disordered metabolism, usually due to a combination of hereditary and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).
a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of laryngitis
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'laryngitis'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 190 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx. It causes hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds (vocal cords).
a muscle spasm AE which has an outcome of generalized spasm, which is an involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL) or smooth muscle (MUSCLE, SMOOTH).
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'reflexes decreased'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 178 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Obsoleted because of duplication. It's an alternative term of hyporeflexia AE now.
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of reflexes decreased, an abnormal decrease in an involuntary response to a peripheral stimulus
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of dry mouth, which is dryness of the mouth resulting from reduced salivary secretion
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'dry mouth'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 171 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a neuritis AE which has an outcome of optic neuritis
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of thrombocythemia
Thrombocythemia (primary thrombocythemia) is a disorder in which excess platelets are produced, leading to abnormal blood clotting or bleeding.
thrombocythemia AE - OBSOLETE (due to duplication)
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of epistaxis
Epistaxis is the relatively common occurrence of hemorrhage from the nose, usually noticed when the blood drains out through the nostrils.
a syndrome AE that displays a lupus syndrome. Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs.
WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lupus/
an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of photophobia
Photophobia is a symptom of excessive sensitivity to light and the aversion to sunlight or well-lit places. In medical terms it is not fear, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure.
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal salivary gland physiology, which is any functional anomaly of any of the glands in the mouth that secrete saliva
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of hallucination
A hallucination, in the broadest sense, is a perception in the absence of a stimulus. In a stricter sense, hallucinations are defined as perceptions in a conscious and awake state in the absence of external stimuli which have qualities of real perception, in that they are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space.
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of tongue disorder
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'tongue disorder'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 156 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a pain AE that has an outcome of neuralgia
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'neuralgia'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 155 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Neuralgia or neuropathic pain can be defined most simply as non-nociceptive pain. Neuralgia is pain produced by a change in neurological structure or function. Unlike nociceptive pain, Neuralgia exists with no continuous nociceptive input. Neuralgia falls into two categories: central Neuralgia and peripheral Neuralgia.
an edema AE which has an outcome of lung edema
a paresthesia AE that occurs around the mouth.
an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of thirst
Thirst is the craving for liquids, resulting in the basic instinct of humans or animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance.
a musculoskeletal system AE that occurs in the bone
a perinatal AE that displays fetal disorder.
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of emotional liability
a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of muscle spasm, which is an involuntary and often painful muscle contraction or cramps having a number of causes ranging from nutritional deficiency to serious nervous system conditions
a connective tissue disorder AE that occurs at the location of tendon
A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'tendon disorder'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 137 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Tendon disorder is a medical condition that results in a tendon not functioning normally.
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of hostility
an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of visual field defect
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment
a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of myopathy AE, an abnormal condition or disease of the skeletal muscle
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of apathy state
Apathy is a state of indifference, or the suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation and passion. An apathetic individual has an absence of interest or concern to emotional, social, or physical life. They may also exhibit an insensibility or sluggishness.
a paralysis AE that has an outcome of hemiplegia
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hemiplegia'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 129 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Hemiplegia is total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body. Hemiplegia is more severe than hemiparesis, wherein one half of the body is weakened but not paralysed.
a rash AE that is characterized by a circumscribed and elevated skin lesion filled with pus.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'pustular rash'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 128 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a blood creatine phosphokinase level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or phosphocreatine kinase, an enzyme expressed by various tissue types that catalyses the conversion of creatine and consumes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
elevated serum creatine phosphate kinase AE
blood creatine phosphokinase level increased AE
a hypertension AE that has an outcome of elevated pressure in the skull.
WEB: http://www.ihrfoundation.org/intracranial/hypertension/info/C16
a sensory neuropathy AE which shows a painful neuropathy characterized by damage to sensory and motor nerves
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal stool
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal stools' was mentioned in 111 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a pain AE that has an outcome of bone pain
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'bone pain' was mentioned in 109 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a cardiovascular disorder AE that comes with cerebrovascular accident
Cerebrovascular accident: The sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain. A CVA is also referred to as a stroke.
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of parotid gland enlargement
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'parotid gland enlargement' was mentioned in 103 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of flatulence
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'flatulence' was mentioned in 102 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Flatulence is the production of a mixture of gases in the digestive tract of mammals or other animals that are byproducts of the digestion process. Such a mixture of gases is known as flatus, and is expelled from the rectum in a process colloquially referred to as "passing gas" or "farting".
a liver/biliary system AE which has an outcome of liver damage
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'liver damage' was mentioned in 102 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of sore throat
a movement disorder AE that results in the loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of its nerve supply
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'paralysis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 574 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/paralysis.html
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of cellular death of bone components due to interupption of blood supply
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/avascular+necrosis
a physical examination result abnormal AE that has an outcome of weight loss, which is the progressive reduction of body weight below normal average for age
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'ataxia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 555 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of ataxia, inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements
a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in skin.
WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/skin+disorder
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of unusual or distinctive way of walking
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal gait' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 998 VAERS reports (0.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224774
an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of dehydration, which is an excessive water loss from the body or from an organ or bodily part
a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal fluid regulation, which is any anomaly in the control of intracellular and/or extracellular fluid
a glucose homeostasis AE which has an outcome of hyperglycemia, which is an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood; generally refers to a pathological state
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperglycemia
a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal ciculating bilirubin level, which is aberrant concentration in the blood of this yellow heme breakdown product
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'bilirubinemia'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 221 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a skin adverse event that has an outcome of cyanosis, a dark bluish or purple skin discoloration resulting from deficient oxygenation of the blood
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'cyanosis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,804 VAERS reports (1.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of anemia, which is less than normal levels of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin within red blood cells, or volume of packed red blood cells in the bloodstream, resulting in insufficient oxygenation of tissues and organs
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001586/
an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states
blood pressure decreased, low blood pressure
an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of uneven timing of heart contraction
an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal level of an electrolyte in the blood
electrolyte blood test abnormal AE
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal digestion, which is an altered ability of the mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic processes of the body to convert ingested food into material suitable for assimilation for synthesis of tissues or liberation of energy
an AE that occurs in the homeostasis system.
anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of various functions and chemical or protein composition of the fluids and tissues
an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of edema, which is an accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedema
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_(medical)
an immune system disorder AE that results in complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue greater than expected response to injury, infection, or insult.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation
an inflammation AE which has an outcome of brain inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'encephalitis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 480 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of increased susceptibility to otitis media, which is greater likelihood of middle ear inflammation, with an accumulation of a thick, mucous-like fluid; usually associated with a viral or bacterial respiratory infection
increased susceptibility to otitis media AE
an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of eye inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the eye
an eye inflammation AE which has an outcome of conjunctivitis, which is inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball
an inflammation AE that shows a local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the liver
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hepatitis' was mentioned in 387 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
aa inflammation AE which has an outcome of lung inflammation, a local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the lung
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'pneumonia' was mentioned in 879 VAERS reports (0.7%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an inflammation AE which occurs in the respiratory system, which is reflected with the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the respiratory system
an inflammation AE that has an outcome of vasculitis, which is an inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel
an inflammation AE which has an outcome of salivary gland inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the salivary gland
a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of sinus inflammation, an inflammation of paranasal sinuses, which may be due to infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sinusitis'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 298 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis
a hypersensitivity AE which results in an allergic response showing a marked increase in reactivity to an antigen upon subsequent exposure.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy
a nervous system AE which has an outcome of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid production, an anomaly in the normal output of the fluid that fills the ventricles and other cavities of the brain and spinal cord
abnormal cerebrospinal fluid production AE
URL: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/overview_of_nervous_system_disorders_85,P00799/
a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of abnormal respiration, an anomaly in the movement of gases into and out of the lung
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'respiratory disorder' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 556 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
Not sure if it is same as respiratory system disorder or abnormal respiration. --Oliver He
an abnormal respiration AE which has an outcome of apnea, temporary cessation of breathing; sometimes episodic
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'apnea' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,618 VAERS reports (1.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
MedDRA: 10002974 is for "apnoea"; MedDRA: 10002972 is for "apnea".
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apnea
an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of deafness, which is an inability to hear
an adverse event that occurs in a gustatory system
a gustatory system AE which has an outcome of taste sensitivity, or changes in the ability to perceive a particular flavor or suggestion of something imparting a flavor by the chemoreceptors of the gustatory system
a urinary system AE that has an outcome of excessive or abnormally large production or passage of urine.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyuria
polyuria AE
an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of blindness, which is loss of the sense of sight
an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of abnormal vision, which is an inability or decreased ability to see
a behavior and neurological AE that shows a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/seizures
an adverse event that has an outcome of an abnormal behavior and neurological phenotype.
WEB: http://www.psychguides.com/guides/behavioral-disorder-symptoms-causes-and-effects/
any anomaly in the actions, reactions, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli compared to controls
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of altered ability to coordinate voluntary movement or repetitive, compulsive movements
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of inability or altered ability to respond to a sensory stimulus
a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of glucose homeostasis, which is an anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of glucose in the fluids and tissues
Hypersensitivity AE is a immune system AE that is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. These reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity
Muscle atrophy is a wasting of muscle tissue resulting in a derangement of the muscle fibers; occurs with age, immobilization, weightlessness, malnutrition or denervation.
a muscle adverse event AE which has an outcome of muscular atrophy.
an abnormal respiration AE which has an outcome of hyperventilation, i.e., increased alveolar ventilation relative to metabolic carbon dioxide production; results in carbon dioxide pressure decreasing below normal
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'Petechiae' was mentioned in 510 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an abnormal respiration AE which has an outcome of hypoventilation, i.e., reduced alveolar ventilation relative to metabolic carbon dioxide production; results in alveolar carbon dioxide pressure increasing above normal
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hypoventilation' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 321 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoventilation
an adverse event which occurs in a hematopoietic system, which is any structural or developmental anomaly of the blood cells or the organs associated with the development and formation of blood cells
an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of mydriasis, which is dilation of one or both pupils regardless of light conditions
an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of greater than average resting heart beats per minute, usually measured by the number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time, usually per minute
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of exaggerated reflex action
a muscle spasm AE that has an outcome of opisthotonus
opisthotonus is a form of tetanic spasm in which the head, neck and spine are bent backward and the body is bowed forward
An joint disorder AE that has an outcome of joint inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the joints
an abnormal enzyme level AE which has an outcome of incraesed lactate dehydrogenase level, which is greater than the normal concentration of this enzyme, which catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate
increased lactate dehydrogenase level AE
an abnormal enzyme level AE which has an outcome of increased circulating alkaline phophatase level, which is an elevated activity of this enzyme, which hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters, found in the blood
increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level AE
A joint inflammation AE that has an outcome of arthritis, marked by changes in the synovial membranes and thickening of articular structures, widespread degeneration of the collagen fibers in connective tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of dysphagia, which is a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of difficulty in swallowing food or liquid
an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of decreased lateral semicircular canal size, which is small size of the lateral long bony tube of the labyrinth that is involved in the sense of balance
decreased lateral semicircular canal size AE
a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of decreased platelet count, which is fewer than the normal numbers of the non-nucleated cells found in the blood and involved in blood coagulation
an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of nausea, a gastric discomfort associated with the inclination to vomit
an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of vomiting, the retrograde expulsion of gastric contents through the oral cavity
an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of constipation, which is incomplete, infrequent or difficult evacuation of fecal matter
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'constipation'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 242 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of abnormal defecation, an anomaly in the production and excretion of feces
a urinary system AE that has an outcome of the symptom of urinary incontinence, which is the inability to control the urinary excretory functions.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/urinaryincontinence.html
clonus AE is a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and relaxations.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonus
clonus AE causes large motions that are usually initiated by a reflex.
clonus AE
a skin discoloration AE which has an outcome of pallor, an unnatural paleness to the skin, generally attributable to anemia
an hearing disorder AE that shows a persistent sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, or other noises in the ear
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of stomatitis, which is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stomatitis
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of mouth mucosal ulceration, which is lesions through the mucous membrane of the mouth, usually associated with loss of tissue
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'mouth ulceration' was mentioned in 246 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of abnormal muscle tone, which is an anomaly in the resting tautness or laxity of a muscle, normally somewhere in the middle of the range between total contraction and total relaxation
an abnormal muscle tone AE which has an outcome of hypertonia, which is increased muscle tension resulting in stiffness of the muscles in the resting state
an abnormal muscle tone AE which has an outcome of hypotonia, which is decreased muscle tension resulting in limpness of the muscles in the resting state, not to be confused with weakness
a muscle inflammation AE which has an outcome of myositis, which is an inflammation of skeletal muscle; local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the striated muscle
a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of muscle inflammation, which is a local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in muscle
a lymphocyte count abnormal AE that has an outcome of greater than normal number of the cells involved in adaptive immune reactions of the body in most inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including B cells, T cells and natural killer cells
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'lymphocytosis'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 129 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of diarrhea, which is abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or fluid fecal matter from the bowel
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diarrhea
a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of hypoxia, which is a reduced concentration of O2 in the blood, alveoli or other tissues resulting in the decreased pressure of this component of body gases
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoxia
an infectious adverse event which has an outcome of the presence of various pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues that results in the infections in blood stream.
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sepsis' was mentioned in 416 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
a urinary system AE that results in the presence of blood in the urine
UMLS CUI: C0018965 (hematuria AND haematuria); UMLS CUI: C0947999 (blood urine presence)
WEB: http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/hematuria/
Hematuria AE can be caused by menstruation, vigorous exercise, sexual activity, viral illness, trauma, or infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), along with more serious disorders such as cancer, disease, and clotting.
a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal enzyme level, which is an altered level of any enzyme or their cofactors, that act as catalysts to induce chemical changes in other substances
an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of fewer than average resting heart beats per minute, usually measured by the number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time, usually per minute
an adverse event that has an outcome of urinary system AE is a functional anomaly of any of the organs involved in the production or excretion of urine
an abnormal body temperature AE which has an outcome of decreased body temperature, which is less than the level of heat natural to a living being
Hypothermia AE is a medical emergency that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature.
a homeostasis AE whic has an outcome of abnomal body temperature, which is a deviation in the level of heat natural to a living being
a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of neuritis, the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain and/or spinal cord
an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of double vision, which is two images perceived when only a single object is present
an anemia AE which has an outcome of hypochromic anemia, which is a hemoglobin deficiency resulting from a reduction in the concentration of hemoglobin in red cells, resulting in insufficient oxygenation of tissues and organs
an adverse event that is indicated by an abnormal result of an investigation that uses some laboratory equipment, device, or medical technology.
This term is used to replace 'lab test abnormal AE'. The reason for this is that some test, like X-ray test, is not considered by many physicians as a lab test. Therefore, we have used this new term to cover a broader scope. All terms asserted under this term represent the investigation results without defined conclusion of disease.
investigation result abnormal AE
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of nervous
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'nervousness' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 583 VAERS reports (0.5%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
increased, skittish, behavior induced by stimulation such as handling, touching or noise
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of ecchymosis
an ecchymosis is a spot caused by loss of blood from a vessel; it implies a larger size than a petechiae, and has a more diffuse border than purpura; an ecchymosis can be caused by a bruise (which implies trauma), but can also be caused by bleeding diathesis
serious adverse event is an adverse event that requires in-patient hospitalization, or prolongation of existing hospitalization, or that causes congenital malformation, or that results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, or that is life threatening or results in death.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serious_adverse_event
WEB: http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CA4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irrd.ca%2Fethics%2Fimages%2FAdverse-event-definition.doc&ei=eqFMS-yFNZSoswOt6siKAQ&usg=AFQjCNGnQcwI8OXH7dqxwo4RgZEEn8X6lg&sig2=UNngkCdO5ZTFvbIB1pKuaA
a serious adverse event that has an outcome of death.
a serious AE that is suspected to put the patient at substantial risk of dying at the time of the adverse event, or that the use or continued use of the device or other medical product might have resulted in the death of the patient.
a serious adverse event that leads to hospitalization. Such an adverse event resulted in an admission to the hospital or prolongation of hospitalization.
adverse event leading to hospitalization
a serious adverse event that leads to disability or permanent damage. Such an adverse event results in a substantial disruption of a person's ability to conduct normal life functions, i.e., the adverse event resulted in a significant, persistent or permanent change, impairment, damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities and/or quality of life.
a serious adverse event that resulted in congenital anomaly and bith defect, leading to suspicions that an exposure to a medical product prior to conception or during pregnancy resulted in an adverse outcome in the child.
adverse event leading to congenital anomaly
WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/birth+defect
a serious adverse event which is an adverse event that requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage leads to suspicions that the use of a medical product may result in a condition which requires a medical or surgical intervention to preclude permanent impairment or damage to a patient.
adverse event that requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage
an adverse event that is considered not serious.
low-grade fever AE is a fever adverse event with a temperature between 100° F and 102.2° F (37.8° C and 39° C).
WEB: http://www.toyourhealth.com/mpacms/tyh/article.php?id=1521
The low-grade level of fever is beneficial. With most microbes/"bugs" that a child will be exposed to, this fever will assist the body in repelling the invader.
moderate-grade fever AE is a fever adverse event with a temperature typically between 102.2° F and 104.5° F (39° C and 40° C).
This moderate-grade fever temperature is still considered beneficial. If a child's body has reached this temperature, it's what's needed to kill whatever bacteria or virus their body is attempting to fight.
high-grade fever AE is a fever adverse event with a fever temperature greater than 104.5° F (40° C).
This fever may cause the child some discomfort and result in crankiness. Generally indicative of a bacterial infection, this fever means that the body is fighting something more serious than the common cold.
hyperpyrexia AE is a fever adverse event that has an outcome of an excessive and unusual elevation of set body temperature greater than or equal to 41 °C. It is an extremely high fever. Such a high temperature is considered a medical emergency as it may indicate a serious underlying condition such as sepsis.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpyrexia
a pain AE that has an outcome of musculoskeletal pain
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/musculoskeletal-pain
Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects the muscles, ligaments and tendons, along with the bones.
injection-site erythema AE is an erythema AE that results in redness of skin, caused by hyperermia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin at the physical area of injection
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/erythema
Erythema AE is a skin adverse event that showns redness of the skin caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.
a headache AE that has an outcome of sinus headache
WEB: http://american-rhinologic.org/patientinfo.headache.phtml
sinus headache is a headache located over the sinuses, (forehead, corners of the eye, and cheek areas). On occasion, the pain will be felt behind the eyes, in the back of the neck, or may extend into the upper teeth.
an inflammation AE that occurs in the lung. It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (that is, the alveoli) and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia
lobar pneumonia is pneumonia AE that affects a large and continuous area of the lobe of a lung
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobar_pneumonia
axillary pain AE is a pain AE that occurs in the underarm (the area on the human body directly under the join where the arm connects to the shoulder)
an cardiovascular adverse event that is a collection of blood outside the blood vessels, generally the result of hemorrhage, or more specifically, internal bleeding. It is commonly called a bruise.
YH: MedDRA ID: 10018852 is for "haematoma"; MedDRA ID: 10019428 is for "hematoma".
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematoma
CTCAE: E13775 (hematoma); CTCAE: E11666 (brruising)
NCIt: C37921 (Bruising); NCIt: C50579 (Hematoma)
reproductive system AE is an AE that occurs in the reproductive system.
an immune system disorder AE which has an outcome of antinuclear antibody negative
a CSF test result abnormal AE that has an outcome of CSF white blood cell count negative
a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of positive influenza serology test result
a paralysis AE that has an outcome of VIIth nerve paralysis
VIIth nerve paralysis AE
an aspartate aminotransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of AST, an enzyme normally present in body tissues especially of the heart and liver
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aspartate+aminotransferase
aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE
an incorrect dose administration that accidentally uses overdose
accidental overdose in medical intervention
an immune system disorder AE which has an outcome of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_disseminated_encephalomyelitis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated disease of the brain. It usually occurs following a viral infection but may appear following vaccination, bacterial or parasitic infection, or even appear spontaneously. As it involves autoimmune demyelination, it is similar to multiple sclerosis, and is considered part of the Multiple sclerosis borderline diseases.
an arrhythmia AE that involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/atrial+fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm), and involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart. Its name comes from the fibrillating (i.e., quivering) of the heart muscles of the atria, instead of a coordinated contraction.
a cardiac disorder AE which has an outcome of abnormal heart rhythm
WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/arr/
a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by a condition of the heart in which one of the valve openings has become narrow and restricts the flow of blood from the upper left chamber (left atrium) to the lower left chamber (left ventricle).
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mitral+valve+stenosis
a blood creatinine level abnormal AE that has an outcome of decreased blood creatine
a carbon dioxide abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased level of carbon dioxide in the blood
A contraindication that is specifically for vaccination.
an infection adverse event that has an outcome of croup infection
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/croup/article.htm
Croup is an infectious illness of the respiratory system involving the vocal cords (larynx), the windpipe (trachea), and the upper airways of the lungs (bronchial tubes). The majority of a child's symptoms reflect involvement of the larynx. Croup is usually a viral infection and maybe caused by many different viruses, including those responsible for the common cold and influenza. Rarely, croup is caused by a bacterial infection.
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of the drawing of a foreign substance into the respiratory tract during inhalation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aspiration
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of the removal of gas or fluid from the pleural cavity of the lungs
a skin adverse event which has an outcome of excoriation AE is an injury to a surface of the body caused by trauma, such as scratching, abrasion, or a chemical or thermal burn.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/excoriation
a pain AE that has an outcome of facial pain
WEB: http://www.bettermedicine.com/article/facial-pain
facial pain is a pain in facial area (eyes, eyebrows, forehead, nose, cheeks, mouth, teeth and chin). Facial pain may include injuries to the nerves or bones that coordinate many of your face’s actions.
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal full blood count
a reflexes decreased AE that has an outcome of hyporeflexia
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyporeflexia
hyporeflexia is the condition of below normal or absent reflexes. Hyporeflexia is generally associated with a lower motor neuron deficit (at the alpha motor neurons from the spinal cord to muscle).
a tumor AE that is characterized by cancer in the brain
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/astrocytoma
a medical intervention that uses incorrect dose
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of collapse in part of or all of a lung
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001130/
an influenza serology positive AE that has an outcome of positive result in an influenza virus test
joint range of motion decreased AE is a mobility decreased AE that results in limited or decreased range of joint motion
a muscle spasm AE which has an outcome of laryngospasm, which is an uncontrolled/involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the laryngeal cords. The condition typically lasts less than 60 seconds, and causes a partial blocking of breathing in, while breathing out remains easier. It may be triggered when the vocal cords or the area of the trachea below the cords detects the entry of water, mucus, blood, or other substance. It is characterized by stridor and or retractions.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngospasm
a lymphocyte percentage abnormal AE that has an outcome of decreased lymphocyte percentage
a monocyte percentage abnormal AE that has an outcome of increased monocyte percentage
a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal nuclear magnetic resonance imaging test of the brain
nuclear magnetic resonance imaging brain abnormal AE
periorbial edema AE is an edema AE that has an outcome of swelling around the eye.
MedDRA: 10034545 is for "periorbital edema"; MedDRA: 10054541 is for "periorbital oedema"
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periorbital_puffiness
Periorbital puffiness, also known as "puffy eyes" or swelling around the eyes, refers to the appearance of swelling in the tissues around the eyes, called the orbits.
a physical quality of a process that shows a positive result of a pregnancy test.
a blood magnesium abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormally high concentration of magnesium in the blood plasma, and may cause nausea, weakness and tremors.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/246489-overview
hypermagnesemia AE
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation feeling of foreign body
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation feeling of heaviness
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a loss of sensation
a skin adverse event that has an outcome of skin exfoliation
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of stomach discomfort
an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of autoantibodies present
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/autoantibody
a wheezing AE which has an outcome of stridor, a high pitched wheezing sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway. It is primarily inspiratory. It can be indicative of serious airway obstruction from severe conditions such as epiglottitis, a foreign body lodged in the airway, or a laryngeal tumor.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stridor
stridor AE
a skin AE that shows a result of skin ulcer, i.e., a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer_%28dermatology%29
an incorrect dose administration that uses underdose
underdose adminstration in medical intervention
a respiratory tract congestion AE which has an outcome of upper respiratory tract congestion
upper respiratory tract congestion AE
a urinary system investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a urine analysis abnormality
a urine analysis result abnomal AE that shows ketone body present in urine
a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the liver that occurs when immune cells mistake the liver's normal cells for harmful invaders and attack them
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001291/
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of vaginal hemorrhage
MedDRA: 10046910 is for "vaginal haemorrhage"; MedDRA: 10046912 is for "vaginal hemorrhage"
WEB: http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/Military_OBGYN/Textbook/AbnormalBleeding/Bleeding.htm
vaginal hemorrhage is irregular/heavy bleeding from the vagina. Vaginal hemorrhage is more often associated with pregnancy complications such as miscarriage or placental abruption, but certainly can occur in the absence of pregnancy.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation
a cardiovascular disorder AE which has an outcome of vasodilatation, which refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins.
a bacterial infection AE that has an outcome of bacteria in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bacteremia
a sepsis AE caused by bacterial infection in the bloodstream or body tissues
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sepsis
a skin AE that has an outcome of a slow-growing nonmelanoma skin cancer
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001827/
a basophil count abnormal AE that is characterized by increase in the number of basophils in the body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basophil+granulocyte
an ulcer AE that is characterized by ulcers in the mouth that may decrease ocular functionality
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/behcet's+disease
a musculoskeletal system AE that has an outcome of low muscle tone
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypotonia
a female reproductive system AE that has an outcome of a non-fertilized egg that implants itself in the uterus and turns a normal pregnancy into an abnormal one
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hydatidiform+mole
a benign tumor AE that has an outcome of a benign tumor in their ovaries
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a blockage in the tubes that carry bile from the liber to the gallbladder and small intestine
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000263.htm
a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of dilating or stretching of the bile duct
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21843715
an eating disorder that is characterized by episodes of uncontrollable eating.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/binge+eating
an eye disorder AE that has an outcome of binocular eye movement disorder where control and alignment of eyes are compromised
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201436 Secondary Source: http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/119/6/1933.full.pdf
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the bladder, the body part that holds and releases urine in the center of the lower belly area
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001517/
a blast cell count abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of immature precursors of either lymphocytes or granulocytes that do not normally appear in peripheral blood. May indicate acute leukemia
WEB: http://meds.queensu.ca/medicine/deptmed/hemonc/anemia/blast.htm
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a sudden, severe change in the course of chronic granulocytic leukemia with an increase in the proportion of myeloblasts
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blast+crisis
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of myeloblasts or myeloid blasts. Presence of these abnormal blasts prevent production of adequate platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells, can be associated with leukemia
WEB: http://lymphoma.about.com/od/glossary/ss/Blast-Cells.htm
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of the last stage of chronic myelogenous leukemia characterized by rapid progression and short survival with an increase of myeloblasts or lymphoblasts in the blood or bone marrow
blast crisis in myelogenous leukaemia AE
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blast+crisis , Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23171293
an eye inflammation AE that has an outcome of swelling in the eyelids, usually where eyelash follicles are located
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002586/
a blood albumin level abnormal AE with an outcome of a decrease in the amount of albumin, a protein made by the liver
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003480.htm
a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood
blood alkaline phosphatase level abnormal AE
a blood alkaline phosphatase abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/alkaline+phosphatase
a blood alkaline phosphatase abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups. a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of ALP, an isoenzyme that removes phosphate groups commonly found in the bile ducts but also found in the bone
a distal neuropathy AE which shows a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms. It is caused by the loss of myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cidp/cidp.htm
chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy AE
a blood amylase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of amylase, an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates; may indicate disease or inflammation of the pancreas
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003464.htm
a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal amount of bilirubin in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilirubin
a blood bilirubin level abnormal AE with an outcome of a increased amount of bilirubin, or a yellow breakdown product (broken down hemoglobin) of normal heme catabolism, in the blood
a physical quality that has a decreased amount of calcium in the bloodstream
A physical quality that has an decreased level of chloride ion in the blood, excessive loss may be due to sweating, vomiting and adrenal gland/kidney disease
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9940
a blood cholesterol abnormal AE with the result of an increase in cholesterol level in the blood
an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal levels of creatine phosphokinase in the blood
blood creatine phosphokinase level abnormal AE
a blood creatinine level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased level of creatinine in the blood (due to lack of kidney activity)
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/creatinine
an infection adverse event that has an outcome of bacteria or yeasts in the blood
WEB: http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/blood-culture/tab/test
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of disease in the blood, a living tissue made up of plasma and red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Blood disorders affect one or more parts of the blood and prevent the blood from doing this job.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/blooddisorders.html
a blood folate abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased level of folate in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/folate
a blood glucose level abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease of glucose levels in blood
a blood glucose level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased glucose level in blood
a blood homocysteine level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased levels of homocysteine in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/homocysteine
an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that results in an increased immunoglobulin a level in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/immunoglobulin+A
blood immunoglobulin A level increased AE
a blood lactate dehydrogenase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of LDH, an enzyme that could indicate tissue damage
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003471.htm
blood lactate dehydrogenase level increased AE
A physical quality that has an decreased level of magnesium, a mineral involved in nerve signaling and bone health. Deficiency can cause spasms, and muscular cramps.
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4243
a blood parathyroid hormone level abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in the level of parathyroid hormone in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/parathyroid+hormone
A physical quality that has an decreased level of decreased phosphorus in the blood
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003478.htm
a physical quality where the blood potassium level is decreased.
a hypotension AE that has an outcome of a decrease in the amount of pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/low-blood-pressure/DS00590/DSECTION=causes
a hypotension AE that has an outcome of immeasurable blood pressure
A physical quality that has an decreased level of sodium concentration in the blood
a blood thromboplastin level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in the level of thromboplastin in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thromboplastin
a blood urea level abnormal AE with an outcome of a decreased amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, below 7 to 21 mg of urea per 100 ml
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blood+urea+nitrogen
a blood urea level abnormal AE that results in an increase in amount of urea in blood
a blood uric acid level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in uric acid in the blood; excess purines may accumulate in tissues and form crystals
WEB: http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/hyperuricemia-high-uric-acid.aspx
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of a cyst that forms on the bone
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bone+cyst
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of surgery to clean and flush out the infected bone
WEB: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Osteomyelitis
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of an anomlay in the growth or structure of a bone
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20972590
a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce normal amounts of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
WEB: http://en.diagnosispro.com/differential_diagnosis-for/bx-bone-marrow-biopsy-hypocellular/29777-154.html
WEB: http://www.drugs.com/condition/bone-marrow-depression-low-blood-counts.html
Bone marrow produces three types of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Bone marrow depression is characterized by an inability or reduced ability of the bone marrow to produce these cells. A low blood count can involve just one or all three types of blood cells.
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of disease in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside of some bones that contain stem cells that can develop into red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html
a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of an insufficient amount of red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets, associated with fanconii anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, and aplastic anemia
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23271412
a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of an excess formation of connective tissue in the bone marrow
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246040
a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of the decrease in cells responsible for providing immunity, carrying oxygen and blood clotting
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12806941
a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of the replacement of damaged bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003009.htm
a swelling AE that results in swelling around a bone
a skin adverse event that has an outcome of an early stage of squamous cell carcinoma
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bowen's+disease
a bradycardia AE that results in a decreased heart rate in a neonate
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10822186
an edema AE that has an outcome of edema or swelling of the extravascular compartment from uptake of water in the gray and white matter
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+edema
a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancer in the breast
a breast cancer AE that has an outcome of cancerous cells spreading to the breast
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001911/
a breast cancer AE that has an outcome of breast cancer at the stage III level
an infection AE that results in the breast becoming infected
a pain AE that results in pain in the breast
a reproductive system AE that has an outcome of pain or discomfort in the breast, may be caused by small benign tumors
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979747
a pneumonia AE that has an outcome of acute inflammation of the walls of the smaller bronchial tubes, with irregular areas of consolidation due to spread of inflammation into peribronchiolar alveoli and the alveolar ducts of the lungs
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bronchopneumonia
an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of an exaggerated response of the immune system to the fungus Aspergillus
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bronchopulmonary+aspergillosis
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bronchospasm
a sensory capability AE that results in a feeling of burning
a syndrom AE that has an outcome of a wasting syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue, and loss of appetite, often occurs with cancer.
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Wasting+Syndrome Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279159
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the caecum, part of the large intestine
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/caecitis
an endocrine system AE that has an outcome of deficiency of calcium in the body
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of self-reversing episodes during which the endothelial cells which line the capillaries are thought to separate for a few days, allowing for a leakage of fluid from the circulatory system to the interstitial space, resulting in hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypoalbuminemia
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22873043
a cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in a type of protein typically associated with tumors and the developing fetus
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/carcinoembryonic_antigen/article.htm
a tumor AE that has an outcome of a carcinoid tumor that forms somewhere in the body
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307266
a blood chloride abnormal AE with an outcome of decrease in amount of chloride ion in the blood, excessive loss may be due to sweating, vomiting and adrenal gland/kidney disease
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochloremia
hypochloremia AE
a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in the inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+failure
a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in an inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/congestive+heart+failure Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676684
a surgery that implants a cardiac pacemaker, a device that supplies electrical impulses to the heart to maintain the heartbeat at a regular rate
WEB: http://www.mdguidelines.com/cardiac-pacemaker-insertion
a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of disease involving one or more of the valves of the heart
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/valvular+heart+disease
a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of a disorder involving the ventricle(s) in the heart
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventricular Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15473469
a hypotension AE that has an outcome of the inability of the heart to supply enough blood to the organs of the body because of heart damage
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001237/
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of deterioration of the function of the myocardium, usually leads to heart failure
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiomyopathy
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of heart electrophysiology dysfunction and/or muscle damage. Is not efficient at pumping/circulating blood
a coronary artery disorder AE that results in lesion in carotid artery
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8198401
a musculoskeletal system AE that has an outcome of loss of muscle tone due to emotional responses like laughing and crying
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cataplexy
a eye disorder AE that results in cloudiness that develops in the eye
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cataract
a sugery AE that has an adverse outcome related to the use of catheter, a thin tube inserted in the body
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/catheter Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306712
an infection AE that has an outcome of an infection (e.g., bacterial colonisation) at the catheter site
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8825104
a bacterial infection AE that is located at the catheter site
a sugery AE that has an adverse outcome at the site where a catheter was used
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/catheter Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23074085
a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of a problem after inserting a catheter into the heart
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+catheterization
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an acute loss of function of the lumbar plexus
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23230403
a bacterial infection AE that is located at the central-line catheter site
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7580945
an infection AE that is located in the central nervous system
a tumor AE that has an outcome of lymphoma in the central nervous system
an ataxia AE that is located in the cerebellum
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23283615
a brain disorder AE that has an outcome of an inherited brain disorder that affects muscle coordination, may involve the tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target, tremors and impaired rhythm
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebellar_syndrome.htm
a brain disorder AE with the outcome of hemorrhage or blood in the brain
a brain disorder AE that results in the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cerebral+ischaemia
a nervous system AE that has an outcome of pain or another sensation in the patient's neck and shoulder region
WEB: http://www.mdguidelines.com/cervicobrachial-syndrome/definition
a skin AE that has an outcome of dry lips caused by the evaporation of moisture.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9433089
an inflammation AE that occurs in the lip
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cheilitis
a skin AE that has an outcome of a burn due to chemicals on the skin
a discomfort AE that has an outcome of pain in the chest
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chest+pain
a progressive tumor AE that has an outcome of multiple, malignant, localized green masses of abnormal cells, usually myeloblasts, especially beneath the periosteum of the skull, spine and ribs
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chloroma
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of infection in the common bile duct, usually by bacterial infection
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001335/
a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of a condition in which the flow of bile from the liver is slowed or blocked
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001263/
an adverse event that has an outcome of calcium crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate accumulated in the connective tissues of the patient
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chondrocalcinosis
a cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal chromosome pattern
WEB: http://www.miscarriageclinic.co.uk/causes-and-treatments/chromosome-abnormality/
a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of a chemotherapy-induced neuropathy that affects nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
WEB: http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/chemotherapyeffects/peripheralneuropathy/peripheral-neuropathy-caused-by-chemotherapy-what-is-cipn
chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy AE
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of cancer of the white blood cells characterized by increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chronic+myelogenous+leukemia
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of cancer of the white blood cells characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood. May transform from chronic myeloid leukaemia to acute myeloid leukaemia
chronic myeloid leukaemia transformation AE
WEB: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/41246
chronic myeloid leukemia transformation AE
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of breathing difficulty with two main forms: chronic bronchitis and emphysema
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001153/
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease AE
a respiratory system AE that results in inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+failure
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the cavities around the nasal passages
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/chronic-sinusitis/DS00232
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of lymphatic fluid accumulating in the pleural cavity, the space between two pleura of the lungs
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chylothorax
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of insufficient circulation without congestive heart failure
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/circulatory+collapse
a bacterial infection AE that has an outcome of invasion by anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium, can cause tetanus and botulism
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/clostridium_difficile_colitis/page2.htm
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of bacterial infection by clostridium difficile colitis, commonly results in diarrhea and colitis
a coagulation factor v level abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased level of the factor V protein in the coagulation system of the body
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22781721
an inflammation AE that occurs at the large intestine
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002112/
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a collapsed lung, refering to the space between the wall of the chest cavity and the lung filling with air, causing all or a portion of the lung to collapse
a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the large intestine or the rectum
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001308/
a colon AE that has an outcome of cancerous cells spreading to the colon
WEB: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/metastatic
a colon cancer AE that has an outcome of colon cancer at stage IV
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the large intestine or rectum.
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of cancer in the large intestine and the rectum. When metastatic, the cancer has already spead to distant sites and is considered stage IV.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22642873
an imaging investigation result abnormal AE that has an abnormal result of an imaging method in which a cross-sectional image of the structures in a body plane is reconstructed by a computer program from the x-ray absorption of beams projected through the body in the image plane
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/computerized+tomography , Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23271098
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/computed+tomography
computerized tomography result abnormal AE
an adverse event that has an outcome of progression of underlying conditions that may affect drug distribution or metabolism
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Concomitant+disease
an adverse event that has an outcome of condition that worsens
a congenital abnormality AE that has an outcome of an abnormality in heart which is present at birth
WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/congenital+heart+defect
a cardiomyopathy AE that is characterized by the walls of the heart chambers stretching to hold a greater volume of blood than normal
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/congestive+cardiomyopathy
an eye disorder AE that has an outcome of a problem involving the insides of the patient's eyelids
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/conjunctiva
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of a bright hemorrhagic patch on the bulbar conjunctiva caused by rupture and bleeding of a superficial small capillary due to increased pressure
an adverse event that has an outcome of disease in the biological tissue that supports, binds together and protects organs
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/connective+tissue+disease
an eye disorder AE that has a result of the inability to use contact lenses
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a positive coombs test, which is a blood test that identifies the causes of anemia
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Coombs'+Tests
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/test
a behavior and neurological AE that results in a loss of coordination
a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of treatment involving the stenotic coronary arteries in the heart
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/coronary+angioplasty
a coronary artery disorder AE that has an outcome of an blockage in the coronary artery
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22953315
a coronary artery disorder AE that has an outcome of an insufficient amount of blood circulates through the coronary arteries
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/coronary+insufficiency
a tumor AE that has an outcome of a brain tumor derived from the embryonic tissue of the pituitary gland
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/craniopharyngioma
a c-reactive protein level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of CRP, a protein that measure general levels of inflammation in the body
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/c-reactive-protein-crp
moved "c-reactive protein increased AE" from "cardiac AE" to "lab test abnormal AE" EB
a nervous system AE that has an outcome of increased pressure in the skull
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intracranial+pressure
a urine analysis result abnormal AE that has an outcome of high bacterial colonization counts in the urine
WEB: http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urine-culture/tab/test
an inflammation AE that has an outcome of inflamed blood vessels in the skin
WEB: http://dermnetnz.org/vascular/vasculitis.html
a urinary system AE that has an outcome of cystitis with severe hemorrhage, a dose-limiting toxic condition with administration of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide or a complication of bone marrow transplantation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhagic+cystitis
a genetic disorder AE that has an outcome of an atypical number of chromosomes or a structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes
an inflammation AE that has an outcome of release of cytokines by T cells that causes inflammation
WEB: http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/cytokine+release+syndrome
a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of liver cells carrying excess water, causing inflammation along with hepatitis
WEB: http://www.thirdage.com/hc/c/q/hepatitis/1550008/what-is-cytolytic-hepatitis
an inflammation AE that results in the inflammation of the colon
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22874621
a viral infection AE that is caused by cytomegalovirus
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cytomegalovirusinfections.html
a skin AE that has an outcome of shedding of the dead skin cells from the scalp
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dandruff
a surgery that performs a medical removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Debridement
WEB: http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/Ce-Fi/Debridement.html
a skin ulcer AE that has an outcome of localized injuries to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence as a result of pressure
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pressure+ulcer
a venous thrombosis that is characterized by a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body. Blood clots occur when blood thickens and clumps together. Most deep vein blood clots occur in the lower leg or thigh. They also can occur in other parts of the body.
WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/dvt/
Moved from Cardiac AE to thombosis AE by LB
a psychiatric disorder AE that results in a decline in level of cognitive function
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/delirium
a tooth disorder AE that has an outcome of bacterial infection that causes demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues, resulting in dental cavities
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dental+caries
a sensory capability AE that results in a lower level of arousal than normal
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23167919
a dermatitis ae that is characterized by the eruption of papules and pustules, typically on the face, scalp, upper chest and back.
WEB: https://www.medify.com/conditions/acneiform-dermatitis
a dermatitis ae that is characterized by an inflammatory skin disease with erythmea and scaling, that has an outcome of widespread scaling of the skin, often with itching, skin redness and hair loss
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001610.htm
a muscle AE that has an outcome of muscle weakness, inflammation, skin rash and difficulty swallowing
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001842/
a motor neuropathy AE that has an outcome of poor coordination
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001533.htm
an injury and procedural complication AE that results in the dislocation of a device
an injury and procedural complication AE that results in the expulsion (vomiting) of medical device from body
an injury and procedural complication AE that results in an infection related to medical device
a coma AE which is induced by the condition that the patient has extremely high levels of sugar in the blood without ketones
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000304.htm
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal hole in the diaphragm
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288807
a paralysis AE that has an outcome of a paralyzed diaphragm
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19452391
a diarrhea AE that has an outcome of rectal bleeding and bloody diarrhea
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19292138
a diarrhea AE that has an outcome of diarrhea is caused by infection
a cardiac disorder AE with an outcome of decline in performance of one or both ventricles of the heart during the time phase of diastole, when heart filling with incoming blood
WEB: http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/diastolic+dysfunction
a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that has an outcome of enlargement of a heart chamber that pumps blood away from the heart
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1721391/
an adverse event with an outcome of worsening of the disease
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of dislocation of vertebra
a sensory capability AE that results in the senses of time, direction, and recognition of people and places becoming difficult to distinguish
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/disorientation
a hematopoietic system AE with an outcome of a serious disorder in which proteins that control blood clotting become abnormally active
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000573.htm
disseminated intravascular coagulation AE
a behavior and neurological AE that results in a loss of attention
a digestive system AE with an outcome of perforation of small sacs or pockets in the wall of the colon
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/diverticular-disease
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of infection and inflammation in the small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001303/
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the intestine due to diverticulitis
diverticulitis intestinal haemorrhagic AE
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780263/
diverticulitis intestinal hemorrhagic AE
an adverse event that has an outcome of a decreased amount of the drug excreted by the body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+clearance
an adverse drug event that results in the development of a dependence on the drug
a skin AE that has an outcome of a range of adverse drugs reactions of the skin, most commonly rashes resembling measles
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+eruption
a hypersensitivity AE that has an outcome of allergic reactions to certain drugs
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23192511
a drug AE that has an outcome of lower threshold to the normal pharmacologic action of a drug
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+intolerance
a headache AE that has an outcome of headaches due to drug withdrawal
an adverse event that results in symptoms that occur after the discontinuation of the use of a certain drug
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/withdrawal
a skin AE that is characterized by epidermis that lacks moisture, has an outcome of fine lines, scaling and itching
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+skin
a duodenum AE that has an outcome of a peptic ulcer, or a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, located in the duodenum
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001255/
a duodenal ulcer AE with an outcome of bleeding in an ulcer, or a defect, in the lining of the stomach or first part of the small intestine called the duodenum
a duodenal ulcer AE that has an outcome of perforation, or complete penetration, of an ulcer located in an area of the small intestine called the duodenum
a speech disorder that results in a motor speech disorder
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysarthria
a behavioral and neurological AE that results in difficulty reading (mixing up letters)
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dyslexia
a speech disorder AE that results in disorders of voice
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysphonia
a dyspnoea AE that has an outcome of shortness of breath during exercise, produces a sensation of not being able to get enough air
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22760109
Dysuria AE is an urinary system AE that results in painful urination
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysuria
a gustatory system AE which has an outcome of abrnormal or disturbed eating habits
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/eating+disorder
a female reproductive system AE that results in an ectopic pregnancy that occurs along with the use of an IUD
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ectopic+pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy with intrauterine device AE
a skin AE that has an outcome of a long term skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001856/
an abnormal fluid regulation AE that has an outcome of escape of a fluid into a part
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/effusion
a male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of a delay of ejaculation
a left ventricular dysfunction AE that has an outcome of decreased percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it contracts
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ejection-fraction/AN00360
a cardiac function test abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal electrical activity in the heart
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003868.htm
an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal depolarization of the right and left ventricles of the heart that is detected on an electrocardiogram test
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23238367
electrocardiogram qrs complex abnormal AE
an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a prolonged time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave in the heart's electrical cycle; a biomarker for ventricular tachyarrhythmias
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23275261
an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE in which the T wave appears increased in amplitude and cresting at a point
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301064; http://www.medaphile.com/medical-dictionary/t-wave-peaked
a homeostasis AE that has an outcome of abnormalities in electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium)
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/electrolyte+imbalance
a psychiatric disorder AE that results in an abnormal expression of emotions
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/emotional+disorder
an inflammation AE that occurs in the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002088/
a digestive system AE with an outcome of inflammation in the intestine, especially the small intestine
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/enteritis
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of disease in the digestive tract caused by infection
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/enterocolitis
an digestive system AE that has an outcome of an infection by enteric viruses or enterotoxigenic bacterias, usually in the intestines, that presents with diarrhea, abdominal pain, perianal discomfort, incontinence and hemorrhage.
an eosinophil count abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that becomes active with allergic diseases and infections
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003649.htm
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of higher than normal levels of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/eosinophilia/MY00399
a male reproductive system AE that results in the inability to develop/maintain an erection of penis
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction
a skin AE that has an outcome of an infection caused by a Streptococcus bacteria that causes blisters, fever and skin lesion and sores
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001643/
a psoriasis AE that has an outcome of psoriasis that affects all sites on the body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psoriatic+erythroderma
a bacterial infection AE with an outcome of invasion by Escherichia coli bacteria, commonly found in the lower intestine and can cause serious food poisoning, but can also be found in various parts of body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/escherichia+coli
a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a positive escherichia test
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Escherichia
an urinary tract infection AE that has an outcome of infection caused by E. coli bacteria
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/urine_infection/article.htm
a connective tissue AE that has an outcome of excess perfused, fibrous connective tissue that replaces a fibrin clot in healing wounds.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594571
a rash AE that has an outcome of erythema, desquamation, scaling, itching of the skin and loss of hair
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/exfoliative+dermatitis
a congenital abnormality that results in a weakness of the baby's abdominal wall where the umbilical cord joins it. This weakness allows the abdominal contents to protrude outside the abdominal cavity
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/exomphalos
an injury and procedural complication AE that results in the patient being exposed to a contaminated device
a procedural complication AE that results in the patient being exposed to a toxic agent
an abscess AE that results in a collection of pus between a person's skull and dura
WEB: http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/dtc/primsurg/docbook/html/x1217.html
a paresis AE that results in a partial loss of voluntary movement in their extraocular muscles
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22824489
coagulopathy AE results in the impairment of blood to clot causing ecessive or prolonged bleeding.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulopathy
coagulopathy AE
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of hemorrhage occuring in the blood vessels in the eye
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/bleeding-in-the-eye
a eye disorder AE that has an outcome of swelling in the tissues around the eyes, called the orbits, caused by fluid buildup
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21115963
an eye edema AE that has an outcome of swelling in either or both the lower and upper eyelids, due to fluid buildup or inflammation in the delicate tissues surrounding the eye.
WEB: http://www.localhealth.com/article/eyelid-swelling
A pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal AE that displays the result of failure to thrive (FTT), which refers to a baby or child that is not developing as well as desired.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000991.htm
WEB: http://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=failure-to-thrive-90-P02297
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of patient falling
a behavior and neurological AE that results in the extreme fear of needles
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23225704
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of inadequate blood cell formation by bone marrow accompanied by a fever
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Bone+marrow+aplasia
a fever AE that has an outcome of an infection along/because of a fever
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/febrile
a neutropenia AE, generally a complication of chemotherapy, that has an outcome of an abnormally low neutrophil granulocyte count, accompanied by fever
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23303687
an injury and procedural complication AE that has an outcome of an complication due to the use of enteral feeding tube
WEB: http://www.thirdage.com/hc/p/197842/what-is-tube-feeding
a sensory capabilty AE that results in the patient feeling different than normal after a medical intervention such as taking drug
Feeling hot AE is a feeling abnormal AE that a patient feels hot.
a hypoaesthesia AE that has an outcome of a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli in the oral area
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoesthesia
a fistula AE that has an outcome of discharge that occurs as the result of the connection between two body cavities
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=fistula%20discharge%20%5BTI%5D
an abnormal fluid regulation AE with an outcome of decrease in ingestion of water or other fluids
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of too much fluid in the blood, can occur due to increase in total body sodium
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22827112
a hyperplasia AE that has an outcome of a benign tumor in the liver
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/focal+nodular+hyperplasia
a congenital abnormality disorder AE that has an outcome of a decreased heart rate in a fetus
a skin AE with the outcome disease involving of one more more hair follicles, commonly displays rash, itching and pustules near the hair follicles
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001826/
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of a decreased volume of air expired from the lungs
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/forced+expiratory+volume
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of fracture located in the arm
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Fractures
a full blood count abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in full blood cell count
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/full+blood+count
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the esophagus due to fungus
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002138/
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal enlargement in the size of the gallbladder
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal hole in the patient's gallbladder
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gallbladder+perforation
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal growth (accumulation of mucous membrane tissue) in the gallbladder
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556839
an arrhythmia AE that results in an abnormal heart sound
WEB: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/20/6/1053.full.pdf
a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal level of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT); GGT is involved in the transfer of amino acids across the cellular membrane
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003458.htm
gamma-glutamyltransferase level abnormal AE
a gamma-glutamyltransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase enzyme presence in the liver
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258530
gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE
a gastric disorder AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the stomach
a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancer in the stomach
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stomach+cancer
a gastric disorder AE that has an outcome of a defect in the lining of the stomach
a gastric disorder AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the lining of the stomach
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002135/
a gastritis AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the stomach mucosa
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2789800
a gastritis AE that has an outcome of gastric mucosal erosion caused by damage to mucosal defences
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastritis
ischemic colitis AE is a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in injury and inflammation of the large intestine due to inadequate blood supply.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_colitis
ischemic colitis AE
a gastroenteritis AE that has an outcome of disease caused by the norovirus
WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/faq.htm
a gastroenteritis AE that has an outcome of disease due to radiation
a digestive system AE that results in mucosal damage caused by acid from stomach coming up to the esophagus
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301861
a gastrointestinal disorder AE with an outcome of infection in the digestive tract caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gastrointestinal+infection
a gastrointestinal disoder AE that has an outcome of an injury in the gastrointestinal area
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23207874
a gastrointestinal disoder AE that has an outcome of premature death in cells of living tissue in the stomach and intestines
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/necrosis
an adverse event induced by administration of a bupropion drug
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in a hole in the wall of the esophagus, stomch, small intestine, large bowel, rectum or gallbladder
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001282/
a tumor AE that has an outcome of a tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, thought to grow from specialized cells found in the tract called interstitial cells of Cajal
WEB: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of poison affecting the stomach and/or intestinal tracts, often accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting
WEB: http://www.theodora.com/drugs/valcyte_tablets_roche_laboratories.html
a cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a positive test for gene mutation, deletions and duplications that could indicate large disease risk
WEB: https://www.duchenneconnect.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=346&Itemid=392&lang=en
gene mutation identification test positive AE
a systematic adverse event that has an outcome of worsening of physical health
general physical health deterioration AE
an edema AE that has an outcome of edema where causes of edema are generalized to the whole body, can cause edema in multiple organs and peripherally
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16491771
a skin ulcer AE that results in an ulcer in the genital area usually resulting from an STD
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23064541
an abscess AE that has an outcome of a gum-line of the teeth due to pus-filled sacs
WEB: http://www.mdguidelines.com/gingival-abscess
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of abnormally enlarged, bulging or protruding gums
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003066.htm
a kidney disorder AE that has an outcome of a decreased rate per minute at which the blood passes through the glomeruli or the filters in the kidneys
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007305.htm
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue or entire mouth
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/glossodynia
a glycosylated hemoglobin level abnormal AE that has an outcome of decreased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23015148
glycosylated hemoglobin level decreased AE
a hypothesis textual entity that represents a belief in likelihood of causal connection between process 1 and process 2.
belief in likelihood of causal connection between two processes
an infection AE that results in a graft infection
a sensorimotor painful neuropathy AE which has an outcome of distal sensory neuropathy characterized by damage to sensory and motor nerves
a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of detection of gram-positive bacteria
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gram+stain
a nervous system AE that results in a generalized seizure that affects the entire brain
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/grand-mal-seizure/DS00222
a granulocyte count abnormal AE that has an outcome of compromise to the immune system where the number of neutrophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, is lower than the normal range of ~1700 per microliter.
a belief in likelihood of causal connection between two processes that represents a belief in likelihood of causal connection between medical intervention m and adverse event e.
belief in likelihood of causal connection between medical intervention and adverse event
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a marked decrease in number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell filled with microscopic granules that are little sacs containing enzymes that digest microorganisms
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8817
a psorisis AE that has an outcome of psoriasis that appears on the back and extremities of the patients
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20860740
a disposition that represents the likelihood of the occurrence of an adverse event after a medical intervention.
a male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gynecomastia
an information content entity that represents evidence for indicating the causal association between an adverse event and a medical intervention.
evidence bearing on adverse event causality
a vomiting AE that results in the vomiting of blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematemesis
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of the passage of bloody stools
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematochezia
a hematocrit abnormal AE with an outcome of decreased volume percentage of red blood cells in blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematocrit
an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in a hematoma
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of toxins that destroy red blood cells, disrupt blood clotting, and/or cause organ degeneration and generalized tissue damage
A conduction system disorder AE that is a condition in which ventricular contraction is not completely synchronized due to a block in conduction of an electrical impulse to the ventricles; in LBBB, right ventricular endocardial activation begins before, and is often completed before, initiation of left ventricular endocardial activation; benign LBBB is rare; preexisting LBBB in absence of clinical evidence of heart disease is rare; newly acquired LBBB has a 10-fold ↑ in mortality Clinical Generally asymptomatic, or absent or diminished 1st heart sound–HS and reversed splitting of 2nd HS EKG Lead V1–QS or rS; lead V6–late intrinsicoid deflection, monophasic R; lead I–monophasic R Management Pacemaker, if syncope or significant arrhythmias Followup Telemetry PRN.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/left+bundle+branch+block
a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal count of hemoglobin, or iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in red blood cells
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemoglobin
a vaccination that uses an influenza vaccine
an adverse effect that occurs after a drug administration: an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure and a low platelet count
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307876
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea or lungs
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemoptysis
a nervous system AE that has an outcome of accumulation of blood within the cranial vault
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1163977-overview
a female reproductive system AE that results in a 'blood cyst' where the walls of ovarian cysts are lined with blood vessels, which when rupture fill the cyst with blood.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhoid
an information content entity that represents the outcome of the evidences used for seeking the causal association between an adverse event and a medical intervention.
outcome of adverse event causality evidence
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of bleeding in hemorrhoids, vascular structures in the anal canal which help with stool control
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of painful, swollen veins in the lower portion of the rectum or anus
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001337/
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001183/
a hair AE that has an outcome of abnormal growth of facial or body hair
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hair+growth
an information content entity that represents a score or probability that an adverse event is likely caused (induced) by a medical intervention.
adverse event causality assessment score
a hemoglobin level abnormal AE with an outcome of decrease in amount of iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells
a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of a chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and then replaced by scar tissue
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hepatic+cirrhosis
a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in amount of hepatic enzyme in body, a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of liver enzymes, commonly ALT and AST, may indicate inflammation or damage to liver cells
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/elevated-liver-enzymes/MY00508
a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/liver+failure
a liver/biliary system AE that results in incorrect blood flow to liver
WEB: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=571358
an adverse effect that occurs after administration of a vaccine.
a liver/biliary system AE with an outcome of a lesion, an abnormality in the tissue caused by disease or trauma, located in the liver
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21275132
a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of death of hepatic parenchyma which may be single cell, or multicell in piecemeal, focal, periacinar, midzonal, periportal or paracentral locations
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+necrosis
a tumor AE that has an outcome of a malignant tumor in the liver
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302476
Acanthosis nigricans AE is a skin AE that is a brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. It is usually found in body folds, such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the armpits, groin, navel, forehead, and other areas.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthosis_nigricans
a hepatitis AE that has an outcome of irritation and swelling of the liver due to infection with the heptitis B virus
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001324/
a hepatitis AE that has an outcome of liver inflammation due to a hepatitis viral infection
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/viral+hepatitis
a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of swelling of the liver
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003275.htm
a liver damage AE that has an outcome of chemically driven liver damage
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatotoxicity
an influenza vaccine administration that uses Afluria
an inflammation AE that has an outcome of an inflammatory infiltrate around the eccrine sweat gland
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hidradenitis
an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal proliferation of histiocytes, a type of immune cell that eats foreign substances
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11478
a fungal infection AE that results in an infection that occurs from breathing in the spores of the fungus Histoplasma Capsulatum
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001082.htm
A surgery where incisions are made through a woman's abdomen and uterus to deliver her baby.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cesarean+section
a urinary system AE that has an outcome of distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces, usually caused by the osbtruction of urine flow from the kidney
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hydronephrosis
a congenital abnormality AE that results in the yellowing of the skin of infants
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neonatal+jaundice
a blood calcium abnormal AE that has an outcome of an elevated calcium level in the blood, above normal range of 9-10.5 mg/dL
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypercalcemia
a skin AE that results in excess perspiration
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperhidrosis
a blood potassium abnormal AE that has a lab test outcome of an abnormally increased concentration of potassium in blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperkalemia
an abnormal fluid regulation AE that has an outcome of an excessive secretion of the parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23267748
a paresis AE that shows muscle weakness affecting the lower limbs.
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/paraparesis
paraparesis AE
a systemic hypertension AE that has an outcome of hypertension with systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure >120 mm, can be further classified as hypertensive urgency or hypertensive emergency depending on end-organ involvement
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20160537
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of high blood levels of triglycerides, abundant fatty molecules
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypertriglyceridemia
an arthritis AE that has an outcome of uric acid building up in blood and causes joint inflammation
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001459/
a blood albumin abnormal AE that shows an abnormally low level of albumin protein in the blood.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoalbuminemia
a blood calcium abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormally low calcium levels, can present with convulsions, arrythmias, tetany and numbness
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypocalcemia
a blood carbon dioxide abnormal AE in which the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood is abnormally low.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocapnia
a glucose homeostasis AE that results in a abnormally diminished content of glucose in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoglycemia
a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that is the abnormal result of the recording of the level of consciousness in a person after a brain injuiry.
WEB: http://www.brainline.org/content/2010/10/what-is-the-glasgow-coma-scale.html
Clinicians use the Galscow coma scale to rate the best eye opening response, the best verbal response, and the best motor response an individual makes. The final GCS score or grade is the sum of these numbers.
Glascow coma scale abnormal AE
a blood magnesium abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal concentration of magnesium in the blood plasma, and may cause nausea, weakness and tremors.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hypomagnesaemia
a conduction system disorder AE that refers to the slow conduction of electricity through ventricular walls of the heart.
BOOK: Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary;2005, p1134 WEB: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/reference-entries/21232773/intraventricular-conduction-delay
a gustatory system AE with an outcome of reduced food intake
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypophagia
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of abnormally low phosphate levels, can present with muscle dysfunction, white cell dysfunction, pulp chambers and mental status changes
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypophosphatemia
an endocrine system AE with the outcome of the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001393/
a cardiovascular disorder AE that is characterized by decreased blood plasma volume
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypovolemia
an influenza vaccine administration that uses Flumist
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has the outcome of severe blood and fluid loss that makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body, often leads to organ failure
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000167.htm
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of holes in the ileum of the small intestine
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ileum
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a partially or completely blocked bowel
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001306/
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of intestinal blockage in the absence of an actual physical obstruction, can be caused by a malfunction in nerves and muscles in the intestine
WEB: http://www.localhealth.com/article/paralytic-ileus
A cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal enlargement of the heart
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiomegaly
a drug adverse event that has an outcome of decreased levels of immunosuppressant drugs in the patient's body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Immunosuppresant
immunosuppressant drug level decreased AE
an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of reduced or absent immune response
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001821/
an injury AE that has an outcome of impairment to the process of restoring a state of soundness to any interupption in the continuity of external surfaces of the body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wound+healing
a pain AE that has an outcome of pain at the site of an implant
an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of no evidence bearing on a AE causal relation.
Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 32.
no evidence bearing on an adverse event causal relation
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of increased thickness of the secretions of the bronchi
increased viscosity of bronchial secretion AE
an infection AE that results in infection by a parasite
an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of increased susceptibility to infection
an infection AE that has an outcome of an increase in severity of cystic fibrosis in the patient
infective pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis AE
a medical intervention that is used for preventive purpose
a immune system AE that results in an allergic reaction to foreign protein, but can also be caused by cytokine release.
WEB: http://www.ons.org/Publications/VJC/media/ons/docs/publications/VJC/vjc-apr10cjon.pdf
an extravasation AE that has an outcome of leaking of pharmacologic or biological substance from infusion site into surrounding tissue. Symptoms include induration, erythema, swelling, burning sensation and pain
Infection AE that results in the patient gets infected at the sight of an infusion
Rash AE that results in patient has a rash at the site of infusion
an allergy AE that has an outcome of infusion site allergic reaction
a nail disorder AE that results in a nail growing into the sides of the paronychium
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ingrowing+nail
a skin discoloration AE that results in a discoloration of the skin at the site of injection of the drug
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macule
Inflammation AE that results in swelling of the veins at the site of drug injection
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phlebitis
A surgery that is a procedure to remove the lens of your eye and, in most cases, replace it with an artificial lens. Cataract surgery is used to treat a cataract
an adverse event that results in the patient developing a scab at the site of drug injection
a pain AE that results in pain at the site of instillation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/instillation
a tremor AE that results in the patient undergoing a broad, coarse, low frequency muscle tremor
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23094990
an adverse drug event that results in the intentional use of a drug in the wrong way (recreationally etc)
an incorrect dose administration AE that results in overdosing on the drug on purpose
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a disease affecting the interstitium, the tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23289473
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus or anulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disk, which may impinge on nerve roots
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/herniation+of+intervertebral+disk
an ischaemia AE that has an outcome of blocked or narrowed blood vessels to the small or large intestines, can cause pain and permanent damage to the intestines
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of a blockage that keeps substance from passing through the intestine, may be caused by fibrous bands of tissue in the abdomen, inflamed/infected pouches in the intestine, or hernias and tumors
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of perforation, or complete penetration, of the wall of the intestines
a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of thrombi in the ventricles
WEB: http://www.cvimaging.northwestern.edu/for-physicians/cardiovascular-mri/indications/intracardiac-thrombus/
a nervous system AE that has an outcome of a rise in the pressure inside the skull that can result from or cause brain injury
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000793.htm
a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal intraocular pressure in the eye
intraocular pressure test result abnormal AE
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in part of the intestine invaginating itself into another part of the intestine
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000958.htm
According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'intussusception'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 143 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543).
an anemia AE that has an outcome of fewer healthy red blood cells because the body does not have enough iron
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000584.htm
Behavior and Neurological AE that results in the patient being easily annoyed/irritated
a jaundice AE that results in an abnormal bile flow in the liver
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cholestatic+jaundice
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of disease in the set of bones that hold the teeth
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of break in the jaw bone
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000019.htm
a thrombosis AE with an outcome of formation of a blood clot located in the internal jugular vein
a bacterial infection AE with an outcome of invasion by Klebsiella pneumonia, a form of bacterial pneumonia
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17307769
a bone disorder a that results in the knee becoming deformed
a speech disorder AE that results in the inability of a patient to speak properly
a congetical abnormality AE that results in the patient's baby being larger than it should be at the time in their pregnancy
an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of an increase in the number or proportion of natural killer cells, or cytotoxic lymphocytes critical to the innate immune system
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10761014
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of an ulcer in the large intestine
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Intestinal+ulcer
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of perforation, or complete penetration, of the walls of the large intestine
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000235.htm
an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal that results in LE cells (neutrophil or macrophage that has phagocytized the denatured nuclear material of another cell) being detected
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/LE+cell
a dilatation atrial AE that results in the left atrium of the heart becoming enlarged
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096293/
a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that has an outcome of inability of the left ventricle to pump blood, may lead to heart failure
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1766527/
a left ventricular dysfunction AE that has an outcome of congestive heart failure marked by pulmonary congestion and edema, the left ventricle fals to contract forcefully enough to maintain normal cardiac output and peripheral perfusion
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/left+ventricular+failure
a left ventricular dysfunction disorder AE that has an outcome of the thickening of the myocardium of the left ventricle of the heart
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18030317
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of cancer of the white blood cells characterized by return of symptoms after remission
WEB: http://www.yourcancertoday.com/Cancers/Leukemia-Acute-Myeloid-Adult/53
a nervous system AE that has an outcome of cancerous white blood cells infiltrating the brain
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1454121
Immune system disorder AE that results in an increase in white blood cell count as a result of stress or infection
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000575.htm
an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of evidence is inadequate to accept or reject an adverse event causal relation
evidence inadequate to accept or reject an adverse event causal relation
an vasculitis AE that has an outcome of fragmented cells, and debris in the blood vessels. May develop skin lesions, accompanied by arthralgia and fever
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/leukocytoclastic+vasculitis
Urinary system AE that results in white blood cells in the urine
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/leukocyturia
an encephalopathy AE that has an outcome of brain white matter disease
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/leukoencephalopathy
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a lower than normal number of leukocytes, or nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2154209/
a psychiatric disorder AE that results in a disorder in the patient's desire for sexual interaction
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695750/
a skin AE that has an outcome of an itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001870/
a skin erosion AE that results in the deterioration of the lip skin
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of an excess of lipase, a pancreatic enzyme, may indicate a problem related to pancreas
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653991
A medical intervention that is a tube going into a vein in your chest. It will help carry nutrients and medicine into your body. It will also be used to take blood when you need to have blood tests.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm
Liver/biliary system AE that results in the disease of the liver
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/liverdiseases.html
a localized edema AE that shows the outcome of swelling.
an infection AE located in a certain area
Abnormal fluid regulation AE that results in a collection of fluid in the intraabdominal area
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intra-abdominal
localised intraabdominal fluid collection AE
an edema AE occuring in a specific region
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115975/
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of loss of the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8294975
a gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003133.htm
an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in the lower respiratory tract, includes pneumonea as well as lung abscess and acute bronchitis
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of liquid filling a region of lung tissue, marked by induration of a normally aerated lung
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/consolidation
an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in the lungs
WEB: http://www.livestrong.com/lung-infection/
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal presence of granulomas, fluid, inflammatory exudates or cells in the lung tissue
WEB: http://www.blurtit.com/q840550.html
a tumor AE that has an outcome of a malignant tumor in the lung
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Lung+neoplasm
an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of lymphadenopathy, which is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes" . It is generally a disease or inflammation of the lymph nodes, could be due to infection, auto-immune disease or malignancy
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphadenopathy
an inflammation AE occuring in the lymph vessels secondary to a malignancy
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8930034
a lymphocyte count abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased amount of lymphocytes in the blood, a type of white blood cell in the immune system
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm
a lymphocyte percentage abnormal AE that results in an increase in the levels of lymphocytes in the blood
an immune system disorder AE that results in lymphocytes being infiltrated by harmful substances
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1098654-overview
an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of an increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphocytosis
an edema AE that has an outcome of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system
WEB: Primary Source: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1087313-overview Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23073712
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphopenia
a eye disorder AE that has an outcome of cell death in the macula of the eye, destroying central vision
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/maculardegeneration.html
a male reproductive system disorder AE that results in the inability of the male to achieve an orgasm despite lengthy sexual contact
WEB: http://www.minddisorders.com/Kau-Nu/Male-orgasmic-disorder.html#b
a tumor AE that has an outcome of growth or proliferation of an abnormal mass of tissue
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19824467
an respiratory system AE that has an outcome of abnormal amount of fluid collecting between the layers of tissue lining the outside of the lung and wall of chest cavity, caused by cancer
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11529302
A surgery that is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of your colon.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/colectomy/MY00141/METHOD=print
a surgery that is performed to change the size of breasts
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mammoplasty
an arterial disorder AE that resuts in arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronaryarterydisease.html
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of bone marrow that contains an excess of blood cells
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/aplastic-anemia/DS00322/DSECTION=causes
a perinatal AE that results in the drugs being taken by the mother affecting unborn fetus in mother
an adverse event that results in a problem in the mediastinum of the patient (undelineated group of structures in the thorax surrounded by loose connective tissue)
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Mediastinal+diseases
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of abnormal dilation of the colon, often accompanied by paralysis of the peristaltic movements of the bowel
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/megacolon
Abnormal defecation AE that results in black feces associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003130.htm
Behavior and Neurological AE that results in the loss of memory
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/impaired+memory
a brain inflammation AE that results in the layers lining the brain becoming inflamed, not due to pygonenic bacteria
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aseptic+meningitis
Hematuria AE that results in excessive uterine bleeding occurs irregularly and more frequently than normal
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/menometrorrhagia
Female Reproductive System AE that results in abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0014910/
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of changes in mental status
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/altered_mental_status/symptoms.htm
A mental status change does not have to be a disorder or even an adverse event. It can be a good change, from a disorder status to a normal recovered status.
a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that has an outcome of abnormal chemical reactions in the body that disrupts a metabolic process
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/metabolicdisorders.html
A cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of enlargement of the heart
an abdominal AE that shows the spreading of the cancer cells to the abdominal cavity of the patient
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002260.htm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19373966
a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancerous cells spreading to the bone from elsewhere
a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading from a primary tumor to the central nervous system
WEB: http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/8/5/398.long, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19373966
a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading to the liver organ
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000277.htm
a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading to the lung
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000097.htm
a tumor AE that has an outcome cancerous cells spreaing from primary tumor to the thin layers of tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord, may experience increased intracranial pressure
WEB: 1. http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/1/1/56.full 2. http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=45782
a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading from primary tumor to the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom.
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/peritoneum Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=metastasis%20to%20peritoneum%20%5BTI%5D
a tumor AE that results in a disease spreading to the pleural cavity due to cancerous activities
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pleuraldisorders.html
an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of evidence favors rejection of an adverse event causal relation
evidence favoring rejection of an adverse event causal relation
a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading to the spine
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1157987-overview
a tumor AE with an outcome of spreading of disease from one organ to another non-adjacent organ or part
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002260.htm
a tumor AE with an outcome of spreading of cancerous cells from abnormal mass of tissue
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20121607
Urinary System AE that is characterized by uterine bleeding at irregular intervals
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/metrorrhagia
Cardiovascular disorder AE that results in a fragmentation of red blood cells resulting from the narrowing of small blood vessels
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/microangiopathic+hemolytic+anemia
a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by the inability of the heart's mitral valve to close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward in the heart
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Mitral+Valve+Insufficiency
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of bleeding from blood vessels located in the mouth
WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0029163/
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of sores or open lesions in the mouth
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001448.htm
Multiple Sclerosis AE that is characterized by a relapse of Multiple Sclerosis
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001747/ Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22980532
a muscle contraction AE that has an outcome of painful sensations, associated with muscle fatigue and low sodium/potassium
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/musclecramps.html
a muscle enzyme level abnormal AE that results in an increased level of muscle enzyme
a muscle AE that results in the musculoskeletal system being weakened at locomotion is hampered
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002172/
a pain AE located in musculoskeletal structures of the chest wall, atypical or noncardiac chest pain
WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-causes-of-musculoskeletal-chest-pain?source=see_link
Bacterial infection AE that results in the patient being infected with the Mycoplasma bacteria
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15142464
an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of evidence favors acceptance of an adverse event causal relation
evidence favoring acceptance of an adverse event causal relation
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of ineffective production of the myeloid class of blood cells
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of bone marrow being replaced by scar tissue
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001558/
a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1768241/
an inflammation AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the heart muscle
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001204/
a bone disorder AE, most commonly fungal infection, that is characterized by discoloration, painful swelling, pits, lesions and brown bands
WEB: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/nail-disorders-000116.htm
a nail AE around the nail area, tends to be fungal
WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/paronychia_nail_infection/article_em.htm
Cell death AE that results in necrosis occurring due to a local deprivation of blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ischemic+necrosis
a progressive tumor AE that has an outcome of an abnormal mass of cells that metastasizes
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/malignant+neoplasm
an tumor AE that has an outcome of growth of the neoplasm, an abnormal mass of tissue in the body
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neoplasm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263846
a tumor AE that has an outcome of microscopic cells of the original neoplasm escaping therapeutic intervention and later becoming clinically visible at the original site
Kidney disorder AE that results in an increased amount of calcium deposits in the renal parenchyma
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001522/
a kidney disorder AE that has an outcome of a group of symptoms that include protein in the urine, low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels and swelling
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001520/
a neuropathy AE that has an outcome of direct pressure on a single nerve, can cause pain, tingling and muscle weakness
WEB: http://nerve.wustl.edu/nd_compression.php
Nervous System AE that results in pressure on a root nerve
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719259
Nervous system AE that results in a lesion occurring on a nerve root
A nervous system AE that has an outcome of inability of maintaining neurological functions.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/decompensation
Tumor AE that results in a tumor growing on nerve tissue
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neuroma
a nervous system AE that alters the normal activity of the nervous system due to exposure to neurotoxins (which can be natural or artificial toxic substances), and causes damage to nervous tissue
toxic neuropathy AE
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxicity
an immunolgy and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that is chracterized by neutralising antibodies detected in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neutralizing+antibody
a neutropenia AE that compromises the immune system where the number of neutrophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, is abnormally low. A neutropenia makes body vulnerable to bacterial and fungal infections.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neutropenia
a neutropenia AE that results in an abnormal number of neutrophils in a newborn infant
WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/neonatal, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neonatal+neutropenia,+alloimmune
a gastrointestinal Inflammation AE that results in the cecum, part of the large intestine, being inflamed
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183791-overview
a sepsis AE caused by neutropenia or an abnormally low neutrophil count
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that results in an abnormal number of neutrophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell (outside the normal range of ~1700 per microliter)
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20030
a neutrophil count abnormal AE that has an outcome of decreased neutrophil count
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/neutropenia/MY00110
a neutrophil percentage abnormal AE that has an outcome of increase in percentage of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neutrophil
a hyperplasia AE that has an outcome of liver/biliary system cell overproduction, associated with portal hypertension
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070012/
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of adenocarcinomas in an outer area of the lung, squamous cell carcinomas in the center of the lung or large cell carcinomas in any part of the lung
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004462/
a lung disorder AE that results in the patient suffering from lung cancer at state IV
an anemia AE that has an outcome of insufficient numbers of red blood cells despite a normal concentration of hemoglobin in the cells
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/normocytic+normochromic+anemia
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of chronic bronchitis or emphysema which causes the airways to narrow over time
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_copd/article.htm
a gastrointestinal investigation result abnormal AE that results in blood that is present in amounts too small to be seen and can be detected only by chemical analysis or microscopic examination
WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/occult+blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/occult+blood\
a gustatory system AE that has an outcome of painful swallowing in the mouth or esophagus. Can lead to weight loss.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/odynophagia
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oesophageal
an esophagus AE that results in a narrowing in the esophagus caused by buildup of scar tissue or by a congenital defect
an esophagus AE located in the esophagus, can present with heartburn, and nausea
a reproductive system AE that has an outcome of insufficient placenta, the baby may get less oxygen and nutrients
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002455/
a nail disorder AE that has an outcome of pain in the fingernails or toenails
WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/onychalgia
a nail disorder AE that results in the breaking of the fingernails or toenails
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/onychoclasis
a nail disorder AE that results in the nail separating from the nail bed starting at distal or lateral attachment
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16422468
an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of evidence establishes an adverse event causal relation
Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 33.
evidence establishing an adverse event causal relation
a nail disorder AE that results in nails spontaneously shedding starting from the proximal end
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/onychomadesis
Eye disorder AE that results in chronic glaucoma progressing slowly
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002587/
a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that results in the patient testing positive for opiates
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a fungal infection located in the mouth caused by the candida fungus
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/thrush/article.htm
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of fistula, or an abnormal connection between two epithelium-lined organs or vessels, located in the oral cavity
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a viral infection located in the mouth caused by herpes simplex virus, causes painful sores
WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/oral_herpes/article_em.htm
a gustatory system AE that has an outcome of a decreased amount of substance in food or drinking water ingested
Digestive System AE that results in oral lesions
an erythema AE that results in redness of the oral mucosa area
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17767983
a pain AE located in the oral cavity, pertaining to the mouth
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of disease in the soft tissue of the mouth or systemic diseases involving the mouth
WEB: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001601
a surgery that treats injuries and defects involving both the functional and esthetic aspects of the hard/soft tissue of the head, mouth, teeth, gums, jaws, and neck
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral+surgery Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530364
an edema that results in swelling around the eyes
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7654583
a pneumonia AE that results in the healing process being characterized by organization and cicatrizaion of the exudate rather than resolution
WEB: Primary Source: http://thorax.bmj.com/content/55/4/318.full Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745738/
Digestive System AE that is characterized by fungus (mainly Candida albicans, but can be other Candida species - C.glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei) in throat or mouth (Thrush)
WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candidiasis/thrush/
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of muscle spasm in the oropharynx area
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Oropharyngeal+airway
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of bacterial infection in the bone
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001473/
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of chronic infection of the bone or bone marrow
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.posna.org/education/StudyGuide/chronicOsteomyelitis.asp Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20471296
a data item that represents the ratio of the rate of occurence of the adverse event in persons having the medical intervention (e.g., vaccination) to the rate in otherwise comparable persons without the medical intervention.
Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 20-21.
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of bone death due to the loss of blood supply, leading to pain and arthritis
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/osteonecrosis.html
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of disease that affects the maxilla and the mandible, characterized through exposure of the bone through lesions in the gingiva that do not heal
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702591
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of necrosis or death of bone as a result of exposure to radiation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/osteoradionecrosis
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of elevation in bone density
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/osteosclerosis
a female reproductive system AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the ovaries, female reproductive organs that produce eggs
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001891/
Female reproductive system AE that results in an enlargement of the patient's ovaries
a female reproductive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal mass appearing in the patient's ovaries
Incorrect dose administration AE that results in the ingestion or application of a drug in greater quantities than recommended
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007287.htm
an oxygen saturation abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypoxemia/MY00219\ Secondary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oxygen+saturation
a pain AE that has an outcome of pain in the set of bones that hold the teeth
a erythema AE that is characterized by the reddening of the palms at the thenar and hypothenar eminences
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18039017
a skin AE generally caused by chemotherapy that is characterized by the palms and soles becoming red, swollen, numb and the skin peeling.
YH: MedDRA: 10033553 is for "palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome"; MedDRA: 10054524 is for "palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome".
palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome AE
WEB: http://news.cancerconnect.com/hand-foot-syndrome-palmar-plantar-erythrodysesthesia/
palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE
Tumor AE that results in an undifferentiated growth in the patient's pancreas
WEB: Primary Source: http://stanfordhospital.org/digestivehealth/pancreas/conditions/pancreatic-cysts-symptoms-diagnosis.html Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855657
a pancreatitis AE that has an outcome of sudden inflammation of the pancreas
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000287.htm
a pancreatitis AE that results in pancreatitis reoccurring in the patient
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002129/
Hematopoietic System AE that results in a reduction in the amount of red and white blood cells and platelets in blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pancytopenia
an edema AE that has an outcome of optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Papilloedema
a data item that represents the incidence of the adverse event among recipients of a medical intervention (e.g., vaccinatoin) minus the incidence of the adverse event among otherwise similar nonrecipients.
The AE risk difference depends on both the background incidence of the adverse event (i.e., among nonrecipients) and the relative risk of its occurence in medical intervention recipients versus nonrecipients. Even when the AE rlative risk is high, the AE risk difference will be low if the event is extremely rare.
Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 27.
Tumor AE that results in a benign tumor in the parathyroid region
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001188.htm
a skin infection AE thar occurs around the fingernails and toenailsnail. Bacteria or a type of yeast called Candida cause this infection. Bacteria and yeast can even combine into one infection.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/paronychia
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paronychia
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of a broken bone caused by disease leading to weakenss of the bone, commonly osteoporosis
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pathological+fracture
a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110902/
a pain AE that results in soreness around the vaginal opening after giving birth
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20002420
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of inflammation and infection that destroys the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, the periodontal ligaments and the tooth sockets
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002051/
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of inflammation and infection of the ligaments and bones that support the teeth
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002054/
an ischaemia AE that has an outcome of restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism
YH: MedDRA: 10034576 is for "peripheral ischaemia"; MedDRA: 10034578 is for "peripheral ischemia".
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4052 Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6430442
a motor neuropathy AE that results in damage to the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001619/
a peripheral sensory neuropathy AE that results in the patient losing the ability to move or feel.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000750.htm
Neuropathy can affect nerves that provide feeling (sensory neuropathy) or cause movement (motor neuropathy). It can also affect both, in which case it is called a sensorimotor neuropathy.
a sensory neuropathy AE that has an outcome of damaged nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Peripheral+sensory+neuropathy
an abscess AE that results in a collection of infected material around the tonsils
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001981/
Respiratory system AE characterized by the whooping cough
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002528/
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of tiny pinpoint red dots that form due to broken blood vessels under the skin
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm
Inflammation AE that results in an inflammation of the pharyngeal region
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172144
a phlebitis that is characterized by blood clots that occur in different locations
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Thrombophlebitis Secondary Source: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463256-overview
a skin AE that results in the patient's skin becoming diseased due to exposure to sunlight
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/photodermatosis Secondary Source http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3063367/
a skin AE that shows a cutaneous disease as a result of sun allergy and may be induced by different triggers such as a chemical.
MedDRA: 10034972 and UMLS CUI: C0162830 are for "photosensitivity reaction"; MedDRA: 10034966 and UMLS CUI: C0349506 are for "photosensitivity".
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049648-overview
WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/sunlight-and-skin-damage/photosensitivity-reactions
a skin AE that has an outcome of loss or reduction in human skin color, may be related to loss of melanocytes or inability of melanocytes to produce melanin
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/skinpigmentationdisorders.html
a conduction system disorder AE that refers to partial or complete block of electrical impulses originating in the atrium or sinus node, preventing them from reaching the AV node and ventricles
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10751
atrioventricular block AE
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of fluid buildup between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001150/
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the pleural cavity, the potential space between the two pleura of the lungs
MedDRA: 10035601 is for "pleural haemorrhage"; MedDRA: 10055319 is for "pleural hemorrhage".
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemothorax
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest that leads to chest pain
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002347/
a pain AE induced by inflammation in the lungs that is characterized by sharp or stabbing pain in the chest
WEB: http://pleuriticchestpain.net/, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pleuritic+chest+pain
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in gas cysts developing within the walls of the small or large intestine
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9530294
a pneumonia AE that has an outcome of a fungal infection of the lungs by Pneumocystis jiroveci
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001692/
Respiratory System AE that results in air being present in the mediastinum
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001148/
a pneumonia AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the lungs and airways to the lungs from breathing in foreign material
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000121.htm
a pneumonia AE that has an outcome of an acute systemic disease with involvement of the lungs, caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniAE and marked by high fever and cough
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/primary+atypical+pneumonia
a lung inflammation AE located in the lung tissue
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pneumonitis
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a collapsed lung due to collection of air in the space around the lungs.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001151/
a urinary system AE that results in abnormally frequent urination
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pollakiuria
a hematopoietic disorder AE that results in the bone marrow producing too many red blood cells
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Polycythaemia+vera
a hypertension AE located in the heptatic portal system caused by obstruction or occlusion that produces splenomegaly and ascites in its later stages
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21129318
a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of formation of a blood clot affecting the hepatic portal vein, can lead to hypertension or reduction of blood supply to the liver
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/portal+vein+thrombosis
a syndrome that results in the patient suffering a set of problems after having a spinal tap procedure
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19921503
Fever AE that results in a fever occurring after an operation
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22774619
A thrombosis AE that occurs after an operation that results in a blood clot in a blood vessel disrupting blood flow throughout the body
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19756494
Female reproductive system AE that results in the patient getting pregnant even when using a contraceptive
a perinatal AE that has an outcome of premature baby
a pregnancy AE that has an outcome of labor beginning prior to the 37th week of gestation
WEB: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=premature%20labor
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a near-fainting episode which may include lightheadedness, dizziness, severe weakness, blurred vision, which may precede syncopal episode
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/presyncope
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of a piece of dead bone that completely separates from sound bone during the process of necrosis
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/primary+sequestrum
a coronary artery disorder AE that results in cardiac pain at rest that occurs in cycles
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prinzmetal+angina
a digestive system AE that results in the pain located at the anus or in the rectum
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/proctalgia
A medical intervention that is a procedure occuring in the inside structures of the tooth, including the dental pulp and tooth root, and the periapical tissue surrounding the root.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endodontic
A medical intervention that creates a passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea for maintenance of the airway, as during the administration of anesthesia.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Endotracheal+intubation
A surgery that has an outcome of the removal of part or all of the stomach.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002945.htm
a cough AE that has an outcome of secretions that could be mucous or blood
WEB: http://coldflu.about.com/od/glossary/g/productivecough.htm
a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the prostate gland, the small structure that wraps around the urethra carrying urine out of the body
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001418/
a physical examination result abnormal AE that results in a prostate exam being different than expected
a male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of prostatic specific antigen, a glycoprotein enzyme present in small quantities in the serum of men with healthy prostates. May indicate prostate cancer or prostate disorders
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23277770
a protein and chemistry analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by the protein level in the body being abnormal
a prothrombin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decrease in level of prothrombin in body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prothrombin
a prothrombin time abnormal AE that has an outcome of prolonged time for plasma in the blood to clot
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003652.htm
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of infection in the large intestine with an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001305/
a bacterial infection AE that has an outcome of infection by genus Pseudomonas, typically targets respiratory tract
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/970904-overview
a psychiatric disorder AE that results in physical pain being caused by the patient's life stresses
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychosomatic+disease
A mental disorder AE that results in abnormal condition of the mind
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychotic+disorder
an adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of biological plausity.
Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 28.
evidence of biological plausity of adverse event causality
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of hypertension or abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001171/
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of engorgement of pulmonary vessels with transudation of fluid into the alveolar and interstitial spaces, seen in cardiac disease, infections, and certain injuries
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+congestion
an arterial embolism AE that results in the blockage of the main artery of a lung or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream
[SS] moved by relation 'SubclassOf' from lung disorder AE to arterial embolism on 01/07/14
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299609
a lung disorder AE wih the outcome of damaged or scarred lung tissue. Thickened tissue impairs lung function
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pulmonary-fibrosis/DS00927
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of acute bleeding from the lung, especially in the upper respiratory tract and the endotracheal tube
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217914
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormally high blood pressure in the arteris of the lungs
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal spot in the lungs that is more than 3 cm in size
WEB: http://lungcancer.about.com/od/whatislungcancer/a/Lung-Mass.htm
a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of edema or abnormal buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs, leads to shortness of breath
MedDRA: 10037423 is for "pulmonary oedema"; MedDRA: 10037375 is for "pulmonary edema"
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001195/
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of an inability to detect pulse
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003078.htm
a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormally low pulse pressure, less than 25% of systolic value. Can indicate blood loss or low stroke volume
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulse+pressure
an adverse event with an outcome of the release or secretion of pus
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=21858
a kidney disorder AE that is characterized by the dilation of calices, usually due to obstruction or infection
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/calicectasis
an injury AE caused by ionizing radiation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Radiation+Injuries
a digestive system AE that results in the inflammation of mucous membranes lining the digestive tract. Caused by radiation, can lead to mouth sores
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=19881
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of inflammation that radiation causes swelling of the esophagus
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/esophagitis
a lung inflammation AE due to radiation therapy
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8091
a skin AE that has an outcome of injury to the skin and underlying tissues from exposure to a large external dose of radiation
WEB: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/criphysicianfactsheet.asp
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of clicking, rattling or crackling noises made by one or both lungs during inhalation
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crackles
a rash ae adverse event that results in redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145421
a rash AE occuring in several areas of the body
WEB: http://www.freemd.com/rash-generalized/overview.htm
a rash AE that has an outcome of an unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the uge to scratch
WEB: http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/pruritus-itch/
an inflammation AE that has an outcome of an inflammatory reaction limited to a previously X-irradiated field when the patient is treated months/years later with certain drugs
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7577597
Digestive System AE that results in bleeding in the rectal area
a red blood cell count abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in red blood cells
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003644.htm
a digestive system disorder AE that results in the inflammation of the stomach lining due to reflux
a digestive system AE located in the esophagus, can present with heartburn, and nausea, caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease
a kidney disorder AE that results in kidneys failing to adequately filter toxins and waste from the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/renal+failure
a kidney disorder AE that results in the rapid loss or decline of kidney function
As shown on the renal.org website (http://www.renal.org/guidelines/modules/acute-kidney-injury), Acute kidney injury (AKI) has now replaced the term acute renal failure.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/acute+renal+failure
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-failure/basics/definition/con-20024029
Acute kidney failure occurs when kidneys become unable to filter waste products from blood.
a kidney disorder AE that results in the kidneys failing to adequately filter toxins and waste from the blood
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263712
kidney disorder AE that results in the renal tubule wasting away and losing strength/functional abilities
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nephron
a kidney disorder AE that results in the renal artery narrowing
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/renal+artery+stenosis
Respiratory system AE that is characterized by conditions that affect organs and systems that deal with gas exchange
WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+disorder
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of a condition where lungs cannot remove all the carbon dioxide the body produces, makes body fluid too acidic
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001154/
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of a ventilory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute
WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tachypnea
Respiratory System AE that results in bleeding somewhere in the respiratory system
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8692086
an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in the respiratory tract, includes pneumonia as well as lung abscess and acute bronchitis
WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+tract+infection
an eye disorder AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the eye
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/retinal+hemorrhage
Eye Disorder AE that results in a tearing of retinal pigment epithelial tissue
Amnesia AE that results in the patient forgeting things that happened before the onset of an injury or disease
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/retrograde+amnesia
an encephalopathy AE that is characterized by headache, confusion, seizures and visual loss, tends to resolve over time
reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome AE
a muscle adverse event that results in damaged skeletal muscle tissue breaks down rapidly
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rhabdomyolysis
a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has an outcome of congestive heart failure manifested by distention of the neck veins, enlargement of the liver, and dependent edema
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/right+ventricular+failure
A pregnancy AE that results in the growing pregnancy in a woman's fallopian tube becoming larger than the tube and causing it to rupture
WEB: http://www.freemd.com/ruptured-ectopic-pregnancy/overview.htm
an abnormal salivary gland physiology AE that results in the salivary glands becoming irritated and/or swollen
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/salivaryglanddisorders.html
a skin AE that has an outcome of a hard coating formed during the wound healing reconstruction phase
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/scab
a nervous system AE that results in the sciatic nerve losing its sensory capabilities
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21995439
an eye disorder AE that is characterized by an excessive accumulation of blood in the eye
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperaemia
a dementia AE that results in an elderly patient suffering from dementia
a sensory capability AE that results in the patient feeling their blood flow
a shock AE that has an outcome of life-threatening low blood pressure
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001689/
a surgery that leads to the excision of a sequestrum, or a piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sequestrectomy
Blood cell lab test abnormal AE showing an increase in the number of immature leukocytes in peripheral blood. (in hematology) a predominance of immature leukocytes noted in a differential white blood cell count. It is usually indicative of an infection or inflammation. The term derives from a graph of blood components in which immature cell frequencies appear on the left side of the graph.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/shift
a physiological shock AE that has an outcome of hypovolemic shock resulting from acute hemorrhage and characterized by hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, and by pale, cold and clammy skin
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhagic+shock
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in the sigmoid colon being inflamed
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sigmoiditis
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of disease in the air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity, above the eyes and behind the ethmoids
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/paranasal+sinuses
a tachycardia AE that has an outcome of elevated impulses originating from the sinoatrial node, greater than 100 bpm
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sinus+tachycardia
a skin AE that is characterized by sore, cracked, or rough skin, usually on the hands, face and lips.
WEB: http://wellbeing.doctissimo.com/wellbeing-a-z/chapped-skin.html
a skin AE that results in linear-like cleavages in the skin
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fissure
a skin AE that has an outcome of bleeding at the skin
a skin AE that has an outcome of darkening in an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperpigmentation
a skin AE that has an outcome of infection. Can be bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/skin+infection
a skin AE that has an outcome of a jagged wound, can be shallow cuts or deep gahes that penetrate through muscle to internal organs and bone
WEB: http://www.mdguidelines.com/lacerations
a skin AE that has an outcome of a superficial growth or patch of the skin that does not resemble the area surrounding it
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Skin+Lesions
a skin AE that has an outcome of exposure of skin to nonspecific irritants or from the action of specific allergens
WEB: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Skin+Reactions
a skin AE that has an outcome of irritation, sensitization and phototoxicity
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dermal+toxicity
a behavior and neurological AE that results in irregular sleep patterns
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sleep+disorder
an eating disorder AE that is characterized by patient searching for food while asleep
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23205019
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of a blockage that keeps substance from passing through the small intestine, may be caused by fibrous bands of tissue in the abdomen, inflamed/infected pouches in the intestine, or hernias and tumors
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/intestinal-obstruction/DS00823
a surgery that is characterized by all of or part of the small intestine needing to be removed
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002943.htm
a gastrointestinal disorder AE in which the blood vessels in the small intestine narrow
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stenosis
a tumor AE that results in cancer in the small intestine
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/small+intestine+cancer
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in an ulcer in the patient's small intestine
a connective tissue disorder AE that occurs in the non-skeletal tissue, usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue
WEB: http://www.reference.md/files/D018/mD018461.html
a connective tissue disorder AE that results in damage to muscles, ligaments, and tendons throughout the body
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22964676
a necrosis AE that results in necrosis occurring in soft tissue
a behavior and neurological AE that results in the patient hvings a mental disorder with symptoms that may suggest physical illness or injury
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/somatoform+disorder
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of vertebra collapse caused by small hairline fractures
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/guide/spinal-compression-fractures-causes
a nervious system AE that has an outcome of spinal cord compressed by bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor, abscess, ruptured intervertebral disc or other lesion
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spinal+cord+compression
Tumor AE that results in a tumor in the patient's spinal cord
Spinal osteoarthritis AE is a osteoarthritis AE that has an outcome of degeneration of the protective cartilage that cushions the tops of bones, causes swelling and pain and may cause development of osteophytes.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/spinal-osteoarthritis-degenerative-arthritis-of-the-spine
an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of a larger-than-normal spleen, affects blood filtration
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003276.htm
a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of bacterial infection in the lungs or breathing passages
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/lung/sputum-culture
a respiratory system AE that shows increased sputum, which results in mucous material coughed up from the lungs by the patient.
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5539
a skin AE that has an outcome of a type of nonmelanoma skin cancer
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001832/
a bacterial infection AE that has an outcome of invasion by Staphylococcus, can present with pus, fever, chills and low blood pressure
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/staph_infection/page2.htm
a skin AE that results in the skin in the leg undergoing discoloration due to blood pooling as a result of insufficient venous return
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000834.htm
a device occlusion AE that has an outcome of blockage of the stent, or a tube inserted into body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002303.htm
a skin adverse event that is characterized by cell death causing the epidermis to separate from the dermis
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001854/
a stress AE that results in patient experiencing stress at work
an adverse event causality evidence that comes from a case report.
adverse event causality evidence from case report
a nervous system AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001720/
a nervous system AE that has an outcome of a collection of blood on the surface of the brain
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001732/
A gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of the bleeding in the stomach
a death AE that has an outcome of unexpected death, 1 to 24 hours after the onset of symptoms
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sudden+death
a psychiatric disorder AE that results in thoughts about suicide
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Suicidal+ideation Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10193592
a psychiatric disorder AE that results in attempted suicide
a viral infection AE that has an outcome of a cell that was previously infected being coinfected with a different strain of the virus
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/superinfection
a venous thrombosis AE in which a stroke occurs as a result of thrombosis. uncommon cerebrovascular accident that is frequently associated with diseases that may contribute to the development of thrombosis through hypercoagulability, stasis of the local blood stream, and abnormalities of the vessel wall.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1026412
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1455986
an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of premature atrial contractions or beats caused by signals originating from ectopic atrial sites
WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0033036/
a tachycardia AE that has an outcome of rapid heart rhythm originating at or above the atrioventricular node
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001235/ Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233691
Adverse event that is characterized by the patient becoming increasingly suspicious
an injury and procedural complication AE that results in a complication resulting from a suture
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17276274
a surgery AE that results in a suture being used to hold body tissues together, ruptures
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21266279
an increased heartbeat AE that is characterized by a distburance of the heart rhythm in which heart rate is abnormally increased
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tachyarrhythmia
a tachycardia AE that results in tachycardia beginings and ending in an acute manner
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11208235 Secondary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000183.htm
an abnormal repiration AE that shows an outcome of tachypnoea (i.e., abnormally rapid breathing or respiration)
an adverse event causality evidence that comes from the study of a case report series.
adverse event causality evidence from case series
Behavior and neurological AE that results in the patient having recurring seizures
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001714/
An immune system disorder AE that is a complication that can occur after a stem or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted donor cells attack the transplant recipient's body
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of too many blood platelets or thrombocytes, can result in headache, lightheadedness, vision changes and limb numbness
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/thrombocythemia/DS01087
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of decrease in platelets in the blood
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000586.htm
a phlebitis AE located in the vein, caused by a blood clot
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002098/
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001108.htm
a thrombosis AE that is characterized by a pathological process involving thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and microvascular occlusion
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22802583 WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18215115 Secondary Source: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra020528
a tumor AE that results in a benign tumor in the thyroid
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004524/
a tumor AE that results in the patient hvings a mass growing in their thyroid
an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of an irregular rate of the heartbeat
a syndrome AE that results in the patient suffering from withdrawal from not using tobacco
a tongue AE that has an outcome of open sores or cuts on the tongue
WEB: http://www.localhealth.com/article/tongue-ulcers
Tumor AE that results in cancer in the patient's tonsils
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of an abscess located in the tooth or a bacterial infection in the center of a tooth
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002055/
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of disease in the teeth
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/toothdisorders.html
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of a break or rupture in a bone
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tooth+fracture
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of one or more teeth coming loose and falling out
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253824
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of an aching pain in or around a tooth
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/toothache Seconday Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22157099
a endocrine system AE that has an outcome of an excess production of thryoid hormone, characterized by functionally autonomous nodules
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000317.htm
A liver AE that has an outcome of an abnormal functionality of the liver
a respiratory system AE that results in the trachea being infected by a bacteria
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001983/
a respiratory system AE that is characterized by the inflammation of the muscous membranes of the trachea and bronchi
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tracheobronchitis
a behavior and neurological AEthat results in the patient being in a state of trance
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/trance
a transaminase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Transaminases
A cardiomyopathy AE that has an outcome of a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Often, only one part of the heart is thicker than the other parts. The thickening can make it harder for blood to leave the heart, forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood. It also can make it harder for the heart to relax and fill with blood.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001243/
a vascular disorder AE that results in an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the primary blood vessels
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002535/
a blood chloride abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormally high level of chloride in the blood
hyperchloremia AE
a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by a tricuspid valve that does not close tightly enough to prevent leakage
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tricuspid+Valve+Insufficiency
a tri-iodothyronine level abnormal AE that results in a decreased level of tri-iodothyronine
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tri-iodothyronine
a troponin level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of troponin, a protein released when the heart muscle is damaged
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007452.htm
a bacterial infection AE that is caused by M. tuberculosis.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tumor+Removal
Tumor AE that results in a tumor reoccurring
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21523725
an hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the tumour
WEB: http://calder.med.miami.edu/pointis/tbifam/cause3.html
a syndrome AE that has an outcome of a group of metabolic complications that can occur after treatment of cancer
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15384972
a cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in a substance found in the blood, urine, or body tissues that can be elevated in cancer, among other tissue types
WEB: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/tumor-markers
a necrosis AE that has an outcome of death of tumor tissue, tumor rapidly outgrows its blood supply
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tumor+necrosis
a keratitis AE that has an outcome of disrupted epithelial layer and stroma of the cornea, may become blind
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ulcerative+keratitis
Homeostasis AE that results in an inability to achieve adequate fluid balance
Respiratory system AE that is characterized by the patient having an obstruction in their upper airway
a gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastrointestinal+bleeding Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1237869/
a urinary system AE that has an outcome of a blockage in the urinary tract, can result in pain, fever, infection, loss of kidney function, sepsis or death if severe
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/ureteral-obstruction/
Urinary system AE that results in the urethra becoming obstructed
Urinary System AE that results in the urethra becoming narrowed at the external meatus
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/urethral+meatal+stenosis Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22710090
a urinary incontinence AE that results in the patient feeling a sudden urgency or need to urinate.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002250/
Urinary system AE that results in an inability to urinate
WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/urinary+retention Secondary Source: http://www.medtronic.com/patients/urinary-retention/index.htm
a urinary tract infection AE that results in the infection of the urinary tract by the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa organism
WEB: http://www.jiph.org/article/S1876-0341(09)00058-6/abstract
a urinary tract infection AE that results in the urinary tract being infected with the staphylococcal bacteria
urinary tract infection staphylococcal AE
a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that results in a positive result for amphetamines in the urine
a urine abnormality AE that has an outcome of decreased urine output, less than 500 milliliters of urine in 24 hours
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003147.htm
a urinary system AE caused by an infection in the urinary tract that has an outcome of accumulation of pus-forming bacteria or toxins in the blood of the urinary tract.
WEB: http://www.primehealthchannel.com/urosepsis-definition-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment.html
an urticaria AE that results in the appearance of "wheals" on skin
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/papular+urticaria
a uterine AE that results in uterine contractions during pregnancy
uterine contractions during pregnancy AE
a uterine AE that has an outcome of bleeding from the uterus
MedDRA: 10046788 is for "uterine haemorrhage"; MedDRA: 10046789 is for "uterine hemorrhage"
a uterine AE that results in the patient undergoing a single uterine contraction for over two minutes during pregnancy
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192488 Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192488
an infection AE that results in infection of the vagina
a digestive system AE that has an outcome of dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/esophageal-varices/DS00820
a dementia AE that results in problems with reasoning, judgement, and memory resulting from brain damage from impaired blood flow to the brain
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vascular-dementia/DS00934
a vascular disorder AE that results in the veins becoming discoloured
a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of a blood clot in the inferior vena cava
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1933035-overview, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000156.htm
a vascular disorder AE that results in an injury to the vein(s)
a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of a blood clot that forms within a vein
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000156.htm
a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormality in the contraction of the ventricles or the motion of the cells
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventricular+dysfunction
an adverse event causality evidence that comes from an uncontrolled observational study
adverse event causality evidence from uncontrolled observational study
an ear disorder that results in irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the inner ear
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002049/
an abnormal vision AE that results in unclear vision
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003029.htm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23111613
an abnormal vision AE that results in a decrease in clearness of vision
WEB: Primary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003396.htm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329671
an abnormal vision AE that results in the patient suffering from an enhanced brightness in their vision
a gustatory system AE that has an outcome of a shortage of vitamin D which is essential for strong bones
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/diet/vitamin-d-deficiency
an adverse event causality evidence that comes from controlled observational studies.
Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 29.
adverse event causality evidence from controlled observational study
Inflammation AE that is characterized by an inflammatory reaction of the vitreous or hyaloid membrane as a result of disease in adjacent structures
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vitritis
a physical examination result abnormal AE that shows an increase (gain) in weight of a patient
a conduction system disorder AE that results in an abnormal accessory electrical conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001206/
a wound AE that has an outcome of complication to the wound
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound
a wound AE that has an outcome of a wound breaking open along the surgical sutures
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wound+dehiscence
A wound AE that has an outcome of secretions or pus produced by damaged tissue particles and repairing mechanisms intitiated by the body
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2815962
an abnormal vision AEthat results in the patient seeing a predominance of yellow in their vision
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/xanthopsia
an immune system disorder AE that results in a fungal infection of the sinuses, brain, or lungs that occurs in some people with a weakened immune system
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001672/
A cardiomyopathy AE that has an outcome of a heart failure with left ventricular dilatation resulting from ischemic heart disease.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ischemic+cardiomyopathy
A surgery that is a procedure performed on the jaw
An adverse event that is a chronic neurological disorder caused by the brain's inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally.
narcolepsy AE
A medical intervention that is a life-support system designed to replace or support normal ventilatory lung function
WEB: www.medscape.com/resource/mechanical-ventilation
An inflammation AE that has an outcome of tissue swelling and other inflammatory response in the mouth
A systematic adverse event that has an outcome of failure in mulitple organs
Pleomorphic rash AE is rash AE that is a rash characterized by many-formed.
A bone disorder AE that has an outcome of the weakening or brittle bone
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/osteoporosis/DS00128
A groupd of disroders where the genetic susceptibility plays an important role to the seletctive susceptibility to poorly pathogenic mycobacterial species such as bacille Calmette-Guérin and environmental mycobacteria.
MSMD
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease
A cardiomyopathy AE that has an outcome of a condition that the heart cannot relax normally during the time between heartbeats when the blood returns from the body (diastole).
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000189.htm
A medical intervention that has an outcome of the transplant of stem cells into the body
an adverse event causality evidence that comes from a controlled clincal trial
In a controlled clinical trial, outcomes are compared in subjects who are allocated by the investigator to receive or not receive a medical intervention.
Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 30.
adverse event causality evidence from controlled clinical trial
A medical intervention that has an outcome of an intersion of a tube into the body
A cardiomyopathy AE that is a temporary heart condition brought on by stressful situations, such as the death of a loved one. People with broken heart syndrome may have sudden chest pain or think they're having a heart attack. These broken heart syndrome symptoms may be brought on by the heart's reaction to a surge of stress hormones. In broken heart syndrome, a part of your heart temporarily enlarges and doesn't pump well, while the remainder of the heart functions normally or with even more forceful contractions.
takotsubo cardiomyopathy, broken heart syndrome, stress-induced cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/broken-heart-syndrome/DS01135/METHOD=print
A medical intervention that has an outcome of an extraction of the tooth
A skin adverse event that has an outcome of an eruption caused by ingestion, injection, inhalation, or insertion of a drug, often a result of allergic sensitization. Also called dermatitis medicamentosa, dermatosis medicamentosa, drug rash
dermatitis medicamentosa, dermatosis medicamentosa, drug rash
An arrythmia AE that has an outcome of a severely abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that can be life-threatening.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004467/
an atrioventricular block AE that there is some prolongation of AV conduction time (PR interval). The heart's electrical signals are slowed as they move from the atria to the ventricles (the heart's upper and lower chambers, respectively). This results in a longer, flatter line between the P and the R waves on the EKG (electrocardiogram).
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10751 WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/hb/hb_types.html
A medical intervention that has an outcome of the removal of dead, damaged, dying or infected tissue. The human body is capable of (autolytic) debridement for small wounds, but for large wounds, medical procedures are necessary.
surgical debridement, enzymatic debridement, autolytic debridement, mechanical debridement
WEB: http://surgery.about.com/od/glossaryofsurgicalterms/g/Debridement.htm
A thyroiditis AE that shows a self-limited thyroid condition associated with a triphasic clinical course of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and return to normal thyroid function.
subacute thyroiditis AE
Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is a rare inflammatory muscle disorder characterized by a characteristic infiltration of muscle tissue by PAS-positive macrophages, which is caused by pathological persistence of vaccine-derived aluminium hydroxide. The diagnosis can only be established by an open muscle biopsy from the muscle that was used for intramuscular vaccination.
macrophagic myofasciitis AE
BCG infection following BCG injection. It is often related with the vaccinee's immunodeficiency.
disseminated BCG infection AE
An adverse event that is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.
autism AE
an adverse event that is a type of encephalitis triggered by vaccination.
Autoimmune Encephalitis may be triggered by infection in which case the term "Post-infectious Encephalitis" is used. ADEM( Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ) is a Post-infectious Encephalitis. The illness usually follows in the wake of a mild viral infection (such as those that cause rashes in childhood) or immunisations. Typically there is a delay of days to two to three weeks between the triggering infection and development of the encephalitis. It has recently been recognised that there are other types of Autoimmune Encephalitis resulting from an attack of the brain by the body's immune system. Some of these types of autoimmune encephalitis are identified by finding a specific antibody in blood. These conditions include Potassium channel complex antibody associated encephalitis, NMDAR and Hashimoto's encephalitis. http://www.encephalitis.info/information/the-illness/types-of-autoimmune-encephalitis/
autoimmune encephalitis AE
an injection-site AE that display an redness in the injection-site
injection-site redness AE
a sensory capability AE that shows up skin tenderness and occurs in an injection site of a medical intervention
injection-site tenderness AE
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of arm motion limitation
arm motion limitation AE
a sensory capability AE that shows up muscular soreness at the injection site of a medical intervention
injection-site muscular soreness AE
a sleep disorder AE that shows up sleepiness (Sluggish from sleep, inactive, quiet).
sleepiness AE
brain AE
mild hypersensitivity AE
an injection-site edema AE that occurs in the arm.
injection-site arm edema AE
a psychiatric disorder AE that shows restlessness
WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/restlessness
restlessness AE
a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of induration with tenderness.
induration with tenderness AE
a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of fussiness
fussiness AE
a sleep disorder AE that shows decreased sleep
decreased sleep AE
a sleep disorder AE that shows increased sleep
increased sleep AE
joint pain AE
Tiredness AE is a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of tiredness.
This term appears to be a synonym to the 'fatigue AE'.
nasal discomfort AE is a respiratory system AE that shows a discomfort from the nose
an adverse event causal associate score that represents a statatical P-value to address the causal adverse event hypothesis.
a data item that represents a statistic to summarize the extent to which a particular adverse event is observed for individuals taking a specific medical intervention (e.g., a drug), compared to the frequency at which the same adverse event occurs for patients taking some other intervention (e.g., other drug or any drug in a specified class of drugs).
The PRR will typically be calculated using a surveillance database in which reports of adverse events from a variety of drugs are recorded.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11828828
an adverse event causality P-value that is calculated out of a specific Chi-square test.
P-value of adverse event causality Chi-square test
a data item that represents a threshold cutoff for filtering out those adverse event case reports that are unlikely important for a specific AE study. This is applied to the analysis of AE case resport data in an AE case reporting system such as FAERS or VAERS.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23209624
A data item that is defined as the number of patients realized with an adverse event beginning in an interval or continuing from a previous interval divided by the number of patients taking the same medical intervention within that interval. The prevalence thus indicates the number of events that began and persisted over time.
AE prevalence rate
an imaging investigation result abnormal AE that is indicated by an abnormal result of a procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body
nuclear magnetic resonance imaging result abnormal AE
a computerized tomography abnormal AE that is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create pictures of cross-sections of the body using a dye, called oral contrast, that shows up on the CT images to help better define internal organs
computerised tomogram with contrast abnormal AE
computerized tomogram with contrast abnormal AE
a computerized tomography abnormal AE that is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create pictures of cross-sections of the body
computerised tomogram without contrast abnormal AE
computerized tomogram without contrast abnormal AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of an investigation involving the cardiovascular system
cardiovascular investigation result abnormal AE
an atrioventricular block AE that some but not all atrial impulses fail to reach the ventricles, thus some ventricular beats are dropped. Electrical signals between the atria and ventricles are slowed to a large degree. Some signals don't reach the ventricles. On an EKG, the pattern of QRS waves doesn't follow each P wave as it normally would.
a cardiac and vascular investigation result abnormal AE that is an abnormal result of a test that uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the heart
echocardiogram result abnormal AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal electrolyte value
electrolyte lab test abnormal AE
an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal blood phosphorus level
blood phosphorus abnormal AE
A physical quality that has an increased level of phosphate in the blood
blood phosphorus increased
an atrioventricular block AE that complete atrioventricular dissociation occurs; atria and ventricles beat independently. None of the electrical signals reach the ventricles. This type also is called complete heart block or complete AV block. When complete heart block occurs, special areas in the ventricles may create electrical signals to cause the ventricles to contract. This natural backup system is slower than the normal heart rate and isn't coordinated with the contraction of the atria. On an EKG, the normal pattern is disrupted. The P waves occur at a faster rate that isn't coordinated with the QRS waves.
an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of potassium in the blood
blood potassium abnormal AE
a physical quality where the blood potassium level is increased.
blood potassium increased
an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of sodium in the blood
blood sodium abnormal AE
A physical quality that has an increased level of sodium in the blood
blood sodium increased
an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of magnesium in the blood
blood magnesium abnormal AE
A physical quality that has an increased level of magnesium in the blood
blood magnesium increased
an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of chloride in the blood
blood chloride abnormal AE
A physical quality that has an increased level of chloride in the blood
blood chloride increased
an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of calcium in the blood
blood calcium abnormal AE
A physical quality that has an increased level of calcium in the blood
blood calcium increased
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves the renal and urinary tract and urinalyses
renal and urinary tract investigation and urinalysis result abnormal AE
renal system investigation result abnormal AE
urinary system investigation result abnormal AE
a urinary system investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal level of creatinine in the blood
blood creatinine level abnormal AE
a urinary system investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal level of urea in the blood
blood urea level abnormal AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of a lipid analyses
lipid analysis result abnormal AE
a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal blood cholesterol level
blood cholesterol abnormal AE
a blood cholesterol abnormal AE that results in a decreased amount of cholesterol in the blood
blood cholesterol decreased AE
a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of high density lipoprotein
high density lipoprotein abnormal AE
a high density lipoprotein abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased amount of high density lipoprotein
high density lipoprotein increased AE
a high density lipoprotein abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased amount of high density lipoprotein
high density lipoprotein decreased AE
a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of low density lipoprotein
low density lipoprotein abnormal AE
a low density lipoprotein abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased amount of low density lipoprotein
low density lipoprotein increased AE
a low density lipoprotein abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased amount of low density lipoprotein
low density lipoprotein decreased AE
a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of triglycerides in the blood
blood triglycerides abnormal AE
a blood triglycerides abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased amount of triglycerides in the blood
blood triglycerides increased AE
a blood triglycerides abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased amount of triglycerides in the blood
blood triglycerides decreased AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result for an immunology and allergy investigation
immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE
a second degree atrioventricular block AE that the electrical signals are delayed more and more with each heartbeat, until the heart skips a beat. On the EKG, the delay is shown as a line (called the PR interval) between the P and QRS waves. The line gets longer and longer until the QRS waves don't follow the next P wave.
MedDRA: 10050797 is a LLT for type I second degree atrioventricular block MedDRA (LLT): 10047909 exists for Wenckebach phenomeono MedDRA (LLT): 10047908 exists for Wenchebach MedDRA (LLT): 10027787 for Mobit type I
type 1 second degree atrioventricular block
type I second degree atrioventricular block
WEB: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hb/types
an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by antibodies for epstein barr virus being detected
Epstein-Barr virus antibody positive AE
an immunology and allergy investigations result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal microbiology and serology investigation
microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE
a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by a positive CSF culture
CSF culture positive AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of a metabolic and nutritional investigation
metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE
a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal glycosylated hemoglobin level
glycosylated hemoglobin level abnormal AE
a glycosylated hemoglobin level abnormal AE that is charaterized by an increased glycosylated hemoglobin level
glycosylated hemoglobin level increased AE
This is an AE which is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.
a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal blood folate level
blood folate level abnormal AE
a blood folate abnormal AE that is charaterized by an increased blood folate level
blood folate level increased AE
a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal blood glucose level
blood glucose level abnormal AE
a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal blood homocysteine
blood homocysteine level abnormal AE
a blood homocysteine level abnormal AE that is charaterized by a decreased blood homocysteine
blood homocysteine level decreased AE
a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal blood uric acid level
blood uric acid level abnormal AE
a blood uric acid level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood uric acid
blood uric acid level decreased AE
a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal vitamin B12 level
vitamin B12 level abnormal AE
a vitamin B12 level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased vitamin B12 level
vitamin B12 level increased AE
a vitamin B12 level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased vitamin B12 level
vitamin B12 level decreased AE
a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal brain natriuretic peptide level
brain natriuretic peptide level abnormal AE
a brain natriuretic peptide level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased brain natriuretic peptide level
brain natriuretic peptide level increased AE
a brain natriuretic peptide level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased brain natriuretic peptide level
brain natriuretic peptide level decreased AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood, measured by various methods to assess the adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation and the acid-base status of the body
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arterial+blood+gas
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003855.htm
blood gases abnormal AE may be a result of lung, kidney, or metablolic diseases or the result of abnormal breathing after a head or neck injur
blood gas investigation result abnormal AE
a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003469.htm
carbon dioxide abnormal AE
a carbon dioxide abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased carbon dioxide level in the blood
carbon dioxide increased AE
a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal acidity or alkalinity of blood
WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10001
blood pH abnormal AE
a blood pH abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased blood pH
blood pH increased AE
This is an AE which is the protrusion of contents of the abdomen through a defect or weakness in the abdominal wall.
a blood pH abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood pH
blood pH decreased AE
an adverse event causality evidence that comes from the combined evidence sources
adverse event causality evidence from combined sources
a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal oxygen saturation in the blood
oxygen saturation abnormal AE
an oxygen saturation abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen
oxygen saturation increased AE
a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal carbon dioxide partial pressure or tension in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/PCO2
PCO2 abnormal AE
a PCO2 abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased carbon dioxide partial pressure or tension in the blood
PCO2 increased AE
a pPCO2 abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased carbon dioxide partial pressure or tension in the blood
PCO2 decreased AE
This is an AE which is most commonly caused by abdominal surgical procedures and the adhesions start to form within hours of surgery and may cause internal organs to attach to other organs in the abdominal cavity.
a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal oxygen partial pressure in the blood
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/PO2
PO2 abnormal AE
a PO2 abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased oxygen partial pressure in the blood
PO2 increased AE
a PO2 abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased oxygen partial pressure in the blood
PO2 decreased AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that results from an abnormal toxicology screen
toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE
a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that is characterized by positive barbiturates
barbiturates positive AE
a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that is characterized by positive cocaine
cocaine positive AE
a second degree atrioventricular block AE that some of the electrical signals don't reach the ventricles. However, the pattern is less regular than it is in Mobitz type I. Some signals move between the atria and ventricles normally, while others are blocked. On an EKG, the QRS wave follows the P wave at a normal speed. Sometimes, though, the QRS wave is missing (when a signal is blocked).
Mobitz (type) II atrioventricular block AE
type 2 second degree atrioventricular block
type II second degree atrioventricular block
WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/hb/hb_types.html
a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that is characterized by increased urine cannabinoids
urine cannabinoids increased AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation
neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE
behavioral and neurological test abnormal AE
an investigation result abnormal AE resulting from an abnormal physical examination finding
physical examination result abnormal AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of an investigation related to chromosomal abnormalities and pathologic conditions
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cytogenetic+analysis
cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal respiratory and pulmonary investigation
respiratory and pulmonary investigation result abnormal AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of an endocrine investigation
endocrine investigation result abnormal AE
an adverse event causality evidence that comes from a randomized controlled clincal trial where a medical intervention is conducted in a random fashion
adverse event causality evidence from randomized clinical trial
an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood parathyroid hormone level
blood parathyroid hormone level abnormal AE
a blood parathyroid hormone level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased blood parathyroid hormone level
blood parathyroid hormone increased AE
an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal tri-iodothyronine level
tri-iodothyronine level abnormal AE
a tri-iodothyronine level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased tri-iodothyronine level
tri-iodothyronine increased AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal protein and chemistry analysis result
protein and chemistry analysis result abnormal AE
a protein and chemistry analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood albumin level
blood albumin level abnormal AE
a blood albumin level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased blood albumin level
blood albumin level increased AE
a protein and chemistry analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal c-reactive protein level
c-reactive protein level abnormal AE
a c-reactive protein level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased c-reactive protein level
c-reactive protein level decreased AE
This is an AE which occurs when the abdomen becomes subject to increased pressure reaching past the point of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH).
a protein total abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased protein total
protein total increased AE
a protein total abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased protein total
protein total decreased AE
a cardiac and vascular investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result from a test using a radioactive tracer (called a radionuclide) and a special camera to take pictures of your heart as it pumps blood
WEB: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/SymptomsDiagnosisofHeartAttack/Radionuclide-Ventriculography-or-Radionuclide-Angiography-MUGA-Scan_UCM_446354_Article.jsp
MUGA scan result abnormal AE
a cardiac function test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal result on a cardiac stress test.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Stress+Test
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiology_diagnostic_tests_and_procedures
cardiac stress test result abnormal AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of an enzyme investigation
enzyme investigation result abnormal AE
a blood creatine phosphokinase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood creatine phosphokinase
blood creatine phosphokinase level decreased AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of a hematology investigation
hematology investigation result abnormal AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal red blood cell profile
red blood cell profile abnormal AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal white blood cell profile
white blood cell profile abnormal AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal percentage of neutrophils
neutrophil percentage abnormal AE
a neutrophil percentage abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased percentage of neutrophils
neutrophil percentage decreased AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal basophil count
basophil count abnormal AE
a basophil count abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased basophil count
basophil count decreased AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal eosinophil percentage
eosinophil percentage abnormal AE
an eosinophil percentage abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased eosinophil percentage
eosinophil percentage decreased AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal leukocyte cell number
leukocyte cell number abnormal AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal granulocyte count
granulocyte count abnormal AE
a granulocyte count abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased granulocyte count
granulocyte count increased AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal lymphocyte cell number
lymphocyte count abnormal AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal lymphocyte percentage
lymphocyte percentage abnormal AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal monocyte percentage
monocyte percentage abnormal AE
This is an AE which is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.
a monoctyte percentage abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased monocyte percentage
monocyte percentage decreased AE
an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood lactate dehydrogenase level
blood lactate dehydrogenase level abnormal AE
a blood lactate dehydrogenase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood lactate dehydrogenase
blood lactate dehydrogenase level decreased AE
an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal troponin level
troponin level abnormal AE
an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal muscle enzyme level
muscle enzyme level abnormal AE
a muscle enzyme level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased muscle enzyme level
muscle enzyme level decreased AE
an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal myoglobin level in the blood
myoglobin blood abnormal AE
a myoglobin blood abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased myoglobin level in the blood
myoglobin blood increased AE
a myoglobin blood abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased myoglobin level in the blood
myoglobin blood decreased AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of a gastrointestinal investigation
gastrointestinal investigation result abnormal AE
a gastrointestinal investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood amylase level
blood amylase level abnormal AE
a blood amylase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood amylase level
blood amylase level decreased AE
a gastrointestinal investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal lipase level
lipase level abnormal AE
a lipase level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased lipase level
lipase level increased AE
a lipase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased lipase level
lipase level decreased AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal liver related investigation result
liver related investigation result abnormal AE
a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal level of transaminases
transaminase level abnormal AE
a transaminase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased level of transaminases
transaminase level decreased AE
a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal aspartate aminotransferase level
aspartate aminotransferase level abnormal AE
an aspartate aminotransferase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased aspartate aminotransferase level
aspartate aminotransferase level decreased AE
a gamma-glutamyltransferase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased gamma-glutamyltransferase level
gamma-glutamyltransferase level decreased AE
a blood bilirubin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood bilirubin level
blood bilirubin level decreased AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of an imaging investigation
imaging investigation result abnormal AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood thromboplastin level
blood thromboplastin level abnormal AE
a blood thromboplastin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood thromboplastin level
blood thromboplastin level decreased AE
a hematology investigations result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal coagulation factor v level
coagulation factor v level abnormal AE
a coagulation factor v level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased coagulation factor v level
coagulation factor v level increased AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal prothrombin level
prothrombin level abnormal AE
a prothrombin level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased prothrombin level
prothrombin level increased AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal prothrombin time
prothrombin time abnormal AE
a prothrombin time abnormal AE that is characterized by a shortened prothrombin time
prothrombin time shortened AE
a full blood count abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased full blood count
full blood count increased AE
a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal red blood cell count
red blood cell count abnormal AE
a red blood cell count abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased red blood cell count
red blood cell count increased AE
a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal hematocrit
hematocrit abnormal AE
a hematocrit abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased hematocrit
hematocrit increased AE
a hemoglobin level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased hemoglobin level
hemoglobin level increased AE
a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal mean corpuscular volume
mean corpuscular volume abnormal AE
a mean corpuscular volume abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased mean corpuscular volume
mean corpuscular volume increased AE
a mean corpuscular volume abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased mean corpuscular volume
mean corpuscular volume decreased AE
a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal mean cell hemoglobin level
mean cell hemoglobin level abnormal AE
a mean cell hemoglobin level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased mean cell hemoglobin level
mean cell hemoglobin level increased AE
a mean cell hemoglobin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased mean cell hemoglobin level
mean cell hemoglobin level decreased AE
a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal mean cell hemoglobin concentration
mean cell hemoglobin concentration abnormal AE
a mean cell hemoglobin concentration abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased mean cell hemoglobin concentration
mean cell hemoglobin concentration increased AE
a mean cell hemoglobin concentration abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased mean cell hemoglobin concentration
mean cell hemoglobin concentration decreased AE
a conduction system disorder that refers to abnormalities in SN impulse formation and propagation and includes sinus bradycardia, sinus pause/arrest, chronotropic incompetence, and sinoatrial exit block.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/158064-overview
a coronary artery disorder AE that takes place in or is related to the coronary inside the heart
Even though 'coronary disorder AE' seems to be a more general term of 'coronary artery disorder AE' that should place 'coronary disorder AE' as a parent of 'coronary artery disorder AE', KB's comment from clinical perspective is that these two terms are synonymous in practice, and coronary disorder almost always means coronary artery disorder. If 'coronary disorder AE' gets picked up from reports, it is a generalized term of 'coronary artery disorder AE'; and thereofore, we created a place holder for this term under 'coronary artery disorder AE'
a myocardial infarction AE in which the inferior wall of the heart is involved. It is often caused by occlusion of the right coronary artery.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=inferior+wall+myocardial+infarction
a myocardial infarction AE in which the anterior wall of the heart is involved. Anterior wall myocardial infarction is often caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. It can be categorized as anteroseptal or anterolateral wall myocardial infarction.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=anterior+wall+myocardial+infarction
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blast cell count
blast cell count abnormal AE
a blast cell count abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blast cell count
blast cell count decreased AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal platelet count
platelet count abnormal AE
a platelet count abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased platelet count
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thrombocytosis
platelet count increased AE
a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal eosinophil count
eosinophil count abnormal AE
an eosinophil count abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased eosinophil count
eosinophil count decreased AE
a hypertension AE that is characterized by high blood pressure in the systemic arteries - the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body's tissues (other than the lungs).
WEB: http://www.pted.org/?id=syshypertension1
a hypotension AE that has an outcome of a decrease in the amount of pressure the heart generates when pumping blood through arteries to the rest of the body
a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by an impaired function of a papillary muscle, usually due to ischemia or infarction, with resulting incompetence of the mitral (rarely tricuspid) valve.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/papillary+muscle+dysfunction
a hypertension AE that has an outcome of an increase in the amount of pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/diastolic-and-systolic-blood-pressure-know-your-numbers
a hypertension AE that has an outcome of an increase in the amount of pressure the heart generates when pumping blood through arteries to the rest of the body
a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that is a condition in nwhich the right ventricle of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to heart failure or myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular complicationns.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=right%20ventricular%20dysfunction
an arrhythmia AE that is characterized by a premature contraction of the ventricle
WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ventricular+extrasystole
an embolism disorder AE that is a result of an obstruction in a cardiac vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matters
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Heart+embolism
a vascular disorder AE that is characterized by an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/embolism
an adverse event causity that represents a retrodictrive causal relation between an adverse event and a medical intervention. Specifically, it addresses this question: given an individual who has received a medical intervention and developed the adverse event, was the event caused by the medical intervention?
an arrhythmia AE that results in extra, abnormal heartbeats that begin in one of the heart's two lower pumping chambers (ventricles). These extra beats disrupt the regular heart rhythm, sometimes causing the patient to feel a flip-flop or skipped beat in the chest.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/premature-ventricular-contractions/DS00949
a cardiac valve disease AE that is charaterized by the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle, owing to imperfect functioning of the pulmonary valve
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/pulmonary_valve_incompetence.htm
a cardiac vavle disease AE that is characterized by a congenital heart defect in which blood flow from the heart to the pulmonary artery is blocked
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pulmonary+Valve+Stenosis
a vasculitis AE that is an inflammation specific to an artery or arteries
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arteritis
a process quality that represents the level of severity of an adverse event.
severity of adverse event
a vascular disorder AE that results in an abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001122.htm
aneurysm AE
a vascular disorder that affects the veins or blood circulation of the veins
venous disorder AE
an aneurysm AE that results in the weakening of the balloon-like bulge that the blood pressure causes the artery wall to leak or burst
WEB: http://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-AneurRupt.htm#.Uor4tI3QHh0
aneurysm ruptured AE
an aneurysm AE that refers to an aneurysm involving cardiac tissue. This most often occurs as a ventricular aneurysm following a myocardial infarction
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19239694
cardiac aneurysm AE
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/tc/aortic-aneurysm-overview
aortic aneurysm AE
an aneurysm ruptured AE that occurs in the aorta
aortic aneurysm rupture AE
an aortic disorder AE in which there is a separation of the aorta walls. The small tear can become larger. It can lead to bleeding into and along the wall of the aorta, the major artery carrying blood out of the heart.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000181.htm
aortic dissection AE
an aneurysm ruptured AE that occurs in the brain where blood spurts into the subarachnoid space under arterial pressure, continuing until increased local or generalized intracranial pressure stops the bleeding.
WEB: http://ether.stanford.edu/library/neuroanesthesia/Journal%20Articles/Ruptured%20cerebral%20aneurysms.pdf
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647574
ruptured cerebral aneurysm AE
WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cerebral_aneurysm/detail_cerebral_aneurysms.htm
intracranial aneurysm AE
a thrombosis AE that is a rare lesion and may be defined as a thrombosis of a vessel without any obvious underlying cause that occurs in the aorta
WEB: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/17/5/941.full.pdf
aortic thrombosis AE
an arterial thrombosis AE that is characterized by the occurrence of a thrombus in the carotid arteries (two large blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the large, front part of the brain)
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/carotid-artery-disease-causes-symptoms-tests-and-treatment
carotid artery thrombosis AE
an arterial embolism AE that occurs in the cerebral artery
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+embolism
cerebral artery embolism AE
an arterial thrombosis AE that occurs in the cerebral artery, also referred to as an embolism AE
[SS] Per DRA and KKB's comment, this term may also be characterized as a type of embolism even though labeled thrombosis.
cerebral artery thrombosis AE
a venous thrombosis AE that is characterized by thrombosis of the venous channels in the brain. It is an uncommon cause of cerebral infarction relative to arterial disease, but it is an important consideration because of its potential morbidity.
[SS] From http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+venous+thrombosis, Merwarth syndrome - progressive hemiplegia due to venous occlusion. Synonym(s): cerebral venous thrombosis
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1162804-overview
cerebral venous thrombosis AE
a venous thrombosis AE that occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain’s venous sinuses that prevents blood from draining out of the brain. As a result, blood cells may break and leak blood into the brain tissues, forming a hemorrhage.
WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis_134,69/
intracranial venous sinus thrombosis AE
an embolism AE that is caused by a gas bubble that enters the vein
[SS] The term 'gas embolism' is listed as a unique term, and not a superset or a synonym of 'air embolism' due to the different pathology reconized by physicians that air embolism is mostly recognized when an air bubble caused by IV or other injection device enters the vein, while a gas embolism is mostly caused by a gas bubble released as a product of an infection, or other devices such as nitrogen tank.
a thrombosis that is characterized by a clot that blocks blood flow a mesenteric vein, one of two veins through which blood leaves the intestine. The condition interrupts the blood supply to the intestine and can result in damage to the intestines.
[SS] http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/193921-overview, Mesenteric venous thrombosis (also known as visceral venous thrombosis) is a rare but lethal form of mesenteric ischemia (see the image below). Antonio Hodgson first described mesenteric ischemia in the latter part of the 15th century. In 1895, Elliot first described mesenteric venous thrombosis as a cause of mesenteric ischemia. By the turn of the 19th century, many review articles and texts were describing the recent advances in the characterization and treatment of mesenteric ischemia, particularly venous thrombosis. In 1935, Warren and Eberhard reported that intestinal infarction resulted from ischemia due to venous thrombosis, and they reported a mortality rate of 34% in patients with venous thrombosis after resection. Unfortunately, despite improvements in therapy, this mortality rate still holds.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001157.htm
mesenteric vein thrombosis AE
a thrombosis AE that is an uncommon condition induced by thrombotic or nonthrombotic obstruction of hepatic venous outflow and characterized by hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/184430-overview
Budd-Chiari syndrome AE
a thrombosis AE that occurs in the vein carrying the blood away from the retina
[SS] The term 'retinal vein thrombosis' is listed as a different class from 'retinal vein occlusion' for the difference in the pathological process of how the blockage occurs in the vein.
an adverse event causity that represents a predictive causal relation between an adverse event and a medical intervention. Specifically, it addresses this question: will the next person who received a medical intervention will develop the adverse event? Or: how frequently will vaccine recipients experience the adverse event as a result of a medical intervention?
an embolism AE that occurs in the artery. It is a sudden interruption of blood flow to an organ or body part due to a clot (embolus).
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001102.htm
arterial embolism AE
a thrombosis AE* that is a result of when a blood vessel is obstructed by a blood clot (embolus) that has been carried in the bloodstream from the site of its formation. Thromboembolic disease includes both venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis. VTE is an general term which refers to mainly two conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its potentially fatal acute complication, pulmonary embolism (PE). Arterial embolism is a frequent complication in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and can lead to stroke or systemic embolism. * see editor note
[SS] Per DRA and KKB's comment, this term is synonymous to venous thrombosis even though labeled embolism. Cross-reference is made via seeAlso.
WEB: http://www.boehringer-ingelheim.com/products/prescription_medicines/thromboembolic_diseases.html
venous embolism AE
an embolism AE that is characterized by the obstruction of blood vessel by fat droplets
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460524-overview#showall
fat embolism AE
a embolism AE that is infected with bacteria containing pus
WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153704.php
septic embolus AE
a thrombosis AE that occurs in or may be caused by an implanted device in the body
thrombosis in device AE
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22802583
This term is obsolete since there is another term with the same name already. Oliver
obsolete: thrombotic microangiopathy AE
an arterial thrombosis AE that occurs in the limb(s) of the body
arterial thrombosis limb AE
eye inflammation AE
injection site thrombosis AE
a deep vein thrombosis AE that occurs in the pelvis. Ovarian vein thrombosis arises out of the coincident conditions of venous stasis and hypercoagulability, which are commonly present in the recently postpartum patient.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/404364-overview
pelvic venous thrombosis AE
an embolism AE that is charaterized by a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The blockage usually is caused by a blood clot that travels to the lung from a vein in the leg.
WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/
peripheral embolism AE
a thrombosis AE that occurs in subclavian vein. Among patients with effort-induced thrombosis with subclavian vein stenosis, the thrombosis occurs in the dominant arm in 80% of cases.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424777-overview#showall
subclavian vein thrombosis AE
a thrombophlebitis AE that is characterized by an inflammation of a vein due to a blood clot in a vein located just below the skin's surface.
YH: MedDRA: 10043595 is for "thrombophlebitis superficial"; MedDRA: 10042554 is for "superficial thrombophlebitis"
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000199.htm
superficial thrombophlebitis AE
venous thrombosis limb AE
a thrombosis that is characterized by a blockage of the small veins that carry blood away from the retina. The retina is the layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye that converts light images to nerve signals and sends them to the brain.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007330.htm
retinal vein occlusion AE
a thrombosis AE that occurs in the atrium (left or right)
WEB: http://ehjcimaging.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/1/204.full
atrial thrombosis AE
an arterial thrombosis AE that occurs in the coronary artery
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Coronary+embolism
coronary artery thrombosis AE
a sleep apnea AE is a sleep disorder AE in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. Basically, it is a crossproduct of sleep disorder AE and apnea AE.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/basics/definition/con-20020286
sleep apnea AE
a brain AE that occurs when flow of oxygen-rich blood to a portion of the brain is blocked
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke
WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/
a stroke AE that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain becomes blocked or "clogged" and impairs blood flow to part of the brain.
WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/types_of_stroke_85,P00813/
ischemic stroke AE
a stroke AE that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain ruptures and bleeds causing the deficiency of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells and tissues
hemorrhagic stroke AE
a haemorrhagic stroke AE that is cuased by hypertension (high blood pressure), and bleeding occurs suddenly and rapidly.
intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke AE
a haemorrhagic stroke AE that is cuased by the bleeding (haemorrhage) between the brain and the meninges (the membrane that covers the brain) in the subarachnoid space.
subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke AE
an ischaemic stroke AE that is caused by a thrombus (blood clot) that develops in the arteries supplying blood to the brain
thrombotic stroke AE
an ischaemic stroke AE that is caused by an embolus (a blood clot that formms elsewhere in the body and travels through the bloodstream to the brain).
embolic stroke AE
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a mental illness or psychiatiric disorder. The mental illness is a mental or behavioral pattern or anomaly that causes either suffering or an impaired ability to function in ordinary life (disability), and which is not developmentally or socially normative.
mental disorder AE
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of a adjustment disorder. An adjustment disorder is an unexpectedly strong emotional or behavioral reaction that occurs in response to an identifiable stressful life event or life change that occurred within the previous three months.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/adjustment-disorder
adjustment disorder AE
an adjustment disorder AE that has an additional depressed mood. The person is more depressed than would be expected after a stressful event.
WEB: http://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/library/adult_health/bha_adjustment_disorder_with_depressed_mood/
adjustment disorder with depressed mood AE
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding from anastomosis site. Anastomosis: pathological formation of an opening between two normally distinct spaces or organs.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anastomosis
anastomotic bleeding AE
a clostridial infection AE that is caused by C. difficule.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/basics/definition/CON-20029664?p=1
Clostridium difficile infection AE
a bacteraemia AE that is more specifically associated with a Gram-negative bacterium.
Gram-negative bacteremia AE
a physical quality that a drug level inside a host increases
drug level increase
a quality that represents the level of critical or lethal reaction to an erroneous dosage of a drug medication.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+toxicity
Drug toxicity may occur due to human error or intentional overdose in the case of suicide or homicide.
drug toxicity
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of massive amounts of blood loss. A typical Intraoperative hemorrhage has a blood loss exceeding 1000 mL or requires a blood transfusion
WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-hemorrhage-in-gynecologic-surgery
an abscess AE that shows a cavity of pus within the pancreas
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000270.htm
a sugery AE that has an adverse outcome where the recipient’s body rejects the pancreas transplantation.
WEB: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/436542_13
an infection AE that has an outcome of a severe local inflammation, usually with pus formation, generally caused by one of the pyogenic bacteria.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=44396
WEB: http://medicine.academic.ru/123590/fever_of_unknown_origin
a temporal interval that starts at the time a medical intervention occurs and ends at the time when the initial bodily process occurs.
time interval for initial process after medical intervention
a temporal interval that starts at the time in the end of the initial process and ends at the time when the final process leading to an adverse event clinical outcome occurs.
time interval for intermediate causal AE process
a temporal interval that covers the time period of the final process leading to the display of clinical outcome.
time interval for AE process showing clinical outcome
a pathological bodily process that starts to occur after a medical intervention.
initial stage causal AE sub-process
a pathological bodily process that occurs in the middle of the causal adverse event process, i.e., after the initial causal AE process and before the last AE process that results in the adverse outcome.
intermediate stage causal AE sub-process
a pathological bodily process that occurs in the last stage of adverse event and results in the adverse clinical outcome. This clinical outcome may come as a result of causal adverse event (caused by the medical intervention), or result from an unrelevant cause (i.e., not the designated medical intervention).
AE process showing pathological clinical outcome
late stage AE formation sub-process
a temporal interval that starts at the time a medical intervention occurs and ends at the time an adverse event ends. The adverse event ends when the patient recovers from the adverse event or dies due to the severity of the adverse event.
adverse event time period
an organism that has the role of 'patient role'.
patient
an adverse event tme period whent the adverse event is causal adverse event.
time interval for causal AE
a causality of AE based on the Naranjo ADR probability scale method.
causality based on Naranjo ADR probability scale
a Naranjo ADR probability scale that shows definite causality result. It happens when the score is >=9.
Definite Naranjo ADR probability
a Naranjo ADR probability scale that shows probable causality result. It happens when the score is 5-8.
Probably Naranjo ADR probability
a Naranjo ADR probability scale that shows possible causality result. It happens when the score is 1-4.
Possible Naranjo ADR probability
a Naranjo ADR probability scale that shows doubtful causality result. It happens when the score is <=0.
Doubtful Naranjo ADR probability
a causality of AE that is based on the Clinical Data Interchange Consortium (CDISC) system
causality based on the Clinical Data Interchange Consortium (CDISC) system
Burnstead B, Furlan G. Unifying drug safety and clinical databases. Curr Drug Saf. 2013 Feb;8(1):56-62. PMID: 23656448.
WEB: http://www.cdisc.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/3fa5f30f40ce5ecc7b3f91e558b55f73/misc/study_data_tabulation_model_v1_4.pdf
AE causality based on CDISC system
an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Not Related".
Not Related AE causality based on CDISC system
an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Possibly Related".
Possibly Related AE causality based on CDISC system
an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Unlikely Related".
Unlikely Related AE causality based on CDISC system
an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Definitely Related".
WEB: http://www.cdisc.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/5aee16f59e8d6bd2083dbb5c1639f224/misc/adam_ae_final_v1.pdf
Definitely Related AE causality based on CDISC system
an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Probably Related".
Probably Related AE causality based on CDISC system
an AE causality that is based on the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS).
causality based on DIPS score
a causality based on DIPS score that is "Highly Probable". It occurs when the sore is >8.
Highly Probable causality based on DIPS score
a causality based on DIPS score that is "Probable". It occurs when the sore is 5-8.
Probable causality based on DIPS score
a causality based on DIPS score that is "Possible". It occurs when the sore is 2-4.
Possible causality based on DIPS score
a causality based on DIPS score that is "Doubtful". It occurs when the sore is <2.
Doubtful causality based on DIPS score
a severity of AE that shows sign and symptom within normal limits.
Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_0_Adverse_Event
Note the AE severity Grade 0 equals to CTCAE G0 AE severity.
AE severity G0
a severity of AE that shows asymptomatic, or involves mild or minor symptoms, or is of marginal clinical relevance, or consists of clinical or diagnostic observations alone, or where intervention is not indicated, or where only non-prescription intervention is indicated.
Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_1_Adverse_Event
Note the AE severity Grade 1 equals to CTCAE G1 AE severity.
AE severity G1
a severity of AE for which only minimal, local, or noninvasive intervention (e.g. packing, cautery) is indicated, or that limits instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs, e.g., shopping, laundry, transportation, or ability to conduct finances).
Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_2_Adverse_Event
Note the AE severity Grade 2 equals to CTCAE G2 AE severity.
AE severity G2
a severity of AE that shows an outcome which is medically significant but not life-threatening; or for which inpatient care or prolongation of hospitalization are indicated; or that is an important medical event that does not result in hospitalization, but may jeopardize the patient or may require intervention either to prevent hospitalization, to prevent the AE from becoming life-threatening or causing death; or that is disabling; or that results in persistent or significant disability, incapacity, or limitation of self care activities of daily living (ADLs, getting in and out of bed, dressing, eating, getting around inside, bathing, or using the toilet).
Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_3_Adverse_Event
Note the AE severity Grade 3 equals to CTCAE G3 AE severity.
AE severity G3
a severity of AE that has life-threatening consequences, for which urgent intervention is indicated, that puts the patient is at risk of death at the time of the event if immediate intervention is not undertaken, or that causes blindness or deafness (need to decide if unilateral or bilateral).
Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_4_Adverse_Event
Note the AE severity Grade 4 equals to CTCAE G4 AE severity.
AE severity G4
Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_5_Adverse_Event
Note the AE severity Grade 5 equals to CTCAE G5 AE severity.
AE severity G5
a blood phosphate abnormal AE that has an abnormally increased amount of phosphate in the blood
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperphosphatemia
hyperphosphatemia AE
a clincal laboratory test that performs a medical examination using X-ray, a type of electromagnetic radiation.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003337.htm
X-ray clinical test
a respiratory distress AE that is characterized by insufficient oxygen flow in the heart and respiratory system.
WEB: http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/lung_diseases/about/signs/Pages/index.aspx, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cardiorespiratory
cardio-respiratory distress AE
A joint disorder AE that has the presence of increased intra-articular fluid. It can be caused by trauma, arthritis, or gout and often affects the knee.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_effusion
joint effusion AE
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows a problem with the stomach, ranging from indigestion and heartburn to peptic ulcers and GERD.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/stomachdisorders.html
gastric disorder AE
A medical intervention that involves the replacement of bodily fluids excessively lost. Fluids may be replaced orally or intravenously.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/basics/treatment/con-20030056
fluid replacement
An inflammation AE that displays an inflammation (not an infection) of the thyroid gland.
thyroiditis AE
a urinary system AE that has an outcome of the excretion of glucose into the urine.
web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glycosuria
glucosuria AE
an inflammation AE that shows localized nodular inflammation found in tissues.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/granuloma/expert-answers/faq-20057838
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3629
granuloma AE
a burning sensation AE that occurs at the skin.
skin burning sensation AE
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of numbness, a loss of sensation of feeling in a part of the body.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/numbness/basics/definition/sym-20050938
numbness AE
a pneumonia AE that occurs at the interstitial lung. Interstitial pneumonia is often caused by an infection of bacteria, viruses, or fungii. A bacterium called Mycoplasma pneumonia is the most common cause.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/lung/interstitial-lung-disease
interstitial pneumonia AE
a numbness AE that occurs around the mouth.
The terms 'circumoral numbness AE' and 'circumoral paresthesia AE' appear to be synonyms.
WEB: http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F3-540-29623-9_6515
circumoral numbness AE
Skin necrosis AE is a necrosis AE that results in the death of the skin tissue. Skin necrosis often occurs when not enough blood and oxygen are supplied to a given skin region.
skin necrosis AE
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) syndrome AE is a lupus syndrome AE that is systemic and disseminated. SLE most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. Although “lupus” actually includes a number of different diseases, SLE is the most common type of lupus, and when people say “lupus,” they are often referring to SLE.
systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome AE
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/systemic-lupus-erythematosus#Overview1
systemic lupus erythematosus AE
Urgent urination AE is a urinary system AE that has an outcome of a sudden, compelling urge to urinate, along with discomfort in the bladder.
WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0085606/
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htm
Precordialgia AE is a pain AE that pain located in the precordial region.
WEB: http://www.drugs.com/dict/precordialgia.html
Dyshidrosis AE is a skin AE that shows a disorder of eccrine sweat glands, characterized by small blisters on the hands or feet.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyshidrosis
Ankle swelling AE is an edema AE that shows abnormal buildup of fluid in the ankles. Ankle swelling is a sign of fluid buildup or inflammation of the joint and tissues of the ankle. Mild ankle swelling is a common occurrence after standing for a long period.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/ankle-swelling
Renal dysfunction AE is a kidney AE that has an outcome of reduced capacity to excrete metabolic products which accumulate systemically and are detectable clinicopathologically by renal function tests. The early stage of uremia.
This term appears to be a synonym to the 'renal failure AE'.
Epiphora AE is a eye AE that shows an overflow of tears onto the face. In this case, there is insufficient tear film drainage from the eyes, and the tears will drain down the face rather than through the nasolacrimal system.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphora_(medicine)
Hemolytic anemia AE is an anemia AE associated with hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular). Such an AE can be relatively harmless or life-threatening.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic_anemia
a behavioral and neurological AE where somniloquy also is called sleep-talking, a parasomnia that refers to talking aloud while asleep. Somniloquy can be quite loud, ranging from simple mumbling sounds to loud shouts and long frequently inarticulate speeches, and can occur many times during a sleep cycle. As with sleepwalking and night terrors, sleeptalking usually occurs during the less-deep delta-wave NREM sleep stages or during temporary arousals therefrom.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somniloquy
Cholelithiasis AE is a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that shows hard deposits forming inside the gallbladder. Gallstones may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone
Blepharoptosis AE is an eye AE that shows droopy upper eyelid or ptosis that presents with substantial blockage upper part of field of vision, risk of amblyopia among young children, and dramatic change in the facial appearance.
WEB: http://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharoptosis
A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to, at which point AE symptoms begin to arise. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses.
A healing process that leads to an outcome with improved relative health from an adverse event
an AE recovery rate that represents a rate of adverse event recovery
An AE recovery that is sepcifically for recovery from a chemotherapy drug adverse event.
an information content entity that represents an extent of recovery from an adverse event
an extent of AE recovery that has an outcome of incomplete recovery
an epileptic seizure AE that is characterized by tonic-clonic seizures, involving two phases -- the tonic phase in which the body becomes rigid, and clonic phase in which there is uncontrolled jerking.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=32957
Erythema simplex AE is an erythema AE that accompany with blushing or redness of the skin caused by a toxic reaction or a neurovascular phenomenon.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/erythema+simplex
Pelvic pain AE is a pain AE that occurs in the lower abdomen area. The pain might be steady, or it might come and go. If the pain is severe, it might get in the way of people's daily activities.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pelvicpain.html
pelvic pain AE
Extrasystoles AE is an arrhythmia AE that shows a premature contraction of the heart that is independent of the normal rhythm of the heart and arises in response to an impulse in some part of the heart other than the normal impulse from the sinoatrial node. The extrasystole is followed by a pause, as the heart electrical system "resets" itself and the contraction following the pause is usually more forceful than normal.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=32159
An increased upper airway secretion AE is a respiratory system AE characterized by an increased secretion at the upper airway location.
increased upper airway secretion AE
Feeling of body temperature change AE is a feeling abnormal AE that a patient feels a change in body temperature.
feeling of body temperature change AE
Heartburn AE is a gastric disorder AE that also known as pyrosis, cardialgia, or acid indigestion. It's a burning sensation in the chest, just behind the breastbone or in the epigastrium, the upper central abdomen. The pain often rises in the chest and may radiate to the neck, throat, or angle of the jaw.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn
Tonsillitis AE is an inflammation AE that is inflammation of the tonsils most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms may include sore throat and fever.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitis
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus AE is a diabetes mellitus AE which is also called diabetes mellitus type 2, it's characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the context of insulin resistance and relative lack of insulin.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus AE
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus AE is a diabetes mellitus AE which is also called diabetes mellitus type 1. It results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_1
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus AE
a hyporeflexia AE where the patient shows no sign of reflexes.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20423
Mastauxea AE is a reproductive system AE that shows enlargement of the breast.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mastauxe
Uveitis AE is an inflammation AE that is inflammation of the uvea, which lines the inside of the eye behind the cornea.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveitis
uveitis AE
Sexual dysfunctions AE is a reproductive system AE that is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction
Hypomnesia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is an archaic term applied to poor memory, the impaired ability to recall information previously memorized.
WEB: http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Hypomnesia
Phobia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobia
Lymphadenectasis AE is an edema AE that shows enlargement of the lymph node.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphadenectasis
Asterixis AE is a tremor AE that also called the flapping tremor, or liver flap, which is a tremor of the hand when the wrist is extended, sometimes said to resemble a bird flapping its wings. This motor disorder is characterized by an inability to actively maintain a position, which is demonstrated by jerking movements of the outstretched hands when bent upward at the wrist. The tremor is caused by abnormal function of the diencephalic motor centers in the brain, which regulate the muscles involved in maintaining position.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterixis
Parageusia AE is a gustatory system AE which is the medical term for a bad taste in the mouth. One common form of parageusia is a metallic taste of food. This can be a side effect of several medications, such as acetazolamide, eszopiclone, zopiclone, metronidazole, or etoposide. Metallic taste is also a type of dysgeusia which is frequently associated with infections in the mouth or upper airways.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parageusia
Brain damage AE is a brain AE that also called brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damage
Frequent bowel movements AE is a abnormal stool AE that people are having more bowel movements than is normal for them. Often, frequent bowel movements are accompanied by diarrhea, the passage of loosely formed stool.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/frequent-bowel-movements
frequent bowel movements AE
Hyperprolactinemia AE is an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that is the presence of abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood. Normal levels are less than 500 mIU/L [20 ng/mL or µg/L] for women, and less than 450 mIU/L for men.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperprolactinaemia
Galactorrhea AE is a reproductive system AE that is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast, unassociated with childbirth or nursing.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactorrhea
Sitophobia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows a morbid or insane dread of eating.
WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitophobia
sitophobia AE
Ejection murmur AE is a cardiac disorder AE which is due to turbulent forward flow across the right and left ventricular outflow tract, aortic or pulmonary valve, or through the aorta or pulmonary artery.
WEB: http://www.cardiologysite.com/auscultation/html/ejection_murmurs.html
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder AE is a libido disorder AE that is considered a sexual dysfunction and is characterized as a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, as judged by a clinician.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder
Bigotry AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a state of mind where a person strongly and unfairly dislikes other people, ideas, etc.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigotry
Somnambulisma AE is a behavior and neurological AE that also known as sleepwalking or noctambulism, which is a sleep disorder belonging to the parasomnia family. It arise from the slow wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness. These activities can be as benign as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, and cleaning, or as hazardous as cooking, driving, violent gestures, grabbing at hallucinated objects, or even homicide.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepwalking
Hyperphagia AE is an eating disorder AE that also called polyphagia. It's a medical sign meaning excessive hunger and abnormally large intake of solids by mouth. It can be caused by disorders such as diabetes, Kleine–Levin syndrome (a malfunction in the hypothalamus), the genetic disorders Prader–Willi syndrome, and Bardet–Biedl syndrome.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphagia
Corneal pigmentation is a eye AE shows that the melanin is in the superficial stroma and the basal layer of the corneal epithelium.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/corneal+pigmentation
Chromatos AE is a skin AE shows that deposit of pigment in a normally unpigmented area or excessive pigmentation in a normally pigmented site.
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/chromatosis
Subclavian steal syndrome AE is an ischaemia AE that is a constellation of signs and symptoms that arise from retrograde (reversed) flow of blood in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery, due to a proximal stenosis (narrowing) and/or occlusion of the subclavian artery. The arm may be supplied by blood flowing in a retrograde direction down the vertebral artery at the expense of the vertebrobasilar circulation. This is called the subclavian steal.
subclavian steal steno-occlusive disease AE
Allergic rhinitis AE is a rhinitis AE that is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. It occurs when an allergen, such as pollen, dust, or animal dander (particles of shed skin and hair) is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_rhinitis
Ventricular ectopic beats AE is a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, in which beats arise from fiber or group of fibers outside the region in the heart muscle ordinarily responsible for impulse formation.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopic_beat
Sjogren syndrome AE is a eye AE that is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body's white blood cells destroy the exocrine glands, specifically the salivary and lacrimal glands, that produce saliva and tears, respectively.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren's_syndrome
sjogren syndrome AE
Nocturia AE is a urine abnormality AE that is defined by the International Continence Society as “the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding”.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturia
Night sweat is a sweating AE that is the occurrence of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis and focal hyperhidrosis) during sleep. The sufferer may or may not also suffer from excessive perspiration while awake.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_sweats
Increased appetite AE is a gustatory system AE that is when people want to eat much more often or in larger quantities than their body requires.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/increased-appetite
Vascular dilatation headache AE is a headache AE that shows headache which caused by vascular dilatation.
WEB: http://www.headaches.org/education/Headache_Topic_Sheets/Vascular_Headaches
Bundle-branch block AE is a conduction system disorder AE that refers to a defect of the heart's electrical conduction system.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundle_branch_block
Unstable diabetes AE is a diabetes mellitus AE that is a type of diabetes when a person's blood glucose level often swings quickly from high to low and from low to high.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7271
Tendon rupture AE is a tendon disorder AE shows a tearing of the tendon that occurs when the forces placed upon the tendon exceed its tensile strength.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tendon+rupture
Tendovaginitis AE is an inflammation AE that is an acute or chronic inflammation of the tendon sheath, occurring in the region of the hand, the wrist joint, the forearm (radial and ulnar tenobursitis), the foot, the ankle joint, and the Achilles tendon (achillobursitis).
WEB: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Tendovaginitis
Loose stools AE is a abnormal stool AE that is usually a form of diarrhea and many conditions causing loose stool will be listed under diarrhea. It may also be related to watery stool (also within the spectrum of diarrhea).
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/loose_stool.htm
Cystitis AE is an inflammation AE that is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it's called a urinary tract infection.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/basics/definition/con-20024076
Eructation AE is a digestive system AE that is the release of gas from the digestive tract (mainly esophagus and stomach) through the mouth. It is usually accompanied with a typical sound and, at times, an odor.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burping
Glossolalia AE is a speech disorder AE that is the fluid vocalizing of speech-like syllables that lack any readily comprehended meaning.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossolalia
Leg pain AE is a pain AE that is a common problem in leg, it can be due to a cramp, injury, or other cause.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003182.htm
Stomachache AE is a pain AE that the pain in or near your stomach. It is a common symptom associated with transient disorders or serious disease.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_pain http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ache-abdominal-pain/Pages/Introduction.aspx
Conduction block AE is a conduction system disorder AE that shows failure of impulse transmission at some point along a nerve fiber, although conduction along the segments proximal and distal to it are unaffected.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10757
Photodermatitis AE is a dermatitis AE that referred to as sun poisoning or photoallergy, is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodermatitis
Pygalgia AE is a pain AE that is a rarely used term meaning pain in the buttocks.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=74312
Throat irritation AE is a discomfort AE that refers to a dry cough, a scratchy feeling at the back of the throat, or a sensation of a lumpy feeling or something stuck at the back of the throat.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throat_irritation
Interstitial nephritis AE is an inflammation AE that is a form of nephritis affecting the interstitium of the kidneys surrounding the tubules. This disease can be either acute, meaning it occurs suddenly, or chronic, meaning it is ongoing and eventually ends in kidney failure.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_nephritis
Hoarseness AE is a hoarseness AE that refers to a difficulty making sounds when trying to speak. Vocal sounds may be weak, breathy, scratchy, or husky, and the pitch or quality of the voice may change.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003054.htm
Photosensitization AE is a hypersensitivity AE that refers to development of abnormally heightened reactivity of the skin or eyes to sunlight.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/photosensitization
Fanconi syndrome AE is a kidney AE that is a disease of the proximal renal tubules of the kidney in which glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate are passed into the urine, instead of being reabsorbed.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanconi_syndrome
Keratoconjunctivitis AE is an inflammation AE that is inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. When only the cornea is inflamed, it is called keratitis; when only the conjunctiva is inflamed, it is called conjunctivitis.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratoconjunctivitis
Hepatic insufficiency AE is a liver disorder AE that shows a failure or partial failure of normal liver function.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+insufficiency
Hypoxemia AE is a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood. More specifically, it is oxygen deficiency in arterial blood.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxemia
Irritant contact dermatitis AE is a dermatitis AE that is a form of contact dermatitis that can be divided into forms caused by chemical irritants and those caused by physical irritants.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritant_contact_dermatitis
Pitting edema AE is an edema AE that shows observable swelling of body tissues due to fluid accumulation that may be demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area (such as by depressing the skin with a finger).
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=88528
Acute bronchitis AE is a bronchitis AE that is an inflammation of the large bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs that is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks. Characteristic symptoms include cough, sputum (phlegm) production, and shortness of breath and wheezing related to the obstruction of the inflamed airways.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_bronchitis
Renal calculus AE is a kidney AE that is a solid concretion or crystal aggregation formed in the kidneys from minerals in the urine. Kidney stones typically leave the body by passage in the urine stream, and many stones are formed and passed without causing symptoms. If stones grow to sufficient size (usually at least 3 millimeters (0.12 in)) they can cause blockage of the ureter. This leads to pain, most commonly beginning in the flank or lower back and often radiating to the groin or genitals.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone
Clouding of consciousness AE is a sensory capability AE that is a term used in conventional medicine denoting an abnormality in the "regulation" of the "overall level" of consciousness that is mild and less severe than a delirium. The sufferer experiences a subjective sensation of mental clouding described as feeling "foggy".
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouding_of_consciousness
Reflex tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that shows increased heart rate in response to some stimulus conveyed through the cardiac nerves.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=89526
Joint sprain AE is a joint disorder AE that is damage to one or more ligaments in a joint, often caused by trauma or the joint being taken beyond its functional range of motion.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprain
Epicondylitis AE is an inflammation AE that is a type of musculoskeletal disorder that refers to an inflammation of an epicondyle.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicondylitis
Melanoglosia AE is a tongue AE that shows tongue turn black. Any blackening of the tongue associated with certain disorders and diseases in animals and humans.
WEB: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/melanoglosia
Ventricular tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that is a type of tachycardia, or a rapid heart beat that arises from improper electrical activity of the heart presenting as a rapid heart rhythm, that starts in the bottom chambers of the heart, called the ventricles.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia
Granulomatous hepatitis AE is a hepatitis AE that refers to an inflammatory liver disease associated with granuloma formation in the liver.
WEB: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/granulomatous-hepatitis
Hypogeusia AE is a gustatory system AE that is a reduced ability to taste things (to taste sweet, sour, bitter, or salty substances).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogeusia
Dysphoria AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. In a psychiatric context, dysphoria may accompany depression, anxiety, or agitation. Common reactions to dysphoria include emotional distress or indifference.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoria
Oneirism AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a state of abnormal consciousness in which dream-like experiences and hallucinations happen while awake.
WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oneirism
Podalgia AE is a pain AE that shows pain in the foot.
WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/podalgia
Brachialgia AE is a pain AE that shows pain in the arm.
WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brachialgia
Coxalgia AE is a pain AE that shows pain in the hip.
WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coxalgia
Limb injury AE is an injury AE which involve damage to bones, joints, ligament, musles, the major blood vessels and nerves of the limb.
Polymyalgia rheumatica AE is a muscle pain AE that is a syndrome with pain or stiffness, usually in the neck, shoulders, and hips. The pain can be very sudden, or can occur gradually over a period. It may be caused by an inflammatory condition of blood vessels such as temporal arteritis.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymyalgia_rheumatica
Fibromyalgia AE is a muscle pain AE that is characterised by chronic widespread pain and allodynia (a heightened and painful response to pressure). Fibromyalgia symptoms are not restricted to pain, leading to the use of the alternative term fibromyalgia syndrome for the condition. Other symptoms include debilitating fatigue, sleep disturbance, and joint stiffness.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibromyalgia
Hepatic encephalopathy AE is an encephalopathy AE that is the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma as a result of liver failure. In the advanced stages it is called hepatic coma or coma hepaticum.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatic_encephalopathy
a behavior and neurological AE AE that is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorea
Nightmare AE is a sleep disorder AE that is an unpleasant dream that can cause a strong emotional response from the mind, typically fear or horror but also despair, anxiety and great sadness.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare
a psychiatric disorder AE that is an anomaly of self-awareness. It consists of a feeling of watching oneself act, while having no control over a situation. Subjects feel they have changed, and the world has become vague, dreamlike, less real, or lacking in significance. It can be a disturbing experience, since many feel that, indeed, they are living in a "dream".
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depersonalization
a psychiatric disorder AE that refers to a state of mind where one is not disturbed by the passions.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatheia
Parosmia AE is a sensory capability AE that is an olfactory dysfunction which is characterized by the inability of the brain to properly identify an odor’s “natural” smell.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parosmia
Xerophthalmia AE is an eye AE that is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerophthalmia
Chondropathy AE is a bone disorder AE that refers to a disease of the cartilage. It is frequently divided into 5 grades, with 0-2 defined as normal, and 3-4 defined as diseased.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondropathy
Teratogenesis AE is a female reproductive system AE that is a prenatal toxicity characterized by structural or functional defects in the developing embryo or fetus. It also includes intrauterine growth retardation, death of the embryo or fetus, and transplacental carcinogenesis.
WEB: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587782/teratogenesis
Premature atrial contraction AE is an arrhythmia AE that is a common cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_atrial_contraction
An inflammation AE that courrs in one or both parotid glands, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans. The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotitis
Glossitis AE is an inflammation AE that can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue, leaving a smooth and erythematous surface.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossitis
Genital edema AE is an edema AE that can be the result of interruption to the lymphatic drainage of this area caused by tumor, surgical removal of lymph nodes, radiotherapy or infection. Congenital disorders causing inadequate lymphatics can sometimes lead to the development of this condition.
WEB: http://www.lymphoedemanz.org.nz/About+Lymphoedema/Genital+Oedema.html
Orgasm incapacity AE is a reproductive system AE that the disorder characterized by an inability to achieve orgasm.
Sedation AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedation
Sinus bradycardia AE is a bradycardia AE that is a heart rhythm that originates from the sinus node and has a rate that is lower than normal. In humans, bradycardia is generally defined to be a rate of under 60 beats per minute.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_bradycardia
Cardiac output decreased AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows a state in which the blood pumped by an individual's heart is sufficiently reduced that it is inadequate to meet the needs of the body's tissues. Cardiac output is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time interval of one minute.
WEB: http://www1.us.elsevierhealth.com/MERLIN/Gulanick/archive/Constructor/gulanick10.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output
Steatorrhea AE is a digestive system AE that is the presence of excess fat in feces. Stools may also float due to excess lipid, have an oily appearance and can be especially foul-smelling.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatorrhea
Malabsorption syndrome AE is a digestive system AE that refers to a number of disorders in which the intestine’s ability to absorb certain nutrients, such as vitamin B12 and iron, into the bloodstream is negatively affected.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/malabsorption#Overview1
Sialadenitis AE is an inflammation AE that is inflammation of a salivary gland. It may be subdivided temporally into acute, chronic and recurrent forms.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialadenitis
a nervous system AE that shows a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain, the cause of this cell death is unknown.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson's_disease
Urinary calculus AE a urinary system AE that is solid particles in the urinary system. They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and, possibly, chills and fever due to secondary infection.
WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/urinary_calculi/urinary_calculi.html
Sinoatrial block AE is a conduction system disorder AE that shows the electrical impulse is delayed or blocked on the way to the atria, thus delaying atrial depolarization.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_block
Hyperthyroidism AE is an endocrine system AE that is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces and secretes excessive amounts of the free (not protein bound circulating in the blood) thyroid hormones -triiodothyronine (T3) and/or thyroxine (T4).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthyroidism
Akathisia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and a compelling need to be in constant motion, as well as by actions such as rocking while standing or sitting, lifting the feet as if marching on the spot, and crossing and uncrossing the legs while sitting. People with akathisia are unable to sit or keep still, complain of restlessness, fidget, rock from foot to foot, and pace.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akathisia
Retinopathy AE is an eye AE that is due to persistent or acute damage to the retina of the eye. Ongoing inflammation and vascular remodeling may occur over periods of time where the patient is not fully aware of the extent of the disease. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinopathy
Sinus arrest AE is an arrhythmia AE that is a medical condition wherein the sinoatrial node of the heart transiently ceases to generate the electrical impulses that normally stimulate the myocardial tissues to contract and thus the heart to beat. It is defined as lasting from 2.0 seconds to several minutes.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_arrest
ST segment depression AE is an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that refers to a finding on an electrocardiogram. It may be determined by measuring the vertical distance between the patient's trace and the isoelectric line at a location 2-3 millimeters from the QRS complex. It is significant if it is more than 1 mm in V5-V6, or 1.5 mm in AVF or III.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST_depression
T-wave inversion AE is an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that can be a sign of coronary ischemia, Wellens' syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, or CNS disorder. In electrocardiography, the T wave represents the repolarization (or recovery) of the ventricles.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_wave
Hyperthermia AE is an abnormal body temperature AE that is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. Extreme temperature elevation then becomes a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent disability or death.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermia
Priapism AE a male reproductive system AE that is a potentially painful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state, despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation, within four hours.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priapism
Gingival bleeding AE is a hemorrhage AE that is a term used by dentists and dental hygienists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. Bleeding on probing, often abbreviated BOP, is a sign of inflammation and indicates some sort of destruction and erosion to the lining of the sulcus or the ulceration of sulcular epithelium. The blood comes from lamina propria after the ulceration of the lining.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_on_probing
a hearing disorder AE that is a partial or total inability to hear. In children it may affect the development of language and can cause work related difficulties for adults.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_loss
Muscle fatigue AE is a muscle adverse event that is the decline in ability of a muscle to generate force. It can be a result of vigorous exercise but abnormal fatigue may be caused by barriers to or interference with the different stages of muscle contraction.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_fatigue
Regurgitation AE is a digestive system AE that is the expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood.
Skin irritation AE is a skin AE that is a mild inflammatory dermal tissue reaction, it can be caused by physical contact with an irritant or can be a local response to a systemic trigger.
a herpes viral infection AE tha is caused by both Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex
Measles AE is a viral infection AE is an infection of the respiratory system, immune system and skin caused by a virus, specifically a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles
Hypercholesteremia AE is a blood cholesterol abnormal AE that is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercholesterolemia
Toxic epidermal necrolysis AE is a skin AE that is a rare, life-threatening skin condition which is usually caused by a reaction to drugs.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_epidermal_necrolysis
Atrioventricular junctional rhythm AE is an arrhythmia AE that is an electrocardiographic finding in which the pacer of the heart is located in the AV junction, presenting with a narrow QRS complex and a rate of 40-60 beats per minute.
Unconsciousness AE is a sensory capability AE that is a state which occurs when the ability to maintain a awareness of self and environment is lost, it involves a complete or near-complete lack of responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli.
Pemphigus AE is a skin AE that is a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemphigus
Onychomycosis AE is a nail infection AE that is a fungal infection of the nail. It is the most common disease of the nails and constitutes about half of all nail abnormalities.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychomycosis
Miosis AE is an eye AE that is a term with various definitions, which generally include constriction of the pupil.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosis
an optic neuropathy AE that shows the loss of some or most of the nerve fibers in the optic nerve. The effects range from visual change to severe visual loss.
WEB: http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/optic.atrophy.html
Albuminuria AE is a urine abnormality AE that is a pathological condition wherein albumin is present in the urine. It is a type of proteinuria.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuminuria
Enuresis AE is a urine abnormality AE that refers to a repeated inability to control urination. Use of the term is usually limited to describing individuals old enough to be expected to exercise such control.
This term appears to be a synonym to the 'urinary incontinence AE'.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enuresis
Gum hypertrophy AE is a digestive system AE that is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums). It is a common feature of gingival disease. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_enlargement
Contact dermatitis AE is a dermatitis AE that is a type of skin inflammation.It results from exposure to allergens (allergic contact dermatitis) or irritants (irritant contact dermatitis). Phototoxic dermatitis occurs when the allergen or irritant is activated by sunlight.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_dermatitis
Necrotizing vasculitis AE is a vasculitis AE that is a rare condition which involves inflammation of the blood vessel walls.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000432.htm
Carpal tunnel syndrome AE is a peripheral neuropathy AE that is a median entrapment neuropathy that causes paresthesia, pain, numbness, and other symptoms in the distribution of the median nerve due to its compression at the wrist in the carpal tunnel.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1141168-clinical#showall
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome
Erythromelalgia AE is a peripheral arterial disease AE that is a rare neurovascular peripheral pain disorder in which blood vessels, usually in the lower extremities or hands, are episodically blocked (frequently on and off daily), then become hyperemic and inflamed.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromelalgia
a syndrome AE which results in the Raynaud's syndrome, a rare disease causes some areas of your body — such as your fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin narrow, limiting blood circulation to affected areas (vasospasm).
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/basics/definition/con-20022916
Extrapyramidal syndrome AE is a nervous system AE that is drug induced movement disorders which include acute and tardive symptoms.
vertebral body outside the beam syndrome AE
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms
an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that is when the kidneys hold on to more sodium and do not excrete it with the kidneys. This tends to expand the blood volume, which can elevate the blood pressure.
WEB: https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100823074826AAcg7WV
complex regional pain syndrome AE is a pain AE that results in an uncommon form of chronic pain that usually affects an extremity.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complex-regional-pain-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20022844
Complex regional pain syndrome typically develops after an injury, surgery, stroke or heart attack, but the pain is out of proportion to the severity of the initial injury.
complex regional pain syndrome AE
Sciatica AE is a pain AE that is a set of symptoms including pain caused by general compression or irritation of one of five spinal nerve roots of each sciatic nerve or by compression or irritation of the left or right or both sciatic nerves.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciatica
Joint stiffness AE is a joint disorder AE that may be either the symptom of pain on moving a joint, the symptom of loss of range of motion or the physical sign of reduced range of motion.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_stiffness
Breast engorgement AE is a reproductive system AE that occurs in the mammary glands due to expansion and pressure exerted by the synthesis and storage of breast milk.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_engorgement
Nervous tension AE is a behavior and neurological AE that might be said to be a physical expression of how people deal with negatively experienced emotion.
WEB: http://helpmetosleep.org/featured-articles/how-to-relieve-nervous-tension/
Nervousness AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows an uneasy psychological state which including anxiety, neurosis, neuroticism, and worry, etc.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervousness
Osteoarthritis AE is an arthritis AE that is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Osteoarthritis is not an inflammatory disease even-though the name suggest one. Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, locking, and sometimes an effusion.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritis
Methemoglobinemia AE is a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is a disorder characterized by the presence of a higher than normal level of methemoglobin (metHb, i.e., ferric [Fe3+] rather than ferrous [Fe2+] haemoglobin) in the blood. It's a form of hemoglobin that contains ferric [Fe3+] iron and has a decreased ability to bind oxygen.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methemoglobinemia
Hemiageusia AE is a ageusia AE that shows loss of taste from one side of the tongue.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=39885
Skin swelling AE is an edema AE that has an outcome of the occurrence of swelling which is located on the skin.
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/skin_swelling.htm
Fibrosing alveolitis AE is a lung inflammation AE that is a disease of unknown cause mainly involving the gas-exchanging portions of the lungs. It may occur in isolation and be called cryptogenic or idiopathic, in which case the clinical manifestations are mainly respiratory, or it may be associated with other disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1818528/
an electrolyte chloride abnormal AE where the patient's body has abnormally low levels of chloride. This condition usually results from an extremely high loss of chloride, rather than a low intake of it.
WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-hypochloremic-alkalosis.htm
Erythema annulare centrifugum AE is an erythema AE that is a descriptive term for a skin lesion. The lesions form consists of redness (erythema) in a ring form (anulare) that spreads from the center (centrifugum).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_annulare_centrifugum
Irritation is a behavior and neurological AE that is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritation
a psychiatric disorder AE that is a fundamental personality trait in the study of psychology characterized by anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, jealousy, and loneliness.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroticism
Hyperirritability AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows abnormally great or uninhibited response to stimuli.
This term appears to be a synonym to the 'irritability AE'.
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hyperirritability; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritability
Rhinostenosis AE is a respiratory system AE that shows narrowing or obliteration of the nasal airway by scar formation
WEB: http://www.drugs.com/dict/rhinostenosis.html
Sino-auricular heart-block AE is a conduction system disorder AE that refers to a rare heart condition caused by abnormalities in the heart's electrical system rather than arterial disease.
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/s/sino_auricular_heart_block/intro.htm
Anisosphygmia AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that shows difference in volume, force, or time of the pulse in the corresponding arteries on two sides of the body, the two radials, or femorals.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=4352
Rubefaction AE is a skin AE that refers to erythema of the skin caused by local application of a counterirritant.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=79112
Myodystony AE is an abnormal muscle tone AE that refers to a condition of slow relaxation, interrupted by a succession of slight contractions, following electrical stimulation of a muscle.
WEB: http://www.drugs.com/dict/myodystony.html
Allotriosmia is a behavior and neurological AE that shows incorrect recognition of odors.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=2401
Pharyngotonsillitis is an inflammation AE that is a medical condition characterized by an inflammation of both the tonsils and the pharynx (located at the back of the throat). It occurs due to viral or bacterial infections.
WEB: http://www.persify.com/en/perspectives/medical-conditions-diseases/pharyngotonsillitis-_-951000101807
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis AE is a pneumonia AE that is an inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dusts. Sufferers are commonly exposed to the dust by their occupation or hobbies.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity_pneumonitis
Stagger AE is a movement disorder AE that shows an unsteady movement of the body in walking or standing, as if one were about to fall.
WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stagger
Myocardial anoxia AE is a hypoxia AE that shows a reduced concentration of O2 in the myocardium.
Biliary colic AE is a pain AE that is the term used to describe a type of pain related to the gallbladder that occurs when a gallstone transiently obstructs the cystic duct and the gallbladder contracts.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliary_colic
Hyperemia AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that is the increase of blood flow to different tissues in the body. It can have medical implications, but is also a regulatory response, allowing change in blood supply to different tissues through vasodilation.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaemia
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome increased sensitivity to pain in a patient
WEB: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/tenderness
tenderness AE
a skin AE with the outcome of induration, which is an increase in the fibrous elements in tissue commonly associated with inflammation and marked by loss of elasticity and pliability or a hardened mass or formation
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/induration
induration AE
an eye AE which has an outcome of a foreign body sensation in the eye, or the sensation that something is in or scratching the eye
WEB: http://www.richmondeye.com/eyehealth_foreignbody/
foreign body sensation in eyes AE
a cellulititis AE that occurs at an injection-site.
WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cellulitis/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
injection site cellulitis AE
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of peripheral coldness, or coldness of extremeties
WEB: http://www.patient.co.uk/leaflets/peripheral_coldness.htm
peripheral coldness AE
a hypoaesthesia AE that has an outcome of a decrease in facial sensitivity
WEB: http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/hypoesthesia
hypoesthesia facial AE
a sleep disorder AE that shows poor quality sleep
poor quality sleep AE
a rash AE characterized by the formation of vesicles
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/vesicular
vesicular rash AE
limb discomfort AE
an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of discoloration of the sclera, or the whites of the eyes
scleral discoloration AE
an urticaria AE that occurs in an injection site
WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics
injection site urticaria AE
a behavior and neurological AE that results in dysstasia, or difficulty standing
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=27458
dysstasia AE
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of hyperaesthesia, meaning unusual or pathological sensitivity of the skin or of a particular sense
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hyperesthesia
hyperesthesia AE
a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal nuclear magnetic resonance imaging test of the spinal cord
nuclear magnetic resonance imaging spinal cord abnormal AE
an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of ocular icterus, or jaundice of the eye
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/icterus
ocular icterus AE
edema mouth AE
a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of painful respiration, an unpleasant sensation ranging from mild discomfort to unbearable agony while breathing
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/painful-respiration
painful respiration AE
a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal ophthalmological examination
ophthalmological examination abnormal AE
an optic neuropahty AE which shows an infarction of the optic disk which presents as painless vision loss
WEB: http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/ischemic-optic-neuropathy/
WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye_disorders/optic_nerve_disorders/ischemic_optic_neuropathy.html
ischemic optic neuropathy AE
a bacterial infection AE with an outcome of Lyme disease, a tick-bourne illness cause by the bacterium B. burgdorferi that causes dermatologic, rheumatologic, neurologic, and cardiac abnormalities
WEB: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/script/casedef.aspx?CondYrID=752&DatePub=1/1/2011
lyme disease AE
a pain AE that has an outcome of lymph node pain
lymph node pain AE
a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of loss of control of patient's legs
loss of control of legs AE
a vascular disorder AE that has an outcome of levedo reticularis, a condition of the peripheral blood vessels characterized by reddish blue mottling of the skin especially of the extremeties usually upon exposure to cold
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/livedo%20reticularis
livedo reticularis AE
a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of muscle strain, which happens when a muscle is stretched too much and tears
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001109/
muscle strain AE
a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of muscle tightness, which is a tense feeling in muscles
WEB: http://www.chirocommunity.com/muscletightness.htm
muscle tightness AE
a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of muscle rigidity, a state of continuous firm, tense muscles with marked resistance to passive movement
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/muscle-rigidity
muscle rigidity AE
Miller Fisher syndrome is a rare, acquired nerve disease that is considered to be a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. It is characterized by abnormal muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and absence of the tendon reflexes
WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/miller_fisher/miller_fisher.htm
Miller Fisher syndrome AE
a hypersensitivity AE which has an outcome of type III immune complex mediated reaction, a type of hypersensitivity reaction in which circulating antigen-antibody immune complexes are deposited in post-capillary venules, with subsequent complement fixation
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/136217-overview
type III immune complex mediated reaction AE
a tonsilitis AE with the outcome of tonsilar hypertrophy, or enlargement of the tonsils
WEB: http://www.cchi.com.hk/symposia/s3_ear_1.htm
tonsilar hypertrophy AE
a sensory capability AE that results in temperature intolerance
temperature intolerance AE
a sensory capability AE that results in the patient being unresponsive to stimuli
unresponsive to stimuli AE
a respiratory system AE that shows discolored sputum
sputum discolored AE
a musculoskeletal system AE that has an outcome of spinal column stenosis, or narrowing of spaces in the spine that results in pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots
WEB: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Spinal_Stenosis/
spinal column stenosis AE
a skin AE with the outcome of skin tightness
skin tightness AE
a pain AE with the outcome of ligament pain
ligament pain AE
a thrombocytopenic purpura AE with no known cause (idiopathic). Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a bleeding disorder in which the immune system destroys platelets, which are necesssary for normal blood clotting. Persons with this disorder have too few platelets in the blood.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000535.htm
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura AE
A palsy AE that shows cerebral palsy, a disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture that is caused by an insult to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cerebral-palsy/basics/definition/con-20030502
cerebral palsy AE
a neurological AE with the outcome of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms caused by damage to the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy AE
an allergy AE which displays an allergic skin response following contact of an allergen, with the skin typically marked by an itchy red rash often accompanied by swelling and watery blisters.
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allergic%20contact%20dermatitis
allergic dermatitis AE
a behavior and neurological AE with an outcome of the patient refusing to eat
diet refusal AE
an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of blood pressure fluctuations
blood pressure fluctuation AE
a digestive system AE which has an outcome of aphagia, which is the loss of the ability to swallow
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/aphagia
aphagia AE
a speech disorder AE with an outcome of aphonia, or loss of voice and of all but whispered speech
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aphonia
aphonia AE
a stomach pain AE that is observed in lower stomach
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/abdominal-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050728
abdominal pain lower AE
an eye AE with an outcome of an abnormal sensation in the eye
abnormal sensation in eye AE
a behavior and neurological AE which has an outcome of impaired driving ability
impaired driving ability AE
a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of increased bronchial secretion, or an increase in the substance produced in the bronchial tree, which includes mucus, protein salts, plasma fluid, and proteins
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bronchial+secretion
increased bronchial secretion AE
an injection-site AE that displays injection site streaking, a red pattern on the skin localized to the injection site
WEB: http://www.bannerhealth.com/incfiles/housecalls/peds/FeverInfectionsCrying/ImmunizationReactions.htm
injection site streaking AE
an injection-site AE that displays injection site streaking, which are small, fluid-filled blisters localized to the injection site
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003939.htm
injection site vesicles AE
a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased international normalized ratio, indicating an individual is more prone to bleeding
WEB: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/126/5/e52.full
international normalized ratio increased AE
a sleep disorder AE with the outcome of irregular sleep phase, which is an abnormality in the timing of sleep
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/delayed-sleep-phase/basics/definition/con-20035242
irregular sleep phase AE
an injection-site AE that displays injection site anesthesia, or numbness at the injection site
injection site anesthesia AE
an infection AE that occurs at an injection-site
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/infection
injection site infection AE
a behavior and neurological AE which has an outcome of decreased grip strength, or a reduction in the force applied by the hand to pull on or suspend from objects
grip strength decreased AE
an eye AE with the outcome of eyelid margin crusting
eyelid margin crusting AE
an ear AE with the outcome of ear discomfort, an uncomfortable or painful feeling in the ear
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/discomfort
ear discomfort AE
an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of fecal incontinence, the accidental passing of solid or liquid stool or mucus from the rectum
WEB: http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/fecalincontinence/#what
fecal incontinence AE
a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of fear, which is to be afraid and/or worried
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fear
fear AE
a pain AE that has an outcome of pain in gums
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gingival
gingival pain AE
a tongue disorder with the outcome of glossitis, a condition in which the tongue is swollen and changes color, which may make the tongue appear smooth
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001053.htm
glossitis AE
an injury AE which has an outcome of muscle injury
muscle injury AE
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of sensory disturbance
sensory disturbance AE
an edema AE with an outcome of tracheal edema, which is the swelling of the airway between the throat and the lungs
WEB: http://firstaidcalgary.ca/causes-of-tracheal-edema/
tracheal edema AE
Allergic eruption AE is a skin AE that is most drug-induced cutaneous reactions, especially found in younger adults. Sometimes also be diagnosed with eczema.
This term appears to be a synonym to the 'eczema AE'.
Erythrodermia AE is a skin AE that is an inflammatory skin disease with erythema and scaling that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroderma
Mycotic dermatitis is a dermatitis AE that is a inflammation of skin which induced by mycetes.
Peritendinitis symptom AE is an inflammation AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.
Orthostatic hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that is a form of hypotension in which a person's blood pressure falls when suddenly standing up or stretching. In medical terms, it is defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg when a person assumes a standing position.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostatic_hypotension
WEB: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/color-vision-deficiency
Color vision deficiency AE is an abnormal vision AE that is a group of conditions that affect the perception of color. They cause a range of changes in color vision, from mild difficulty with distinguishing shades to a total inability to detect color. These conditions are divided into three major categories: red-green color vision defects, blue-yellow color vision defects, and a complete absence of color vision.
Carcinogenesis AE is a tumor AE that is literally the 'creation' of cancer. It is a process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis
a circulatory AE that is a serious allergic reaction associated with systemic vasodilation that causes low blood pressure which is by definition 30% lower than the person's baseline or below standard values.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis
WEB: http://smschile.cl/documentos/cursos2010/MedicalClinicsNorthAmerica/Acute%20Symptoms%20of%20Drug%20Hypersensitivity%20%28Urticaria,%20Angioedema,%20Anaphylaxis,%20Anaphylactic%20Shock%29.pdf
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10092
Pituitary adenomas AE is a tumor AE that is a tumor which occur in the pituitary gland. Pituitary adenomas are generally divided into three categories dependent upon their biological functioning: benign adenoma, invasive adenoma, and carcinomas, with carcinomas accounting for 0.1% to 0.2%, approximately 35% being invasive adenomas and most being benign adenomas. Pituitary adenomas represent from 10% to 25% of all intracranial neoplasms and the estimated prevalence rate in the general population is approximately 17%.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma
Fatty infiltration AE is an embolism AE that shows the abnormal accumulation of fat droplets in the cytoplasm of cells.
WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fatty+infiltration
Epigastric discomfort is a discomfort AE that shows discomfort in the upper central region of the abdomen.
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/epigastric_discomfort.htm
Acute intravascular hemolysis AE is a cardiovascular AE that has an outcome of disruption of red blood cells occurs while they are within blood vessels.
Allergic hepatitis AE is a hepatitis AE that is a tissue-specific inflammatory diease caused by hepersensitivity to a particular drug, accomopanied by a systemic allergic reaction such as eosinophilia.
Paranoid anxiety AE is a anxiety AE that is a term used in object relations theory, particularity in discussions about the Paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions. The term was frequently used by Melanie Klein, especially to refer to a pre-depressive and persecutory sense of anxiety characterised by the psychological splitting of objects.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid_anxiety
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE is a thrombocytopenic purpura AE that is a rare disorder of the blood-coagulation system, causing extensive microscopic clots to form in the small blood vessels throughout the body.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpura
Glaucoma AE is an eye AE that is a term describing a group of ocular (eye) disorders resulting in optic nerve damage or loss to the field of vision, in many patients caused by a clinically characterized pressure buildup in regards to the fluid of the eye (intraocular pressure-associated optic neuropathy).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma
an allergy AE that shows a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically causes a number of symptoms including an itchy rash, throat swelling, and low blood pressure. Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications.
an allergy AE which occur during certain times of the year, usually when outdoor molds release their spores, and trees, grasses, and weeds release tiny pollen particles into the air to fertilize other plants.
WEB: http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/allergies/seasonal_allergies.html
a blood sodium abnormal AE with an abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the blood
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/basics/definition/con-20031445
hyponatremia AE
Skin redness AE is an erythema AE that is abnormal redness of the skin, often signaling a pathological condition, such as inflammation, infection, or sunburn.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/skin-redness
a chest pain that is caused when your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.
angina AE
aggravating angina AE
an aggravating angina AE that is caused by severe hypotension
严重低血压导致心绞痛症状加重现象
severe hypotension caused angina symptom aggravating AE
an eye AE that shows abnormal involuntary blinking of the eyelids
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_reflex
Dazzling AE is a eye disorder AE that has an outcome of the consequence of illumination too intense for adaptation by the eye. In contrast to glare, dazzling is alleviated by appropriate tinted glasses.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dazzling
Ventricular rhythm AE is an arrhythmia AE that shows the electrocardiographic finding of an ectopic ventricular rhythm with three or more consecutive ventricular premature beats with a rate less than 100 beats per minute.
Extrapyramidal signs AE is a nervous system AE that shows defects in basal ganglia function. It characterized by changes in muscle tone, poverty of voluntary movements (akinesia), or abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia).
Hearing disorder AE is an ear disorder that shows impairment of the sense of hearing.
Yellow urine AE is a urine abnormality AE that may be due to excretion of picric acid, dinitrophenol, phenacetin or chrysarobin or in alkaline pH, to increased secretion of anthocyanin, or associated with ingestion of beets or blackberries. Pure yellow urine is associated with increased acriflavine and has a green fluorescence; yellow-orange urine may be highly concentrated or contain increased bilirubin and biliverdin.
Epidermal necrosis AE is a necrosis AE that shows widespread keratinocyte cell death via apoptosis results in the tissue damage.
Arthromeningitis AE is an inflammation AE that shows inflammation of a synovial membrane, usually painful, particularly on motion, and characterized by fluctuating swelling, due to effusion in a synovial sac.
Pulmonary tuberculosis AE is a lung disorder AE that is a contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs. It may spread to other organs.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000077.htm
Coronary heart disease AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle.
WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/
Increased defecation frequency AE is a abnormal stool AE that shows defecation number increased.
Symptomatic hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that shows blood pressure that less than 90/60 mm Hg with dizziness, vertigo etc.
Non-specific gastrointestinal dysfunction AE is a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows non-specific gastrointestinal dysfunction.
non-specific gastrointestinal dysfunction AE
Abnormal sclerotin AE is a bone disorder AE that shows abnormal sclerotin.
Fast and weak heart beat AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows fast and weak heart beat.
Pain over the liver AE is a pain AE that shows pain over the liver.
Increased biliary calculus AE is a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that shows increased biliary calculus.
Muscle function disorder AE is a muscle AE that shows muscle function disorder.
Accidental injury AE is a fall AE that shows accidental falls.
Accidental injury AE is an injury AE that shows accidedntal injury.
Abnormal ejaculation AE is a male reproductive system AE that shows abnormal ejaculation.
Distention of head AE is a cardiovascular AE that shows distention of head.
Water-sodium retention AE is an abnormal fluid regulation AE that shows water-sodium retention.
WEB: http://www.livestrong.com/article/485782-sodium-retention-weight-gain/
Dizziness when standing up AE is a dizziness AE that shows dizziness when standing up.
Change of gustation AE is a gustatory system AE that shows the change of gustation.
Vascular stimulation of pain AE is a pain AE that shows pain which due to vascular stimulation.
Vascular pain AE is a pain AE that shows vascular pain.
Heaviness sense of arm AE is a sensation of heaviness AE that shows a sensation feeling of heaviness in the arm.
Breast swelling AE is an edema AE that is common for almost all women in the second half of their menstrual cycle. It in the premenstrual portion of the cycle can be mild to severe.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/breast-swelling
Gastrointestinal cramp AE is a muscle spasm AE that shows abnormal contractions of the gastrointestinal muscles.
Heart discomfort AE is a discomfort AE that shows an uncomfortable feeling in the heart.
Angiectopia of skin AE a vascular disorder AE that shows abnormal position or course of a vessel in the skin.
Joint discomfort AE is a discomfort AE that shows an uncomfortable feeling in the joint.
Eye discomfort AE is a discomfort AE that shows an uncomfortable feeling in the eye.
Instability of gait AE is a abnormal gait AE that shows instability of gait.
Pemphigoid injury AE is an injury AE that shows a skin disorder where one has large blisters on the skin.
Pulse frequency change AE is a cardiovascular AE that shows dpulse frequency change.
Inhibition of myocardial contraction force AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows inhibition of myocardial contraction force.
inhibition of myocardial contraction force AE
Decreased of atrial conduction velocity AE is a conduction system disorder AE that shows decreased of atrial conduction velocity.
decreased of atrial conduction velocity AE
Spasm of lower limbs AE is a muscle spasm AE that shows tightening and spasms of the muscles in the legs.
Electrocardiogram prolonged PR interval AE is an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that shows a prolonged time between the onset of atrial depolarization (P wave) to the beginning of ventricular depolarization (QRS complex).
electrocardiogram prolonged PR interval AE
Qrs wave broadening AE is a electrocardiogram qrs complex abnormal AE that shows broadening qrs complex in the electrocardiogram.
Edema of lower limbs AE is an edema AE that shows enlargement of the leg, due to the accumulation of fluids.
Accelerated pulse AE is a cardiovascular AE that shows increased of the number of pulsations per minute palpable in an artery.
Bitter taste of mouth AE is a digestive system AE that is not from a bitter substance is a distorted sense of taste. A persistent bad taste in the mouth, whether bitter, metallic or foul, is called dysgeusia.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/bitter-taste-in-mouth
Skin irritant reaction AE is a skin AE that shows rash, inflammation, swelling, scaling, or abnormal tissue which growth in the affected area.
Vitreous suspended substance AE is an eye AE shows vitreous suspended substance in the eyes.
Dreaminess AE is a sleep disorder AE that shows dreaminess in the sleeping.
Abdominal spasm AE is a muscle spasm AE that is typically a feeling of cramping in the abdomen caused by a rigid expansion of muscles. It can vary from mild discomfort to moderate or severe pain.
WEB: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-are-abdominal-spasms.htm
Coronary contraction AE is a coronary artery disorder AE that shows coronary contraction.
Lower extremity edema caused by blood vessels AE is an edema AE that shows excess fluid accumalated in the leg dut to blood vessels.
lower extremity edema caused by blood vessels AE
Asthenia of lower limbs AE is a asthenia AE that occurs in the lower limbs. It is a condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement.
Small bronchial lumen occlusion AE is a lung disorder AE that shows small bronchial lumen occlusion.
Prolonged orthostatic hypotension AE is a orthostatic hypotension AE that shows prolonged orthostatic hypotension.
an allergy AE that shows produce cross or incomplete cross allergic reaction to similar medicinal chemistry structure.
Deep venous thrombophlebitis AE is a thrombophlebitis AE that is causes by a blood clot blocking in the deep vein.
Change of hematology AE is a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that shows the change of hematology.
Cardiac depression AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows cardiac depression.
Side limb numbness AE is a numbness AE that shows reduced or loss of sensation on the skin of an arm and leg on the same side of the body.
Numbness of tongue AE is a numbness AE that shows abnormal feeling or loss of sensation in the tongue.
Numbness of the limbs AE is a numbness AE that shows reduced or loss of sensation on the skin of the arm and leg.
Lip numbness AE is a numbness AE that shows abnormal feeling in the lips, including numbness and tingling.
Reflex Increased pulse rate AE is a cardiovascular AE that shows increased pulse rate.
Irritation of the digestive tract AE is a digestive system AE that shows irritation of the digestive tract.
Unconscious chorea AE is a chorea AE that is characterized by brief, non-repetitive irregular muscle contractions.
Phlebectasia of limbs AE is a vasodilatation AE that shows dilation of the veins in the extremity.
Heart beat skip AE is a irregular heartbeat AE which is sometimes called as either heart palpitation, or premature atrial or ventricular contraction are very common occurrences. They may or may not be accompanied by heart conditions or heart problems.
WEB: http://ehealthwall.com/heart-skips-a-beat-causes-symptoms-treatment/
Fatal liver cell necrosis AE is a hepatic necrosis AE that has an outcome of fatal liver cell necrosis.
Warm and hot feeling in the neck AE is a skini warm AE that shows warm and hot feeling in the neck.
Facial warm feeling AE is a skin warm AE that shows a warm feeling in the face.
Increased peripheral vascular resistance AE is a vascular disorder AE that shows increased peripheral vascular resistance, the degree to which the blood vessels impede the flow of blood. High resistance causes an increase in blood pressure, which increases the workload of the heart.
increased peripheral vascular resistance AE
Venous ischemia AE is an ischaemia AE that shows in insufficient blood supply in the vein.
Increased blood creatine AE is a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that shows an increased creatine level in blood.
Increased nonprotein nitrogen AE is an investigation result abnormal AE that shows increased nonprotein nitrogen, the nitrogenous constituents of the blood exclusive of the protein bodies, consisting of the nitrogen of urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, amino acids, polypeptides, and an undetermined part known as rest nitrogen.
Soft feces AE is a abnormal stool AE that shows soft and shapeless of the feces.
Increased hepatic function AE is a hepatic function abnormal AE that shows the values of liver function tests (LFTs) high than the normal.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/liver-function-test-lft
Knee pain AE is a pain AE that shows discomfort in the structures of both knees. Keen pain may be due to injury, inflammation or infection.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/knee-pain/basics/definition/CON-20029534
Loss of libido AE is a libido disorder AE that shows loss of the desire for sexual interaction.
Over sedation AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows the over reduction of irritability or agitation.
Finger tremor AE is a tremor AE that shows involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation in the finger.
Leg cramp AE is a muscle cramp AE that shows tightening, or spasms, of the muscles in the legs.
a sleep disorder AE in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia
Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity. Insomnia is a symptom, not a stand-alone diagnosis or a disease.
Terminal insomnia AE is a insomnia AE that is a medical condition affecting sleep patterns. Typically, people who suffer from terminal insomnia wake up after only four to five hours of sleep. For those afflicted, getting back to sleep can be difficult, resulting in fatigue, irritability, and lack of concentration.
WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-terminal-insomnia.htm
Bone marrow granuloma AE is a bone marrow disorder AE that shows an organized collection of macrophages in the bone marrow.
Cholestatic liver injury AE is a liver damage AE that shows buildup of bile acids in hepatocytes, then causes hepatocellular injury.
Distant heart sounds AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows distant heart sounds.
Pink skin AE is a skin AE that shows pink skin.
Acute laryngeal edema AE is an edema AE that shows acute laryngeal edema, abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the larynx, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions.
Hypoplastic bone marrow AE is a bone marrow disorder AE that shows insufficient blood stem cells in the marrow.
Bleeding and coagulation disorders AE is a hematopoietic system AE that shows bleeding and coagulation disorders.
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE is a ventricular tachycardia AE that is an abnormally fast heart rhythm starting in the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart.
WEB: http://www.healthguideinfo.com/arrhythmias-heart-palpitations/p110132/
Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia AE is a ventricular tachycardia AE that is a type of tachycardia which has a uniform beat-to-beat QRS morphology.
Respiratory tract symptoms AE is a respiratory system AE that is a series of discomforts which occurs in respiratory tract.
Clammy skin AE is a skin AE that occurs when the skin turns cooler than normal and is moist, despite a cooler surface temperature. Clammy skin is often pale.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/clammy-skin
Abnormal visual accommodation AE is an abnormal vision AE that shows abnormal visual accommodation. Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29
an allergy AE that shows swelling and irritation of the skin, caused by an allergy to a substance in the environment.
Heaviness of the head AE is a sensation of heaviness AE that shows a sensation feeling of heaviness in the head.
Rheumatoid factor positive AE is an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that shows positive of the rheumatoid factor. Rheumatoid factor is a blood test that measures the amount of the RF antibody in the blood.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003548.htm
Retinal detachment AE is an eye AE that is a separation of the retina from its attachments to the underlying tissue within the eye.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/retinal_detachment/article.htm
Arm pain AE is a pain AE that shows discomfort in the structures of the arm. It can be caused by a wide variety of problems, ranging from joint injuries to compressed nerves.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/arm-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050870
Peripheric paresthesia AE is a paresthesia AE that shows paresthesia in the peripheric area.
Edema of glottis AE is an edema AE that is a swelling caused by fluid accumulation in the soft tissues of the larynx. The condition, usually inflammatory, may result from an infection, injury, allergy, or inhalation of toxic substances.
Prolonged qrs complex AE is a electrocardiogram qrs complex abnormal AE that shows qrs complex prolonged. The QRS complex is a name for the combination of three of the graphical deflections seen on a typical electrocardiogram.
Prolonged bleeding time AE is a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that shows prolonged time for small blood vessels in the skin close to stop from bleeding.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis AE is a skin AE that is a not uncommon cutaneous reaction pattern that in 90% of cases is related to medication administration, characterized by a sudden eruption that appears on average five days after the medication is started.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_generalized_exanthematous_pustulosis
acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis AE
Upper and lower limbs flare AE is an edema AE that shows edema in the upper and lower limbs, which is an accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues.
Abnormal blood sugar with empty stomach AE is a blood glucose level abnormal AE that shows abnormal blood glucose level with empty stomach.
abnormal blood sugar with empty stomach AE
Increased blood sugar with empty stomach AE is blood glucose level decreased AE that shows an increased glucose level in blood with empty stomach.
increased blood sugar with empty stomach AE
Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice secretion increased AE is a gastric disorder AE that shows increased gastric acid.
hydrochloric acid in gastric juice secretion increased AE
Torsades de pointes AE is a ventricular tachycardia AE that is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that exhibits distinct characteristics on the electrocardiogram.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsades_de_pointes
Proximal myasthenia AE is a myasthenia AE that shows proximal myasthenia. Myasthenia represents myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigability.
Dilated skin vessels AE is a vasodilatation AE that shows vasodilatation in the skin, which refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins.
Numbness of oral mucosa AE is a numbness AE that shows an abnormal feeling or loss of sensation in the oral mucosa.
Orthostatic dizziness AE is a dizziness AE that shows dizziness provocation by sudden postural change.
Acid reflux AE is a digestive system AE that shows the acid and pepsin secreted in the stomach back up in to the esophagus.
Jugular phlebectasia AE is a vasodilatation AE that is an isolated saccular or fusiform dilation of a vein without tortuosity.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708235/
Laryngeal edema AE is an edema AE that shows abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the larynx, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions.
Flatus AE is a digestive system AE that shows gas or air expelled through the anus.
Continuous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE that shows polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is constantly.
continuous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE
Continuous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE that shows polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is intermittent.
intermittent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE
Aggravated ulcer AE is a ulcer AE that shows aggravated ulcer.
Heart failure increased AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that shows aggravated heart failure.
Aggravated angina symptoms AE is a angina pectoris AE that shows aggravated angina symptoms.
Aggravated renal injury AE is a renal impairment AE that shows aggravated renal injury.
Aggravated fatigue AE is a fatigue AE that shows aggravated fatigue.
Persistent nausea AE is a nausea AE that shows constant nausea. Nausea is considered "persistent" if it continues for more than 2 days, or keeps recurring even after treatment.
WEB: http://www.all4naturalhealth.com/persistent-nausea.html
Aggravated Raynaud's syndrome AE is a Raynaud's syndrome AE that shows aggravated Raynaud's syndrome.
Increased gastric acid secretion with high dose AE is a gastric disorder AE that shows increased gastric acid secretion with high dose.
increased gastric acid secretion with high dose AE
Persistent vomiting AE is a vomiting AE that occurs frequently throughout the day and is often triggered by even small meals.
WEB: http://www.healthhype.com/persistent-and-recurrent-vomiting-emesis-in-adults-and-children.html
Hypoacusis AE is a hearing disorder AE that shows partial or complete loss of the ability to detect or understand sounds resulting from damage to the outer, middle, or inner ear structures. Causes include exposure to loud noise, ear infections, injuries to the ear, genetic, and congenital disorders.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoacusis
Lip cyanosis AE is a cyanosis AE that is a condition in which the lips have a bluish discoloration due to a lack of oxygen in the tissues.
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/lip_cyanosis.htm
Nail cyanosis AE is a cyanosis AE that shows a dark bluish or purple nail resulting from deficient oxygenation of the blood.
Hemolysis AE is a hematopoietic system AE that is the rupturing of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis
Lip angioedema AE is a angioedema AE that shows lip angioedema, which is the rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues.
Tongue angioedema AE is a angioedema AE that shows tongue angioedema, which is the rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues.
Acousma AE is a sensory capability AE that shows a hallucinatory impression of strange sounds.
Eye burning AE is a eye AE that shows a feeling of burning in the eye.
Worsening renal function AE is a kidney AE that shows worsening renal function.
Mild change of hematology AE is a change of hematology AE that shows mild change of hematology.
Moderate change of hematology AE is a change of hematology AE that shows moderate change of hematology.
Severe lower blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows severe sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
significantly decreased blood pressure AE
Elevated blood transaminase reversibility AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase reversibly.
elevated blood transaminase reversibility AE
Mild gastrointestinal tract reaction AE is a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows a mild gastrointestinal disorder.
Temporary abdominal distention AE is a abdominal distension AE that shows a temporary sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume.
Transient nausea AE is a nausea AE that is a gastric discomfort associated with the inclination to vomit.
Persistent tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that is an increased heart rate that exceeds the normal range for a resting heartrate (heartrate in an inactive or sleeping individual). It's a constant process.
Mild headache AE is a headache AE that shows mild headache.
Transient hypoxemia AE is a hypoxia AE that is a reduced concentration of O2 in the blood, alveoli or other tissues resulting in the decreased pressure of this component of body gases.
Transient neuroticism AE is a neuroticism AE that is a type of personality trait that contrasts adjustment or emotional stability with maladjustment. Experience of anxiety, anger, disgust, sadness, embarrassment, and a variety of other negative emotions.
Constant irritability AE is a irritability AE that shows in the patient being easily annoyed/irritated constantly.
Abnormal atony AE is a asthenia AE that is a medical term denoting symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength.
Secondary hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that is a type of hypertension which by definition is caused by an identifiable underlying secondary cause.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_hypertension
Transient elevated serum transaminase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase transiently.
transient elevated serum transaminase AE
Transient elevated blood urea nitrogen AE is a blood urea level increased AE that shows a transient increase in amount of urea in blood.
transient elevated blood urea nitrogen AE
Apparent increased blood creatine phosphokinase AE is a blood creatine phosphokinase level increased AE that is characterized by an apparent increased level of creatine phosphokinase or phosphocreatine kinase.
apparent increased blood creatine phosphokinase AE
Severe rhabdomyolysis AE is a rhabdomyolysis AE that shows in severe damaged skeletal muscle tissue breaks down rapidly.
Mild gastrointestinal bleeding AE is a gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that shows mild gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Occult gastrointestinal tract bleeding AE is a gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that shows occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
occult gastrointestinal tract bleeding AE
Nitrate headache AE is a headache AE that that is a special headache induced by nitrate.
Pantomorphia erythema exudativum AE is a skin AE that is a skin condition of unknown cause, possibly mediated by deposition of immune complex (mostly IgM) in the superficial microvasculature of the skin and oral mucous membrane that usually follows an infection or drug exposure. It is an uncommon disorder, with peak incidence in the second and third decades of life.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_multiforme
High hypodynamia AE is a fatigue AE that is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions, usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness, though varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities.
Short-time nausea AE is a nausea AE that shows a gastric discomfort associated with the inclination to vomit.
Slightly increased aspartic transaminase AE is a aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that shows a slightly increased amount of AST which is an enzyme normally present in body tissues especially of the heart and liver,
slightly increased aspartic transaminase AE
Slightly increased alanine aminotransferase AE is a alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase slightly.
slightly increased alanine aminotransferase AE
Slightly increased lactic dehydrogenase AE is a blood lactate dehydrogenase level increased AE that shows a slightly increased amount of LDH which is an enzyme that could indicate tissue damage.
slightly increased lactic dehydrogenase AE
Slightly increased alkaline phosphatase AE is a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that shows elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase slightly.
slightly increased alkaline phosphatase AE
Slightly increased glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase AE is a aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that shows a slightly increased amount of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in the heart and liver.
slightly increased glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase AE
Slightly increased glutamic pyruvic transaminase AE is a alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that shows eelevated levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase in the liver.
slightly increased glutamic pyruvic transaminase AE
Transient ischemic stroke AE is a ischemic stroke AE that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain becomes blocked or "clogged" and impairs blood flow to part of the brain.
Evidently increased hepatic lipase AE is a hepatic enzyme increased AE that shows an evidently increase in amount of hepatic enzyme in body, commonly includes ALT and AST. It may indicate inflammation or damage to liver cells.
Mild decline in blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows mild sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
Transient cerebral ischemic attacks AE is a cerebral ischemia AE that shows the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow.
Transient hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that shows transient sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
Obviously decreased blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows obviously sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
Transient dizzy AE is a dizziness AE that shows transient dizziness.
Short-time hepatic function disorder AE is a hepatic function abnormal AE that shows a short-time abnormal functionality of the liver.
A slightly elevated plasma creatinine level AE is a blood creatinine level increased AE that shows an slightly increased level of creatinine in the blood (due to lack of kidney activity).
a slightly elevated plasma creatinine level AE
Sudden fall of blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows sudden sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
Severe hypertension AE is a hypotension AE that shows severe sustained high blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
Severe arrhythmia AE is an arrhythmia AE that shows severe abnormal heart rhythm.
Clinically significant rise of serum transaminase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase significantly.
clinically significant rise of serum transaminase AE
Instantaneous sand-blind AE is a vision blurred AE that shows in instantaneous unclear vision.
Moderately increased urinary nitrogen AE is a blood urea level increased AE that shows a moderately increase in amount of urea in blood.
moderately increased urinary nitrogen AE
Slightly increased urinary nitrogen AE is a blood urea level increased AE that shows a slightly increase in amount of urea in blood.
Moderately elevated serum creatinine AE is a blood creatinine level increased AE that shows an moderately increased level of creatinine in the blood (due to lack of kidney activity).
Slightly increased aminotransferase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows slightly elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase.
Severe dizziness AE is a dizziness AE that shows severe dizziness.
Mild abdominal discomfort AE is a abdominal discomfort AE that shows a mild stomach ache.
A blood potassium decreased quality where the amount of potassium in the blood is moderately decreased.
serum potassium concentration of moderately reduced
Rebound Increased blood pressure AE is a hypertension AE that shows rebound sustained high blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
Excessive lowering of blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows excessive sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
Short-time increased blood sugar AE is a blood glucose level increased AE that shows a short-time increased glucose level in blood.
Mild nausea AE is a nausea AE that shows mild nausea.
Significant and persistent rise of serum transaminase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase significantly and persistently.
血清氨基转移酶显著和持续性升高
significant and persistent rise of serum transaminase AE
Elevated serum transaminase reversibility AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase reversibly.
elevated serum transaminase reversibility AE
Reversible increased creatine phosphokinase AE is a blood creatine phosphokinase level increased AE that is characterized by an reversible increased level of creatine phosphokinase or phosphocreatine kinase.
reversible increased creatine phosphokinase AE
Persistent and significant increase of serum transaminase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase significantly and persistently.
persistent and significant increase of serum transaminase AE
Severe bradycardia AE is a bradycardia AE that shows in a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minutes (BPM).
Apparent hypotensive reaction AE is a hypotension AE that shows apparent sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states.
Severe skin flush AE is a hot flush AE that shows severe hot flush.
Transient sinus cardiac arrest AE is a sinus arrest AE that shows an electrocardiographic finding of transient impulse formation failure in the sinus node.
Low-grade gastralgia AE is a stomacheache AE that shows a low-grade painful sensation in the stomach.
Severe headache AE is a headache AE that shows severe headache.
Persistent headache AE is a headache AE that shows persistent headache.
Proarrhythmic effect AE is an arrhythmia AE that is a new or more frequent occurrence of pre-existing arrhythmias, paradoxically precipitated by antiarrhythmic therapy, which means it is a side effect associated with the administration of some existing antiarrhythmic drugs, as well as drugs for other indications. In other words, it is a tendency of antiarrhythmic drugs to facilitate emergence of new arrhythmias.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proarrhythmia
a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that has an outcome of acidosis, i.e., too much acid in the body fluids.
URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001181.htm
acidosis AE
Increased tendency of biliary calculus AE is a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that shows an increased tendency of biliary calculus.
increased tendency of biliary calculus AE
Temporarily lose consciousness AE is a sensory capability AE that shows temporarily lose consciousness.
Increase breast cancer occurrence AE is a breast cancer AE that shows increase breast cancer occurrence.
Anticholinergic effect AE is a conduction system disorder AE that is physical symptoms resulting from agents that counter the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter (chemical within the nervous system) that is involved in many major bodily functions. These anticholinergic effects typically include constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, and slowing of urination.
WEB: http://ibs.about.com/od/glossary/g/Anticholeffect.htm
a musculoskeletal system AE that has an outcome of diaphragmatic muscle replaced by fibroelestic tissue. The diaphragm retains its continuity and attachments to the costal margin. However, the weakened hemidiaphragm is displaced into the thorax, which can compromise breathing.
URL: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/eventration-of-the-diaphragm-in-infants
acquired diaphragmatic eventration AE
Neutrophilopenia AE is a neutrophil count decreased AE that shows the number of neutrophil is decreased.
Abnormal leucocyte neutrophil AE is a neutrophil percentage abnormal AE that shows abnormal leucocyte neutrophil.
Abnormal eosinocyte AE is an eosinophil count abnormal AE that shows abnormal eosinocyte.
Eosinopenia AE is an eosinophil count abnormal AE that is a form of agranulocytosis where the number of eosinophil granulocytes is lower than expected.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinopenia
Aggravated peptic ulcer AE is a duodenal ulcer AE that shows aggravated peptic ulcer.
Local tissue necrosis AE is a necrosis AE that shows local tissue necrosis.
a cardiac disorder AE that is characterized by a necrosis of the myocardium caused by diminished blood supply to the heart
URL: http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/acute-myocardial-infarction/
acute myocardial infarction AE
an endocrine system AE that results in a life threatening condition due to a lack of cortisol produced by the adrenal glands
URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000357.htm
acute adrenal crisis AE
URL http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422%2814%2970102-4/abstract
a pain AE that results in pain from a stimulus that does not usually provoke pain
allodynia AE
an embolism AE in which amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair or other debris enter the maternal circulation resulting in cardiorespiratory collapse
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/253068-overview
amniotic fluid embolism AE
a muscular weakness AE that has an outcome of weakness followed by wasting of muscles, and excruciating pain in the muscles of the thigh, hip, and buttocks
diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy
diabetic amyotrophy AE
an adverse drug event that results in unexpected and unwanted events due to anesthetic drug treatment
WEB: https://www.dha.gov.ae/EN/Facilities/Hospitals/RashidHospital/SpecializedMedicalService/ClinicalServices/Anesthesiologyandinterventionalpain/pages/sideeffects.aspx
anesthetic complication AE
an anus AE that results in the development of a small channel between the end of the bowel and the skin near the anus
WEB: http://www.webmd.boots.com/digestive-disorders/anal-fistula
anal fistula AE
postoperative anemia AE is an anemia AE that occurs when a patient with acute bleeding loses enough blood to become anemic
WEB: http://www.acphospitalist.org/archives/2012/02/coding.htm
postoperative anemia AE
a behavior and neurological AE that results in antagonism toward someone or something you feel has deliberately done you wrong: excessive anger can cause problems including increased blood pressure and other physical changes that make it difficult to think straight and can harm your physical and mental health.
WEB: http://apa.org/topics/anger/index.aspx
anger AE
a musculoskeletal system AE that results in the formation of fibrous band between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery
URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_%28medicine%29
adhesion AE
a crying abnormal AE that refers to a neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary crying or uncontrollable episodes of crying and/or laughing, or other emotional displays
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobulbar_affect
pseudobulbar affect AE
cardiovascular AE that results in disease of the arteries, veins, and capillaries
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6853
angiopathy AE
a cardiovascular AE that results in the walls of small blood vessels becoming so thick and weak that they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood
microangiopathy AE
a cardiovascualr AE that results in the build up of fat and blood clots in the large blood vessels, stick to the vessel walls, and block the flow of blood
macroangiopathy AE
a muscle AE that results in a congenital anomaly in which a short, lingual frenulum or a highly-attached genioglossus muscle restricts tongue movement
WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie-in-infants-and-children
ankyloglossia AE
a digestive system AE that results in a group of medical disorders that occur at the junction of the anal canal and the rectum
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Anorectal+Disorders
anorectal disorder AE
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby.
WEB: https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg63_05122011aph.pdf
antepartum hemorrhage AE
Brain damage AE that results in a persistent vegetative state
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/apallic_syndrome/intro.htm
apallic syndrome AE
APGAR is a quick test performed on a neonate at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. The 1-minute score determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process. The 5-minute score tells the doctor how well the baby is doing outside the mother's womb. Any score lower than 7 is a sign that the baby needs medical attention. The lower the score, the more help the baby needs to adjusting outside the mother's womb
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003402.htm
APGAR score low AE
a brain disorder AE that causes a person to lose the ability to communicate. Aphasia can affect the ability to express and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury, but it can also come on gradually from a slowly growing brain tumor or a degenerative disease
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aphasia/basics/definition/con-20027061
aphasia AE
a tumor AE that results in pouches of cerebrospinal fluid covered by arachnoidal cells and collagen that may develop between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane
arachnoid cyst AE
a brain disorder AE that causes inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes known as meninges that surround and protect the nerves of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnoiditis
arachnoiditis AE
A pregnancy AE that results in an interruption in the labor process that is associated with uterine contractions.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arrested+labor
arrested labor AE
an arrhythmia AE that is characterized by shortness of breath, heart palpitations, chest tightness, and a very fast pulse. Supraventricular arrhythmias begin in the areas above the heart’s lower chambers, such as the upper chambers (the atria) or the atrial conduction pathways.
WEB: http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/cond/arrhycat.cfm
supraventricular arrhythmia AE
a cardiac disorder AE which causes a spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries
WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0010073/pt
coronary arteriospasm AE
joint range of motion decreased AE caused by an excessive amount of scar tissue forming within the joint and surrounding soft tissue spaces
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrofibrosis
arthrofibrosis AE
arteriosclerosis AE is a cardiovascular AE that results in blood vessels and arteries becoming thick and stiff which can restrict blood flow to organs and tissues.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/basics/definition/con-20026972
arteriosclerosis AE
atheroslcerosis AE is a specific arteriosclerosis AE that refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on artery walls which can restrict blood flow.
atherosclerosis AE
atrial tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that results in a fast heart rate beginning in the upper chambers of the heart
WEB: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/AboutArrhythmia/Tachycardia-Fast-Heart-Rate_UCM_302018_Article.jsp#
atrial tachycardia AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in high blood cortisol levels
URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003693.htm
blood cortisol decreased AE may indicate that the patient has cushing disease, ectopic cushing syndrome, or a tumor of the adrenal gland that is producing too much cortisol.
blood cortisol increased AE
a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in easy or excessive bruising and bleeding. The bleeding results from unusually low levels of platelets.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura/basics/definition/con-20034239
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2477
a pain AE that is observed in the bladder, usually a symptom of bladder infection.
bladder pain AE
an eye AE that results in involuntary, forcible closure of the eyelids.The spasms may leave the eyelids completely closed, causing functional blindness even though the eyes and vision are normal.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2481
blepharospasm AE
an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of loss of vision in one eye that is not permanent.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaurosis_fugax
amaurosis fugax AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in low blood cortisol levels
blood cortisol decreased AE may indicate that the patient has addison disease, hypopituitarism, suppression of normal pituitary or adrenal function.
blood cortisol decreased AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in high blood creatine levels
URL: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/creatinine/basics/definition/prc-20014534
blood creatine increased AE may indicate that the kidneys are not fucntioning properly
blood creatine increased AE
a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly
bone graft procedure
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that signifies that a patient is allergic to a particular substance
WEB: http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/medical/test_ige.html
blood immunoglobin E increased AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in low levels of testosterone which can lead to infertility and a low sex drive
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/men/testosterone-15738
blood testosterone decreased AE
A macrocytic anemia AE is an anemia AE that has an outcome of a macrocytic anemia, which is an anemia (defined as blood with an insufficient concentration of hemoglobin) in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) are larger than their normal volume.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocytic_anemia
macrocytic anemia AE
a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of low bone densityl, but not low enough to be considered osteoporosis
low bone density AE
a surgical AE that occurs after a bone graftr procedure, which replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_grafting
bone graft AE
bone marrow edema AE is an edema AE that occurs when excess fluids in the bone marrow buildup and cause swelling. This condition is often caused by a protective reaction of the body in response to an injury or inflammation
WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-bone-marrow-edema.htm
bone marrow edema AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that detects areas of increased or decreased bone activity. These may indicate bone injury or disease.
WEB: http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/treatments-and-procedures/bone-scan
bone scan abnormal AE
Nervous system AE that covers a variety of conditions that may impair function of the brachial plexus nerve network, most of which are caused by trauma.
WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/peripheral_nerve_surgery/conditions/brachial_plexus_injury_bpi.html
brachial plexus injury AE
a bradycardia AE that results in a disturbance in the heart rhythm in which the heart rate is abnormally slowed.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bradyarrhythmia
bradyarrhythmia AE
a bradycardia AE that results in a fetal heart rate of less than 120 beats per minute, generally associatedwith hypoxia
bradycardia fetal AE
a brain disorder AE that results in the complete and irreversible loss of brain function
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_death
brain death AE
a brain disorder AE that results in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood vessels being moved or pressed away from their usual position inside the skull.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001421.htm
brain herniation AE
a brain injury AE, injury to the brain caused by an external force, that results in a brain AE
WEB: http://www.biausa.org/FAQRetrieve.aspx?ID=43913
brain injury AE
a brain mass AE is a mass or growth of abnormal cells in your brain or close to your brain
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/home/ovc-20117132
brain mass AE
an imaging investigation result abnormal AE shows how the brain and its tissues are working. Abnormal results may be due to: Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, brain tumors, epilepsy, and movement disorders.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007341.htm
brain scan abnormal AE
Eyelid disorder AE is a eye AE that is a condition specifically affects the eyelid. It can include drooping, twitching, inflammation, paralysis, and growths. Occasional fluttering of one eyelid is normal.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/eyelid-disorders#Overview1
Hepatic steatosis AE is a liver disorder AE than popularly called as ‘fatty liver’ is a pathological aspect of liver, whose specific cells (hepatocytes) are filled with lipids (fats). It is a reversible liver disease: ‘is not still very ill, but cries for help’.
WEB: http://www.bendomd.com/272-hepatic-steatosis-causes-symptoms-treatment.html
An arthropathy AE is a joint pain AE that has an outcome of arthropahty, which is any disorder of the joints.
This is an AE which is an injury to the abdomen and its signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, rigidity, and bruising of the external abdomen.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropathy, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arthropathy
arthropathy AE
A balantis AE is a reproductive system AE that has an outcome of a balantis, which is an infectious or non-infectious inflammatory process that affects the glans penis. Symptoms include redness and pain of the glans penis and foreskin and discharge.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000862.htm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanitis
balanitis AE
Pruritus genital AE is a pruritus AE that also called genital itching, Itching in the genital region can result from irritation, allergy, inflammation, infection or cancer. Irritation can occur as a result of exposure to chemicals in soaps, feminine hygiene products, perfumes, lubricants, douches, and creams.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/genital-itching
cholecystitis AE is an gallbladder enlargement AE that has an outcome of cholecystitis, which is an acute or chronic inflammation involving the gallbladder wall. It may be associated with the presence of gallstones.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystitis, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/basics/definition/con-20034277
cholecystitis AE
Chromaturia AE is an urine abnormality AE that has an outcome of chromaturia, which is an abnormal coloration of the urine.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chromaturia
chromaturia AE
Chromosome abnormality AE is a genetic AE that has an outcome of chromsome abnormality which is a missing, extra, or irregular protion of chromosomal DNA.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_abnormality
chromosome abnormality AE
A coagulopathy AE is a blood disorder AE that has an outcome of coagulopathy, which is a condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal coagulation properties of the blood.
Combined immunodeficiency AE is an immune system AE that has an outcome of combined immunodeficiency, which represents a group of rare, sometimes fatal, congenital disorders characterized by little or no immune response.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22254/
combined immunodeficiency AE
Hepatic enzyme abnormal AE is a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that the lab test result of hepatic enzyme deviates from its normal value.
A coronary artery aneurysm AE is a coronary artery disorder AE that has an outcome of coronary artery aneurysm, which is a coronary dilatation which exceeds the diameter of normal adjacent segments or the diameter of the patient's largest coronary vessel by 1.5 times.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_aneurysm
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9247557
coronary artery aneurysm AE
Injection site atrophy AE is an injection-site AE that muscle atrophy occur in the injection site.
A cutaneous tuberculosis AE is a tuberculosis AE that has an outcome of cutaneous tuberculosis, which is an invasion of the skin by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
WEB: http://www.dermnetnz.org/bacterial/tuberculosis.html
cutaneous tuberculosis AE
Breath sounds abnormal AE is a respiratory system AE that is characterized by abnormal breath sound, it can indicate fluid in the lungs or asthma.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/breath-sounds#Overview1
Skin abrasion AE is a skin AE that is a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin, no deeper than the epidermis.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasion_%28medical%29
Trigeminal neuralgia AE is a neuralgia AE that is a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense pain in the face, originating from the trigeminal nerve. The clinical association between TN and hemifacial spasm is the so-called tic douloureux.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_neuralgia
Face injury AE is an injury AE that injury occurs in the face.
Muscle contrature AE is a muscle AE that can occur for many reasons, such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and forms of muscular dystrophy. Fundamentally, the muscle and its tendons shorten, resulting in reduced flexibility.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contracture
A palsy AE that has a symmetric limitation of the movements of both eyes in the same direction.
WEB: http://one.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=f5a77965-de2a-4fb0-82fb-5f4089671ad6
Conjugate gaze palsy AE is a gaze palsy AE that is a disorder affecting the ability to move both eyes in the same direction. These palsies can affect gaze in a horizontal, upward, or downward direction.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gaze_palsy
Horizontal gaze palsy AE is a gaze palsy AE that is the paresis of conjugate eye movements.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gaze_palsy
a behavioral and neurological AE that refers to rigid body movements and chronic abnormal positions of the body. This symptom is not the same as showing poor posture or slumping over. Rather, it is often the result of a serious spinal cord or brain injury.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/posture-abnormal
a behavioral and neurological AE that shows the body becomes entire rigid and uncontrolled jerking. They may last mere seconds, or continue for several minutes.
Eyelid ptosis AE is an eye disorder AE that is a drooping or falling of the upper or lower eyelid.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptosis_%28eyelid%29
Facial paresis AE is a paresis AE that is a common problem that involves the paralysis of any structures innervated by the facial nerve.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nerve_paralysis
Menstrual disorder AE is an abnormal condition in a woman's menstrual cycle.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_disorder
Fluid retention AE is an abnormal fluid regulation AE that is excess fluid that collects in the tissues in your body. Most commonly, fluid retention is marked by swelling of your feet and lower legs, but swelling could also occur in your arms, hands, face, or other areas of the body.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/fluid-retention
Emotional distress AE is a emotional disorder AE that is a Mental distress or anxiety suffered as a response to a sudden, severe, and saddening experience.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_distress
Encephalitis AE is a nervous system AE that is an acute inflammation of the brain.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis
a psychiatric disorder AE that is a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect learning, memory, perception, and problem solving, and include amnesia, dementia, and delirium.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder
Incoherent AE is a speech disorder AE that shows unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/incoherent
Exercise tolerance decreased AE is a systematic AE that shows exercise tolerance decreased. The exercise tolerance refers to the exercise capacity of an individual as measured by their ability to endure exercise and/or the maximum work load achieved during the exercise period.
WEB: http://copd.about.com/od/glossaryofcopdterms/g/activitytoleran.htm
a burn AE that is a type of burn resulted from making contact with heated objects, such as boiling water, steam, hot cooking oil, fire, and hot objects.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_burn
a psychiatric disorder AE that describes a wide array of experiences from mild detachment from immediate surroundings to more severe detachment from physical and emotional experience.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_%28psychology%29
Acupuncture is the stimulation of specific acupuncture points along the skin of the body using thin needles. It can be associated with the application of heat, pressure, or laser light to these same points.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acupuncture
Mucous membrane disorder AE is a systematic AE that the diseases occur in mucous membrane, which is a lining of mostly endodermal origin.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane
a polyneuropathy AE that arises when the myelin sheaths around nerve cells are damaged. Myelin, the insulating layer of tissue that surrounds nerve cells, helps ensure that signals from the brain are rapidly transmitted to the proper places in the body. When myelin is damaged or destroyed, it can lead to problems with communication between the brain and the body.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/chronic-inflammatory-demyelinating-polyneuropathy
a syndrome AE that results in increased pressure in a muscle compartment which can lead to nerve damage and impaired blood flow.
URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001224.htm
Thick layers of tissue, called fascia, separate groups of muscles in the arms and legs from each other. Inside each layer of fascia is a confined space, called a compartment. The compartment includes the muscle tissue, nerves, and blood vessels.
compartment syndrome AE
Therapeutic response decreased is found among people who take Cialis, especially for people who are male, 60+ old, have been taking the drug for < 1 month, also take medication Aspirin, and have Erection problems.
WEB: http://www.ehealthme.com/ds/cialis/therapeutic+response+decreased
Bed rest is a medical treatment in which a person lies in bed for most of some period of time to gain health benefits.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_rest
a seizure AE that resutls in impariment of awareness and involuntary but coordinated and repeated movements.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/guide/types-of-seizures-their-symptoms?page=2
complex partial seizure AE
Autoimmune disorder AE is an immune system AE that arises from an abnormal immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body (autoimmunity).
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease
a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding into the pons or mesencephalon.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/brainstem+hemorrhage
brain stem hemorrhage AE is often secondary to brainstem distortion due to rapidly expanding intracranail lessions.
brainstem hemorrhage AE
Menstruation irregular AE is a endocrine system AE that is an abnormal variation in length of menstrual cycles in a female.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_menstruation
Generalised tonic-clonic seizure AE is a seizure AE that is a type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain. Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general, though it is a misconception that they are the only type.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonic%E2%80%93clonic_seizure
a psychiatric disorder AE that an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormal_posturing
Off label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, unapproved dosage, or unapproved form of administration.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-label_use
Demyelination AE is a nervous system AE that is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demyelinating_disease
Gram stain negative AE is a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of detection of gram-negative bacteria.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria
Red blood cells CSF positive AE is a CSF test result abnormal AE that has an outcome of CSF red blood cells count positive.
CSF white blood cell count increased AE is a CSF test result abnormal AE that has an outcome of CSF white blood cell count increased.
Influenza A virus test positive AE is a influenza virus test positive AE that has an outcome of positive result in an influenza A virus test.
a behavior and neurological test abnormal AE that shows a abnormal result of nerve conduction study (NCS). NCS is a medical diagnostic test commonly used to evaluate the function, especially the ability of electrical conduction, of the motor and sensory nerves of the human body.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_conduction_study
Myocardial necrosis AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows death of the cells of an area of the heart muscle (myocardium) as a result of oxygen deprivation, which in turn is caused by obstruction of the blood supply.
URL: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myocardial+necrosis
a brainstem infarction AE is a stroke AE that occurs when blood cannot flow to the brainstem, when oxygen cannot get to an area of the brain, tissue in that area may be damaged.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_stem_stroke_syndrome
WEB: http://www.drugs.com/cg/brain-stem-infarction.html
A person may have vertigo, dizziness and severe imbalance without the hallmark of most strokes – weakness on one side of the body. But dizziness alone is not a sign of stroke. Brain stem stroke can also cause diplopia, slurred speech and decreased level of consciousness.
brainstem infarction AE
a lung disorder AE that occurs when the noises produced by the structures of the lungs during breathing are decreased or absent.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007535.htm
Absent or decreased breath sounds can indicate air or fluid around the lungs, increased thickness of chest wall, over-inflation of part of the lungs, or reduced airflow to part of the lungs.
breath sounds decreased AE
a syndrome AE that is characterised by abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugada_syndrome
Brugada syndrome AE
Buttock pain AE is a pain AE that is a common problem in the butt, it can be due to bursitis, bruising, piriformis syndrome, and shingles,or due to more serious diseases with long-term consequences, such as cancer, arthritis of the sacroiliac joints, and herniated disc with sciatica.
buttock pain AE
a digestive system AE with an outcome of small white calcium lumps forming under the skin that may leak a chalky white fluid. These lumps are formed becuase of too much calcium in the diet.
WEB: http://www.sclero.org/medical/symptoms/skin/calcinosis.html
These most commonly occur on the hands, or near joints such as elbows or knees, although they may appear anywhere. Calcinosis may range from one very tiny deposit, to large (and often painful) clusters.
calcinosis AE
an infection adverse event that caused by a species of the yeast Candida.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/candidiasis
This is a common cause of vaginal infections in women. Also, Candida may cause mouth infections in people with reduced immune function, or in patients taking certain antibiotics. Candida can be found in virtually all normal people but causes problems in only a fraction.
candidiasis AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that occurs when the cardaic enzymes and proteins leak out of damaged heart muscle cells, and their levels in the bloodstream rise.
URL: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/cardiac-enzyme-studies
cardiac enzymes increased AE may indicate that the heart muscle is injured, such as from a heart attack.
cardiac enzymes increased AE
Acute decompensated heart failure AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that shows a worsening of the symptoms, typically shortness of breath (dyspnea), edema, and fatigue, in a patient with existing heart disease.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_decompensated_heart_failure
acute decompensated heart failure AE
Cardiac massage is a resuscitative procedure that employs the rhythmic compression of the chest and heart in an effort to restore and maintain the circulation after cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation
WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+massage
cardiac massage
Cardiac murmur AE is a cardiac disorder AE that is characterised by abnormal sounds during the heartbeat cycle — such as whooshing or swishing — made by turbulent blood in or near the heart.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs/basics/definition/con-20028706
cardiac murmur AE
a behavior and neurological AE that is seen most frequently in schizophrenia, characterized by muscular rigidity and mental stupor, sometimes alternating with great excitement and confusion.
WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/catatonia
catatonia AE
a coronary artery disorder AE that results in narrowing of the inner surface of the carotid atery.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_artery_stenosis
carotid artery stenosis AE
orbital cellulitis AE is a sudden infection of the tissues around the eye, affecting the eyelid, eyebrow, and cheek.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001012.htm
orbital cellulitis AE
Chronic cholecystitis AE the inflammation of the gallbladder persisting for a prolonged period of time or having repeated attacks.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-cholecystitis#Overview1
chronic cholecystitis AE
a brain lesion AE is an area of injury or disease within the brain.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/brain/brain-lesions-causes-symptoms-treatments
brain lesion AE
Central venous pressure increased AE is a mesaurement of the pressure of the blood within the superior and inferior vena cava and large veins of the body. Increased pressure can be the result of cardiac failure and congestion of circulation.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/central+venous+pressure
central venous pressure increased AE
a brain disorder AE occurs when the brain is damaged by injury, disease, or health conditions.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/brain-disorders#Overview1
Brain disorders may affect the main areas of your brain that control how you move, think, and behave. Some tumors can constrict the blood vessels in your brain.
brain disorder AE
a cerebral infarction is a type of ischaemic stroke AE that is caused by a blockage in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_infarction
cerebral infarction AE
a nervous system AE that occurs when the cerebrospinal fluid leaks through a defect in the dura or the skull and out through the nose or ear resulting from a tear in the dura.
WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/brain_tumor/center/skull-base/types/csf-leak.html
cerebrospinal fluid leak AE
a female reproductive system AE that refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. The changes are not cancer. But they can lead to cancer of the cervix if not treated.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001491.htm
cervical dysplasia AE
a bone disorder AE that results in pain and neurological symptoms resulting from any type of condition that irritates a nerve in the cervical spine.
WEB: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/what-cervical-radiculopathy
cervical radiculopathy AE
Cervical spinal stenosis AE is a nervous system AE that occurs when the spinal canal in the neck narrows.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/back-pain/tc/cervical-spinal-stenosis-topic-overview
cervical spinal stenosis AE
a respiratory AE that results in the inability to breath because something gets stuck in the throat or because the air is not good for breathing
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/choke
choking AE
a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that results in tlhe disappearance of articular cartilage as the result of disintegration or dissolution of the cartilage matrix and cells.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=17184
chondrolysis AE
A joint disorder AE in which the cartilage on the undersurface of the patella deteriorates and softens.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/chondromalacia-patella#Overview1
chondromalacia AE
an adverse event that occurs after a therapeutic intervention
therapy adverse event
a therapeutic intervention that remediates impairments and promotes mobility, function, and quality of life through examination, diagnosis, and physical intervention
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_therapy
physiotherapy
a seizure AE that resutls in jerking and muscle rigidity, unusual sensations affecting vision, hearing, smell, taste or touch, and memory or emothional disturbances.
simple partial seizure AE
chemosis AE is a conjunctival disorder AE that results in swelling of the conjunctiva die to exudation of abnormaly permeable capillaries.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosis
chemosis AE
a therapeutic intervention that is used in critically ill patients who have experienced multisystem organ failure and in whom acute renal failure has developed.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=40071
continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration
a behavior and neurological AE that results in the expression of psychlogical stress in physical ways or a mental or emotional crises that begins to have a physical affect.
functional neurological symptom disorder
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/conversion-disorder/basics/definition/con-20029533
conversion disorder AE
a cardiac disorder AE which causes a thickening and loss of elasticity of the coronary arteries, leading to progressive insufficiency of the arteries.
arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease
WEB: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=coronaryarteriosclerosis
coronary arteriosclerosis AE
a cardiac disorder AE which causes a partial or complete blockage of the coronary artery which can lead to heart attack.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_occlusion
coronary occlusion AE
a cardiac disorder AE which results in inflammation and the buildup of plaque which narrow the coronary arteries.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/basics/definition/con-20032038
coronary artery disease AE
An joint disorder AE that results in the noise produced by the rubbing together of bone or irregular cartilage surfaces.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crepitation
crepitation AE
cryptorchidism AE is a male reproductive system AE which results in the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptorchidism
cryptorchidism AE
CSF glucose is proportional to blood glucose levels which correspond to 60-70% of the concentration in blood.
decreased CSF glucose AE can be caused by CNS infections, inflammatory conditions, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, impaired glucose transport, increased CNS glycolytic activity and metastatic carcinoma.
decreased CSF glucose AE
wound culture positive AE is a a test to find and identify germs that may be growing on the skin or in a wound. If something that can cause infection grows, the culture is positive. The type of organisms may be identified with a microscope, chemical tests, or both.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/skin-and-wound-cultures
wound culture positive AE
skin cyst AE is a skin AE that occurs when a cluster of cells that have grouped together to form a sac which may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material.
skin cyst AE
conductive hearing loss AE is a hearing loss AE that results from probelms with the ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear and its little bones.
WEB: http://www.hearingloss.org/content/types-causes-and-treatment
conductive hearing loss AE
transient hearing loss AE is a hearing loss AE that results from poor ventilation of the middle ear in children.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139416/
transient hearing loss AE
a psychiatric disorder AE that results in a persistent false psychotic belief regarding the self or objects outside the self that is maintained despite indisputable evidence to the contrary.
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/delusion
delusion AE
a behavioral and neurological AE that results in long-standing need for the person to be taken care of and a fear of being abandoned or separated from important individuals.
WEB: http://psychcentral.com/disorders/dependent-personality-disorder-symptoms/
Individuals with Dependent Personality Disorder are often characterized by pessimism and self-doubt, and tend to belittle their abilities and assets. This leads the person to engage in dependent and submissive behaviors that are designed to elicit care-giving behaviors in others.
dependent personality disorder AE
Nervous system AE that results in failure to meet certain developmental milestones, such as sitting, walking, and talking, at the average age. Developmental delay may indicate a problem in development of the central nervous system.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/developmental+delay
developmental delay AE
diabetic ketoacidosis AE is a cardiovascular AE that develops when your body is unable to produce enough insulin and begins to break down fat as an alternate fuel, this process produces a buildup of toxic acids in the bloodstream called ketones.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-ketoacidosis/basics/definition/con-20026470
diabetic ketoacidosis AE
Dialysis is the process of removing waste products and excess fluid from the body when the kidneys are not able to adequately filter the blood.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2980
dialysis
congenital diaphragmatic hernia AE is a congential disorder in which an absent or partially formed diaphragm results in an abnormal opening that allows the stomach and intestines to move into the chest cavity and crowd the heart and lungs. This crowding can lead to underdevelopment of the lungs, potentially resulting in life-threatening breathing difficulties that are apparent from birth.
congenital diaphragmatic hernia AE
a paralysis AE that has an outcome of paralysis affecting symmetrical parts of the body.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplegia
diplegia AE
cystitis interstitial AE is a cystitis AE that has an outcome of cystitis interstitial, which is a condition that causes discomfort or pain in the bladder and a need to urinate frequently and urgently.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/interstitialcystitis.html
cystitis interstitial AE
A disseminated tuberculosis AE is a tuberculosis AE that has an outcome of disseminated tuberculosis, which is a contagious bacterial infection in which TB bacteria has spread from the lungs to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph system.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000624.htm
disseminated tuberculosis AE
Exotosis AE is a bone pain AE that has resulted in a non-neoplastic overgrowth of bone.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exostosis
exotosis AE
An exudative retinopathy AE is an eye AE that shows an outcome of exudative retinopathy marked by masses of white or yellowish exudate in the posterior part of the fundus oculi, with deposits of cholesterol and blood debris from retinal hemorrhage, that leads to destruction of the macula and blindness.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/exudative+retinopathy
exudative retinopathy AE
A tendon disorder AE that has an outcome of tendinous which is damage to a tendon at a cellular level. It is thought to be caused by microtears in the connective tissue in and around the tendon, leading to an increase in tendon repair cells.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinosis
tendinous AE
A monocyte percentage abnormal AE that results in abnormally high levels of monocytes in the blood.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocytosis
monocytosis AE
A male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of genital candidiasis, which is a fungal infection due to any types of Candida (types of yeasts). This is a fungal infection of the genital region.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidiasis
WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/
genital candidiasis AE
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/tc/groin-problems-and-injuries-topic-overview
A groin pain AE is a pain AE that shows a pain in the groin area.
groin pain AE
A blood disorder AE that has an outcome of the breakdown of red blood cells.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002372.htm
haemolysis AE
A hepatosplenomegaly AE is a liver inflammation AE that has an outcome of an abnormal enlargement of the liver and spleen.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/17215.htm
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3716
hepatosplenomegaly AE
A gastric disorder AE that occurs when part of your stomach pushes upward through your diaphragm.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/basics/definition/con-20030640
hiatus hernia AE
A viral infection AE that is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
HIV infection AE
A hypertonic bladder AE is a digestive system AE that where the bladder-storage function that causes a sudden urge to urinate.
WEB: http://healbladder.info/healbladder/hypertonic-bladder
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/basics/definition/con-20027632
hypertonic bladder AE
A hypovitaminosis AE is a gustatory system AE which shows an insufficiency of one or more essential vitamins.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovitaminosis
hypovitaminosis AE
A gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows the inflammation of the ileum.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileitis
ileitis AE
A joint pain AE that occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_dislocation
joint dislocation AE
A syndrome AE that shows Kawasaki's disease, a vasculitis characterized by inflammation of the arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. The vasculitis may lead to aneurysm formation and possibly, heart attacks. It affects young children who usually present with persistent high fever, redness of the mucous membranes of the mouth, redness of the palms and soles, skin rashes, lymphadenitis, and joint pain and swelling.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_disease
kawasaki disease AE
An abscess AE where a bacterial, parasitic, or fungal abscess that develops in the liver. It is usually the result of an abdominal infection, trauma, or surgery in the right upper quadrant. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_abscess
liver abscess AE
A blood disorder AE that the body's blood supply will stop moving after the heart has stopped pumping it around the inside of the deceased.
WEB: http://www.exploreforensics.co.uk/rigor-mortis-and-lividity.html
lividity AE
A lymphangitis AE is an inflammation AE that has an infection of the lymph vessels (channels).
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007296.htm
lymphangitis AE
An infection adverse event that results in malaria, a protozoan infection caused by the genus Plasmodium. There are four species of Plasmodium that can infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae. It is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes. Signs and symptoms include paroxysmal high fever, sweating, chills, and anemia.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria
malaria AE
A metabolic disoder AE where there is increased acidity in the blood secondary to acid base imbalance. Causes include diabetes, kidney failure and shock.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000335.htm
metabolic acidosis AE
An abnormal stool AE that has an outcome of a significant amount of mucus in the stool. The mucus is accompanied by diarrhea, pain or blood may signify an intestinal condition such as infection or inflammation. Increased amounts of mucus in the stool can also occur with cancers of the colon or rectum or with bowel obstruction.
WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/mucus-in-stool
mucous stool AE
A muscle spasm AE that has an outcome of tight or stiff muscles and an inability to control those muscles.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pain-management-spasticity
muscle spasticity AE
A respiratory distress AE that has an outcome of a newborn dyspnea (i.e., impaired breathing) with cyanosis, most frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no predisposing cause.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001563.htm
neonatal respiratory distress AE
A neutrophil count increased AE that has an outcome of an abnormally high level of neutrophils in the blood.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophilia
neutrophilia AE
A male reproductive system AE that results in an inflammation of one or both testes due to viral or bacterial infections. Signs and symptoms include enlargement or tenderness of the affected testis, inguinal lymphadenopathy, blood in the semen, and pain during urination, intercourse, or ejaculation.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001280.htm
orchitis AE
an inflammation AE that occurs in a bone.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001252.htm
osteitis AE
A bone disorder AE that has an dissolution of bone, especially the removal or loss of the calcium of bone.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteolysis
osteolysis AE
An arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of palpitations, an abnormality of heartbeat characterized by simultaneous awareness of one’s pulse and discomfort.
palpitations AE
A skin AE that shows a solid, raised spot on the skin that is up to 0.5 centimeter wide, which is a type of skin lesion.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003233.htm
papule AE
A parotid gladn enlargement AE that has an outcome of parotitis, the inflammation of one or more of the parotid glands.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/882461-overview
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001041.htm
parotitis AE
A male reproductive system AE that has an disorder in a penis, including priapism, Peyronie's disease, balanitis, phimosis, paraphimosis, and penile cancer.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/penis_disorders/article.htm
penis disorder AE
An abdominal AE that shows an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritonitis
peritonitis AE
A medical intervention that collects plasma from the peripheral blood while returning the rest to the donor.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmapheresis
plasmapheresis AE
An arthritis AE that has an outcome of polyarthritis, which includes any type of arthritis that involves 5 or more joints simultaneously.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyarthritis
polyarthritis AE
A male reproductive system AE that affects prostatic gland in the male reproductive system.
WEB: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479519/prostatic-disorder
prostatic disorder AE
A tumor AE that shows a benign disorder of lymphoid cells or histiocytes that produces clinical features of a malignant lymphoma.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pseudolymphoma
pseudo lymphoma AE
A skin AE that shows a pyogenic skin disease. These include superficial bacterial infections such as impetigo, impetigo contagiosa, ecthyma, folliculitis, Bockhart's impetigo, furuncle, carbuncle, tropical ulcer, etc.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyoderma
pyoderma AE
A urine abnormality AE that shows the presence of white blood cells or pus in the urine, usually a sign of urinary tract infection.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyuria
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pyuria
pyuria AE
a blood sodium abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormally high level of sodium in the blood
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/241094-overview
hypernatremia AE
A rash AE that shows a rash like measles. The rash consists of macular lesions that are red and usually 2–10 mm in diameter but may be confluent in places.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morbilliform
WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-morbilliform-rash.htm
morbilliform rash AE
A rash AE that shows a raised, blistery rash.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11955
A red blood cell count increased AE that has an increased count of reticulocytes in the blood. Reticulocytes are slightly immature red blood cells.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003637.htm
reticulocyte count increased AE
a behavior and neurological AE that results in impaired or inhibited ego functioning in which the ability to process reality-based information is diminished and disordered.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/acute+psychosis
acute psychosis AE
An eye AE that shows an abnormal blood vessel development in the retina of the eye and it occurs in infants that are born too early.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinopathy_of_prematurity
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001618.htm
retinopathy of prematurity AE
A skin AE that results in a scar, a mark left on the skin.
scar AE
A skin AE that has an outcome of a localized or systemic chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by thickening of the skin and the connective tissues.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleroderma
Localized scleroderma affects only the skin. Systemic scleroderma affects internal organs, including the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys.
scleroderma AE
A male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal enlargement of the scrotum, the sac surrounding the testicles.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003161.htm
scrotal oedema AE
A skin AE that results in the degeneration and thinning of the epidermis and dermis.
WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-skin-atrophy.htm
skin atrophy AE
A skin discoloration AE that shows the lightening of the skin, or loss of pigment.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depigmentation
skin depigmentation AE
A skin discoloration AE that shows abnormal lightening of skin due to decreased melanin production or deposition.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopigmentation
Vitiligo, albinism, and leukoderma are among the disorders that are associated with skin hypopigmentation.
skin hypopigmentation AE
An immune system disorder AE that has an disorder in spleen, the largest organ in the lymphatic system.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenic_disease
WEB: http://www.livescience.com/44725-spleen.html
spleen disorder AE
a muscle AE that shows the absence or loss of control of voluntary muscle movements.
URL: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/akinesia
akinesia AE
a seizure AE that shows a brief episode of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epileptic_seizure
epileptic seizure AE
a cranial neuropathy AE which shows an damage or abnormality to the nerves in the eyes.
WEB: http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/optic-neuritis.htm
optic neuropathy AE
an optic neuropathy AE characterized by optic disc swelling, peripapillary and macular hard exudates, and vitreous cells.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6466175
neuroretinitis AE
an optic neuropathy AE characterized by vision loss, optic disc swelling, flame hemorrhages, and cotton-wool exudates. It occurs when blood flow is interrupted to the front (anterior) part of the optic nerve (also called optic nerve head).
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1216891-overview
anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
a type of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE that presents primarily with vision loss, especially upon wakening, and sectorial disc edema.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1216891-clinical#a0217
non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE
a peripheral neuropathy AE that shows a combination of axonal and demyelinating neuropathy.
WEB: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0401/p887.html
mixed neuropathy AE
a peripheral sensory neuropathy AE that shows neuropathy in many sensory nerves at one time
sensory peripheral polyneuropathy AE
a peripheral neuropathy AE that results from the loss of the myelin sheath on peripheral nerves roughly evenly distributed on both sides of the body
peripheral demyelinating polyneuropathy AE
a neuropathy AE that shows nerve damage and occurs in a patient with diabetes
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-neuropathy/basics/definition/con-20033336
diabetic neuropathy AE
a nervous system AE that is an umbrella term referring to conditions relating to the nervous system, including loss of sensation and paralysis
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_neurological_deficit
neurological deficit AE
An abscess AE that is caused by an Staphylococcus aureus infection.
staphylococcal abscess AE
An eye AE that results in an intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object. Strabismus is caused by an imbalance in the extraocular muscles which control the positioning of the eyes.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus
strabismus AE
A vein discoloration AE that has an outcome of local dilatation of small vessels resulting in red discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes.
telangiectasia AE
A muscle spasm AE that results in the lack of ability to open the mouth fully due to decreased range of motion of the muscles of mastication.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=40739
trismus AE
A bacterial infection AE with an outcome of thypoid fever, a bacterial infectious disorder caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/typhoid-fever
Typhoid fever is often contracted by consumption of food or drink contaminated with Salmonella typhi.
typhoid fever AE
a urinary system AE that results in the inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the urethra.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000439.htm
urethritis AE
a skin discoloration AE which shows a chronic skin disease characterized by portions of the skin losing their pigment.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitiligo
vitiligo AE
an injury AE that displays a type of injury to flesh or skin caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation.
burn AE
a hematopoietic system AE which has a decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). EST is the rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour.
red blood cell sedimentation rate decreased AE
sedimentation rate decreased AE
a skin AE that has decreased skin turgor which is the skin's ability to change shape and return to normal (elasticity).
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003281.htm
skin turgor decreased AE
A tumor AE that shows a tumor occuring in the gastrointestinal tract.
gastrointestinal stromal tumour AE
A bacterial infection AE that has the presence of pus in a bacterial infection.
WEB: http://dermatology.about.com/library/bldeffluctuance.htm
fluctuance AE
A bacterial infection AE which is caused by Acinetobacter.
WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/acinetobacter.html
Outbreaks of Acinetobacter infections typically occur in intensive care units and healthcare settings housing very ill patients. Acinetobacter infections rarely occur outside of healthcare settings.
acinetobacter infection AE
an injury AE that breaks the skin or other body tissues.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/woundsandinjuries.html
wound AE
a tuberculosis AE which is an invasion of the peritoneum by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215540
peritoneal tuberculosis AE
a tumor AE that shows a benigh tumor of vascular origin usually seen in early childhood.
WEB: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemangioma
haemangioma AE
a vascular disorder AE that has an outcome of the blockage of a blood vessel, usually with a clot.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_occlusion
vascular occlusion AE
a tuberculosis AE that shows an tuberculosis of the joints.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1577591/
joint tuberculosis AE
an arrhythmia AE that shows abnormal heart rhythms that originate in the bottom chambers of the heart called the ventricles.
WEB: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/departments-centers/ventricular-arrhythmia-center
ventricular arrhythmia AE
A bacterial infection AE that is caused by Salmonella.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella
Salmonella AE
a blood potassium abnormal AE that has a lab test outcome of abnormally lower than normal amount of potassium in the blood
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia
WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/low_potassium/article_em.htm
hypokalaemia AE
a necrosis AE, tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling protein (adipokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_alpha
alpha tumour necrosis factor AE
a tumor AE that that is a benign or malignant neoplasm involving the oral cavity and/or the lips.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/oralcancer.html
oral neoplasm AE
a cardiac disorder AE that can present clinically as acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2878263/
pericardial disease AE
a tumor AE that shows a benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the peritoneal cavity.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/cancer/peritoneal-cancer-prognosis-symptoms-treatments
Representative examples of benign neoplasms include adenomatoid tumor and disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include primary peritoneal carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma to the peritoneum, and malignant mesothelioma.
peritoneal neoplasm AE
an inflammation AE that shows the formation or presence of pus.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/purulence
purulence AE
a bacterial infection AE with bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium.
WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mycobacterialinfections.html
mycobacterial infection AE
a tumor AE that shows the most common benign spinal neoplasm, often located in the thoracic and lumbar spine, with a peak incidence of occurrence in the fourth to sixth decades.
WEB: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/vertebral-haemangioma
spinal haemangioma AE
a syndrome AE that reuslts in an autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in the RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes. It is characterized by the presence of alopecia, erythroderma, desquamation, lymphadenopathy, and chronic diarrhea.
YH: This is also a genetic AE. We will later find a way to link to there.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omenn_syndrome
Omenn syndrome AE
a immune system AE that results in a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency AE
a hepatitis AE that resutls in a hepatitis C viral infection.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus
hepatitis C AE
a blood phosphorus abnormal AE that shows an abnormal blood phosphate level
blood phosphate abnormal AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of albumin in the blood
blood albumin abnormal AE
an electrolyte blood lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of sodium in the blood
blood carbon dioxide abnormal AE'
a blood carbon dioxide abnormal AE in which the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood is abnormally high
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercapnia
hypercapnia AE
A physical quality that has an decreased level of glucose in the blood
blood glucose decreased
A physical quality that has an increased level of glucose in the blood
blood glucose increased
a rash AE that shows follicular eruptions characterized by papules and pustules resembling acne.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acneiform_eruption
The term "acneiform", literally, refers to an appearance similar to acne. Acne vulgaris (or simply acne) is a long-term skin condition characterized by areas of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, greasy skin, and possibly scarring.
acneiform rash AE
A rash AE that is characterized by an eruption consisting of papules (a small, raised pimple) and pustules (a small pus filled blister), typically appearing in face, scalp, and upper chest and back.
WEB: http://www.medaphile.com/medical-dictionary/papulopustular-rash
Unlike acne, papulopustular rash does not present with whiteheads or blackheads, and can be symptomatic, with itchy or tender lesions.
papulopustular rash AE
an neuropathy AE that occurs when any of the twelve cranial nerves (nerves that exit from the brain directly) are damaged.
cranial neuropathy AE
a cranial neuropathy AE which shows an damage or abnormality to the nerve that carries signals from the inner ear to the brain and is responsible for hearing.
auditory neuropathy AE
a cognitive disorder AE that shows conspicuous changes in cognitive functions.
cognitive disturbance AE
an neuropathy AE that is restricted to one nerve or group of nerves, or one area of the body
focal neuropathy AE
a vascular disorder AE that form in a blood vessel a clot (thrombus) that breaks loose and is carried by the blood stream to plug another vessel.
WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25032
thromboembolism AE
an injury AE that occurs in the cardiovascular system
cardiovascular injury AE
a cardiovascular injury AE that occurs in a heart.
heart injury AE
a heart injury AE that shows a laceration or tearing of the myoardium, which is the muscular tissue of the heart.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_rupture
myocardial rupture AE
a cardiomyopathy AE that is characterized by a weekened heart caused by the effects of high blood pressure.
WEB: http://www.freemd.com/hypertensive-cardiomyopathy/overview.htm
hypertensive cardiomyopathy AE
A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy AE where the distortion of normal heart anatomy causes an obstruction of the outflow of blood from the left ventricle of the heart
idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Obstructive_and_non-obstructive
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy AE
A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy AE where the distortion of normal heart anatomy does not cause an obstruction of the outflow of blood from the left ventricle of the heart
hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy AE
a cardiovascular investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal result on a test used to evaluate heart function
WEB: http://www.drsinatra.com/heart-function-tests-to-assess-heart-disease-risk/
cardiac function test abnormal AE
a cardiac disorder AE that results in multiple cardiac defects.
multiple cardiac defects AE
an injury and procedural complication AE that results in a blockage of a device.
device occlusion AE
a procedural complication AE that occurs after the usage of a medical device.
medical device adverse event
a skin ulceration AE that has a combined area of ulcers <1 cm and nonblanchable erythema of intact skin with associated warmth or edema
WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Pressure-ulcers/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
Grade 1 skin ulceration AE
a skin ulceration AE that has a combined area of ulcers 1 - 2 cm and partial thickness skin loss involving skin or subcutaneous fat
Grade 2 skin ulceration AE
a skin ulceration AE that has a combined area of ulcers >2 cm and full-thickness skin loss involving damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to fascia
Grade 3 skin ulceration AE
a skin ulceration AE that has any size ulcer with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures with or without full thickness skin loss
Grade 4 skin ulceration AE
A dysesthesia AE that shows an uncomfortable persistent sensation in the area of the laryngopharynx.
Laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE
a hospitalization AE that leads to an intial hospitalization.
initial hospitalization AE
a hospitalization AE that leads to a prolonged hospitalization.
prolonged hospitalization AE
an adverse event that occurs locally in a certain location. This is different from the systematci adverse event that occurs throughout the systemtic circulation.
local AE
an adverse event that shows a result of injury or procedural complication.
3/11/2019: This term became obsolete since the "or" structure is confusing, and injury AE and procedure complication AE are two different categories.
obsolete: injury or procedural complication AE
a nervous system AE that occurs in the central nervous system
central nervous system AE
a nervous system AE that occurs in the area of meninges
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meninges
meninges AE
meninges inflammation AE
a mental disorder that has false personal beliefs held contrary to reality, despite contradictory evidence and common sense.
an inflammation AE that has an inflammation involving the larynx.
a male reproductive system AE that has involvement of the testis.
an urinary system AE that has urination at short intervals.
a reproduction system inflammation AE that has inflammation involving the vagina. Symptoms may include redness, edema, marked discomfort and an increase in vaginal discharge.
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve).
cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the accessory nerve (eleventh cranial nerve).
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the hypoglossal nerve (twelfth cranial nerve).
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the pharynx.
a distal neuropathy AE that has regional paresthesia of the brachial plexus, marked discomfort and muscle weakness, and limited movement in the arm or hand.
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the acoustic nerve (eighth cranial nerve)
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the olfactory nerve (first cranial nerve).
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the glossopharyngeal nerve (ninth cranial nerve).
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve).
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve).
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve).
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the oculomotor nerve (third cranial nerve).
a sensory neuropathy AE that has distortion of sensory perception, resulting in an abnormal and unpleasant sensation.
a pain AE that has painful or difficult coitus.
a bone disorder AE that has non-neoplastic overgrowth of bone.
an endocrine system AE that has excessive development of the breasts in males.
a brain edema AE that has an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.
an edema AE that has excessive fluid collection in tissues that causes swelling.
a menstrual disorder AE that has the permanent cessation of menses, usually defined by 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea in a woman over 45 years of age.
a physical examination result abnormal AE that is having a high amount of body fat.
a lung inflammation AE that has progressive and life-threatening pulmonary distress in the absence of an underlying pulmonary condition, usually following major trauma or surgery.
a cardiovascular AE that has obstruction of the blood flow in the superior vena cava. Signs and symptoms include swelling and cyanosis of the face, neck, and upper arms, cough, orthopnea and headache.
a menstrual disorder AE that has abnormally painful abdominal cramps during menses.
a behavior and neurological AE that has an exaggerated feeling of well-being which is disproportionate to events and stimuli.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation on the lateral side of the body in the region below the ribs and above the hip.
a metabolic disorder AE that has an inability to properly metabolize glucose.
a urine abnormality AE that has laboratory test results that indicate the presence of free hemoglobin in the urine.
haemoglobinuria AE
a sweating AE that has reduced sweating.
a bone disorder AE that has an abnormal increase in the curvature of the thoracic portion of the spine.
a bone disorder AE that has an abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar portion of the spine.
a male reproductive system AE that has a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in the semen.
a necrosis AE that has necrotic changes in the bone tissue due to interruption of blood supply. Most often affecting the epiphysis of the long bones, the necrotic changes result in the collapse and the destruction of the bone structure.
an inflammation AE that has inflammation of the skin characterized by the presence of bullae which are filled with fluid.
a speech disorder AE that has impairment of verbal communication skills, often resulting from brain damage.
a female reproductive system AE that has a narrowing of the vaginal canal.
a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that has abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues.
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has repeated gulp sounds that result from an involuntary opening and closing of the glottis. This is attributed to a spasm of the diaphragm.
an urine abnormality AE that has laboratory test results that indicate the presence of excessive protein in the urine. It is predominantly albumin, but also globulin.
an inflammation AE that has generalized inflammatory erythema and exfoliation. The inflammatory process involves > 90% of the body surface area.
a syndrome AE that has dysfunction of the corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts of the spinal cord. Symptoms include an increase in the muscle tone in the lower extremities, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski and a decrease in fine motor coordination.
a brain edema AE that has swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain.
a tumor AE that has development of a malignancy most probably as a result of treatment for a previously existing malignancy.
treatment related secondary malignancy AE
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the cranium.
a death AE that has death in utero; failure of the product of conception to show evidence of respiration, heartbeat, or definite movement of a voluntary muscle after expulsion from the uterus, without possibility of resuscitation.
a ischemia AEE that has a brief attack (less than 24 hours) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit.
afemale reproductive system AE that has vaginal secretions. Mucus produced by the cervical glands is discharged from the vagina naturally, especially during the childbearing years.
a sensory capability AE that has a sudden drop of the blood pressure, bradycardia, and peripheral vasodilation that may lead to loss of consciousness. It results from an increase in the stimulation of the vagus nerve.
apregnancy AE that has delivery of a viable infant before the normal end of gestation. Typically, viability is achievable between the twentieth and thirty-seventh week of gestation.
a psychiatric disorder AE that has excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior and elevation of mood.
a hair growth abnormal AE that has the presence of excess hair growth in women in anatomic sites where growth is considered to be a secondary male characteristic and under androgen control (beard, moustache, chest, abdomen)
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the bone of the mandible.
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the abdominal wall.
a metabolic disorder AE that has an increase in sensitivity to the adverse effects of alcohol, which can include nasal congestion, skin flushes, heart dysrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, indigestion and headaches.
a psychiatric disorder AE that has an inability to achieve orgasm.
an urinary system AE that has a rupture in the bladder wall.
an urinary system AE that has a sudden and involuntary contraction of the bladder wall.
a hemorrhage AE that is bleeding from the bronchial wall and/or lung parenchyma.
a respiratory system AE that has blockage of a bronchus passage, most often by bronchial secretions and exudates.
a respiratory system AE that has a narrowing of the bronchial tube.
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the brain and/or spinal cord.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in the chest wall region.
a cystitis AE that has inflammation of the bladder which is not caused by an infection of the urinary tract.
a psychiatric disorder AE that has sexual dysfunction characterized by a delay in climax.
a male reproductive system AE that has problems related to ejaculation. This category includes premature, delayed, retrograde and painful ejaculation.
a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the facial muscles.
a female reproductive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents in the fallopian tube.
a female reproductive system AE that has a narrowing of the fallopian tube lumen.
a connective tissue disorder AE that has shrinking of adipose tissue.
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between a female reproductive system organ and another organ or anatomic site.
an endocrine system AE that has the development of secondary female sex characteristics in males due to extrinsic factors.
a connective tissue disorder AE that has fibrotic degeneration of the deep connective tissues.
a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of muscles in multiple anatomic sites.
a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that has stature that is smaller than normal as expected for age.
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the head.
a female reproductive system AE that has the presence of blood in a fallopian tube.
a sleep disorder AE that has characterized by excessive sleepiness during the daytime.
a homeostasis AE that has accumulation of iron in the tissues.
an ischemia AE that has a decrease or absence of blood supply to the brain caused by obstruction (thrombosis or embolism) of an artery resulting in neurological damage.
a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the trochlear nerve (fourth cranial nerve).
a joint disorder AE that has a decrease in flexibility of a cervical spine joint.
joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE
a joint disorder AE that has a decrease in flexibility of a lumbar spine joint.
joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the larynx and another organ or anatomic site.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the larynx.
an inflammation AE that has an inflammation involving the mucous membrane of the larynx.
a respiratory system AE that has blockage of the laryngeal airway.
a libido disorder AE that has a decrease in sexual desire.
a libido disorder AE that has an increase in sexual desire.
a skin AE that has hypertrophy of the subcutaneous adipose tissue at the site of multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin.
an immune system AE that has the loss of lymph fluid into the surrounding tissue or body cavity.
an immune system AE that has a cystic lesion containing lymph.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the mediastinum.
a movement disorder AE that has uncontrolled and purposeless movements.
a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the muscles on the left side of the body.
a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the lower limb muscles.
a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the muscles on the right side of the body.
a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the trunk muscles.
a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the upper limb muscles.
a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that has a malformation of the musculoskeletal system.
a nail AE that has a change in the color of the nail plate.
a nail AE that has loss of all or a portion of the nail.
a nail AE that has vertical or horizontal ridges on the nails.
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the neck.
a female reproductive system AE that has a malformation of the nipple.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the ovary.
a female reproductive system AE that is tearing or disruption of the ovarian tissue.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in one side of the abdomen between menstrual cycles, around the time of the discharge of the ovum from the ovarian follicle.
a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the muscles of the pelvic floor.
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the pelvis.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in the penis.
a psychiatric disorder AE that has a conspicuous change in a person's behavior and thinking.
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the pharynx and another organ or anatomic site.
an inflammation AE that has an inflammation involving the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the pharynx.
a respiratory system AE that has a narrowing of the pharyngeal airway.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the prostate gland.
a prostatic disorder AE that has compression of the urethra secondary to enlargement of the prostate gland. This results in voiding difficulties (straining to void, slow urine stream, and incomplete emptying of the bladder).
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the prostate gland.
a psychiatric disorder AE that has personality change, impaired functioning, and loss of touch with reality. It may be a manifestation of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or brain tumor.
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the lung and another organ or anatomic site.
an inflammation AE that has inflammation involving a nerve root. Patients experience marked discomfort radiating along a nerve path because of spinal pressure on the connecting nerve root.
a recurrent alsy AE that occurs at the laryngeal nerve.
a renal calculus AE that has paroxysmal and severe flank marked discomfort radiating to the inguinal area. Often, the cause is the passage of kidney stones.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the kidney.
a syndrome AE that has weight gain, dyspnea, pleural and pericardial effusions, leukocytosis and/or renal failure originally described in patients treated with all-trans retinoic acid.
a bone disorder AE that has a malformed, lateral curvature of the spine.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in the scrotal area.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort in the face, between the eyes, or upper teeth originating from the sinuses.
an induration AE that has an area of hardness in the skin.
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the lower extremity.
a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the upper extremity.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the spermatic cord.
a male reproductive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents of the spermatic cord.
a connective tissue disorder AE that has fibrotic degeneration of the superficial soft tissues.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the testis.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the testis.
a fistula AE that hasan abnormal communication between the trachea and another organ or anatomic site.
an inflammation AE that has an inflammation involving the mucous membrane of the trachea.
a respiratory system AE that has a narrowing of the trachea.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort from a neoplasm that may be pressing on a nerve, blocking blood vessels, inflamed or fractured from metastasis.
a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that hasa discrepancy between the lengths of the lower or upper extremities.
an urine abnormality AE that has a change in the color of the urine.
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the uterus and another organ or anatomic site.
an urinary system AE that has blockage of the uterine outlet.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the uterus.
a female reproductive system AE that has an uncomfortable feeling of itching and burning in the vagina.
a female reproductive system AE that has blockage of vaginal canal.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the vagina.
a female reproductive system AE that has a rupture in the vaginal wall.
a female reproductive system AE that hasinvoluntary spasms of the pelvic floor muscles, resulting in pathologic tightness of the vaginal wall during penetration such as during sexual intercourse.
an ischemia AE that has a decrease in blood supply due to narrowing or blockage of a visceral (mesenteric) artery.
a skin AE that has an abnormal body smell resulting from the growth of bacteria on the body.
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the bronchus and another organ or anatomic site.
a nervous system AE that has an abnormal, repetitive, involuntary muscle movements, frenzied speech and extreme restlessness.
a hair growth abnormal AE that has hair density or length beyond the accepted limits of normal in a particular body region, for a particular age or race.
a female reproductive system AE that has disturbances of milk secretion. It is not necessarily related to pregnancy that is observed in females and can be observed in males.
a respiratory system AE that has a narrowing of the laryngeal airway.
a nervous system AE that has neck stiffness, headache, and photophobia resulting from irritation of the cerebral meninges.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort related to a limb or an organ that is removed from or is not physically part of the body.
a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in the skin covering the top and the back of the head.
a pregnancy AE that has an unexpected pregnancy at the time of conception.
a urinary tract disoder AE that has blockage of the normal flow of contents of the urinary tract.
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the vagina and another organ or anatomic site.
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between any part of the urinary system and another organ or anatomic site.
a male reproductive system AE that has laboratory test results that indicate complete absence of spermatozoa in the semen.
a renal failure AE that has gradual and usually permanent loss of kidney function resulting in renal failure.
a behavior and neurological AE that has a deterioration in the ability to concentrate.
a fetal disorder AE that has inhibition of fetal growth resulting in the inability of the fetus to achieve its potential weight.
a menstrual disorder AE that has ovarian failure before the age of 40. Symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings and a decrease in sex drive.
a tumor AE that has leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents.
leukemia secondary to oncology chemotherapy AE
a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between a bronchus and the pleural cavity.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the urinary tract.
a female reproductive system AE that has underdevelopment of the breast.
a medical intervention that refers to any series of pre-defined steps that should be followed to achieve a desired result.
medical procedure
incision site AE
a medical intervention site that is used for incision for a surgery.
incision site
a hymphedema AE that has trace thickening or faint discoloration
a hymphedema AE that has marked discoloration; leathery skin texture; papillary formation; limiting instrumental ADL
a superior vena cava syndrome AE that has asymptomatic; incidental finding of SVC thrombosis
a superior vena cava syndrome AEthat has symptomatic; medical intervention indicated (e.g., anticoagulation, radiation or chemotherapy)
a superior vena cava syndrome AE that has severe symptoms; multi-modality intervention indicated (e.g., anticoagulation, chemotherapy, radiation, stenting)
a superior vena cava syndrome AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent multi-modality intervention indicated (e.g., lysis, thrombectomy, surgery)
a thromboembolic event AE that has venous thrombosis (e.g., superficial thrombosis)
a thromboembolic event AE that has venous thrombosis (e.g., uncomplicated deep vein thrombosis), medical intervention indicated
a thromboembolic event AE that has thrombosis (e.g., uncomplicated pulmonary embolism [venous], non-embolic cardiac mural [arterial] thrombus), medical intervention indicated
a thromboembolic event AE that has life-threatening (e.g., pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular event, arterial insufficiency); hemodynamic or neurologic instability; urgent intervention indicated
a visceral arterial ischemia AE that has brief (<24 hrs) episode of ischemia managed medically and without permanent deficit
a visceral arterial ischemia AE that has prolonged (>=24 hrs) or recurring symptoms and/or invasive intervention indicated
a menopause AE that the menopause occurres at age 46 - 53 years of age
a menopause AE that the menopause occurres at age 40 - 45 years of age
a menopause AE that the menopause occurres before age 40 years of age
a body odor AE that has mild odor; physician intervention not indicated; self care interventions
a body odor AE that has pronounced odor; psychosocial impact; patient seeks medical intervention
a bullous AE that has asymptomatic; blisters covering <10% BSA
a bullous AE that has blisters covering 10 - 30% BSA; painful blisters; limiting instrumental ADL
a bullous AE that has blisters covering >30% BSA; limiting self care ADL
a bullous AE that has blisters covering >30% BSA; associated with fluid or electrolyte abnormalities; ICU care or burn unit indicated
an erythroderma AE that has erythema covering >90% BSA without associated symptoms; limiting instrumental ADL
an erythroderma AE that has erythema covering >90% BSA with associated symptoms (e.g., pruritus or tenderness); limiting self care ADL
an erythroderma AE that has erythema covering >90% BSA with associated fluid or electrolyte abnormalities; ICU care or burn unit indicated
a fat atrophy AE that is covering <10% BSA and asymptomatic
a fat atrophy AE that is covering 10 - 30% BSA and associated with erythema or tenderness; limiting instrumental ADL
a fat atrophy AE that is covering >30% BSA; associated with erythema or tenderness; limiting self-care ADL
a hirsutism AE that is In women, increase in length, thickness or density of hair in a male distribution that the patient is able to camouflage by periodic shaving, bleaching, or removal of hair
a hirsutism AE that In women, increase in length, thickness or density of hair in a male distribution that requires daily shaving or consistent destructive means of hair removal to camouflage; associated with psychosocial impact
a hypertrichosis AE that has increased in length, thickness or density of hair. The patient is either able to camouflage by periodic shaving or removal of hairs or is not concerned enough about the overgrowth to use any form of hair removal
a hypertrichosis AE that has increased in length, thickness or density of hair at least on the usual exposed areas of the body [face (not limited to beard/moustache area) plus/minus arms] that requires frequent shaving or use of destructive means of hair removal to camouflage; associated with psychosocial impact
a hypertrichosis AE that has increased in body temperature; limiting self care ADL
a hypertrichosis AE that has heat stroke
a lipohypertrophy AE that has asymptomatic and covering <10% BSA
a lipohypertrophy AE that covers 10 - 30% BSA and associated tenderness; limiting instrumental ADL
a lipohypertrophy AE that covers >30% BSA and associated tenderness and narcotics or NSAIDs indicated; lipohypertrophy; limiting self care ADL
a nail loss AE that has asymptomatic separation of the nail bed from the nail plate or nail loss
a nail loss AE that has symptomatic separation of the nail bed from the nail plate or nail loss; limiting instrumental ADL
a rash acneiform AE that has papules and/or pustules covering <10% BSA, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness
a rash acneiform AE that has papules and/or pustules covering 10 - 30% BSA, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness; associated with psychosocial impact; limiting instrumental ADL
a rash acneiform AE that has papules and/or pustules covering >30% BSA, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness; limiting self care ADL; associated with local superinfection with oral antibiotics indicated
a rash acneiform AE that has papules and/or pustules covering any % BSA, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness and are associated with extensive superinfection with IV antibiotics indicated; life-threatening consequences
a rash maculopapular AE that has macules/papules covering <10% BSA with or without symptoms (e.g., pruritus, burning, tightness)
a rash maculopapular AE that has macules/papules covering 10 - 30% BSA with or without symptoms (e.g., pruritus, burning, tightness); limiting instrumental ADL
a rash maculopapular AE that has macules/papules covering >30% BSA with or without associated symptoms; limiting self care ADL
a skin induration AE that has mild induration, able to move skin parallel to plane (sliding) and perpendicular to skin (pinching up)
a skin induration AE that has moderate induration, able to slide skin, unable to pinch skin; limiting instrumental ADL
a skin induration AE that has severe induration, unable to slide or pinch skin; limiting joint movement or orifice (e.g., mouth, anus); limiting self care ADL
a skin induration AE that has generalized; associated with signs or symptoms of impaired breathing or feeding
a bronchial fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical management indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a bronchial fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure)
a bronchial fistula AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention with thoracoplasty, chronic open drainage or multiple thoracotomies indicated
a bronchial obstruction AE that has symptomatic (e.g., mild wheezing); endoscopic evaluation indicated; radiographic evidence of atelectasis/lobar collapse; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids, bronchodilators)
a bronchial obstruction AE that has shortness of breath with stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., laser, stent placement)
a bronchial stricture AE that AE symptomatic (e.g., rhonchi or wheezing) but without respiratory distress; medical intervention indicated (e.g., steroids, bronchodilators)
a bronchial stricture AE that AE shortness of breath with stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., laser, stent placement)
a bronchopleural fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure)
a bronchopleural fistula AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention with thoracoplasty, chronic open drainage or multiple thoracotomies indicated
a laryngeal fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical management indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a laryngeal fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure)
a laryngeal fistula AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated (e.g., thoracoplasty, chronic open drainage or multiple thoracotomies)
a laryngeal hemorrhage AE that has mild cough or trace hemoptysis; laryngoscopic findings
a laryngeal inflammation AE that has mild sore throat; raspy voice
a laryngeal inflammation AE that has moderate sore throat; analgesics indicated
a laryngeal inflammation AE that has severe throat pain; endoscopic intervention indicated
a laryngeal mucositis AE that has endoscopic findings only; mild discomfort with normal intake
a laryngeal mucositis AE that has moderate discomfort; altered oral intake
a laryngeal mucositis AE that has severe pain; severely altered eating/swallowing; medical intervention indicated
a laryngeal mucositis AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a laryngeal obstruction AE that has symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), but causing no respiratory distress; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids); limiting instrumental ADL
a laryngeal obstruction AE that has limiting self care ADL; stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser)
a laryngeal stenosis AE that has symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), but causing no respiratory distress; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids)
a laryngeal stenosis AE that has limiting self care ADL; stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser)
a laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE that has moderate symptoms; mild anxiety, but no dyspnea; short duration of observation and or anxiolytic indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
Grade 2 laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE
a laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE that has severe symptoms; dyspnea and swallowing difficulty; limiting self care ADL
Grade 3 laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE
a laryngospasm AE that has transient episode; intervention not indicated
a laryngospasm AE that has recurrent episodes; noninvasive intervention indicated (e.g., breathing technique, pressure point massage)
a laryngospasm AE that has persistent or severe episodes associated with syncope; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., fiberoptic laryngoscopy, intubation, botox injection)
a pharyngeal fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a pharyngeal fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure)
a pharyngeal mucositis AE that has endoscopic findings only; minimal symptoms with normal oral intake; mild pain but analgesics not indicated
a pharyngeal mucositis AE that has moderate pain and analgesics indicated; altered oral intake; limiting instrumental ADL
a pharyngeal mucositis AE that has severe pain; unable to adequately aliment or hydrate orally; limiting self care ADL
a pharyngeal necrosis AE that has inability to aliment adequately by GI tract; tube feeding or TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a pharyngeal stenosis AE that has symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), but causing no respiratory distress; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids); limiting instrumental ADL
a pharyngeal stenosis AE that has limiting self care ADL; stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser)
a pharyngeal stenosis AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a pulmonary fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical management indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a pulmonary fistula AE that has limiting self care ADL; endoscopic stenting or operative intervention indicated
a retinoic acid syndrome AE that has fluid retention; <3 kg of weight gain; intervention with fluid restriction and/or diuretics indicated
a sleep apnea AE that has snoring and nocturnal sleep arousal without apneic periods
a sleep apnea AE that has moderate apnea and oxygen desaturation; excessive daytime sleepiness; medical evaluation indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a sleep apnea AE that has oxygen desaturation; associated with hypertension; medical intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL
a sleep apnea AE that has cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric symptoms; urgent operative intervention indicated
a tracheal fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a tracheal fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure)
a tracheal fistula AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated (e.g., thoracoplasty, chronic open drainage or multiple thoracotomies)
a tracheal mucositis AE that has endoscopic findings only; minimal hemoptysis, pain, or respiratory symptoms
a tracheal mucositis AE that has severe pain; hemorrhage or respiratory symptoms; limiting self care ADL
a tracheal stenosis AE that has symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), but causing no respiratory distress; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids)
a tracheal stenosis AE that has stridor or respiratory distress limiting self care ADL; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser)
a tracheal stenosis AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
an azoospermia AE that has absence of sperm in ejaculate
A breast atrophy AE that has asymmetry >1/3 of breast volume; severe atrophy
an ejaculation disorder AE that has diminished ejaculation
an ejaculation disorder AE that has anejaculation or retrograde ejaculation
a genital edema AE that has mild swelling or obscuration of anatomic architecture on close inspection
a genital edema AE that has readily apparent obscuration of anatomic architecture; obliteration of skin folds; readily apparent deviation from normal anatomic contour
a genital edema AE that has lymphorrhea; gross deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting self care ADL
a gynecomastia AE that has asymptomatic breast enlargement
a gynecomastia AE that has symptomatic (e.g., pain or psychosocial impact)
a hematosalpinx AE that has minimal bleeding identified on imaging study or laparoscopy; intervention not indicated
an irregular menstruation AE that has intermittent menses with skipped menses for no more than 1 to 3 months
an irregular menstruation AE that has intermittent menses with skipped menses for more than 4 to 6 months
an irregular menstruation AE that has persistent amenorrhea for more than 6 months
a lactation disorder AE that has mild changes in lactation, not significantly affecting production or expression of breast milk
a lactation disorder AE that has changes in lactation, significantly affecting breast production or expression of breast milk
a nipple deformity AE that has asymptomatic; asymmetry with slight retraction and/or thickening of the nipple areolar complex
a nipple deformity AE that has symptomatic; asymmetry of nipple areolar complex with moderate retraction and/or thickening of the nipple areolar complex
an oligospermia AE requires sperm concentration >48 million/mL or motility >68%
an oligospermia AE requires sperm concentration 13 - 48 million/mL or motility 32 - 68%
an oligospermia AE requires sperm concentration <13 million/mL or motility <32%
a testicular disorder AE that has symptomatic but not interfering with urination or sexual activities; intervention not indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a testicular disorder AE that has severe symptoms; interfering with urination or sexual function; limiting self care ADL; intervention indicated
a vaginal discharge AE that has mild vaginal discharge (greater than baseline for patient)
a vaginal discharge AE that has moderate to heavy vaginal discharge; use of perineal pad or tampon indicated
a bladder spasm AE that has antispasmodics indicated
a bladder spasm AE that has hospitalization indicated
a chronic kidney disease AE that requires eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) or CrCl (creatinine clearance) <LLN - 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria 2+ present; urine protein/creatinine >0.5
a chronic kidney disease AE that requires eGFR or CrCl 59 - 30 ml/min/1.73 m2
a chronic kidney disease AE that requires eGFR or CrCl 29 - 15 ml/min/1.73 m2
a chronic kidney disease AE that requires eGFR or CrCl <15 ml/min/1.73 m2; dialysis or renal transplant indicated
a cystitis noninfective AE that has microscopic hematuria; minimal increase in frequency, urgency, dysuria, or nocturia; new onset of incontinence
a cystitis noninfective AE that has moderate hematuria; moderate increase in frequency, urgency, dysuria, nocturia or incontinence; urinary catheter placement or bladder irrigation indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a cystitis noninfective AE that has gross hematuria; transfusion, IV medications or hospitalization indicated; elective endoscopic, radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a proteinuria AE that requires 1+ proteinuria; urinary protein <1.0 g/24 hrs
a renal calculi AE that has asymptomatic or mild symptoms; occasional use of nonprescription analgesics indicated
a renal calculi AE that has symptomatic; oral antiemetics indicated; around the clock nonprescription analgesics or any oral narcotic analgesics indicated
a renal calculi AE that has hospitalization indicated; IV intervention (e.g., analgesics, antiemetics); elective endoscopic or radiologic intervention indicated
an urinary fistula AE that has noninvasive intervention indicated; urinary or suprapubic catheter placement indicated
an urinary fistula AE that has limiting self care ADL; elective radiologic, endoscopic or operative intervention indicated; permanent urinary diversion indicated
an urinary tract obstruction AE that has symptomatic but no hydronephrosis, sepsis or renal dysfunction; urethral dilation, urinary or suprapubic catheter indicated
an urinary tract obstruction AE that has symptomatic and altered organ function (e.g., hydronephrosis, or renal dysfunction); elective radiologic, endoscopic or operative intervention indicated
a mania AE that has mild manic symptoms (e.g., elevated mood, rapid thoughts, rapid speech, decreased need for sleep)
a mania AE that has moderate manic symptoms (e.g., relationship and work difficulties; poor hygiene)
a mania AE that has severe manic symptoms (e.g., hypomania; major sexual or financial indiscretions); hospitalization not indicated
a fetal growth retardation AE that has <10% percentile of weight for gestational age
a fetal growth retardation AE that has <5% percentile of weight for gestational age
a fetal growth retardation AE that has <1% percentile of weight for gestational age
a premature delivery AE that has delivery of a liveborn infant at >34 to 37 weeks gestation
a premature delivery AE that has delivery of a liveborn infant at >28 to 34 weeks gestation
a premature delivery AE that has delivery of a liveborn infant at 24 to 28 weeks gestation
a premature delivery AE that has delivery of a liveborn infant at 24 weeks of gestation or less
a spasticity AE that has mild or slight increase in muscle tone
a spasticity AE that has moderate increase in muscle tone and increase in resistance through range of motion
a spasticity AE that has severe increase in muscle tone and increase in resistance through range of motion
a spasticity AE that has life-threatening; unable to move active or passive range of motion
a treatment related secondary malignancy AE that has non life-threatening secondary malignancy
Grade 3 treatment related secondary malignancy AE
a treatment related secondary malignancy AE that has acute life-threatening secondary malignancy; blast crisis in leukemia
Grade 4 treatment related secondary malignancy AE
an abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications)
Grade 2 abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE
an abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g. tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting)
Grade 3 abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE
a fibrosis deep connective tissue AE that has mild induration, able to move skin parallel to plane (sliding) and perpendicular to skin (pinching up)
Grade 1 fibrosis deep connective tissue AE
a fibrosis deep connective tissue AE that has moderate induration, able to slide skin, unable to pinch skin; limiting instrumental ADL
Grade 2 fibrosis deep connective tissue AE
a fibrosis deep connective tissue AE that has severe induration; unable to slide or pinch skin; limiting joint or orifice movement (e.g. mouth, anus); limiting self care ADL
Grade 3 fibrosis deep connective tissue AE
a fibrosis deep connective tissue AE that has generalized; associated with signs or symptoms of impaired breathing or feeding
Grade 4 fibrosis deep connective tissue AE
a growth suppression AE that has reduction in growth velocity by 10 - 29% ideally measured over the period of a year
a growth suppression AE that has reduction in growth velocity by 30 - 49% ideally measured over the period of a year or 0 - 49% reduction in growth from the baseline growth curve
a growth suppression AE that has reduction in growth velocity of >=50% ideally measured over the period of a year
a head soft tissue necrosis AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications)
a head soft tissue necrosis AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting)
a joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE that has mild restriction of rotation or flexion between 60 - 70 degrees
Grade 1 joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE
a joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE that has rotation <60 degrees to right or left; <60 degrees of flexion
Grade 2 joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE
a joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE that has ankylosed/fused over multiple segments with no C-spine rotation
Grade 3 joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE
a joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE that has stiffness; difficulty bending to the floor to pick up a very light object but able to do athletic activity
Grade 1 joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE
a joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE that has pain with range of motion (ROM) in lumbar spine; requires a reaching aid to pick up a very light object from the floor
Grade 2 joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE
a joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE that requires <50% lumbar spine flexion; associated with symptoms of ankylosis or fused over multiple segments with no L-spine flexion (e.g., unable to reach to floor to pick up a very light object)
Grade 3 joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE
a neck soft tissue necrosis AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications)
a neck soft tissue necrosis AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting)
a pelvic soft tissue necrosis AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications)
a pelvic soft tissue necrosis AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting)
a scoliosis AE that requires <20 degrees; clinically undetectable
a scoliosis AE that requires >20 - 45 degrees; visible by forward flexion; limiting instrumental ADL
a scoliosis AE that requires >45 degrees; scapular prominence in forward flexion; operative intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL; disabling
a soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications)
Grade 2 soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE
a soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting)
Grade 3 soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE
a soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications)
Grade 2 soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE
a soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting)
Grade 3 soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE
a Superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE that has mild induration, able to move skin parallel to plane (sliding) and perpendicular to skin (pinching up)
Grade 1 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE
a Superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE that has moderate induration, able to slide skin, unable to pinch skin; limiting instrumental ADL
Grade 2 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE
a Superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE that has severe induration; unable to slide or pinch skin; limiting joint or orifice movement (e.g., mouth, anus); limiting self care ADL
Grade 3 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE
a superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE that has generalized; associated with signs or symptoms of impaired breathing or feeding
Grade 4 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE
a trismus AE that has decreased ROM (range of motion) without impaired eating
a trismus AE that has decreased ROM requiring small bites, soft foods or purees
a trismus AE that has decreased ROM with inability to adequately aliment or hydrate orally
An unequal limb length AE that has mild length discrepancy <2 cm
An unequal limb length AE that has moderate length discrepancy 2 - 5 cm; shoe lift indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
An unequal limb length AE that has severe length discrepancy >5 cm; limiting self care ADL; disabling; operative intervention indicated
a alkalosis AE that requires pH >normal, but <=7.5
a glucose intolerance AE that has symptomatic; dietary modification or oral agent indicated
a glucose intolerance AE that has severe symptoms; insulin indicated
a hypermagnesemia AE that requires >ULN - 3.0 mg/dL; >ULN - 1.23 mmol/L
a hypermagnesemia AE that requires >3.0 - 8.0 mg/dL; >1.23 - 3.30 mmol/L
a hypermagnesemia AE that requires >8.0 mg/dL; >3.30 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hypernatremia AE that requires >ULN - 150 mmol/L
a hypernatremia AE that requires >150 - 155 mmol/L
a hypernatremia AE that requires >155 - 160 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated
a hypernatremia AE that requires >160 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hypokalemia AE that requires <LLN - 3.0 mmol/L
a hypokalemia AE that requires <LLN - 3.0 mmol/L; symptomatic; intervention indicated
a hypokalemia AE that requires <3.0 - 2.5 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated
a hypokalemia AE that requires <2.5 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hyponatremia AE that requires <LLN - 130 mmol/L
a hyponatremia AE that requires <130 - 120 mmol/L
a hyponatremia AE that requires <120 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
an obesity AE that requires BMI 25 - 29.9 kg/m2
an obesity AE that requires BMI 30 - 39.9 kg/m2
an obesity AE that requires BMI >=40 kg/m2
a flushing AE that has symptomatic, associated with hypotension and/or tachycardia; limiting self care ADL
a hematoma AE that requires minimally invasive evacuation or aspiration
a hematoma AE that requires transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention
an hypertension AE that has prehypertension (systolic BP 120 - 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80 - 89 mm Hg)
an hypertension AE that for Adult: has stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP 140 - 159 mm Hg or diastolic BP 90 - 99 mm Hg); medical intervention indicated; recurrent or persistent (>=24 hrs); symptomatic increase by >20 mm Hg (diastolic) or to >140/90 mm Hg if previously WNL; monotherapy indicated; for Pediatric: recurrent or persistent (>=24 hrs) BP >ULN; monotherapy indicated.
an hypertension AE that for Adult has Stage 2 hypertension (systolic BP >=160 mm Hg or diastolic BP >=100 mm Hg); medical intervention indicated; more than one drug or more intensive therapy than previously used indicated; for Pediatric: Same as adult.
an hypertension AE that for Adult has life-threatening consequences (e.g., malignant hypertension, transient or permanent neurologic deficit, hypertensive crisis); urgent intervention indicated; for Pediatric: Same as adult
a peripheral ischaemia AE that has brief (<24 hrs) episode of ischemia managed non-surgically and without permanent deficit
a peripheral ischaemia AE that has a recurring or prolonged (>=24 hrs) and/or invasive intervention indicated
a vasculitis AE that shows severe symptoms, medical intervention indicated (e.g., steroids)
a vasculitis AE that shows threatening; evidence of peripheral or visceral ischemia; urgent intervention indicated
an alopecia AE that has hair loss of <50% of normal for that individual that is not obvious from a distance but only on close inspection; a different hair style may be required to cover the hair loss but it does not require a wig or hair piece to camouflage
an alopecia AE that has hair loss of >=50% normal for that individual that is readily apparent to others; a wig or hair piece is necessary if the patient desires to completely camouflage the hair loss; associated with psychosocial impact
a dry skin AE that is coverying <10% BSA and no associated erythema or pruritus
a dry skin AE that is coverying 10 - 30% BSA and associated with erythema or pruritus; limiting instrumental ADL
a dry skin AE that is coverying >30% BSA and associated with pruritus; limiting self care ADL
an erythema multiforme AE that has target lesions covering <10% BSA and not associated with skin tenderness
an erythema multiforme AE that has target lesions covering 10 - 30% BSA and associated with skin tenderness
an erythema multiforme AE that has target lesions covering >30% BSA and associated with oral or genital erosions
an erythema multiforme AE that has target lesions covering >30% BSA; associated with fluid or electrolyte abnormalities; ICU care or burn unit indicated
a hyperhidros AE that shows limited to one site (palms, soles, or axillae); self care interventions
a hyperhidros AE that has Involving >1 site; patient seeks medical intervention; associated with psychosocial impact
a hyperhidros AE that has Generalized involving sites other than palms, soles, or axillae; associated with electrolyte/hemodynamic imbalance
a palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE that has minimal skin changes or dermatitis (e.g., erythema, edema, or hyperkeratosis) without pain
Grade 1 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE
a palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE that has skin changes (e.g., peeling, blisters, bleeding, edema, or hyperkeratosis) with pain; limiting instrumental ADL
Grade 2 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE
a palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE that has severe skin changes (e.g., peeling, blisters, bleeding, edema, or hyperkeratosis) with pain; limiting self care ADL
Grade 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE
a periorbital edema AE that has soft or non-pitting
a periorbital edema AE that has indurated or pitting edema; topical intervention indicated
a periorbital edema AE that has edema associated with visual disturbance; increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma or retinal hemorrhage; optic neuritis; diuretics indicated; operative intervention indicated
a photosensitivity reaction AE that has painless erythema and erythema covering <10% BSA
a photosensitivity reaction AE that has tender erythema covering 10 - 30% BSA
a photosensitivity reaction AE that has erythema covering >30% BSA and erythema with blistering; photosensitivity; oral corticosteroid therapy indicated; pain control indicated (e.g., narcotics or NSAIDs)
a pruritus AE that has mild or localized; topical intervention indicated
a pruritus AE that has intense or widespread; intermittent; skin changes from scratching (e.g., edema, papulation, excoriations, lichenification, oozing/crusts); oral intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a pruritus AE that has intense or widespread; constant; limiting self care ADL or sleep; oral corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy indicated
a purpura AE that has combined area of lesions covering <10% BSA
a purpura AE that has combined area of lesions covering 10 - 30% BSA; bleeding with trauma
a purpura AE that has combined area of lesions covering >30% BSA; spontaneous bleeding
a skin atrophy AE that has covering <10% BSA; associated with telangiectasias or changes in skin color
a skin atrophy AE that has covering 10 - 30% BSA; associated with striae or adnexal structure loss
a skin atrophy AE that has covering >30% BSA; associated with ulceration
a skin hyperpigmentation AE that has hyperpigmentation covering <10% BSA; no psychosocial impact
a skin hyperpigmentation AE that has hyperpigmentation covering >10% BSA; associated psychosocial impact
a skin hypopigmentation AE that has hypopigmentation or depigmentation covering <10% BSA; no psychosocial impact
a skin hypopigmentation AE that has hypopigmentation or depigmentation covering >10% BSA; associated psychosocial impact
a stevens-johnson syndrome AE that has skin sloughing covering <10% BSA with associated signs (e.g., erythema, purpura, epidermal detachment and mucous membrane detachment)
a stevens-johnson syndrome AE that has skin sloughing covering 10 - 30% BSA with associated signs (e.g., erythema, purpura, epidermal detachment and mucous membrane detachment)
a telangiectasia AE that has telangiectasias covering <10% BSA
a telangiectasia AE that has telangiectasias covering >10% BSA; associated with psychosocial impact
a toxic epidermal necrolysis AE that has skin sloughing covering >=30% BSA with associated symptoms (e.g., erythema, purpura, or epidermal detachment)
an urticaria AE that has urticarial lesions covering <10% BSA; topical intervention indicated
an urticaria AE that has urticarial lesions covering 10 - 30% BSA; oral intervention indicated
an urticaria AE that has urticariallesions covering >30% BSA; IV intervention indicated
an aspiration AE that has altered eating habits; coughing or choking episodes after eating or swallowing; medical intervention indicated (e.g., suction or oxygen)
an aspiration AE that has dyspnea and pneumonia symptoms (e.g., aspiration pneumonia); hospitalization indicated; unable to aliment orally
an atelectasis AE that has symptomatic (e.g., dyspnea, cough); medical intervention indicated (e.g., chest physiotherapy, suctioning); bronchoscopic suctioning
an atelectasis AE that has oxygen indicated; hospitalization or elective operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser)
a chylothorax AE that has symptomatic; thoracentesis or tube drainage indicated
a chylothorax AE that has severe symptoms; elective operative intervention indicated
an epistaxis AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention indicated (e.g., nasal packing, cauterization; topical vasoconstrictors)
a Hiccups AE that has interfering with sleep; limiting self care ADL
a hoarseness AE that has mild or intermittent voice change; fully understandable; self-resolves
a hoarseness AE that has Moderate or persistent voice changes; may require occasional repetition but understandable on telephone; medical evaluation indicated
a hoarseness AE that has severe voice changes including predominantly whispered speech
a hypoxia AE that has decreased oxygen saturation with exercise (e.g., pulse oximeter <88%); intermittent supplemental oxygen
a hypoxia AE that has decreased oxygen saturation at rest (e.g., pulse oximeter <88% or PaO2 <=55 mm Hg)
a hypoxia AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a laryngeal edema AE that has stridor; respiratory distress; hospitalization indicated
a laryngeal edema AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a pleural effusion AE that has symptomatic; intervention indicated (e.g., diuretics or limited therapeutic thoracentesis)
a pleural effusion AE that has symptomatic with respiratory distress and hypoxia; surgical intervention including chest tube or pleurodesis indicated
a pleural hemorrhage AE that has asymptomatic; mild hemorrhage confirmed by thoracentesis
a pleural hemorrhage AE that has symptomatic or associated with pneumothorax; chest tube drainage indicated
a pleural hemorrhage AE that has >1000 ml of blood evacuated; persistent bleeding (150-200 ml/hr for 2 - 4 hr); persistent transfusion indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a pneumonitis AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; oxygen indicated
a pneumonitis AE that has life-threatening respiratory compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a pneumothorax AE that has symptomatic; intervention indicated (e.g., tube placement without sclerosis)
a pneumothorax AE that has sclerosis and/or operative intervention indicated; hospitalization indicated
a productive cough AE that has occasional/minimal production of sputum with cough
a productive cough AE that has moderate sputum production; limiting instrumental ADL
a productive cough AE that has persistent or copious production of sputum; limiting self care ADL
a pulmonary edema AE that has radiologic findings only; minimal dyspnea on exertion
a pulmonary edema AE that has moderate dyspnea on exertion; medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a pulmonary edema AE that has severe dyspnea or dyspnea at rest; oxygen indicated; limiting self care ADL
a pulmonary edema AE that has life-threatening respiratory compromise; urgent intervention or intubation with ventilatory support indicated
a pulmonary fibrosis AE that has mild hypoxemia; radiologic pulmonary fibrosis <25% of lung volume
a pulmonary fibrosis AE that has moderate hypoxemia; evidence of pulmonary hypertension; radiographic pulmonary fibrosis 25 - 50%
a pulmonary fibrosis AE that has severe hypoxemia; evidence of right-sided heart failure; radiographic pulmonary fibrosis >50 - 75%
a pulmonary fibrosis AE that has life-threatening consequences (e.g., hemodynamic/pulmonary complications); intubation with ventilatory support indicated; radiographic pulmonary fibrosis >75% with severe honeycombing
a pulmonary hypertension AE that has minimal dyspnea; findings on physical exam or other evaluation
a pulmonary hypertension AE that has moderate dyspnea, cough; requiring evaluation by cardiac catheterization and medical intervention
a pulmonary hypertension AE that has severe symptoms, associated with hypoxemia, right heart failure; oxygen indicated
a pulmonary hypertension AE that has life-threatening airway consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a sinus disorder AE that has asymptomatic mucosal crusting; blood-tinged secretions
a sinus disorder AE that has symptomatic stenosis or edema/narrowing interfering with airflow; limiting instrumental ADL
a sinus disorder AE that has stenosis with significant nasal obstruction; limiting self care ADL
a sinus disorder AE that has necrosis of soft tissue or bone; urgent operative intervention indicated
a sore throat AE that has Severe pain; limiting self care ADL; limiting ability to swallow
a stridor AE that has respiratory distress limiting self care ADL; medical intervention indicated
a stridor AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a voice alteration AE that has mild or intermittent change from normal voice
a voice alteration AE that has moderate or persistent change from normal voice; still understandable
a voice alteration AE that has severe voice changes including predominantly whispered speech; may require frequent repetition or face-to-face contact for understandability; may require assistive technology
a wheezing AE that has detectable airway noise with minimal symptoms
a wheezing AE that has severe respiratory symptoms limiting self care ADL; oxygen therapy or hospitalization indicated
a menorrhagia AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention indicated (e.g., hormones)
a menorrhagia AE that has severe; transfusion indicated; surgical intervention indicated (e.g., hysterectomy)
an acute kidney injury AE that has creatinine level increase of >0.3 mg/dL; creatinine 1.5 - 2.0 x above baseline
an acute kidney injury AE that has creatinine 2 - 3 x above baseline
an acute kidney injury AE that has creatinine >3 x baseline or >4.0 mg/dL; hospitalization indicated
a hematuria AE that has symptomatic; urinary catheter or bladder irrigation indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
a hematuria AE that has gross hematuria; transfusion, IV medications or hospitalization indicated; elective endoscopic, radiologic or operative intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL
an urinary incontinence AE that has occasional (e.g., with coughing, sneezing, etc.), pads not indicated
an urinary incontinence AE that has spontaneous; pads indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
an urinary incontinence AE that has Intervention indicated (e.g., clamp, collagen injections); operative intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL
an urinary retention AE that has urinary, suprapubic or intermittent catheter placement not indicated; able to void with some residual
an urinary retention AE that has placement of urinary, suprapubic or intermittent catheter placement indicated; medication indicated
an urinary retention AE that has elective operative or radiologic intervention indicated; substantial loss of affected kidney function or mass
a suicidal ideation AE that has increased thoughts of death but no wish to kill oneself
a suicidal ideation AE that has suicidal ideation with no specific plan or intent
a suicidal ideation AE that has specific plan to commit suicide without serious intent to die which may not require hospitalization
a suicidal ideation AE that has specific plan to commit suicide with serious intent to die which requires hospitalization
a suicide attempt AE that has suicide attempt or gesture without intent to die which may not require hospitalization
a suicide attempt AE that has suicide attempt with intent to die which requires hospitalization
an aphonia AE that has voicelessness; unable to speak
a depressed level of consciousness AE that has decreased level of alertness
Grade 1 depressed level of consciousness AE
a depressed level of consciousness AE that has Sedation; slow response to stimuli; limiting instrumental ADL
Grade 2 depressed level of consciousness AE
a depressed level of consciousness AE that is difficult to arouse
Grade 3 depressed level of consciousness AE
a dysgenusia AE that has altered taste but no change in diet
a dysgenusia AE that has altered taste with change in diet (e.g., oral supplements); noxious or unpleasant taste; loss of taste
a leukoencephalopathy AE that has asymptomatic; small focal T2/FLAIR hyperintensities; involving periventricular white matter or <1/3 of susceptible areas of cerebrum +/- mild increase in subarachnoid space (SAS) and/or mild ventriculomegaly
a leukoencephalopathy AE that has moderate symptoms; focal T2/FLAIR hyperintensities, involving periventricular white matter extending into centrum semiovale or involving 1/3 to 2/3 of susceptible areas of cerebrum +/- moderate increase in SAS and/or moderate ventriculomegaly
a leukoencephalopathy AE that has severe symptoms; extensive T2/FLAIR hyperintensities, involving periventricular white matter involving 2/3 or more of susceptible areas of cerebrum +/- moderate to severe increase in SAS and/or moderate to severe ventriculomegaly
a leukoencephalopathy AE that has life-threatening consequences; extensive T2/FLAIR hyperintensities, involving periventricular white matter involving most of susceptible areas of cerebrum +/- moderate to severe increase in SAS and/or moderate to severe ventriculomegaly
a myelitis AE that has asymptomatic; mild signs (e.g., Babinski's reflex or Lhermitte's sign)
a myelitis AE that has moderate weakness or sensory loss; limiting instrumental ADL
a myelitis AE that has severe weakness or sensory loss; limiting self care ADL
a presyncope AE that has present (e.g., near fainting)
a seizure AE that has brief partial seizure; no loss of consciousness
a seizure AE that has brief generalized seizure
a seizure AE that has multiple seizures despite medical intervention
a seizure AE that has life-threatening; prolonged repetitive seizures
a somnolence AE that has mild but more than usual drowsiness or sleepiness
a somnolence AE that has moderate sedation; limiting instrumental ADL
a somnolence AE that has obtundation or stupor
a syncope AE that has fainting; orthostatic collapse
an arthritis AE that has mild pain with inflammation, erythema, or joint swelling
an arthritis AE that has moderate pain associated with signs of inflammation, erythema, or joint swelling; limiting instrumental ADL
an arthritis AE that has severe pain associated with signs of inflammation, erythema, or joint swelling; irreversible joint damage; disabling; limiting self care ADL
a joint range of motion decreased AE that requires <=25% loss of ROM (range of motion); decreased ROM limiting athletic activity
Grade 1 joint range of motion decreased AE
a joint range of motion decreased AE that requires >25 - 50% decrease in ROM; limiting instrumental ADL
Grade 2 joint range of motion decreased AE
a joint range of motion decreased AE that requires >50% decrease in ROM; limiting self care ADL; disabling
Grade 3 joint range of motion decreased AE
an osteoporosis AE that has radiologic evidence of osteoporosis or Bone Mineral Density (BMD) t-score -1 to -2.5 (osteopenia); no loss of height or intervention indicated
an osteoporosis AE that has BMD t-score <-2.5; loss of height <2 cm; anti-osteoporotic therapy indicated; limiting instrumental ADL
an osteoporosis AE that has loss of height >=2 cm; hospitalization indicated; limiting self care ADL
an acidosis AE that has pH <normal, but >=7.3
an anorexia AE that has loss of appetite without alteration in eating habits
an anorexia AE that has oral intake altered without significant weight loss or malnutrition; oral nutritional supplements indicated
an anorexia AE that has associated with significant weight loss or malnutrition (e.g., inadequate oral caloric and/or fluid intake); tube feeding or TPN indicated
a dehydration AE that has increased oral fluids indicated; dry mucous membranes; diminished skin turgor
a dehydration AE that requires IIV fluids indicated <24 hrs
a hypercalcemia AE that has corrected serum calcium of >ULN - 11.5 mg/dL; >ULN - 2.9 mmol/L; Ionized calcium >ULN - 1.5 mmol/L
a hypercalcemia AE that has corrected serum calcium of >11.5 - 12.5 mg/dL; >2.9 - 3.1 mmol/L; Ionized calcium >1.5 - 1.6 mmol/L; symptomatic
a hypercalcemia AE that has corrected serum calcium of >12.5 - 13.5 mg/dL; >3.1 - 3.4 mmol/L; Ionized calcium >1.6 - 1.8 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated
a hypercalcemia AE that has corrected serum calcium of >13.5 mg/dL; >3.4 mmol/L; Ionized calcium >1.8 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hypeglycemia AE that has fasting glucose value >ULN - 160 mg/dL; Fasting glucose value >ULN - 8.9 mmol/L
a hypeglycemia AE that has fasting glucose value >160 - 250 mg/dL; Fasting glucose value >8.9 - 13.9 mmol/L
a hypeglycemia AE that has >250 - 500 mg/dL; >13.9 - 27.8 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated
a hypeglycemia AE that has >500 mg/dL; >27.8 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hyperkalemia AE that requires >ULN - 5.5 mmol/L
a hyperkalemia AE that requires >5.5 - 6.0 mmol/L
a hyperkalemia AE that requires >6.0 - 7.0 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated
a hyperkalemia AE that requires >7.0 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hypertriglyceridemia AE that requires 150 mg/dL - 300 mg/dL; 1.71 mmol/L - 3.42 mmol/L
a hypertriglyceridemia AE that requires >300 mg/dL - 500 mg/dL; >3.42 mmol/L - 5.7 mmol/L
a hypertriglyceridemia AE that requires >500 mg/dL - 1000 mg/dL; >5.7 mmol/L - 11.4 mmol/L
a hypertriglyceridemia AE that requires >1000 mg/dL; >11.4 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hyperuricemia AE that requires >ULN - 10 mg/dL (0.59 mmol/L) without physiologic consequences
a hyperuricemia AE that requires >ULN - 10 mg/dL (0.59 mmol/L) with physiologic consequences
a hyperuricemia AE that requires >10 mg/dL; >0.59 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hypoalbuminemia AE that requires NCI<LLN - 3 g/dL; <LLN - 30 g/L
a hypoalbuminemia AE that requires NCI<3 - 2 g/dL; <30 - 20 g/L
a hypoalbuminemia AE that requires NCI<2 g/dL; <20 g/L
a hypocalcemia AE that requires corrected serum calcium of <LLN - 8.0 mg/dL; <LLN - 2.0 mmol/L; Ionized calcium <LLN - 1.0 mmol/L
a hypocalcemia AE that requires corrected serum calcium of <8.0 - 7.0 mg/dL; <2.0 - 1.75 mmol/L; Ionized calcium <1.0 - 0.9 mmol/L; symptomatic
a hypocalcemia AE that requires corrected serum calcium of <7.0 - 6.0 mg/dL; <1.75 - 1.5 mmol/L; Ionized calcium <0.9 - 0.8 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated
a hypocalcemia AE that requires corrected serum calcium of <6.0 mg/dL; <1.5 mmol/L; Ionized calcium <0.8 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hypoglycernia AE that requires <LLN - 55 mg/dL; <LLN - 3.0 mmol/L
a hypoglycernia AE that requires <55 - 40 mg/dL; <3.0 - 2.2 mmol/L
a hypoglycernia AE that requires <40 - 30 mg/dL; <2.2 - 1.7 mmol/L
a hypoglycernia AE that requires <30 mg/dL; <1.7 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences; seizures
a hypomagnesemia AE that requires <LLN - 1.2 mg/dL; <LLN - 0.5 mmol/L
a hypomagnesemia AE that requires <1.2 - 0.9 mg/dL; <0.5 - 0.4 mmol/L
a hypomagnesemia AE that requires <0.9 - 0.7 mg/dL; <0.4 - 0.3 mmol/L
a hypomagnesemia AE that requires <0.7 mg/dL; <0.3 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a hypophosphatemia AE that requires <LLN - 2.5 mg/dL; <LLN - 0.8 mmol/L
a hypophosphatemia AE that requires <2.5 - 2.0 mg/dL; <0.8 - 0.6 mmol/L
a hypophosphatemia AE that requires <2.0 - 1.0 mg/dL; <0.6 - 0.3 mmol/L
a hypophosphatemia AE that requires <1.0 mg/dL; <0.3 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences
a behavioral quality where the behavior in an organism is abnormal.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormality_(behavior)
behavior abnormal quality
a cough AE that shows an increased rate of coughing
cough increased AE
a viral infection AE that is caused by a herpes virus. Note that there are 8 herpesvirus types.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridae
herpes viral infection AE
a herpez zoster AE that occurs in children.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_zoster_virus
chickenpox AE
a nervous system AE that shows abnormal neurologic reflexes, which can be tesetd by the knee jerk reaction.
abnormal reflex AE
an abnormal reflex AE where the patient has a condition of below normal or absent reflexes (areflexia). Hyporeflexia is the condition of below normal or absent reflexes. Hyporeflexia is generally associated with a lower motor neuron deficit (at the alpha motor neurons from the spinal cord to muscle).
hyporeflexia AE
an abnormal reflex AE that has an outcome of overactive reflexes, indicative of upper motor neuron disease as well as lessening or loss of control ordinarily exerted by higher brain centers of lower neural pathways.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreflexia
hyperreflexia AE
a cardiac arrest AE where there is no discernible electrical activity on the ECG monitor.
WEB: http://www.cardiachealth.org/asystole-and-pulseless-electrical-activity
Asystole is the absence of electrical activity in the heart, as evidenced by a flat line on an EKG. Cardiac arrest is a more general term for conditions where the heart is not circulating blood. Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) or pulseless Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) are examples of EKG rhythms which also will produce cardiac arrest, but are not asystole. Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is another catch-all where there is an otherwise survivable EKG, but no blood is circulating. This can be caused by trauma to the heart, or tremendous blood loss, among other reasons. See: https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081027100243AAy0yt4
asystole AE
an eye inflammation AE that occurs at the corneal area.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keratitis/basics/definition/con-20035288
keratitis AE
an infection AE where one or two eyes get infected by bacteria, fungi, or viruses.
WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eyeinfections.html
eye infection AE
an inflammation AE that shows inflammation at the location of appendix.
appendicitis AE
an electrocardiogram QT prolonged AE that estimates the QT interval at a heart rate of 60 bpm.
WEB: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/qt_interval/
electrocardiogram QT corrected interval prolonged AE
a cross product of coordination abnormal AE and balance disorder AE
coordination and balance disorder AE
an anorexia AE that has loss of appetite of greasy food.
WEB: http://www.anxietycare.org.uk/docs/eating.asp
aversion to greasy food AE
a coordination and balance disorder AE that has difficulty in standing
dystasia AE
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysstasia
WEB: http://www.dermnetnz.org/reactions/radiation-dermatitis.html
dermatitis radiation AE
a gastric disorder AE that shows an rupture in the stomach
stomach rupture
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastrorrhexis
gastrorrhexis AE
an injury AE that refers to break or burst suddenly (esp. of a pipe, a vessel, or a bodily part such as an organ or membrane)
YH. QL
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupture
rupture AE
a radiation skin injury AE that shows skin burn from exposure to a large external dose of radiation
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_burn
radiation burn AE
a troponin AE which indicates increased levels of cardiac troponin I in a biological specimen
a musculoskeletal or connective tissue AE that has greater growth than expected for age.
a surgery AE that has the finding of a previously undocumented problem that occurs after a thoracic procedure.
postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE
a uterine AE that has a rupture in the uterine wall.
a female reproductive system AE that has the finding of rupture of the fallopian tube wall.
an endocrine system AE that occurs when the adrenal cortex does not produce enough of the hormone cortisol and in some cases, the hormone aldosterone. It may be due to a disorder of the adrenal cortex as in Addison's disease or primary adrenal insufficiency.
an endocrine system AE that has signs and symptoms that resemble Cushing's disease or syndrome: buffalo hump obesity, striations, adiposity, hypertension, diabetes, and osteoporosis, usually due to exogenous corticosteroids.
an endocrine system AE that has unusually late sexual maturity.
an endocrine system AE that has an increase in production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. This results in hypercalcemia (abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood).
an endocrine system AE that has a decrease in production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands.
an endocrine system AE that has inappropriate masculinization occurring in a female or prepubertal male.
an endocrine system AE that has unusually early development of secondary sexual features; the onset of sexual maturation begins usually before age 8 for girls and before age 9 for boys.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of tumor-like collection of serum in the tissues.
a medical intervention site AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the jejunal mucosal surface close to the anastomosis site following a gastroenterostomy procedure.
a medical intervention site AE that has a finding of blood leakage from the intestinal stoma.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a pancreatic anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of bile due to breakdown of a biliary anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of blockage of the normal flow of the contents of the intestinal stoma.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of contents from an intestinal stoma (surgically created opening on the surface of the body).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of a previously undocumented problem related to the vascular access site.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a pharyngeal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of protrusion of the intestinal stoma (surgically created opening on the surface of the body) above the abdominal surface.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of bleeding from the urostomy site.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of blood leakage from the tracheostomy site.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a fallopian tube anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of urine due to breakdown of a bladder anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of urine due to breakdown of a kidney anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a ureteral anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a urethral anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of displacement of the urostomay
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a gastrointestinal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of contents from a urostomy.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of blockage of the urostomy.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of narrowing of the opening of a urostomy.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a uterine anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a vaginal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a vas deferens anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of an anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures) in the large intestine.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of an anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures) in the small bowel.
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a gastric anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a rectal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a spermatic cord anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of narrowing of the gastrointestinal stoma (surgically created opening on the surface of the body).
a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of an esophageal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures).
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the bladder.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the uterine cervix.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the brain tissue.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the brain and spinal cord tissues.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the endocardial layer of the heart.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the gums.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the skeletal muscles.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a joint.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the kidney.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the outer ear and ear canal. Contributory factors include excessive water exposure (swimmer's ear infection) and cuts in the ear canal. Symptoms include fullness, itching, swelling and marked discomfort in the ear and ear drainage.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the salivary gland.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the wound.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a tooth.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the prostate gland.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the lymph nodes.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the pancreas.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the urethra.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the ovary.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the abdominal cavity.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the liver.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the vein. Clinical manifestations include erythema, marked discomfort, swelling, and induration along the course of the infected vein.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the peritoneum.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the mediastinum.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the pelvic cavity.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the esophagus.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the small and large intestines.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the nasal mucosal.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the bones.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the pleura.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the anal area and the rectum.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the biliary tract.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the penis.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the spleen.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the scrotum.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the endometrium. It may extend to the myometrium and parametrial tissues.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the gallbladder.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a stoma (surgically created opening on the surface of the body).
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving an artery.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the duodenum.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the lips.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the cecum.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a mucosal surface.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a cranial nerve.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the peripheral nerves.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the small intestine.
an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the vulva.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the anal region.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the gallbladder region.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the gastrointestinal region.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the liver region.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort of the lip.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the rectal region.
a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the stomach.
a chest pain AE that has discomfort in the chest unrelated to a heart disorder.
a respiratory system AE that has the finding of blockage of the lumen of the trachea.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the colon.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the esophagus.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from esophageal varices.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the liver.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the mouth.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the pancreas.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the retroperitoneal area.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, large intestine, and anus).
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the duodenum.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the ileal wall.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding in the abdominal cavity.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the jejunal wall.
a hemorrhage AE that has the finding of bleeding occurring after a surgical procedure.
a hemorrhage AE that has the finding of bleeding from the trachea.
a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the cecum.
an anus AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the anal canal.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the bile ducts and another organ or anatomic site.
a digestive system AE that has subject-reported feeling of uncomfortable fullness of the abdomen.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the large intestine and another organ or anatomic site.
a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the colon.
a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the colonic wall.
a digestive system AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the colon.
a duodenum AE that has an abnormal communication between the duodenum and another organ or anatomic site.
a duodenum AE that has blockage of the normal flow of stomach contents through the duodenum.
a duodenum AE that has a rupture in the duodenal wall.
an esophagus AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents in the esophagus.
an esophagus AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the esophageal wall.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the gallbladder and another organ or anatomic site.
a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents of the gallbladder.
a gastrointestinal perforation AE that occurs in the stomach wall.
a gastrointestinal disoder AE that has an abnormal communication between any part of the gastrointestinal system and another organ or anatomic site.
a gastric AE that has an incomplete paralysis of the muscles of the stomach wall resulting in delayed emptying of the gastric contents into the small intestine.
a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the ileum.
a digestive system AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the ileum.
a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the jejunal wall.
a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the jejunum.
a digestive system AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the jejunum.
a digestive system AE that has inadequate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Symptoms include abdominal marked discomfort, bloating and diarrhea.
a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents in the stomach.
a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the wall of the extrahepatic or intrahepatic bile duct.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the rectum and another organ or anatomic site.
a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the rectal wall.
a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the rectum.
a digestive system AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the rectum.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between a salivary gland and another organ or anatomic site.
a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the small intestine wall.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the pancreas and another organ or anatomic site.
a duodenum AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the duodenum.
a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the bile duct.
a gastric disorder AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the gastric wall.
a digestive system AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the pancreas.
a digestive system AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the gallbladder.
a gastric disorder AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the stomach.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the urinary bladder and the intestine.
a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the pancreatic duct.
a digestive system AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the peritoneum.
a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the rectum.
a gastrointestinal disoder AE that has the finding of a necrotic process occurring in the gastrointestinal tract stoma.
a gastric disorder AE that has an abnormal communication between the stomach and another organ or anatomic site.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the jejunum and another organ or anatomic site.
an anus AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the anal region.
an esophagus AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the esophageal wall.
a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the ileum and another organ or anatomic site.
a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the ileum.
a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the jejunum.
an esophagus AE that has an abnormal communication between the esophagus and another organ or anatomic site.
an eye AE that has dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva.
an eye AE that has a sudden or brief burst of light.
an eye AE that has an individual seeing spots before their eyes. The spots are shadows of opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor or lens.
an eye AE that has an inability to see clearly in dim light.
an eye AE that has a small laceration of the retina, this occurs when the vitreous separates from the retina. Symptoms include flashes and floaters.
an eye AE that has pathological retinal blood vessels that adversely affects vision.
an eye AE that has blood extravasation into the vitreous humor.
an eye AE that has excessive tearing in the eyes; it can be caused by overproduction of tears or impaired drainage of the tear duct.
an eye AE that has involvement of the optic nerve (second cranial nerve).
an eye AE that has involvement of the sclera of the eye.
an ear AE that has dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and vision problems.
an ear pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the external ear region.
a cardiovascular AE that has a thickened and fibrotic pericardial sac; these fibrotic changes impede normal myocardial function by restricting myocardial muscle action.
a cardiovascular AE that has a dysrhythmia with alternating periods of bradycardia and atrial tachycardia accompanied by syncope, fatigue and dizziness.
a cardiovascular AE that has an increase in intrapericardial pressure due to the collection of blood or fluid in the pericardium.
a cardiovascular AE that has a defect in tricuspid valve function or structure.
a cardiovascular AE that has a defect in mitral valve function or structure.
a cardiovascular AE that has a defect in pulmonary valve function or structure.
a cardiovascular AE that has a defect in aortic valve function or structure.
a bone AE that has a change in tooth hue or tint.
an edema AE that has swelling due to an accumulation of excessive fluid in the neck.
an edema AE that has swelling due to excessive fluid accumulation in the trunk area.
an inflammation AE that has inflammation of the rectum.
an inflammation AE that has inflammation of the mucous membrane of the rectum
an inflammation AE that has inflammation of the mucous membrane of the anus.
an inflammation AE that has inflammation, swelling and redness to the outer ear and ear canal.
an inflammation AE that has inflammation (physiologic response to irritation), swelling and redness to the middle ear.
a death AE that has cessation of life occurring during the first 28 days of life.
a fracture AE that has a break in the continuity of the ankle bone. Symptoms include marked discomfort, swelling and difficulty moving the affected leg and foot.
a fracture AE that has the finding of traumatic injury to the hip in which the continuity of either the femoral head, femoral neck, intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric regions is broken.
a fracture AE that has the finding of traumatic injury to the spine in which the continuity of a vertebral bone is broken.
a fracture AE that has the finding of traumatic injury to the wrist joint in which the continuity of a wrist bone is broken.
a lung infection AE that has an infectious process involving the bronchi.
a muscle enzyme level increased AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an increase in levels of creatine phosphokinase in a blood specimen.
a recall phenomenon AE that has the finding of acute skin inflammatory reaction caused by drugs, especially chemotherapeutic agents, for weeks or months following radiotherapy. The inflammatory reaction is confined to the previously irradiated skin and the symptoms disappear after the removal of the pharmaceutical agent.
radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE
an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of CD4 lymphocytes in a blood specimen.
a respiratory and pulmonary investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on pulmonary function test results that indicate an abnormal vital capacity (amount of exhaled after a maximum inhalation) when compared to the predicted value.
a respiratory and pulmonary investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on lung function test results that indicate a decrease in the lung capacity to absorb carbon monoxide.
carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE
an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate abnormal levels of antidiuretic hormone in the blood specimen.
an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of corticotrophin in a blood specimen.
an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate abnormal levels of gonadotrophin hormone in a blood specimen.
an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate abnormal levels of prolactin hormone in a blood specimen.
an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate abnormal levels of growth hormone in a biological specimen.
an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of pancreatic enzymes in a biological specimen.
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of fibrinogen in a blood specimen.
a hematology investigation result abnormal with the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of haptoglobin in a blood specimen.
a coronary heart disease AE that has signs and symptoms related to acute ischemia of the myocardium secondary to coronary artery disease. The clinical presentation covers a spectrum of heart diseases from unstable angina to myocardial infarction.
an eyelid disorder AE that has impaired eyelid function.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the aorta.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to an artery
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the carotid artery.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the inferior vena cava.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the superior vena cava.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the gastrointestinal system during a surgical procedure.
intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to an artery during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the hepatic parenchyma and/or biliary tract during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the urinary system during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the musculoskeletal system during a surgical procedure.
intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the nervous system during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the breast parenchyma during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the respiratory system during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the endocrine gland during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the reproductive organs during a surgical procedure.
intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the eye during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the head and neck during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the heart during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the ear during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the kidney during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE finding of damage to the skin during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the spleen during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to a vein during a surgical procedure.
an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the jugular vein.
an appendicitis AE that has acute inflammation to the vermiform appendix caused by a pathogenic agent with gangrenous changes resulting in the rupture of the appendiceal wall. The appendiceal wall rupture causes the release of inflammatory and bacterial contents from the appendiceal lumen into the abdominal cavity.
a troponin AE which indicates increased levels of cardiac troponin T in a biological specimen
an eye infection AE that has an infectious process involving the conjunctiva. Clinical manifestations include pink or red color in the eyes.
an eye infection AE that has an infectious process involving the internal structures of the eye.
an eye infection AE that has an infectious process involving the orbit of the eye.
an eye infection AE that has an infectious process involving the cornea.
a fatigue AE that has fatigue relieved by rest
a fatigue AE that has fatigue not relieved by rest; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a fatigue AE that has fatigue not relieved by rest, limiting self care activities of daily living
a myocardial infarction AE that has asymptomatic and cardiac enzymes minimally abnormal and no evidence of ischemic ECG changes
a myocardial infarction AE that has severe symptoms; cardiac enzymes abnormal; hemodynamically stable; ECG changes consistent with infarction
a pancreatitis AE that has enzyme elevation or radiologic findings only
a pancreatitis AE that has severe pain; vomiting; medical intervention indicated (e.g., analgesia, nutritional support)
an activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 1.5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 1 activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE
an activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE that is 1.5-2.5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 2 activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE
an activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE that is greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal; hemorrhage
Grade 3 activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE
an alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 3 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 1 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE
an alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 3 to 5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 2 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE
an alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 5 to 20 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 3 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE
an alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 20 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 4 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE
an anal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an anal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling
an atrial flutter AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker), or ablation
an otitis media AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
an otitis media AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a pericarditis AE that has asymptomatic, ECG or physical findings (e.g., rub) consistent with pericarditis
a pericarditis AE that has symptomatic pericarditis (e.g., chest pain)
a pericarditis AE that has pericarditis with physiologic consequences (e.g., pericardial constriction)
a pharyngitis AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a pharyngitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a fever AE that has 38.0 - 39.0 degrees C (100.4 - 102.2 degrees F)
a fever AE that has greater than 39.0 - 40.0 degrees C (102.3 - 104.0 degrees F)
a fever AE that has greater than 40.0 degrees C (greater than104.0 degrees F) for less than or equal to 24 hrs
a fever AE that has greater than 40.0 degrees C (greater than104.0 degrees F) for more than 24 hrs
an injection-site adverse event characterized by tenderness with or without associated symptoms (e.g., warmth, erythema, itching)
an injection-site adverse event characterized by pain; lipodystrophy; edema; phlebitis
an injection-site adverse event characterized by ulceration or necrosis; severe tissue damage; operative intervention indicated
a leukocyte cell number increased AE where leukocytes are greater than 100,000/mm3
a leukocyte cell number increased AE that has clinical manifestations of leucostasis; urgent intervention indicated
a leukocyte cell number decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal - 3000/mm3; less than the lower limit of normal - 3.0 x 10e9 /L
Grade 1 leukocyte cell number decreased AE
a leukocyte cell number decreased AE that is less than 3000 - 2000/mm3; less than 3.0 - 2.0 x 10e9 /L
Grade 2 leukocyte cell number decreased AE
a leukocyte cell number decreased AE that is less than 2000 - 1000/mm3; less than 2.0 - 1.0 x 10e9 /L
Grade 3 leukocyte cell number decreased AE
a leukocyte cell number decreased AE that is less than 1000/mm3; less than 1.0 x 10e9 /L
Grade 4 leukocyte cell number decreased AE
a malaise AE that has uneasiness or lack of well being
a malaise AE that has uneasiness or lack of well being; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a chills AE that has mild sensation of cold; shivering; chattering of teeth
A chills AE that has moderate tremor of the entire body; narcotics indicated
a chills AE that has severe or prolonged, not responsive to narcotics
an edema face AE that has localized facial edema
a meningitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated; focal neurologic deficit
a serum sickness AE that has moderate arthralgia; fever, rash, urticaria, antihistamines indicated
a serum sickness AE that has severe arthralgia or arthritis; extensive rash; steroids or IV fluids indicated
a urinary tract infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a urinary tract infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a laryngitis AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a laryngitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a dry mouth AE that is symptomatic (e.g., dry or thick saliva) without significant dietary alteration; unstimulated saliva flow greater than0.2 ml/min
a dry mouth AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intake alterations (e.g., copious water, other lubricants, diet limited to purees and/or soft, moist foods); unstimulated saliva 0.1 to 0.2 ml/min
a dry mouth AE that has the inability to adequately aliment orally; tube feeding or TPN indicated; unstimulated saliva <0.1 ml/min
a pustular rash AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a pustular rash AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a flatulence AE that has moderate; persistent; psychosocial sequelae
a weight loss AE that is 5 to less than 10% from baseline; intervention not indicated
a weight loss AE that is 10 - less than 20% from baseline; nutritional support indicated
a weight loss AE that is greater than or equal to 20% from baseline; tube feeding or TPN indicated
an abnormal gait AE that has mild change in gait (e.g., wide-based, limping or hobbling)
an abnormal gait AE that has moderate change in gait (e.g., wide-based, limping or hobbling); assistive device indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
an anemia AE where hemoglobin (Hgb) is less than the lower limit of normal (LLN), which is 10.0 g/dL, 6.2 mmol/L, or 100 g/L.
an anemia AE where hemoglobin (Hgb) is less than 10.0-8.0 g/dL, 6.2 -4.9 mmol/L, or 100 - 80 g/L.
an anemia AE where hemoglobin (Hgb) is less than 8.0 g/dL, 4.9 mmol/L, or 80 g/L.
a sinusitis AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a sinusitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
an allergy AE that has transient flushing or rash, drug fever <38 degrees C (<100.4 degrees F); intervention not indicated
an allergy AE where intervention or infusion interruption indicated; responds promptly to symptomatic treatment (e.g., antihistamines, NSAIDS, narcotics); prophylactic medications indicated for less than or equal to 24 hrs
an allergy AE that is prolonged (e.g., not rapidly responsive to symptomatic medication and/or brief interruption of infusion); recurrence of symptoms following initial improvement; hospitalization indicated for clinical sequelae (e.g., renal impairment, pulmonary infiltrates)
a dysphagia AE that is symptomatic, able to eat regular diet
a dysphagia AE that is symptomatic and altered eating/swallowing
a dysphagia AE that has severely altered eating/swallowing; tube feeding or TPN or hospitalization indicated
a platelet count decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal - 75,000/mm3; less than the lower limit of normal - 75.0 x 10e9 /L
a platelet count decreased AE that is less than 75,000 - 50,000/mm3; less than 75.0 - 50.0 x 10e9 /L
a platelet count decreased AE that is less than 50,000 - 25,000/mm3; less than 50.0 - 25.0 x 10e9 /L
a platelet count decreased AE that is less than 25,000/mm3; less than 25.0 x 10e9 /L
a vomiting AE that has 1 - 2 episodes (separated by 5 minutes) in 24 hrs
a vomiting AE that has 3 - 5 episodes (separated by 5 minutes) in 24 hrs
a vomiting AE that has 6 or more episodes (separated by 5 minutes) in 24 hrs; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated
a constipation AE that has occasional or intermittent symptoms; occasional use of stool softeners, laxatives, dietary modification, or enema
a constipation AE that has persistent symptoms with regular use of laxatives or enemas; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a constipation AE that has obstipation with manual evacuation indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living
a lymphocyte count increased AE that is greater than 4000/mm3 - 20,000/mm3
a lymphocyte count increased AE that is greater than 20,000/mm3
a hypothermia AE that has 35 - greater than 32 degrees C; 95 - greater than 89.6 degrees F
a hypothermia AE that has 32 - greater than 28 degrees C; 89.6 - greater than 82.4 degrees F
a hypothermia AE that has less than or equal to 28 degrees C; 82.4 degrees F; life-threatening consequences (e.g., coma, hypotension, pulmonary edema, acidemia, ventricular fibrillation)
a hematoma AE that is localized or in a dependent area
an aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 3 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 1 aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE
an aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 3 to 5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 2 aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE
an aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 5 to 20 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE
an aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 20 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 4 aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE
an atrial fibrillation AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker), or ablation
a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 2.5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 1 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE
a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that is greater than 2.5 to 5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 2 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE
a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that is greater than 5 to 20 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 3 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE
a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that is greater than 20 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 4 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE
a blood amylase level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal - 1.5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 1 blood amylase level increased AE
a blood amylase level increased AE that is greater than 1.5 - 2.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 2 blood amylase level increased AE
a blood amylase level increased AE that is greater than 2.0 - 5.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 3 blood amylase level increased AE
a blood amylase level increased AE that is greater than 5.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 4 blood amylase level increased AE
a blood bilirubin level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 1.5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 1 blood bilirubin level increased AE
a blood bilirubin level increased AE that is greater than 1.5 to 3 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 2 blood bilirubin level increased AE
a blood bilirubin level increased AEgreater than3.0 - 10.0 x upper limit of normal
Grade 3 blood bilirubin level increased AE
a blood bilirubin level increased AE that is greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 4 blood bilirubin level increased AE
a blood cholesterol increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 300 mg/dL; greater than the upper limit of normal to 7.75 mmol/L
a blood cholesterol increased AE that is greater than 300 - 400 mg/dL; greater than 7.75 - 10.34 mmol/L
a blood cholesterol increased AE that is greater than 400 - 500 mg/dL; greater than 10.34 - 12.92 mmol/L
a blood cholesterol increased AE that is greater than 500 mg/dL; greater than 12.92 mmol/L
a blood creatinine level increased AE that is greater than 1 - 1.5 times the baseline; greater than the upper limit of normal - 1.5 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 1 blood creatinine level increased AE
a blood creatinine level increased AE that is greater than 1.5 - 3.0 times the baseline; greater than 1.5 - 3.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 2 blood creatinine level increased AE
a blood creatinine level increased AE that is greater than 3.0 times the baseline; greater than 3.0 - 6.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 3 blood creatinine level increased AE
a blood creatinine level increased AE that is greater than 6.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 4 blood creatinine level increased AE
a bone marrow depression AE categorized as mildly hypocellular or less than or equal to 25% reduction from normal cellularity for age
a bone marrow depression AE categorized as moderately hypocellular or greater than 25 to less than 50% reduction from normal cellularity for age
a bone marrow depression AE cateogirzed as severely hypocellular or greater than 50 to less than or equal to 75% reduction cellularity from normal for age
a bone marrow depression AE categorized as aplastic persistent for longer than 2 weeks
a breast infection AE that has local infection with moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a breast infection AE that has severe infection; axillary adenitis; IV antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated
a cardiac failure AE that is asymptomatic with laboratory (e.g., BNP [B-Natriuretic Peptide ]) or cardiac imaging abnormalities
a cardiac failure AE that has symptoms with mild to moderate activity or exertion
a cardiac failure AE that has severe with symptoms at rest or with minimal activity or exertion; intervention indicated
a cardiac failure AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., continuous IV therapy or mechanical hemodynamic support)
a cataract AE that is symptomatic; moderate decrease in visual acuity (20/40 or better)
a cataract AE that is symptomatic with marked decrease in visual acuity (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200); operative intervention indicated (e.g., cataract surgery)
a cataract AE that is characterized by blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a catheter related infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a catheter related infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a colitis AE that has abdominal pain; mucus or blood in stool
a colitis AE that has severe abdominal pain; change in bowel habits; medical intervention indicated; peritoneal signs
a cytokine release syndrome AE that has a mild reaction; infusion interruption not indicated; intervention not indicated
a cytokine release syndrome AE where therapy or infusion interruption indicated but responds promptly to symptomatic treatment (e.g., antihistamines, NSAIDS, narcotics, IV fluids); prophylactic medications indicated for less than or equal to 24 hrs
a cytokine release syndrome AEthat is prolonged (e.g., not rapidly responsive to symptomatic medication and/or brief interruption of infusion); recurrence of symptoms following initial improvement; hospitalization indicated for clinical sequelae (e.g., renal impairment, pulmonary infiltrates)
a dental caries AE that has one or more dental caries, not involving the root
a dental caries AE that has dental caries involving the root
a dental caries AE that has dental caries resulting in pulpitis or periapical abscess or resulting in tooth loss
a device related infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a disseminated intravascular coagulation AE that has laboratory findings with no bleeding
Grade 2 disseminated intravascular coagulation AE
a disseminated intravascular coagulation AE that has laboratory findings and bleeding
Grade 3 disseminated intravascular coagulation AE
an ejection fraction decreased AE where the resting ejection fraction (EF) 50 - 40%; 10 - 19% drop from baseline
an ejection fraction decreased AE where the resting ejection fraction (EF) 39 - 20%; greater than 20% drop from baseline
an ejection fraction decreased AE where the resting ejection fraction (EF) less than 20%
an electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE where the QTc 450 - 480 ms
Grade 1 electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE
an electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE where the QTc 481 - 500 ms
Grade 2 electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE
an electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE where the QTc is greater than or equal to 501 ms on at least two separate ECGs
Grade 3 electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE
an electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE where the QTc is greater than or equal to 501 or greater than 60 ms change from baseline and Torsade de pointes or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or signs/symptoms of serious arrhythmia
Grade 4 electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE
an enterocolitis AE that has abdominal pain; mucus or blood in stool
an enterocolitis AE that has severe or persistent abdominal pain; fever; ileus; peritoneal signs
a fall AE that is minor with no resultant injuries; intervention not indicated
a fall AE where hospitalization indicated
a febrile neutropenia AE categorized as anC less than 1000/mm3 with a single temperature of greater than 38.3 degrees C (101 degrees F) or a sustained temperature of greater than or equal to 38 degrees C (100.4 degrees F) for more than one hour.
a forced expiratory volume decreased AE where FEV1% (percentages of observed FEV1 and FVC related to their respective predicted values) 99 - 70% predicted
Grade 1 forced expiratory volume decreased AE
a forced expiratory volume decreased AE where FEV1 60 - 69%
Grade 2 forced expiratory volume decreased AE
a forced expiratory volume decreased AE where FEV1 50 - 59%
Grade 3 forced expiratory volume decreased AE
a forced expiratory volume decreased AE where FEV1 is less than or equal to 49%
Grade 4 forced expiratory volume decreased AE
a fracture AE that is symptomatic but non-displaced; immobilization indicated
a fracture AE that has severe symptoms; displaced or open wound with bone exposure; disabling; operative intervention indicated
a gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal - 2.5 times upper limit of normal
Grade 1 gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE
a gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE that is greater than 2.5 - 5.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 2 gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE
a gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE that is greater than 5.0 - 20.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 3 gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE
a gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE that is greater than 20.0 times the upper limit of normal
Grade 4 gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE
a gastric ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a gastric ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling
a gastritis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; medical intervention indicated
a gastritis AE that has severely altered eating or gastric function; TPN or hospitalization indicated
a hemolytic uremic syndrome AE that has evidence of RBC destruction (schistocytosis) without clinical consequences
a hemolytic uremic syndrome AE that has laboratory findings with clinical consequences (e.g., renal insufficiency, petechiae)
a hemolytic uremic syndrome AE that has life-threatening consequences, (e.g., CNS hemorrhage or thrombosis/embolism or renal failure)
a hemorrhoidal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a hepatic failure AE that has asterixis; mild encephalopathy; limiting self care activities of daily living
a hepatic failure AE that has moderate to severe encephalopathy; coma; life-threatening consequences
a hepatitis viral AE that has symptomatic liver dysfunction; fibrosis by biopsy; compensated cirrhosis; reactivation of chronic hepatitis
a hepatitis viral AE that has decompensated liver function (e.g., ascites, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, coma)
an ileus AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; bowel rest indicated
an ileus AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated
an infusion related reaction AE that has mild transient reaction; infusion interruption not indicated; intervention not indicated
an infusion related reaction AE where therapy or infusion interruption indicated but responds promptly to symptomatic treatment (e.g., antihistamines, NSAIDS, narcotics, IV fluids); prophylactic medications indicated for less than or equal to 24 hrs
an infusion related reaction AE that is prolonged (e.g., not rapidly responsive to symptomatic medication and/or brief interruption of infusion); recurrence of symptoms following initial improvement; hospitalization indicated for clinical sequelae
an infusion site extravasation AE that has erythema with associated symptoms (e.g., edema, pain, induration, phlebitis)
an infusion site extravasation AE that has ulceration or necrosis; severe tissue damage; operative intervention indicated
an irritability AE that has mild; easily consolable
an irritability AE that has moderate; limiting instrumental activities of daily living; increased attention indicated
an irritability AE that has severe abnormal or excessive response; limiting self care activities of daily living; inconsolable
a left ventricular dysfunction AE that has symptomatic due to drop in ejection fraction responsive to intervention
Grade 3 left venticular systolic dysfuction AE
a left ventricular dysfunction AE chracterized as refractory or poorly controlled heart failure due to drop in ejection fraction; intervention such as ventricular assist device, intravenous vasopressor support, or heart transplant indicated
Grade 4 left ventricular systolic dysfuction AE
a lipase increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal - 1.5 times upper limit of normal
a lipase increased AE that is greater than 1.5 - 2.0 times upper limit of normal
a lipase increased AE that is greater than 2.0 - 5.0 times upper limit of normal
a lipase increased AE that is greater than 5.0 times upper limit of normal
a localized edema AE that has localized to dependent areas, no disability or functional impairment
a lung infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a lung infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a lymphocyte count decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal - 800/mm3; less than the lower limit of normal - 0.8 x 10e9 /L
a lymphocyte count decreased AE that is less than 800 - 500/mm3; less than 0.8 - 0.5 x 10e9 /L
a lymphocyte count decreased AE that is less than 500 - 200/mm3; less than 0.5 - 0.2 x 10e9 /L
a lymphocyte count decreased AE that is less than 200/mm3; less than 0.2 x 10e9 /L
a myocarditis AE that has asymptomatic with laboratory (e.g., BNP [B-Natriuretic Peptide ]) or cardiac imaging abnormalities
a myocarditis AE that has symptoms with mild to moderate activity or exertion
a myocarditis AE that has severe with symptoms at rest or with minimal activity or exertion; intervention indicated
a myocarditis AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., continuous IV therapy or mechanical hemodynamic support)
a neutrophil count decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal - 1500/mm3; less than the lower limit of normal - 1.5 x 10e9 /L
a neutrophil count decreased AE that is less than 1500 - 1000/mm3; less than 1.5 - 1.0 x 10e9 /L
a neutrophil count decreased AE that is less than 1000 - 500/mm3; less than 1.0 - 0.5 x 10e9 /L
a neutrophil count decreased AE that is less than 500/mm3; less than 0.5 x 10e9 /L
an esophageal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an esophageal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding; hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
an esophagitis AE that is symptomatic; altered eating/swallowing; oral supplements indicated
an esophagitis AE that has severely altered eating/swallowing; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated
an oral cavity fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an oral cavity fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a papilloedema AE that has a symptomatic decline in vision; visual field defect present sparing the central 20 degrees
a papilloedema AE that has a marked visual field defect (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200)
a papilloedema AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a pericardial effusion AE that has asymptomatic effusion size small to moderate
a pericardial effusion AE that has effusion with physiologic consequences
a portal hypertension AE that has decreased portal vein flow
a portal hypertension AE that has reversal/retrograde portal vein flow; associated with varices and/or ascites
a dermatitis radiation AE that has faint erythema or dry desquamation
a dermatitis radiation AE that has moderate to brisk erythema; patchy moist desquamation, mostly confined to skin folds and creases; moderate edema
a dermatitis radiation AE that has moist desquamation in areas other than skin folds and creases; bleeding induced by minor trauma or abrasion
a dermatitis radiation AE that has life-threatening consequences; skin necrosis or ulceration of full thickness dermis; spontaneous bleeding from involved site; skin graft indicated
a rectal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a skin infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated
a skin infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a skin infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a small intestinal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a small intestinal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a small intestinal stenosis AE that is symptomatic and severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; non-emergent operative intervention indicated
a soft tissue infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a soft tissue infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a gastric hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a tracheitis AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a tracheitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE
a urine output decreased AE that has oliguria (less than 80 ml in 8 hr)
a urine output decreased AE that has anuria (less than 240 ml in 24 hr)
a vaginal infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a vaginal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a venous injury AE that is symptomatic (e.g., claudication); repair or revision not indicated
a venous injury AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living; repair or revision indicated; disabling
a venous injury AE that has life-threatening consequences; evidence of end organ damage; urgent operative intervention indicated
a weight increased AE that is 5 - less than 10% from baseline
a weight increased AE that is 10 - less than 20% from baseline
a weight increased AE that is greater than or equal to 20% from baseline
a wolff-parkinson-white syndrome AE that is symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically or controlled with procedure
Grade 3 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrom AE
a wound complication AE that has incisional separation of less than or equal to 25% of wound, no deeper than superficial fascia
a wound complication AE that has incisional separation greater than 25% of wound; local care indicated
a wound complication AE that has hernia without evidence of strangulation; fascial disruption/dehiscence; primary wound closure or revision by operative intervention indicated
a wound complication AE that has hernia with evidence of strangulation; major reconstruction flap, grafting, resection, or amputation indicated
a wound dehiscence AE that has incisional separation of less than or equal to 25% of wound, no deeper than superficial fascia
a wound dehiscence AE that has incisional separation greater than 25% of wound with local care; asymptomatic hernia or symptomatic hernia without evidence of strangulation
a wound dehiscence AE that has fascial disruption or dehiscence without evisceration; primary wound closure or revision by operative intervention indicated
a wound dehiscence AE that has life-threatening consequences; symptomatic hernia with evidence of strangulation; fascial disruption with evisceration; major reconstruction flap, grafting, resection, or amputation indicated
a multi-organ failure AE chracterized by shock with azotemia and acid-base disturbances; significant coagulation abnormalities
a multi-organ failure AE that has life-threatening consequences (e.g., vasopressor dependent and oliguric or anuric or ischemic colitis or lactic acidosis)
a restrictive cardiomyopathy AE that has symptomatic heart failure or other cardiac symptoms, responsive to intervention
a restrictive cardiomyopathy AE that has refractory heart failure or other poorly controlled cardiac symptoms
a complete atrioventricular block AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker)
Grade 3 atrioventricular block complete AE
a Mobitz type I block AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker)
a Mobitz type II block AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker)
Grade 3 Mobitz type II atrioventricular block AE
a hemoglobin level increased AE where the increase is greater than 0 - 2 gm/dL above upper limit of normal or above baseline if baseline is above upper limit of normal
a hemoglobin level increased AE where the increase is greater than 2 - 4 gm/dL above the upper limit of normal or above baseline if baseline is above upper limit of normal
a hemoglobin level increased AE where the increase is greater than 4 gm/dL above the upper limit of normal or above baseline if baseline is above upper limit of normal
a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has asymptomatic with laboratory (e.g., BNP [B-Natriuretic Peptide ]) or cardiac imaging abnormalities
a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has symptoms with mild to moderate activity or exertion
a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has severe symptoms, associated with hypoxemia, right heart failure; oxygen indicated
a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., ventricular assist device); heart transplant indicated
Grade 4 right ventricular dysfunction AE
a Intraoperative hemorrhage AE where postoperative radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
an uveitis AE that has anterior uveitis; medical intervention indicated
an uveitis AE that has posterior or pan-uveitis
an uveitis AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a retinopathy AE that is symptomatic with moderate decrease in visual acuity (20/40 or better); limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a retinopathy AE that is symptomatic with marked decrease in visual acuity (worse than 20/40); disabling; limiting self care activities of daily living
a retinopathy AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a hearing loss AE for adults enrolled on a Monitoring Program (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift of 15 - 25 dB averaged at 2 contiguous test frequencies in at least one ear. Adults not enrolled in Monitoring Program: subjective change in hearing in the absence of documented hearing loss. Pediatric (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift greater than20 dB at 8 kHz in at least one ear.
a hearing loss AE for adults enrolled in Monitoring Program (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift of greater than25 dB averaged at 2 contiguous test frequencies in at least one ear. Adults not enrolled in Monitoring Program: hearing loss but hearing aid or intervention not indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living. Pediatric (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift greater than20 dB at 4 kHz and above in at least one ear.
a hearing loss AE for adults enrolled in Monitoring Program (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift of greater than25 dB averaged at 3 contiguous test frequencies in at least one ear; therapeutic intervention indicated. Adults not enrolled in Monitoring Program: hearing loss with hearing aid or intervention indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living. Pediatric (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): hearing loss sufficient to indicate therapeutic intervention, including hearing aids; threshold shift greater than20 dB at 3 kHz and above in at least one ear; additional speech-language related services indicated.
a hearing loss AE for adults: Decrease in hearing to profound bilateral loss (absolute threshold greater than80 dB HL at 2 kHz and above); non-servicable hearing. Pediatric: Audiologic indication for cochlear implant and additional speech-language related services indicated.
a international normalized ratio increased AE that is greater than 1 - 1.5 times the upper limit of normal; greater than 1 - 1.5 times above baseline if on anticoagulation
Grade 1 international normalized ratio increased AE
a international normalized ratio increased AE that is greater than 1.5 - 2.5 times the upper limit of normal; greater than 1.5 - 2.5 times above baseline if on anticoagulation
Grade 2 international normalized ratio increased AE
a international normalized ratio increased AE that is greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal; greater than 2.5 times above baseline if on anticoagulation
Grade 3 international normalized ratio increased AE
a fecal incontinence AE that has occasional use of pads required
a fecal incontinence AE that has daily use of pads required
a fecal incontinence AE that has severe symptoms; elective operative intervention indicated
a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE that has evidence of RBC destruction (schistocytosis) without clinical consequences
Grade 1 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE
a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE charaterized by laboratory findings with clinical consequences (e.g., renal insufficiency, petechiae)
Grade 3 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE
a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE that has life-threatening consequences, (e.g., CNS hemorrhage or thrombosis/embolism or renal failure)
Grade 4 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE
a glaucoma AE that has elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP) with single topical agent for intervention; no visual field deficit
a glaucoma AE that has elevated intraocular pressure causing early visual field deficits; multiple topical or oral agents indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a glaucoma AE that has elevated intraocular pressure causing marked visual field deficits (e.g., involving both superior and inferior visual fields); operative intervention indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living
a glaucoma AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
an anaphylaxis AE that has symptomatic bronchospasm, with or without urticaria; parenteral intervention indicated; allergy-related edema/angioedema; hypotension
a retinal detachment AE that has exudative and visual acuity 20/40 or better
a retinal detachment AE that has rhegmatogenous or exudative detachment; operative intervention indicated; decline in vision (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200)
a retinal detachment AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a hemolysis AE that has laboratory evidence of hemolysis only (e.g., direct antiglobulin test; DAT; Coombs'; schistocytes; decreased haptoglobin)
a hemolysis AE that has evidence of hemolysis and greater than or equal to 2 gm decrease in hemoglobin.
a hemolysis AE where transfusion or medical intervention is indicated (e.g., steroids)
an anal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an anal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
an atrial tachycardia AE where IV medication is indicated
an atrial tachycardia AE that has life-threatening consequences; incompletely controlled medically; cardioversion indicated
a cholecystitis AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
an autoimmune disorder AE that is asymptomatic; serologic or other evidence of autoimmune reaction, with normal organ function; intervention not indicated
an autoimmune disorder AE that has evidence of autoimmune reaction involving a non-essential organ or function (e.g., hypothyroidism)
an autoimmune disorder AE that has autoimmune reactions involving major organ (e.g., colitis, anemia, myocarditis, kidney)
a spleen disorder AE that has incidental findings (e.g., Howell-Jolly bodies); mild degree of thrombocytosis and leukocytosis
a spleen disorder AE when prophylactic antibiotics are indicated
a burn AE that requires medical intervention; minimal debridement indicated
a burn AE that requires moderate to major debridement or reconstruction indicated
a papulopustular rash AE that has papules and/or pustules covering less than 10% body surface area which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness
a papulopustular rash AE that has papules and/or pustules covering 10-30% body surface area, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness; associated with psychosocial impact; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a papulopustular rash AE that has papules and/or pustules covering greater than 30% body surface area, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness; limiting self-care activities of daily living; associated with local superinfection with oral antibiotics indicated
a papulopustular rash AE that has papules and/or pustules covering any % body surface area, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness and are associated with extensive superinfection with IV antibiotics indicated; life-threatening consequences
an acute coronary syndrome AE that has symptomatic, progressive angina; cardiac enzymes normal; hemodynamically stable
an acute coronary syndrome AE that has symptomatic, unstable angina and/or acute myocardial infarction, cardiac enzymes abnormal, hemodynamically stable
an acute coronary syndrome AE that has symptomatic, unstable angina and/or acute myocardial infarction, cardiac enzymes abnormal, hemodynamically unstable
an aortic valve disease AE that has asymptomatic valvular thickening with or without mild valvular regurgitation or stenosis by imaging
an aortic valve disease AE that has symptomatic; moderate regurgitation or stenosis by imaging
an aortic valve disease AE that has symptomatic; severe regurgitation or stenosis by imaging; symptoms controlled with medical intervention
an aortic valve disease AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., valve replacement, valvuloplasty)
an asystole AE that has periods of asystole; non-urgent medical management indicated
a constrictive pericarditis AE that has symptomatic heart failure or other cardiac symptoms, responsive to intervention
a constrictive pericarditis AE that has refractory heart failure or other poorly controlled cardiac symptoms
a mitral valve disease AE that has asymptomatic valvular thickening with or without mild valvular regurgitation or stenosis by imaging
a mitral valve disease AE that has asymptomatic; moderate regurgitation or stenosis by imaging
a mitral valve disease AE that has symptomatic; severe regurgitation or stenosis by imaging; symptoms controlled with medical intervention
a mitral valve disease AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., valve replacement, valvuloplasty)
a pulmonary valve disease AE that has asymptomatic valvular thickening with or without mild valvular regurgitation or stenosis by imaging
a pulmonary valve disease AE that has asymptomatic; moderate regurgitation or stenosis by imaging
a pulmonary valve disease AE that has symptomatic; severe regurgitation or stenosis by imaging; symptoms controlled with medical intervention
a pulmonary valve disease AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., valve replacement, valvuloplasty)
a tricuspid valve disease AE that has asymptomatic valvular thickening with or without mild valvular regurgitation or stenosis
a tricuspid valve disease AE that is asymptomatic; moderate regurgitation or stenosis by imaging
a tricuspid valve disease AE that is symptomatic; severe regurgitation or stenosis; symptoms controlled with medical intervention
a tricuspid valve disease AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., valve replacement, valvuloplasty)
an external ear inflammation AE that has external otitis with erythema or dry desquamation
an external ear inflammation AE that has external otitis with moist desquamation, edema, enhanced cerumen or discharge; tympanic membrane perforation; tympanostomy
an external ear inflammation AE that has external otitis with mastoiditis; stenosis or osteomyelitis; necrosis of soft tissue or bone
an external ear inflammation AE where urgent operative intervention indicated
a middle ear inflammation AE that has serous otitis
a middle ear inflammation AE that has serous otitis, medical intervention indicated
a middle ear inflammation AE that has mastoiditis; necrosis of canal soft tissue or bone
a delayed puberty AE that has no breast development by age 13 yrs for females; testes volume of <3 cc or no Tanner Stage 2 development by age 14.5 yrs for males
a delayed puberty AE that has no breast development by age 14 yrs for females; no increase in testes volume or no Tanner Stage 2 by age 16 yrs for males; hormone replacement indicated
a growth accelerated AE that has greater than or equal to +2 SD (standard deviation) above mid parental height or target height
a precocious puberty AE that has physical signs of puberty with no biochemical markers for females younger than 8 years and males younger than 9 years
a precocious puberty AE that has physical signs and biochemical markers of puberty for females younger than 8 years and males younger than 9 years
a corneal ulcer AE that has limiting self care activities of daily living declining vision (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200)
a corneal ulcer AE that has perforation or blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a dry eye AE that is asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observations only; mild symptoms relieved by lubricants
a dry eye AE that has a decrease in visual acuity (<20/40); limiting self care activities of daily living
a keratitis AE that has a decline in vision (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200); limiting self care activities of daily living
a keratitis AE that has perforation or blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a night blindness AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
an optic nerve disorder AE that has limiting vision of the affected eye (20/40 or better)
an optic nerve disorder AE that has limiting vision in the affected eye (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200)
an optic nerve disorder AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a retinal tear AE where laser therapy or pneumopexy indicated
a retinal tear AE where vitroretinal surgical repair indicated
a retinal tear AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a retinal vascular disorder AE where topical medication indicated
a retinal vascular disorder AE where intravitreal medication; operative intervention indicated
a scleral disorder AE that is symptomatic, limiting instrumental activities of daily living; moderate decrease in visual acuity (20/40 or better)
a scleral disorder AE that is symptomatic, limiting self care activities of daily living; marked decrease in visual acuity (worse than 20/40)
a scleral disorder AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
a vitreous hemorrhage AE that has limiting self care activities of daily living; vitrectomy indicated
a vitreous hemorrhage AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye
an anal necrosis AE where TPN or hospitalization indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
an anal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an anal stenosis AE that is symptomatic and severely altered GI function; non-emergent operative intervention indicated; TPN or hospitalization indicated
a bloating AE that has no change in bowel function or oral intake
a bloating AE that is symptomatic, decreased oral intake; change in bowel function
a cecal hemorrhage AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention or minor cauterization indicated
a cecal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a colonic fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a colonic fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; bowel rest, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a colonic hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a colonic obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a colonic ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a colonic ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling
a duodenal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a duodenal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a duodenal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a duodenal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a duodenal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a duodenal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding; hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
an esophageal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an esophageal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
an esophageal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
an esophageal necrosis AE that has inability to aliment adequately by GI tract; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
an esophageal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
an esophageal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
an esophageal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling
an esophageal varices hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 esophageal varices hemorrhage AE
a gastric fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a gastric fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; bowel rest; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a gastric necrosis AE that has inability to aliment adequately by GI tract; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a gastric stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a gastric stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding; hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a gastrointestinal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a gastrointestinal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated
a gastroparesis AE that has mild nausea, early satiety and bloating, able to maintain caloric intake on regular diet
a gastroparesis AE that has moderate symptoms; able to maintain nutrition with dietary and lifestyle modifications; may need pharmacologic intervention
a gastroparesis AE that has weight loss; refractory to medical intervention; unable to maintain nutrition orally
an ileal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an ileal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
an ileal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
an ileal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
an ileal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an ileal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
an ileal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
an ileal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling
an intra-abdominal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a jejunal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a jejunal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
ajejunal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a jejunal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a jejunal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a jejunal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a jejunal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a jejunal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling
a lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE
a malabsorption AE where altered diet; oral intervention indicated
a malabsorption AE that has inability to aliment adequately; TPN indicated
an obstruction gastric AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
an oral hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a pancreatic duct stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a pancreatic duct stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a pancreatic fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a pancreatic fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a pancreatic hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a pancreatic necrosis AE where tube feeding or TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a peritoneal necrosis AE where tube feeding or TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a proctitis AE that has rectal discomfort, intervention not indicated
a proctitis AE that has symptoms (e.g., rectal discomfort, passing blood or mucus); medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a proctitis AE that has severe symptoms; fecal urgency or stool incontinence; limiting self care activities of daily living
a rectal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a rectal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a rectal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a rectal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function
a rectal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a rectal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function (e.g. altered dietary habits, vomiting, diarrhea)
a rectal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling
a retroperitoneal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, medical, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated
a salivary gland fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; tube feeding indicated
a salivary gland fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a tooth discoloration AE that has surface stains
an edema limbs AE that has 5 - 10% inter-limb discrepancy in volume or circumference at point of greatest visible difference; swelling or obscuration of anatomic architecture on close inspection
an edema limbs AE that has more than 10 to 30% inter-limb discrepancy in volume or circumference at point of greatest visible difference; readily apparent obscuration of anatomic architecture; obliteration of skin folds; readily apparent deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
an edema limbs AE that has more than 30% inter-limb discrepancy in volume; gross deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting self care activities of daily living
an edema trunk AE that has swelling or obscuration of anatomic architecture on close inspection
an edema trunk AE that has readily apparent obscuration of anatomic architecture; obliteration of skin folds; readily apparent deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
an edema trunk AE that has gross deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting self care activities of daily living
A neck edema AE that has moderate neck edema; slight obliteration of anatomic landmarks; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a neck edema AE that has generalized neck edema (e.g., difficulty in turning neck); limiting self care activities of daily living
a bile duct stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; IV fluids indicated <24 hrs
a bile duct stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a biliary fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; endoscopic intervention indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
a gallbladder fistula AE that is symptomatic or severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a gallbladder obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; IV fluids indicated <24 hrs
a gallbladder obstruction AE that is symptomatic and severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; non-emergent operative intervention indicated
a hepatic hemorrhage AE where transfusion indicated
a perforation bile duct AE where radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
an abdominal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an anorectal infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated
an anorectal infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
an anorectal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
an appendicitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an arteritis infective AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a biliary tract infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a bladder infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a bladder infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a bone infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a bronchial infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a bronchial infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a cecal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a cervicitis infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a cervicitis infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a conjunctivitis infective AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a conjunctivitis infective AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a corneal infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a corneal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a cranial nerve infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a duodenal infection AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention indicated (e.g., oral antibiotics)
a duodenal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an encephalitis infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; severe changes in mental status; self-limited seizure activity; focal neurologic abnormalities
an encephalomyelitis infection AE when IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an endocarditis infective AE when IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an endophthalmitis AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse)
an enterocolitis infectious AE that has the passage of more than 3 unformed stools per 24 hrs or duration of illness longer than 48 hrs; moderate abdominal pain
an enterocolitis infectious AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated; profuse watery diarrhea with signs of hypovolemia; bloody diarrhea; fever; severe abdominal pain; hospitalization indicated
an esophageal infection AE where local intervention indicated (e.g., oral antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
an esophageal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an eye infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
an eye infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an eye infection AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated; enucleation
a gallbladder infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a gum infection AE where local therapy indicated (swish and swallow)
a gum infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a gum infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a hepatic infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a infective myositis AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a infective myositis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a joint infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral); needle aspiration indicated (single or multiple)
a joint infection AE where arthroscopic intervention indicated (e.g., drainage) or arthrotomy (e.g., open surgical drainage)
a kidney infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a lip infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated
a lip infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a lip infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a lymph gland infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a lymph gland infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a mediastinal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a mucosal infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated
a mucosal infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a mucosal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a nail infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated
a nail infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a nail infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an otitis externa AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
an otitis externa AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an ovarian infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
an ovarian infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a pancreas infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a paronychia AE that has nail fold edema or erythema; disruption of the cuticle
a paronychia AE where localized intervention indicated; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral); nail fold edema or erythema with pain; associated with discharge or nail plate separation; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a paronychia AE where surgical intervention or IV antibiotics indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living
a pelvic infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a pelvic infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a penile infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a penile infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a periorbital infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a periorbital infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a peripheral nerve infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a peripheral nerve infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a peritoneal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a phlebitis infective AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a phlebitis infective AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a pleural infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a pleural infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a prostate infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a prostate infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a rhinitis infective AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a salivary gland infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a salivary gland infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a scrotal infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a scrotal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a small intestine infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a small intestine infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a splenic infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a stoma site infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated
a stoma site infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a stoma site infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a tooth infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a tooth infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an upper respiratory infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
an upper respiratory infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a urethral infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a urethral infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a uterine infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a uterine infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a vulval infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated
A vulval infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral)
a vulval infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a wound infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral)
a wound infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated
an ankle fracture AE that is mild; non-surgical intervention indicated
an ankle fracture AE that is limiting instrumental activities of daily living; operative intervention indicated
an ankle fracture AE that is limiting self care activities of daily living; elective surgery indicated
an aortic injury AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling; repair or revision indicated
an aortic injury AE that has life-threatening consequences; evidence of end organ damage; urgent operative intervention indicated
an arterial injury AE that is symptomatic (e.g., claudication); repair or revision not indicated
an arterial injury AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling; repair or revision indicated
an arterial injury AE that has life-threatening consequences; evidence of end organ damage; urgent operative intervention indicated
a biliary anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a bladder anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
an esophageal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a fallopian tube anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 fallopian tube anastomotic leak AE
a fallopian tube perforation AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated (e.g., organ resection)
a gastric anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a gastrointestinal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 gastrointestinal anastomotic leak
a gastrointestinal stoma necrosis AE that is a superficial necrosis; intervention not indicated
a hip fracture AE that has a hairline fracture; mild pain; limiting instrumental activities of daily living; non-surgical intervention indicated
a hip fracture AE that has severe pain; hospitalization or intervention indicated for pain control (e.g., traction); operative intervention indicated
a hip fracture AE that has life-threatening consequences; symptoms associated with neurovascular compromise
an injury to carotid artery AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living (e.g., transient cerebral ischemia); repair or revision indicated
an injury to jugular vein AE that is symptomatic limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling; repair or revision indicated
an injury to superior vena cava AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling; repair or revision indicated
a injury to superior vena cava AE that has life-threatening consequences; evidence of end organ damage; urgent operative intervention indicated
an intestinal stoma leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
an intestinal stoma leak AE that has severe symptoms; IV fluids, tube feeding, or TPN indicated greater than or equal to 24 hrs; elective operative intervention indicated
an intestinal stoma site bleeding AE that has minimal bleeding identified on clinical exam; intervention not indicated
Grade 1 intestinal stoma site bleeding AE
an intestinal stoma site bleeding AE that has severe bleeding; transfusion indicated; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated
Grade 3 intestinal stoma site bleeding AE
an intraoperative arterial injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative arterial injury AE
an intraoperative arterial injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative arterial injury AE
an intraoperative arterial injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative arterial injury AE
an intraoperative breast injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative breast injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative breast injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
an intraoperative cardiac injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 3 intraoperative cardiac injury AE
an intraoperative ear injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative ear injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative ear injury AE where complete resection of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling (e.g., impaired hearing; impaired balance)
an intraoperative endocrine injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative endocrine injury AE
an intraoperative endocrine injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative endocrine injury AE
an intraoperative endocrine injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative endocrine injury AE
an intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE
an intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE
an intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE
a lintraoperative head and neck injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 lintraoperative head and neck injury AE
a lintraoperative head and neck injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 lintraoperative head and neck injury AE
a lintraoperative head and neck injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 lintraoperative head and neck injury AE
an intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE
an intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE
an intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE
an intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE
an intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE
an intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE
an intraoperative neurological injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative neurological injury AE
an intraoperative neurological injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative neurological injury AE
an intraoperative neurological injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative neurological injury AE
an intraoperative ocular injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative ocular injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative ocular injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
an intraoperative renal injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative renal injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative renal injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
an intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE
an intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE
an intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE
an intraoperative respiratory injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative respiratory injury AE
an intraoperative respiratory injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative respiratory injury AE
an intraoperative respiratory injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative respiratory injury AE
an intraoperative skin injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative skin injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative skin injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
an intraoperative splenic injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative splenic injury AE
an intraoperative splenic injury AE where resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative splenic injury AE
an intraoperative urinary injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 1 intraoperative urinary injury AE
an intraoperative urinary injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
Grade 2 intraoperative urinary injury AE
an intraoperative urinary injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
Grade 3 intraoperative urinary injury AE
an intraoperative venous injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative venous injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated
an intraoperative venous injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling
a kidney anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a large intestinal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 large intestinal anastomotic leak AE
a pancreatic anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a pharyngeal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a postoperative hemorrhage AE that has moderate bleeding; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a postoperative hemorrhage AE where transfusion indicated of greather than or equal to 2 units (10 cc/kg for pediatrics) pRBCs beyond protocol specification; urgent radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated
a postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE when the patient is extubated within 24 - 72 hrs postoperatively
Grade 2 postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE
a postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE when the patient is extubated more than 72 hrs postoperatively, but before tracheostomy indicated
Grade 3 postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE
a postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a prolapse of intestinal stoma AE that is asymptomatic; reducible
a prolapse of intestinal stoma AE that is recurrent after manual reduction; local irritation or stool leakage; difficulty to fit appliance; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a prolapse of urostomy AE treated with local care or maintenance; minor revision indicated
a prolapse of urostomy AE that has dysfunctional stoma; elective operative intervention or major stomal revision indicated
a radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE that has faint erythema or dry desquamation
Grade 1 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE
a radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE that has moderate to brisk erythema; patchy moist desquamation, mostly confined to skin folds and creases; moderate edema
Grade 2 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE
a radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE that has moist desquamation in areas other than skin folds and creases; bleeding induced by minor trauma or abrasion
Grade 3 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE
a radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE that has life-threatening consequences; skin necrosis or ulceration of full thickness dermis; spontaneous bleeding from involved site; skin graft indicated
Grade 4 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE
a rectal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a seroma AE that is symptomatic; simple aspiration indicated
a seroma AE that is symptomatic, elective radiologic or operative intervention indicated
a small intestinal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 small intestinal anastomotic leak AE
a spermatic cord anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 spermatic cord anastomotic leak AE
a spinal fracture AE that has mild back pain; nonprescription analgesics indicated
a spinal fracture AE that has moderate back pain; prescription analgesics indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a spinal fracture AE that has severe back pain; hospitalization or intervention indicated for pain control (e.g., vertebroplasty); limiting self care activities of daily living; disability
a spinal fracture AE that has life-threatening consequences; symptoms associated with neurovascular compromise
a stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE that is symptomatic; IV fluids indicated <24 hrs; manual dilation at bedside
Grade 2 stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE
a stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE
a tracheal hemorrhage AE that has severe bleeding; transfusion indicated; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated
a tracheal obstruction AE that has partial asymptomatic obstruction on examination (e.g., visual, radiologic or endoscopic)
a tracheal obstruction AE that is symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), no respiratory distress; medical intervention indicated (e.g., steroids); limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a tracheal obstruction AE that has stridor; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser); limiting self care activities of daily living
a tracheal obstruction AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation)
a tracheostomy site bleeding AE that has severe bleeding; transfusion indicated; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated
an ureteric anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
an urethral anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a urostomy leak AESevere symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a urostomy obstruction AE that is symptomatic; dilation or endoscopic repair or stent placement indicated
a urostomy site bleeding AE that has severe bleeding; transfusion indicated; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated
a urostomy stenosis AE that is symptomatic but no hydronephrosis, no sepsis or no renal dysfunction; dilation or endoscopic repair or stent placement indicated
a urostomy stenosis AE that is symptomatic (e.g., hydronephrosis, or renal dysfunction); elective operative intervention indicated
a uterine anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a vaginal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
a vas deferens anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated
Grade 3 vas deferens anastomotic leak AE
a vascular access complication AE that has device dislodgement, blockage, leak, or malposition; device replacement indicated
A vascular access complication AE that has deep vein or cardiac thrombosis; intervention indicated (e.g., anticoagulation, lysis, filter, invasive procedure)
a vascular access complication AE that has embolic event including pulmonary embolism or life-threatening thrombus
a blood antidiuretic hormone abnormal AE where hospitalization indicated
Grade 3 blood antidiuretic hormone abnormal AE
a blood corticotrophin decreased AE where hospitalization indicated
Grade 3 blood corticotrophin decreased AE
a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE that is 3 - 5 units below lower limit of normal; for follow-up, a decrease of 3 - 5 units (ml/min/mm Hg) below the baseline value
Grade 1 carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE
a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE that is 6 - 8 units below lower limit of normal; for follow-up, an asymptomatic decrease of greater than 5 - 8 units (ml/min/mm Hg) below the baseline value
Grade 2 carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE
a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE that is an asymptomatic decrease of greater than 8 units drop; greater than 5 units drop along with the presence of pulmonary symptoms (e.g. , greater than Grade 2 hypoxia or greater than Grade 2 or higher dyspnea)
Grade 3 carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE
a cardiac troponin I increased AE that has levels above the upper limit of normal and below the level of myocardial infarction as defined by the manufacturer
a cardiac troponin I increased AE that has levels consistent with myocardial infarction as defined by the manufacturer
a cardiac troponin T increased AE that has levels above the upper limit of normal and below the level of myocardial infarction as defined by the manufacturer
a cardiac troponin T increased AE that has levels consistent with myocardial infarction as defined by the manufacturer
a CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal to 500/mm3 or 0.5 x 10e9 /L
a CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE that is less than 500 - 200/mm3; less than 0.5 - 0.2 x 10e9 /L
a CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE that is less than 200 - 50/mm3; less than 0.2 x 0.05 - 10e9 /L
a CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE that is less than 50/mm3; less than 0.05 x 10e9 /L
a CPK increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 2.5 times the upper limit of normal
a CPK increased AE that is greater than 2.5 -5 times the upper limit of normal
a CPK increased AE that is greater than 5 to 10 times the upper limit of normal
a CPK increased AE that is greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal
a fibrinogen decreased AE that is less than 1.0 - 0.75 times the lower limit of normal or less than 25% decrease from baseline
a fibrinogen decreased AE that is less than 0.75 - 0.5 times the lower limit of normal or 25 - less than 50% decrease from baseline
a fibrinogen decreased AE that is less than 0.5 - 0.25 times the lower limit of normal or 50 - less than 75% decrease from baseline
a fibrinogen decreased AE that is less than 0.25 times the lower limit of normal or 75% decrease from baseline or absolute value less than 50 mg/dL
a haptoglobin decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal
a pancreatic enzymes decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal and asymptomatic
a pancreatic enzymes decreased AE that has an increase in stool frequency, bulk, or odor; steatorrhea
a pancreatic enzymes decreased AE that has sequelae of absorption deficiency
a vital capacity abnormal AE that has 90 - 75% of predicted value
a vital capacity abnormal AE that is less than 75 - 50% of predicted value; limiting instrumental activities of daily living
a vital capacity abnormal AE that is less than 50% of predicted value; limiting self care activities of daily living
a seizure AE that occurs in a pregnant women that follows a preeclampsia. Such a seizure is not related to an existing brain condition.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclampsia
WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000899.htm
eclampsia AE
a gastric disorder AE that shows the body under stress, causing acute erosion, bleeding and ulcers, stomach or duodenal mucosa damage collectively. The main clinical manifestations include upper gastrointestinal bleeding and a small perforation.
WEB: http://medmantic.com/wiki/Acute_Gastric_Mucosal_Lesion
acute gastric mucosal lesion AE
a bowel sounds abnormal AE that shows an increased amount of bowel sounds.
WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003137.htm
bowel sounds increased AE
a bowel sounds abnormal AE that shows a decreased amount of bowel sounds.
bowel sounds decreased AE
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows an abnormal amount of bowel sounds.
bowel sounds abnormal AE
a bowel sounds abnormal AE that shows an cesssation of any bowel sounds.
cessation of bowel sounds AE
a migraine AE which shows a migraine preceded or accompanied by sensory warning signs or symptoms, such as flashes of light, blind spots, or tingling in your hand or face.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/basics/definition/con-20030404
migraine with aura AE
a hearing disorder AE with an abnormally disproportionate increase in the sensation of loudness in response to auditory stimuli of normal volume
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperacusis
hyperacusia AE
a back pain AE that occurs at the low back
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_back_pain
lumbago AE
a paralysis AE which occurs in a single limb, usually an arm
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoplegia
monoplegia AE
a behavior and neurological AE which results in abnormal, disturbed or impaired functioning of a muscle, nerve, or center that affects or produces movement
WEB: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/reference-entries/23076155/motor-dysfunction
motor dysfunction AE
a discomfort AE that occurs at the musculoskeletal level and results in musculoskeletal pain that affects the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves
WEB: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_musculoskeletal_pain
musculoskeletal discomfort AE
a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE which results in a disease or abnormal condition of the musculoskeletal system
musculoskeletal disorder AE
a urinary system AE which shows reduced excretion of urine
WEB: http://c.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/oliguria
oliguria AE
a hypotension AE that happens during a medical procedure
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-20032298
procedural hypotension AE
a digestive system AE that occurs at esophagus
esophagus AE
a digestive system AE that occurs at anus
anus AE
a digestive system AE that occurs at duodenum
duodenum AE
URL http://howshealth.com/kidney-pain-location-causes-symptoms-treatment/#percussion
a renal pain AE that shows the pain in the kidney area identified by a percussion procedure.
kidney area percussion pain AE
a medical procedure by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/annual-physical-examinations
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_examination
physical examination
a physical test by which a surface is tapped to determine the underlying structure, and is used in clinical examinations to assess the condition of the thorax or abdomen.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_(medicine)
percussion procedure
a urine analysis result abnomal AE that shows cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cylindruria
cylindruria AE
a hepatitis AE that resutls in a hepatitis A viral infection.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A
hepatitis A AE
a connective tissue disorder AE that shows an inflammation of the fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles, blood vessels, and nerves.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciitis
fasciitis AE
A tendon disorder AE that led to the formation of fibrous tissue in the tendon area
WEB: http://study.com/academy/lesson/fibrous-connective-tissue-function-types.html
fibrosis tendinous AE
a fasciitis AE that shows an inflammation of the muscle fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles.
myofascitis AE
an eye disorder AE that causes visual disturbance and interfere with normal sight.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/visual-disturbance
visual disturbance AE
a cognitive disturbance AE that has mild cognitive disability; not interfering with work/school/life performance; specialized educational services/devices not indicated
Grade 1 cognitive disturbance AE
a cognitive disturbance AE that has moderate cognitive disability; interfering with work/school/life performance but capable of independent living; specialized resources on part time basis indicated
Grade 2 cognitive disturbance AE
a cognitive disturbance AE that has severe cognitive disability; significant impairment of work/school/life performance
Grade 3 cognitive disturbance AE
an abortion AE that results in a retention of dead products of conception in utero for more than 8 weeks.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/missed+abortion
abortion missed AE
an edema AE that has an outcome of swelling in the eye.
eye edema AE
Oral discomfort AE is a discomfort AE that shows an uncomfortable feeling in the oral.
oral discomfort AE
a female reproductive system AE that has an outcome of the presence of a fluid-filled sac within a patient's ovary.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_cyst
ovarian cyst AE
a female reproductive system AE that occurs in the placental area.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_disease
placental disorder AE
an inflammation AE that occurs at the central nervous system.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system_disease
central nervous system inflammation AE
a nervous system AE that has outcome of lesion in the area of central nervous system.
WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/brain_lesions_lesions_on_the_brain/article_em.htm
central nervous system lesion AE
a behavioral and neurological AE is characterized by motor coordination problems with daily activities.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/clumsiness
clumsiness AE
a behavioral and neurological AE is a deficiency in the ability to write, primarily handwriting, but also coherence.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgraphia
dysgraphia AE
a sensory neuropathy AE than is the medical term for a sensation that exactly resembles that of small insects crawling on (or under) the skin.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formication
formication AE
a paresis AE that shows muscle weakness of the entire left or right side of the body.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiparesis
hemiparesis AE
an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that results in an increased level of an immunoglobulin.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/immunoglobulins
immunoglobulin increased AE
a urinary system AE that shows abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.
WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0042035/pt
micturition disorder AE
a muscle twitch AE that has an outcome of contractions involuntary of muscle.
muscle contractions involuntary AE
a nervous system AE that describes any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelopathy
myelopathy AE
a optic neuritis AE that has outcome of optic neuritis in retrobulbar.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuritis
optic neuritis retrobulbar AE
a eye AE that is an area of partial alteration in the field of vision consisting of a partially diminished or entirely degenerated visual acuity that is surrounded by a field of normal – or relatively well-preserved – vision.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotoma
scotoma AE
A thyroiditis AE where the body interprets the thyroid glands and its hormone products T3, T4 and TSH as threats, therefore producing special antibodies that target the thyroid’s cells, thereby destroying it.
autoimmune thyroiditis AE
a colitis AE that is a disease that causes inflammation and sores (ulcers) in the lining of the large intestine.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/ulcerative-colitis-topic-overview
colitis ulcerative AE
an abnormal stool AE that shows pale or clay-colored stool.
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/pale-stools
feces pale AE
a tumor AE that is a group of blood cell tumors that develop from lymphatic cells.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoma
lymphoma AE
a paresis AE that affects a single limb, usually an arm.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoplegia
monoparesis AE
a eye AE that refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoparesis
ophthalmoplegia AE
a eye AE that has outcome of slight differences in pupil size.
WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003314.htm
pupils unequal AE
quadriplegia AE is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraplegia
quadriplegia AE
a CSF white blood cell count increased AE with more than the normal number of lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
pleocytosis AE
a behavior and neurological AE that shows an decreased preformance
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_status
performance status decreased AE
a skin AS that shows a mass at the skin.
skin mass AE
an abnormal stool AE that shows an abnomal color in the feces.
WEB: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/stool-colors-and-what-they-mean.html
feces discolored AE
an investigation result abnormal AE that shows an abnormal ultrasound scan result.
WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ultrasound-scan/Pages/Introduction.aspx
ultrasound scan abnormal AE
an injection site AE that shows some substance release from an injection site.
injection site discharge AE
a tumor AE that has an outcome of the presense of a mass that arises from the axillary.
WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/axillary_mass.htm
axillary mass AE
a behavioral and neurological AE that involves a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychomotor_retardation
psychomotor retardation AE
an abscess AE that occurs at an injection-site. Note that an abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within a tissue of the body.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscess
injection site abscess AE
an ulcer AE that occurs at an injection-site.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer
injection site ulcer AE
a viral infection AE that is caused by a disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin bacterial infection.
disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection AE
a paresis AE that shows a muscular weakness affecting all four extremities.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=91062
tetraparesis AE
a menstrual disorder AE that shows an extremely light menstrual blood flow
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypomenorrhea
hypomenorrhea AE
a menstrual disorder AE that shows a menstrual period with abnormally heavy flow and falls under the larger category of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menorrhagia
menorrhagia AE
a male reproductive system AE in which spermatozoa in seminal fluid are dead or motionless
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrospermia
necrospermia AE
a reproductive system AE that results in diminished ability to produce live offspring
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infertility
subfertility AE
a reproductive system AE that results in an inability to conceive for at least one year after trying and having unprotected sex.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/basics/definition/con-20034770
infertility AE
an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by a lower than normal level of estrogen, the primary sex hormone in women
WEB: http://www.md-health.com/Low-Estrogen.html
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoestrogenism
low estrogen level AE
a hemorrhage AE that occurs at the uterus, but it is not related to menstruation. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional endometrium.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257007-overview
dysfunctional uterine bleeding AE
a testicular disorder AE that has a loss of testicular volume
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_atrophy
testicular atrophy AE
an aplastic anemia AE that results in the suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production.
WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/205695-overview
pure red cell aplasia AE
a paralysis AE that shows an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraplegia
paraplegia AE
a cutaneous vasculitis AE that results in inflammation of small blood vessels, characterized clinically by palpable purpura, which is a slightly elevated purpuric rash over one or more areas of the kin.
WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000874.htm
allergic cutaneous vasculitis AE
a skin hyperpigmentation AE that shows the occurrence of pigmented patches on the tongue and buccal mucousmembranes.
WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=53725
melanoplakia AE
an erythema AE that showns an erythematous eruption characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. Such a symptom is commonly associated with drug reactions or infection.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_nodosum
erythema nodosum AE
a muscle spasm AE that occurs when the contraction of a spasm is sustained or continuing. Such a spasm is generally severe because is is often caused by diseases that affect the central nervous system or brain, such as tetanus, rabies, and cerebral palsy.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tonic+spasm
tonic spasm AE
a menstrual disorder AE that results in frequent menses amd the menstrual cycles lasting less than 21 days.
polymenorrhea AE
a menstrual disorder AE that shows an outcome of a shortened time of menstrual period
WEB: http://www.everydayhealth.com/pms/short-periods.aspx
shortened menstrual period AE
a menstrual disorder AE that shows an outcome of a prolonged duration of menstrual period
WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/menstrual-irregularity
prolonged menstrual period AE
musculoskeletal stiffness AE that occurs at the neck and is typically characterized by soreness and difficulty moving the neck, especially when trying to turn the head to the side.
WEB: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/stiff-neck-causes-symptoms-and-treatment
neck stiffness AE
a female reproductive system AE that occurs at the ovaries where ovaries do not produce estrogen despite high levels of circulating gonadotropins in women under 40.
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ovarian-failure/basics/definition/con-20028351
WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/prematureovarianfailure.html
premature ovarian failure AE
a skin adverse event that has an outcome of a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis, a lesion that is moist, circumscribed, and usually depressed.
skin erosion AE
a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of an arrest of the formation of blood cellular components.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis
arrest of hematopoiesis AE
an arrest of hematopoiesis AE that occurs quickly
acute arrest of hematopoiesis AE
scrotum ulcer AE
a skin adverse event that inherited chronic noninflammatory skin disease manifested by vesicles, large bullae (blisters), and skin erosions which often result from trauma.
epidermolysis bullosa type eruption AE
WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermolysis-bullosa/basics/definition/con-20032497
a female reproductive system AE that occurs in the uterus
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus
uterine AE
a reproduction system inflammation AE that occurs in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometritis
endometritis AE
an inflammation AE which occurs in the female reproduction system
female reproduction system inflammation AE
a reproduction system inflammation AE that occurs in the placenta.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta
placentitis AE
a female reproductive system AE that occurs when the baby does not exit the pelvis during childbirth due to being physically blocked, even though the uterus is contracting normally.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructed_labour
dystocia AE
a pneumonia AE that is caused by a mycotic infection
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_pneumonia
mycotic pneumonia AE
an inflammation AE that refers to inflammation of the serous tissues of the body, the tissues lining the lungs (pleura), heart (pericardium), and the inner lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) and organs within.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serositis
serositis AE
a female reproduction system inflammation AE that occurs in the wall of the uterus.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metritis
metritis AE
an abscess AE where the abscess is filled with pus.
Note: based on the website: https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-purulent-abscess, it appears that the words purulent abscess are actually redundant. Purulent means pus. Abscess is a space or pocket in the body filled with pus.
purulent abscess AE
a clostridial infection AE that results in muscle spasms.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus
tetanus AE
a abscess AE that shows a collection of pus found near the rectum.
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/anal-abscess
rectal abscess AE
a brucellosis AE that shows an acute disease stage.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis
acute brucellosis AE
a lymphadenopathy AE where the lymphadenopathy occurs in the supraclavicular lymph nodes.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphadenopathy
supraclavicular lymphadenopathy AE
a pain AE that shows a person with generalized aches and pains in multiple areas of the body.
WEB: http://www.everydayhealth.com/symptom-checker/body-aches
body ache AE
an inflammation AE that occurs in the kidney tissue, calyces, and renal pelvis.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyelonephritis
pyelonephritis AE
a bacterial infection AE that is caused by the infection with Brucella, a Gram-negative bacterium. The infected animals can be human or a variety of mammal animals.
brucellosis AE
an infection AE that is caused by a parasite.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_disease
parasitic infection AE
a parasitic infection AE that is caused by a heminth, i.e., a parasitic worm, in the location of intestine.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helminthiasis
intestinal helminthiasis AE
a liver AE that has an outcome of the diffusion or accumulation of substances in the liver.
PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20806348
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration_(medical)
liver infiltration AE
an epididymitis AE where the epidiymis is filled up with lymphocytes and plasma cells.
WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/lymphoplasmacytic
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymitis
lymphoplasmacytic epididymitis AE
a testicular disorder AE that results in a discomfort or pain of the epidiymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle in which sperm matures and is stored.
epididymitis AE
a pneumonia AE that results in the dissemination of histiocytes in the lung.
PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17882900
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia
disseminated histiocytic pneumonia AE
a myocarditis AE where the heart muscle is filled with lymphocytes and plasma cells that are not normally seen.
lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis AE
a syndrome AE in which the immune system begins to recover from an immunosuppression or AIDS, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_reconstitution_inflammatory_syndrome
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome AE
a role that exists in a cellular and molecular interaction
role in cellular and molecular interaction
a diarrhea AE that occurs when the bile acids are not reabsorbed into the bloodstream and enter the large bowel (colon), which causes abnormally high levels of water and salts in the large bowel and the formation of watery diarrhoea.
WEB: http://patient.info/health/bile-acid-malabsorptiondiarrhoea-leaflet
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption
WEB: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002596/
bile acid diarrhoea AE
an adverse event that has an outcome of nutrition disorder, which can be caused by an insufficient intake of food or of certain nutrients, by an inability of the body to absorb and use nutrients, or by overconsumption of certain foods.
WEB: http://www.who.int/topics/nutrition_disorders/en/
nutritional disorder AE
a nutrional disorder AE that has an outcome of malnutrition, a condition resulting from insufficient nutrients in the body.
WEB: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000404.htm
malnutrition AE
a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of the presence of very large numbers of bacteria growing in the small intestine
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_loop_syndrome
WEB: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000222.htm
small intestinal bacterial overgrowth AE
an edema face AE where the face has gradually swollen into a rounded shape
WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/moon-facies
moon face AE
a behavioral and neurological AE that has an outcome of impaired daily self care activities.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living
activities of daily living impaired AE
a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnomalty in the antibody level in the blood
antibody test abnormal AE
an antibody test abnormal AE that shows positive antinuclear antibody, which often attack a person's own cell nucleus.
URL: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ana-test/basics/definition/prc-20014566
In most cases, a positive ANA test indicates that your immune system has launched a misdirected attack on your own tissue — in other words, an autoimmune reaction. But some people have positive ANA tests even when they're healthy. Ref: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ana-test/basics/definition/prc-20014566
antinuclear antibody positive AE
A nervous system AE which refers to an imbalance problem in the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions
KY, YH
autonomic nervous system imbalance AE
A CSF test result abnormal AE with high glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.
CSF glucose increased AE
A CSF test result abnormal AE with high immunoglobin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid.
CSF immunoglobulin increased AE
A palsy AE with temporary or permanent weakness of the facial muscles on one or both sides of the face.
facial palsy AE
A bone AE that refers to structural failure in a disc and advanced signs of aging.
intervertebral disc degeneration AE
A behavioral and neurological test abnormal AE result that has an abnormal outcome in lumbar puncture involving pain or numbness to the legs, lower back pain, headaches, risk of infection, or risk of bleeding in the spinal canal.
lumbar puncture abnormal AE
A paralysis AE accompanied by involuntary tremors.
WEB: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/palsy
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palsy
palsy AE
A behavioral and neurological test abnormal AE that involves an abnormal outcome in the series of simple questions and noninvasive tests in a neurological examination that provides crucial information about the nervous system.
neurological examination abnormal AE
A paralysis AE characterized by extreme muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone.
paralysis flaccid AE
A paralysis AE on the peroneal nerve leading to loss of movement or sensation on the foot and leg and may lead to complete weakness or paralysis of the foot or leg.
peroneal nerve palsy AE
A hyperaesthesia AE that occurs at the optic area, reflected by an abnormal sensitivity to light.
WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+hyperesthesia
optic hyperesthesia AE
An abnormal respiration AE that shows a severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing.
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxia
asphyxia AE
An muscle AE showing delayed relaxation (prolonged contraction) of the skeletal muscles after voluntary contraction or electrical stimulation
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotonia
myotonia AE
An myotonia AE that occurs in the neck.
neck myotonia AE
a behavioral and neurological AE that refers to any pain or discomfort in the abdomen.
abdominal distress AE
A blindness AE that refers to the reduced ability to distinguish between colors that are obvious to the rest of the population
color blindness AE
a behavioral and neurological AE that is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal posture and slow, repetitive movements
dystonia AE
a behavioral and neurological AE that is characterized by potentially impulsive or poorly controlled activity
exciteness AE
a dizziness AE that creates a feeling of a light head caused by a temporary decrease in blood to the brain
lightheadedness AE
a psychiatric disorder AE that is characterized by an elevation or lowering of a person's mood
mood disorder AE
a menstrual disorder AE that is characterized by infrequent menstrual periods
oligomenorrhea AE
an ear AE that refers to ear poisoning resulting from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear
ototoxicity AE
an inflammation AE that leads to swelling around the blood vessel wall
periarteritis AE
a tumor AE that is benign and characterized by a small wart-like growth on the skin
skin papilloma AE
a paresthesia AE characterized by unusual prickling sensations in any part of the body
tingling AE
a diarrhea AE that has 4 stools per day over baseline; mild increase in ostomy output compared to baseline.
Grade 1 diarrhea AE
a diarrhea AE that has increased of 4 - 6 stools per day over baseline; moderate increase in ostomy output compared to baseline.
Grade 2 diarrhea AE
a diarrhea AE that has increased of >=7 stools per day over baseline; incontinence; hospitalization indicated; severe increase in ostomy output compared to baseline; limiting self care ADL
Grade 3 diarrhea AE
An epileptic seizure AE that is a complex autosomal dominant disorder usually caused by mutations in SCN1A (a voltage-gated sodium channel). One third of patients have febrile seizures only; two thirds have a variety of epilepsy syndromes, both focal and generalized.
genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus AE
a nausea AE that has Loss of appetite without alteration in eating habits
Grade 1 nausea AE
a nausea AE that has oral intake decreased without significant weight loss, dehydration or malnutrition
Grade 2 nausea AE
a nausea AE that has inadequate oral caloric or fluid intake; tube feeding, TPN, or hospitalization indicated
Grade 3 nausea AE
A bacterial infection AE that is induced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes an acute respiratory infection marked by severe, spasmodic coughing episodes during the paroxysmal phase.
Bordetella pertussis infection AE
A thyroiditis AE that is caused by an infection with a pathogen (e.g., bacterium or virus).
infectious thyroiditis AE
A disorder material entity that forms an open sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue.
ulcer
A neurotoxicity that occurs at the central nervous system. This type of neurotoxity manifests as altered thought content resulting in psychosis or confusion.
central nervous system toxicity AE
A paralysis AE that results from infection with any one of the three related poliovirus types (referred to as types P1, P2, and P3) and that attacks the body's nervous system.
poliomyelitis AE
An immune system AE where a transplant recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted organ or tissue.
graft rejection AE
A vasculitis AE that affects medium-sized and small muscular arteries, resulting in microaneurysm formation, aneurysmal rupture with hemorrhage, thrombosis, and, consequently, organ ischemia or infarction.
periarteritis nodosa AE
An abnormal reflex AE characterized by episodes of shaking or exaggerated shivering which can occur with a high fever.
rigors AE
An immunology AE in which cells of the lymphatic system grow excessively. It is a AE of the lymphoid cells and of cells from the reticuloendothelial system that usually occur in people with compromised immune systems.
lymphoproliferative disorder AE
A rash AE where the rash is present on only one area of the body, which is usually caused by cellulitis, contat dermatitis, and poison ivy.
localized rash AE
A neuropathy AE that is characterized by recurrent episodes of numbness, tingling, and loss of muscle function in the region associated with the affected nerve, usually an arm, hand, leg, or foot.
hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies AE
A viral infection AE that is caused by a Rubella virus. This contagious AE leads to symptoms that can include a low-grade fever, sore throat, and a red rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.
Rubella infection AE
A poliomyelitis AE that is associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) that occurs among healthy OPV recipients and their contacts. It is clinically indistinguishable from poliomyelitis caused by wild-type polio virus, which causes temporary or permanent paralysis.
vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis AE
A seizure AE that is a rare, catastrophic, lifelong form of epilepsy that begins in the first year of life with frequent and/or prolonged seizures.
severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy AE
A bacterial infection AE that is caused by exposure to environmental sources of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which leads to NTM entering the lungs, causing inflammation in the respiratory system. This AE can lead to progressive lung infection characterized by cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weight loss.
nontuberculous mycobacteria infection AE
An immunodeficiency AE that affects the immune system and results in the lack of the ability for the body to generate mature B cells, which manifests as a complete or near-complete lack of proteins called gamma globulins, including antibodies, in their bloodstream. This AE occurs almost exclusively in males. This AE also increases susceptibility to infections.
X-linked agammaglobulinemia AE
A multi-organ failure AE that is associated with administration of a Yellow Fever vaccine. This happens when vaccine virus proliferates in multiple organs, causing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or multiorgan failure and death.
Yellow Fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease AE
A duodenal ulcer AE that alters GI function and requiresTPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL.
Grade 3 duodenal ulcer AE
An anus AE that bleed from the anal region.
anal hemorrhage AE
An anal hemorrhage AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention or minor cauterization indicated.
Grade 2 anal hemorrhage AE
A thyroiditis AE where the thyroiditis inflammation has an acute process.
acute thyroiditis AE
An anal hemorrhage AE that has transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated.
Grade 3 anal hemorrhage AE
A gastrointestinal disorder AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the colon.
colonic stenosis AE
A colonic stenosis AE that altered GI function.
Grade 2 colonic stenosis AE
A colonic stenosis AE that alters GI function and requires tube feeding or hospitalization.
Grade 3 colonic stenosis AE
An esophagus AE that has a rupture in the wall of the esophagus.
esophageal perforation AE
A mucosal inflammation AE that has moderate pain which is not interfering with oral intake but modified diet indicated.
Grade 2 mucosal inflammation AE
A mucosal inflammation AE that is interfering with oral intake.
Grade 3 mucosal inflammation AE
A dysesthesia AE that has burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue or entire mouth.
oral dysesthesia AE
An oral dysesthesia AE that has disabling pain, requires tube feeding and TPN.
Grade 3 Oral dysesthesia AE
An oral dysesthesia AE that has m oderate pain and is interfering with oral intake.
Grade 2 Oral dysesthesia AE
An oral dysesthesia AE that has mild discomfort but is not interfering with oral intake.
Grade 1 Oral dysesthesia AE
A periodontal disease AE that has spontaneous bleeding, severe bone loss with or without tooth loss and osteonecrosis of maxilla or mandible.
Grade 3 periodontal disease AE
A periodontal disease AE that has moderate gingival recession or gingivitis, multiple sites of bleeding on probing and moderate bone loss.
Grade 2 periodontal disease AE
A periodontal disease AE that has gingival recession or gingivitis, limited bleeding on probing and mild local bone loss.
Grade 1 periodontal disease AE
A necrosis AE that there the ecrotic process occurring in the rectal wall.
rectal necrosis AE
A rectal necrosis AE that requires tube feeding or TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated.
Grade 3 rectal necrosis AE
An inflammation AE that has inflammation of the salivary duct.
salivary duct inflammation AE
A salivary duct inflammation AE that has acute salivary gland necrosis; severe secretion-induced symptoms (e.g., thick saliva/oral secretions or gagging); tube feeding or TPN indicated; limiting self care ADL; disabling
Grade 3 salivary duct inflammation AE
A salivary duct inflammation AE that has thick, ropy, sticky saliva; markedly altered taste; alteration in diet indicated; secretion-induced symptoms; limiting instrumental ADL
Grade 2 salivary duct inflammation AE
A salivary duct inflammation AE that has slightly thickened saliva; slightly altered taste (e.g., metallic)
Grade 1 salivary duct inflammation AE
An inflammation AE that has inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine.
small intestinal mucositis AE
A small intestinal mucositis AE that has severe pain and is interfering with oral intake; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated.
Grade 3 small intestinal mucositis AE
A small intestine ulcer AE that has altered GI function, requires TPN indicated. Elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL; disablingoperative intervention
Grade 3 small intestine ulcer AE
A small intestine ulcer AE that has altered GI function.
Grade 2 small intestine ulcer AE
A tooth disorder AE that has a pathological process of the teeth occurring during tooth development.
tooth development disorder AE
A tooth development disorder AE that has maldevelopment with impairment not surgically correctable.
Grade 3 tooth development disorder AE
A tooth development disorder AE that has impairment correctable with oral surgery
Grade 2 tooth development disorder AE
A tooth development disorder AE that has hypoplasia of tooth or enamel.
Grade 1 tooth development disorder AE
A digestive system AE that has abdominal pain, fever, change in bowel habits with ileus and peritoneal signs.
Grade 3 cecitis AE
A thyroiditis AE where the thyroiditis inflammation has a chronic process.
chronic thyroiditis AE
A chronic thyroiditis AE that shows a lot of dense fibrous tissue.
chronic fibrous thyroiditis AE
An acute thyroiditis AE that shows a form of painful, acute thyroiditis resulting from radioactive therapy to treat hyperthyroidism or from radiation to treat head and neck cancer or lymphoma.
radition thyroiditis AE
An autoimmune thyroiditis AE where the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis AE
An autoimmune thyroiditis AE that shows an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by thyroid autoantibodies, functional hypothyroidism, and absence of goiter.
atrophic thyroiditis AE
A thyroiditis AE that occurs after pregnancy and may involve hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or the two sequentially.
postpartum thyroiditis AE
An adverse event of hematoma in the subcapsular space of the kidney. This event occurs after a medical intervention, and may be caused by a tumor, trauma, vasculitis, renal infarction, or other disease process.
subcapsular hematoma AE
An adverse event of hematoma occurring around the kidney.
perinephric hematoma AE
arteriovenous fistula AE
An adverse event of surgery that leads to the puncturing of an adjacent organ. For example, a needle to the kidney may puncture the adjacent organs.
puncturing of adjacent organ AE
A renal failure AE that is characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds (such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds) in the blood.
azotaemia AE
An adverse event with the IgA nephropathy, a form of glomerulonephritis (an inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney), primarily characterized by deposition of the IgA antibody in the glomerulus.
IgA nephropathy AE
An adverse event with the IgM nephropathy, a form of glomerulonephritis (an inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney), primarily characterized by deposition of the IgM antibody in the glomerulus.
IgM nephropathy AE
A urine abnormality AE that is characterized by dark colored urine resulting from abormally high blood levels of conjugated bilirubin.
David Ameriguian, Oliver He
bilirubinuria AE
A bladder cancer AE that is characterized by a benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the bladder.
bladder neoplasm AE
A urine abnormality AE that is characterized by the presence of bile in urine.
choluria AE
A urine abnormality AE that is characterized by when one passes blood sugar (blood glucose) into urine.
glycosuria AE
A urine abnormality AE that is characterized by an abnormally low urinary specific gravity, i.e., reduced concentration of solutes in the urine.
hyposthenuria AE
A urine abnormality AE that is characterized by a medical condition in which ketone bodies are present in the urine.
ketonuria AE
A urine abnormality AE that is characterized by an abnormal pathologic state in which an excessive amount of myoglobin is found in the urine, imparting a cola-like hue, usually in association with myonecrosis and a clinical picture of weakness, myalgias, edema.
The date time when an adverse event starts
adverse event start date
A kidney AE that is characterized by disease or damage of the kidney, which can eventually result in kidney failure
nephropathy AE
A nephropathy AE that is characterized by any adverse functional or structural changes in the kidney due to the effect of a chemical or biological product that is inhaled, ingested, injected, or otherwise absorbed, or that yields toxic metabolites with an identifiable adverse effect on the kidneys.
nephropathy toxic AE
A congenital AE that is characterized by a birth defect and inherited condition that affects the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, and bladder) or the genital tract (reproductive organs).
congenital genitourinary abnormality AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the ureter caused by any blockage that prevents urine from draining into the bladder.
hydroureter AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by a condition in which the nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, become inflamed.
nephritis AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a progressive disease of the kidneys that results from sclerosis (hardening) of the small blood vessels in the kidneys.
nephrosclerosis AE
The date time when an adverse event ends
adverse event end date
an adverse event reporting that is to report an adverse event in an expedited time frame.
expedited adverse event reporting
A pain AE that is characterized by pain from disease or injury to a kidney
A kidney AE that is characterized by a very heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired diseases that involve singular or complex dysfunctions of transporters and channels in the renal tubular system
A renal tubular disorder AE that is characterized by acute kidney injury in the renal category involving damage to the tubule cells of the kidneys, which can lead to acute kidney failure
A kidney AE that is characterized by vessel wall leukocyte infiltration, often with necrosis affecting the kidney
A urinary system AE that is characterized by when a person has trouble starting or maintaining a urine stream
A urinary system AE that is characterized by any disorder that affects your urinary tract, which is the body's drainage system for removing urine
A uninary system AE that occurs in bladder
bladder AE
A urine abnormality AE that is characterized by the presence of porphyrins in the urine
An abscess AE that is characterized by an infection that has gotten into the kidneys caused by bacteria.
A kidney AE that is characterized by a kidney disorder where the kidneys are relatively small in comparison to the gender, age, and body weight of the patient.
A kidney AE that is characterized by a sac of fluid that forms in the kidney.
A bladder AE that is characterized by complete absence, or agenesis, of the urinary bladder
bladder agenesis AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by a pouch in the bladder wall that a person may either be born with or get later.
bladder diverticulum AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by scarring and hardening of the tissue in the bladder.
bladder fibrosis AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by tumor-like formations, projecting above the level of the mucous membrane of the efferent urinary passages, and consisting of granulation tissue.
bladder granuloma AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by an enlarged bladder where the bladder walls become thicker and then grow because they are overstretched.
bladder hypertrophy AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by external bladder injuries that are caused by either blunt or penetrating trauma to the lower abdomen, pelvis, or perineum.
bladder injury AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium and keratinization; it is a rare condition.
bladder leukoplakia AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by acute or chronic changes in the uterine shape or position; this can occur in women prior to labor, during labor, or postpartum.
bladder malposition acquired AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by an overly distended bladder with flattened urothelium.
bladder dilatation AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by being the putative precursor of urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive urothelial carcinoma of the urinary tract.
bladder dysplasia AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by a number of urinary conditions in people who lack bladder control due to a brain, spinal cord, or nerve problem.
A urinary system AE that is characterized by a problem that affects the urinary and genital tracts (reproductive organs)
This term may need to move to a higher level. More work need to be done.
A procedural complication AE that occurs after a blood transfusion
blood transfusion reaction AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a reversible form of acute renal dysfunction; it encompasses several different conditions that vary considerably.
acute prerenal failure AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of amino acids in the urine.
aminoaciduria AE
A congenital AE that is characterized by a wide range of kidney disease that are from birth; cystic disease may involve one or both kidneys and may or may not occur in the presence of other anomalies.
congenital cystic kidney disease AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by a bladder whose muscles do not fully contract. This makes it hard to urinate.
atonic urinary bladder AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a disease that causes abnormal blood clots to form in small blood vessels in the kidneys.
atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome AE
A urinary tract infection AE that is characterized by a type of urinary tract infection caused by bacteria where one or both kidneys become infected.
bacterial pyelonephritis AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by the presence of bacteria in urine. It is often accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria.
bacteriuria AE
A bladder neoplasm AE that is characterized by a non-cancerous tumor of the bladder that does not spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
benign neoplasm of bladder AE
A bladder cancer AE that is characterized by cancer that has returned following initial treatment with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
bladder cancer recurrent AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by problems with urination. This may include urgency of urination, frequency of urination, ability to "hold" urine during day or night, urinary incontinence, infrequent voiding, constipation, or other diagnoses.
bladder dysfunction AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by a blockage at the base or neck of the bladder. Such a blockage reduces or stops the flow of urine into the urethra, which carries urine from the body.
bladder obstruction AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by a narrowing that can cause bladder obstruction that leads to incomplete bladder emptying.
bladder stenosis AE
A bladder cancer AE that is characterized by cancer that starts in the urothelial cells that line the inside of the bladder. It is the most common type of bladder cancer.
bladder transitional cell carcinoma AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by yeast in the urine which can range from procurement contamination to a sign of a life-threatening, opportunistic fungal infection.
candiduria AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by a severe and long-standing reduction in bladder capacity.
contracted bladder AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a medical test in which pain is elicited by percussion of the area of the back overlying the kidney (the costovertebral angle, an angle made by the vertebral column and the costal margin).
CVA tenderness, Murphy's punch sign, Pasternacki's sign, Goldflam's sign
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costovertebral _angle_tenderness
costovertebral angle tenderness AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a major shock and renal failure after a crushing injury to skeletal muscle.
Traumatic rhabdomyolysis, Bywaters' syndrome
crush syndrome AE
A urinary system AE thta is characterized by cloudy urine when the cause of cloudiness is due to crystals found in the urine when performing a urine test. It is considered often as a benign condition.
crystalluria AE
A cystitis AE that is characterized by a strong, persistent urge to urinate; a burning sensation when urinating; passing ferquent, small amounts of urine; blood in the urine (hematuria); passing cloudy or strong-smelling urine; pelvic discomfort; a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen; and a low-grade fever.
cystitis-like symptom AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a birth defect in which a kidney is located below, above, or on the opposite side of its usual position; about one in 900 people has an ectopic kidney.
ectopic kidney AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by two ureters coming from a single kidney.
kidney duplex AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a mixed bag of developmental abberations, all of which involve anatomical or major structural anomalies.
kidney malformation AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by either partial or complete fusion of the two kidneys.
renal fusion anomaly AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by either an anterior or posterior situation; the second type is the most common obstructive congenital malformation of the urethra. The condition presents with abnormal posterior urethral folds or membranes that prevent urine evacuation from the bladder.
urethral valves AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by the urodynamic description of bladder outlet obstruction from detrusor muscle contraction with concomitant involuntary urethral sphincter activation.
detrusor sphincter dyssynergia AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by the most advanced stage of kidney disease.
diabetic end stage renal disease AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a serious kidney-related complication of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
diabetic nephropathy AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a rare disease that attacks the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli) causing serious scarring which leads to permanent kidney damage and even failure.
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by urinary retention in young women; the problem is caused by the sphincter's failure to relax to allow urine to be passed.
fowler's syndrome AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by any symptom related to the urinary and genital organs.
genitourinary symptom AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by inflammation and subsequent damage of the glomeruli leading to hematuria, proteinuria, and azotemia; it may be caused by primary renal disease or systemic conditions. Acute glomerulonephritis is the third most common cause of end-stage renal disease.
glomerulonephritis acute AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by glomerulonephritis that develops silently (without symptoms) over several years, leading, often, to complete kidney failure.
glomerulonephritis chronic AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a type of glomerulonephritis caused by deposits in the kidney glomerular mesangium and basement membrane thickening.
glomerulonephritis membranoproliferative AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a specific type of glomerulonephritis that develops when inflammation of your kidney structures causes problems with the functioning of your kidney.
glomerulonephritis membranous AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a disease affecting the kidneys which causes a nephrotic syndrome.
glomerulonephritis minimal lesion AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by an increased number of cells in the glomerulus.
glomerulonephritis proliferative AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by any disease of renal glomeruli.
glomerulonephropathy AE
An autoimmune disorder AE that is characterized by a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the basement membrane in lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure.
goodpasture's syndrome AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by bleeding of the urinary tract that can happen without a clear cause or as a result of an injury.
haemorrhage urinary tract AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by a rare kidney disease leading to chronic kidney disease in a non-negligible percentage of patients.
henoch-schonlein purpura nephritis AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by when hemoglobin is released from RBCs into the bloodstream in excess of the binding capacity of haptoglobin. It occurs with chronic introvascular hemolysis and is called "brown urine."
haemosiderinuria AE
A kidney AE that is characterized by rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure. It is a life-threatening medical condition.
hepatorenal syndrome AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by an excessive urinary excretion of oxalate.
hyperoxaluria AE
A nephropathy AE that is characterized by a disease of the kidneys where the vasculature of the kidneys is damaged with an increase in blood pressure (high blood pressure).
hypertensive nephropathy AE
A urinary system AE that is characterized by low urinary-citrate excretion (defined as less than 320 mg/day), which can cause kidney stones in up to 2/3 of cases.
hypocitraturia AE
A congenital AE that is characterized by a congenital disorder of the urethra where the urinary opening is not at the usual location on the head of the penis.
hypospadias AE
A bladder AE that is characterized by the hypotonic bladder muscle failing to squeeze hard enough to completely empty the bladder.
hypotonic urinary bladder AE
An AE with the fragmentation of the nucleus
karyorrhexis AE
A cardiac disorder AE that shows a disorder of the heart's electrical activity, which can cause sudden, uncontrollable, dangerous arrhythmias in response to exercise or stress. The term "long QT" refers to an abnormal pattern seen on an EKG (electrocardiogram), a test that detects and records the heart's electrical activity.
Madison Kalter, Jamie Ngai, Beccca Racz, Oliver He
long QT syndrome AE
an injection-site AE that displays erythema at the injection site.
injection site erythema AE
an adverse event that occurs immediately after an injection
immediate post-injection reaction AE
an adverse event that displays swelling at the injection site
Injection site swelling AE
axillary vein thrombosis AE
basilar artery thrombosis AE
brain stem thrombosis AE
cardiac ventricular thrombosis AE
catheter site thrombosis AE
cavernous sinus thrombosis AE
prosthetic cardiac valve thrombosis AE
An adverse event with the outcome of the cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), which occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain’s venous sinuses. CVST prevents blood from draining out of the brain. As a result, blood cells may break and leak blood into the brain tissues, forming a hemorrhage.
cerebral venous sinus thrombosis AE
foetal placental thrombosis AE
hepatic artery thrombosis AE
hepatic vein thrombosis AE
mesenteric artery thrombosis AE
peripheral artery thrombosis AE
An adverse event in any patient presenting with both acute venous or arterial thrombosis AND new onset thrombocytopenia after a medical intervention such as vaccination.
thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome AE
postpartum thrombosis AE
postpartum venous thrombosis AE
pulmonary venous thrombosis AE
renal artery thrombosis AE
retinal vascular thrombosis AE
spinal artery thrombosis AE
splenic artery thrombosis AE
splenic vein thrombosis AE
thrombosis prophylaxis AE
vascular stent thrombosis AE
vascular access site thrombosis AE
vascular graft thrombosis AE
brachiocephalic vein thrombosis AE
vertebral artery thrombosis AE
portosplenomesenteric venous thrombosis AE
arteriovenous fistula thrombosis AE
hepatic vascular thrombosis AE
intrapericardial thrombosis AE
ophthalmic artery thrombosis AE
ophthalmic vein thrombosis AE
pulmonary thrombosis AE
renal vein thrombosis AE
retinal artery thrombosis AE
splenic thrombosis AE
subclavian artery thrombosis AE
thrombosis mesenteric vessel AE
transverse sinus thrombosis AE
vaccination site thrombosis AE
ophthalmic thrombosis AE
hepatic thrombosis AE
renal thrombosis AE
retinal thrombosis AE
brain thrombosis AE
cardiac thrombosis AE
visceral venous thrombosis AE
Level 1 thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome AE
Level 1 TTS AE
Level 2 thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome AE
Level 2 TTS AE
Level 3 thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome AE
Level 3 TTS AE
A reported case as TTS but there is insufficient evidence to meet any level of the case.
Level 4 thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome AE
Level 4 TTS AE
Level 5 thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome AE
Level 5 TTS AE
pulmonary artery thrombosis AE
subclavian thrombosis AE
mesenteric thrombosis AE
This is an AE which is the most common manifestation of abdominal tuberculosis.
This is an AE which is any localized enlargement or swelling in the human abdomen.
This is an AE which is a disorder primarily of children which presents with episodes of abdominal pain without an accompanying headache.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of abdominal tissue.
This is an AE which is a clinical sign in which there is pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen.
This is an AE which is the tensing of the abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen from the pain of pressure upon them.
This is an AE which is the observed or detectable abdominal signs, and experienced symptoms of an illness, injury, or condition .
This is an AE which is pain or discomfort when an affected abdominal area is touched.
This is an AE which is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the abdominal wall.
This is an AE which a functional abnormality or disturbance occurs on the abdominal.
This is an AE which is a abdominal wall bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken abdominal wall capillaries.
This is an AE which was unencapsulated and had no distinct borders and was infiltrative and composed of bundles and sheets of densely packed fusiform cells on the abdominal wall.
This is an AE which is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of abdominal wall .
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the abdominal wall.
This is an AE which is a surgical complication in which a abdominal wound ruptures along a surgical incision.
This is an AE which is a intra-abdominal bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which refers to a sudden, severe abdominal pain and it is in many cases a medical emergency, requiring urgent and specific diagnosis.
This is an AE which is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day and causes by bacterial.
This is an AE which is a rare condition characterized by abdominal pain attributed to compression of the celiac artery and the celiac ganglia by the median arcuate ligament.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals occured on coeliac artery .
This is an AE which is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal and it is congenital.
This is an AE which is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day and occurs on the neonatal.
This is an AE which is defined as a gap of about 2.7 cm or greater between the two sides of the rectus abdominis muscle.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the focal peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs.
This is an AE which is a birth defect in which the baby's intestines extend outside of the abdomen through a hole next to the belly button.
This is an AE which is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements each day and causes by the viral.
This is an AE which is the formation of a blood clot inside a truncus coeliacus blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
This is an AE which is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the retroperitoneal body.
This is an AE which refers to accumulation of fluid in an retroperitoneal space, usually without loculation.
This is an AE which is a disease featuring the proliferation of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneum, the compartment of the body containing the kidneys, aorta, renal tract, and various other structures.
This is an AE which is an accumulation of blood in the retroperitoneal space.
This is an AE which is a disease of the lymph nodes, in which retroperitoneal are abnormal in size or consistency.
This is an AE which is a mass in the posterior of the peritoneum.
This is an AE which refers fluid retention, dropsy, hydropsy and swelling, is the build-up of fluid in the retroperitoneal.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the peritoneal.
This is an AE which is fibrous bands that form between peritoneal tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery.
This is an AE which is a type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood.
This is an AE which is a rare serious complication typically caused by peritoneal dialysis.
This is an AE which is a functional abnormality or disturbance on the peritoneal.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged peritoneal blood vessels.
This is an AE which is a surgical diagnostic procedure to determine if there is free floating fluid (most often blood) in the abdominal cavity.
This is an AE which is a hyperplasia of peritoneal mesothelial cells in serous membranes .
This is an AE which is inflammation of the peritoneum caused by virus.
This is an AE which is a relatively uncommon manifestation of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection , but nonetheless, a potentially life-threatening one that requires prompt medical attention and treatment with antibiotics and, in some cases, surgery.
This is an AE which is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal.
This is an AE which is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal caused obstructive.
This is an AE which is the abnormal exit of inguinal tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.
This is an AE which is the name given to a common and aberrant immune response to infection with virus.
This is an AE which is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal and incarcerated.
This is an AE which is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the groin.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an organism's groin tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which occurs when there is protrusion of an internal organ into a retroperitoneal fossa or a foramen (congenital or acquired) in the abdominal cavity.
This is an AE which innervates the serratus anterior muscle and function gets injuried.
This is an AE which occurs in most hospitalized Covid-19 patients.
This is an AE which is any disorder of the nervous system. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms.
This is an AE which is a class of functional mental disorders of childhood involving chronic distress, but neither delusions nor hallucinations.
This is an AE which is a term describing neuropathies with both sensory and motor involvement in a length dependant distribution where neurophysiology reveals axonal damage.
polyneuropathy idiopathic progressive AE
This is an AE which is a rare, fluid-filled neuroglial cavity within the spinal cord (syringomyelia), in the brain stem (syringobulbia), or in the nerves of the elbow, usually in a young age.
congenital central nervous system anomaly AE
This is an AE which refers to types of paralysis and occurs on cranial nerve caused by multiple reasons.
This is an AE which is any loss of nerve supply regardless of the cause.
This is an AE which is a condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement, or by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired movement and its occurs on IVth nerve.
This is an AE which refers to long thoracic nerve of paralysis, often accompanied by weakness and the loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking.
This is an AE which is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso; paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries and it is spontaneous.
This is an AE which is a symptom related to a spectrum of disorders characterized by unintentional and purposeless motions and restlessness, often but not always accompanied by emotional distress.
This is an AE which is any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief.
This is an AE which is deterioration in the medical sense and it is the change from a higher to a lower form nerve.
This is an AE which is injury to nervous tissue.
This is an AE which will produce functional disability.
This is an AE which is a disease of the cervical spine and a space-occupying lesion that occurs because of pathological problems with cervical nerve roots.
This is an AE which refers to a small class of medical conditions affecting the nervous system.
This is an AE which are a group of birth defects in which an opening in the spine or cranium remains from early in human development.
This is an AE which is a syndrome of unknown cause; although many specific risk factors have been identified (such as; post-operatively, post-infectious, post-traumatic or post-vaccination), the cause is still unknown.
This is an AE which is a usually benign nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the insulating myelin sheath covering peripheral nerves.
This is an AE which is inflammation of a cranial nerveor the general inflammation of the peripheral nervous system.
This is an AE which is a type of cancer that forms in certain types of nerve tissue.
This is an AE which is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, which may ultimately involve cell death.
This is an AE which is a skin disorder characterized by chronic itching and scratching.
This is an AE which is a group of disorders that affect the development of the nervous system, leading to abnormal brain function which may affect emotion, learning ability, self-control, and memory.
This is an AE which are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous systems.
This is an AE which is a benign nerve-sheath tumor in the peripheral nervous system.
This is an AE which is a group of three conditions in which tumors grow in the nervous system.
This is an AE which is the inability to control defecation due to a deterioration of or injury to the nervous system, resulting in faecal incontinence or constipation.
This is an AE which is a distributive type of shock resulting in hypotension (low blood pressure), often with bradycardia (slowed heart rate), caused by disruption of autonomic nervous system pathways.
This is an AE which is a neuropsychological condition in which, after damage to one hemisphere of the brain is sustained, a deficit in attention to and awareness of one side of the field of vision is observed.
This is an AE which is any mental neurologic disorder that manifests as physical symptoms that suggest illness or injury, but cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition or by the direct effect of a substance, and are not attributable to another mental disorder.
This is an AE which is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid caused by neurological disorder.
This is an AE which block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles.
This is an AE which ailments that impair the functioning of the muscles, either directly, being pathologies of the voluntary muscle, or indirectly, being pathologies of nerves or neuromuscular junctions and it will cause pain.
This is an AE which is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage neuromuscular.
This is an AE which is a form of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability that causes spontaneous muscular activity resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials of peripheral origin.
This is an AE which refers to progressive degeneration of a weight-bearing joint and musclar , a process marked by bony destruction, bone resorption, and eventual deformity due to loss of sensation.
This is an AE which is a general term describing disease affecting the peripheral nerves, meaning nerves beyond the brain and spinal cord.
This is an AE which refers to the neurological and psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
This is an AE which are the observed or detectable signs, and experienced symptoms of an illness, injury, or condition.
This is an AE which refers to a type of sarcoidosis, a condition of unknown cause featuring granulomas in various tissues, in this type involving the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
This is an AE which is a partial or total inability to hear caused by neurosensory.
This is an AE which is a class of functional mental disorders involving chronic distress, but neither delusions nor hallucinations.
This is an AE which refers to infection of the central nervous system in a patient with syphilis.
This is an AE which is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
This is an AE which refers to a condition where corneal epitheliopathy leading to frank epithelial defect with or without stromal ulceration (melting) is associated with reduced or absent corneal sensations.
This is an AE which is a painful condition affecting the posterior head in the distributions of the greater occipital nerve (GON), lesser occipital nerve (LON), third occipital nerve (TON), or a combination of the three.
This is an AE which is the name of a dystonic reaction to certain drugs or medical conditions characterized by a prolonged involuntary upward deviation of the eyes.
This is an AE which is a type of glioma that are believed to originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell.
This is an AE which is associated with typical vascular risk factors and with one systemic disease in particular: giant cell arteritis (GCA).
This is an AE which can be defined as remote effects of cancer that are not caused by the tumor and its metastasis, or by infection, ischemia or metabolic disruptions.
This is an AE which resulting from a lesion involving the cisternal portion of the nerve prior to its anatomical bifurcation.
This is an AE which is a syndrome that causes episodes of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
This is an AE which is a progressively worsening condition where muscles in the extremities gradually weaken.
This is an AE which is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby perineurial tissue.
This is an AE which is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the peripheral nerve tissues during decompression.
This is an AE which refers to damage to peripheral nerve beyond the capability to repair.
This is an AE which resulting from trauma can be severe and permanently debilitating.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an peripheral nerve , usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system's activity using invasive or non-invasive means on the peripheral nerve.
This is an AE which is a paralysis on common fibular nerve that affects patient’s ability to lift the foot at the ankle.
This is an AE which is a nerve in the lower leg that provides sensation over the posteriolateral part of the leg and the knee joint.
This is an AE which is a chronic disabling condition of the peripheral nerves, characterized by symmetrical distal numbness and paresthesia, often accompanied with pain and weakness.
This is an AE which is damage or disease affecting peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the body, featuring weakness, numbness, and burning pain in malignant disease.
This is an AE which is neuropathic pain that occurs due to damage to a peripheral nerve caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (herpes zoster, also known as shingles).
This is an AE which is a nerve in the human body that supplies the posterior portion of the upper limb and its funtion get injury.
This is an AE whichis a problem associated with the radial nerve resulting from injury consisting of acute trauma to the radial nerve.
This is an AE which is pain "radiated" along the dermatome (sensory distribution) of a nerve due to inflammation or other irritation of the nerve root (radiculopathy) at its connection to the spinal column.
This is an AE which refers to a set of conditions in which one or more nerves are affected and do not work properly (a neuropathy).
This is an AE which is pain "radiated" along the dermatome (sensory distribution) of a brachial nerve due to inflammation or other irritation of the nerve root (radiculopathy) at its connection to the spinal column.
This is an AE which is a relatively common neurological disorder resulting from nerve root dysfunction, which is often due to mechanical compression.
This is an AE which is one of the most common disorders evaluated by neurologists and is a leading referral diagnosis for the performance of electromyography.
This is an AE which a condition affecting the nerves of the peripheral sciatic nervous system.
This is an AE which is a large nerve in humans and other vertebrate animals which is the largest branch of the sacral plexus and runs alongside the hip joint and down the lower limb and it maybe palsy.
This is an AE which has been traditionally considered presenting with symptoms reflecting the length-dependent impairment of unmyelinated C and thinly myelinated A@ fibres, most commonly reported as burning feet.
This is an AE which is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system.
亚急性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病
subacute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy AE
This is an AE which refers to damage to sympathetic nerve beyond the capability to repair.
This is an AE which is one of two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, along with the parasympathetic nervous system.
This is an AE which includes those caused by industrial toxins (organic solvents and organophosphates), heavy metals (arsenic, thallium, and lead), drugs and alcohol.
This is an AE which is a condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement, or by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired movement caused by trigeminal nerve.
This is an AE which refers to various types of paralysis, often accompanied by weakness and the loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking and occurs on trigeminal.
This is an AE which takes three clinical forms: meningitis (TBM), intracranial tuberculoma, and spinal arachnoiditis.
tuberculosis of central nervous system AE
This is an AE which result in both sensory and motor deficits within the hand.
This is an AE which is a chronic clinical condition characterized by a delayed onset ulnar neuropathy after an injury to the elbow.
This is an AE which is inflammation of a ulnar nerve or the general inflammation of the peripheral ulnar nervous system.
This is an AE which Is an injury or abnormality that occurs in the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves.
This is an AE which is the tenth cranial nerve or CN X, and interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract and its function gets disorder.
This is an AE which is damage to the viiith nerve caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of viiith nerve , usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles occured viith nerve .
This is an AE which refers to a functional abnormality or disturbance on VIIth nerve.
This is an AE which is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles occured vith nerve .
This is an AE which is a nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions which get injury.
This is an AE which is an injury to the spinal accessory nerve which results in diminished or absent function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and upper portion of the trapezius muscle.
This is an AE which is a benign tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve that passes from the inner ear to the brain.
This is an AE which is a variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome. It is characterized by acute paralysis and loss of reflexes without sensory loss.
acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy AE
This is an AE which is acute damage or disease affecting peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the body, featuring weakness, numbness, and burning pain.
This is an AE which is an area of swelling (edema) of the lower layer of skin and tissue just under the skin or mucous membranes.
This is an AE which is an eating disorder characterized by low weight, food restriction, body image disturbance, fear of gaining weight, and an overpowering desire to be thin.
This is an AE which sometimes called autoimmune neuritis, may be a forme fruste of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated neuropathy.
This is an AE which is a single autonomic seizure lasting between 2+ to 5+ minutes or two or more seizures within a five-minute period without the person returning to normal between them.
This is an AE which is a nerve of the human body, that originates from the brachial plexus (upper trunk, posterior division, posterior cord) at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6 which it maybe get injury.
This is an AE which is damage or disease affecting peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the axonal and demyelinating body, featuring weakness, numbness, and burning pain.
axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy AE
This is an AE which is a rare, autosomal recessive[1] neurological disorder that causes disorganization of neurofilaments.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the central nervous system caused by bacterial.
bacterial abscess central nervous system AE
This is an AE which is a group of physical problems that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ganglia fail to properly suppress unwanted movements or to properly prime upper motor neuron circuits to initiate motor function and a type of symptom is haematoma.
This is an AE which is a group of physical problems that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ganglia fail to properly suppress unwanted movements or to properly prime upper motor neuron circuits to initiate motor function and a type of symptom is stroke.
This is an AE which is a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates and it is begin degeneration.
This is an AE which is an outmoded term for a condition now designated as a form of conversion disorder.
This is an AE which is a cancerous glioma tumor in the brainstem.
This is an AE which is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging; and excessive concern with body shape and weight.
This is an AE which is a psychiatric syndrome which presents a set of symptoms similar to those of heart disease.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the central nervous system.
This is an AE which is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord which is got injury.
This is an AE which is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells and occurs on central nervous system.
This is an AE which is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the central nervous system body.
This is an AE which is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord and it has mass.
This is an AE which is a tumor affecting the cental nervous system.
This is an AE which is group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation and occurs on central nervous system.
This is an AE which refers to virus infections usually begin in the peripheral tissues, and can invade the mammalian system by spreading into the peripheral nervous system and more rarely the CNS.
This is an AE which is caused by viruses that attack the CNS.
central nervous system viral infection AE
This is an AE which is any disorder of the nervous system and occurs on congenital time.
This is an AE which is an impaired functioning of one of the twelve cranial nerves.
This is an AE which are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem) and get injury.
This is an AE which is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles and occurs on cranial nerve.
This is an AE which is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves.
This is an AE which is pain in the distribution of a nerve or nerves, as in intercostal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
This is an AE which is a nerve in the thigh that supplies skin on the upper thigh and inner leg, and the muscles that extend the knee injury.
This is an AE which refers to various types of paralysis,often accompanied by weakness and the loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking and occurs on femoral nerve.
This is an AE which is a variant of neuroblastoma that is surrounded by ganglion cells.
This is an AE which is a rare and benign tumor of the autonomic nerve fibers arising from neural crest sympathogonia, which are completely undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system.
This is an AE which is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine.
This is an AE which is a nonspecific reactive change of glial cells in response to damage to the central nervous system (CNS).
This is an AE which is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles and occurs on glossopharyngeal nerve.
This is an AE which is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area infection neurological.
This is an AE which is frequently involved in head and neck afflictions as a result of its long course.
This is an AE which refers to IIIrd nerve functional abnormality or disturbance.
This is an AE which is damage to the body caused by an external force and occurs on iiird nerve.
This is an AE which is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles and occurs on IIIrd nerve.
This is an AE which is a condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement, or by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired movement and occurs on IIIrd nerve.
This is an AE which is association with other neurological deficits.
This is an AE which is a lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the lower motor neuron(s) in the anterior horn/anterior grey column of the spinal cord, or in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, to the relevant muscle(s).
This is an AE which is pain going down the leg from the lower back.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the network of nerves in the lumbosacral plexus.
This is an AE which refers injuries to the lumbosacral plexus are predominantly witnessed as bone injuries.
This is an AE which depends on what portion of the plexus gets involved in the disease process.
This is an AE which is a nerve in humans and other animals in the upper limb and is injuried of median nerve at different levels causes different syndromes with varying motor and sensory deficits.
This is an AE which is a common type of primary brain cancer in children.
This is an AE which is a neurologic symptoms of neuroborreliosis.
This is an AE which is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve, most commonly of the second and third intermetatarsal spaces (between the second/third and third/fourth metatarsal heads; the first is of the big toe), which results in the entrapment of the affected nerve.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the ventricles in the cns brain.
This is an AE which is to act in a way that is likely to elicit attention, usually to elicit validation from others.
This is an AE which refers to a set of brief unconscious behaviors.
This is an AE which repetitive unconscious gestures, such as lip smacking, in certain types of epilepsy.
This is an AE which is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between persons of the opposite sex or gender.
This is an AE which is the description of the activity that will increase the probability that a person engaging in sexual activity with another person infected with a sexually transmitted infection will be infected or become pregnant, or make a partner pregnant.
This is an AE which is a tendency to act on a whim, displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences.
This is an AE which is a sleep disorder in which people act out their dreams.
rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder AE
This is an AE which significantly interferes with social engagement and characterises various psychopathologies.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the myelin sheath, which is a primary actor in the central nervous system and it also has herpes zoster.
This is an AE which is a generic term referring to a disorder in which a cyst or cavity forms within the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease occured post vaccine transmitted by fecal-oral contamination with lymphatic replication .
This is an AE which is a group of latent symptoms of poliomyelitis (polio), occurring at about a 25–40% rate (latest data greater than 80%).
This is an AE which is a common disease that most primary care doctors encounter .
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on spinal cord.
This is an AE which is rarely caused by vertebral artery dissection (VAD), which is an important cause of posterior circulation stroke in young and middle-aged patients.
This is an AE which is spinal cord tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area.
This is an AE which is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function.
This is an AE which is damage to the cervical spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function.
This is an AE which is damage to the lumbar spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function.
This is an AE which is a benign tumor made of fat tissue on the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the spinal cord tissue.
This is an AE which is a loss of motor function in one or more spinal cord muscles.
This is an AE which is a non-surgical procedure intended to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or on one or more compressed nerve roots passing through or exiting the spinal column.
This is an AE which refers to a condition impairing the backbone.
This is an AE which is a rare condition that usually presents with acute, severe pain at the location of the hemorrhage, with radiation to the extremities.
This is an AE which is an intervention performed on spinal articulations, synovial joints, which is asserted to be therapeutic.
This is an AE which is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting.
This is an AE which is a type of radiographic examination that uses a contrast medium to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors.
This is an AE which was first explored by Whytt in 1750 as a loss of sensation accompanied by motor paralysis with initial loss but gradual recovery of reflexes, following a spinal cord injury (SCI) – most often a complete transection.
This is an AE which is inflammation caused by the viral of the spinal cord which can disrupt the normal responses from the brain to the rest of the body, and from the rest of the body to the brain. Inflammation in the spinal cord, can cause the myelin and axon to be damaged resulting in symptoms such as paralysis and sensory loss.
This is an AE which is a serious condition of the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is a neurodegenerative disease[a] that results in the progressive loss of motor neurons that control voluntary muscles.
This is an AE which is a mass of cells (tumor) that lacks the ability to either invade neighboring tissue or metastasize (spread throughout the body) such as benign tumor of spinal cord.
This is an AE which is caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, i.e. hemisection of the spinal cord resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side as the injury or lesion, and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite (or contralateral) side as the lesion.
This is an AE which is the most common form of cervical spinal cord injury.
This is an AE which describes any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is a term used to describe a constellation of early-appearing social communication deficits and repetitive sensory-motor behaviours associated with a strong genetic component as well as other causes.
This is an AE which is a condition which persists for more than 6 weeks in duration and occurs in the absence of an identifiable provoking factor.
This is an AE which is the experience in which an individual perceives the surrounding environment from a different perspective, from a position outside of their own body.
This is an AE which refers loss of the ability to read due to cerebral disorder.
This is an AE which is the inability to process sensory information.
This is an AE which is an acquired neurological disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some form of motor dysfunction or an inability to spell.
This is an AE which is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or disease, but it can also be caused temporarily by the use of various sedatives and hypnotic drugs.
This is an AE which is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally-elevated mood that last from days to weeks each.
This is an AE which is a bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression.
This is an AE which is a type of bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, with or without mixed or psychotic features.
This is an AE which is a condition of abnormally deep sleep or a stupor from which it is difficult to rouse.
This is an AE which is the cumulative effect of not getting enough sleep.
This is an AE which is a rare form of circadian rhythm sleep disorder.
This is an AE which is a state, during waking up or falling asleep, in which a person is aware but unable to move or speak.
This is an AE which is a broad classification of sleeping disorders involving difficulty getting to sleep, remaining asleep, or of excessive sleepiness.
This is an AE which is characterized by reduced exercise capacity.
This is an AE which refers a chronic condition due to mental or physical impairments arising before adulthood.
This is an AE which is a mental disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis.
This is an AE which is a mental disorder diagnosed when symptoms of schizophrenia are present for a significant portion of time (at least a month), but signs of disturbance are not present for the full six months required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
This is an AE which is classified as “partial awakenings in which the state of consciousness remains impaired for several minutes without any accompanying major behavioural disorders or severe autonomic responses”.
This is an AE which is an organically caused decline from a previous baseline mental functioning, that develops over a short period of time, typically hours to days.
This is an AE which is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.
This is an AE which is a temporary inability to maintain optimal cognitive performance.
This is an AE which is characterized by backward disequilibrium in a sitting and standing position, reactional hypertonia, an alteration of postural reactions, gait modifications, and fear of falling.
This is an AE which is a chronic disorder of the nervous system characterized by recurrent, unprovoked focal seizures that originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and last about one or two minutes.
This is an AE which is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
This is an AE which is an abnormal condition of the mind that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real.
This is an AE which is the action of violently shaking one's head in rhythm with music.
This is an Ae which is a cutaneous fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the scalp.
This is an AE which may be a clinical manifestation of autonomic nervous system dysregulation.
This is an AE which is characterized by having difficulty returning to sleep after waking up during the night or very early in the morning.
This is an AE which is a state of tiredness, weariness, fatigue, or lack of energy.
This is an AE which is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic dysfunction, tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and postural instability (collectively known as parkinsonism) and ataxia.
This is an AE which encompasses several types of dementia involving the frontal and temporal lobes.[3] FTDs are broadly presented as behavioral or language disorders.
This is an AE which is an anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from home and/or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g., a parent, caregiver, significant other, or siblings).
This is an AE which is a neurological examination finding elicited by a reflex test which can help verify the presence or absence of issues arising from the corticospinal tract.
This is an AE which is a type of dementia characterized by changes in sleep, behavior, cognition, movement, and regulation of automatic bodily functions.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the central nervous system.
This is an AE which is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence.
This is an AE which is a disease characterized by a weeks-long course of thunderclap headaches, sometimes focal neurologic signs, and occasionally seizures.
This is an AE which is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease with bacteraemia.
This is an AE which is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease with carditis.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which poor spinal blood flow to the brain causes cell death.
This is an AE which is a neurological condition in which the cerebellum is smaller than usual or not completely developed.
This is an AE which is a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with epilepsy or migraine.
This is an AE which is a rare form of chronic, progressive brain inflammation caused by slow infection with certain defective strains of hypermutated measles virus.
This is an AE which is a relatively frequent occurrence in significant head trauma, and their detection is important, as even linear nondisplaced fractures can be associated with critical complications.
This is an AE which is achieved in this model by injecting particles like blood clots (thrombembolic MCAO) or artificial spheres into the carotid artery of animals as an animal model of ischemic stroke.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing in a cerebrovascular blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals.
This is an AE which is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by staphylococcal.
This is an AE which is an important and common complication of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies.
This is an AE which is associated with infectious complications, whereas emerging treatments, including anakinra and tocilizumab, may also result in increased susceptibility to certain infections.
This is an AE which is characterized by macrocephaly and typical neuroimaging findings, is considered as a self-limiting condition and is therefore rarely treated in infants.
This is an AE which is defined as inflammation of the meninges, in almost all cases identified by an abnormal number of white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and specific clinical signs/symptoms.
This is an AE which is five main reasons for bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoal, and prionic.
This is an AE which is inflammation with haemorrhagic of the brain.
This is an AE which is inflammation and allergy of the brain.
This is an AE which is inflammation and infection of the brain.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the brain caused by meningococcal.
This is an AE which is recognised as a central factor in the development of many neurological disorders, but much less is known about the role of the blood-brain barrier in psychiatric disorders.
This is an AE which is the effect of a intracranial growing mass that results in secondary pathological effects by pushing on or displacing surrounding tissue.
This is an AE which may refer to an abnormal growth that usually appears on a baby's neck or head.
This is an AE which means any allergic disorder or disease of the brain, especially chronic degenerative conditions.
This is an AE which presents with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness and thus mimics benign conditions such as viral gastroenteritis or labyrinthitis.
This is an AE which refers a protein encoded by the gene NODAL and responsible for left-right asymmetry.
This is an AE which refers to head was lacking in comfort.
This is an AE which which occurs a few weeks after recovery from influenza is thought to be an autoimmune process associated with demyelination and vasculopathy.
This is an AE which is the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries.
This is an AE whichis vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessel wall) involving the brain and occasionally the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing in a cerebral artery blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals.
This is an AE which is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements.
This is an AE which is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain.
This is an AE which is the accumulation of calcium salts in a cerebral body tissue.
This is an AE which is defined as a general or specific failure of the circulation, either cardiac.
This is an AE which may refer to heart failure resulting in congestion in one or more organs.
This is an AE which is a cerebral closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the cerebral body tissues during decompression.
This is an AE which may refer to relating to the brain disease.
This is an AE which is a form of dysgenesis in adults that alters the size and shape of their cells that lead to abnormal development.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of cerebral blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain, into its ventricles, or into both.
This is an AE which is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain occured on foetal, into its ventricles, or into both.
This is an AE which is a form of hypoxia (reduced supply of oxygen), specifically involving the brain; when the brain is completely deprived of oxygen, it is called cerebral anoxia.
This is an AE which is mainly found in patients with Alzheimer's disease and lacunar infarction, and becomes one of the main reasons of death and disability in diabetic patients.
This is an AE which is abnormal differences seen in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, associated with amyloid-modifying therapies, particularly human monoclonal antibodies.
This is an AE which refers to a group of pathological processes with various aetiologies that affect the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain with ischaemic.
cerebral small vessel ischemic disease AE
This is an AE which is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis on cerebral.
This is an AE which is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan.
This is an AE which is the presence of a blood clot in the dural venous sinuses (which drain blood from the brain), the cerebral veins, or both.
This is an AE which can refer to various forms of transient loss of consciousness caused by cerebral ventricle such as syncope, or loss of postural muscle tone without loss of consciousness .
This is an AE which is defined as dilation of the fetal cerebral ventricles and is a relatively common finding on prenatal ultrasound.
This is an AE which is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the reduction or absence of functional peroxisomes in the cells of an individual.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death.
This is an AE which is an abnormal cerebrovascular connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system.
cerebrovascular arteriovenous malformation AE
This is an AE which includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation.
This is an AE which is a common CNS manifestation of mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) and has been reported in specific and non-specific MIDs.
This is an AE which is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a cerebellar blood vessel.
This is an AE which accounts for 5-10% of all intracerebral haemorrhages and leads to severe, long-lasting functional deficits.
This is an AE which is characterized by reduced cerebellar volume, even though cerebellar shape is (near) normal.
This is an AE which is an important cause of stroke that often presents with common and non-specific symptoms such as dizziness, nausea and vomiting, unsteady gait, and headache.
This is an AE which may present in a completely different way from common stroke syndromes in the anterior cerebral circulation and can initially mimic benign vestibular neuritis and may later deteriorate into a life-threatening neurologic state.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of cerebellar tissue.
This is an AE which is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local (ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess) or remote (lung, heart, kidney etc.) infectious sources, within the brain tissue.
This is an AE which is a bruise of the brain tissue and can be associated with multiple microhemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue.
This is an AE which is an abnormality of the structure of brain.
This is an AE which is an important feature that can be measured using various imaging modalities including X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
This is an AE which occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain.
This is an AE which is a mass of brain cells (tumor) that lacks the ability to either invade neighboring tissue or metastasize (spread throughout the body).
This is an AE which is commonly called brain cancer and they invade and destroy the surrounding tissue, may form metastases and, if untreated or unresponsive to treatment, will generally prove fatal.
This is an AE which is excess accumulation of fluid (edema) in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain.
This is an AE which is an auditory evoked potential extracted from ongoing electrical activity in the brain and recorded via electrodes placed on the scalp.
This is an AE which falls under the broader category of stroke syndromes, or specific symptoms caused by vascular injury to an area of brain (for example, the lacunar syndromes).
This is an AE which is most commonly due to occlusion of the posterior circulation or mass effect from intrinsic space-occupying lesions.
This is an AE which is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of any age human, including a newborn baby secondary to rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum.
This is an AE which is a major abnormality in the shape of head compared to the normal shape of that part.
This is an AE which is related to medical factors and early neurobehavior, but it may not be a good predictor of outcome when used in isolation.
This is an AE which is tremor of the head and is of cerebellar origin.
This is an AE which is a condition in which circumference of the human head is abnormally large.
This is an AE which is a medical condition involving a smaller-than-normal head and may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life.
This is an AE which is a condition characterized by an asymmetrical distortion (flattening of one side) of the skull.
This is an AE which is an asymmetric deformation of skull due to various reasons; first birth, assisted labor, multiple pregnancy, prematurity, congenital muscular torticollis and position of head.
This is an AE which is a condition that affects the development of the human brain by multiple small gyri (microgyri) creating excessive folding of the brain leading to an abnormally thick cortex.
This is an AE which is a progressive, degenerative, genetic disease with multiple types, each of which could be considered a neurological condition in its own right.
This is an AE whichis a diverse group of rare, slowly progressive, neurological diseases, often inherited but of incompletely understood pathophysiology, which affect the cerebellum and its related pathways.
This is an AE which is a rare childhood neurological syndrome and is characterized by the sudden or gradual development of aphasia (the inability to understand or express language) and an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG).
This is an AE which is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions.
This is an AE which is a type of severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than 40.0 °C (104.0 °F).
This is an AE which is the most common type of ischaemic stroke, resulting from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to the brain's deep structures.
This is an AE which is sudden damage to the brain caused by a blow or jolt and it has one of the highest mortality and disability rates in the world.
This is an AE which is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in a young infant's skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull.
This is an AE which is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.
This is an AE which is bicoronal craniosynostosis is characterized by a wide, short skull.
This is an AE which is encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus.
This is an AE which is meningitis associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV).
This is an AE which is a medical condition that simultaneously resembles both meningitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the meninges, and encephalitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the brain.
This is an AE which is characterized by recurrent clinical seizures and prominent interictal epileptiform discharges seen during the early infantile period.
This is an AE which is a type of meningitis due to a herprs zoster infection.
This is an AE which is tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area.
This is an AE which is a particular abnormal change in appearance of white matter near the lateral ventricles.
This is an AE which is a group of usually inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of the white matter in the brain.
This is an AE which is a form of encephalitis, a disease characterized by inflammation of the brain.
This is an AE which is the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.
This is an AE which is typically a slow-growing tumor that forms from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
This is an AE which is a set of symptoms similar to those of meningitis but not caused by meningitis.
This is an AE which is usually lethal unless appropriate antibiotics that cross the blood-brain barrier are given.
This is an AE which is a potentially fatal fungal infection of mainly the lungs, presenting as a pneumonia, and brain, where it appears as a meningitis.
This is an AE which is a form of bacterial meningitis caused by the Haemophilus influenzae bacteria.
This is an AE which is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by herps.
This is an AE which is a form of bacterial meningitis.
This is an AE which is a viral disease caused by the mumps virus and complications include deafness and a wide range of inflammatory conditions, of which inflammation of the meninges.
This is an AE which is a serious medical condition in infants that is rapidly fatal if untreated.
This is an AE which continues to be associated with high rates of mortality and long-term neurological sequelae and the most common route of infection starts by nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which must avoid mucosal entrapment and evade the host immune system after local activation.
This is an AE which is a symptomatic meningitis infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type .
This is an AE which is a specific type of bacterial meningitis caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the meninges—the system of membranes which envelop the central nervous system.
This is an AE which is a type of meningitis due to a viral infection and it results in inflammation of the meninges.
This is an AE which is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy.
This is an AE which is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis.
This is an AE which describes infections caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.
This is an AE which is a lysosomal storage disease which is commonly listed in the family of leukodystrophies as well as among the sphingolipidoses as it affects the metabolism of sphingolipids.
This is an AE which refers to any syndrome or disorder of mental function whose cause is alleged to be known as organic (physiologic) rather than purely of the mind.
This is an AE which is a fibrosing and inflammatory process, which involves the dura mater.
This is an AE which is a form of encephalomyopathy that is associated with a mitochondrial disease.
This is an AE which represents a syndrome of temporary or permanent disturbance of brain functions that occurs in different diseases and varies in clinical presentation.
This is an AE which is a hyperacute and frequently fatal form of ADEM.
This is an AE which is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull.
This is an AE which is a localized softening of the substance of the brain, due to bleeding or inflammation.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
This is an AE which is defined by signs and symptoms of abnormal neurological function in the first few days of life in an infant born at term.
This is an AE which is a type of encephalitis that can result from a number of autoimmune diseases.
This is an AE which defines as an illness characterized by myoclonus, ataxia, nystagmus, oculomotor palsies, and bulbar palsy in various combinations, with or without neuroimaging.
This is an AE which is discovered in Kern County, California and causes encephalitis in humans.
This is an AE which is an important opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients but is rarely recognized in other groups.
This is an AE which is defined by the presence of an inflammatory process of the brain in association with clinical evidence of neurologic dysfunction caused by enteroviral.
This is an AE which is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).
This is an AE which is an atypical form of encephalitis.
This is an AE which is a viral disease caused by the mumps virus and may occur encephalitis.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, called encephalitis, by a virus.
This is an AE which is a brain injury in which scattered lesions occur over a widespread area in white matter tracts as well as grey matter.
This is an AE which is a rare endocrine condition featuring a low blood sodium concentration and dehydration in response to injury (trauma) or the presence of tumors in or surrounding the brain.
This is an AE which is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning.
This is an AE which is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct) with embolic.
This is an AE which is a neurological condition characterized by encephalopathy, thyroid autoimmunity, and good clinical response to corticosteroids.
This is an AE which is a cephalic disorder in which the prosencephalon (the forebrain of the embryo) fails to develop into two hemispheres.
This is an AE which is the common collective name for human betaherpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and human betaherpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) and can be associated with encephalitis in the case of immunocompromised patients.
This is an AE which is a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) with encephalomyelitis that is the consequence of cancer in the body, specifically due to the production of chemical signaling molecules (such as hormones or cytokines) by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor.
This is an AE which can result from neonatal encephalopathy and perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke, usually at term, but also in preterm infants.
This is an AE which is a form of white-matter brain injury, characterized by the necrosis (more often coagulation) of white matter near the lateral ventricles.
This is an AE which is a set of symptoms that may continue for weeks, months, or a year or more after a concussion – a mild form of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
This is an AE which is a neurologic disorder caused by exposure to neurotoxic organic solvents such as toluene, following exposure to heavy metals such as manganese, as a side effect of melarsoprol treatment for African trypanosomiasis, adverse effects to prescription drugs, or exposure to extreme concentrations of any natural toxin such as cyanotoxins found in shellfish or freshwater cyanobacteria crusts.
This is an AE which is a rare condition that is characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) to white matter (-leuko-) in the brain (-encephalo-), particularly myelin, due to causes such as exposure to substance use, environmental toxins, or chemotherapeutic drugs.
This is an AE which is a hyperacute and frequently fatal form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM).
This is an AE which is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by adenoviral.
This is an AE which is rare but well recognised entity usually manifesting 1-4 weeks after anoxic exposure and characteristic subcortical white matter demyelination with necrosis of globus pallidus.
This is an AE which is a structural defect in the cerebellum, characterized by a downward displacement of one or both cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum (the opening at the base of the skull).
This is an AE which is a motor disorder caused by damage to the brain (specifically the posterior parietal cortex or corpus callosum) which causes difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or movements.
This is an AE which represents a complex category of disease with diverse immunologic associations, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic outcomes.
This is an AE which is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system,It may also affect the peripheral nervous system, and has features in common with both Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain Barré syndrome.
This is an AE which is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive degenerative disorder that causes progressive damage to nerve cells and loss of white matter in the brain.
This is an AE which is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that presents as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis.
This is an AE which is an extremely rare cephalic disorder involving encephalomalacia.
This is an AE which is a rare condition in which parts of the brain are affected by swelling, usually as a result of an underlying cause.
posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome AE
This is an AE which is commonly associated with significant morbidity.
This is an AE which is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal).
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy AE
This is an AE which is a rare inflammatory neurological disease, characterized by frequent and severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and dementia.
This is an AE which is a common complication in septic patients and clinical presentation may range from mild confusion and disorientation to convulsions and deep coma.
This is an AE which is a rare benign disease that can cause myelopathy.
This is an AE which is either caused by trauma including that arising from medical interventions or spontaneously sometimes in those with predisposing conditions.
spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak syndrome AE
This is an AE which can present with a variety of sensory deficits that can be difficult to diagnose clinically because of their seemingly disconnected manifestations.
This is an AE which is an injury to the brain caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is a disease linked to the X chromosome and is a result of fatty acid buildup caused by a defect in the very long chain of fatty acids transporter in peroxisomes, which then causes damage to the myelin sheath of the nerves, resulting in seizures and hyperactivity.
This is an AE which means any disorder or disease of the brain caused by AIDs, especially chronic degenerative conditions.
This is an AE which is a communication disorder resulting in incoherent talkativeness.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the pituitary, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of pituitary tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is tumors that occur in the pituitary gland.
This is an AE which is a pituitary mass of cells (tumor) that lacks the ability to either invade neighboring tissue or metastasize (spread throughout the body).
This is an AE which is characterized by the absence of a subjacent cerebral lesion and neurological or intellectual deficit.
This is an AE which is seizures which affect initially only one hemisphere of the brain.
This is an AE which is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures.
This is an AE which is a single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or two or more seizures within a five-minute period without the person returning to normal between them.
This is an AE which is common, particularly in the setting of medically refractory epilepsy.
This is an AE which is primarily a disorder of childhood.
This is an AE which is a neurological disorder that is characterized by brief, recurring seizures that arise in the frontal lobes of the brain, often while the patient is sleeping.
This is an AE which should be recognized as a discrete epileptic syndrome.
This is an AE which is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain caused by hyperglycaemic .
This is an AE which is divided into simple and dyscognitive, with the latter resulting in the alteration of consciousness.
This is an AE which is the most common epilepsy syndrome in childhood.
This is an AE which is subdivided into syndromes based on clinical and EEG features.
This is an AE which is a type of seizure that consists of partial or complete loss of muscle tone that is caused by temporary alterations in brain function.
This is an AE which is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain and is psychogenic .
This is an AE which is condition that affects one side of the body.
This is an AE which is a complication of migraine (with or without aura), representing an attack that lasts for more than 72 h.
This is an AE which is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye.
This is an AE which is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.
This is an AE which is basal ganglia tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area.
This is an AE which is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.
This is an AE which is an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant and it is depressed.
This is an AE which case as a patient with a bulging fontanelle, normal neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and absence of a depressed level of consciousness, focal neurologic findings, or identified cause.
This is an AE which includes achondroplasia, hypothyroidism, Down syndrome, increased intracranial pressure, and rickets.
This is an AE which has itself since been replaced by other terms
This is an AE which is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomata.
This is an AE which is any of three medical signs, all of which may occur in meningitis or meningism.
This is an AE which is the yellowish appearance of cerebrospinal fluid that occurs several hours after bleeding into the subarachnoid space caused by certain medical conditions, most commonly subarachnoid hemorrhage.
This is an AE which is a fatal degenerative brain disorder.
This is an AE which is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that results when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water intake.
This is an AE which is an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment and its maybe lead atrial fibrillation.
This is an AE which is any cardiovascular disease process involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left side of heart and the pulmonic and tricuspid valves on the right side of heart).
This is an AE which are systemic diseases frequently affecting the heart and vessels.
This is an AE which can be measured locoregionally to produce a map of systolic activity that reproduces the complex way in which the ventricle contracts.
This is an AE which during thoracic surgery can have profound hemodynamic consequences and lead to devastating neurologic injury.
This is an AE which is a devastating neurological disease for which there is no effective therapy.
This is an AE which is a fluid-filled space surrounding certain blood vessels in several organs, including the brain,potentially having an immunological function, but more broadly a dispersive role for neural and blood-derived messengers.
enlarged cerebral perivascular spaces AE
This is an AE which is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation and it is diffuse.
This is an AE which is a group of disorders with with necrotising that destroy blood vessels by inflammation .
This is an AE which is a mechanical occlusion of the extracranial vertebral artery(VA)due to physiological movement of the head and neck.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which injury to the large or small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply.
This is an AE which is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system and heart is feel discomfortable.
This is an AE which is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal arterial parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue.
This is an AE which is a rare complication in angiosarcoma.
This is an AE which is a syndrome defined as the new onset (de novo heart failure (HF)) or worsening (acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF)) of symptoms and signs of HF, mostly related to systemic congestion.
This is an AE which is a type of respiratory failure characterized.
This is an AE which is a usually benign vascular tumor derived from blood liver vessel cell types.
This is an AE which is a usually benign vascular tumor derived from bone blood vessel cell types.
This is an AE which is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein and the connection or passageway may be occlusion.
This is an AE which is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein.
This is an AE which is an abnormally dilated vessel occured on splenic with a tortuous course and haemorrhagic.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on pregnancy.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels occured on subcutaneous.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels occured on subepidermal.
This is an AE which is characterized by various clinical manifestations and immunologic abnormalities.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the pleuro pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).
This is an AE which is the formation of a pulmonary artery blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
This is an AE which is usually refers drug withdrawal such as clonidine.
This is an AE which is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems especially kidneys.
This is an AE which it is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets with haemangioma.
haemangioma-thrombocytopenia syndrome AE
This is an AE which refers to a blood pressure measurements and is out of the range of 60-80mmHg at adults.
This is an AE which is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.
This is an AE which is characterized by excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated with physical symptoms with cardiovascular.
cardiovascular somatic symptom disorder AE
This is an AE which is a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with epilepsy or migraine with cardiovascular.
This is an AE which is a medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate (tachycardia) or other cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm using electricity or drugs.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the heart.
This is an AE which is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to pump effectively occured on neonatal.
This is an AE which is a medical diagnosis of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, bloody sputum, or shortness of breath due to congestive heart failure.
This is an AE which is an injury to the heart as the result of blunt trauma, typically to the anterior chest wall.
This is an AE which is a set of manifestations caused by the failure of the heart's function as a pump supporting the blood flow through the body; its signs and symptoms result from a structural and/or functional abnormality of the heart, that disrupts its filling with blood or its ejecting of it during each heart beat
This is an AE which is a long-term condition, usually kept stable by the treatment of symptoms.
This is an AE which is an irregular and uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of atria.
This is an AE which a common abnormal heart rhythm.
This is an Ae which is thickening of the walls of a ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart.
This is an AE which refers to an abnormal intrathoracic position of the heart.
This is an AE which is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself.
This is an AE which is a term used in cardiac physiology that describes the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, by the left and right ventricle, per unit time.
This is an AE which is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the heart becomes thickened without an obvious cause.
This is an AE which is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart (where the aorta begins), such that problems result.
This is an AE which is a medical emergency resulting from inadequate blood flow due to the dysfunction of the ventricles of the heart.
This is an AE which refers to a cluster of related risk factors for cardiovascular disease that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol.
This is an AE which is a technique in which a machine temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the patient's body.
This is an AE which is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to pump effectively.
This is an AE which is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to pump effectively at neonatal.
This is an AE which is a failure of smooth muscle fibers to relax, which can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to remain closed.
This is an AE which has been a useful index of cardiac dilatation, and a value of 50% is generally considered to indicate the upper limit of normal cardiac size.
This is an AE which is a congenital malformation in which the heart is abnormally located either partially or totally outside of the thorax.
This is an AE which is some of the commonest congenital disorders seen in prenatal life and they can be anatomical or functional and can develop de novo or as a consequence of either maternal or fetal disease.
This is an AE which occurs when transplanted heart is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted heart .
This is an AE which is a one-way valve that normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart and its functions are incompleted.
This is an AE which is a type of complications of high blood pressure that affect the heart.
This is an AE which includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation caused by hypertensive.
This is an AE which is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys).
This is an AE which is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure.
This is an AE which includes a number of complications of high blood pressure that affect the heart.
This is an AE which is a clinical situation in which blood pressure is very high (e.g., 220/125 mmHg) with minimal or no symptoms, and no signs or symptoms indicating acute organ damage.
This is an AE which refers to valvular heart disease resulting from rheumatic fever.
This is an AE which moved from hearts with only one ventricle connected with atria [double inlet ventricle or absent atrioventricular (AV) connection] to hearts not amenable to biventricular repair, namely hearts with two ventricles unable to sustain separately pulmonary and systemic circulations in sequence.
This is an AE which is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease when other medical or surgical treatments have failed and the surgical appear complications.
This is an AE which is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull.
This is an AE which is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system with haemorrhagic.
haemorrhagic arteriovenous malformation AE
This is an AE which is bleeding within the skull.
This is an AE which is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen caused by haemorrhagic.
This is an AE which is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct) with haemorrhagic.
This is an AE which having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue and haemorrhagic .
This is an AE which is a rare form of bleeding disorder that affects newborns and young infants due to low stores of vitamin K at birth.
This is an AE which is the consequences of haemostasis dysfunction or defects.
This is an AE which is tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood with haemorrhagic supply to the affected area .
This is an AE which appears as a complex cystic mass arising from an ovary, with a reticular pattern of internal echoes representing internal fibrin strands.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli with haemorrhagic .
This is an AE which is part of the natural history of some forms of ischaemic infarction, especially cerebral embolism, but it can be precipitated or enhanced by therapeutic interventions used in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke.
This is an AE which is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps with haemorrhagic.
This is an AE which is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation with haemorrhagic .
This is an AE which is cushions of submucosal vascular tissue located in the anal canal starting just distal to the dentate line and the anal canal is with haemorrhage.
This is an AE which is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding.
This is an AE which is a condition of unrecognized origin which can become extremely serious and whose diagnosis is often made during perinatal autopsy and is often characterised by nonspecific clinical manifestations and a long delay before biological presentation.
This is an AE which is a condition that occurs when blood enters the front (anterior) chamber of the eye between the iris and the cornea.
This is an AE which is a loss of blood from a blood vessel that collects inside the body.
This is an AE which is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space.
This is an AE which is a devastating cause of stroke and is a devastating injury for which prompt, effective treatment can impact meaningful survival.
This is an AE which is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space occurs on neonatal.
This is an AE which refers to a part of the eye with haemorrhage.
This is an AE which is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs and the membrane is haemorrhage.
This is an AE which is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs and the membrane is hyperaemia.
This is an AE which can cause complications such as nerve injury, compartment syndrome, myositis ossificans, pseudotumour, and even infection (abscess).
This is an AE which is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach and the organ is haemorrhage.
This is an AE which is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas with hemorrhagic.
This is an AE which is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity with haemorrhage.
This is an AE which is often associated with high morbidity and mortality and serves as an important clinical predictor of poor outcomes after intracranial haemorrhage (ICH).
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the anus and the lining of the rectum with haemorrhagic, affecting only the last 6 inches of the rectum.
This is an AE which is all the tissue in the body that is not hardened by the processes of ossification or calcification with haemorrhage.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels occured on splenic.
This is an AE which is a recognized characteristic physical sign of endocarditis and other systemic conditions associated with splinter haemorrhages include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, peptic ulcer disease, malignancies, use of the oral contraceptive pill, pregnancy and psoriasis .
This is an AE which is bleeding into the subarachnoid space the neonatal area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain.
This is an AE which is bleeding beneath the chorion membranes that enclose the embryo in the uterus and appears to occur due to partial detachment of the chorion membranes from the wall of the uterus.
This is an AE which is a type of bleeding in which a collection of blood—usually associated with a traumatic brain injury—gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the meninges surrounding the brain.
This is an AE which is usually considered a single entity although the thalamus is composed of anatomically as well as functionally discrete subregions receiving blood from different arteries.
This is an AE which is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause.
This is an AE which is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels and the data is fluctuation.
This is an AE which is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable secondary cause.
This is an AE which is the development of new hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks' gestation without the presence of protein in the urine or other signs of pre-eclampsia.
This is an AE which is defined as systolic and/or diastolic BPs persistently equal to or greater than the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height.
This is an AE which is a medical condition consisting of a sudden and abrupt increase in blood pressure (BP) when a person stands up.
This is an AE which is defined by the coexistence of portal and pulmonary hypertension and is a serious complication of liver disease, present in 0.25 to 4% of all patients suffering from cirrhosis.
This is an AE which is a condition in which high blood pressure is caused by the kidneys' hormonal response to narrowing of the arteries supplying the kidneys.
This is an AE which is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP).
This is an AE which is a form of labile hypertension in which people exhibit a blood pressure level above the normal range, in a clinical setting, although they do not exhibit it in other settings.
This is an AE which is a usually benign vascular tumor occurs on intracranialderived from blood vessel cell types .
This is an AE which occurs when there are unexpected changes in blood pressure.
This is an AE which is an ultrasound (US) visible lesion of the brain, which appears as echogenic streaks or spots in the arteries of thalamus and basal ganglia.
This is an AE which is inflammation of small blood vessels (usually post-capillary venules in the dermis), characterized by palpable purpura and it is the most common vasculitis seen in clinical practice.
This is an AE which refers to the subset of disorders affecting the structure and function of the coronary microcirculation, is prevalent in patients across a broad spectrum of cardiovascular risk factors, and is associated with an increased risk of adverse events.
microvascular coronary artery disease AE
This is an AE which is a cutaneous condition that presents as slowly growing, multiple, discrete but grouped, red to violaceous papules.
This is an AE which constitutes a prevalent, chronic, and progressive retinal degenerative disease of the macula that affects elderly people and cause central vision impairment.
neovascular age-related macular degeneration AE
This is an AE which is the natural formation of new blood vessels (neo- + vascular + -ization), usually in the form of functional microvascular networks, capable of perfusion by red blood cells, that form to serve as collateral circulation in response to local poor perfusion or ischemia.
This is an AE which is a skin condition characterized by crops of small, tender, erythematous nodules on the legs, mostly on the calves and shins.
This is an AE which encompass a large and diverse group of underlying pathologies ranging from venous thromboembolism to congenital malformations to inflammatory vasculitides.
This is an AE which encompasses inflammation in the pulmonary vasculature with involved vessels varying in caliber from large elastic arteries to capillaries.
reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome AE
This is an AE which is skin condition that is a typical feature of rheumatoid arthritis, presenting as peripheral vascular lesions that are localized purpura, cutaneous ulceration, and gangrene of the distal parts of the extremities.
This is an AE which is an area of swelling (edema) of the lower layer of small bowel tissue just under the skin or mucous membranes.
This is an AE which are rare and constitute only 1% to 2% of all vascular neurologic pathologies.
This is an AE which is a form of dysautonomia characterized by an inappropriate drop in blood pressure while in the upright position.
This is an AE which refers to a recognized group of birth defects which tend to co-occur (see below).
This is an AE which is a skin condition characterized by fixed urticarial lesions that appear histologically as a vasculitis.
This is an AE which is any of a range of lesions from a simple birthmark to a large tumor that may be disfiguring.
This is an AE which is a complex and highly regulated process that involves activation of cellular signaling pathways, circulating inhibitors of calcification, genetic factors, and hormones.
This is an AE which means any disorder or disease of the brain vascular , especially chronic degenerative conditions.
This is an AE which is a surgical procedure performed to redirect blood flow from one area to another by reconnecting blood vessels.
This is an AE which is the use of transplanted or prosthetic blood vessels in surgical procedures and after surgical appears complication.
This is an AE which is an outdated term to describe certain types of headache which were thought to be related to blood vessel swelling and hyperemia as cause of pain.
This is an AE which is a devastating complication of acute knee dislocation.
This is an AE which is a blood vessel or lymph vessel abnormality. Vascular malformations are one of the classifications of vascular anomalies, the other grouping is vascular tumors.
This is an AE which is a tumor of vascular origin; a soft tissue growth that can be either benign or malignant, formed from blood vessels or lymph vessels.
This is an AE which is when there is a local hematoma being contained by the surrounding tissue around an vascular artery.
This is an AE which is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure.
This is an AE which is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture and causes by vascular disease.
This is an AE which is vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessel wall) involving the brain and occasionally the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
This is an AE which is excess accumulation of fluid (edema) in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the vasogenic brain.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the inner part of the nose that is not caused by an allergy.
This is an AE which is a postperfusion syndrome characterized by low systemic vascular resistance and a high cardiac output.
This is an AE which refers to a condition in which an arterial spasm leads to vasoconstriction.
This is an AE which is a type of arrhythmia.
This is an AE which is a device used in neurosurgery to treat hydrocephalus and relieve elevated intracranial pressure when the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the brain is obstructed.
This is an AE which refers to a condition where the left atrium or right atrium of the heart is larger than would be expected. It can also affect both atria.
This is an AE which is an arrhythmia, more specifically a tachycardia affecting the ventricles with a rate over 250-350 beats/min, and one of the most indiscernible.
This is an AE which is one of the classifications of movement disorders causes by ventricular disease, and refers to decreased bodily movement .
This is an AE which is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart.
This is an AE which consists of multiple, radially oriented dilated medullary veins that drain into a transparenchymal venous stem.
This is an AE which is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation caused by viral.
This is an AE which is a rare hemorrhagic diathesis, with clinical symptoms similar to those associated with the inherited form von Willebrand disease and syndrome is characterized by a lack of previous bleeding symptoms, negative familial history, and occurrence in a relatively older age.
This is an AE which is small, reddish brown or even flesh-colored, smooth, shiny, 0.1 to 0.3 cm papules present over the sides of the nose and the medial portions of the cheeks.
This is an AE which is a mature T-cell lymphoma of blood or lymph vessel immunoblasts characterized by a polymorphous lymph node infiltrate showing a marked increase in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs) and systemic involvement.
This is an AE which is the most common benign tumour of the kidney.
This is an AE which is a rare and aggressive cancer that starts in the endothelial cells that line the walls of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.
This is an AE which is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body.
This is an AE which is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye.
This is an AE which is any disease that has the connective tissues of the body as a target of pathology.
This is an AE which can be arbitrarily divided into micro- and macrovascular complications, the major microvascular complications being nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy.
This is an AE which is an extremely rare autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of small and medium-sized blood vessels (vasculitis) in persons with a history of airway allergic hypersensitivity (atopy).
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis AE
This is an AE which is the rupturing (lysis) of intravascular red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma) .
This is an AE which is a rare, benign tumor. It may mimic an angiosarcoma, with lesions that are red or purplish 5-mm to 5-cm papules and deep nodules on the head, neck, or upper extremities.
intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia AE
This is an AE which is the natural formation of new iris blood vessels (neo- + vascular + -ization), usually in the form of functional microvascular networks, capable of perfusion by red blood cells, that form to serve as collateral circulation in response to local poor perfusion or ischemia.
This is an AE which is a rare anatomical variant in which the aortic arch is on the right side rather than on the left. During normal embryonic development, the aortic arch is formed by the left fourth aortic arch and the left dorsal aorta.
This is an AE which occurs late after the modified Fontan procedure is frequently associated with low output states, supraventricular arrhythmias, and atrial thrombus formation.
This is an AE which is a form of cardiomegaly, or heart enlargement.
This is an AE which may can result in a lack of emotional prosody or intonation when speaking. Right hemisphere damage also has grave effects on understanding discourse and have a reduced ability to generate inferences, comprehend and produce main concepts, and a reduced ability to manage alternative meanings.
This is an AE which is defined as a peak echo-Doppler gradient at least 30 mmHg across the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and included any postoperative surgical or percutaneous interventional procedure to address any right-sided outflow obstruction.
right ventricle outflow tract obstruction AE
This is an AE which is an accepted indication of ASD closure and several studies have reported that transcatheter ASD closure results in RV remodeling and exercise capacity improvement .
This is an AE which is a condition defined by an abnormal enlargement of the cardiac muscle surrounding the right ventricle.
This is an AE which is an abnormal, congenital heart murmur caused by subaortic stenosis (SAS).
This is an AE which is a congenital obstructive narrowing of the aorta just above the aortic valve and is the least common type of aortic stenosis.
This is an AE which has been defined by Abbot as a condition in which the arterial vessels in the greater circulation remain abnormally small.
This is an AE which is the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries on aortic.
This is an AE which is the abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of blood in an aortic artery due to either an area of partial obstruction or a localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed aortic bruit artery.
This is an AE which refers to the widening of luminal diameter in aortic blood vessels.
This is an AE which could interfere with the classification of TEVAR complications.
This is an AE which clotted blood which lines most aortic aneurysms can break off and result in an embolus.
This is an AE which due to aortic thrombosis is a rare condition which is often life-threatening. and occurs most commonly in individuals who are predisposed to cardiovascular diseases.
This is an AE which is the rupture or breakage of the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
This is an AE which refers to the calcification in and around the aortic valve can progress and extend to involve the electrical conduction system of the heart in calcific aortic stenosis.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of anaortic wall due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the aortic walland the disorder is potentially life-threatening and rare.
This is an AE which is a congenital condition whereby the aorta is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum after regression) inserts.
This is an AE which is where the capillaries, usually of the legs or lungs, are inflamed.
This is an AE which is a small blood vessel from 5 to 10 micrometres (μm) in diameter, and having a wall one endothelial cell thick and its may become disorder.
This is an AE which might be a useful clinical sign for screening Zika virus infection.
This is an AE which is a combination of both myocarditis and pericarditis appearing in a single individual, namely inflammation of both the pericardium and the heart muscle.
This is an AE which is an abnormal dilatation of pericardium of the heart.
This is an AE which is a pathological wound healing on the pericardial in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue.
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by a thickened, fibrotic pericardium, limiting the heart's ability to function normally.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart)and may be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infection.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart)caused by meningococcal.
This is an AE which is a form of pericarditis and caused by tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose, because definitive diagnosis requires culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis from aspirated pericardial fluid or pericardial biopsy, which requires high technical skill and is often not diagnostic (the yield from culture is low even with optimum specimens).
This is an AE which is a localised infection of the pericardial space associated with purulent pericardial fluid.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).
This is an AE which occurs by direct infection during trauma, thoracic surgery, or catheter drainage, by spread from an intrathoracic, myocardial, or subdiaphragmatic focus, and by hematogenous dissemination.
This is an AE which is a restriction in blood supply to brain stem tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply.
This is an AE which is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the ischaemic brain (cerebral infarct).
This is an AE which is a recognized complication of prolonged periods of interruption of the coronary circulation during open-heart surgery.
ischemic contracture of the left ventricle AE
This is an AE which is a clinical syndrome frequently encountered in critically ill patients that represents a complication of underlying cardiac, circulatory, or respiratory failure.
This is an AE which is a dangerous condition, most often caused by diminished tissue perfusion.
This is an AE which is a devastating complication after open or endovascular aortic repair for thoracoabdominal aortic disease.
This is an AE which is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.
This is an AE which is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary artery valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop .
This is an AE which can occur from many causes, including abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics, hypoxemia, trauma, and vasculitis.
This is an AE which is not a rare condition, is mostly asymptomatic in the absence of a peripheral VA, is strongly associated with diabetes and is promoted by long TCC carriage.
This is an AE which is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system.
This is an AE which refers to enlargement of the left atrium (LA) of the heart, and is a form of cardiomegaly.
This is an AE which is thickening of the heart muscle of the left ventricle of the heart, that is, left-sided ventricular hypertrophy.
This is an AE which is the most common and the most serious complication and is associated with increased morbidity, short- and long-term mortality, and healthcare resource utilization.
This is an AE which commonly refers to the excess deposition of extracellular matrix in the cardiac muscle, but the term may also refer to an abnormal thickening of the heart valves due to inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts.
This is an AE which is defined as a myocardial:skeletal signal intensity ratio >1.9.
This is an AE which is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re- + perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).
This is an AE which is an uncommon cause of infectious myocarditis and is usually seen in the context of overwhelming sepsis or as part of a specific bacterial syndrome.
This is an AE which is the result of an immune response to a microbial infection of the heart.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the heart muscle with septic.
This is an AE which is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate occurs on foetal.
This is an AE which is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
This is an AE which can range from nonspecific symptoms of fatigue and shortness of breath to more aggressive symptoms that mimic acute coronary syndrome.
This is an AE which is the most severe form of hypertension, defined clinically by very high blood pressure (diastolic above 130 mm Hg) accompanied by bilateral retinal hemorrhages and/or exudates, with or without papilledema.
This is an AE which is a ventricular rhythm with a rate of between 40 and 120 beats per minute.
This is an AE which is defined as abnormal heart rates in the neonatal period and they may occur as a result of various cardiovascular, systemic and metabolic problems.
This is an AE which is one of the main causes of medical consultation and they may also be the clinical presentation of various cardiovascular diseases and a marker of sudden death.
This is an AE which is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.
This is an AE which a relatively uncommon arrhythmia that is nonetheless increasingly seen in elderly people of developed countries, due to the increase in life expectancy.
This is an AE which is characterized by a deficiency of the atrioventricular septum of the heart.
This is an AE which comprise a group of abnormalities seen on the electrocardiogram (ECG) that often confuse clinicians and may conceal potentially lethal disease entities, such as acute myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac impulses normally originate in the sinoatrial (SA) node and then are conducted through atrial tissue to the atrioventricular (AV) node and into the bundle of His.
This is an AE which is thickening of the walls of a ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart and shows up on the ECG .
This is an AE which is a rare heart disorder usually occurring in children two years old and younger.
This is an AE which refers to the excess deposition of extracellular matrix in the cardiac muscle, but the term may also refer to an abnormal thickening of the heart valves due to inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium caused by viral.
This is an AE which is inflammation in the heart muscle that is caused by the infiltration and destructive activity of a type of white blood cell, the eosinophil.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing of arteries other than those that supply the heart or brain.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing in a arterial blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of an arterial wall due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which defined by a severe reversible diffuse or focal vasoconstriction is the most common diagnosis among INOCA (ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease) patients irrespective to racial, genetic, and geographic variations.
This is an AE which is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system.
This is an AE which is responsible for stenosis, occlusion or aneurysms, and occur in the coronary artery, causing myocardial infarction.
This is an AE which is an abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum.
This is an AE which is a common disease in the medical practice of dermatologists and phlebologists.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which superficial veins become enlarged and twisted.
This is an AE which is a common injury that results from repeated use of intravenous injections.
This is an AE which is a class of disease involving veins of the circulatory system.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on vein often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is all in the cylindric axis.
This is an AE which is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a vena cava blood vessel.
This is an AE which is damage to the vena cava caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is the process of obtaining intravenous access for the purpose of venous blood sampling (also called phlebotomy) or intravenous therapy.
This is an AE which is the rare congenital disorders but the parotid gland VLMs are the rarest.
This is an AE which is a potentially life-threatening condition in which some of the small veins in the liver are obstructed.
This is an AE which is a benign phenomenon.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged venous blood vessels.
This is an AE which can refer to varicose veins ,chronic venous insufficiency and venous stasis.
This is an AE which is a generally solitary, soft, compressible, dark blue to violaceous, 0.2- to 1-cm papule commonly found on sun-exposed surfaces of the vermilion border of the lip, face and ears.
This is an AE which is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
This is an AE which is a condition of slow blood flow in the veins, usually of the legs.
This is an AE which is observed within 20 mm of the junction to the adjacent draining sinus.
This is an AE which can avoid prolonged second stage of labour, birth asphyxia in the presence of foetal distress or maternal pushing where contraindicated.
This is an AE which may contribute to posterior circulation ischemic events, especially when other risk factors coexist.
This is an AE which describes a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow (ischemia) in the posterior circulation of the brain.
This is an AE which is syndrome caused by ischemia of the anterior spinal artery, resulting in loss of function of the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is associated with a high risk of disability and mortality.
This is an AE which is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a carotid blood vessel wall but it is ruptured.
This is an AE which is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a carotid artery blood vessel wall.
This is an AE which is often implicated in primary ischemic stroke secondary to thrombosis or embolism and may indicate concurrent cardiovascular disease.
This is an AE which refers blockage of a carotid artery blood vessel.
This is an AE which is a long lasting and continuously evolving disease with multiple clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to stable angina, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure (HF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD).
This is an AE which is a surgical procedure to restore normal blood flow to an obstructed coronary artery.
This is an AE which is an abnormal dilatation of part of the coronary artery.
This is an AE which occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
This is an AE which involves the reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to build-up of plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries of the heart.
This is an AE which occurs when an injury to the innermost layer of the coronary aorta allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing the layers apart.
This is an AE which is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a femoral artery blood vessel.
This is an AE which refers blockage of a femoral artery blood vessel.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of large blood vessels.
This is an AE which refers blockage of a iliac vein blood vessel.
peripheral arterial occlusive disease AE
This is an AE which refers blockage of a peripheral artery blood vessel.
This is an AE which refers blockage of a peripheral vein blood vessel.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs.
This is an AE which presents in the umbilical cord.
This is an AE which is a significant form of peripheral artery disease, which may be a marker of diffuse atherosclerosis and increased risk for cardiovascular events.
This is an AE which is a form of large vessel granulomatous vasculitis with massive intimal fibrosis and vascular narrowing, most commonly affecting young or middle-age women of Asian descent, though anyone can be affected.
This is an AE which is a rare form of congenital heart disease that presents at birth.
This is an AE which is a congenital defect of the pulmonary veins.
anomalous pulmonary venous connection AE
This is an AE which is the catheter site inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs.
This is an AE which is a frequent finding in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and may be produced by various mechanisms.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ such as inferior vena cava or structure such as foramina and canals.
This is an AE which is the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system via visualization of the internal jugular vein.
This is an AE which is the most common type of congenital vascular malformation.
This is an AE which may be an ocular complication of Buerger's disease.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of a vein and is deep.
This is an AE which is a small local, usually rounded, calcification within a vein.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of portal tract tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is a rare finding on radiological exams.
This is an AE which results in venous hypertension with the formation of intra- and extrarenal collaterals and/or the development of gonadal vein reflux.
This is an AE which is the lodging of an renal vein embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel.
This is an AE which has been often reported to be associated with acute decompensated heart failure and, to our knowledge.
This is an AE which is characterized clinically by a local syndrome in an arm, the chest or a leg, by an irregular temperature (toothsaw curve), by blood cultures that are simultaneously or successively positive for one or several pathogenic microorganisms, by repeated, multiple infected embolism and by the possibility of endocarditis as a complication.
This is an AE which is a vein that is close to the surface of the body and is prominent.
This is an AE which is important features of advanced heart failure.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the visceral tissue.
This is an AE which is pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal viscera (organs).
This is an AE which is a prolapse or a sinking of the abdominal viscera (internal organs) below their natural position.
This is an AE which is a group of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) usually caused by a malfunction of the sinus node, the heart's primary pacemaker.
This is an AE which is an abnormal growth of sinus tissue projecting from a mucous membrane.
This is an AE which is any cardiac rhythm in which depolarisation of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node.
This is an AE which is a commonly encountered variation of normal sinus rhythm.
This is an AE which is a form of iron overload disorder resulting in the accumulation of hemosiderin.
This is an AE which indicates accumulation of iron in the body from any cause.
This is an AE which maternal IgG antibodies with specificity for the ABO blood group system pass through the placenta to the fetal circulation where they can cause hemolysis of fetal red blood cells which can lead to fetal anemia and HDN.
This is an AE which is a condition of the mucous membranes characterized by the sudden appearance of one or more blood blisters within the oral cavity.
This is an AE which frequently results in death, prompt treatment may result in full recovery .
This is an AE which can damage the internal capsule and lead to high rates of disability and mortality.
This is an AE which is a type of prediabetes, in which a person's blood sugar levels during fasting are consistently above the normal range, but below the diagnostic cut-off for a formal diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
This is an AE which is the vomiting of blood.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels and is traumatic .
This is an AE which is the leakage of a fluid out of its container into the surrounding area, especially blood or blood cells from vessels.
This is an AE which refers a generic term for the presence of toxins in the blood caused by bacterial.
This is an AE which is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the perivascular skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash.
This is an AE which related to renal replacement therapy (HIRRT) is a frequent complication of all renal replacement therapy (RRT) modalities commonly used in the intensive care unit.
This is an AE which is a type of blister that forms when subdermal tissues and blood vessels are damaged without piercing the skin.
This is an AE which is a common manifestation of plasma cell disease, and it is sometimes caused by autoimmune diseases (AIDs).
This is an AE which is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes.
This is an AE which is a process of purifying the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally.
This is an AE which is a process to prevent and stop bleeding, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage).
This is an AE which is a rare congenital defect in which the major visceral organs are distributed abnormally within the chest and abdomen.
This is an AE which is a variant of asystole and is usually ventricular in origin.
This is an AE which resulting from dysfunction of the heart.
This is an AE which is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body's tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which the spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles.
This is an AE which is the most common type of ischemic stroke, resulting from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to the brain's deep structures.
This is an AE which is a congenital heart defect where the left atrium (cor triatriatum sinistrum) or right atrium (cor triatriatum dextrum) is subdivided by a thin membrane, resulting in three atrial chambers (hence the name).
This is an AE which is a defect of the bundle branches or fascicles in the electrical conduction system of the heart.
This is an AE which refers to cardiac arrest in which the electrocardiogram shows a heart rhythm that should produce a pulse, but does not. Pulseless electrical activity is found initially in about 55% of people in cardiac arrest.
blood pressure inadequately controlled AE
This is an AE which is the space in the skull within the neurocranium, occupied by the brain and the is imperfectly composed in newborns, to allow the large human head to pass through the birth canal.
This is an AE which is the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system and the organs are congenital malformation.
This is an AE which is a spectrum of conditions which is congenital caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) , a retrovirus.
This is an AE which is syphilis present in utero and at birth, and occurs when a child is born to a mother with syphilis and osteochondritis.
congenital syphilitic osteochondritis AE
This is an AE which is a condition thymus present at birth regardless of its cause.
This is an AE which is a family of birth defects of the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra.
congenital ureterovesical junction anomaly AE
This is an AE which is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth.
This is an AE which is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA.
This is an Ae which is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition.
This is an AE which is an extremely rare developmental anomaly with right and left hepatic ducts draining directly into the gallbladder (GB).
This is an AE which is a rare cause of primary adrenocortical failure which involved a broad spectrum of cellular and physiologic processes, including metabolism, nuclear protein import, oxidative stress defense-mechanisms, and regulation of cell cycle.
This is an AE which is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause and may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental.
This is an AE which is usually congenital and belong to the RASopathies and the genetic transmission patterns of AVMs are incomplete, but there are known genetic mutations (for instance in the epithelial line, tumor suppressor PTEN gene) which can lead to an increased occurrence throughout the body.
This is an AE which can have devastating clinical consequences and they can lead to oligohydramnios with subsequent lung hypoplasia and neonatal death.
This is an AE which is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells which was congenital.
This is an AE which is a rare condition in which a brain develops without the cerebellum.
This is an AE which is papillary neoplasms of neuroectodermal origin arising from the choroid plexus epithelium of the cerebral ventricles.
This is an AE which can be categorized into those with a lack of origin or ostial atresia, an abnormal origin such as an anomalous origin off the pulmonary artery or off an abnormal aortic sinus, or an anomalous course (such as a single coronary coursing between the pulmonary artery and aorta) or a coronary artery fistula.
congenital coronary artery malformation AE
This is an AE which is a congenital closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue .
This is an AE which comprise a spectrum of anomalies that include pulmonary sequestrations, congenital lobar emphysema, bronchogenic cysts, and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations.
This is an AE which refers to a condition where cytomegalovirus is transmitted in the prenatal period.
This is an AE which is rare and is a tumor that originates in the connective fibrous tissue found at the ends of long bones and then spreads to other surrounding soft tissues.
This is an AE which is a physical anomaly that is deleterious, i.e. foot defect perceived as a problem.
This is an AE which is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by generalized lack of adipose tissue either at birth or within the first year of life.
This is an AE which is frequent, usually isolated anomalies, but may exist as part of a syndrome.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver;it is a type of congenital viral hepatitis.
This is an AE which is rare, with congenital HSV infection by intrauterine infection accounting for <5% of cases of HSV infection in the perinatal period.
This is an AE which is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest.
This is an AE which is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain.
This is an AE which defined as congenital dilatation of one or more components of the renal collecting system, is detected in 1-2% of all pregnancies.
This is an AE which is thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth.
This is an AE which is an abnormality of the structure of jaw.
This is an AE which is a widely used term for a congenital malformation, i.e. a congenital, physical anomaly such as joint and is recognizable at birth, and which is significant enough to be considered a problem.
This is an AE which is an indication for complete evaluation to establish the cause of the airway obstruction.
This is an AE which is a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the intestine.
This is an AE which is a relatively rare and highly complex cardiac disease.
This is an AE which is a complex, etiologically diverse, clinical descriptor identified in a variety of diagnoses characterized by multiple congenital joint contractures.
This is an AE which is an abnormality of the structure of a body musculoskeletal part.
This is an AE which is a type of melanocytic nevus (or mole) found in infants at birth.
This is an AE which may be overt or subtle and can occasionally cause life-threatening emergencies at birth.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily at birth affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli .
This is an AE which represent a diverse group of abnormalities, ranging from asymptomatic incidental findings to causes of sudden cardiac death.
This is an AE which is a condition of increased blood pressure within the arteries of the lungs at birth.
This is an AE which is often the result of congenital malformations and is observed in isolation or as part of a larger pathologic process, as in Tetralogy of Fallot, Noonan syndrome, and congenital rubella syndrome.
This is an AE which is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause which occured on renal.
This is an AE which can occur in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted rubella, usually in the first trimester.
This is an AE which is syphilis present in utero and at birth, and occurs when a child is born to a mother with syphilis.
This is an AE which is a neoplasm containing tissues foreign to the site of origin or containing more than one embryonic germ cell layer.
This is an AE which can occurs spontaneous and excessive bleeding.
This is an AE which is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of platelet disorders that are characterized by thrombocytopenia since birth.
This is an AE which is a rare occurrence and associates with cleft palate may be considered as evidence of close interrelation of embryogenesis of the tongue and palate.
This is an AE which is defined as a contracture or fibrosis of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle, on one side, leading to a homolateral inclination and contralateral rotation of the face and chin.
This is an AE which is a type of congenital valvular heart disease in which the tricuspid valve of the heart, located between the right atrium and right ventricle, does not close completely when the right ventricle contracts (systole).
congenital tricuspid valve incompetence AE
This is an AE which is a health condition where the abdominal wall behind the navel is congenital damaged.
This is an AE which might be associated with a detrimental effect on the probability of pregnancy achievement, spontaneous abortion and on the obstetric outcome of each pregnancy.
This is an AE which is a congenital condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into one or both ureters and then to the renal calyx or kidneys.
This is an AE which is small dilated blood vessels that can occur near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter and is congenital. .
This is an AE which is often associated with abnormal PA hemodynamics including increased pressure drop (Δp) and reduced asymmetric flow (Q), which may result in right ventricular dysfunction.
This is an AE which is a congenital heart valve disorder. Blood going from the heart to the lungs goes through the pulmonary valve, whose purpose is to prevent blood from flowing back to the heart.
This is an AE which is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal.
This is an AE which is a congenital oral anomaly that may decrease the mobility of the tongue tip and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
This is an AE which is a rare disorder characterized by congenital absence of skin.
This is an AE which refers to a lens opacity which is present at birth.
This is an AE which may occur both as a unilateral and as a bilateral form with a family disposition for dacryostenosis.
This is an AE which is an abnormal difference in body structure.
This is an AE which is a group of non-communicableepilepsy congenital disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures.
This is an AE which is an abnormal difference in body structure and it can be related to a congenital disorder, genetic syndrome or birth defect.
This is an AE which is the heart block that is diagnosed in fetus (in utero) or within the first 28 days after birth (neonatal period), some studies also include the diagnosis during early childhood to the definition of CHB.
This is an AE which is the congenital abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.
This is an AE which may refer to an eye diseases :Vitelliform macular dystrophy, an irregular autosomal dominant eye disorder.
This is an AE which as a pilonidal variety that is of no neurosurgical significance and a deep version with extension to the central nervous system.
This is an AE which the hair loss typically presents itself as either a receding front hairline, loss of hair on the crown (vertex) of the scalp, or a combination of both.
This is an AE which is a disorder that results in recurrent attacks of severe swelling.
This is an AE which is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron, resulting in a pathological increase in total body iron stores.
This is an AE which is an abnormality of red blood cells, or erythrocytes and is a chronic disease with no cure.
This is an AE which is a set of rare brain disorders where the whole or parts of the surface of the brain appear smooth.
This is an AE which is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development.
This is an AE which is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain and is congenital.
This is an AE which forms a large class of genetic diseases involving congenital disorders of enzyme activities.
This is an AE which is the most common type of migraine, has great impacts on quality of life for migraineurs.
This is an AE which is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
This is an AE which is a severe, complex malformation of monozygotic twinning.
This is an AE which is the slowness of thought common to many disorders of the brain.
This is an AE which occurs when an organism is exceptionally small.
This is an AE which is a neurodegenerative disease that results in the progressive loss of motor neurons that control voluntary muscles.
familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AE
This is an AE which is a hereditary inflammatory disorder and is an autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in Mediterranean fever gene, which encodes a 781 amino acid protein called pyrin.
This is an AE which is a group of rare genetic diseases that lead to weakness or paralysis from common triggers such as cold, heat, high carbohydrate meals, not eating, stress or excitement and physical activity of any kind.
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by involuntary rhythmic contractions and relaxations (oscillations or twitching movements) of certain muscle groups in one or more body parts of unknown cause.
This is an AE which is an uncommon form of Alzheimer's disease that usually strikes earlier in life, defined as before the age of 65 (usually between 30 and 60 years of age) and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, identified by genetics and other characteristics such as the age of onset.
early onset familial alzheimer's disease AE
This is an AE which is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
This is an AE which is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA.
This is an AE which is caused by errors in fatty acid metabolism.
This is an AE which is inherited blood disorders characterized by decreased hemoglobin production.
This is an AE which is the inflammation, with effusion, of different serous membranes.
This is an AE which is a rare genetic disease that can affect many parts of the body, including the kidneys, heart, and skin.
This is an AE which is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac defects.
This is an AE which is the most common hereditary blood-clotting disorder in humans.
This is an AE which is an autosomal-recessive genetic disease that causes difficulty walking, a loss of sensation in the arms and legs, and impaired speech that worsens over time.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder in which glucocerebroside (a sphingolipid, also known as glucosylceramide) accumulates in cells and certain organs.
This is an AE which is a rare genetic disorder in which large sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (or GAGs or mucopolysaccharides) build up in body tissues.
This is an AE which is a common source for life-threatening infections,so it often feels discomfortable.
This is an AE which associated with ulcerative colitis (GDUC) is rare.
This is an AE which is a disease of a joint.
This is an AE which is a group of diseases involving rectosigmoid abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
This is an AE which is a medical disorder consisting of weak muscular contractions (peristalsis) of the stomach, resulting in food and liquid remaining in the stomach for a prolonged period of time.
This is an AE which is a rare non-neoplastic disorder characterized by fat necrosis, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis typically of the small bowel mesentery.
This is an AE which is an autoimmune disease of the liver.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the colon and is autoimmune.
This is an AE which is an outward bulging on the mesenteric artery wall, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall.
This is an AE which is an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment on the urinary tract .
urinary tract procedural complication AE
This is an AE which is an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment on the urinary tract stoma.
This is an AE which is defined as the involuntary retrograde passage of gastric contents into the esophagus with or without regurgitation or vomiting.
gastresophageal sphincter insufficiency AE
This is an AE which is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose and is discoloured.
This is an AE which is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct (CBD) (thus choledocho- + lithiasis).
This is an AE which is thin membranes occurring anywhere along the esophagus.
This is an AE which occurs because of involuntary contractions of the bladder smooth muscle after urinary catheterization.
This is an AE which refers to a mass of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx.
This is an AE which is the final act of digestion become disorder, by which organisms eliminate a solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material known as feces from the digestive tract via the anus.
This is an AE which is the final act of digestion and it is urgency, by which organisms eliminate a solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material known as feces from the digestive tract via the anus.
This is an AE which is a lack of control over defecation, leading to involuntary loss of bowel contents, both liquid stool elements and mucus, or solid feces.
This is an AE which is a more extreme form of fecal impaction, giving the accumulation an appearance of a tumor.
This is an AE which is the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine of humans, but has been further broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.
This is an AE which is the passage of fresh blood through the anus, usually in or with stools (contrast with melena).
This is an AE which determined by self-report, was defined as difficulty in passing stool, hard stool, straining for more than 15 min, or incomplete evacuation, occurring at least weekly.
This is an AE which is defined as the infrequent passage of stools or difficulty with evacuation of stools.
This is an AE which is defined as the infrequent passage of stools or difficulty with evacuation of stools after post procedural.
This is an AE which refres to stool has pus.
This is an AE which should be used to determine if an acute episode of diarrhea is invasive.
This is an AE which refers to the presence of white blood cells within or upon casts strongly suggests pyelonephritis, a direct infection of the kidney.
This is an AE which refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.
This is an AE which is voluntary or involuntary passage of feces outside of toilet trained contexts (fecal soiling) in children who are four years or older and after an organic cause has been excluded.
This is an AE which is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract.
This is an AE which infectious enteritis are caused by four pathogens, Norovirus, Rotavirus, Campylobacter and Salmonella.
This is an AE which is a segmental necrotizing infection of the jejunum and ileum caused by Clostridium perfringens, Type C.
This is an AE which is a infection of a genus of common Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition caused by enterobacter that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm.
This is an AE which is associated with large burdens of morbidity and mortality, particularly among fragile and immunosuppressed patients presenting complicated bacteraemia due to multidrug-resistant enterococci.
This is an AE which is a infection caused by a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.
This is an AE which include bacteremias when the infections are bacterial such as enterococcal when the infections are infections present in the blood.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the digestive tract caused by bacterial, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the digestive tract with haemorrhagic, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the digestive tract caused by viral, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon.
This is an AE which is an abnormal communication between the small or large bowel and the skin that allows the contents of the stomach or intestines to leak through an opening in the skin.
This is an AE which refers to range from mild to severe acute infections concerning several organ systems and are also associated with chronic diseases.
This is an AE which refers to a disorder involving the attachment of a tendon or ligament to a bone.
This is an AE which is a repeated inability to control urination.
This is an AE which is a rare entity characterized by the presence of a high eosinophilic infiltrate into the colonic wall in symptomatic patients, more often presenting with abdominal pain or diarrhea.
This is an AE which presents either with a chronic feeling of difficulty swallowing, with food moving slowly through the oesophagus, or as an acute food bolus obstruction requiring emergency attention.
This is an AE which refers to the infections are bacterial such as escherichia when the infections are infections present in the blood.
This is an AE whcih is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial such as escherichia infection.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition caused by escherichia that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is defined in the medical literature as "flatus expelled through the anus" or the "quality or state of being flatulent", which is defined in turn as "marked by or affected with gases generated in the intestine or stomach; likely to cause digestive flatulence".
This is an AE which refers absence of stomach muscle tone.
This is an AE which is a medical condition that affects dogs in which the stomach becomes overstretched and rotated by excessive gas content.
This is an AE which as been positively associated with the development of gastric ulceration in nonequine species, and reduction of hypermotility may be protective against their development.
This is an AE which characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of an obstructing structural lesion in the stomach manifested as abdominal bloating.
This is an AE which is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates and it has infection.
This is an AE which is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach and it has erythema, which contains the glands and the gastric pits.
This is an AE which will lead Ménétrier disease that is a very rare chronic gastric disorder.
This is an AE which is hyperplastic polyps (HPs).
This is an AE which is a break in the inner lining with haemorrhage of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus.
This is an AE which is a safe and effective treatment for the different types of gastric varices but especially isolated gastric varices.
This is an AE which is a twisting of all or part of the stomach by more than 180 degrees with obstruction of the flow of material through the stomach, variable loss of blood supply and possible tissue death.
This is an AE which is an important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, accounting for approximately one fourth of UGI bleeding in endoscopic studies.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the lining of the stomach caused by viral.
This is an AE which was a medical syndrome first coined by Ludwig von Roemheld (1871–1938) describing a cluster of cardiovascular symptoms stimulated by gastrointestinal changes.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by astroviral.
This is an AE which is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by clostridial.
This is an AE which is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary importance that causes gastroenteritis in a variety of vertebrate hosts.
This is an AE which is an eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and infiltration of the esophageal and/or GI mucosa by eosinophils and mast cells .
This is an AE which is a leading cause of foodborne disease worldwide and may cause to gastroenteritis.
This is an AE which is a disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the intestine with spastic.
This is an AE which is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis being the principal types.
This is an AE which includes excessive straining, a sense of incomplete evacuation, failed or lengthy attempts to defecate, use of digital manoeuvres for evacuation of stool, abdominal bloating, and hard consistency of stools.
This is an AE which is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a group of symptoms accompanied together that include abdominal pain and changes in the consistency of bowel movements.
This is an AE which is a rare and poorly understood cause of abdominal pain in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
This is an AE which may have a congenital cause such as malrotation with volvulus or a persistent omphalomesenteric duct.
This is an AE which is a disorder of pigmentation of the wall of the colon, often identified at the time of colonoscopy.
This is an AE which is a heterogeneic group of clinically significant illnesses because of the more common imaging of the intestinal circulation when studying both vascular and nonvascular diseases of the abdomen.
This is an AE which is a cyst in the mesenterium, and is one of the rarest abdominal tumors.
This is an AE which is a disease of the mesenteric lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency.
This is an AE which is a condition characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the mesentery.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the colon with necrotising .
This is an AE which is a devastating intestinal disease occured on neonatal that affects premature or very low birth weight infants.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by parasitic
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection caused by one of the three types of Salmonella enterica.
This is an AE which occurs in the dorsal portion of the perirectal tissues.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition caused by escherichia of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
This is an AE which is a polyp (fleshy growth) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum.
This is an AE which is a disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the intestine.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the ileal pouch, an artificial rectum surgically created out of ileal gut tissue in patients who have undergone a colectomy.
This is an AE which is considered one of the initial manifestations of ulcerative colitis.
This is an AE which is a general term for inflammation of the rectum and colon.
This is an AE which is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
This is an AE which is intermittent or continuous expression of liquid from the anus (per rectum).
This is an AE which is a break or tear in the skin of the anal canal.
This is an AE which is when the rectal walls have prolapsed to a degree where they protrude out the anus and are visible outside the body.
This is an AE which is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ such as the rectal.
This is an AE which is a feeling of incomplete defecation.
This is an AE which causes the rectum herniates into or forms a bulge in the vagina.
This is an AE which is a rare malabsorption disorder caused by a lack of functional small intestine.
This is an AE which is a gastro-vascular disorder in which the third and final portion of the duodenum is compressed between the abdominal aorta (AA) and the overlying superior mesenteric artery.
This is an AE which is when a loop of small bowel twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, resulting in a bowel obstruction.
This is an AE which is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the uptake of zinc through the inner lining of the bowel, the mucous membrane.
This is an AE which is an inflammation with allergic of the colon.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with allergic.
This is an AE which is an abscess adjacent to the anus.
This is an AE which is a cancer which arises from the anus, the distal opening of the gastrointestinal tract.
This is an AE which is a anal fungal infection due to any type of Candida (a type of yeast).
This is an AE which is defined as localized mucous membrane tissue impairments of the anal canal caused by corrosive fecal enzymes and/or indwelling devices.
This is an AE which is redness of the skin or mucous membranes such as anal, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of various medical conditions on the anal which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli.
This is an AE which is the invasion of anal by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of anal to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants,and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a anal mucous membrane.
This is an AE which is the irritation of the skin at the exit of the rectum, known as the anus, causing the desire to scratch.
This is an AE which is a severe, episodic pain in the regions of the rectum and anus.
This is an AE which refers absence of anal sphincter muscle tone.
This is an AE which is an increase in the muscle's resistance to passive stretching.
This is an AE which is a pre-cancerous condition which occurs when the lining of the anal canal undergoes abnormal changes.
This is an AE which is a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).
This is an AE which refers to acute or subacute arthritis in association with, or as a reaction to, an enteric (usually colonic) inflammatory condition.
This is an AE which refer to a transient abnormal enlargement of a body part or area such as anorectal not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a rare disorder of the immune system condition that affects infants, young children and (rarely) adults causing severe diarrhea, vomiting, and other morbidities of the digestive tract.
This is an AE which is a mass often found trapped in the gastrointestinal system,though it can occur in other locations.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by campylobacter .
This is an AE which is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon specifically with peak incidence in the 5th decade of life, affecting women more than men.
This is an AE which is a benign tumor of epithelial tissue colon with glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both.
This is an AE which is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) and/or organs (macroscopic scale) such as colon.
This is an AE which is the second most commonly injured intra-abdominal organ in penetrating trauma.
This is an AE which used this technique in infants with intestinal obstruction due to anorectal malformations, intestinal atresias, and post-NEC strictures, to good effect.
This is an AE which is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract caused by escherichia.
This is an AE which is a procedure used to visualise the urinary bladder.
This is an AE which is uncommonly found on upper endoscopy and can be categorized as subepithelial or mucosally-based.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the duodenum and may persist acutely or chronically.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the duodenum with haemorrhagic.
This is an AE which consists of retrograde passage of alkaline duodenal contents into the stomach; it may occur due to antroduodenal motility disorder (primary DGR) or may arise following surgical alteration of gastoduodenal anatomy or because of biliary pathology (secondary DGR).
This is an AE which is uncommon disease caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV).
This is an AE which is the second most common cause of infectious esophagitis and it occurs in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.
This is an AE which refers to bleeding from a laceration in the mucosa at the junction of the stomach and esophagus.
This is an AE which is the most common type of infectious esophagitis.
This is an AE which is a malignancy that develops from oesophageal epithelial cells.
This is an AE which includs a spectrum of disorders affecting the oesophagus.
This is an AE which is the ability of oesophageal to move independently, using metabolic energy
This is an AE which can cause chest pain, heartburn, or dysphagia.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the oesophageal tissue.
This is an AE which is an uncommon disease that does not appear to predispose to esophageal cancer.
This is an AE which is a rupture of the esophageal wall.
This is an AE which is a disorder of motility of the esophagus.
This is an AE which is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with oesophageal cancer.
This is an AE which occur mainly as a result of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
This is an AE which is a chronic condition in which stomach contents rise up into the esophagus, resulting in either symptoms or complications.
This is an AE which is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea.
This is an AE which is rare and the most common causes are tuberculosis and malignancy.
This is an AE which is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from normal stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in the small intestine and large intestine.
This is an AE which is a disease characterized by inflammation with erosive of the esophagus.
This is an AE which refers to the state in the stomach where gastric acid levels are higher than the reference range.
This is an AE which is an abnormality in the stomach caused by chemicals, e.g. bile, alcohol, and characteristically has minimal inflammation.
This is an AE which refer to states where the production of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions of the stomach and other digestive organs is absent or low, respectively.
This is an AE which refers to a wide range of problems of the gastric tissues.
This is an AE which remains a common and potentially life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT).
This is an AE which is inflammation of the lining of the stomach caused by helicobacter.
This is an AE which is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a characteristic helical shape and causes infection.
This is an AE which is a painful mouth infection caused by coxsackieviruses.
This is an AE which is inflammation caused by herpes of the back of the throat.
This is an AE which is inflammation caused by herpes zoster of the back of the throat.
This is an AE which is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs) and it has blistering.
This is an AE which is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs) and feels it discomfortable.
This is an AE which may impede tracheal intubation or laryngeal mask airway insertion.
This is an AE which can manifest as a rare complication after surgery for obstructive sleep apnea or tonsillectomy.
This is an AE which is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity and it is swelling.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the pharyngeal.
This is an AE which is diverse and can include developmental, traumatic, immune-mediated, infectious, metabolic, endocrine, neurologic, neoplastic, and inflammatory etiologies.
This is an AE which is a rash (small spots) on the pharyngeal mucous membranes.
This is an AE which is redness of the pharyngeal skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a fluid emitted by an organism pharyngeal through pores or a wound.
This is an AE which causing partial airway obstruction.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of pharyngeal tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which can be quantified with sensory testing using LSR and can cause dysphagia.
This is an AE which is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs) and is injury.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of pharyngeal , usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is a firmly attached white patch on pharyngeal mucous membrane which is associated with increased risk of cancer.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the pharyngeal tissue.
This is an AE which is related to low pressure of lower esophageal sphincter(LES ) and high pressure of upper esophageal sphincter (UES).
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of pharyngeal part or area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which caused by CMV infection, related to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the back of the throat caused by bacterial.
This is an AE which is an infection of the back of the throat including the tonsils caused by group A streptococcus (GAS).
This is an AE which is a significant complication following the use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA).
This is an AE which develops from tissues in the lip and oral cavity (mouth), larynx (throat), salivary glands, nose, sinuses or the skin of the face.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the back of the throat caused by viral.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the pharyngeal skin.
This is an AE which is a sound made at the back of the throat by tightly constricting the laryngopharyngeal tissues and vibrating the palatoglossal arch and the vocal folds while exhaling through the nose.
This is an AE which is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear, of which it is also a part and its functions become disorder .
This is an AE which is defined as pressure abnormalities in the middle ear which result in symptoms.
This is an AE which is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear, of which it is also a part and becomes obstruction.
This is an AE which is the name of a physical disorder where the Eustachian tube, which is normally closed, instead stays intermittently open.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of anal papilla tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is a anal sphincter condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement, or by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired movement.
This is an AE which is a calcification of the gallbladder believed to be brought on by excessive gallstones, although the exact cause is not clear.
This is an AE which is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts.
This is an AE which is any inflammation with infective of the biliary tree.
This is an AE which is defined as a condition with progressive stenosis and destruction of the bile ducts due to diffuse inflammation and fibrosis.
This is an AE which is defined as inflammation of the gallbladder and is usually caused by obstruction of the cystic duct.
This is an AE which occurs after repeated episodes of acute cholecystitis and is almost always due to gallstones and may be asymptomatic, may present as a more severe case of acute cholecystitis, or may lead to a number of complications such as gangrene, perforation, or fistula formation.
This is an AE which is inflammation with infective of the gallbladder.
This is an AE which encompass a wide breadth of diseases that vary in severity.
This is an AE which is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine and becomes hypofunction.
This is an AE which leads to cicatricial and adhesive processes in its wall and surrounding tissues that significantly complicates cholecystectomy and increases the risk of bile ducts trauma.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the gallbladder tissue.
This is an AE which is extremely rare, majority of ruptures occur secondary to traumatic injuries.
This is an AE which is defined by acute distension of the gallbladder.
This is an AE which is a cause of several gut-related problems, the main one being chronic diarrhea.
This is an AE which is rare dilatations of different parts of a biliary tract.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of neoplasm tissue.
This is an AE which is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile, and is present in most vertebrates.
This is an AE which refers to the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile and its function gets disorder.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy and typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and baby.
This is an AE which is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process.
This is an AE which is an over-stimulation at a neuromuscular junction due to an excess of acetylcholine (ACh), as a result of the inactivity of the AChE enzyme, which normally breaks down acetylcholine.
This is an AE which defines persisting conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn with conjugated bilirubin levels exceeding 15% (5.0 mg/dL) of total bilirubin level.
This is an AE which is a hollow muscular organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination and the organ is haemorrhage.
This is an AE which may occur if the bladder is overfilled and not emptied.
This is an AE which is microscopic cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease states.
This is an AE which includes urinary incontinence, urgency and nocturia.
This is an AE which is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract and children the only symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) may be a fever .
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of urinary tract tissues to harmful stimuli.
This is an AE which is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into one or both ureters and then to the renal calyx or kidneys.
This is an AE which includes urinary bladder inflammation such as cystitis, bladder rupture and bladder obstruction (tamponade).
This is an AE which can treat with optional fulguration of Hunner lesions, improved IC symptoms.
This is an AE which is a bladder state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which refers absence of bladder sphincter muscle tone.
This is an AE which is a chronic functional condition of unknown pathogenesis.
This is an AE which is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose occured on the infantile.
This is an AE which is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose after post-tussive .
This is an AE which is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose after procedural .
This is an AE which is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.
This is an AE which is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose occured on the neonatal.
This is an AE which is an intense form of vomiting, sometimes seen in infants, that may include vomit exiting out the nostrils.
This is an AE which is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, often perceived as an urge to vomit and it occured after the procedural .
This is an AE which is tumours that form in the tissues of salivary glands.
This is an AE which is inflammation with noninfective of salivary glands, usually the major ones, the most common being the parotid gland, followed by submandibular and sublingual glands.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the appendiceal.
This is an AE which is a stone made of feces when it occurs in the appendix and is sometimes concomitant with appendicitis.
This is an AE which is very rare cancers of the vermiform appendix.
This is an AE which is a finger-like, blind-ended tube connected to the cecum and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is normally observed within the first 10 to 100 days post-transplant, and is a major challenge to transplants owing to associated morbidity and mortality.
This is an AE which is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth and it becomes discolouration.
This is an AE which is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the salivary gland.
This is an AE which is a type of salivary gland diseases.
This is an AE which is exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts and feels pain.
This is an AE which is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a salivary gland.
This is an AE which is a break in the inner lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus.
This is an AE which is an infection of a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria .
This is an AE which is a condition in which an untreated ulcer has burned through the mucosal wall in a segment of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., the stomach or colon) allowing gastric contents to leak into the abdominal cavity.
This is an AE which is redness of the perianal skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a chronic motility disorder characterized by effortless regurgitation of most meals following consumption, due to the involuntary contraction of the muscles around the abdomen.
This is an AE which is the expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood.
This is an AE which can present with sonographic findings similar to hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
This is an AE which is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (the pylorus).
This is an AE which causes pulmonary atelectasis, secondary pneumonia, and respiratory failure is a frequent complication particularly in patients recovering from abdominal and thoracic surgery.
This is an AE which is mucus with purulent that is coughed up from the lower airways (the trachea and bronchi).
This is an AE which is complicated inflammation of the appendix.
This is an AE which is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the epiglottis—the flap at the base of the tongue that prevents food entering the trachea (windpipe).
This is an AE which is defined as a condition in which a person does not have the physical or financial capability to eat sufficient food to meet basic nutritional needs for a sustained period.
This is an AE which is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life.
This is an AE which is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus.
This is an AE which is a slight bulge in the small intestine present at birth and a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct (also called the vitelline duct or yolk stalk).
This is an AE which is a person whose body weight is considered too low to be healthy.
This is an AE which is a condition of excessive air swallowing, which goes to the stomach.
This is an AE which is vascular structures in the anal canal.
This is an AE which is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea.
This is an AE which is when a loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, resulting in a bowel obstruction.
This is an AE which blockage of the ear canal due to swelling of the eardrum.
This is an AE which a transient abnormal enlargement of ear not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which due to neurological damage is hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition.
This is an AE which is permanently hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition.
This is an AE which is temporarily hearing loss that precludes a person from understanding spoken language, an audiological condition.
This is an AE which is a group of inflammatory noninfective diseases of the middle ear.
This is an AE which is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear.
This is an AE which is an injury to the auditory nerve.
This is an AE which is the process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away on the ear.
This is an AE which is redness of the ear canal membranes, caused by hyperemia in superficial capillaries .
This is an AE which occurs fairly frequently and can leave minor to major deformity.
This is an AE which is a functional abnormality or disturbance on the ear.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels and occurs on the ear .
This is an AE which is a general term for inflammation or infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals.
This is an AE which is the invasion of ear tissues by disease-causing bacterial.
This is an AE which a superficial mycotic infection of the outer ear canal.
This is an AE which is an ear infection caused by members of the Staphylococcus genus of bacteria .
This is an AE which occurs when ear is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.
This is an AE which including outer ear injury, middle ear injury, inner ear injury and tinnitus.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an organism's ear lobe by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of ear tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which are seen with the shape of a ear part and functional disorders in which problems exist with how a ear part works.
This is an AE which is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch on ear.
This is an AE which is a transient abnormal enlargement of ear part or area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a superficial infection of the ear that may be precipitated by trauma, an insect bite, or ear piercing.
This is an AE which occur fairly frequently and can leave minor to major deformity.
This is an AE which can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and imbalance.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of inner ear to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants
This is an AE which is suddenly a partial or total inability to hear and may occur in one or both ears.
This is an AE which is fluid accumulation that can occur in the middle ear and mastoid air cells due to negative pressure produced by dysfunction of the Eustachian tube.
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensation of the ear skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
This is an AE which is an abnormality of the structure of external ear.
This is an AE which describes a rare congenital deformity that involves the complete absence of the pinna, the outer projected portion of the ear, and narrowing or absence of the ear canal.
This is an AE which is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between a gas space inside, or in contact with, the body, and the surrounding gas or fluid.
This is an AE which is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation of the front of the eye (the cornea) and often fever, fatigue, and weight loss, episodes of vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and hearing loss.
This is an AE which occurs when there is a problem transferring sound waves anywhere along the pathway through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles).
This is an AE which it develops on the face anterior to the ascending limb of the helix, followed by the inferior portion of the ascending limb itself.
This is an AE which is total inability to hear.
This is an AE which is defined as the hearing loss which is present at birth.
This is an AE which is a partial inability to hear.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the inner ear that is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a fullness in the ear.
This is an AE which is a congenital deformity where the pinna (external ear) is underdeveloped.
This is an AE which isolated from the middle ear in AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis,and Staphylococcus aureus.
This is an AE which is predominantly, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis caused middle ear infection.
This is an AE which is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity that is characterised by discharge from the middle ear through a perforated tympanic membrane for at least 6 weeks.
This is an AE which starts when the tympanic membrane perforates.
This is an AE which designate a distinct pathologic phenomenon.
This is an AE which is a condition of the middle ear where one or more foci of irregularly laid spongy bone replace part of normally dense enchondral layer of bony otic capsule in the bony labyrinth.
This is an AE which can cause a permanent hearing loss in rare cases.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the inner ear.
This is an AE which a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear.
This is an AE which is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear and the process of membrane hyperaemia .
This is an AE which developed in consistent patterns in the postero-superior quadrant of the pars tensa.
This is an AE which is inflammation of a acoustic nerve or the general inflammation of the peripheral nervous system.
This is an AE which is an umbrella term for a variety of disorders that affect the way the brain processes auditory information.
This is an AE which defines by the presence of normal or near-normal otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) but the absence of normal middle ear reflexes and severely abnormal or completely absent auditory brainstem response (ABRs).
auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder AE
This is an AE which is a mastoid collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.
This is an AE which refers the mastoiditis that is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear.
This is an AE which increases the risks for bacterial otitis and mastoiditis.
This is an AE which is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear.
This is an AE which is a form of hallucination that involves perceiving sounds without auditory stimulus.
This is an AE which is a partial or total inability to hear.
This is an AE which is a hearing impairment characterized by difficulty in processing details of sound due to distortion in frequency or intensity rather than primarily a loss of the ability to perceive sound.
This is an AE which may be present at birth or acquired at any time afterwards.
This is an AE which is an abnormal opening in the inner ear.
This is an AE which is a type of hearing disorder that is the perception of a single auditory stimulus as sounds of a different pitch in the two ears.
This is an AE which is the obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct and may be acquired.
This is an AE which are due to either an acidic or alkali substance getting in the eye.
This is an AE which can be visually devastating caused by herpes zoster.
herpes zoster necrotising retinopathy AE
This is an AE which forms the outer blood⁻retina barrier and facilitates the transepithelial transport of glucose into the outer retina via GLUT1.
This is an AE which in contact lens wearers appears to be more common in patients wearing extended wear soft contact lenses.
This is an AE which is a benign inflammatory condition usually confined to the orbit. This may involve single or multiple intraorbital structures.
This is an AE which is a bodily function; it is a semi-autonomic rapid closing of the eyelid.
This is an AE which is a change of the human eyelid skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli.
This is an AE which is a disorder of sight in which the brain fails to process inputs from one eye and over time favors the other eye.
This is an AE which is a tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera (the white of the eye) and its become discouration process.
This is an AE which is a type of rentinal detachment disease caused by macular.
detachment of macular retinal pigment epithelium AE
This is an AE which is a viral syndrome characterized by a panuveitis with necrotizing retinitis that may be complicated by retinal detachment, vaso-occlusion, optic neuropathy, and other causes of decreased visual acuity.
This is an AE which is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit and periorbital tissues, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos).
This is an AE which is an uncommon neurological condition in which the affected individuals see white or black dots or transparent dots in part or the whole of their visual fields.
This is an AE which is organs of the visual system and its functions get disorder.
This is an AE which is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through color vision, scotopic vision, and mesopic vision, using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment and its gets alter.
This is an AE which is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, or sometimes a physiological pupillary response.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an eye tissues by toxoplasmal, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is a clinical syndrome characterized by attacks of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis.
This is an Ae which is an etiologically heterogeneous syndrome predominantly characterized by acute inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis, ON) and the spinal cord (myelitis).
neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder AE
This is an AE which is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye and its function gets disorder.
This is an AE which is globules of mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharides that progressively calcify in the optic disc and they are thought to be the remnants of the axonal transport system of degenerated retinal ganglion cells.
This is an AE which is strongly associated with the development and progression of glaucoma.
This is an AE which is the increase of blood flow to different tissues in the optic disc.
This is an AE which blurring of an image due to incorrect focus occurs on optic discs.
This is an AE which refers a form of glioma which affects the optic nerve, is often one of the central nervous system manifestations of neurofibromatosis .
This is an AE which is a medical condition arising from the underdevelopment of the optic nerve(s).
This is an AE which is optic nerve death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area.
This is an AE which maybe causes permanent and potentially severe loss of vision, as well as an abnormal pupillary reflex.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood optic nerve sheath vessels.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of a papilla.
This is an AE which is a rare congenital malformation syndrome that features a combination of the underdevelopment of the optic nerve, pituitary gland dysfunction, and absence of the septum pellucidum (a midline part of the brain).
This is an AE which is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the brain's occipital cortex and can be acquired or congenital, and may also be transient in certain instances.
This is an AE which is an acute episode of ischemic origin in which one eye has profound visual loss, followed by full recovery within one hour.
This is an AE which is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means occurd on unilateral eye.
This is an AE which is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.
This is an AE which causes by diseases, drugs , and chemicals or organic solventsmay cause color blindness.
This is an AE which is a loss of vision or blindness (anopsia) in half the visual field, usually on one side of the vertical midline.
This is an AE which is the loss of half of the visual field on different sides in both eyes.
This is an AE which is hemianopic visual field loss on the same side of both eyes.
This is an AE which refers to an anopia affecting a quarter of the field of vision and associated with a lesion of an optic radiation.
This is an AE which is an impairment in recognition of visually presented objects and it is not due to a deficit in vision (acuity, visual field, and scanning), language, memory, or intellect.
This is an AE which is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses.
This is an AE which is a form of visual impairment that is caused by a brain problem rather than an eye problem.
This is an AE which is hallucinations accompanied by delusions.
This is an AE which deficiencies in earliest stages of Parkinson disease (PD), plausibly associated with alpha-synuclein deposits in the inner retinal layers.
This is an AE which is a sudden loss of the ability to see.
This is an AE which refers to a group of diseases and conditions occurring in childhood or early adolescence of below 16 years old, which, if left untreated, result in blindness or severe visual impairment that are likely to be permanent blindness later in life.
This is an AE which is a type of glaucoma.
This is an AE which is due to either an acidic or alkali substance getting in the eye.
This is an AE which may be affected by congenital malformation.
This is an AE which is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in some cases) eye movement and it is congenital.
This is an AE which refers the relative darkening of lower eyelid skin and can impart a fatigued and less youthful appearance to the face.
This is an AE which is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve (or retina) and cause vision loss.
This is an AE which is one of the main organs affected by this disease, being diabetic retinopathy the most well-known microvascular complication and the leading.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by infection.
This is an AE which is the posterior displacement of the eyeball within the orbit due to changes in the volume of the orbit (bone) relative to its contents (the eyeball and orbital fat), or loss of function of the orbitalis muscle.
This is an AE which is the seven extrinsic muscles of the human eye and its function gets disorder.
This is an AE which refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the eye.
This is an AE which is a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system of the eyes to typically harmless substances in the environment.
This is an AE which during early childhood, puberty, pregnancy, and sometimes after serious trauma (like heterochromia) do represent cause for a plausible argument stating that some eyes can or do change, based on chemical reactions and hormonal changes within the body.
This is an AE which is a type of hematoma of eye.
This is an AE which is a eye localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which can cause a nonexudative but persistent conjunctivitis without much redness.
This is an AE which may cause responsible for nonacute bacterial conjunctivitis.
This is an AE which occurs when an organism's eye is invaded by pathogenic viruses,[not verified in body] and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.
This is an AE which refers to physical or chemical injuries of the eye can be a serious threat to vision if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion.
This is an AE which is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor).
This is an AE which includes the voluntary or involuntary movement of the eyes, helping in acquiring, fixating and tracking visual stimuli. A special type of eye movement, rapid eye movement, occurs during REM sleep.
This is an AE which is a nonspecific medical term for a visible, circumscribed, chronic lesion of the eye skin or mucosa.
This is an AE which means loss of normal transparency of cornea.
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensation of the eye skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
This is an AE which injury that occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters a tissue of the eye.
This is an AE which is a gesture in which a person briefly turns their eyes upward, often in an arcing motion from one side to the other. In the Anglosphere, it has been identified as a passive-aggressive response to an undesirable situation or person, or exasperation.
This is an AE which is the observed or detectable signs, and experienced symptoms of an eye illness, injury, or condition.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes normal function of the affected eye.
This is an AE which is an injury in which a eyeball structure is torn off by either trauma or surgery.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged eyelid blood vessels.
This is an AE which is a type of hematoma of eyelid tissue,the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of eyelid blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye and the skin is susceptible to infection.
This is an AE which is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye and its is injury.
This is an AE which is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or eyelid cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching (different from clonus, which is rhythmic/ regular) of a muscle or a group of muscles and its occurs on eyelid.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli and its occurs on eyelid.
This is an AE which presents within the first year of life either in isolation or as a part of many different ocular or systemic disorders.
This is an AE which is usually secondary to thyroid disorders, trauma, proptosis, seventh nerve palsy, or neurological abnormalities affecting the third nerve.
This is an AE which is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch on the eyelids.
This is an AE which is a cosmetic problem that results in an older and unnatural appearance.
This is an AE which is a non-invasive retinal imaging modality used in clinical practice to non-invasively map changes at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/photoreceptor complex and alterations of macular pigment distribution.
This is an AE which is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve (or retina) and cause vision loss with traumatic.
This is an AE which is the coordinated control of eye movement with hand movement and the processing of visual input to guide reaching and grasping along with the use of proprioception of the hands to guide the eyes.
This is an AE which is a form of ophthalmic caused by recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the cornea.
This is an AE which occurs due to reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve.
This is an AE which is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when not performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight".
This is an AE which is a medical condition involving inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye.
This is an AE which is an infrequent, yet potentially vision-threatening, entity.
This is an AE which is the inability to close the eyelids completely.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged lacrimal blood vessels.
This is an AE which is a developmental disorder of the eye in which one (unilateral microphthalmia) or both (bilateral microphthalmia) eyes are abnormally small and have anatomic malformations.
This is an AE which is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in some cases) eye movement.
This is an AE which may be objectively quantifiable, independent of subjective expressions.
This is an AE which is a form of dysmetria that involves the constant under- or over-shooting of the eyes when attempting to focus gaze on something.
This is an AE which is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss.
This is an AE which is a disorder of ocular function that occurs subsequent to the stenosis of the carotid artery.
This is an AE which is a form of myasthenia gravis in which weakness is restricted to the ocular muscles and may produce significant visual disability.
This is an AE which can affect all parts of the eye, and can be a benign tumor or a malignant tumor (cancer).
This is an AE which is a potentially blinding consequence of craniofacial trauma, but timely ophthalmic evaluation is difficult to obtain in some settings and clear standards for canthotomy/cantholysis are lacking.
This is an AE which is a manifestation of rosacea that affects the eyes and eyelids.
This is an AE which constitute the most common cause of visual disability.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of blood vessels that leads to loss of perfusion and ischemia with necrosis and when this occurs in the orbit, the consequences are typically very conspicuous and can be devastating with decreased quality of life and loss of vision.
This is an AE which is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles of oculofacial.
This is an AE which is characterized by keratoconjunctivitis sicca and by scarring, fibrosis, metaplasia, and shrinkage of the conjunctiva.
This is an AE which is a usually transient condition characterized by bilateral conjunctivitis, facial edema, and upper respiratory symptoms following influenza immunization.
This is an AE which is a form of conjunctivitis (inflammation of the outer eye) which affects newborn babies following birth.
This is an AE which is the formation of a blood clot inside a ophthalmic artery blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
This is an AE which is a viral ophthalmic infection caused by the herpes simplex virus .
This is an AE which is shingles involving the eye or the surrounding area.
This is an AE which is a rare neurological disorder of unknown cause which appears to be the result of an autoimmune process involving the nervous system.
This is an AE which is a collection of cranial nerve deficits associated with a mass lesion near the apex of the orbit of the eye.
This is an AE which is the invasion of orbital tissue by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which typically occurs in an idiopathic acute form, with painful diplopia due to inflammation in 1 or more extraocular muscles of young adult females, which usually responds to a course of oral corticosteroids.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the orbital tissue.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of all coats of the animal eye including intraocular structures.
This is an AE which is the inability to close the eyelids completely with paralytic feel.
This is an AE which is the appearance of swelling in the tissues around the eyes, called the orbits.
This is an AE which is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve (or retina[5]) and cause vision loss.
This is an AE which is an eye condition that manifests through non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, pain in or around the eyes, blurred vision, headache, and occasional double vision.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of eye globe.
This is an AE which is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid and it frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
This is an AE which is a common finding especially in pediatric strabismus.
This is an AE which is a condition of the eye where distant objects are seen clearly but near objects appear blurred.
This is an AE which is a type of distorted vision in which a grid of straight lines appears wavy and parts of the grid may appear blank.
This is an AE which is an eye disorder where light focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina.
This is an AE which is a group of uncommon posterior segment complications of herpetic viral aetiology caused by members of Herpesviridae.
This is an AE which is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak retinal spot on a blood vessel wall.
This is an AE which is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a retinal artery blood vessel.
This is an AE which is the constellation of ocular signs and symptoms secondary to severe, chronic arterial hypoperfusion to the eye.
This is an AE which is a sudden involuntary contraction of retinal artery.
This is an AE which is the formation of a blood clot inside a retinal artery vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
This is an AE which may refer to retinopathy that one of several eye diseases or eye disorders in humans.
This is an AE which is the lightening of the skin or loss of pigment on the oculocutaneous.
This is an AE which is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.
This is an AE which from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye.
This is an AE which is the degeneration of rentinal tissue, due to disease or malnutrition, most likely due to heredity.
This is an AE which is a fluid emitted by an rentinal through pores or a wound.
This is an AE which an infarction can occur to the central retinal artery which supplies the retina causing sudden visual loss.
This is an AE which Physical or chemical injuries of the rentinal can be a serious threat to vision.
This is an AE which is a major cause of vision loss and impairment and a common underlying mechanism associated with diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and central retinal artery occlusion.
This is an AE which is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye.
This is an AE which occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell (edema).
This is an AE which is a pale color of the skin that can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, stimulant use, or anemia, and is the result of a reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin and may also be visible as pallor of the conjunctivae of the eyes on physical examination.
This is an AE which is a relatively novel concept describing a phenotype characterized by attenuation of the choriocapillaris overlying dilated choroidal veins, and associated with progressive retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and neovascularization.
This is an AE which is confined to inner retinal layers .
This is an AE which is inflammation of the vascular branches of the retinal artery, caused either by primary ocular disease processes, or as a specific presentation of any systemic form of vasculitis such as Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, or any form of systemic necrotizing vasculitis such as temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, or due to lupus erythematosus, or rheumatoid arthritis.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the retina in the eye, which can permanently damage the retina and lead to blindness.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder of the eyes that causes loss of vision and symptoms include trouble seeing at night and decreased peripheral vision (side vision).
This is an AE which is a rare disease that implies involvement of Herpesviridae, a family of double-stranded DNA viruses characterised by latency within the host's cells after primary infection.
This is an AE which is an eye disease characterized by the abnormal splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers, usually in the outer plexiform layer.
This is an AE which typically presents with the perception of light flashes, floaters, or a "dark curtain."
This is an AE which with hypertensive choroidopathy presented with choroidal thickening that decreased after resolution, but the residual flow defects observed in the choriocapillaris on OCTA confirmed the long-hypothesized notion that ischemia is a mechanism underlying hypertensive choroidopathy.
This is an AE which is a result of a wound healing response that follows choroidal neovascularization in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).
This is an AE which observed in association with choroidal neovascularization and to distinguish SHE from other forms of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHM) seen in patients with age-related macular degeneration and other macular disorders.
This is an AE which an anomalous posterior vitreous detachment (APVD) with persistant symptomatic vitreoretinal adhesion is seen.
This is an AE which is a rare retinal condition that features the sudden onset of bilateral central scotomata, which may be preceded by a viral prodrome in some patients.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory retinopathy in the category of white dot syndromes typified by acute loss of one or more zones of outer retinal function associated with photopsia, minimal funduscopic changes and abnormal electroretinography findings.
This is an AE which is a rare disease in which the patient's immune system attacks proteins in the retina, leading to loss of eyesight.
This is an AE which can be partially compensated by increased use of peripheral vision.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the chorioretinal body.
This is an AE which is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissues, and lying between the retina and the sclera that is gets disorder.
This is an AE which is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal chorioretinal skin after an injury.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye.
This is an AE which is a posterior segment disease characterized by localized and limited serous detachments of the neurosensory retina often associated with focal detachments of an altered retinal pigment epithelium.
This is an AE which is an impairment of the sense of vision.
This is an AE which refers to a risk for myopia may be inherited from one's parents.
This is an AE which is a medical term for seeing everything tinted with blue.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye caused by cytomegalovirus .
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes mellitus.
This is an AE which is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other.
This is an AE which is a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye. It is a type of ataxia.
This is an AE which is a neuropsychological condition that causes a distortion of perception.
This is an AE which is less common but nonetheless a possible reason as to why a patient may fail the 4 PRT.
This is an AE which may be a manifestation of a variety of isolated ocular or systemic diseases in children.
This is an AE which is a visual disturbance in which objects appear with a red hue, is a recognized phenomenon after surgical excision of the natural lens.
This is an AE which is sometimes visible deposits within the eye's vitreous humour ("the vitreous"), which is normally transparent, or between the vitreous and retina.
This is an AE which is a visual disturbance in which objects in the visual field appear to oscillate.
This is an AE which is the phenomenon of seeing light without light entering the eye.
This is an AE which is a scratch to the surface of the cornea of the eye.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the corneal.
This is an AE which is severe enough to require corneal transplantation is a rare complication of uveitis.
This is an AE which is deterioration in the medical sense on the corneal.
This is an AE which is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
This is an AE which refers to anything that interferes with the cornea's stromal architecture, contributes to blood vessel migration, increases corneal pigmentation, or predisposes to corneal edema, disrupts the corneas transparency.
This is an AE which is a group of rare hereditary disorders characterised by bilateral abnormal deposition of substances in the transparent front part of the eye called the cornea.
This is an AE which is a single layer of endothelial cells on the inner surface of the cornea.
This is an AE which is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea and acts as a barrier to protect the cornea, resisting the free flow of fluids from the tears, and prevents bacteria from entering the epithelium and corneal stroma.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the eyes characterized by the failure of the cornea's outermost layer of epithelial cells to attach to the underlying basement membrane (Bowman's layer).
This is an AE which is an age-related disease in which abnormal fibrillar extracellular material is produced and accumulates in many ocular tissues.
This is an AE which comprises a sequence of complex immune responses that involves the recognition of the foreign histocompatibility antigens of the corneal graft by the host's immune system, leading to the initiation of the immune response cascade.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the corneal tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is the in-growth of new blood vessels from the pericorneal plexus into avascular corneal tissue as a result of oxygen deprivation.
This is an AE which is a common sign of acute or protracted corneal disease of various aetiologies.
This is an AE which is a transparent membrane which allows light to pass through it.
This is an AE which accumulate in reaction to inflammatory responses and remain permanently in corneal stroma, and conventionally correctable only by donor corneal transplantation.
This is an AE which is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber and its is a process of becoming thin.
This is an AE which is a type of anterior uveitis and inflammation of iris and the ciliary body with inflammation predominantly confined to ciliary body.
This is an AE which is fibrous bands that form between iris tissues and organs,often as a result of injury during surgery.
This is an AE which is a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris.
This is an AE which is part of the eye and its functiuon gets disorder.
This is an AE which is characterized specifically as an area of iris skin becoming lighter than the baseline skin color, but not completely devoid of pigment.
This is an AE which is damage to the iris caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.
This is an AE which is due to the lens cortex (outer layer) becoming opaque and they occur when changes in the fluid contained in the periphery of the lens causes fissuring.
This is an AE which is the most common type of cataract, and involves the central or 'nuclear' part of the lens.
This is an AE which is cloudy at the back of the lens adjacent to the capsule (or bag) in which the lens sits and because light becomes more focused toward the back of the lens, they can cause disproportionate symptoms for their size.
This is an AE which is a tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera (the white of the eye) and it has deposit.
This is an AE which refers to a small spherical group of cells containing a cavity on the conjunctival.
This is an AE which is the increase of blood flow to different tissues in the conjunctial tissue.
This is an AE which is a conjunctival state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which is the swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva.
This is an AE which is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
This is an AE which is an eye finding occurring early in leptospirosis, which is caused by Leptospira interrogans.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory or, more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy.
This is an AE which causes the rapid onset of conjunctival redness, swelling of the eyelid, and a sticky discharge.
This is an AE which is often associated with an infection of the upper respiratory tract, a common cold, or a sore throat.
This is an AE which is a common eye surface condition characterized by the presence of excess folds of the conjunctiva located between the globe of the eye and the eyelid margin.
This is an AE which is a derivative of the highly contagious conjunctivitis virus, otherwise known as pink eye.
This is an AE which is the type of viral conjunctivitis and the most common cause of it.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory cellular deposit seen on corneal endothelium.
This is an AE which is a condition with herpetic in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed.
This is an AE which is corneal scarring due to chronic inflammation of the corneal stroma.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed caused by viral.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the eye that results in progressive thinning of the cornea.
This is an AE which is a palmoplantar eruption of air-filled bullae on an erythematous base, which results in lamellar peeling with hallmark superficial collarettes of scale.
This is an AE which refers a disease of the human eye.
This is an AE which refers early manifestation of herpes zoster ophthalmicus .
This is an AE which is an inflammation and infection of the eyelid and portions of skin around the eye anterior to the orbital septum.
This is an AE which is a type of hematoma of periorbital tissue, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
This is an AE which refers specifically to the layer of tissue surrounding the orbit that consists of periosteum feel discomfortable and may refer to anything that is around the orbit.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of periorbital blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged periorbital blood vessels.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of periorbital tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants,and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the periorbital tissue.
This is an AE which is a periorbital distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of periorbital area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a condition with herpetic caused by viral in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed.
This is an AE which is paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation.
This is an AE which is refraction paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation.
This is an AE which is a pathology affecting the cornea.
This is an AE which is a rare, benign yet relapsing pustular dermatosis.
This is an AE which is a condition with varicella in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed.
This is an AE which can be a serious threat to vision if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion.
This is an AE which is a condition that results in the loss of eyelashes, and sometimes eyebrows.
This is an AE which is a medical term for abnormally positioned eyelashes that grow back toward the eye, touching the cornea or conjunctiva.
This is an AE which is a part of the eye that includes the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens, and the ciliary epithelium, which produces the aqueous humor and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is the increase of blood flow to different tissues in the ciliary.
This is an AE which is a sudden involuntary contraction of ciliary muscle muscle.
This is an AE which is one of the hairs that grows at the edge of the eyelids.
This is an AE which is a rare, ciliopathic, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the respiratory tract (lower and upper, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear), fallopian tube, and flagellum of sperm cells.
This is an AE which has also been observed in normal aging eyes.
This is an AE which is a condition of the eye in which the vitreous membrane separates from the retina.
This is an AE which refers a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina in vertebrate eyes and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which refers a layer of collagen separating the vitreous body from the rest of the eye and it is haze.
This is an AE which can be classified according to their aetiology as: genetic; inflammatory non-infectious; inflammatory infectious; inflammatory iatrogenic; degenerative, traumatic; neoplastic and idiopathic.
This is an AE which refers carries tears from the lacrimal sac of the eye into the nasal cavity and it is swelling.
This is an AE which is a common and reliable finding of brain herniation, ischaemia, and acute brain injury in critically ill patients.
This is an AE which refers the diagnosis of an afferent or efferent it is crucial in the acquisition of a broad range of diseases of the brain or the peripheral nervous system.
This is an AE which is determined using dynamic pupillometry and is impaired.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged scleral blood vessels.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the scleral tissue.
This is an AE which is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory disease affecting part of the eye called the episclera.
This is an AE which is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera.
This is an AE which consisted of cortical dots of various shapes that increased in number with the age of the carriers in older obligate carriers, subcapsular plaques were common.
This is an AE which is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle when nictitating.
This is an AE which is a fold or line in the skin below the lower eyelid.
This is an AE which is typical manifestations of systemic diseases (e. g. Graves' disease) or typical complications of diseases in the vicinity of the orbit (e. g. orbital complications from inflammatory or tumorous sinus diseases).
This is an AE which is the product of a mismatch between the axial length of the eye and its optical power, creating blurred vision.
This is an AE which is vision loss or weakness that occurs without an apparent lesion affecting the eye.
This is an AE which is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium.
This is an AE which is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface and it has inflammation.
This is an AE which is a rare, late complication of cataract surgery, associated with impairment of visual function.
This is an AE which is a type of refractive error due to rotational asymmetry in the eye's refractive power.
This is an AE which refers difficulty seeing in the presence of very bright light.
This is an AE which is the most common complication after cataract surgery, with an incidence of 30%.
This is an AE which is a rare benign neuroepithelial intraventricular WHO grade I lesion found in the choroid plexus.
This is an AE which is a prevalent and potentially vision-threatening complication following glaucoma surgery.
This is an AE which is a closed macular sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is formation of the fibrous tissue in place of the normal retinal tissue on the macular area of the retina which provides the sharpest vision in the eyes.
This is an AE which is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue such as macular fibrosis.
This is an AE which is a small break in the macula, located in the center of the eye's light-sensitive tissue called the retina.
This is an AE which is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
This is an AE which is supposed to be different from that of macular lamellar hole (LMH) and is thought to be caused by centripetal contraction of previously present epiretinal membrane.
This is an AE which is any pathological condition of the macula, an area at the centre of the retina that is associated with highly sensitive, accurate vision.
This is an AE which is the presence of perceived flashes of light in the field of vision.
This is an AE which is a form of uveitis localized to the vitreous and peripheral retina.
eye complication associated with device AE
This is an AE whcih is a condition of the nasal septum in which there is a collection of pus between the mucoperichondrium and septal cartilage.
This is an AE which is a neurological disorder of excessive time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness.
This is an AE which is a large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face and there is a mass.
This is an AE which is a rare sinonasal tumor that mainly occurs in adults during the 5th decade.
This is an AE which is a subtype of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) characterized by type I hypersensitivity, nasal polyposis, characteristic computed tomography scan findings, eosinophilic mucus, and the presence of fungus on surgical specimens without evidence of tissue invasion.
This is an AE which is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds that are generally found in low concentrations that humans and animals can perceive by their sense of smell.
This is an AE which is contents found in the human nose. It is a result of drying of the normally viscous colloidal mucus.
This is an AE which is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a paranasal sinus cell .
This is an AE which might be beneficial in the management of sprue.
This is an AE which is disabling, deadly, and costly mental disorders that considerably impair physical health and disrupt psychosocial functioning.
This is an AE which is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating behaviors that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health.
This is an AE which is a child's refusal to eat certain food groups, textures, solids or liquids for a period of at least one month, which causes the child to not gain enough weight, grow naturally or cause any developmental delays.
This is an AE which in infancy or early childhood, is a child's refusal to eat certain food groups, textures, solids or liquids for a period of at least one month, which causes the child to not gain enough weight, grow naturally or cause any developmental delays.[1] Feeding disorders resemble failure to thrive, except that at times in feeding disorder there is no medical or physiological condition that can explain the very small amount of food the children consume or their lack of growth.
This is an AE which is an abnormal immune response to food.
This is an AE which is acquired as a result of unpleasant experiences with foods represent a potent defense mechanism against poisoning.
This is an AE which is an intense desire to consume a specific food, and is different from normal hunger.
This is an AE which is a behavior where people or animals accumulate food.
This is an AE which is defined as alterations of pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug or nutritional element or a compromise in nutritional status as a result of the addition of a drug.
This is an AE which is a detrimental reaction, often delayed, to a food, beverage, food additive, or compound found in foods that produces symptoms in one or more body organs and systems, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy.
This is an AE which is any illness resulting from the spoilage of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food, as well as prions (the agents of mad cow disease), and toxins such as aflatoxins in peanuts, poisonous mushrooms, and various species of beans that have not been boiled for at least 10 minutes.
This is an AE which is primarily associated with physical and ethical aspects and with end-of-life.
This is an AE which is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used mainly to treat hard-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.
This is an AE which refers an abnormal appetite for earth and other non-foods.
This is an AE which is a type of eating disorder in which people eat only within an extremely narrow repertoire of foods.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the oral.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of oral touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli.
This is an AE which refers an unfavorable evolution of a disease, health condition or medical treatment such as oral administration drug.
This is an AE which is a type of food allergy classified by a cluster of allergic reactions in the mouth and throat in response to eating certain (usually fresh) fruits, nuts, and vegetables that typically develops in adults with hay fever.
This is an AE which is a type of blister that forms when oral subdermal tissues and blood vessels are damaged without piercing the skin.
This is an AE which is a type of hematoma of tissue, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing oral localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
This is an AE which is any medical condition that affects the oral integumentary system .
This is an AE which occurs when an organism's body oral is invaded by pathogenic viruses,not verified in body] and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.
This is an AE which is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity.
This is an AE which causing extensive neurological, ophthalmological, and hematological deficits.
This is an AE which is a distortion of the sense of taste. Dysgeusia is also often associated with ageusia, which is the complete lack of taste, and hypogeusia, which is a decrease in taste sensitivity.
This is an AE which is a common, morbid, and costly malady, often complicated by otitis media, sinusitis, and asthma.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the mucous membranes caused by viral that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and facial pain.
This is an AE which is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses (with RVA and RVC giving more severe infection than RVB), coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus.
This is an AE which is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body such as nose to remove or close off a part of it.
This is an AE which is bleeding from the nose.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of intranasal touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli.
This is an AE which is frequently used after septoplasty and some complications caused by nasal packing are unavoidable.
This is an AE which often manifests as nasal discharge with or without other nasal signs.
This is an AE which is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, including the nasal septum which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two.
This is an AE which is a viral nasal infection caused by the herpes virus.
This is an AE which causes a loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and atrophy of the olfactory bulb (OB), which recovers when inflammation subsides.
This is an AE which caused by various traumas including blunt, and penetrating trauma and trauma caused by blast injury.
This is an AE which is a personal hygiene practice in which the nasal cavity is washed to flush out mucus and debris from the nose and sinuses, in order to enhance nasal breathing or can also refer to the use of saline nasal spray or nebulizers to moisten the mucous membranes.
This is an AE which can be measured objectively with RGB analysis to aid the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of nasal mucosal due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane such as nasal mucosal that impedes normal function of the affected organ.
This is an AE which is the blockage of nasal breathing usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue such as nasal.
This is an AE which is noncancerous growths within the nose or sinuses.
This is an AE which is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch occurs on the nasal .
This is an AE which is a physical disorder of the nose, involving a displacement of the nasal septum.
This is an AE which separates the left and right airways of the nasal cavity and it is disorder.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due such as nasal turbinate to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane such as nasal that impedes normal function of the affected organ.
This is an AE which has multiple causes, including congenital, traumatic, and, unfortunately, iatrogenic.
This is an AE which is the endoscopic examination of the velopharynx, or the nose, often with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the nostril.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the paranasal, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged paranasal sinus blood vessels.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli such as paranasal sinus.
This is an AE which identified in divers suggests that diving may cause changes in the paranasal sinus mucosa.
This is an AE which can be managed in the emergency department, particularly if the patient offers a history consistent with foreign body and is calm and compliant with the examination and removal attempts.
This is an AE which seem specific pain syndromes with a distinctive location in the nose.
This is an AE which is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air.
This is an AE which is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose and is perennial.
This is an AE which is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose and is seasonal.
This is an AE which is a chronic granulomatous bacterial disease of the nose that can sometimes infect the upper respiratory tract.
This is an AE which is an upper respiratory or pulmonary infection of cats caused by Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1), of the family Herpesviridae.
This is an AE which is the most common viral infectious agent in humans and is the predominant cause of the common cold.
This is an AE which is a long-term skin condition that typically affects the face.
This is an AE which is a common presenting symptom to clinicians and affects up to one-third of the population.
This is an AE which is a reduced ability to smell and to detect odors.
This is an AE which refers to a fear, aversion, or psychological hypersensitivity to odors.
This is an AE which is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.
This is an AE which is often present in gastroparesis, but the importance of these symptoms in gastroparesis has not been well-described.
This is an AE which is a noise generated by the disturbance of the air flow passing through the nose.
This is an AE which comprises lightening/greying, darkening, or even a complete hair colour change, which may involve the scalp and/or all body hair.
This is an AE which is disorders primarily associated with the follicles of the hair.
This is an AE which can appear as firm, dome-shaped cutaneous or subcutaneous masses with alopecia.
This is an AE which is damage to the hair caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is an uncommon hematological malignancy characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes.
This is an AE which is a condition where a hair curls back or grows sideways into the skin.
This is an AE which is a condition of the tongue in which the small bumps on the tongue elongate with black or brown discoloration, giving a black and hairy appearance.
tongue black hairy(black hairy tongue) AE
This is an AE which is a common, autosomal-dominant, genetic condition of the skin's hair follicles characterized by the appearance of possibly itchy, small, gooseflesh-like bumps, with varying degrees of reddening or inflammation.
This is an AE which is an abnormal descent of the brow from its anatomical position to the point that a patient becomes uncomfortable with the brow's appearance or visual field deficits develop.
This is an AE which is an acute headache of short duration brought on by some forms of activity.
This is an AE which is a form of brief pain or headache commonly associated with consumption (particularly quick consumption) of cold beverages or foods such as ice cream, Popsicles, and snow cones.
This is an AE which is an imprecise term that can refer to a sense of disorientation in space, vertigo, or lightheadedness .
This is an AE which is a primary headache syndrome which can mimic chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache.
This is an AE which is a cluster of boils caused by bacterial infection, most commonly with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory, primary cicatricial alopecia with several different patterns of hair loss.
This is an AE which is a mental disorder characterized by a long-term urge that results in the pulling out of one's own hair.
This is an AE which includes trichorrhexis invaginata and trichorrhexis nodosa.
This is an AE which can be an early sign of skin aging and are a significant cosmetic concern.
This is an AE which is a parasitic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis.
This is an AE which is the bumps on a person's skin at the base of body hairs which may involuntarily develop when a person is tickled, cold or experiencing strong emotions such as fear, euphoria or sexual arousal.
This is an AE which is the infection and inflammation of one or more hair follicles.
This is an AE which is a medical condition involving the loss of all body hair, including eyebrows, eyelashes, chest hair, armpit hair, and pubic hair.
This is an AE which is a condition of abnormal hair patterns, predominantly loss or reduction.
This is an AE which is a persistent irritation caused by shaving.
This is an AE which is a clinical entity with a diversified aetiology, that allows to distinguish from circumscribed or cicatricial alopecia or male baldness.
This is an AE which refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body with effluvium.
This is an AE which has been largely considered a neurological catastrophe. With conventional treatment, only around 20% of patients achieve functional independence.
This is an AE which include neuromuscular irritability, tetany, and seizures, which are rapidly resolved with intravenous administration of calcium gluconate.
This is an AE which is a decrease in the total amount of neurogenic red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
This is an AE which is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies.
This is an AE which is a global health concern affecting children, women and the elderly, whilst also being a common comorbidity in multiple medical conditions.
This is an AE which is a group of blood disorders typically inherited from a person's parents.
This is an AE which is a group of rare blood cancers in which excess red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets are produced in the bone marrow.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition caused by haemophilus that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a process with hyperchloraemic causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues .
This is an AE which is an acquired autoimmune disorder resulting in the production of antibodies directed against red blood cell antigens causing shortened erythrocyte survival.
This is an AE which is infections present in the blood caused by bacillus.
This is an AE which is infections present in the blood caused by corynebacterium.
This is an AE which is infections present in the blood caused by haemophilus.
This is an AE which is the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders .
This is an AE which is the formation of a blood clot inside a haemorrhoids blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
This is an AE which is well recognized and not infrequent findings in hyperthyroidism in adults.
This is an AE which occurs when a blood clot forms in the artery that provides blood flow to the peripheral.
This is an AE which refers to a term for the presence of toxins in the blood caused by staphylococcal.
This is an AE which is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular).
This is an AE which is a group of blood disorders characterized by low red blood cells, acute kidney failure, and low platelets.
This is an AE which is a common cause of infection among acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.
alpha hemolytic streptococcal infection AE
This is an AE which occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in the circulation.
This is an AE which is a type of macrocytic anemia. An anemia is a red blood cell defect that can lead to an undersupply of oxygen.
This is an AE which can be due to blood loss, decreased RBC production, or increased destruction of erythrocytes.
This is an AE which is a form of anemia seen in chronic infection, chronic immune activation, and malignancy.
This is an AE which is a decrease in the total red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood during pregnancy.
This is an AE which is a type of streptococcus infection and beta-hemolytic is a complete lysis of red cells in the media around and under the colonies: the area appears lightened (yellow) and transparent.
beta hemolytic streptococcal infection AE
This is an AE which is a condition in which the white cell (leukocyte count) is above the normal range in the blood.
This is an AE which is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells.
This is an AE which is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment.
This is an AE which is a medical emergency most commonly seen in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
This is an AE which is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that arises from a mutation of a lysosomal trafficking regulator protein,which leads to a decrease in phagocytosis.
This is an AE which is a skin condition, a variant of acrocyanosis caused by chronic exposure to cold.
This is an AE which is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia (less than 5% of AML cases) where the myeloproliferation is of erythroblastic precursors.
This is an AE which is a fairly disabling microvascular phenomenon.
This is an AE which is variation in cell shape: poikilocytes may be oval, teardrop-shaped, sickle-shaped or irregularly contracted.
This is an AE which is a disease state in which the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells in the blood) and/or hemoglobin concentration are elevated in peripheral blood.
This is an AE which is the medical term for an abnormal decrease of reticulocytes in the body.
This is an AE which is a condition where there is an increase in reticulocytes, immature red blood cells.
This is an AE which is a common inherited disorder that is characterised by anaemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly.
This is an AE which refers to a type of aplastic anemia affecting the precursors to red blood cells but usually not to white blood cells.
This is an AE which is a type of thrombocytopenic purpura defined as an isolated low platelet count with a normal bone marrow in the absence of other causes of low platelets.
This is an AE which is a rare chronic blood cancer (myeloproliferative neoplasm) characterised by the overproduction of platelets (thrombocytes) by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
This is an AE which is the development of thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count), due to the administration of various forms of heparin, an anticoagulant.
This is an AE which is a disease that affects babies in which the platelet count is decreased because the mother's immune system attacks her fetus' or newborn's platelets.
This is an AE which is a medical term meaning that a patient's red blood cells(such as platelet ) are of unequal size.
This is an AE which is a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot and its function is disorder.
This is an AE which is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
This is an AE which is a condition of high platelet (thrombocyte) count in the blood.
This is an AE which is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets occurs on the neonatal, also known as thrombocytes, in the blood.
This is an AE which is a crisis disease caused by production of abnormal hemoglobin, which binds with other abnormal hemoglobin molecules within the red blood cell to cause rigid deformation of the cell.
This is an AE which describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous).
This is an AE which is associated with a poor prognosis, and liver transplant is the only definitive management.
This is an AE which is a form of thalassemia involving the genes HBA1 and HBA2.
This is an AE which is without achylia or the Addisonian symptoms of glossitis, flatulent dyspepsia, diarrhoea, paraesthesiae, or neurological symptoms is seen in achrestic anaemia.
This is an AE which is any of several types of anaemia characterized by small red blood cells (called microcytes).
This is an AE which is a condition in which red blood cells are unusually small as measured by their mean corpuscular volume.
This is an AE which appear to be the outcome of the impaired production of RBCs.
This is an AE which is a common complication in chronic kidney disease and is associated with many adverse clinical consequences.
This is an AE which may be caused by chronic disease, hemolysis, or bone marrow disorders.
This is an AE which is a disease in which not enough red blood cells are produced due to a deficiency of vitamin B12.
This is an AE which is one of the most common serious bacterial infections worldwide.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory bone disease that is caused by an infecting microorganism such as staphylococcal and leads to progressive bone destruction and loss.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition caused by staphylococcal that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a family of serious medical conditions relating to an original diagnosis of leukemia.
This is an AE which is a rare condition (1:1,000,000), in which the bones have lesions, inflammation, and pain.
chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis AE
This is an AE which is a rare malignancy affecting megakaryocytes, platelet-producing cells that reside in the bone marrow.
This is an AE which is a type of acute myeloid leukemia. In AML-M5 >80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage.
This is an AE which is usually associated with determined recurrent cytogenetic aberrations like inv(16), t(v;11) (MLL gene rearrangement), and t(8;16).
This is an AE which is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a cancer of the white blood cells.
This is an AE which is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.
This is an AE which is an uncommon and self-limited syndrome characterized by extremity pain of unknown etiology.
This is an AE which is a type of leukemia affecting myeloid tissue.
This is an AE which occurs in children who are otherwise healthy because of rich blood supply to the growing bones.
This is an AE which is an infection of bone caused by bacterial infection, but rarely can be a fungal infection.
This is an AE which is a form of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical condition in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the arms.
This is an AE which is a medical condition that may occur as a long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
This is an AE which is the breakdown (lysis) of blood clots formed in blood vessels, using medication.
This is an AE which is a thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins which presents as a painful induration with erythema, often in a linear or branching configuration forming cords.
This is an AE which occurs more frequently than thrombosis of one or both umbilical arteries, but poor fetal outcome is more likely with arterial thrombosis.
This is an AE which is a rare surgical complication which may cause serious leg damage and may occasionally be fatal.
This is an AE which is a group of leukemias affecting circulating lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.
This is an AE which is a form of lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma in which too many T-cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood, bone marrow, and tissues, particularly mediastinal lymph nodes.
precursor t-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia AE
This is an AE which is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement.
This is an AE which is an aggressive malignancy that has historically been associated with a very poor prognosis.
This is an AE which is an increase of abnormal white blood cells and differs from acute leukemia, and is categorized as myelogenous or lymphocytic.
This is an AE which is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).
This is an AE which is a serious secondary disease that alters the events in the clotting cascade.
disseminated intravascular coagulation in newborn AE
This is an AE which is a common feature of several tumors to the extent that individuals with coagulation defects often present with occult visceral cancers.
This is an AE which is a metabolic disorder that occurs in cattle when energy demand exceeds energy intake and results in a negative energy balance.
This is an AE which is an abnormal protein that forms precipitate only in plasma and can be detected both in healthy persons and patients with autoimmune diseases, cancer and infections.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which the blood contains large amounts of pathological cold sensitive antibodies called cryoglobulins – proteins (mostly immunoglobulins themselves) that become insoluble at reduced temperatures.
This is an AE which is a medical condition caused by cytomegalovirus where cytomegalovirus enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body.
This is an AE which is a reduction in the number of mature blood cells.
This is an AE which is present in the systemic circulation; in septicaemia, whole microbes invade normally sterile parts of the body.
This is an AE which is severe complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition caused by fungal that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a rare disorder that occurs in adults in whom hypogammaglobulinemia, deficient cell-mediated immunity, and thymoma (usually benign) may develop almost simultaneously.
This is an AE which is a type of neonatal infection caused by group b streptococcusand specifically refers to the presence in a newborn baby of a bacterial blood stream infection (BSI) (such as meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or gastroenteritis) in the setting of fever.
group b streptococcus neonatal sepsis AE
This is an AE which is an acquired clonal disorder of the hemopoietic stem cell that is characterized by chronic intravascular hemolysis, as indicated by the grossly elevated levels of LDH in almost all patients.
This is an AE which is an uncommon hematologic disorder seen more often in children than in adults.
This is an AE which is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae.
This is an AE which is the coughing up of blood or blood-stained mucus from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs.
This is an AE which is an inherited disease of vitamin B12 metabolism with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations.
This is an AE which is a metabolic disturbance characterised by an excess of ammonia in the blood.
This is an AE which may also be due to an increase in the amylase content within the lung tissues; possibly the carcinoma provokes an inflammatory response resulting in release of amylase into the circulation.
This is an AE which is abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids (fats, cholesterol, or triglycerides) or lipoproteins in the blood.
This is an AE which would arise as a consequence of increased cysteine synthesis associated with the provision of protective substances (glutathione and/or taurine).
This is an AE which is a well-known feature of liver and testicular toxicity and we have recently proposed that hepatotoxin-induced hypercreatinuria would arise as a consequence of increased cysteine synthesis associated with the provision of protective substances (glutathione and/or taurine).
This is an AE which is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion.
This is an AE which results in vascular remodelling, and fibrinogen (Fg) and amyloid β (Aβ) complex formation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
This is an AE which is considered important prognostic markers, with the monitoring of lactate blood levels being very important in critical patients, like those admitted to the intensive care units.
This is an AE which may cause subcutaneous fat necrosis progression, with subsequent sterile 'abscess' formation.
this is an AE which is an electrolyte disorder in which there is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood.
This is an AE which is closely associated with systemic expression and adverse outcomes (lymphoma development and death) in patients with primary SS.
This is an AE which is characterized by an acute hemorrhagic state brought about by inability of the blood to clot, with massive hemorrhages into the skin producing blackish, purplish swellings and sloughing.
This is an AE which is a problem with the immune system in which not enough gamma globulins are produced in the blood (thus hypo- + gamma + globulin + -emia).
This is an AE which is associated with chronic or severe illnesses, and limited nutritional intake, but similar medical problems were absent in the acromegalic patients.
This is an AE which is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the blood.
This is an AE which is a rare condition and it can be caused by a genetic alteration or secondary factors.
This is an AE which is a condition where there is an abnormally low level of protein in the blood.
This is an AE which may be the result of a low-grade, chronic inflammatory process with an abnormal excessive production of myelosuppressive cytokines in a study conducted in the island of Crete.
This is an AE which is a biological role of human leucocyte lactotransferrin.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition caused by klebsiella bacteria that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a complex of little prolactin and an immunoglobulin G antibody and the weight of the complex is more than 150 kDa.
This is an AE which is infections present in the blood caused by pneumococcal.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition caused by stenotrophomonas that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, has been reported to cause autosplenectomy but is a very rare and poorly understood complication of the infection.
This is an AE which is infections present in the blood caused by pseudomonal.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition caused by pseudomonal that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a common, and frequently fatal, cause of bacteraemia in children and HIVinfected adults in sub-Saharan Africa.
This is an AE which is a rare cause of neonatal sepsis and can present with life threating complications, thus leading to increase in neonatal mortality and morbidity.
This is an AE which is a type of neonatal infection and specifically refers to the presence in a newborn baby of a bacterial blood stream infection (BSI) (such as meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or gastroenteritis) in the setting of fever.
This is an AE which including fever, leukocytosis, elevated cardiac output, and reduced systemic vascular resistance has been associated with severe infection (i.e., sepsis).
This is an AE which is frequent in neutropenic patients.
This is an AE which is a form of hypogammaglobulinemia appearing after birth, leading to a reduction in the level of IgG, and also sometimes IgA and IgM.
transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy AE
This is an AE which refers to most common presenting symptoms or signs were of skin rash, cellulitis or abscess.
This is an AE which is an error of metabolism, usually inborn, in which the body cannot effectively break down the amino acid tyrosine.
This is an AE which is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body and is similar to bacteremia, a condition where bacteria enter the bloodstream.
This is an AE which is caused by many viruses and is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a type of cancer affecting two types of B cells: lymphoplasmacytoid cells and plasma cells.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition occued on post procedural that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a rare malignancy derived from plasmacyoid dendritic cells .
blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasia AE
This is an AE which is a rare complication after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
This is an AE which is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels and is acholuric.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver on the perinatal .
This is an AE which is the process of using one's hands to check the body such as liver, especially while perceiving/diagnosing a disease or illness.
This is an AE which management aims to control viral replication, which is correlated with progression of disease.
This is an AE which is believed to be an autosomal dominant condition in which multiple lipomas are present on the body such as pancreas lipomatosis.
This is an AE which is an organ transplant that involves implanting a healthy pancreas (one that can produce insulin) into a person who usually has diabetes.
This is an AE which arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass.
This is an AE which is a fluid filled sac within the pancreas.
This is an AE which occurs in patients of every age.
This is an AE which is reported to induce pancreatic fibrosis and this type of pancreatic change was classified as a special type of CP, obstructive CP.
This is an AE which is some form of trauma sustained by the pancreas.
This is an AE which is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of pancreatic tissue.
This is an AE which is a circumscribed collection of fluid rich in pancreatic enzymes, blood, and necrotic tissue, typically located in the lesser sac of the abdomen.
This is an AE which describes a disease ranging from infiltration of fat in the pancreas to pancreatic inflammation, and development of pancreatic fibrosis.
This is an AE which is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas that alters the organ's normal structure and functions.
This is an AE which is a condition with mumps characterized by inflammation of the pancreas.
This is an AE which is the most dreadful evolution associated to a poor prognosis: mortality is approximately 15% and up to 30-39% in case of infected necrosis, which is the major cause of death.
This is an AE which is a condition caused by viral characterized by inflammation of the pancreas.
This is an AE which is similar to hemodialysis and based on the same principles, but hemodialysis does not remove toxins bound to albumin that accumulate in liver failure.
This is an AE which is a type of damage to or disease of the liver.
This is an AE which is some form of trauma sustained to the liver.
This is an AE which is the process of using one's hands to check theliver palpable subcostal, especially while perceiving/diagnosing a disease or illness.
This is an AE which refers pain or discomfort when an affected liver is touched.
This is an AE which occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue such as liver transplant rejection.
This is an AE which is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in the elderly population.
This is an AE which is a malignant liver cancer occurring in infants and children and composed of tissue resembling fetal liver cells, mature liver cells, or bile duct cells.
This is an AE which is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.
This is an AE which is damage to the hepatocellular caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is a syndrome of shortness of breath and hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood of the arteries) caused by vasodilation (broadening of the blood vessels) in the lungs of patients with liver disease.
This is an AE which is a rare form of lymphoma that is generally incurable, except in the case of an allogeneic stem cell transplant.
This is an AE which is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides and feel it pain.
This is an AE which is a rare, benign liver tumor and most commonly occurs in people with elevated systemic levels of estrogen, classically in women taking estrogen-containing oral contraceptive medication.
This is an AE which is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis and is metastatic.
This is an AE which refers abnormal accumulation of fluid in the hepatic interstitium, manifesting as swelling.
This is an AE which is common benign liver lesions that usually have no malignant capability and is generally asymptomatic and are often found incidentally by abdominal imaging procedures.
This is an AE which refers to the passage and lodging of an embolus within the bloodstream on the hepatic.
This is an AE which is the impaired liver function caused by the formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis due to damage caused by liver disease.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of hepatic tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce such as hepatic infection.
This is an AE which is disease caused by fungi on the hepatic.
This is an AE which occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or exposure to toxins such as alcohol, aflatoxin, or pyrrolizidine alkaloids and is malignant.
This is an AE which is a species of virus in the order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae, genus Hepatovirus.
This is an AE which can resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or (rarely) result in acute liver failure.
This is an AE which is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses.
This is an AE which is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae.
This is an AE which is a condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum.
This is an AE which is often asymptomatic early in its course and is detected only by liver laboratory studies for screening purposes or to evaluate non-specific symptoms.
This is an AE which is a type of viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV).
This is an AE which is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV);it is a type of viral hepatitis.
This is an AE which is a rare and life-threatening complication of acute hepatitis that can occur in cases of hepatitis B, D, and E, in addition to drug-induced and autoimmune hepatitis.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the liver tissue and is infective.
This is an AE which is an infection usually caused by the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) on the hepatitis.
This is an AE which develops in approximately 7% of blood recipients.
This is an AE which implies chemical-driven liver damage.
This is an AE which is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs (such as jaundice) of liver disease, and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80–90% of liver cells).
This is an AE whichis defined as the discrete onset of symptoms, the presence of jaundice or elevated serum alanine transaminase levels, and test results showing hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen.
This is an AE which refers infection is typically defined as the initial 6 months following exposure to the virus.
This is an AE which presents with tiny very itchy wheals and small bumps on a reddish background.
This is an AE which is a group of substances that blocks the action of the neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh) at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system.
This is an AE which is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high bilirubin levels.
This is an AE which is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood.
This is an AE which is due to significant damage to liver function → hepatic cell death and necrosis occur → impaired bilirubin transport across hepatocytes.
This is an AE which can then lead to complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
This is an AE which is an uncommon vascular condition characterised by multiple, randomly distributed, blood-filled cavities throughout the liver.
This is an AE which is a type of fatty liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in liver.
This is an AE which may progress to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), liver failure, and liver cancer.
This is an AE which is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and has become a curable disease.
This is an AE which is induced by immunocompetent alloreactive T lymphocytes in the donor graft responding to polymorphic and non-polymorphic host antigens and causing inflammation in primarily the liver.
acute graft versus host disease in liver AE
This is an AE which represents the terminal stage of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and one of the main causes of death among alcohol abusers.
This is an AE which is an altered level of consciousness as a result of liver failure.
This is an AE which is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications.
This is an AE which is an aggregation on the liver of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation.
This is an AE which is generally asymptomatic or rarely can lead to severe complications in immunocompetent hosts.
This is an AE which is the most common primary malignancy of the pancreas.
This is an AE which is a condition with oedematous characterized by inflammation of the pancreas.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and pancreatic.
This is an AE which is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body.
This is an AE which manifests with several symptoms such as bilateral nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, cough, snoring, hyponasal speech, hypopnea, and sleep apnea.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the adenoid tissue usually caused by an infection.
This is an AE which is a benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both.
This is an AE which is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APC gene.
This is an AE which is a metabolic disorder that causes immunodeficiency.
This is an AE which is a group of liver disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, negatively affecting the skin or nervous system.
This is an AE which describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout normal liver tissue.
This is an AE which is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism, including the human body, which is mainly carried out by the liver.
hepatic neoplasm malignant non-resectable AE
dilatation intrahepatic duct acquired AE
This is an AE which is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and the adaptive immune system and it is palpable.
This is an AE whcih is an uncommon disease with a relatively high rate of associated morbidity and mortality.
This is an AE which is a clinical diagnosis made in patients with adverse reactions to two or more structurally unrelated drugs with an underlying immune-mediated mechanism causing the reaction.
This is an AE which is a heterogeneous group of lymphomas that derive from the malignant transformation of marginal zone B-cells.
extranodal marginal zone b-cell malt type lymphoma AE
This is an AE which is a rare condition, but is associated with high mortality.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of lymph node tissue and is benign.
This is an AE which is an extremely rare infection of the central nervous system.
This is an AE which is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).
This is an AE which is classified as a lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by the relentless accumulation of mature B-lymphocytes showing a peculiar immunophenotype in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen.
This is an AE which is now a rare condition, the causes of which in child are more or less different from adult.
This is an AE which is often associated with an acute decline in renal function and may be associated with permanent renal insufficiency.
This is an AE which is the process of using one's hands to check the spleen, especially while perceiving/diagnosing a disease or illness.
This is an AE which represent a group of diseases, that develop in susceptible individuals after repeated exposure to usually organic inhalation antigen.
This is an AE which is a spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells (sometimes in association with lymphoplasmacytoid cells or B lymphocytes) over-produce and secrete into the blood stream a myeloma protein, i.e. an abnormal monoclonal antibody or portion thereof.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory disease of the breast parenchyma, rare in males.
This is an AE which is a disorder that negatively alters the body's processing and distribution of macronutrients such as proteins(such as plasma protein), fats, and carbohydrates .
This is an AE which is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which a plasma cell tumour grows within soft tissue or within the axial skeleton.
This is an AE which is a condition in which there is an unusually large proportion of plasma cells in tissues, exudates, or blood.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the lymph node .
This is an AE which refers to result from prior granulomatous infections, especially tuberculosis and histoplasmosis. Other, less common, causes are sarcoidosis, silicosis, amyloidosis, and calcifications secondary to the treatment of lymphomas (radiation therapy or chemotherapy).
This is an AE which is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal lymph node parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue.
This is an AE which is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and the adaptive immune system and some of it is rupture.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease on the lymph node usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.
This is an AE which is a disease caused by bacterial of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency.
This is an AE which is a disease caused by viral of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency.
This is an AE which is an enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes.
This is an AE which is malformations of the lymphatic system characterized by lesions that are thin-walled cysts; these cysts can be macroscopic, as in a cystic hygroma, or microscopic.
This is an AE which can occur in any age group, in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients, and in a single site or at multiple sites.
This is an AE which is a class of disorders which directly affect the components of the lymphatic system.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of lymphatic system tissue.
This is an AE which is defined as inflammation of the pituitary gland due to autoimmunity.
This is an AE which is an excessive number of lymphohistiocytes(tissue macrophages), and the term is also often used to refer to a group of rare diseases which share this sign as a characteristic.
This is an AE which is the rapid proliferation of normal appendix lymphocytic cells that resemble lymph tissue which may occur with bacterial or viral infections.
This is an AE which is the rapid proliferation of normal lymphocytic cells that resemble lymph tissue which may occur with bacterial or viral infections.
This is an AE which is a rare skin disorder and can appear very similar to anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
This is an AE which is a condition seen in some cases of AIDS or immunosuppression, in which the immune system begins to recover, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse.
This is an AE which is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a functioning body part.
This is an AE which is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism.
This is an AE which is immune-mediated inflammation or swelling of the muscles.
This is an AE which is a type of autoimmune myopathy characterized by relatively severe proximal weakness, myofiber necrosis with minimal inflammatory cell infiltrate on muscle biopsy, and infrequent extra-muscular involvement.
This is an AE which describes general immune-mediated inflammation of lung tissue.
This is an AE which is an immune disorder characterized by recurrent infections and low antibody levels, specifically in immunoglobulin (Ig) types IgG, IgM and IgA.
This is an AE which is a rare, benign and self-limited disease, affecting mainly young women and presenting with localised lymphadenopathy, fever and leucopenia in the majority of the reported cases.
histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis AE
This is an AE which is types of lymphoma affecting B cells.
This is an AE which is types of lymphoma affecting B cells and it is recurrent.
This is an AE which is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.
This is an AE which may present with a clinical pattern of vesicles indistinguishable from dermatitis herpetiformis, or with vesicles and bullae in a bullous pemphigoid-like appearance.
This is an AE which is autoimmune diseases which primarily affect the body system.
This is an AE which is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a functioning endocrine part.
This is an AE which is a chronic disease in which the body interprets the thyroid glands and its hormone products T3, T4 and TSH as threats, therefore producing special antibodies that target the thyroid's cells, thereby destroying it.
This is an AE which is autoimmune inflammation of the kidneys and may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules.
This is an AE which is an increasingly recognized type of chronic pancreatitis that can be difficult to distinguish from pancreatic carcinoma but which responds to treatment with corticosteroids, particularly prednisone.
This is an AE which is the most frequent cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction, most commonly presenting either as Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' Disease.
This is an AE which refers not produce autoantibodies or antigen-specific T or B cells and can be characterized by errors in the innate immune system.
This is an AE which is a rare form of cancerous lymphoma affecting T-cells.
This is an AE which is a disease of the lymph nodes on the vaccination site , in which they are abnormal in size or consistency.
This is an AE which refers to a group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in which aberrant T cells proliferate uncontrollably.
This is an AE which is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center.
This is an AE which is a cancer of B cells, a type of lymphocyte that is responsible for producing antibodies.
This is an AE which may arise as a consequence of the transformation of the underlying indolent lymphoma.
This is an AE which can be classified as noninfectious GLA and infectious GLA, noninfectious GLA includes sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reaction and infectious GLA can be classified as suppurative lymphadenitis (LA) and nonsuppurative LA.
This is an AE which is a disease of the lymph nodes on the injection site, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency.
This is an AE which represents a group of diseases characterized by non-granulomatous inflammation and necrosis of the lymph node, caused by a variety of infective and inflammatory diseases, most common being Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, acute Epstein Barr viral infection and systemic lupus erythematosis .
necrotising granulomatous lymphadenitis AE
This is an AE which is irregularities in the heartbeat, including when it is too fast or too slow and is nodal.
This is an AE which is a group of clinically indolent B-cell lymphomas postulated to derive from memory B lymphocytes in the 'marginal zone' of secondary lymphoid tissue.
This is an AE which is a type of nodal osteoarthritis degenerative joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.
This is an AE which is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas.
This is an AE which is a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive diseases associated with poor outcome.
peripheral t-cell lymphoma unspecified AE
This is an AE which is a reactive lymphadenitis affecting HIV-positive patients; furthermore, PGL is often a prodrome of AIDS-related complex and AIDS.
persistent generalised lymphadenopathy AE
This is an AE which is a high-grade neoplasm arising from precursor lymphocytes of B-cell lineage.
This is an AE which is inherited defects of the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system that lead to an increase in the incidence, frequency, or severity of infections and/or immune dysregulation.
This is an AE which is a rare type of lymphoma that forms in the mediastinum (the space in between the lungs) and predominantly affects young adults.
primary mediastinal large b-cell lymphoma AE
This is an AE which is a benign lymphocytic infiltrate that resembles cutaneous lymphoma histologically, clinically, or both.
This is an AE which is a genetic immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia.
This is an AE which is frequent, both as an apparently isolated defect (about one fourth of patients suffering otherwise unexplained repeated infections) and in association with a number of primary and required immunodeficiency states.
This is an AE which is a poorly defined dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by decreased levels of IgM while levels of other immunoglobulins are normal.
This is an AE which is one that affects a number of organs and tissues, or affects the body as a whole.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory state affecting the whole body.
systemic inflammatory response syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a highly heterogeneous disorder, characterized by differences in autoantibody profile, serum cytokines, and a multi-system involvement commonly affecting the skin, renal, musculoskeletal, and hematopoetic systems clinical manifestations involving.
This is an AE which is a type of mast cell disease, is a rare disorder affecting both children and adults caused by the accumulation of functionally defective mast cells (also called mastocytes) and CD34+ mast cell precursors.
This is an AE which is a rare but potentially life-threatening bleeding disorder characterized by autoantibodies directed against coagulation factor VIII.
This is an AE which is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus.
This is an AE which is an established treatment modality for a variety of hematologic malignancies.
This is an AE which is an immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species, which are called alloantigens or isoantigens.
This is an AE which is the lack of those reactions which may be transferred by lymphoid cells but not by serum.
This is an AE which is conditions which cause impairment of humoral immunity, which can lead to immunodeficiency.
This is an AE which is a state with infecion in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent.
infection in an immunocompromised host AE
This is an AE which is a form of diabetes that exhibits clinical features similar to both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
This is an AE which is a form of leukopenia associated with a deficiency of monocytes.
This is an AE which is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent.
This is an AE which is an acute condition involving a severe and dangerous lowered white blood cell count (leukopenia, most commonly of neutrophils) and thus causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.
This is an AE which is a rare WHO grade III type of astrocytoma, which is a type of cancer of the brain.
This is an AE which is integral to the treatment of various malignant haematological conditions.
autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant AE
This is an AE which is the condition of having greater than 200 basophils/μL in the venous blood.
This is an AE which is a relatively uncommon tumor of the bone. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells (osteoclast-like cells).
This is an AE which is the tapered, lower end of the spinal cord.
This is an AE which occurs predominantly in immunocompromised hosts.
disseminated cytomegaloviral infection AE
This is an AE which is the enlargement of red blood cells with near-constant hemoglobin concentration, and is defined by a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of greater than 100 femtolitres (the precise criterion varies between laboratories).
This is an AE which is the medical term for an unusually large tongue.
This is an AE which is a type of white blood cell of the immune system that engulfs and digests anything that does not have, on its surface, proteins that are specific to healthy body cells and is active.
This is an AE which is one type of mast cell activation disorder (MCAD), and is an immunological condition in which mast cells inappropriately and excessively release chemical mediators, resulting in a range of chronic symptoms, sometimes including anaphylaxis or near-anaphylaxis attacks.
This is an AE which is a type of round-cell tumor consisting of mast cells.
This is an AE which refers a type of mast cell disease, is a rare disorder affecting both children and adults caused by the accumulation of functionally defective mast cells (also called mastocytes) and CD34+ mast cell precursors.
This is an AE which is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus responsible for the production of blood thrombocytes (platelets), which are necessary for normal blood clotting.
This is an AE which is the most common demyelinating disease,in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
primary progressive multiple sclerosis AE
This is an AE which is a major cause of neurological disability, which accrues predominantly during progressive forms of the disease.
This is an AE which is the most common demyelinating disease and is progressive relapsing, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis AE
This is an AE which is the most common demyelinating disease and can relapsing, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
This is an AE which begins with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis AE
This is an AE which occurs in around 65% of those with initial relapsing-remitting MS, who eventually have progressive neurologic decline between acute attacks without any definite periods of remission.
secondary progressive multiple sclerosis AE
This is an AE which is considered one of the multiple sclerosis borderline diseases, which is a collection of diseases classified by some as MS variants and by others as different diseases.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin on the infusion site.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on the infusion site .
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli on the infusion site.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of infusion site not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which refers a somewhat high temperature on the infusion site.
This is an AE which is an iatrogenic infection occurring as an isolated case or as cluster outbreak.
This is an AE which is a type of hematoma of injection site tissue, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
This is an AE which is the accumulation of calcium salts in injection site tissue.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the injection site, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a harmful mutation or other deformation in injection site.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the skin on the injection site, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash.
This is an AE which is the shedding of the outermost membrane or layer of a tissue, such as injection site skin.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which there is local or more generalized decrease in normal lubrication of the skin or mucous membranes such in the injection site.
This is an AE which means "abnormal sensation" on the injection site.
This is an AE which is a chronic, relapsing, and remitting disease on the injection site that can affect patients from infancy through adulthood.
This is an AE which removes dead injection site skin from the body and face.
This is an AE which is the leakage of a fluid out of its container into the surrounding injection site area, especially blood or blood cells from vessels.
This is an AE which is a pathological wound healing on the injection site in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue.
This is an AE which is an aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation on the injection site.
This is an AE which is a condition on the injection site that involves an abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of the sense.
This is an AE which is an abnormal amount of hair growth over the injection site tissue.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of injection site tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is a common side effect on the injection site of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli.
This is an AE which is damage to the injection site caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is a injection site state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which refers to accumulation of fluid in an anatomic injection site joint space, usually without loculation.
This is an AE which is redness of the injection site joint skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a procedure used in the treatment of inflammatory joint conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, tendinitis, bursitis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, and occasionally osteoarthritis.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of injection site joint tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants,and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on the injection site joint often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of injection site joint area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which refers a somewhat high temperature on the injection site joint.
This is an AE which is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly such as in the injection site in which skin is torn, cut, or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound).
This is an AE which is a lack of muscle strength in the injection site.
This is an AE which is a form of cell injury in the injection site which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is injury to nervous tissue in the injection site.
This is an AE which refers a small aggregation of cells in the injection site.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the injection site tissue.
This is an AE which is a pale color of the injection site skin.
This is an AE which is a small, well-defined bump in the injection site skin.
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensation of the injection site skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
This is an AE which refers a type of cutaneous condition in the injection site .
This is an AE which is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system in the injection site .
This is an AE which is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury in the injection site tissue.
This is an AE which is small dilated blood vessels that can occur near the surface of the injection site skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter.
This is an AE which is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation on the injection site.
This is an AE which is redness of the instillation site skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensation of the instillation site skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
This is an AE which refers a liquid-filled cavity under the instillation site epidermis, commonly called a blister.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the joint.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the muscle.
This is an AE which is a rare complication of acute parotitis in children.
This is an AE which refers an abscess in the psoas muscle of the abdomen may be caused by lumbar tuberculosis.
This is an AE which is the most common symptom is fever, followed by abdominal pain and a tender mass on palpation of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
This is an AE which is an abscess located in the subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis).
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body caused by streptococcal.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the subdural.
This is an AE which is a condition that typically presents as collection of pus in the space between the periorbital and the lamina papyracea as a result of the migration and spread of an infection, such as sinusitis and ethmoiditis.
This is an AE which is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid.
This is an AE which is an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment such after vaccination.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the vaccination site.
This is an AE which is a vaccination site state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the vaccination site.
This is an AE which is a type of hematoma of vaccination site, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the vaccination site skin.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the vaccination site, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which there is local or more generalized decrease in normal lubrication of the vaccination site skin or mucous membranes.
This is an AE which defines as an unpleasant, abnormal sense of touch on the vaccination site.
This is an AE which refers to a broad range of conditions that begin as spongiotic dermatitis and may progress to a lichenified stage on the vaccination site.
This is an AE which is redness of the vaccination site skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a slough or piece of dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the vaccination site skin.
This is an AE which aims to remove dead skin from the vaccination site tissue.
This is an AE which is the leakage of a fluid out of its container into the surrounding area, especially blood or blood cells from vessels such as on the vaccination site .
This is an AE which is an aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation on the vaccination site.
This is an AE which is a vaccination site bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on the vaccination site .
This is an AE which refers to undesirable reactions on the vaccination site produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity.
This is an AE which is an abnormal amount of hair growth over the vaccination site tissue.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of vaccination site tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of vaccination site which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli.
This is an AE which is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous vaccination site surface to feel thicker and firmer.
This is an AE which is the invasion of vaccination site tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of vaccination site tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is damage to the vaccination site caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is a vaccination site state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which is the presence of increased intra-articular fluid on the vaccination site.
This is an AE which is redness of the vaccination site joint skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent resulting in joint inflammation on the vaccination site.
This is an AE which is a vaccination site symptom of injury, infection, illness (in particular arthritis), or an allergic reaction to medication.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of vaccination site joint not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which refers irregular tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma on the vaccination site.
This is an AE which is a change in vaccination site surface color, without elevation or depression, so nonpalpable, well or ill-defined, variously sized, but generally considered less than either 5 or 10 mm in diameter at the widest point.
This is an AE which is a form of cell injury on the vaccination site which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is injury to vaccination site nervous tissue.
This is an AE which refers a small aggregation of cells on the vaccination site.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in thevaccination site tissue.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on the vaccination site often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is a pale color of the vaccination site skin that can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, stimulant use, or anemia, and is the result of a reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin and may also be visible as pallor of the conjunctivae of the eyes on physical examination.
This is an AE which is a small, well-defined bump in the vaccination site skin.
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensation of the vaccination site skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
This is an AE which refers a type of cutaneous vaccination site condition.
This is an AE which is a vaccination site sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
This is an AE which is a small elevation of the vaccination site skin containing cloudy or purulent material (pus) usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.
This is an AE which is a change of the vaccination site skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which refers a hard coating on the vaccination site skin formed during the wound healing reconstruction phase.
This is an AE which is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces vaccination site skin after an injury.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in avaccination site membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ.
This is an AE which is a kind of vaccination site skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the wound.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body caused by the bacterial.
This is an AE which is a cost and clinically effective technique.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the limb.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the neck.
This is an AE which is the main and most serious complication which determines hemodynamic instability or septic state.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the soft tissue.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the administration site.
This is an AE which occurs when a Bartholin's gland within the labia becomes blocked.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the bone.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the thyroid gland and is acute.
This is an AE which is an uncommon systemic vasculitis, which involves small blood vessels of the lungs, peripheral nerves, skin, and, less frequently, the heart and gastrointestinal tract.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue and can cause allergic.
This is an AE which is a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to vaccine.
This is an AE which is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause shock.
This is an AE which is a widespread, proinflammatory, anaphylactic-like reaction that can occur when amniotic fluid enters the maternal blood circulation.
This is an AE which is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints caused by allergic.
This is an AE which is a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically caffeine substances in the environment.
This is an AE which is a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to contrast media substances in the environment.
This is an AE which is a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances such as dust in the environment.
This is an AE which is a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances such as dust in the house.
This is an AE which is a teeth condition that involves an abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of the sense.
This is an AE which is inflammation of small blood vessels (usually post-capillary venules in the dermis), characterized by palpable purpura.
This is an AE which is not well-known in clinical practice and it might be combined with the adverse reactions of intravascular contrast media which contain iodine.
This is an AE which is a medical term encompassing a range of allergic reactions to the proteins present in natural rubber latex.
This is an AE which is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk.
This is an AE which is a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically substances such as mite in the environment.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the application site.
This is an AE which is a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically substances such as mycotic in the environment.
This is an AE which is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch caused by allergic.
This is an AE which is a glycoprotein enzyme encoded in humans by the KLK3 gene and is free .
This is an AE which occurs when transplanted kidney tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.
This is an AE which occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.
This is an AE which refers an unfavorable evolution of a disease, health condition or medical treatment after transplantation.
This is an AE which is a kidney disorder which is the leading cause of kidney transplant failure, occurring months to years after the transplant.
This is an AE which is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) and occurs complications.
This is an AE which is characterized by a significant reduction in one or more of the cellular elements of the blood in the presence of normocellular or hypercellular bone marrow and splenomegaly.
This is an AE which is associated with autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, severe celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, untreated HIV infection and chronic graft-versus-host disease.
This is an AE which is a non-surgical procedure developed to treat hypersplenism as a result of hepatic disease and thus avoid the disadvantages of splenectomy.
This is an AE which refers abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium on the spleen, manifesting as swelling.
This is an AE which is the accumulation of calcium salts in a splenic tissue.
This is an AE which is most commonly due to endemic parasites or congenital (epithelial) cysts in children.
This is an AE which is an aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation on the splenic.
This is an AE which is a splenic localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is a condition in which blood flow supply to the spleen is compromised,leading to partial or complete infarction (tissue death due to oxygen shortage) in the organ.
This is an AE which includes a ruptured spleen, is any injury to the spleen.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of splenic, usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is any injury to the spleen and the rupture of a normal spleen can be caused by trauma.
This is an AE which is an enlargement of the spleen.
This is an AE which is the result of spleen tissue breaking off the main organ and implanting at another site inside the body.
This is an AE which refers to the absence of normal spleen function and is associated with some serious infection risks.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the tonsils in the upper part of the throat.
This is an AE which encompasses both cellulitis and abscess.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the tonsillar.
This is an AE which can recurre after marsupialization via microlaryngeal approach and finally it was resected successfully through a lateral cervical approach with concomitant tracheotomy.
This is an AE which is redness of the tonsillar skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a fluid emitted by an organism through tonsillar pores or a wound.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of tonsillar tissues to harmful stimuli.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tonsillar tissue.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a tonsillar membrane that impedes normal function of the affected tonsillar .
This is an AE which is inflammation of the tonsils in the upper part of the throat caused by viral.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory process of the tonsillar tissues and is usually infectious in nature.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the kidneys caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease.
This is an AE which is a type of lymphoma, in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cells called lymphocytes, where multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) are present in the patient's lymph nodes.
This is an AE which is the presence of an increased number of granulocytes in the peripheral blood.
This is an AE which is the presence of excessive amounts of myeloma protein or monoclonal gamma globulin in the blood.
This is an AE which is a multisystem disease of presumed autoimmune cause that affects pigmented tissues, which have melanin.
This is an AE which is an extremely rare disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication of a specific type of white blood cells called histiocytes, or tissue macrophages (technically, this disease is termed a non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis).
This is an AE which is antibodies, typically immunoglobulin M (IgM), that are acquainted with and then binding the antigens on red blood cells, typically antigens "I" or "i" on the RBC surface.
This is an AE which is a rare adverse event following immunization (AEFI).
This is an AE which is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley.
This is an AE which associates with lamotrigine.
滤泡中心淋巴瘤弥漫性小细胞淋巴瘤
follicle centre lymphoma diffuse small cell lymphoma AE
infusion site joint movement impairment AE
injection site joint movement impairment AE
instillation site foreign body sensation AE
vaccination site joint movement impairment AE
This is an AE which is caused by substances derived from microbial plaque accumulating at or near the gingival sulcus; all other suspected local and systemic etiologic factors either enhance plaque accumulation or retention, or enhance the susceptibility of the gingival tissue to microbial attack.
This is an AE which might be underestimated due to its asymptomatic and non-specific mild infection, and the lack of simple standardized laboratory diagnostics in hospitals, especially in the developing countries.
This is an AE which is large macroparasites caused infection; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye.
This is an AE which is a histological technique used to visualize acid-fast bacilli using fluorescence microscopy, notably species in the Mycobacterium genus and it can cause infection.
This is an AE which include skin infections such as cellulitis, pustules, and furuncles.
This is an AE which is the closed sac between the embryo and the amnion, containing the amniotic fluid and is infected.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an administration site by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce .
This is an AE which is a genus consisting of a few hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide and it can cause infection.
This is an AE which is uncommon and characterized by a chronic, indolent course before diagnosis.
This is an AE which is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Firmicutes, with 266 named species and it caused infection.
This is an AE which is one of the common complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), which is also one of the reasons of the hemorrhagic cystitis．
This is an AE which is a genus of single-celled heterokont parasites belonging to a group of organisms that are known as the Stramenopiles (also called Heterokonts) that includes algae, diatoms, and water molds and it can cause infection.
This is an AE which is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
This is an AE which is a genus of small (0.2 0.7 m), gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum Proteobacteria. Bordetella species, with the exception of B. petrii, are obligate aerobes, as well as highly fastidious, or difficult to culture and all species can infect humans.
This is an AE which is an etiological factor which should be considered in patients suffering from vertigo especially if positional nystagmus is present.
This is an AE which is an emerging pathogen causes life-threatening infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
burkholderia cepacia complex infection AE
This is an AE which is the inflammation of one or more bursae (fluid filled sacs) of synovial fluid in the body and is infective.
This is an AE which is an infection by the Campylobacter bacterium, most commonly C. jejuni.
This is an AE which is a fungal infection due to any type of Candida (a type of yeast) , when it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush.
This is an AE which refers a reemerging arbovirus, causes a crippling musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in humans characterized by fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia, rash, and headache.
This is an AE which is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
This is an AE which is a genus of Gram-negative coliform bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae and it causes infection.
枸橼酸杆菌属感染，柠檬酸杆菌感染
This is an AE which is a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds and it caused infection.
This is an AE which is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-positive and most are aerobic and it caused infection.
This is an AE which is a mainstay of adjunctive therapy for superficial bladder cancer that increases length of disease progression-free survival and it usually well tolerated, moderate to severe local and systemic infectious complications can occur with this immunotherapy.
This is an AE which is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans and it caused infection.
This is an AE which include asymptomatic infections, the primary infection, infectious mononucleosis, and the progression of asymptomatic or primary infections .
This is an AE which is an epilepsy syndrome in which new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is preceded by febrile illness 24 hours to 2 weeks prior to the onset of seizures.
febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a infection caused by genus of Gram-variable-staining facultative anaerobic bacteria of which Gardnerella vaginalis is the only species.
This is an AE which is an infection by a type of intestinal parasite known as a hookworm.
This is an AE which is the name given to all viruses in the genus Bocaparvovirus of virus family Parvoviridae that are known to infect humans.
This is an AE which has been associated with different epilepsy syndromes, including febrile seizures and status epilepticus, acute symptomatic seizures secondary to encephalitis and temporal lobe epilepsy.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease caused by certain types of human herpes viruses.
This is an AE which is a family of viruses whose natural hosts are primarily mammals such as human.
This is an AE which is the causation of a disease, a harmful complication, or other ill effect by any medical activity, including diagnosis, intervention, error, or negligence.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an implant site by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is defined as infections occurring up to 30 days after surgery (or up to one year after surgery in patients receiving implants) and affecting either the incision or deep tissue at the operation site.
This is an AE which is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected such as indirect infection.
This is an AE which is a wound received from the mouth of an animal or human and can caused infection.
This is an AE which is a closed infected sac , having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which has been widely documented in marine mammals and may cause morbidity and mortality at levels that result in population level effects.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce such as via vaccinee.
This is an AE which is the inflammation with infective of the fluid-filled sheath (called the synovium) that surrounds a tendon, typically leading to joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
This is an AE which refers a member of polyomaviridae family, has been described as a cause of the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and it is a potentially fatal, disabling demyelinating infection of the brain occurring mostly in the setting of immunosuppression.
This is an AE which is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that includes the species L. pneumophila, causing legionellosis (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever.
This is an AE which is an atypical mycobacterial infection, i.e. one with nontuberculous mycobacteria or NTM, caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which is made of two Mycobacterium species, M. avium and M. intracellulare.
mycobacterium avium complex infection AE
This is an AE which occur after traumatic injuries, minor skin lesions, nonpenetrating injuries, natural childbirth, and in postsurgical and immunocompromised patients.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by large genus of bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals.
This is an AE which is associated with high mortality and morbidity and is transmitted by direct and indirect contact.
This is an AE which is infections of the neonate (newborn) acquired during prenatal development or in the first four weeks of life (neonatal period).
This is an AE which is inflammation with noninfective of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid.
This is an AE which is a non-destructive and noninfective disease that causes inflammation of the gums.
This is an AE which is serologically cross-reactive and cross-protective, and after the cessation of smallpox vaccination, CPXV and other OPV infections represent an emerging threat to human health.
This is an AE which is involved in both juvenile and adult laryngeal papilloma.
This is an AE which is a common cause of seasonal upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults.
This is an AE which is an important emerging infection in young infants, able to cause sepsis-like disease and meningoencephalitis, especially in newborns.
This is an AE which may cause significant fetal damage, and in rare cases, brain anomalies and neurodevelopmental insults, especially if infection occurs in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by viruses have linear, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes that typically contain two genes encoding for a replication initiator protein, called NS1, and the protein the viral capsid is made of.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by species of parasitic protozoa that causes tertian malaria in humans.
This is an AE which is one of the most common causes of acute glomerulonephritis in children.
This is an AE which is the invasion of post procedural tissue by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is considered surgical site infection.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria .
This is an AE which is a genus of Gram-negative Proteobacteria caused infection.
This is an AE which is the invasion of puncture site tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by a type of virus that inserts a copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
This is an AE which is a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by the species of rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae.
This is an AE which is a severe invasive infection caused by genus of gram-positive coccus (plural cocci) or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Firmicutes.
severe invasive streptococcal infection AE
This is an AE which is an infection caused by a strictly aerobic Gram-negative bacterium that has a single polar flagellum with slow motility.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by that contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled) cells.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by a genus of Gram-negative bacteria,comprising at least ten species.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by a genus of gram-positive coccus (plural cocci) or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria), in the phylum Firmicutes.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an systemic body tissues by disease-causing agents such as bacterial, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which occurs in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but data in children receiving chemotherapy for acute leukemia are scarce.
This is an AE which is a fungal infection of the skin.
This is an AE which is a case of illness in which a vaccinated individual becomes sick from the same illness that the vaccine is meant to prevent.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family.
This is an AE which causes varicella (chickenpox), which can be severe in immunocompromised individuals, infants and adults.
This is an AE which is the major route of HCV infection in children.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by a genus of bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae.
This is an AE which is an infection aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation with septic on infantile .
This is an AE which is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning and is severe.
This is an AE which refers a result of severe infection.
This is an AE which is a viral infection of the skin that results in small raised pink lesions with a dimple in the center.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin.
This is an AE which is inflammation of eye tissues behind the orbital septum.
This is an AE which describes an uncomplicated inflammation of the dermis and hypodermis from a noninfectious etiology.
This is an AE which is characterized as a disruption to the microbiota homeostasis caused by an imbalance in the microflora, changes in their functional composition and metabolic activities, or a shift in their local distribution.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection most commonly caused by Listeria monocytogenes,although L. ivanovii and L. grayi have been reported in certain cases.
This is an AE which is a serious fungal infection, usually in people who are immunocompromised.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease affecting either the lungs (pulmonary nocardiosis) or the whole body (systemic nocardiosis).
This is an AE which is a mammalian fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii.
This is an AE which is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type.
This is an AE which is localized redness, heat, swelling and pain.
This is an AE which is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
This is an AE which is disease caused by fungi.
This is an AE which remains a rare disease occurring mostly in patients with predisposing host conditions.
This is an AE which is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.
This is an AE which is a infection caused by a cytolytic Coxsackievirus of the Picornaviridae family, an enterovirus (a group containing the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses).
This is an AE which causes clinically significant illness during acute and recurrent infection accompanied by robust innate and acquired immune responses.
播散性水痘带状疱疹疫苗病毒感染
disseminated varicella zoster vaccine virus infection AE
disseminated varicella zoster virus infection AE
This is an AE which is acute febrile tick-borne infectious diseases caused by members from the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by any of the amoebae of the Entamoeba genus.
This is an AE which is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by ebolaviruses.
This is an AE which is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with a eukaryotic parasite in the order Piroplasmida, typically a Babesia or Theileria, in the phylum Apicomplexa.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease produced by bacteria of the genus Bartonella.
This is an AE which is a food-borne parasitic infection caused by the lung fluke, most commonly Paragonimus westermani.
This is an AE which was a mysterious and contagious disease that struck England and later continental Europe in a series of epidemics beginning in 1485.
This is an AE which is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
This is an AE which is a disease caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium that affects humans and other animals.
This is an AE which is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals.
This is an AE which is a blood infection caused by the bacteria Leptospira.
This is an AE which is a vector-borne disease caused by infection with certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia, which is transmitted through the bites of lice or soft-bodied ticks (genus Ornithodoros).
This is an AE which is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
This is an AE which is a near-cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by adult or larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae).
This is an AE which is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to South-western part of India.
This is an AE which can cause an indolent cellulitis, more commonly in individuals who handle fish and raw meat.
This is an AE which is a human parasitic disease caused by the nematode called Strongyloides stercoralis, or sometimes the closely related S.
This is an AE which is a disease caused by intracellular bacteria.
This is an AE which is a viral disease of humans and livestock that can cause mild to severe symptoms.
This is an AE which is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease that most often results from a scratch or bite of a cat.
This is an AE which is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
This is an AE which is a rickettsial disease of sheep and cattle characterised by high fever and severe leucopaenia.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection that produces tissue gas in gangrene.
This is an AE which is when a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but does not have active tuberculosis.
This is an AE which is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.
This is an AE which is a tick-borne, infectious disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular bacterium that is typically transmitted to humans by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus species complex, including Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus in North America.
This is an AE which caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) viruses, is included in List A of the Office International des Epizooties.
This is an AE which is a disease resulting from a group A streptococcus (group A strep) infection.
This is an AE which is a form of typhus caused by the intracellular parasite Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Gram-negative α-proteobacterium of family Rickettsiaceae first isolated and identified in 1930 in Japan.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses.
This is an AE which is an infestation of lice (blood-feeding ectoparasitic insects of the order Phthiraptera).
This is an AE which is damage to the body internal tissue caused by an external force.
This is an AE which results from damage, wear, or trauma to the bones, muscles, or other tissues of the back.
This is an AE which is damage to the bursa caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is two rounded portions of the exterior anatomy of most mammals, located on the posterior of the pelvic region and is injury.
This is an AE which is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue but is injury, rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints and nerves, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.
This is an AE which comprises nonfreezing injuries that include chilblain (aka pernio) and trench, or immersion, foot, as well as freezing injuries that affect core body tissues resulting in hypothermia of peripheral tissues, causing frostnip or frostbite.
This is an AE which is injury by an object that causes compression of the body.
This is an AE which is injury on the consist of the mucosal tissue that lies over the mandible and maxilla inside the mouth.
This is an AE which is a preventable adverse effect of care ("iatrogenesis"), whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient.
This is an AE which is injury lies on between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column.
This is an AE which is injury on the connection made between bones in the body which link the skeletal system into a functional whole.
This is an AE which is injury on the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones.
This is an AE which is injury on a visible body part at the mouth of many animals, including humans.
This is an AE which is injury on crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity.
This is an AE which refers to damage of muscular or skeletal systems, which is usually due to a strenuous activity.
This is an AE which is a common source of pain and has a great deal of functionality but is also subject to a lot of stress.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of normal levels.
This is an AE which plays a key role in deterioration of renal function in both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI).
This is an AE which is an injury to part of the musculoskeletal or nervous system caused by repetitive use, vibrations, compression or long periods in a fixed position.
This is an AE which is injury on a structural frame that supports an animal body.
This is an AE which is injuries that occur during sport, athletic activities, or exercising.
This is an AE which is injury on a tough, high-tensile-strength band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
This is an AE which is injury on a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical vertebrate.
This is an AE which refers to trauma (injury) to the teeth and/or periodontium (gums, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone), and nearby soft tissues such as the lips, tongue, etc.
This is an AE which is a non-medical term describing a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck associated with extension, although the exact injury mechanisms remain unknown.
This is an AE which occurs when living tissue is exposed to a corrosive substance (such as a strong acid, base or oxidizer) or a cytotoxic agent (such as mustard gas, lewisite or arsine).
This is an AE which refers macrophages present dysfunctional efferocytosis and abnormal phenotypes, which could result in excessive neutrophil accumulation and prolonged inflammation, thereby eventually hindering wound repair.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of wound tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or punctured (an open wound).
This is an AE which is those wounds acquired during surgical procedures.
This is an AE which refers associating anterograde amnesia persisting for fifteen years, with temporal disorientation, false recognitions, initially intense transitory confabulation and secondarily bursts of confabulation, intact remote memory and persistence of old learnings.
This is an AE which is a form of acquired epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, abbreviated TBI).
This is an AE which is a rare disorder occured on post-traumatic that is associated with neck pain and tingling/numbness of the tongue.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on the post-traumatic often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder that can develop because of exposure to a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, domestic violence or other threats on a person's life.
This is an AE which is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound).
This is an AE which usually resulting from accidental injury; there are pathogenic organisms and foreign bodies in the wound.
This is an AE which is a localized wound bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged wound haemorrhage blood vessels.
This is an AE which is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis occured on the wound.
This is an AE which is a type of application site injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound) .
This is an AE which is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection and is rupture.
This is an AE which is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue and is rupture.
This is an AE which is a rare injury that occurs primarily during strength training.
This is an AE which is breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labor.
This is an AE which is a common complication of chronic knee arthritis.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue and is rupture.
This is an AE which is a specific form of penetrating trauma to the skin that results from a knife or a similar pointed object.
This is an AE which is a wound, usually a puncture or laceration, caused by the teeth.
This is an AE which is a skin injury that occurs when exposed to extreme low temperatures, causing the freezing of the skin or other tissues, commonly affecting the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin areas.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which damage occurs to capillary beds in the skin, most often in the hands or feet, when blood perfuses into the nearby tissue resulting in redness, itching, inflammation, and possibly blisters.
This is an AE which is substances that can cause death, injury or harm to organs, tissues, cells, and DNA usually by chemical reactions , when an organism is exposed to a sufficient quantity.
This is an AE which is a mark of abrasion on a surface.
This is an AE which is a slough or piece of dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin, particularly after a burn injury, but also seen in gangrene, ulcer, fungal infections, necrotizing spider bite wounds, tick bites associated with spotted fevers and exposure to cutaneous anthrax.
This is an AE which is the toxic effect of certain metals in certain forms and doses on life.
This is an AE which is the negative behavior and physical effects caused by a recent consumption of alcohol.
This is an AE which refers irregular tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma.
This is an AE which is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch scar.
This is an AE which prior to lenvatinib administration prevented hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy.
This is an AE which is a type of hematoma of administration site tissue, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the administration site skin.
This is an AE which is redness of the administration site skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding such as administration site outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on the administration site.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli on the administration site.
This is an AE which is dermal thickening on the administration site causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of administration site tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is a administration site state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which is a administration site joint distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in administration site tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is injury to administration site nervous tissue.
This is an AE which refers a small aggregation of cells on the administration site.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the administration site tissue.
This is an AE which is a administration site distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is a administration site sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
This is an AE which is a change of the administration site skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of administration site not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the administration site that are produced in the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells.
This is an AE which refers a somewhat high temperature on the administration site.
This is an AE which refers a pustule is a small elevation of the application site skin containing cloudy or purulent material (pus) usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.
This is an AE which refers a hard coating on the application site skin formed during the wound healing reconstruction phase.
This is an AE which is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury such as application site scar.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of application site not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the application site that are produced in the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells.
This is an AE which refers a somewhat high temperature on application site .
This is an AE which is redness of the catheter site skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on catheter site.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on catheter site often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of implant site not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the incision site skin.
This is an AE which refers the emission or secretion of fluid containing mucus and pus on incision site.
This is an AE which is redness of the incision site skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on incision site often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is a incision site sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of incision site not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is redness of the puncture site skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on puncture site .
This is an AE which is dermal thickening on puncture site causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on post procedural.
This is an AE which is a postoperative medical condition in which the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of normal levels.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due topost procedural and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is a post procedural medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death.
This is an AE which is an unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or post procedural.
This is an AE which is a type of fistula occured on post procedural in which bile flows along an abnormal connection from the bile ducts into nearby hollow structure.
This is an AE which is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces) on post procedural, such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs.
This is an AE which is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond postvaccinal.
This is an AE which is an acute vigorous local inflammatory reaction following vaccination.
extensive swelling of vaccinated limb AE
This is an AE which is procedural condition of blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels .
This is an AE which is often underestimated and neglected because of various myths, beliefs, and difficulties in its evaluation and treatment.
This is an AE which is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck and is procedural .
This is an AE which is an imprecise term that can refer to a sense of disorientation in space, vertigo, or lightheadedness and is procedural .
This is an AE which is a transient hyperthyroidism caused by inflammation associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis disturbing the thyroid follicles, resulting in excess release of thyroid hormone.
This is an AE which is an aids related unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment .
This is an AE which is defined by an operative report confirming malfunction within 72 h of neuroimaging.
This is an AE which is the stream of consciousness that detaches from current, external tasks when attention drifts to a more personal and internal direction.
This is an AE which is a change in the action or side effects of a drug caused by concomitant administration with a food, beverage, supplement, or another drug.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is an extra administration of a vaccine after an earlier (primer) dose but it is missed.
This is an AE which is a staining method used to detect polysaccharides such as glycogen, and mucosubstances such as glycoproteins, glycolipids and mucins in tissues.
This is an AE which is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) and/or organs (macroscopic scale), and/or the abnormal histology or anatomical structure presumably resulting from such growth.
This is an AE which can refer to any type of incorrect perfusion though it usually refers to hypoperfusion.
This is an AE which may refer to the surgical removal of any part or organ, roughly synonymous to excision.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the puncture site .
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on puncture site often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of puncture site not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is redness of the stoma site skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is redness of the vessel puncture site skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on vessel puncture site.
This is an AE which is an suture related unfavorable result of a disease.
This is an AE which is the medical term for using a machine called a ventilator to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation and it appears an unfavorable result of a disease.
This is an AE which is an anaesthetic unfavorable result of a disease, health condition, or treatment.
This is an AE which is among the most devastating consequences of gastrointestinal surgery.
This is an AE which is a delayed adverse reaction to a blood transfusion or platelet transfusion that occurs when the body has produced alloantibodies to the allogeneic transfused platelets' antigens.
This is an AE which is a wheel and flare reaction occurring within 30 to 60 minutes after skin and mucosal contact.
This is an AE which is a way to detect irritated nerves.
This is an AE which is a series of radiographs used to examine the gastrointestinal tract for abnormalities.
This is an AE which is a infestation of insects from the genus Cimex that feed on human blood, usually at night.
This is an AE which is defined as sudden onset of poor muscle tone, reduced consciousness, and pale or bluish skin occurring within 48 hours after vaccination, most commonly pertussis vaccination.
This is an AE which is a type of severe reaction that occurs in response to particular medications used during general anesthesia, among those who are susceptible.
This is an AE which is one of the adverse effects related to treatment with bimatoprost.
This is an AE which is a system to assess the severity of coma.
This is an AE which is a condition that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.
contraindication to medical treatment AE
This is an AE which is a technique for noninvasive stimulation of the human brain.
This is an AE which is a temporary means of pacing a patient's heart during a medical emergency.
This is an AE which is a test used in physical examination to look for evidence of irritation of the meninges.
This is an AE which is a form of viral shedding following a viral infection caused by a statistically insignificant number[citation needed] of administrations of attenuated (or "live virus") vaccines, which is a specific vaccine technology that uses an attenuated form of a live virus.
This is an AE which describes a transient sensation of an electric shock extending down the spine and/or extremities upon flexion of the neck, often a sequela of neurologic disease.
administration site joint movement impairment AE
administration site movement impairment AE
post vaccination challenge strain shedding AE
This is an AE which is an abnormal condition of the mind that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real and it is transient.
This is an AE which is a very specific syndrome in relation to seizure activity: a clear temporal relationship exists between the psychotic state of sudden onset and a precipitating bout of complex partial or generalized seizures, with a characteristic lucid interval which lasts from two to 120h.
This is an AE which is a behavioral disorder characterized by explosive outbursts of anger and/or violence, often to the point of rage, that are disproportionate to the situation at hand (e.g., impulsive shouting, screaming or excessive reprimanding triggered by relatively inconsequential events).
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder, specifically a disorder primarily of mood, consisting of the same cognitive and physical problems as depression, but with longer-lasting symptoms.
This is an AE which is a form of psychosis that is attributed to substance use.
This is an AE which is a lipid-rich (fatty) substance that surrounds nerve cell axons (the nervous system's "wires") to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) are passed along the axon.
This is an AE which is a personality disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, distorted sense of self, and strong emotional reactions.
This is an AE which is a communication disorder in which there are difficulties with verbal and written expression.
This is an AE which is a class of psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity – failure to resist a temptation, an urge, or an impulse; or having the inability to not speak on a thought.
This is an AE which is one of several chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs).
This is an AE which is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and an unstable mood.
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioural disorder.
This is an AE which is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency toward a solitary or sheltered lifestyle, secretiveness, emotional coldness, detachment and apathy.
This is an AE which is a condition in which multisensory input is not adequately processed in order to provide appropriate responses to the demands of the environment.
This is an AE which is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a diagnostic category defining patients who have both anxiety and depressive symptoms of limited and equal intensity accompanied by at least some autonomic features.
mixed anxiety and depressive disorder AE
This is an AE which is a communication disorder in which both the receptive and expressive areas of communication may be affected in any degree, from mild to severe.
mixed receptive-expressive language disorder AE
This is an AE which is a psychological response to a terrifying, traumatic, or surprising experience.
This is an AE which is a disability resulting in difficulty learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, performing mathematical calculations and learning facts in mathematics.
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder with anxiety, which is a maladaptive response to a psychosocial stressor that occurs when an individual has significant difficulty adjusting to or coping with a stressful psychosocial event.
This is an AE which is a cluster of mental disorders characterized by significant and uncontrollable feelings of anxiety and fear such that a person's social, occupational, and personal function are significantly impaired.
This is an AE which is conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception.
This is an AE which is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth and the process becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a cluster C personality disorder marked by an excessive need for orderliness, neatness, and perfectionism.
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder AE
This is an AE which is a group of conditions of mental and behavioral disorder where a disturbance in the person's mood is the main underlying feature.
This is an AE which refers to frequent and persistent detachment from bodily self and disengagement from the outside world.
depersonalisation/derealisation disorder AE
This is an AE which is a disorder where individuals have difficulties with verbal and nonverbal social communication.
social (pragmatic) communication disorder AE
This is an AE which is the most abundant type of granulocytes and make up 40% to 70% of all white blood cells in humans but it becomes function disorder.
This is an AE which is clinically associated with left ventricular failure in the presence of marked cardiomegaly, while diastolic dysfunction is accompanied by pulmonary congestion together with a normal or only slightly enlarged ventricle.
This is an AE which is a mental disorder characterized by the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body part or appearance is severely flawed and therefore warrants exceptional measures to hide or fix it.
This is an AE which is physical pain that is caused, increased, or prolonged by mental, emotional, or behavioral factors.
This is an AE which is a condition in the brain that causes difficulties comprehending or processing information and can be caused by several different factors.
This is an AE which is a speech disorder in which some sounds (phonemes) are not produced or used correctly.
This is an AE which is disorders that involve the processing of linguistic information.
This is an AE which is a condition in which a sufferer displays difficulty reading.
This is an AE which is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired coordination of physical movements as a result of brain messages not being accurately transmitted to the body.
This is an AE which is probably a different disease than chronic tic disorders including Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.
This is an AE which is a rare disorder whose most notable features are pain in the mandibular, ocular and rectal areas as well as flushing.
This is an AE which is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes.
This is an AE which is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes auditory information.
This is an AE which is a family of sleep disorders which affect the timing of sleep.
This is an AE which is a condition in which a person has difficulties sitting or is unable to do so at all; usually due to pain.
This is an AE which is the false perception of tactile sensory input that creates a hallucinatory sensation of physical contact with an imaginary object.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as teeth hypoesthesia.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as hypoaesthesia facial.
This is an AE which is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, accompanied by symptoms such as irritability or fatigue during wakefulness.
This is an AE which is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens.
This is an AE which is a sleep disorder in which people have trouble sleeping.
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder in which a person has intrusive thoughts (called "obsessions") and/or feels the need to perform certain routines repeatedly (called "compulsions") to an extent where it induces distress or impairs one's general functioning.
This is an AE which is an umbrella name for impulse control behaviors involving compulsively damaging one's physical appearance or causing physical injury.
This is an AE which refers a toxic condition in which neurological symptoms arise without a definable organic cause.
This is an AE which is the act of cleaning one's hands with soap and water to remove viruses/bacteria/microorganisms, dirt, grease, or other harmful and unwanted substances stuck to the hands and is compulsive .
This is an AE which is a condition of reduced emotional reactivity in an individual.
This is an AE which is an extreme or rapid change in mood.
This is an AE which is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.
This is an AE which is the repetition of a particular response (such as a word, phrase, or gesture) regardless of the absence or cessation of a stimulus.
This is an AE which is a state of low mood and aversion to activity.
This is an AE which is the act of intentionally causing one's own death caused by depression.
This is an AE which means difficulties in talking due to structural defects in speech organs, such as sigmatism (defective pronunciation of sibilant sounds, for example "S" pronounced as "TH") and rhotacism, in which the letter "R" pronounced as "I or Y".
This is an AE which describes excessive speech at a rapid rate that involves causal association between ideas.
This is an AE which is a state which occurs when the ability to maintain an awareness of self and environment is lost.
This is an AE which refers to a lack of will or initiative and can be seen as a disorder of diminished motivation (DDM).
This is an AE which is human vocal communication using language and it is slow.
This is an AE which is sudden periods of intense fear and discomfort that may include palpitations, sweating, chest pain, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling of impending doom or of losing control.
This is an AE which is an anxiety disorder characterized by sentiments of fear and anxiety in social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some aspects of daily life.
This is an AE which is an intensely unpleasant emotion in response to perceiving or recognizing a danger or threat such as social communication.
This is an AE which is a category of sleep disorders that involve abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams that occur while falling asleep, sleeping, between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep.
This is an AE which is a phenomenon of combined sleep and wakefulness.
This is an AE which is closely related to emotion, and usually refers to the conscious subjective experience of emotions such as jittery.
This is an AE which is defined as an unpleasant, abnormal sense of touch.
This is an AE which occurs when one or more of the body's senses experiences over-stimulation from the environment.
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensation of the mucosal skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
This is an AE which is numbness or pain in the outer thigh not caused by injury to the thigh, but by injury to a nerve that extends from the spinal column to the thigh.
This is an AE which is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment and has slow response to stimuli.
This is an AE which is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment and is hyporesponsive to stimuli.
This is an AE which is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment and is hyperresponsive to stimuli.
This is an AE which refers the ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli such as weather change.
This is an AE which is a condition in which a person with a disability is cognitively unaware of having it due to an underlying physical condition.
This is an AE which is an instinct or thought process that is believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of delusion and irrationality.
This is an AE which is a set of delusional conditions in which the affected persons believe they are being persecuted, despite a lack of evidence.
This is an AE which is transitory pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's regular pain management.
This is an AE which is suggested to be similar to classic migraines, with cortical spreading depression leading to aura formation but without an associated headache.
This is an AE which is memory-based delusion or confabulation, or an inability to distinguish between real and fantasy memories.
This is an AE which is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.
This is an AE which is a borrowed French word expressing the feeling that one has lived through the present situation before.
This is an AE which is a memory disorder characterized by sudden retrograde episodic memory loss, said to occur for a period of time ranging from hours to years to decades.
This is an AE which is the most common type of primary headache.
This is an AE which is an extreme or irrational fear or phobia of heights, especially when one is not particularly high up.
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder, specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks.
This is an AE which is a mixed perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the qualities of a real perception.
This is an AE which is human vocal communication using language and is disorganised.
This is an AE which is a cortical development malformation that is commonly associated with refractory epilepsy.
This is an AE which is neurological disorders caused by clumps of gray matter (nodules of neurons) located in the wrong part of the brain.
This is an AE which refers to an inflammation of the pituitary gland and is rare .
This is an AE which is characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egotistical traits.
This is an AE which is damage to a person's mind as a result of one or more events that cause overwhelming amounts of stress that exceed the person's ability to cope or integrate the emotions involved, eventually leading to serious, long-term negative consequences.
This is an AE which is a neurological disorder whose key defining characteristic is a temporary but almost total disruption of short-term memory with a range of problems accessing older memories.
This is an AE which is the fear of confined spaces.
This is an AE which is a key component in all modern etiological models of insomnia disorder.
This is an AE which refers to the property of a vaccine of being able to produce common, "expected" adverse reactions, especially excessive immunological responses and associated signs and symptoms, including fever and sore arm at the injection site.
This is an AE which is a fear of being on an airplane, or other flying vehicle, such as a helicopter, while in flight.
This is an AE which is the specific phobia of isolation; a morbid fear of being egotistical, or a dread of being alone or isolated.
This is an AE which is the experience of the transitional state from wakefulness to sleep: the hypnagogic state of consciousness, during the onset of sleep.
This is an AE which is a common disabling condition following brain damage to the right hemisphere.
This is an AE which is a distortion of the senses, which can reveal how the human brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation.
This is an AE which refers a memory is suddenly and unexpectedly revisited.
This is an AE which is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact.
This is an AE which is an alteration in the perception of the external world, causing sufferers to perceive it as unreal, distant, distorted or falsified.
This is an AE which is an intrinsic feature of a living matter.
This is an AE which is a hypnopompic perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the qualities of a real perception.
This is an AE which is a fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder classified as a Dissociative disorder and a Dissociative [conversion] disorder.
This is an AE which occurs due to a difference between actual and expected motion.
This is an AE which is an awakening occurring earlier (more than 30 minutes) than desired with an inability to go back to sleep, and before total sleep time reaches 6.5 hours.
This is an AE which is the process of diverting the attention of an individual or group from a desired area of focus and thereby blocking or diminishing the reception of desired information.
This is an AE which is a subtype of delusion that occur in patients suffering from a wide range of psychiatric diseases, including two-thirds of patients in manic state of bipolar disorder, half of those with schizophrenia, patients with the grandiose subtype of delusional disorder, and a substantial portion of those with substance abuse disorders.
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder,specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives their environment to be unsafe with no easy way to escape.
This is an AE which is an emotional and occasionally psychological state experienced when an individual is left without anything in particular to do, is not interested in their surroundings, or feels that a day or period is dull or tedious.
This is an AE which is the focused attention on the symptoms of one's distress, and on its possible causes and consequences, as opposed to its solutions, according to the Response Styles Theory proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema (1998).
This is an AE which is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.
This is an AE which is the dropping of tears (or welling of tears in the eyes) in response to an emotional state, or pain.
This is an AE which refers a psychological fear of water.
This is an AE which is the unsolicited repetition of vocalizations made by another person (when repeated by the same person, it is called palilalia).
This is an AE which is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.
This is an AE which is an anxiety disorder in which a person who is otherwise capable of speech becomes unable to speak when exposed to specific situations, specific places, or to specific people, one or multiple of which serving as triggers.
This is an AE which is a sleep disorder causing feelings of panic or dread and typically occurring during the first hours of stage 3 4 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and lasting for 1 to 10 minutes.
This is an AE which is a non-associative learning process in which repeated administration of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response.
This is an AE which is a common fear or phobia among children and, to a varying degree, adults.
This is an AE which is commonly described as a benign neoplasm emerging from the cells that comprise the adrenal cortex.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the adrenal.
This is an AE which is a form of adrenal cortex cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is conditions that interfere with the normal functioning of the adrenal glands.
This is an AE which describes an acute blood loss from a ruptured blood vessel connecting to adrenal glands above kidneys.
This is an AE which is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for their tendency to overproduce endocrine hormones.
This is an AE which is disorders of the endocrine system such as adrenal medulla.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of adrenal tissue.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol; but may also include impaired production of aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), which regulates sodium conservation, potassium secretion, and water retention.
This is an AE which is a critical care emergency characterized by hemodynamic instability, lethargy, and cardiovascular collapse.
This is an AE which is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.
This is an AE which is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis.
This is an AE which indicates insufficient weight gain or absence of appropriate physical growth in children.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection that results in the death of parts of the body's soft tissue.
This is an AE which is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood.
This is an AE which is believed to be an autosomal dominant condition in which multiple lipomas are present on the body.
This is an AE which is a benign tumor made of fat tissue.
This is an AE which is a condition that is almost exclusively found in women and results in enlargement of both legs due to deposits of fat under the skin.
This is an AE which is a group of diseases whose hallmark is inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (the fatty layer under the skin – panniculus adiposus).
This is an AE which is a panniculitis on the back of the calves.
This is an AE which is a non-cancerous (benign) skin tumour that originates from cells in the outer layer of the skin.
This is an AE which is a long-term skin disorder.
This is an AE which is illnesses where trouble occurs in breaking down or synthesizing fats (or fat-like substances).
This is an AE which is the term describing the localized loss of fat tissue.
This is an AE which is the development of symptoms when standing upright that are relieved when reclining.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the mitochondria of a body's cells become damaged or decline significantly in number.
This is an AE which is a lack of something such as mitochondrial enzyme.
This is an AE which is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
This is an AE which is a rare immune-mediated blistering skin disease frequently associated with medication exposure, especially vancomycin, with men and women being equally affected.
This is an AE which causes renal calculi.
adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency AE
This is an AE which is used to describe the condition where a child does not reach one of these stages at the expected age.
This is an AE which is a medical condition resulting from not enough growth hormone (GH).
This is an AE which is one of the fundamental processes of adolescent development and the process becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol.
This is an AE which is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).
This is an AE which is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney.
This is an AE which is two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation.
This is an AE which is a type of hematoma of kidney tissue, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
This is an AE which in humans is associated with RET mutations.
This is an AE which is an abnormality that a person is born with in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal (hypoplastic) but with normal structure.
This is an AE which is an arterial vascular event that may cause irreversible damage to kidney tissues.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which the kidneys are functioning at less than 15% of normal levels on neonatal.
This is an AE which is a rare side effect of cisplatin that manifests with polyuria, hypovolemia, and hyponatremia, and, because of similarities in clinical settings and laboratory values, it is frequently misdiagnosed as a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone.
This is an AE which is a form of renal cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is an important contributor to graft loss in chronic renal allograft injury.
This is an AE which is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) develops in the urinary tract.
This is an AE which is a cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children, rarely in adults.
This is an AE which is a rare cause of acute kidney failure.
This is an AE which is an accumulation of serous fluid in a renal cavity.
This is an AE which is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a renal blood vessel.
This is an AE which continues to be a difficult malignancy to treat because of its ability to spread asymptomatically and its inherent resistance to conventional chemotherapy.
This is an AE which is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue such as kidney fibrosis.
This is an AE which is two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates and is small.
This is an AE which is a medical condition involving the death of tubular epithelial cells that form the renal tubules of the kidneys.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the area of the kidney known as the renal interstitium, which consists of a collection of cells, extracellular matrix, and fluid surrounding the renal tubules.
This is an AE which is a rare medical condition in which there is uveitis (inflammation of the uvea in the eye) together with tubulointerstitial nephritis (inflammation of the tubules inside the kidney).
肾小管间质性肾炎和葡萄膜炎综合征
tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a medical condition that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine.
This is an AE which is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys).
This is an AE which is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function, (usually a 50% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within 3 months) with glomerular crescent formation seen in at least 50% or 75% of glomeruli seen on kidney biopsies.
glomerulonephritis rapidly progressive AE
This is an AE which is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney and its vascular becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is hardening of the glomeruli in the kidney.
This is an AE which is a localized renal bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection.
This is an AE which is a form of diabetes insipidus primarily due to pathology of the kidney.
This is an AE which is tumours, or growths, on or in the kidney.
This is an AE which is damage to or disease of a kidney.
This is an AE which refers to accumulation of fluid in an anatomic space such as perinephric.
This is an AE which is determined by measuring plasma glucose levels 2 hours after glucose loading in the oral glucose tolerance test.
This is an AE which include problems that develop rapidly (acute) or over time (chronic) and may affect many organ systems.
This is an AE which occurs predominantly after the age of 50 years but is not easy to distinguish from late onset insulin-dependent diabetes.
diabetes mellitus non-insulin-dependent AE
This is an AE which is a reversible form of coma found in people with diabetes mellitus.
This is an AE which is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time and it is inadequate control.
This is an AE which is of interest due to their remarkable resistance to heal; severe thermal burns are addressed due to critical need for effective therapies for the prevention shock and improvement in scarring.
This is an AE which is a group of metabolic disorders with foetopathy characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time.
This is an AE which is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus.
This is an AE which is a serious and potentially life-threatening acute complication of diabetes mellitus with hyperglycaemic.
diabetic ketoacidotic hyperglycaemic coma AE
This is an AE which results from failure of the pancreas to produce enough insulin due to loss of beta cells.
This is an AE which is a necrotising skin condition that usually occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus but can also be associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
This is an AE which is any pathology that results directly from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and/or sensory neuropathy affecting the feet in diabetes mellitus; it is a long-term (or "chronic") complication of diabetes mellitus.
This is an AE which may involve a number of genes including HFE and TFR2.
This is an AE which is a rare condition characterized by late onset of developmental delays—or severe and sudden reversals—in language, social function, and motor skills.
This is an AE which is a metabolic state caused by uncontrolled production of ketone bodies that cause a metabolic acidosis.
This is an AE which is a metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood or urine.
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by the buildup of lactate (especially L-lactate) in the body, with formation of an excessively low pH in the bloodstream.
This is an AE which is a common condition caused by a decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products.
This is an AE which is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases.
This is an AE which is a benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds.
This is an AE which is an acquired benign squamous cell tumor that can present at any age, but most frequently in the third and fourth decades of life.
This is an AE which is an endocrinological disorder characterized by decreased levels of the hormone aldosterone.
This is an AE which is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland on the urine.
This is an AE which is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet.
This is an AE which motivates the consumption of food.
This is an AE which is lack of the heterodimer of two chains: IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. It binds interferon-γ, the sole member of interferon type II.
This is an AE which is the state in which a body lacks enough iron to supply its needs.
This is an AE which is defined either as insufficient copper to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum copper level below the normal range.
This is an AE which means a total depletion in the level of oxygen, an extreme form of hypoxia or "low oxygen".
This is an AE which is a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time.
This is an AE which defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements).
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the thyroid gland and is chronic.
This is an AE which is a complex, fatiguing, long-term medical condition diagnosed by required primary symptoms and criteria, and often involves a broad range of symptoms.
This is an AE which is a diverse group of hereditary diseases in which certain cells of the immune system have difficulty forming the reactive oxygen compounds (most importantly the superoxide radical due to defective phagocyte NADPH oxidase) used to kill certain ingested pathogens.
This is an AE which consists of pigmented macular lesions, predominantly involving the lower extremities.
This is an AE which is a syndrome of progressive loss of renal function that results in loss of urinary concentrating ability, retention of nitrogenous and other metabolic end products, alterations in electrolyte and acid-base status, and dysfunction of several hormone systems.
This is an AE which is defined as hives, typically occurring daily, for greater than 6 weeks duration.
This is an AE which is a popular staining method in histology.
This is an AE which is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that disrupts the biosynthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids.
This is an AE which is a metabolite such as urine of epinephrine (adrenaline) created by action of catechol-O-methyl transferase on epinephrine.
This is an AE which most commonly present with abnormalities of serum calcium.
This is an AE which is small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and it is not normal enlargemet.
This is an AE which represent an elusive endocrine neoplasia, which lead to primary hyperparathyroidism, pHPT, a common endocrine calcium disorder characterized by hypercalcemia and normal-high parathormone secretion.
This is an AE which is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct.
This is an AE which is cancer that develops from the tissues of the thyroid gland.
This is an AE which is a rare but severe and potentially life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland).
This is an AE which is mainly present in classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), despite being described in benign lesions and in other subtypes of thyroid carcinomas.
This is an AE which is a swelling with hypothyroidic in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland.
This is an AE which is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland.
This is an AE which is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid and can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma.
This is an AE which is nodules (raised areas of tissue or fluid) which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of thethyroid gland .
This is an AE which is an endocrine gland in vertebrates and feel it pain.
This is an AE which is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland.
This is an AE which is a common complication of critical illness affecting between 30 and 60% of critically ill patients.
This is an AE which the patient experiences high fever, abdominal pain and pain while passing urine.
This is an AE which is a tumor of the pancreas that is derived from beta cells and secretes insulin.
This is an AE which is a form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
This is an AE which refers to an above normal level of insulin in the blood of a person or animal.
This is an AE which is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.
This is an AE which is usually caused by a tumor within the parathyroid gland.
This is an AE which is a common endocrinological process, characterized by chronic elevation of serum concentrations of calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH).
This is an AE which refers to the excess production of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands, resulting in low renin levels and high blood pressure.
This is an AE which is an area of swelling (edema) of the lower layer of skin and tissue just under the skin or mucous membranes and is idiopathic .
This is an AE which is a form of thyroiditis that can be a cause of both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.
This is an AE which is an over-accumulation of dietary histamine in the human body.
This is an AE which refers a hereditary condition caused by a deficiency of liver enzymes that metabolise fructose.
This is an AE which is a rare condition in which the cells lining the intestine cannot take in the sugars glucose and galactose, which prevents proper digestion of these molecules and larger molecules made from them.
This is an AE which is the condition in which sucrase-isomaltase, an enzyme needed for proper metabolism of sucrose (sugar) and starch (e.g., grains), is not produced or the enzyme produced is either partially functional or non-functional in the small intestine.
This is an AE which is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) or organs (macroscopic scale), and the abnormal histology or anatomical structure resulting from such growth.
This is an AE which is when a child who has reached a certain developmental stage begins to lose previously acquired milestones.
This is an AE which is a congenital abnormality of brain development where the neurons in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero.
This is an AE which incidence rate was equal to 5.96/1,000 infants, which would result in 2.0 IQ points loss in 34.31% of the newborns.
This is an AE which comprise a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas such as speech disorder developmental.
This is an AE which is a skin disorder that generally presents, but not exclusively, as erythematous plaques or flat patches without hair primarily on the scalp, neck and face.
This is an AE which is an inflammation caused by viral of one or both parotid glands, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans.
This is an AE which is small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is the leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease and is one of the most common conditions encountered by eye care providers.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection of an oil gland in the eyelid.
This is an AE which is a viral disease caused by the mumps virus.
This is an AE which is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter and it is overactivity.
This is an AE which is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a inflammation of major salivary gland in human.
This is an AE which is an increasingly recognized cause of transient thyrotoxicosis.
This is an AE which is an inflammation caused by bacterial of one or both parotid glands, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans.
This is an AE which characterized by decreased brain glucose consumption, is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases.
This is an AE which is a metabolic condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45).
This is an AE which is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage and its metabolism becomes disorder.
This is an AE which occur when the body has too little or too much calcium.
This is an AE which is defined as an elevated resting energy expenditure (REE) > 110% of predicted REE.
This is an AE which is a rare genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the gene CDKL5.
This is an AE which is an immunodeficiency of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the complement system proteins.
This is an AE which is not epileptic seizures or epilepsy.
This is an AE which appears to predispose to severe respiratory tract infection.
This is an AE which is a major abnormality in the shape of a body part or organ compared to the normal shape of that part.
This is an AE which risk factors were found to be low birth weight (2500 g or less) and threatened abortion.
This is an AE which is a diverse array of deficits in hedonic function, including reduced motivation or ability to experience pleasure.
This is an AE which is a lack of the dietary minerals, the micronutrients that are needed for an organism's proper health.
This is an AE which is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is a low level of magnesium in the body.
This is an AE which occurs when an organism lacks the required levels of selenium, a critical nutrient in many species.
This is an AE which is defined either as insufficient zinc to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum zinc level below the normal range.
This is an AE which is a low level of folate and derivatives in the body.
This is an AE which is a behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which are pervasive, impairing, and otherwise age inappropriate.
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder AE
This is an AE which is the result of a process reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma (alkalemia).
This is an AE which refers to the act of suppressing lactation by medication or other non pharmaceutical means.
This is an AE which is also lost from the plasma in hypovolemia, the body's need for salt proportionately increases in addition to thirst in such cases.
This is an AE which may be prone to a combined cow's milk and soy protein allergy.
This is an AE which is an excessive number of histiocytes (tissue macrophages), and the term is also often used to refer to a group of rare diseases which share this sign as a characteristic.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.
This is an AE which is an abnormal clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, abnormal cells deriving from bone marrow and capable of migrating from skin to lymph nodes.
This is an AE which is "a clinical entity induced by the ingestion of gluten leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that improve once the gluten-containing foodstuff is removed from the diet, and celiac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded".
This is an AE which contribute to function and stability of surfactant film.
This is an AE which is a class of globulins, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis.
This is an AE which is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid.
This is an AE which is the functional deterioration of a structure or system that had been previously working with the help of allostatic compensation such as diabetic metabolic decompensation.
This is an AE which is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the excess accumulation of phospholipids in tissues.
This is an AE which is a rare and often fatal lysosomal storage disease that results in progressive damage to the nervous system.
This is an AE which is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45).
This is an AE which is a pain of responsible for adduction of the jaw, and one (the lateral pterygoid) helps to abduct it.
This is an AE which is a pathology affecting the vocal folds (commonly referred to as the vocal cords) characterized by full or partial vocal fold closure causing difficulty and distress during respiration, especially during inhalation.
This is an AE which is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness of the limbs.
This is an AE which is organs of the vertebrate muscular system that are mostly attached by tendons to bones of the skeleton.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the bone.
This is an AE which is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).
This is an AE which is characterized by a diffuse or localized pattern of low signal intensity on T1-weighted images without a defined fracture.
This is an AE which is the softening of bones due to the removal of calcium ions, and can be performed as a histological technique to study bones and extract DNA.
This is an AE which is rare diseases and about 1 in 5,000 babies are born with some type of skeletal dysplasia.
This is an AE which refers to the medical conditions which affect the bone.
This is an AE which is the loss of bone from disease processes.
This is an AE which is sorted by size and the proportional weights of each size category were compared to isolate any differences in fragmentation.
This is an AE which is the darkening of an area of skin or nails or bone caused by increased melanin.
This is an AE which is the loss of skeletal muscle mass.
This is an AE which is second only to strain as the leading cause of morbidity from sports-related injuries.
This is an AE which is injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck and back.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the muscle of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
This is an AE which is a form of muscle cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of muscle tissue.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the muscle tissue.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of the muscle not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a highly aggressive form of cancer that develops from mesenchymal cells that have failed to fully differentiate into myocytes of skeletal muscle.
This is an AE which is a type of muscle loss (muscle atrophy) that occurs with aging and/or immobility.
This is an AE which is benign tumors that are composed of fibrous or connective tissue.
This is an AE which is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that causes abnormal growth within the wall of an artery.
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by chronic widespread pain and a heightened pain response to pressure.
This is an AE which is a malignant mesenchymal tumour derived from fibrous connective tissue and characterized by the presence of immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells in a storiform pattern.
This is an AE which is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue.
This is an AE which is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal tendinous parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue.
This is an AE which is a benign, non-neoplastic proliferative process that is relatively common in the long bones of skeletally immature adolescents.
This is an AE which is a benign skin growth.
This is an AE which is a fracture of the lower legs bones meaning either or both of the tibia and fibula.
This is an AE which is an inability or impairment of an individual to perform tasks that require a degree of manual dexterity.
This is an AE which is a function that involves specific movements of the bodies muscles to perform a certain task but it has dysfunction.
This is an AE which is a permanent shortening of a extremity muscle or joint.
This is an AE which is a form of extremity cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is the removal of a limb or foot by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which damage to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), a distal motor and sensory branch of the median nerve, classically with severe weakness of the pincer movement of the thumb and index finger, and can cause transient pain in the wrist (the terminal, sensory branch of the AIN innervates the bones of the carpal tunnel).
This is an AE which is a bone fracture which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma.
This is an AE which is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue and its development is disorder.
This is an AE which exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal.
This is an AE which is a fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck.
This is an AE which is inflammation of cartilage.
This is an AE which is calcification (accumulation of calcium salts) in hyaline cartilage and/or fibrocartilage.
This is an AE which refers to a skeletal disorder caused by one of myriad genetic mutations that can affect the development of cartilage.
This is an AE which is a bone sarcoma, a primary cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce cartilage.
This is an AE which is a bone fracture of the clavicle.
This is an AE which is a medical term meaning pain in the coccyx or tailbone area, often brought on by a fall onto the coccyx or by persistent irritation usually from sitting.
This is an AE which refers a fracture in which the bone has broken into several pieces.
This is an AE which is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture).
This is an AE which is a benign inflammatory condition affecting the upper costochondral junctions and costosternal joints.
This is an AE which refers the bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells named osteoblasts.
This is an AE which represents a relatively uncommon injury in the non-elderly population often resulting from high-energy trauma.
This is an AE which is a bone fracture that involves the femur.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the foot that can be congenital or acquired.
This is an AE which includes lisfranc fracture,Jones fracture , march fracture , calcaneal fracture, broken toe and cuneiform fracture.
This is an AE which is one of the serious neurological complications in ACH.
This is an AE which is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist which is fracture.
This is an AE which is when a fractured bone does not heal properly.
This is an AE which is broadly classified as surgical or conservative, the latter basically referring to any non-surgical procedure, such as pain management, immobilization or other non-surgical stabilization.
This is an AE which is a fracture of the coccyx.
This is an AE which is a scaphoid fracture—a fracture of the scaphoid bone, one of the carpal bones.
This is an AE which is a break of the humerus bone in the upper arm.
This is an AE which is a medical condition combining clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints, especially the distal interphalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints.
This is an AE which is the second most common knee injury caused by inflammation located on the lateral aspect of the knee due to friction between the iliotibial band and the lateral epicondyle of the femur.
This is an AE which is the separation of ilium into two or more pieces under the action of stress.
This is an AE which is the separation of limb into two or more pieces under the action of stress.
This is an AE which is the separation of lower limb into two or more pieces under the action of stress.
This is an AE which can directly produce massive RPH leading to hemorrhagic death.
This is an AE which is pain along the inside edge of the shinbone (tibia) due to inflammation of tissue in the area.
This is an AE which is any painful foot condition affecting the metatarsal region of the foot.
This is an AE which is a rare genetic disorder (dominant form: 1 in 10,000 births) that affects the growing ends of bones.
This is an AE which is of high clinical relevance, as a significant increase in mortality rate has been described.
This is an AE which comprises two syndromes characterized by heterotopic ossification (calcification) of muscle.
This is an AE which is a noninflammatory condition of an uncertain etiology, characterized by sclerotic bone lesions located mainly in the iliac region of the sacroiliac joints.
This is an AE which is a painful type of osteochondrosis where the cartilage or bone in a joint is inflamed.
This is an AE which is the most common benign tumors of the bones.
This is an AE which is a family of orthopedic diseases of the joint that occur in children, adolescents and rapidly growing animals, particularly pigs, horses, dogs, and broiler chickens.
This is an AE which is a group of genetic disorders that all result in bone that breaks easily.[9][1]: 85 The range of symptoms—on the skeleton as well as on the body's other organs—may be mild to severe.
This is an AE which is a new piece of bone usually growing on another piece of bone, typically the skull.
This is an AE which is a disease characterized by the softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium.
This is an AE which is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser, in contrast to more prevalent conditions like osteoporosis, in which the bones become less dense and more brittle, or osteomalacia, in which the bones soften. Osteopetrosis can cause bones to dissolve and break.
This is an AE which is a bone fracture caused by weakness of the bone structure that leads to decrease mechanical resistance to normal mechanical loads.
This is an AE which is a cancerous tumor in a bone.
This is an AE which is a break of the kneecap.
This is an AE which is fibrous bands that form between joint tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery.
This is an AE which is a stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint, which may be the result of injury or disease.
This is an AE which is a permanent shortening of a muscle or joint.
This is an AE which refers a crunching sensation felt in certain medical problems on joint.
This is an AE which refers to damage to joint (physical vandalism) beyond the capability to repair.
This is an AE which occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet.
This is an AE which is a deformity in the knee joint, so that the knee bends backwards.
This is an AE which refers to the resistance offered by various musculoskeletal tissues that surround a skeletal joint which is instability.
This is an AE which is necessary to achieve distension and visualization of the joint during arthroscopy.
This is an AE which has been implicated in ankle sprains, anterior cruciate ligament injury, shoulder instability, and osteoarthritis of the hand.
This is an AE which is a common symptom that often leads to outpatient clinic visits.
This is an AE which is considered an important physical sign of joint dysfunction and/or joint pathology.
This is an AE which refers a somewhat high temperature on joint.
This is an AE which is any form of chronic arthritis or chronic arthritis-related conditions which affects individuals under the age of 16.
This is an AE which is the most common, chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, affecting approximately one per 1,000 children.
This is an AE which is a fairly common form of generalized epilepsy of presumed genetic origin (previously known an idiopathic generalized epilepsy), representing 5-10% of all epilepsy cases.
This is an AE which is thought to be important regulators of disc cell metabolism.
This is an AE which refers anything arising from the intervertebral disc may be termed discogenic in particular when referring to associated pain as discogenic pain.
This is an AE which is an injury to the cushioning and connective tissue between vertebrae, usually caused by excessive strain or trauma to the spine.
This is an AE which associated strongly with the enhancement (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.46, P < 0.001).
This is an AE which is a rare disorder which is easily missed and presents with non-specific symptoms such as irritability, abdominal pain, decreased appetite and limping.
This is an AE which is a very rare neurologic disorder classically characterised by pronounced startle responses to tactile or acoustic stimuli and hypertonia.
This is an AE which is a rare, sometimes fatal neurological condition linked to the ingestion of the dietary supplement L-tryptophan.
This is an AE which refers to a group of functional disorders leading to abdominal pain due to dysfunction of the Sphincter of Oddi: functional biliary sphincter of Oddi and functional pancreatic sphincter of Oddi disorder.
This is an AE which is the most common inflammatory muscle disease in older adults.
This is an AE which is a complication after a viral infection mainly caused by Influenza A and B viruses.
This is an AE which is a relatively common infectious condition characterized by bullae or vesicles on the tympanic membrane (TM), without affecting the contents of the external or middle ear.
This is an AE which is myopathies that result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle.
This is an AE which symptoms usually appear about two years after adolescent growth spurt and is significantly more common in males (average age of onset, 15- to 25-year-old).
This is an AE which is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles (inflammatory myopathy) related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.
This is an AE which is a form of dilated cardiomyopathy that is defined as a deterioration in cardiac function presenting typically between the last month of pregnancy and up to six months postpartum.
This is an AE which is a birth defect where diaphragmatic tissue is wholly or largely absent.
This is an AE which is a disorder of a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity .
This is an AE which is an intense itching sensation of the arm usually between the wrist and elbow of either or both arms.
This is an AE which could result from external carotid artery (ECA) occlusive disease.
This is an AE which is a benign tumor of striated muscle.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles which results in an abscess.
This is an AE which is a disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly.
This is an AE which is a tough, high-tensile-strength band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and feel it discomfortable.
This is an AE which is a painful shoulder disorder characterised by either single or multiple deposits in the rotator cuff tendon.
This is an AE which is a form of tendon cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is a permanent shortening of a tendinous muscle or joint.
This is an AE which is a tough, high-tensile-strength band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and feel it pain.
This is an AE which is a sudden involuntary contraction of myofascial tissue.
This is an AE which is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain in multiple myofascial trigger points ("knots") and fascial (connective tissue) constrictions.
This is an AE which main cause of the disease is aseptic inflammation of local muscles and connective tissues such as myofascial, which can be manifested as paralysis, distension, and other discomfort, local muscle stiffness, spasm or palpable strain-like nodules.
This is an AE which is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle loss and weakness.
This is an AE which is the medical term for intercostal muscle pain.
This is an AE which is progressive wasting of muscle tissues.
This is an AE which is an involuntary, spontaneous, localized quivering of a few muscles, or bundles within a muscle, but which are insufficient to move a joint.
This is an AE which occurs in individuals of all ages who are affected by dystonia, a movement disorder in which sustained involuntary muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive motions or painful and abnormal postures or positions.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, or the muscle's resistance to passive stretch during resting state.
This is an AE which is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching (different from clonus, which is rhythmic/ regular) of a muscle or a group of muscles.
This is an AE which refers to a family of epilepsies that present with myoclonus.
This is an AE which is a benign, soft tissue tumor composed of myofibroblasts (i.e. immature cells that contain features of myocytes and fibroblasts) that typically occurs in subcutaneous tissue (i.e. lowermost layer of the skin), fascia (i.e. band of connective tissue just beneath the skin), and/or muscles.
This is an AE which is a skin disease that presents with painful, red, raised, and warm patches of skin.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory disease that affects the fascia, other connective tissues, surrounding muscles, blood vessels and nerves.
This is an AE which is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids.
This is an AE which is primarily a disorder of healthy children and young adults, characterized by lesions that are primarily painful, subcutaneous nodules on the plantar surface, resembling erythema nodosum.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the plantar fascia, which is the connective tissue which supports the arch of the foot.
This is an AE which is a common skin infection of the feet caused by fungus.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramen that results in pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as vertebral foraminal .
This is an AE which is a defect or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch.
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as vertebral lateral recess.
This is an AE which is a dislocation of an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate.
This is an AE which refers to any clinical syndrome with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity.
This is an AE which is the absence of, or a violation of, symmetry such as limb asymmetry.
This is an AE which is congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the upper and lower limbs.
This is an AE which is a physical anomaly that is deleterious, i.e. a structural defect perceived as a problem such as limb malformation.
This is an AE which is a mass on appendage of a human .
This is an AE which is a form of neuraxial regional anaesthesia involving the injection of a local anaesthetic or opioid into the subarachnoid space, generally through a fine needle, usually 9 cm (3.5 in) long.
This is an AE which is a rare condition and should be considered a rare differential diagnosis to unexplained back pain.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the nerves and blood vessels at the level of the lumbar vertebrae.
This is an AE which is the displacement of one spinal vertebra compared to another.
This is an AE which is flattening of the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.
This is an AE which is a syndrome in which the facet joints (synovial diarthroses, from L2 to S1) cause painful symptoms.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the hand that can be congenital or acquired.
This is an AE which in older people is common following treatment for a wrist fracture, particularly after non-surgical treatment.
This is an AE which presents with hyperkeratotic, fissure-prone, erythematous areas of the middle or proximal palm, and the volar surfaces of the fingers may also be involved.
This is an AE which is a fungal infection of the hand, mostly a type of dermatophytosis, often part of two feet-one hand syndrome.
This is an AE which is a common infection caused by a group of enteroviruses.
This is an AE which is a symptom characterized by slow, involuntary, convoluted, writhing movements of the fingers, hands, toes, and feet and in some cases, arms, legs, neck and tongue.
This is an AE which is a small benign tumor that forms primarily in areas where the skin forms creases (or rubs together), such as the neck, armpit and groin.
This is an AE which is a heritable connective tissue disorder that affects joints and ligaments.
This is an AE which is medical conditions affecting soft tissue.
This is an AE which is a mass of all the tissue in the body that is not hardened by the processes of ossification or calcification such as bones and teeth.
This is an AE which is a malignant tumour, a type of cancer, that develops in soft tissue.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the soft tissue.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of soft tissue to harmful stimuli.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of soft tissue.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of soft tissue not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is rupture of the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones.
This is an AE which is the stretching or tearing of ligaments within a joint, often caused by an injury abruptly forcing the joint beyond its functional range of motion.
This is an AE which is a cause of chronic body pain characterized by loose ligaments.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones.
This is an AE which refers to any joint disease of the vertebral column.
This is an AE which is a spinal of posterior displacement of one vertebral body with respect to the subjacent vertebra to a degree less than a luxation (dislocation).
This is an AE which is a physical anomaly that is deleterious, i.e. a structural defect perceived as a problem such as spine malformation.
This is an AE which is a mass on the part of the axial skeleton.
This is an AE which feels pain of a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the vertebrae.
This is an AE which is a form of gait abnormality.
This is an AE which is nominally referred to as any variation of standard human gait, typically manifesting as a coping mechanism in response to an anatomical impairment.
This is an AE which is characterised by an inability to initiate the process of walking, despite the power and coordination of the legs being normal when tested in the seated or lying position.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (called the synovium) that surrounds a tendon, typically leading to joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
This is an AE which can occur in apparently healthy subjects having no atypical appearance and who may be unaware of carrying risk.
This is an AE which is a rare neurologic disorder of unclear cause characterized by progressive rigidity and stiffness.
This is an AE which is an uncommon focal variant of the stiff person syndrome and is characterized by stiffness and painful spasms of the lower limbs, with no axial involvement.
This is an AE which is defined as arthritis affecting two to four joints during the first six months of disease.
This is an AE which refers to a height of a human which is below typical.
This is an AE which is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.
This is an AE which is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person or animal by way of bodily contact.
This is an AE which is the removal of a leg by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
This is an AE which is a deviation from normal walking (gait).
This is an AE which is one of the most widespread and impactful consequences of multiple sclerosis (MS).
This is an AE which is a condition in which one or more fingers become permanently bent in a flexed position.
This is an AE which is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum of the palms and soles.
This is an AE which is a bleeding into joint spaces. It is a common feature of hemophilia.
This is an AE which is very frequent and usually self limited to a few weeks.
This is an AE which is a form of osteoarthritis following an injury to a joint.
This is an AE which should be regarded as infectious until proved otherwise.
This is an AE which is inflammation within the sacroiliac joint.
This is an AE which is recurring pain symptoms that are relatively common in children ages 3 to 12.
This is an AE which is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation.
This is an AE which is an infection with arthritis caused by the rubella virus.
This is an AE which is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent streptococcal resulting in joint inflammation.
This is an AE which is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent haemophilus resulting in joint inflammation.
This is an AE which is associated with conditions such as clubfoot, cerebral palsy, and myelodysplasia.
This is an AE which is a class of joint disorder (called arthropathy) that is characterized by accumulation of tiny crystals in one or more joints.
This is an AE which is a major abnormality in the shape of hip compared to the normal shape of that part.
This is an AE which is a disease in which the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues.
undifferentiated connective tissue disease AE
This is an AE which is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of elevated blood levels of a specific autoantibody, now called anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) together with a mix of symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, and polymyositis.
This is an AE which is a type of arthritis in which there is a long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine.
This is an AE which is a sleep disorder where the patient moves limbs involuntarily and periodically during sleep, and has symptoms or problems related to the movement.
This is an AE which is a stump pain of the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
This is an AE which is frequently associated with other cerebral malformations.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the tissues in the mid-chest, or mediastinum.
This is an AE which refers a consequence of diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy, is common in the ICU and associated with serious clinical consequences.
This is an AE which is a major abnormality in the shape of shoulder compared to the normal shape of that part.
This is an AE which is typically a symptom-limiting condition that resolves spontaneously.
This is an AE which is a major abnormality in the shape of neck compared to the normal shape of that part.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of cervical plexus, usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is a cervical root distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is flattening of the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull.
This is an AE which is a medical condition of pregnancy in which the cervix begins to dilate (widen) and efface (thin) before the pregnancy has reached term.
This is an AE which lies superficially in front of the distal end of the radius, between the tendons of the brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis; it is here that clinician takes the radial pulse. (where it is commonly used to assess the heart rate and cardiac rhythm).
This is an AE which is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm.
This is an AE which is a group of inherited diseases whose main feature is a progressive gait disorder.
This is an AE which is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia.
This is an AE which is a highly characteristic, abnormal, sustained spasm of the facial muscles that appears to produce grinning.
This is an AE which is a behavioral characteristic assigned to those with conditions that are regarded as rare or dysfunctional such as somatic dysfunction.
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder characterized by recurring, multiple, and current, clinically significant complaints about somatic symptoms.
This is an AE which is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the qualities of a real perception.
This is an AE which is a method of medication administration in which a medicine is injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is a surgical procedure that uses autologous blood in order to close one or many holes in the dura mater of the spinal cord, usually as a result of a previous lumbar puncture.
This is an AE which is a form of empyema – a collection of pus, in the subdural space.
This is an AE which refers to an effusion in the subdural space, usually of cerebrospinal fluid.
This is an AE which is postictal process of a loss of motor function in one or more muscles.
This is an AE which has a variable definition in the literature without consideration of degree or substratification of other confounders such as the presence of arthritis or pain.
This is an AE which is a disorder of viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.
This is an AE which is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane.
This is an AE which is crystal of viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.
This is an AE which is a group of diseases with necrotising whose hallmark is inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (the fatty layer under the skin panniculus adiposus).
This is an AE which is a collection or gathering of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity.
This is an AE which is an accumulation of serous fluid in a body cavity.
This is an AE which is conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain.
This is an AE which is a syndrome characterised by recurrent, self-resolving inflammatory attacks in and around the joints, consists of arthritis or periarticular soft tissue inflammation.
This is an AE which is a neurodegenerative disease that is mostly inherited.
This is an AE which is the occurrence of involuntary movements in a combination of chorea (irregular migrating contractions) and athetosis (twisting and writhing).
This is an AE which is a basal ganglia syndrome resulting from damage to the subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia.
This is an AE which is a medical sign consisting of the involuntary contraction of muscles, which may be caused by disorders that increase the action potential frequency of muscle cells or the nerves that innervate them.
This is an AE which is a medical condition where local body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking.
This is an AE which is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts.
This is an AE which is a medical sign observed in patients with low calcium.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of meniscus , usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint.
This is an AE which is a disorder characterized by catching or locking of the involved finger.
This is an AE which is a disorder characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements primarily affecting the face, hands and feet.
This is an AE which is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking and is clonic.
This is an AE which preceding convulsion has been observed in sports injuries at the moment of impact where extension and flexion of opposite arms occur despite body position or gravity.
This is an AE which results in avascular necrosis.
This is an AE which may refer to a number of entities: Osteoporosis, a condition in which overall bone density decreases Periodontitis, a condition in which the supporting bone around teeth exhibits resorption.
This is an AE which the primary symptom of is pain, which often occurs at rest or at night.
This is an AE which is a primary malignant bone tumour, a type of sarcoma that starts in the bones.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of a facial bone.
This is an AE which is a subtype of the rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue cancer family whose lineage is from mesenchymal cells and are related to skeletal muscle cells.
This is an AE which is pain syndromes where excessive, acute and chronic pain are observed for which no overt primary cause can be found or surmised.
amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a mass of muscle cells (tumor) that lacks the ability to either invade neighboring tissue or metastasize (spread throughout the body).
This is an AE which is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body muscle tissue.
This is an AE which is a malignant (cancerous) smooth muscle tumor.
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by the inability to control facial movements (such as chewing and speaking) and caused by a variety of neurological disorders.
This is an AE which is a medical condition. It belongs to a group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases.
This is an AE which refers to a range of different signs and symptoms linked to impairment of function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), the vagus nerve (CN X), the accessory nerve (CN XI), and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
This is an AE which is any mental disorder that manifests as physical symptoms that suggest illness or injury, but cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition or by the direct effect of a substance, and are not attributable to another mental disorder (e.g., panic disorder).
This is an AE which is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints caused by bacterial.
This is an AE which is a long-term inflammatory arthritis that occurs in people affected by the autoimmune disease psoriasis.
This is an AE which is a chronic, autoinflammatory disease predominantly affecting the axial skeleton (sacroiliac joints and spine).
This is an AE which is a major abnormality in the shape of elbow compared to the normal shape of that part.
This is an AE which is a complex, rare, and severe childhood-onset epilepsy.
This is an AE which is a paralytic illness that resembles poliomyelitis.
This is an AE which is a condition which is believed to result from compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle.
This is an AE which is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%).
This is an AE which is a rare, but catastrophic mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
This is an AE which is a crisis of a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.
This is an AE which occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle and it is silent.
This is an AE which is a form of focal dystonia affecting the mouth, jaw and tongue, and in this disease it is hard to speak.
This is an AE which is types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease.
This is an AE which is an injury where one or more of the tendons or muscles of the rotator cuff of the shoulder get torn.
This is an AE which is a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the perichondrium, a layer of connective tissue which surrounds cartilage.
This is an AE which is a medical condition caused by inflammation of the periosteum, a layer of connective tissue that surrounds bone.
This is an AE which is a hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system characterized by progressive loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation across various parts of the body.
This is an AE which is a multi-systemic condition characterized by repeated episodes of inflammation and deterioration of cartilage.
This is an AE which is the most forward-facing (ventral and anterior) of the three main bones making up the pelvis and feel it pain.
This is an AE which is the ventral and anterior of the three parts forming the hip bone and has fracture.
This is an AE which is one of the most commonly treated fractures in the United States. The highest rates are seen among the elderly, second only to hip fractures.
This is an AE which is a break in a rib bone.
This is an AE which is different classification of osteoporosis: primary, in which bone loss is a result of aging and secondary, in which bone loss occurs from various clinical and lifestyle factors.
This is an AE which is a general term for a disorder of the development (dysplasia) of bone ("osteo") and cartilage ("chondro").
This is an AE which is a fatigue-induced bone fracture caused by repeated stress over time.
This is an AE which is a region of the abdomen located below the umbilical region and feels pain.
This is an AE which can be classified according to the involved bone into: femoral fracture (in the upper leg) and crus fracture (in the lower leg).
This is an AE which is a break in the ulna bone, one of the two bones in the forearm.
This is an AE which is caused by entrapment of the ulnar nerve in the Guyon canal as it passes through the wrist.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of vertebral , usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is related to anatomical structures adjacent to the spinal column.
This is an AE which is characterized by presence of a very rigid foot deformity.
This is an AE which is a skeletal medical condition in which the shoulder blade protrudes from a person's back in an abnormal position.
This is an AE which is pain that results from touching the region inside of the costovertebral angle.
This is an AE which is characterised by focal thickening of the skin of the hands and feet and is associated with a very high lifetime risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus.
hyperkeratosis palmaris and plantaris AE
This is an AE which is any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or effectively interact with the world around them (socially or materially).
This is an AE which refers slowness of initiation of voluntary movement with a progressive reduction in speed and range of repetitive actions, such as voluntary finger-tapping.
This is an AE which is a seizure associated with a high body temperature but without any serious underlying health issue.
This is an AE which is a bony growth originating inside a ligament, commonly seen in the ligaments of the spine, specifically the ligaments in the intervertebral joints leading to fusion of vertebrae.
This is an AE which is a symptom that describes muscle pain on mild exertion (ache, cramp, numbness or sense of fatigue), classically in the calf muscle, which occurs during exercise, such as walking, and is relieved by a short period of rest.
This is an AE which refers a small aggregation of cells.
This is an AE which is a lump of tissue, or an area of swelling, that appear on the exterior of the skin usually around the olecranon (tip of the elbow) or the interphalangeal joints (finger knuckles), but can appear in other areas.
This is an AE which is a deformity of the joint connecting the big toe to the foot.
This is an AE which is a childhood hip disorder initiated by a disruption of blood flow to the head of the femur.
This is an AE which is a condition in which one side of the body or a part of one side of the body is larger than the other to an extent considered greater than the normal variation.
This is an AE which is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that propagates in a wave down a tube, in an anterograde direction and is visible.
This is an AE which is a dystonic condition defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position, which may be due to a variety of causes.
This is an AE which is the placement of the body in a reverentially or submissively prone position as a gesture.
This is an AE whcih is a very rare medical syndrome that includes pleural effusions, lymphedema (due to under development of the lymphatic vessels) and yellow dystrophic nails.
This is an AE which is a medical condition that causes one or more fingers to be permanently bent and is acquired.
This is an AE which refers to a congenital deformity involving one foot or both , a relatively short and round thumb with an accompanying wide nail bed or a deformity of the fingers and fingernails.
This is an AE which is inflammation of an entire digit (a finger or toe),and can be painful.
This is an AE which is common in patients with systemic sclerosis, affecting over half of patients during the course of their disease.
This is an AE which is the removal of a finger by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
This is an AE which is a major abnormality in the shape of a body part or organ compared to the normal shape of that part such as finger.
This is an AE which is a disorder of the bones and is a rare disease in which the outer part of the shafts of long bones is thinner than normal and there is an increased chance of fractures.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the nail.
This is an AE which is a collection of blood (hematoma) underneath a toenail or fingernail (subungal hematoma).
This is an AE which refers to the skin beneath the nail plate is disorder.
This is an AE which refers onychomycosis or tinea unguium, is a fungal infection of the nail.
This is an AE which is a disease or deformity of the nail.
This is an AE which occurs by alteration of shape, partial loss, or absence of the nail, resulting in loss of the nail fold physiological limit.
This is an AE which can cause the nail plate to be torn from the nail bed.
This is an AE which is a much less frequent cause of brown-black nail color than other melanocytic and nonmelanocytic pigmentations, which include subungual hematoma, exogenous pigmentations, and melanonychia due to benign conditions.
This is an AE which is a form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in the metal on the nail.
This is an AE which is an anomaly in humans and animals resulting in supernumerary fingers and/or toes.
This is an AE which is a nail disease that can be a sign of hypochromic anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia.
This is an AE which is less common and typically more severe than hammer toe.
This is an AE which is the removal of a toe by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
This is an AE which refers to a condition where a person walks on their toes without putting much or any weight on the heel or any other part of the foot.
This is an AE which is a visible body part at the mouth of humans and it has desease.
This is an AE which is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip, cleft palate, and both together.
This is an AE which is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth.
This is an AE which is redness of the lip skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch lip.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue such as lip oedema.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of lip blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the lips.
This is an AE which is the roof of the mouth in humans and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a common presentation and can be conveniently divided into developmental and acquired causes, the latter of which is subdivided into acute and chronic causes.
This is an AE which is a medical term which refers to various types of paralysis, often accompanied by weakness and the loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as palatal palsy.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the palatal tissue.
This is an AE which the most frequent known interstitial deletion identified in man, is associated with chromosomal microdeletions in the q11 band of chromosome 22.
This is an AE which is a malfunction of a velopharyngeal mechanism which is responsible for directing the transmission of sound energy and air pressure in both the oral cavity and the nasal cavity.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of palatal part or area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water adhere the lip.
This is an AE which is a pseudo-pathological name of what is either considered a normal adaptive lip seal mechanism, whereby normal nasal breathing or normal swallowing can occur.
This is an AE which is a medical condition and abnormality which involves the downward displacement or retraction of the tongue.
This is an AE which is a loss of motor function in one or more tongue muscles.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the tongue, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of of tongue papillae tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of tongue papillae.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the tongue tissue.
This is an AE which refers a grayish-white deposit on the tongue, is the main cause of intra-oral halitosis (IOH), a socially unacceptable condition.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged tongue blood vessels.
This is an AE which is a condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface.
This is an AE which is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical vertebrate and is feel dry.
This is an AE which is redness of the tongue skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ such as the tongue.
This is an AE which is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the tongue skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
This is an AE which refers a cosmetic technique that aims to remove dead skin from the tongue .
This is an AE which is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch tongue.
This is an AE which is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water adhere the tongue .
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the tongue.
This is an AE which is regularly investigated for the death caused by strangulation or hanging, whilst seems to be overlooked in case of charred remains as the significance of this sign is still discussed.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged tooth socket blood vessels.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the airspaces (alveoli).
This is an AE which is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food and it has deposit.
This is an AE which is underdevelopment or incomplete development of tooth .
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensation of the skin or tooth (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
This is an AE which is a physical anomaly that is deleterious on tooth.
This is an AE which is dental pain which is sharp in character and of short duration, arising from exposed dentin surfaces in response to stimuli, typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic, chemical or electrical; and which cannot be ascribed to any other dental disease.
This is an AE which is the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in alveolar bone owing to trauma.
This is an AE which is the horizontal or vertical displacement of a tooth beyond its normal physiological boundaries around the gingival area, i.e. the medical term for a loose tooth.
This is an AE which is one that fails to erupt into the dental arch within the expected developmental window.
This is an AE which is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply occured on dental.
This is an AE which is inflammation of dental pulp tissue.
This is an AE which is the process of lightening the color of human teeth.
This is an AE which consist of the mucosal tissue that lies over the mandible and maxilla inside the mouth and feel it discomfortable.
This is an AE which is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums.
This is an AE which is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums).
This is an AE which is the term given to any disorder primarily affecting the gingiva.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in gingival membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ.
This is an AE which is a type of cysts of the jaws that originates from the dental lamina and is found in the mouth parts.
This is an AE which is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the gingival skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
This is an AE which is a gingival sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the gingival tissue.
This is an AE which is the exposure in the roots of the teeth caused by a loss of gum tissue and/or retraction of the gingival margin from the crown of the teeth.
This is an AE which is a typical adverse reaction of certain drugs (phenytoin, calcium antagonists and cyclosporine).
This is an AE which is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals.
This is an AE which is a visible body part at the mouth of humans and it is discolouration.
This is an AE which involves the removal of the oldest dead skin cells from the lip skin's surface.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged lip blood vessels.
This is an AE which refers constant licking of the lips causes drying and irritation, and eventually the mucosa splits or cracks.
This is an AE which is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
This is an AE which is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the lip skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
This is an AE which is the process by which an infant's first teeth (the deciduous teeth, often called "baby teeth" or "milk teeth") sequentially appear by emerging through the gums, typically arriving in pairs.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the mouth and lips and is allergic.
This is an AE which is a common type of skin rash. Symptoms include multiple small (1–2 mm) bumps and blisters sometimes with background redness and scale, localized to the skin around the mouth and nostrils.
This is an AE which is the flow of saliva outside the mouth. Drooling can be caused by excess production of saliva, inability to retain saliva within the mouth (incontinence of saliva), or problems with swallowing (dysphagia or odynophagia).
This is an AE which is glossitis which manifests with hyperplastic (enlarged) fungiform papillae, giving the appearance of a strawberry.
This is an AE which is considered as a possible clinical finding of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
This is an AE which is a common zoological behavior involving the active, rapid closing of the jaw around an object.
This is an AE which is also an age appropriate behavior and reaction for human children 30 months and younger.
This is an AE which may occur both in seizures and in psychogenic non-epileptic events (PNEEs).
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of mucosal tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs and it is dryness.
This is an AE which is a colored material on the mucosal that is completely or nearly insoluble in water.
This is an AE which is an exudate of inflamed mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body,usually with reference to the throat and paranasal sinuses.
This is an AE which is a burning sensation in the mouth with no underlying known dental or medical cause.
This is an AE which is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum.
This is an AE which is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching.
This is an AE which is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs and it is discolouration.
This is an AE which refers a supramolecular assembly of lipid molecules, like a cell membrane.
This is an AE which is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the upper and lower dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close.
This is an AE which is one of the criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson disease and is often an early sign of the disease.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the alveolar bone (i.e., the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible).
This is an AE which is a cellular aggregation seen in a developing tooth and it lies above the dental papilla.
This is an AE which is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food and feel it discomfortable.
This is an AE which is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food and it becomes brittle.
This is an AE which is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical vertebrate and is feel discomfortable.
This is an AE which is any condition of the teeth that can be congenital or acquired.
This is an AE which is the horizontal or vertical displacement of a tooth beyond its normal physiological boundariesaround the gingival area, i.e. the medical term for a loose tooth.
This is an AE which is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer.
This is an AE which is a periodontal disorder diagnosed based on distinct clinical characteristics.
This is an AE which defined as a type of groove along the free edge of the vocal fold, disrupts the normal, pliable vocal fold cover, causing alterations in the intrinsic mucosal wave.
This is an AE which is defined as a white oral lesion not related to another disease process.
This is an AE which is cancer of the lining of the lips, mouth, or upper throat.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the mouth, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a biofilm of microorganisms (mostly bacteria, but also fungi) that grows on surfaces within the mouth.
This is an AE which refres to the most frequent causes are lithiathesis and neoplasm.
This is an AE which is a group of infections that occur around the oral cavity.
This is an AE which is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes.
This is an AE which is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth and the membrane has haematoma.
This is an AE which is the mucous membrane with blistering lining the inside of the mouth.
This is an AE which can occur due to a multitude of non-neoplastic causes because black and brown pigmentation . Endogenous or exogenous pigments may be responsible for oral discoloration which can range from innocuous to life-threatening in nature.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of oral mucosal due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is a small (1- 2 mm) red or purple spot on the oral mucosal, caused by a minor bleed from broken capillary blood vessels.
This is an AE which is a hard coating on the skin formed during the wound healing reconstruction phase on the oral mucosal.
This is an AE which is a benign epithelial oral tumor growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds.
This is an AE which is a small, well-defined bump in the oral skin.
This is an AE which is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch on the oral.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an organism's oral tissues by disease-causing agents such as bacterial, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is oral disease caused by fungi .
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensation of the oral skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
This is an AE which refers to comprise a number of different types of oral cancer that result from squamous cells .
squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity AE
This is an AE which is inflammation with haemorrhagic of the mouth and lips.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the mouth and lips and sometimes can lead with necrotising.
This is an AE which is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the circumoral tissue.
This is an AE which refers to a transient abnormal enlargement of circumoral tissue not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a disorder that is caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion, a nerve cell bundle of the facial nerve.
This is an AE which is a seizure in a baby younger than 4 weeks old. Seizures are abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
This is an AE which is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point occured on the neonatal.
This is an AE which is a rare but serious, even fatal, side effect that occurs in newborn infants (especially premature babies) following the accumulation of antibiotic chloramphenicol.
This is an AE which is different from the disorder affecting older children and adults.
This is an AE which is a medical condition where neonatal body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking.
This is an AE which is a bacterial tetanus neonatorum infection characterized by muscle spasms.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the neonatal body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
This is an AE which is a neonatal state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia).
This is an AE which due to renal tubular dysgenesis, secondary to the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) during pregnancy.
This is an AE which is the group of neonatal symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of medicational or recreational drugs.
This is an AE which is a complex task, as in newborns hypotonia can be the presenting sign of different underlying causes, including peripheral and central nervous system involvement and genetic and metabolic diseases.
This is an AE which is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more neonatal body parts.
This is an AE which is the sudden unexplained death of a child of less than one year of age.
This is an AE which is characterized by the rapid onset of annular purpuric lesions associated with initially localized edemas affecting the extremities.
This is an AE which is an uncommon-to-rare epileptic disorder in infants, children and adults.
This is an AE which is described in clinical literature as a severe and relatively uncommon disorder that can affect children.
婴儿期或幼儿期的反应性依恋障碍
reactive attachment disorder of infancy or early childhood AE
This is an AE which is a infantile condition in which stomach contents rise up into the esophagus, resulting in either symptoms or complications.
This is an AE which due to appearance, is a type of benign vascular tumor or anomaly that affects babies.
This is an AE which is the excitatory ability that infants have to respond to changes in their environment.
This is an AE which is defined as episodes of crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week, for three weeks in an otherwise healthy child.
This is an AE which is a long-term inflammatory infantile disease of the airways of the lungs.
This is an AE which is an foetal abnormality of the structure of a body part.
This is an AE which is a condition during pregnancy or labor in which the fetus shows signs of inadequate oxygenation.
This is an AE which is defined as birth weight >4000 g and is associated with several maternal and fetal complications such as maternal birth canal trauma, shoulder dystocia, and perinatal asphyxia.
This is an AE which is a rare disease that is identified by an abnormally large or distended bladder.
This is an AE which is the loss of fetal blood cells into the maternal circulation.
This is an AE which is an abnormal growth that usually appears on a baby's neck or head.
This is an AE which is a common complication of pregnancy that has been associated with a variety of adverse perinatal outcomes.
This is an AE which is damage to the foetal body caused by an external force.
This is an AE which leads to greater risk of cesarean delivery, prolonged labor, and increased perinatal morbidity.
This is an AE which is irregular positions of the crown of the fetal head in relation to the mother's pelvis (the fetus is in an abnormal position).
This is an AE which is defined as a heart rate less than 100 BPM (normal is around 120–160 BPM).
This is an AE which is non-reassuring fetal heart rate characteristics, which do not uniformly predict poor fetal outcome but can prompt obstetricians to proceed with cesarean delivery.
This is an AE which encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders, united by impaired movement in utero.
This is an AE which refers to any clinical foetal syndrome with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity.
This is an AE which is the earliest stool of a mammalian infant resulting from defecation and is stain.
This is an AE which defined as rupture of fetal membranes prior to 28 weeks of gestation, complicates approximately 0.4%-0.7% of all pregnancies.
preterm premature rupture of membranes AE
This is an AE which is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth.
This is an AE which is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood within the first 24 hours following childbirth.
This is an AE which is among the leading causes of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality not only in developing countries but in developed countries as well.
This is an AE which is a type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can affect both sexes.
This is an AE which refers psychological trauma to the mother following childbirth.
This is an AE which is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother gives birth to two or more offspring.
This is an AE which is a medical condition where children body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking.
This is an AE which is an abnormal condition of the children mind that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real.
This is an AE which is a class of mental children disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture.
This is an AE which is a children long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
This is an AE which is the ending of pregnancy where one or more babies leaves the uterus by passing through the vagina or by Caesarean section.
This is an AE which includes obstructed labour,eclampsia and so on.
This is an AE which is normally the most painful event in a woman's lifetime.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by the rubella virus in pregnancy.
This is an AE which is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically in the 90th percentile or above, compared to other babies of the same developmental age.
This is an AE which is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average.
This is an AE which is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
This is an AE which is when the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around the fetus's neck.
This is an AE which is when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby.
This is an AE which is the obstruction of blood flow through the umbilical cord secondary to pressure from an external object or misalignment of the cord itself.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the connective tissue of the umbilical cord that occurs with chorioamnionitis.
This is an AE which is the most common umbilical abnormality in neonates, causing inflammation and drainage.
This is an AE which is a health condition where the abdominal wall behind the navel is damaged.
This is an AE which is a rare abdominal wall defect.
This is an AE which is the medical term for inflammation of the umbilical cord stump in the neonatal newborn period, most commonly attributed to a bacterial infection.
This is an AE which is health problems that are related to pregnancy.
This is an AE which is a chronic hives-like rash that strikes some women during pregnancy.
This is an AE which is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration.
This is an AE which is when a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the typical 40-week duration of pregnancy.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion), usually due to bacterial infection.
This is an AE which is two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.
This is an AE which is when a baby is born bottom first instead of head first, as is normal.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on the peripartum.
This is an AE which includes major and minor depressive episodes that occur during pregnancy or in the first 12 months after delivery, is one of the most common medical complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period, affecting one in seven women.
This is an AE which is a congenital disorder with unknown cause.
This is an AE which containing the amniotic fluid and the embryo and its becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a medical condition describing an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac.
This is an AE which is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.
This is an AE which is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks but the baby is dead.
This is an AE which is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus.
This is an AE which is the natural loss of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.
This is an AE which is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the source.
This is an AE which is used for describing children presenting with muscle hypotonia at or shortly after birth.
This is an AE which is considered an important contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings.
This is an AE which is the inmature liver storage of glucose seen in preterms or children born intrauterine growth retarded.
This is an AE which is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels.
This is an AE which is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin (dermatitis).
This is an AE which can be part of a mental illness or a side effect of anti-psychotic medication on neonatal.
This is an AE which is pregnancies that are mistimed, unplanned or unwanted at the time of conception.
This is an AE which occurs when a fetus, whatever its gestational age, exits the maternal body and subsequently shows any sign of life, such as voluntary movement, heartbeat, or pulsation of the umbilical cord, for however brief a time and regardless of whether the umbilical cord or placenta are intact.
This is an AE which is related to the appearance of postpartum haemorrhage due to posterior uterine atony.
This is an AE which is when, after vaginal delivery of the head, the baby's anterior shoulder gets caught above the mother's pubic bone.
This is an AE which is when the baby does not exit the pelvis during childbirth due to being physically blocked, despite the uterus contracting normally.
This is an AE which is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal).
This is an AE which is one where the mother or the fetus has an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to uncomplicated pregnancies.
This is an AE which is a health condition where the abdominal wall behind the navel is damaged and is also incarcerated.
This is an AE which is a rare genetic disorder of the small intestine that is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.
This is an AE which make it difficult to initiate breastfeeding for these high-risk infants.
This is an AE which is the ending of pregnancy where one or more babies leaves the uterus by passing through the vagina or by Caesarean section and is traumatic .
This is an AE which is designed to allow the remaining fetus(es) to develop after premature expulsion of the first twin in the second trimester of pregnancy.
This is an AE which refer to a disability classification used in educational settings that allows educational institutions to provide special education and related services to students who have displayed poor social and/or academic progress.
This is an AE which is an effect of kernicterus.
This is an AE which corresponds to an impairment of urinary transport that can lead to renal dysfunction if not treated.
This is an AE which is a potential emergency.
This is an AE which is any part of an animal or plant that is involved in sexual reproduction and is enlarged.
This is an AE which is cancer that develops from breast tissue and occurs invasive ductal.
This is an AE which is cancer that develops from breast tissuec and is hormone refractory .
This is an AE which is defined as an endometrium of > 5 mm discovered on ultrasound in a postmenopausal woman who is not bleeding.
This is an AE which is the medical use of probes called sounds to increase the inner diameter of the urethra and to locate obstructions in it.
This is an AE which is the partial or total loss of reproductive and hormonal function of the ovaries before age 40 because of folliclular (egg producing area) dysfunction or early loss of eggs.
This is an AE which refers a band of coagulative necrosis at the choriodecidual interphase, is a histologic lesion of unclear pathogenesis that has been reported in placentas from preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preterm abruption.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the vaginal.
This is an AE which might accurately reflect an acidotic state in the vaginal synapses and perineural space.
This is an AE which is an extraordinarily rare form of cancer that develops in the tissue of the vagina.
This is an AE which is excessive growth of yeast in the vagina that results in irritation.
This is an AE which is a pathological condition that affects part or all of the vagina.
This is an AE which is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) and/or organs (macroscopic scale), and/or the abnormal histology or anatomical structure presumably resulting from such growth such as vaginal dysplasia.
This is an AE which is an emission or expulsion of air from the vagina.
This is an AE which refers irregular tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma on the vaginal .
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of vaginal , usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is a cancer of the vulva, the outer portion of the female genitals.
This is an AE which is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds on the vaginal that are generally found in low concentrations .
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the vaginal tissue.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of a vaginal part or area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which occurs when the normal lactobacilli of the vagina are replaced by mostly anaerobic bacteria.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the vagina and vulva caused by bacterial.
This is an AE which is a facultatively anaerobic Gram-variable rod that is involved, together with many other bacteria, mostly anaerobic, in bacterial vaginosis in some women as a result of a disruption in the normal vaginal microflora.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the vulva, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the vulva, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue and it become disorder.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged vulval blood vessels.
This is an AE which refers irregular tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma. Lacerations and incisions may appear linear (regular) or stellate (irregular) such as vulval lacerations.
This is an AE which is an open sore located on the genital area, which includes the vulva, penis, perianal region, or anus.
This is an AE which is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) and/or organs (macroscopic scale), and/or the abnormal histology or anatomical structure presumably resulting from such growth such as vulvar dysplasia.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the vulva, the external female mammalian genitalia that include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and introitus (the entrance to the vagina).
This is an AE which is related to neuropathic pain and associated to various degrees of vulvar mucosal hypersensitivity (mostly in the vestibular area), pelvic floor muscles dysfunction, a disorder of general perception of pain and/or various complex regional pain syndromes.
This is an AE which refers frequently or always decreased interest in sex or ability to have sex .
This is an AE which includes yeast infection, vaginitis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and cancer.
This is an AE which is a common condition that is particularly prevalent during and after the menopause, and is one of the symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
This is an AE which is redness of the vulvovaginal skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is an vulvovaginal infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family.
vulvovaginal human papilloma virus infection AE
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators such as vulvovaginal inflammmation.
This is an AE which is vulvovaginal disease caused by fungi .
This is an AE which is major health concerns in women of childbearing age.
This is an AE which thought to be attributable to autoimmune progesterone dermatitis.
This is an AE which is a change of the vulvovaginal skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of a vulvovaginal part or area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ such as vulvovaginal .
This is an AE which is the most common mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection encountered by the dermatologists.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the vagina and vulva.
This is an AE which is inflammation caused by trichomonal of the vagina and vulva.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the uterine.
This is an AE which is the failure of the uterus to contract adequately following delivery.
This is an AE which includes two types of cancer that develop from the tissues of the uterus.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the cells from the 'inside' of the cervical canal, known as glandular cells (or columnar epithelium), are present on the 'outside' of the vaginal portion of the cervix.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on the uterine cervical often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is a benign non-cancerous change (metaplasia) of surfacing lining cells (epithelium) to a squamous morphology on the uterine cervical .
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a uterine cervix membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ.
This is an AE which is a closed uterine sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a less severe condition in which there is only incomplete separation of the old scar.
This is an AE which is the main female hormone-responsive, secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals and its function become disorder.
This is an AE which is a medical symptom in which the volume and size of the uterus in a female is abnormally high.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of uterine blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which associated with fundal placenta causing depression of the uterine fundus in case of inappropriate maneuvers (pulling on the umbilical cord, uterine expression).
This is an AE which is often equated to the physiological response to injury or infection on uterine .
This is an AE which is damage to the uterine caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is when the uterus turns inside out, usually following childbirth.
This is an AE which is the most common benign tumor of the uterus found in women of reproductive age.
This is an AE which is a uterus that is oriented posteriorly, towards the back of the body.
This is an AE which is one of the rarest complications following pelvic arterial embolization for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of uterine .
This is an AE which is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus.
This is an AE which is when the muscular wall of the uterus tears during pregnancy or childbirth.
This is an AE which is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ such as the uterine tissue.
This is an AE which refers pain or discomfort when an affected uterine area is touched.
This is an AE which is a type of bacteria that can cause infection of the urinary tract and vagina.
This is an AE which is a common and salvaging complications after renal transplantation.
This is an AE which is a medical condition of the ureter that involves inflammation.
This is an AE which is a common presentation of sexually transmitted infection (STI) in men and known pathogens include Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.
This is an AE which is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body of both females and males and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged urethral blood vessels.
This is an AE which in major trauma is infrequent, with complex problems of diagnosis and treatment.
This is an AE which is an imprecise diagnosis, which continues to be defined by a low pressure urethra.
urethral intrinsic sphincter deficiency AE
This is an AE which is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals such as urethral meatus stenosis.
This is an AE which is a symptom complex including dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency, nocturia and persistent or intermittent urethral and/or pelvic pain in the absence of proven infection.
This is an AE which is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ such as the bladder such as urethral spasm.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the urethra and is noninfective.
This is an AE which comprises a number of different types of cancer that result from squamous cells on the cervix.
squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix AE
This is an AE which is a physiological phenomenon in which the penis becomes firm, engorged, enlarged and is spontaneous.
This is an AE which is infections that are spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.
This is an AE which is a cutaneous condition characterized by calcification of the skin resulting from the deposition of calcium and phosphorus occurring on the scrotum.
This is an AE which is not considered a separate disease entity and is usually considered a condition similar to the contact dermatitis occurring elsewhere.
This is an AE which is reactive scrotal skin conditions in which there is blanchable redness.
This is an AE which is a benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both on the prostatic.
This is an AE which is commonly observed while performing transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), yet its significance is poorly understood.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the prostatic, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) and/or organs (macroscopic scale), and/or the abnormal histology or anatomical structure presumably resulting from such growth such as prostatic dysplasia.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the prostate gland and is classified into acute, chronic, asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
This is an AE which is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland.
This is an AE which is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in an abnormal position near or over the cervical opening.
This is an AE which is the most common cause of antepartum haemorrhage.
This is an AE which is a common pathologic condition in obstetrics and identified nanobacteria in placental calcification indicated that nanobacteria infection is related to placental calcification.
This is an AE which is the failure of the placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy, and is often a result of insufficient blood flow to the placenta.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the perineal.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the perineal, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is an unusual condition that presents 2–3 days after a throat infection as a fine diffuse macular erythema of the perineal region.
This is an AE which refers the region of the body between the pubic arch and the tail bone and it has infection.
This is an AE which is a laceration of the skin and other soft tissue structures which, in women, separate the vagina from the anus.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ such as perineal ulceration.
This is an AE which is a relatively common complication of obstetric and colorectal surgery , and can also occur in diseases such as Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, ischemic colitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or endocarditis.
This is an AE which is a long term condition in women believed to be due to enlarged veins in the lower abdomen.
This is an AE which is a break of the bony structure of the pelvis.
This is an AE which can be described as a pregnancy discomfort for some women and a severe disability for others. PGP can cause pain, instability and limitation of mobility and functioning in any of the three pelvic joints.
This is an AE which is a common finding following hysterectomy which at times may become infected causing substantial morbidity.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged pelvic blood vessels.
This is an AE which is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system, namely the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and inside of the pelvis.
This is an AE which is damage to the pelvic organ caused by an external force.
This is an AE which has become a standard operation for selected patients with ulcerative colitis, but is contraindicated in patients with Crohn's disease at our institution.
This is an AE which is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions.
This is an AE which is a group of rare autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin, and mucous membranes.
This is an AE which is a small pocket of body fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the penile skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
This is an AE which is redness of the penile skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged penile blood vessels.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the penile tissue.
This is an AE which is a change of the penile skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of a penile part or area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is typically small, rough, hard growths on the penile that are similar in color to the rest of the skin.
This is an AE which is the process of combining two or more distinct entities into a new whole such as penoscrotal fusion.
This is an AE which is classified as menstrual disorders and include oligoovulation and anovulation.
This is an AE which is a physiological phenomenon in which the penis becomes firm, engorged, and enlarged.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the ovarian.
This is an AE which is a benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both such as ovarian adenoma.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body such as ovarian atrophy.
This is an AE which is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary and the sac is ruptured.
This is an AE which may refer to diseases primarily affecting, or centered on, the ovaries.
This is an AE which is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) and/or organs (macroscopic scale), and/or the abnormal histology or anatomical structure presumably resulting from such growth such as ovarian dyspasia.
This is an AE which is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as ovarian germ cell .
This is an AE which is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as ovarian germ cell and is benign.
This is an AE which is a histologically diverse group of neoplasms with a common origin in the primitive germ cell.
This is an AE which is tumours that arise from ovarian granulosa cells.
This is an AE which is damage to the ovarian caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis such as ovarian necrosis.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of ovarian tissue.
This is an AE which is a condition in which organs fall down or slip out of place such as ovarian prolapse.
This is an AE which is when an ovary twists on its attachment to other structures, such that blood flow is decreased.
This is an AE which is listed in the DSM-5 under Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and defined as "a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness".
This is an AE which occurs in young adult men, and leads to pain and swelling of the testis.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the testes and is noninfective.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the ovaries.
This is an AE which may be an aetiological factor in the development of urinary incontinence in women.
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the ovaries and is noninfective.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of prostate tissue.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the kidneys and may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules.
This is an AE which is a condition in which prolonged or excessive uterine bleeding occurs irregularly and more frequently than normal.
This is an AE which is the time in women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.
This is an AE which is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina feel discomfortable.
This is an AE which is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina and it is delayed.
This is an AE which the lower end of the uterus, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the upper end, the fundus, is connected to the fallopian tubes and is infected.
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by high levels of androgens in women and, less commonly, in men.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the genital.
This is an AE which is a small pocket of genital fluid (lymph, serum, plasma, blood, or pus) within the upper layers of the skin, usually caused by forceful rubbing (friction), burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection.
This is an AE which is defined as an unpleasant, abnormal sense of touch on the genital.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the genital, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a condition that affects the female reproductive system.
This is an AE which is a condition that affects the male reproductive system.
This is an AE which is redness of the genital skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged genital blood vessels.
This is an AE which is an infection by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) of the genitals.
This is an AE which is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus.
This is an AE which is a viral genital disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized genital area.
This is an AE which is a common side effect of various medical conditions which manifests as a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as genital hypoesthesia.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce such as genital infection.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an organism's genital tissues by disease-causing agents such as bactarial, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is the invasion of an organism's genital tissues by disease-causing agents such as fungal, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
This is an AE which is trauma to the genitalia.
This is an AE which is defined as complete or partial fusion of the labia minora in the midline through flimsy or dense adhesions.
This is an AE which is uncommon and may occur in cases of generalized porokeratosis with genital involvement or be localized to the genital area.
This is an AE which is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body such as female genital malignant neoplasm.
This is an AE which can arise from a variety of conditions, crimes, trauma, medical treatments, physical diseases, mental illness and infections.
This is an AE which is a sensation on the female genital that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
This is an AE which is a change of the human genital skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which is for a long time suspected of inducing sterility in the male.
This is an AE which is a genitalia external distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is the most common bacterial infection in children and can be the early clinical manifestation of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) or be related to bladder dysfunctions.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of germ cell .
This is an AE which is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
This is an AE which is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours.
This is an AE which is a malignant neoplasm that originates from the fallopian tube.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the fallopian tube, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is tubes that stretch from the ovaries to the uterus, in the human female reproductive system and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is disorders of the endocrine system.
This is an AE which is a surgical procedure that is used to remove (ablate) or destroy the endometrial lining of the uterus in people with uteruses who have heavy menstrual bleeding.
This is an AE which is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).
This is an AE which is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells such as endometrial hypertrophy.
This is an AE which is a disease of the female reproductive system in which cells similar to those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grow outside the uterus.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium).
This is an AE which is inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) with decidual.
This is an AE which is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium.
This is an AE which is a commonly used method for securing airway and is considered to be safe but it can still lead to some complications of the airway.
This is an AE which is a female sex organ present in mammals, ostriches and a limited number of other animals and is become enlarged.
This is an AE that caused difficulty in swallowing and speech after it had been damaged by intubation or suction of the throat.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the uterine cervix.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the uterine cervix caused by human papilloma virus.
This is an AE which is a type of headache characterised by chronic hemicranial pain referred to the head from either the cervical spine or soft tissues within the neck.
This is an AE which is a condition where a person has the sensation of movement or of surrounding objects moving when they are not and it is cervicogenic.
This is an AE which is a cancer arising from the cervix and is metastatic.
This is an AE which is a cancer arising from the cervix.
This is an AE which is a cancer arising from the cervix and is recurrent.
This is an AE which is the lower part of the uterus (womb) in the human female reproductive system and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged uterine cervix blood vessels.
This is an AE which is the inflammation of the cervix that can cause cervicitis .
This is an AE which is damage to the cervix caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of cervix tissue.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the cervix tissue.
This is an AE which is any form of physical injury to the chest including the ribs, heart and lungs.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the chest wall.
This is an AE which is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal.
This is an AE which is a cyst as a swelling in the upper part of neck anterior to sternocleidomastoid.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus that develops in the breast with various causes.
This is an AE which is a common mammographic finding, present on 86% of images.
This is an AE which is cancer that develops from breast tissue on female.
This is an AE which is a pre-cancerous or non-invasive cancerous lesion of the breast.
This is an AE which is when a person's cancer returns after treatment such as breast cancer recurrence.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the breast skin.
This is an AE which is a fluid-filled sac within the breast.
This is an AE which is fluid from the nipple caused infection, with or without squeezing the breast.
This is an AE which is a constellation of symptoms involving the breasts.
This is an AE which the most common symptoms are a breast mass, breast pain, and nipple discharge.
This is an AE which is benign, although malignancies can also occur such gynecomastia.
This is an AE which is the enlargement of the breasts.
This is an AE which can range from small mammographically-detected hematomas to large clinically significant hematomas that can cause severe discomfort to patients.
This is an AE which is dermal thickening causing the breast cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the breast or udder, usually associated with breastfeeding.
This is an AE which is damage to the breast caused by an external force.
This is an AE which is deformities of the breast contour involving the inferior breast pole.
This is an AE which is a localized swelling that feel different from the surrounding tissue.
This is an AE which is one of the important imaging features of early breast cancer and are a key to early breast cancer diagnosis.
This is an AE which is milk produced by mammary glands, located in the breast of a human female and is discolouration .
This is an AE which is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age, usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or without additional water) but is intolerance.
This is an AE which is an abnormal mass of tissue in the breast as a result of neoplasia.
This is an AE which clinically using signs which include; increase in breast size, peau d'orange, skin erythema, hyperpigmented skin pores and positive pitting sign, as well as symptoms of breast pain and the sensation of heaviness in the breast.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a breast membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ.
This is an AE which is an abnormal mass of tissue in the breast as a result of neoplasia is benign.
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by not enough androgenic activity in the body.
This is an AE which is a pregnancy in which the embryo never develops or develops and is reabsorbed.
This is an AE which is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body such as cervix.
This is an AE which is part of the female genitalia; they are the major externally visible portions of the vulva and it is enlarged.
This is an AE which is an unusually small penis.
This is an AE which is normal small bumps on the human penis.
This is an AE which is a disease of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria.
This is an AE which is inflammation caused by bacterial of the vagina and vulva.
This is an AE which is inflammation caused by candida of the glans penis.
This is an AE which is an inflammation that affects both the glans penis and prepuce.
This is an AE which may be associated with an inability to void, sexual dysfunction, and recurrent infection.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the head of the penis curves downward or upward, at the junction of the head and shaft of the penis.
This is an AE which is a common cause of a benign breast lump in premenopausal women.
This is an AE which is a condition of the breasts where there may be pain, breast cysts, and breast masses.
This is an AE which is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, as a persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a 'normal' sexual excitement phase.
This is an AE which is a rare medical condition of the breast connective tissues in which the breasts become excessively large.
This is an AE which is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer and can occur at any age (and, extremely rarely, in men).
This is an AE which refers to infertility in women.
This is an AE which refers to a sexually mature male's inability to impregnate a fertile female.
This is an AE which is a type of tumor that can occur within the cells of the pancreatic duct.
intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm AE
This is an AE which including usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are associated with increased risk, albeit of greatly different magnitudes, for the subsequent development of invasive carcinoma.
intraductal proliferative breast lesion AE
This is an AE which is the most common 'special' morphological subtype of breast cancer, comprising up to 15% of all cases.
This is an AE which is a risk factor and a nonobligate precursor of breast carcinoma.
This is an AE which is a raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast from which , in females, milk leaves the breast through the lactiferous ducts to feed an infant; meantime,its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is one of the most common reasons given by mothers for ceasing exclusive breastfeeding.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of a nipple part or area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is the lower part of the uterus (womb) in the human female reproductive system and is shortened.
This is an AE which is a closed sac on the adnexa uteri, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is the structures most closely related structurally and functionally to the uterus and it has mass.
This is an AE which is the structures most closely related structurally and functionally to the uterus and it feel pain.
This is an AE which is a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity that is became disorder.
This is an AE which is non-cyclic uterine bleeding characterized by irregular, prolonged, and often heavy menstruation.
This is an AE which is the ending of pregnancy where one or more babies leaves the uterus by passing through the vagina or by Caesarean section with bleeding.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin of male external genital organ.
cellulitis of male external genital organ AE
This is an AE which is a sexual activity typically involving the insertion and thrusting of the penis into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both and can bleeding sometimes.
This is an AE which means diminished functional activity of the gonads—the testes or the ovaries—that may result in diminished production of sex hormones.
This is an AE which means diminished functional activity of the gonads the testes or the ovaries that may result in diminished production of sex hormones occurs on male.
This is an AE which is extremely heavy menstrual blood flow.
This is an AE which is a common disorder that appears to be a consequence of a wide range of physical and psychological conditions.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of malignant nipple tissue on the female.
This is an AE which occurs when semen which would be ejaculated via the urethra is redirected to the urinary bladder.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of retroplacental blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery[1] and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which can be seen on the oocyte retrieval day which might cause the cancelation of oocyte retrieval procedure.
This is an AE which is pain during menstruation.
This is an AE which is an infection and inflammation in the Fallopian tubes (salpinges).
This is an AE which is an inflammation of the ovaries with salpingo.
This is an AE which is still common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and is still a major challenge in gynaecological practice.
This is an AE which is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.
This is an AE which is defined as having serologic proof of infection without symptoms of disease.
This is an AE which is due to problems with either the hypothalamus or pituitary gland affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis).
This is an AE which is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.
This is an AE which is the type of sexual dysfunction in which the penis fails to become or stay erect during sexual activity.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels on postmenopausal.
This is an AE which is a severe and disabling form of premenstrual syndrome affecting 1.8–5.8% of menstruating women.
This is an AE which is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck on the premenstrual .
This is an AE which refers to emotional and physical symptoms that regularly occur in the one to two weeks before the start of each menstrual period.
This is an AE which occurs when a man expels semen (and most likely experiences orgasm) soon after beginning sexual activity, and with minimal penile stimulation.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the ridged band of the akroposthion of the foreskin of the penis cannot stretch to allow it to be pulled back past the glans.
This is an AE which a condition in which the glans is completely exposed.
This is an AE which is the presence of blood in ejaculation.
This is an AE which is any disease of the reproductive system.
This is an AE which is a spontaneous orgasm during sleep that includes ejaculation for a male, or vaginal wetness or an orgasm (or both) for a female.
This is an AE which is the cord-like structure in males formed by the vas deferens (ductus deferens) and surrounding tissue that runs from the deep inguinal ring down to each testicle and its become disorder.
This is an AE which is a germ cell tumor of the testicle or, more rarely, the mediastinum or other extra-gonadal locations.
This is an AE which is a connective tissue disorder involving the growth of fibrous plaques in the soft tissue of the penis.
This is an AE which is defined as the elevation of end- expiratory lung volume above its predicted value, with no increase in end-expiratory alveolar pressure, which remains equal to atmospheric pressure.
This is an AE which comprise a group of anatomical abnormalities of the respiratory tree including congenital cystic malformations, bronchopulmonary sequestrations, bronchogenic cyst, bronchial atresia, and congenital lobar emphysema.
This is an AE which describes tumour cell microemboli with occlusive fibrointimal remodelling in small pulmonary arteries, veins and lymphatics.
This is an AE which is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all air-breathing animals with lungs and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the lung and bronchial mucosa, as demonstrated by examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytologic preparations or histologic examination of the bronchial mucosa.
This is an AE which is a disorder at the respiratory tract organ level that is due to problems with tissue development.
This is an AE which is an important opportunistic invasive mycosis in immunocompromised patients, but it is also increasingly seen in immunocompetent patients.
This is an AE which is common and radiological investigation of pleural effusion, thickening, masses, and pneumothorax is key in diagnosing and determining management.
This is an AE which is induced experimentally by adding high external resistances to breathing.
This is an AE which is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus.
This is an AE which is pathological conditions with allergic affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals.
This is an AE which is the process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface on respiratory process occured problem .
This is an AE which is a clinical sign that results from unequal intrathoracic pressure within the chest cavity.
This is an AE which is known as tracheitis, usually due to an infection.
This is an AE which is a distressing feeling on the tracheal often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes normal function of the tracheal .
This is an AE which is a condition or incident where the cartilage that keeps the airway (trachea) open is soft such that the trachea partly collapses especially during increased airflow.
This is an AE which is a surgical procedure infection which consists of making an incision (cut) on the anterior aspect (front) of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea (windpipe) .
This is an AE which is a surgical procedure which consists of making an incision (cut) on the anterior aspect (front) of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea (windpipe) and the surgical procedure results are malfunction.
This is an AE which is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit.
This is an AE which is a marker of bone fragility on the thoracic and is associated with a downward spiral of recurrent fractures known as the vertebral fracture cascade.
This is an AE which is any damage or abnormal change in the throat tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.
This is an AE which is a headache that is severe and has a sudden onset and is defined as a severe headache that takes seconds to minutes to reach maximum intensity.
This is an AE which is a tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the thymus that is considered a rare malignancy.
This is an AE which is rare indolent tumours of the anterior superior mediastinum.
This is an AE which is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which refers to an enlargement ("hyperplasia") of the thymus and is not always a disease state.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of thymus tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is a condition where the thymus is underdeveloped or involuted.
This is an AE which is a medical condition in which increased respiration elevates the blood pH beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45) with a concurrent reduction in arterial levels of carbon dioxide.
This is an AE which is caused by apnea (cessation of breathing) or respiratory dysfunction severe enough it will not sustain the body (such as agonal breathing).
This is an AE which occurs when ventilation is inadequate to perform needed respiratory gas exchange.
This is an AE which is pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in neonatal .
This is an AE which results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels.
This is an AE which refers the two reasons is neuromuscular disorders and respiratory muscle fatigue may lead to respiratory muscle weakness.
This is an AE which is a benign epithelial tumor on the respiratory growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds.
This is an AE which is blockage of the small airways in the lungs caused by respiratory syncytial virus.
respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis AE
This is an AE which is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing caused by respiratory syncytial virus .
respiratory syncytial virus bronchitis AE
This is an AE which is a very common, contagious virus that causes infections of the respiratory tract.
respiratory syncytial virus infection AE
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of respiratory tract tissues to harmful stimuli and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is a respiratory tract state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the respiratory tract tissue.
This is an AE which is an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli.
This is an AE which is the complete absence of lung tissue, including bronchial tree, lung parenchyma, and supporting vasculatures.
This is an AE which is a common asymptomatic finding, usually discovered on routine chest X-ray or at autopsy and is caused mainly by two mechanisms: the dystrophic form and the metastatic form.
This is an AE which is an enclosed pocket of air or gas in the lung and includes blebs, bullae, pulmonary cysts, and lung cavities and has a wall thickness of more than 4 mm.
This is an AE which is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma.
This is an AE which is an aggregation on the pulmonary of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation.
This is an AE which results from recurrent bleeding into alveolar spaces and interstitial lung tissue.
This is an AE which is a group of structures that emerge at the hilum of each lung, just above the middle of the mediastinal surface and behind the cardiac impression of the lung and it has mass.
This is an AE which is incomplete development of the lungs, resulting in an abnormally low number or size of bronchopulmonary segments or alveoli.
This is an AE which occurs when an artery to the lung becomes blocked and part of the lung dies.
This is an AE which is a form of pulmonary cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living pulmonary tissue by autolysis.
This is an AE which is a rare condition often diagnosed by either surgery or postmortem examination.
This is an AE which is a distressing pulmonary feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which refers to as pseudocysts in the literature, are air-filled thin-walled cysts that are formed in lung interstitium and can be single but are more often multiple.
This is an AE which is a rare medical syndrome in which respiratory failure involving bleeding in the lungs and kidney failure (glomerulonephritis) occur.
This is an AE which can be asymptomatic or result in impairment in quality of life and end-stage, severe, and/or life-threatening disease.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs such as pulmonary sepsis.
This is an AE which is the medical name for side effects on the lungs.
This is an AE which is defined as the spontaneously occurring presence of air in the pleural space in patients without clinically apparent underlying lung disease.
This is an AE which is a life threatening condition requiring emergent intervention.
This is an AE which result from fibrothorax, secondary to hemothorax, thoracic empyema, tuberculous pleural effusion, or even exposure to asbestos fibers.
This is an AE which is a medical procedure involving the surgical removal of the surface layer, membrane, or fibrous cover of an organ such as pleural.
This is an AE which can result from a variety of inflammatory processes.
This is an AE which is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of pleural tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the mesothelium).
This is an AE which is an audible medical sign present in some patients with pleurisy and other conditions affecting the chest cavity.
This is an AE which is an increase in the bulkiness of one or both of the pulmonary pleurae.
This is an AE which is inflammation caused by viral of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (pleurae).
This is an AE which is the abnormal presence of air or other gas within tissues.
This is an AE which is the general term for a class of interstitial lung diseases where inhalation of dust has caused interstitial fibrosis.
This is an AE which is a group of diseases involving respiratory tract abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is also called the pneumococcus.
This is an AE which is a yeast-like fungus of the genus Pneumocystis caused infection.
This is an AE which is a form of pneumonia that is caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii.
This is an AE which is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the mediastinum.
This is an AE which is a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans predominantly in immunosuppressed individuals and rarely in the immunocompetent population.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition caused by haemophilus of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition with influenzal of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
This is an AE which is a recognised but rare cause of rhabdomyolysis and can be further complicated with renal impairment.
This is an AE which is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by measles virus and can cause pneumonia.
This is an AE which refers to the development of necrosis, liquefication, and cavitation of the lung parenchyma from an infectious pathogen.
This is an AE which is a type of bacterial pneumonia that is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (which is also called pneumococcus).
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition caused by pseudomonal of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
This is an AE which is rare, has a high mortality and morbidity rate, and occurs commonly during influenza epidemics (airborne) or during the course of right sided bacterial endocarditis in drug addicts (blood borne).
This is an AE which is a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
This is an AE which is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm)containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection.
This is an AE which is the most common type of lung cancer, and like other forms of lung cancer, it is characterized by distinct cellular and molecular features.
This is an AE which is a region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air.
This is an AE which has a wall thickness of up to 4 mm.
This is an AE which is dermal thickening causing the lung cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer.
This is an AE which is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body such as lung neoplasm malignant.
This is an AE which refers abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, manifesting as swelling on the lower respiratory tract.
This is an AE which is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection caused by bacterial including lung abscess and acute bronchitis.
lower respiratory tract infection bacterial AE
This is an AE which is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection caused by fungal including lung abscess and acute bronchitis.
lower respiratory tract infection fungal AE
This is an AE which is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection caused by viral including lung abscess and acute bronchitis.
lower respiratory tract infection viral AE
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of lower respiratory tract tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants,and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which is mostly squamous-cell carcinomas, reflecting their origin from the epithelium of the larynx.
This is an AE which is cysts involving the larynx or more frequently supraglottic locations, such as epiglottis and vallecula.
This is an AE which refers to the larynx and feel discomfortable.
This is an AE which is manifested by obstructive breathing patterns reflecting functional or mechanical upper airway obstruction.
This is an AE which is a feeling on the laryngeal of not being able to breathe well enough.
This is an AE which is redness of the laryngeal skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
This is an AE which is the increase in the volume of laryngeal tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which may be a cause of ABD in preterm newborns and it may arise from oesophageal reflux and/or presence of the feeding tube. It can be diagnosed by atraumatic fiberoptic fibroscopy and successfully treated with corticosteroids.
This is an AE which is a distressing laryngeal feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
This is an AE which is a rare medical condition in which benign tumors (papilloma) form along the aerodigestive tract.
This is an AE which is a complex disorder of intralaryngeal and extralaryngeal movement.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the larynx (voice box) and is allergic.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the larynx (voice box) caused by bacterial.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the larynx (voice box) caused by viral.
This is an AE which is the most common cause of chronic stridor in infancy, in which the soft, immature cartilage of the upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation, causing airway obstruction.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the laryngotracheal tissue.
This is an AE which is a larynx state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which is the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular resistance (such as from pulmonic stenosis) or high blood pressure in the lungs.
This is an AE which is the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular resistance (such as from pulmonic stenosis) or high blood pressure in the lungs and is acute.
This is an AE which results in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), whereas acute pulmonary heart disease usually results in dilatation.
This is an AE which is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea.
This is an AE which is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
This is an AE which is a passage or airway in the respiratory system that conducts air into the lungs and its function becomes disorder.
This is an AE which is a state characterised by easily triggered bronchospasm (contraction of the bronchioles or small airways).
This is an AE which is a bronchial state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which is a radiologic sign which occurs when excess fluid or mucus buildup in the small airway passages of the lung causes localized patches of atelectasis (lung collapse).
This is an AE which is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing.
This is an AE which is short-term bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) of the lungs.
This is an AE which is inflammation caused by bacterial of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing.
This is an AE which is a lower respiratory tract disease, defined by a productive cough that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing because pneumococcal infection.
This is an AE which is short term inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs and the cause is a viral infection.
This is an AE which is a term for weak cartilage in the walls of the bronchial tubes, often occurring in children under a day.
This is an AE which is a chronic lung disease in which premature infants, usually those who were treated with supplemental oxygen, require long-term oxygen.
This is an AE which is a known complication of endobronchial tuberculosis though most patients with endobronchial stenosis do not develop severe bronchostenosis or occlusion.
This is an AE which is abnormally slow breathing.
This is an AE which is a mass of cells (tumor) that lacks the ability to either invade neighboring tissue or metastasize (spread throughout the body) such as benign lung neoplasm.
This is an AE which is the cessation of breathing.
This is an AE which is a sleep disorder in which abnormalities in breathing occur during sleep that may or may not be present while awake.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the vocal cord.
This is an AE which is a pathology affecting the vocal folds (commonly referred to as the vocal cords)characterized by full or partial vocal fold closure causing difficulty and distress during respiration, especially during inhalation.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of vocal cord tissues to harmful stimuli.
This is an AE which is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle.
This is an AE which is bilaterally symmetrical benign white masses that form at the midpoint of the vocal folds.
This is an AE which is an illness caused by an acute bacterial infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea.
upper respiratory tract infection bacterial AE
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli such as upper respiratory tract inflammation.
This is an AE which is a upper respiratory tract state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
This is an AE which occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa.
This is an AE which is an illness caused by an acute viral infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea.
viral upper respiratory tract infection AE
This is an AE which is pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals and is allergic.
This is an AE which is defined as cessation of breathing with implicit pathophysiology.
This is an AE which is the cessation of breathing on the neonatal.
This is an AE which is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers research in the field of respiratory disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory failure, and obstructive sleep apnea.
This is an AE which is a feeling of not being able to breathe well enough at rest.
This is an AE which is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night.
This is an AE which is overly shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate.
This is an AE which is the cessation of breathing on infantile.
This is an AE which is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung and is infective exacerbation.
infective exacerbation of bronchiectasis AE
This is an AE which is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain.
This is an AE which associates neonatal case fatality, and morbidity prevalence are high.
This is an AE which is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a respiratory rate greater than normal at neonatal, resulting in abnormally rapid breathing.
This is an AE which is a feeling of not being able to breathe well enough on postoperative.
This is an AE which is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), the first identified strain of the SARS coronavirus species severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV).
This is an AE which is a sleep disorder in which pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep occur more often than normal.
This is an AE which is an accumulation of air in the chest causing the lung to separate from the chest wall.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the bronchi fibrinous (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs that causes coughing and is allergic.
This is an AE which is a sudden expulsion of air through the large breathing passages that can help clear them of fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes and is allergic.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection of the trachea and is capable of producing airway obstruction.
This is an AE which is a disease that results in obstruction of the smallest airways of the lungs (bronchioles) due to inflammation.
This is an AE which is a disease of the lymph nodes at paratracheal, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency.
This is an AE which is significant both because of the clinical problems that it can create and because its pathogenesis can be defined.
This is an AE which occurs also during sleep.
This is an AE which is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure.
This is an AE which is believed to be caused by retrograde flow of gastric contents (particularly acid and pepsin) that affect pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa by direct contact or by a secondary mechanism.
This is an AE which is potentially a life-threatening condition with sudden onset and dramatic clinical presentation demanding prompt management and airway preservation.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
This is an AE which is closely related to sighing, and the inhalation characterizing a gasp induced by shock or surprise may be released as a sigh if the event causing the initial emotional reaction is determined to be less shocking or surprising than the observer first believed.
This is an AE which is a disease of the hilar lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency.
This is an AE which is a rare, progressive illness of the respiratory system, characterized by the thickening and stiffening of lung tissue, associated with the formation of scar tissue.
This is an AE which is a heterogeneous group of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms that lack the cytologic and architectural features of small cell carcinoma and glandular or squamous differentiation.
This is an AE which is mainly caused by bacteria, group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli and listeria being the most frequently involved; Herpes simplex is the main viral agent.
This is an AE which is a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition caused by varicella zoster of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
This is an AE which is a rare, severe lung disease that usually affects otherwise healthy individuals.
This is an AE which is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs.
This is an AE which is a group of diseases that mainly affect the alveoli of the lungs.
This is an AE which is a rare lung disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoprotein compounds within the alveoli of the lung.
This is an AE which is a rare immune system disorder that affects the lungs and is fibrosing.
This is an AE which is the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange at neonatal.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition caused by candida of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
This is an AE which is a surgical procedure in which one or both lungs are replaced by lungs from a donor and after the surgical procedure occurs complications .
This is an AE which is an inflammatory condition caused by covid-19 of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs.
This is an AE which is a histologic term used to describe specific changes that occur to the structure of the lungs during injury or disease.
This is an AE which is a lower respiratory tract disease, characterised by air-filled spaces (pneumatoses) in the lung, that can vary in size and may be very large.
This is an AE which is a disease in which an eosinophil, a type of white blood cell, accumulates in the lungs.
This is an AE which is a chronic disease in which an eosinophil, a type of white blood cell, accumulates in the lungs .
This is an AE which is tuberculosis (TB) within a location in the body other than the lungs.
This is an AE which causes viral pneumonia which can become life-threatening if the virus spreads to the lungs.
This is an AE which is a disease of the lung associated with RA, rheumatoid arthritis.
This is an AE which is more common in men than in women and it is closely correlated with a history of tobacco smoking, more so than most other types of lung cancer.
This is an AE which is any type of pneumonia not caused by one of the pathogens most commonly associated with the disease.
This is an AE which is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest is injury.
This is an AE which is one the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
This is an AE which is a vaso-occlusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature commonly seen in people with sickle cell anemia.
This is an AE which generally refers to a broad, deep chest found on a patient.
This is an AE which is a major abnormality in the shape of a body part or organ compared to the normal shape of that part such as thorax part.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.
This is an AE which is an accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity.
This is an AE which is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.
This is an AE which is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung and is infectious.
This is an AE which is a structural deformity of the anterior thoracic wall in which the sternum and rib cage are shaped abnormally.
This is an AE which is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity caused by microorganisms, usually bacteria.
This is an AE which is a rare and potentially limb- and life-threatening injury, that results from high-energy trauma.
This is an AE which is an acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators (inhalers) and corticosteroids.
This is an AE which is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs and is crisis.
This is an AE which occurs when breathing is impeded by a constricted or obstructed throat or windpipe.
This is an AE which is a feeling of deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing.
This is an AE which is a blockage of respiration in the airway that hinders the free flow of air and is reversible.
This is an AE which is the vibration of respiratory structures and the resulting sound due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping.
This is an AE which is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus.
This is an AE which is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease of unknown cause which can affect any body part of any person but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva) and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) when it affects the penis.
This is an AE which is the most common demyelinating disease, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged and it has plaque.
This is an AE which is a neuropathological condition with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampus, specifically in the CA-1 (Cornu Ammonis area 1) and subiculum of the hippocampus.
This is an AE which is a form of Hodgkin's lymphoma that is the most common subtype of HL in developed countries.
This is an AE which is a genetic multisystem disorder characterised by widespread hamartomas in several organs, including the brain, heart, skin, eyes, kidney, lung, and liver.
This is an AE which refers epidermal thickening characterized by visible and palpable thickening of the skin with accentuated skin markings.
This is an AE which is a disease in which the white matter of the brain appears damaged in concentric layers, leaving the axis cylinder intact.
This is an AE which is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer.
This ia an AE which is a eyelid skin condition characterized by excessively dry skin.
This is an AE which pressure is placed on the skin, the skin is damaged and is unable to be repaired due to the lack of blood perfusing the tissue.
This is an AE which is the condition of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another on the skin.
This is an AE which is a skin condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
This is an AE which is a small elevation of the skin containing cloudy or purulent material (pus) usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.
This is an AE which is an enlargement of skin tissue caused by an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation.
This is an AE which is the degeneration of skin tissue, due to disease or malnutrition, most likely due to heredity.
This is an Ae which is the increase in the volume of skin tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells.
This is an AE which is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative skin cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time.
This is an AE which is underdevelopment or incomplete development of a skin tissue .
This is an AE which is a mass of cells that lacks the ability to either invade neighboring tissue or metastasize and occurs on the skin.
This is an AE which is a small cutaneous depressions that can be noted on any part of the body and may be caused by traumatic, mechanical, metabolic, and genetic factors as well as by exposure to infections or drugs.
This is an AE which may present as either a superficial or deep infection of the skin, hair, and/or nails.
This is an AE which is the most frequent and potentially fatal complication of an allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation on the skin.
This is an AE which is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by a skin inflammatory reaction triggered by a wide variety of stimuli, including infections, foreign bodies, malignancy, metabolites, and chemicals.
This is an AE which is a usually benign vascular skin tumor derived from blood vessel cell types.
This is an AE which is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of skin tissue .
This is an AE which is skin neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine and nervous systems .
This is an AE which refers to skin lesions with a degree of risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma.
This is an AE which is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue，meantime it often recurs.
This is an AE which is a skin condition in which skin is prone to itching and irritation experienced as a subjective sensation when using cosmetics and toiletries.
This is an AE which bacterial skin infections include Cellulitis, Erysipelas,Folliculitis and Impetigo.
This is an AE which is kind of cancers that arise from the skin and they are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
This is an AE which is located on most of mucosal surfaces and mainly the skin and candida are almost universal in low numbers on healthy adult skin.
This is an AE which is defined as necrotic lesions that should have required additional resection after breast reconstruction.
This is an AE which is a cutaneous condition characterized by trauma-induced blisters and erosions.
This is an AE which refers to cause an indentation in the skin.
This is an AE which is part of the complex biological response of skin tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants,and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
This is an AE which specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin in pathology.
This is an AE which is defined as the softening and breaking down of skin resulting from prolonged exposure to moisture.
This is an AE which is an area of edema of the lower layer of skin under the skin.
This is an AE which has been described as a broad papule, or confluence of papules equal to or greater than 10 mm, or alternatively as an elevated, plateau-like lesion that is greater in its diameter than in its depth on the skin.
This is an AE which specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the epidermis of the skin in pathology .
This is an AE which is a rare genetic condition characterized by sagging, wrinkled skin, low skin elasticity, and delayed fontanel (soft spot) closure along with a range of other symptoms.
This is an AE which comprises a number of different types of cancer that result from squamous cells that form on the surface of the skin.
This is an AE which is a dermatological condition caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
This is an AE which is an skin infection caused by members of the Staphylococcus genus of bacteria .
This is an AE which is a popular name for an alleged ability of some people to attract objects to their skin.
This is an AE which is a rash with central clearing in dermatology .
This is an AE which refers to Virus-related cutaneous conditions caused by these obligate intracellular agents derive from both DNA and RNA viruses.
This is an AE which is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris.
This is an AE which is a skin neoplasm composed of squamous or epidermal cells.
This is an AE which is diffuse epidermal hyperplasia (thickening of the skin, and not to be confused with acanthocytes).
This ia an AE which is a childhood form of dermatitis selectively affecting the hands and feet and may be accompanied by mild symptoms of fever and malaise.
This is an AE which is a highly inflammatory disease presenting with comedones, nodules, abscesses, and draining sinus tracts.
This ia an AE which refers an inflammatory nodule with or without an associated epidermoid inclusion cyst.
This is an AE which is a form of acneiform eruption that occurs in infants from 6 weeks to 1 year of age.
This is an AE which is a long-term skin condition with pustular that occurs when dead skin cells and oil from the skin clog hair follicles.
This is an AE which is a rare condition consisting of follicular vesicopustules, sometimes occurring as solitary lesions that are usually very itchy.
This is an AE which is a chronic subepidermal blistering disease associated with autoimmunity to type VII collagen within anchoring fibril structures that are located at the dermoepidermal junction.
This is an AE which is a childhood form of dermatitis selectively affecting the hands and feet and may be accompanied by mild symptoms of fever and malaise.
This is an AE which is a dermatological condition that takes a chronically progressive course and finally leads to a widespread atrophy of the skin.
This is an AE which is a skin disease characterized by the sudden onset of fever, an elevated white blood cell count, and tender, red, well-demarcated papules and plaques that show dense infiltrates by neutrophil granulocytes on histologic examination.
acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis AE
This is an AE which is a change of the application site skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which is a rare, cutaneous condition that causes dermal atrophy.
This is an AE which is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash and it is autoimmune.
This is an AE which induced by heparin is a rare and benign side effect .
This is an AE which is an cryptococcal infection of the skin in humans and other animals, that can also affect the associated soft tissues such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes.
This is an AE which is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues.
This is an AE which is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation.
This is an AE which is a group of rare connective tissue disorders in which the skin becomes inelastic and hangs loosely in folds.
This is an AE which is a skin condition of the posterior neck, characterized by deep furrowing of the skin.
This is an AE which is a generalized bluish discoloration of the body and the visible mucous membranes, which occurs due to inadequate oxygenation secondary to conditions that lead to an increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin or presence of abnormal hemoglobin.
This is an AE which is the change of neonatal body tissue color to a bluish-purple hue as a result of having decreased amounts of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells of the capillary bed.
This is an AE which is a closed dermal sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a sac or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by the destruction of tissue.
This is an AE which is a rare disease that seldom affects the genitals.
This is an AE which is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is characterised by intense itching and recurrent eczematous lesions.
This is an AE which is a type of inflammation of the skin.
This is an AE which is one of the most common skin conditions that infants suffer from and their caregivers manage in the first months post-birth.
This is an AE which is an uncommon but serious skin disorder that family physicians must be able to recognize and treat appropriately.
This is an AE which is a chronic autoimmune blistering skin condition, characterised by intensely itchy blisters filled with a watery fluid.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash and is infected.
This is an AE which is inflammation with psoriasiform of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash.
This is an AE which is a medical condition, defined as an excess of skin in the upper or lower eyelid.
This is an AE which is a rare locally aggressive malignant cutaneous soft-tissue sarcoma.
This is an AE which refers to the making of naturally occurring ridges on certain body parts, namely palms, fingers, soles, and toes and it is anomal.
This is an AE which is lymph node pathology due to skin disease.
This is an AE which has diffuse involvement in which the entire integument may be thickened and infiltrated with mast cells to produce a peculiar orange color, giving rise to the term "homme orange."
This is an AE which is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.
This is an AE which is a teratoma of a cystic nature that contains an array of developmentally mature, solid tissues.
This is an AE which refers a neurophysiologic factor in functional disorders.
This is an AE which is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling.
This is an AE which is a iatrogenic cutaneous reaction that occurs immediately after a drug injection.
This is an AE which refers a punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means (often scratching), usually involving only the epidermis, but commonly reaching the papillary dermis.
This is an AE which is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture and is exfoliative.
This is an AE which is immune-mediated inflammation of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash.
This is an AE which refers a punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means (often scratching), usually involving only the mucosal epidermis, but commonly reaching the papillary dermis.
This is an AE which is a change of the incision site skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which is an immune disorder of T cells, it is characterized by chronic infections with Candida that are limited to mucosal surfaces, skin, and nails.
This is an AE which is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged mucocutaneous blood vessels.
This is an AE which is a change of the mucocutaneous skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which is an inflammatory skin condition related to Sweet syndrome that responds to corticosteroids.
This is an AE which is a change of the nodular skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which refers a small spherical group of cells containing a cavity on the skin.
This is an AE which is a change of the neonatal skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
This is an AE which is a condition which presents with both papules and scales, or both scaly papules and plaques.
This is an AE which is inflammation of the vaccination site skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash.
This is an AE which is an acute, often fatal, thrombotic disorder which manifests as blood spots, bruising and discolouration of the skin resulting from coagulation in small blood vessels within the skin and rapidly leads to skin necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
This is an AE which is a neonatal condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure.
This is an AE which is a characterized of henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP).
This is an AE which commonly refers to flaking (or scaling) of the skin.
This is an AE which is a disease of the immune system and is the more severe version of pityriasis lichenoides chronica.
pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta AE
This is an AE which is a type of skin rash.
This is an AE which refers to a group of chronic disorders characterized by reddish orange, scaling plaques and keratotic follicular papules.
This is an AE which is a type of melanocytic tumor that contains nevus cells.
This is an AE which is a genus of two species of white rot poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.
This is an AE which correspond to epidermal hypermelanocytosis (an increased number of melanocytes) or epidermal hypermelanosis (an increase in the quantity of melanin in the epidermis with no modification of the number of melanocytes).
This is an AE which is a form of hyperpigmentation associated with increased melanin.
This is an AE which is a skin condition caused by long-term exposure to heat (infrared radiation).
This is an AE which is a descriptive term for a class of skin lesion presenting redness (erythema) in a ring form (anulare) that spreads from a center (centrifugum).
This is an AE which is a form of vasculitis and has been described as a paraneoplastic syndrome.
This is an AE which is a panniculitis on the calves and it occurs mainly in women, but it is very rare now.
This is an AE which is one of several possible manifestations of infection by parvovirus B19.
This is an AE which is a type of erythema (redness of the skin or mucous membranes) involving pink rings on the torso and inner surfaces of the limbs which come and go for as long as several months.
This is an AE which is an expanding rash often seen in the early stage of Lyme disease, and can also (but less commonly) be caused by southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI).
This is an AE which is a common, non-threatening rash in newborns.
This is an AE which is a superficial skin infection that causes brown, scaly skin patches.
This is an AE which is a tan or dark skin discoloration.
This is an AE which describes anatomy with the appearance and hair follicles get buried in the oedema and resemble an orange peel.
This is an AE which is a disorder where hives (urticaria) or large red welts form on the skin after exposure to a cold stimulus.
This is an AE which is the physical urticarias where wheals are elicited via specific physical (mechanical, temperature, radiation) stimuli.
This is an AE which is a rare condition in which exposure to ultraviolet or UV radiation, or sometimes even visible light, induces a case of urticaria or hives that can appear in both covered and uncovered areas of the skin.
This is an AE which is the most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis.
This is an AE which is a rare form of physical urticaria in which hives develop on the skin after contact with water, regardless of its temperature.
This is an AE which is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.
This is an AE which is a physical urticaria caused by pressure applied to the skin, and is characterized by the development of swelling and pain that usually occurs 3 to 12 hours after local pressure has been applied.
This is an AE which is a non-life-threatening and potentially distressing skin condition that is triggered by sunlight and artificial UV exposure in a genetically susceptible person, particularly in temperate climates during the spring and early summer.
This is an AE which is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.
This is an AE which is a widespread rash occurring on the outside of the body and usually occurring in children.
This is an AE which is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area.
This is an AE which is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area and is multi-dermatomal.
This is an AE which is defined as more than twenty skin lesions appearing outside either the primarily affected dermatome or dermatomes directly adjacent to it.
This is an AE which is a medical sign consisting of a characteristic form of facial rash.
This is an AE which is an infection caused by the rubella virus.
This is an AE which can refer to both beneficial medical procedures (e.g. vaccination) as well as non-beneficial or harmful natural processes (e.g. infection or disease).
This is an AE which is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture and is septic.
This is an AE which is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes due to sweat trapped under the skin by clogged sweat gland ducts.
This is an AE which is a bacterial disease spread by ticks.
This is an AE which is a rash (small spots) on the mucous membranes.
This is an AE which is a rare severe adverse reaction to smallpox vaccination.
This is an AE which is a life-threatening condition with herpes that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
This is an AE which is a rare but severe disseminated infection that generally occurs at sites of skin damage produced by, for example, atopic dermatitis, burns, long-term usage of topical steroids or eczema.
This is an AE which is a common type of pruritic dermatitis and can also be known as xerosis, which is dry skin.
This is an AE which is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats, in contrast to epidemic typhus which is usually transmitted by lice.
This is an AE which is a clog of the eccrine sweat gland.
This is an AE which is an itchy eruption of the skin.
This is an AE which may mimic diseases that present with annular configuration and the differential diagnosis is broad.
This is an AE which is an infectious disease caused by the cowpox virus.
This is an AE which is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family.
This is an AE which is a slow-growing (16- to 20-hour generation time) aerobic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle (known as bovine TB).
This is an AE which is flat, hyperpigmented birthmarks.
This is an AE which is clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.
This is an AE which is a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin.
This is an AE which is a skin condition characterized by excessively dry skin.
This is an AE which is a discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly (a capillary malformation in the skin).
This is an AE which is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body.
This is an AE which is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities.
This is an AE which is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries and it is epiglottic.
This is an AE which is a common type of conjunctival stromal degeneration in the eye.
This is an AE which is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field.
This is an AE which is a firmly attached white patch on a mucous membrane which is associated with increased risk of cancer.
This is an AE which is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, usually from the Sun.
This is an AE which is blemishes on the skin associated with aging and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
This is an AE which is a form of scleroderma that involves isolated patches of hardened skin on the face, hands, and feet, or anywhere else on the body, with no internal organ involvement.
This is an AE which is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.
This is an AE which is the (uncontrolled) death of cells in the (cerebral) cortex of the brain in a band-like pattern,with a relative preservation of cells immediately adjacent to the meninges.
This is an AE which is a rare neurodegenerative disease involving the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia.
This is an AE which is one specific measure of bodily symmetry.
This is an AE which is feel discomfortable of a family of skin care treatments for the face, including steam, exfoliation (physical and chemical), extraction, creams, lotions, facial masks, peels, and massage.
This is an AE which is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by irregular, involuntary muscle contractions (spasms) on one side (hemi-) of the face (-facial).
This is an AE which is sensitivity of a powder made by grinding raw grains, roots, beans, nuts, or seeds.
This is an AE which is a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin.
This is an AE which is used for a heterogeneous group of diseases that share pustular skin characteristics.
This is an AE which is highly inflammatory skin condition resulting in large fluid-filled blister-like areas - pustules and it is eosinophilic .
This is an AE which is an itchy rash with an unknown cause that is most common among individuals with HIV, though it can occur in HIV-negative individuals where it is known by the eponym Ofuji disease.
This is an AE which is a cutaneous condition characterized by deposits of excessive amounts of collagen which gives rise to a raised scar, but not to the degree observed with keloids.
This is an AE which refers to one of a group of skin disorders that are characterized primarily by their resemblance to psoriasis (red, scaly lesions), rather than by their underlying cause.
This is an AE which is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin.
This is an AE which is a polymorphic, pruritic, papulovesicular dermatosis characterized histologically by acantholysis with or without dyskeratosis.
This is an AE which is a condition where purpura, which constitutes visible non-blanching hemorrhages, are raised and able to be touched or felt upon palpation.
This is an AE which implies that this nevus exists as a distinct and defined entity of potential detriment to its host.
This is an AE which is a type of telangiectasis (swollen blood vessels) found slightly beneath the skin surface, often containing a central red spot and deep reddish extensions (see Blood color) which radiate outwards like a spider's web or a spider's legs.
This is an AE which is a deep folliculitis on eyelid, infection of the hair follicle.
This is an AE which is a common type of contagious, superficial fungal infection of the groin region, which occurs predominantly but not exclusively in men and in hot-humid climates.
This is an AE which is a bacterial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus that results in the formation of large blisters called bullae, usually in areas with skin folds like the armpit, groin, between the fingers or toes, beneath the breast, and between the buttocks. It accounts for 30% of cases of impetigo, the other 70% being non-bullous impetigo.
This is an AE which is a type of dermatitis that is characterized by itchy blisters on the palms of the hands and bottoms of the feet.
This is an AE which is a chronic recurrent pustular dermatosis (that is, a pustulosis or pustular psoriasis) localized on the palms and soles only, characterized histologically by intraepidermal pustules filled with neutrophils.
This is an AE which attributed to Heinrich Köbner, is the appearance of skin lesions on lines of trauma.
This is an AE which involves a neuropathic component is often of mild intensity.
This is an AE which is the formation of a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III (early) or type I (late) collagen.
This is an AE which is a cutaneous condition characterized by rough, yellow-brown keratotic, flat-topped papules.
This is an AE which is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle.
This is an AE which is largely dermatological conditions, which present clinically as cutaneous photosensitivity.
This is an AE which is a specific disorder of keratinization that is characterized histologically by the presence of a cornoid lamella, a thin column of closely stacked, parakeratotic cells extending through the stratum corneum with a thin or absent granular layer.
This is an AE which is a rare, inflammatory skin disease where painful pustules or nodules become ulcers that progressively grow.
This is an AE which is a clinical dermatological sign, named after Pyotr Nikolsky.
This is an AE which is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure.
This is an AE which is a chronic discoloration of the skin found in people of all ages, usually only affecting the feet, legs or thighs or a combination.
This is an AE which a medical sign, is a reduced degree of facial expression.
This is an AE which is a complication of pregnancy; the acronym stands for Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count.
This is an AE which is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional.
This is an AE which is a vascular occlusion in humans in the region of the ulna.
This is an AE which is a rare congenital brain malformation in which the part joining the two hemispheres of the cerebellum (the cerebellar vermis) does not fully form, and the fourth ventricle and space behind the cerebellum (the posterior fossa) are enlarged with cerebrospinal fluid.
This is an AE which is a reaction of the skin to a viral infection.
This is an AE which is an autosomal recessive kidney tubule disorder characterized by low blood levels of potassium and magnesium, decreased excretion of calcium in the urine, and elevated blood pH.
This is an AE which is a postulated disorder of vision or image-processing in the brain.
This is an AE which is a rare congenital medical condition in which blood vessels and/or lymph vessels fail to form properly.
This is an AE which is defined as acute coronary syndrome (symptoms such as chest pain relating to reduced blood flow to the heart) caused by an allergic reaction or a strong immune reaction to a drug or other substance.
This is an AE which represents the asymmetric variant of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).
This is an AE which is a condition in which compression of the common venous outflow tract of the left lower extremity may cause discomfort, swelling, pain or clots (deep venous thrombosis) in the iliofemoral veins.
This is an AE which is a type of dystonia and is actually a combination of two forms of dystonia, blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia (OMD).
This is an AE which is a medical condition, typically starting in young children, in which high fever occurs periodically at intervals of about 3-5 weeks, frequently accompanied by aphthous-like ulcers, pharyngitis and/or cervical adenitis (cervical lymphadenopathy).
This is an AE which is a severe endocrine disease caused by a corticotroph pituitary tumor and associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
pituitary-dependent cushing's syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a rare disorder of unknown cause that is characterized by abundant histiocytes in the lymph nodes or other locations throughout the body.
This is an AE which is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with orbital pain, along with weakness and paralysis (ophthalmoplegia) of certain eye muscles (extraocular palsies).
This is an AE which is a chromosomal deletion syndrome resulting from a partial deletion on the short arm of chromosome 4 (del(4p16.3)).
This is an AE which is a rare genetic malformation syndrome characterized by the partial or complete absence of a key structure in the brain called the corpus callosum, the presence of retinal abnormalities, and seizures in the form of infantile spasms.
This is an AE which is a group of thirteen genetic connective-tissue disorders that are in the current classification, with a fourteenth type discovered in 2018.
This is an AE which is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's immune system attacks their own red blood cells and platelets, the syndrome can include immune neutropenia.
This is an AE which is a type of psychophysical visual disturbance in which a person with partial or severe blindness experiences visual hallucinations.
This is an AE which is an abnormal sensory perception during sleep in which a person experiences unreal noises that are loud and of short duration when falling asleep or waking up.
This is an AE which is a type of inflammatory disorder which affects multiple parts of the body.
This is an AE which is possible to argue that motor competence can be understood as the person s ability to carry out different motor skills and is become disorder.
This is an AE which is a condition in which a patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for vertical eye movements and blinking.
This is an AE which is knee pain as a result of problems between the kneecap and the femur.
This is an AE which is a condition in which people in a building suffer from symptoms of illness or become infected with chronic disease from the building in which they work or reside.
This is an AE which is generally a long-term disorder that causes a strong urge to move one's legs.
This is an AE which is a rare X-linked dominant genetic disorder that affects the skin, hair, teeth, nails and central nervous system.
This is an AE which is a neurological disorder causing a range of symptoms due to ischemia in the lateral part of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem.
This is an AE which is a hereditary autoinflammatory syndrome caused by mutations in the mevalonate kinase gene.
This is an AE which is a heterogeneous group of immune disorders.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability.
This is an AE which is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
This is an AE which is a medical condition characterized by a snapping sensation felt when the hip is flexed and extended.
This is an AE which is a syndrome caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22.
This is an AE which is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outward.
This is an AE which is part of a group called Ras/MAPK pathway syndromes, is a rare autosomal dominant,multisystem disease caused by a mutation in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 gene (PTPN11).
This is an AE which is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring medical intervention to achieve homeostasis.
This is an AE which is an informal label that physicians apply to patients with symptoms similar to those of asthma.
reactive airways dysfunction syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a compression neuropathy and painful foot condition in which the tibial nerve is compressed as it travels through the tarsal tunnel.
This is an AE which is a rare syndrome caused by a genetic disorder.
This is an AE which is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the body's moisture-producing (lacrimal and salivary) glands, and often seriously affects other organ systems, such as the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system.
This is an AE which is a complication of otitis media and mastoiditis involving the apex of the petrous temporal bone.
This is an AE which is a chronic and multi-symptomatic disorder affecting returning military veterans of the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War.
This is an AE which is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached.
This is an AE which is a combination of symptoms that arises when a group of nerves known as the sympathetic trunk is damaged.
This is an AE which is a medical condition of decreased mobility due to disorders of the locomotor system.
This is an AE which is a mild liver disorder in which the liver does not properly process bilirubin.
This is an AE which is a syndrome involving tendonitis (inflammation of tendons) of the rotator cuff muscles as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the acromion.
This is an AE which is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of medicational or recreational drugs.
This is an AE which is an autoimmune disease associated with interstitial lung disease, dermatomyositis, and polymyositis.
This is an AE which is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid antibodies.
This is an AE which is a rapidly worsening brain disease.
This is an AE which is a group of rare, heterogeneous autoinflammatory disease characterized by interleukin 1β-mediated systemic inflammation and clinical symptoms involving skin, joints, central nervous system, and eyes.
cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a rare progressive disorder of presumed autoimmune cause, characterized by painful muscle spasms, alopecia, diarrhea, endocrinopathy with amenorrhoea and secondary skeletal abnormalities.
This is an AE which is a clinical situation of an individual's first neurological episode, caused by inflammation or demyelination of nerve tissue.
This is an AE which mostly occurs in congenital ptosis patients, is characterized by jaw movement evoking ptotic eyelid retraction, followed by collapse. Inverted, bilateral and acquired MGS were also reported.
This is an AE which is the triad of ascites, pleural effusion, and benign ovarian tumor (ovarian fibroma, fibrothecoma, Brenner tumour, and occasionally granulosa cell tumour).
This is an AE which is a form of chemical pneumonitis or aspiration pneumonitis caused by aspiration of stomach contents (principally gastric acid) during anaesthesia in childbirth.
This is an AE which is one of the family of mitochondrial diseases, which also include MERRF syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
This is an AE which is a rare variant of Guillain-Barré's syndrome characterized by the acute development of ataxia, ophthalmoparesis, and areflexia.
This is an AE which is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull).
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder that may present with mildly unusual facial features, short height, congenital heart disease, bleeding problems, and skeletal malformations.
This is an AE which is a congenital defect observed in humans which is characterized by facial abnormalities.
This is an AE which is a common and important problem among health professionals that also has adverse effects on people's daily life, especially increasing the incidence of infection and trauma.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder caused by a loss of function of specific genes on chromosome 15.
This is an AE which is a rare condition that encompasses a combination of syndromes such as bronchiectasis, rhinosinusitis and reduced male fertility.
This is an AE which occurs when food, especially sugar, moves too quickly from the stomach to the duodenum—the first part of the small intestine—in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
This is an AE which refers to as calcium-alkali syndrome, is the third most common cause of hypercalcemia and is characterized by elevated blood calcium levels, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury.
This is an AE which is a form of inflammatory arthritis that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body (cross-reactivity).
This is an AE which is an eponymous paediatric medical disorder, characterised by gastrointestinal symptoms and associated neurological features.
This is an AE which is a rare headache disorder that belongs to the group of headaches called trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TACs).
This is an AE which is the term used for both central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis.
This is an AE which refers to a group of neurological disorders that relate to malformations of the spinal cord.
This is an AE which is a type of severe skin reaction.
This is an AE which is a disease characterized by a persistently elevated eosinophil count (≥ 1500 eosinophils/mm³) in the blood for at least six months without any recognizable cause, with involvement of either the heart, nervous system, or bone marrow.
This is an AE which is a syndrome resulting from bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe (including amygdaloid nucleus).
This is an AE which is seen exclusively in women; men with a mutation of the related gene (called XLIS or DCX) usually die in utero or have a much more severe brain anomaly.
This is an AE which is a genetic condition in which a female is partially or completely missing an X chromosome.
This is an AE which is a condition in which a change from lying to standing causes an abnormally large (or higher than normal) increase in heart beat rate.
postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome AE
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder that mainly affects the nervous system.
This is an AE which is a group of disorders with diverse etiologies involving different anatomical components of the neck, ultimately resulting in a debilitating, flexible, anterior curvature of the cervical spine.
This is an AE which is a category of conditions in which a person experiences their limbs acting seemingly on their own, without conscious control over the actions.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body.
This is an AE which is the combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff syndrome.
This is an AE which is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, commonly caused by severe bacterial infection.
This is an AE which is a fetus in a multigestation pregnancy that dies in utero and is then partially or completely reabsorbed.
This is an AE which is a group of symptoms that may occur with the use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs.
This is an AE which is a rare congenital growth disorder.
This is an AE which is a condition caused by bacterial toxins.
This is an AE which is a neurological condition consisting of constant, moderate to severe pain due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS) which causes a sensitization of the pain system.
This is an AE which is a medical condition which shares features of at least two more widely recognised disorders.
This is an AE which is the second most common peripheral nerve compression syndrome.
This is an AE which is a medical condition that causes severe burning and aching of the feet, hyperesthesia, and vasomotor changes of the feet that lead to excessive sweating.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder that affects primarily the liver and the heart.
This is an AE which means living with two or more chronic illnesses.
This is an AE which is an unrecognized and controversial diagnosis characterized by chronic symptoms attributed to exposure to low levels of commonly used chemicals.
This is an AE which is a condition that results in weak or soft bones in children.
This is an AE which is a viral disease of typically short duration.
This is an AE which is a genetic disorder that typically becomes apparent after 6–18 months of age in females.
This is an AE which is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity and postural instability.
This is an AE which is a condition where an organ does not perform its expected function.
This is an AE which is a spectrum of disorders due to environmental exposure to heat.
This is an AE which is a parasomnia that refers to talking aloud while asleep.
This is an AE which refers to systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still's disease.
This is an AE which is a form of Still's disease, a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease characterized by the classic triad of fevers, joint pain, and a distinctive salmon-colored bumpy rash.
This is an AE which is a condition in which organs fall down or slip out of place.
This is an AE which is a disorder in which a person exhibits diminished sweating in response to appropriate stimuli.
This is an AE which is a chronic dysregulation of a person's circadian rhythm (biological clock), compared to those of the general population and societal norms.
This is an AE which refers to any winglike triangular membrane occurring in the neck, eyes, knees, elbows, ankles or digits.
This is an AE which is the harmful effect that occurs when too much of that substance has been taken.
This is an AE which is a severe form of heat illness.
This is an AE which is defined as an absence of speech while conserving or maintaining the ability to hear the speech of others.
This is an AE which is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the body tissues during decompression.
This is an AE which is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide.
This is an AE which is an autoimmune rheumatic disease characterised by excessive production and accumulation of collagen, called fibrosis, in the skin and internal organs and by injuries to small arteries.
This is an AE which is a medically induced coma with loss of protective reflexes, resulting from the administration of one or more general anaesthetic agents.
This is an AE which is defined as a seizure that has a tonic phase followed by clonic muscle contractions and is non-motor.
This is an AE which is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries and is generalised .
This is an AE which is a mental and behavioral disorder, specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about events or activities.
This is an AE which is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family and is generalised desease.
This is an AE which is associated with poorer sleep quality, with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score above 6.
This is an AE which is described as pruritic erythematous, raised, circumscribed lesions with central pallor that blanch with pressure and is generalised desease.
This is an AE which is the loss of all skull and facial hair and its causes are unclear, but believed to be autoimmune.
This is an AE which can be spread over a large area it does not obstruct venous return.
This is an AE which is a benign growth on the pituitary gland in the brain, specifically a mucin-filled cyst in the posterior portion of the anterior pituitary gland.
This is an AE which is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
This is an AE which is a collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), without blood, located under the dural membrane of the brain.
This is an AE which is a common, sometimes chronic skin condition which presents as reddish bumps on the skin arranged in a circle or ring.
This is an AE which is a condition in the fetus characterized by an accumulation of fluid, or edema, in at least two fetal compartments.
This is an AE which is a condition in which the central nervous system of a person has multiple demyelinating lesions with atypical characteristics for those of standard multiple sclerosis (MS).
This is an AE which is a condition or lesion involving abnormal cells which are associated with an increased risk of developing into cancer.
This is an AE which is a cutaneous condition characterized by dependent edema from vasodilatory pooling.
This is an AE which is a cutaneous condition that develop in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic edema, particularly of the lower extremities, and in the setting of anasarca.
This is an AE which is a cyst in the eyelid usually due to a blocked meibomian gland,typically in the middle of the eyelid, red, and not painful.
This is an AE which is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material that can appear anywhere in the body in various disease states.
This is an AE which is a fluid-filled bump associated with a joint or tendon sheath.
This is an AE which is a group of abnormal cells.
This is an AE which is a localized bleeding outside of subcutaneous blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.
This is an AE which is a malignant and aggressive neoplasm with unclear molecular etiology.
This is an AE which is a malignant tumor in the mediastinum, the cavity that separates the lungs from the rest of the chest.
This is an AE which is a malignant tumor, a type of cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal (connective tissue) origin.
This is an AE which is a mass of cells (tumor) that lacks the ability to either invade neighboring tissue or metastasize (spread throughout the body).
This is an AE which is a pre-cancerous area of thick, scaly, or crusty skin.
This is an AE which is a primary cause of reduced vision following both cataract and successful vitreoretinal surgery.
This is an AE which is a rare clinical condition characterised by diffuse woody induration of skin commonly associated with diabetes mellitus,infections and monoclonal gammopathy.
This is an AE which is a rare condition. Desmoid tumors arise from cells called fibroblasts, which are found throughout the body and provide structural support, protection to the vital organs, and play a critical role in wound healing.
This is an AE which is a rare disorder defined as a pathological overgrowth of normal epidural fat.
This is an AE which is a rare skin disorder that primarily affects children under one year of age but can also be found in older children and adults.
This is an AE which is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffin cells, also known as pheochromocytes.
This is an AE which is a serious long-term complication in cancer survivors.
This is an AE which is a sharply demarcated yellowish deposit of cholesterol underneath the skin.
This is an AE which is a skin condition that most commonly presents with symmetrical round-to-oval red or violet plaques on the flanks, armpits, inner thighs, and lower abdomen.
interstitial granulomatous dermatitis AE
This is an AE which is a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) that is the consequence of cancer in the body, specifically due to the production of chemical signaling molecules (such as hormones or cytokines) by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor.
This is an AE which is a term used synonymously with severe hypothyroidism.
This is an AE which is a tumor in the mediastinum, the cavity that separates the lungs from the rest of the chest.
This is an AE which is a tumor in the mediastinum, the cavity that separates the lungs from the rest of the chest. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and aorta.
This is an AE which is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, teeth, or bone.
This is an AE which is a tumor that arises from the ependyma, a tissue of the central nervous system.
This is an AE which is a tumor that can develop on any skin or mucosal surface, but occurs on the tongue 40% of the time.
This is an AE which is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
This is an AE which is a type of cancer that can form masses in the skin, in lymph nodes, in the mouth, or in other organs.
This is an AE which is a type of cancer that may be a bone sarcoma or a soft-tissue sarcoma.
This is an AE which is a type of connective tissue cancer in which the cells are spindle-shaped when examined under a microscope.
This is an AE which is a type of highly malignant cancer that most commonly arises within the lung, although it can occasionally arise in other body sites, such as the cervix, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract.
This is an AE which is a type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes in situ.
This is an AE which is a type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes.
This is an AE which is a type of skin infection which typically occurs as a cyst between the cheeks of the buttocks and often at the upper end.
This is an AE which is a usually benign (non-malignant) cyst in the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain.
This is an AE which is a vascular tumor that occurs on both mucosa and skin, and appears as an overgrowth of tissue due to irritation, physical trauma, or hormonal factors.
This is an AE which is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane.
This is an AE which is an ambiguous mass found in the neck area.
This is an AE which is an extremely rare long-term systemic disorder that involves the formation of granulomas and inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis).
This is an AE which is an uncommon but distinctive acquired ichthyosiform dermatosis characterized by persistent dark, scaly, papules and plaques that tend to be localized predominantly on the central trunk.
confluent and reticulate papillomatosis AE
This is an AE which is edema (accumulation of fluid causing swelling) in tissues perfused by the peripheral vascular system, usually in the lower limbs.
This is an AE which is palpated and computed tomography examination revealed entire bone proliferation.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the face tissue.
This is an AE which is the most aggressive form of melanoma.
This is an AE which is the most aggressive type of cancer that begins within the brain.
This is an AE which is the term used for a group of rare syndromes involving structures arising from the embryonic ectoderm.
This is an AE which is tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system.
This is an AE which is when a person's cancer returns after treatment.
This is an AE which may amplify bronchial responsiveness by increasing epithelial permeability, by altering airway mechanics, or by stimulating neural pathways.
This is an AE which occurs when gas or air accumulates and seeps under the skin, where normally no gas should be present.
This is an AE which presents as skin-colored to erythematous papules symmetrically distributed on extensor extremities.
帕利萨脱型中性粒细胞性肉芽肿性皮炎
palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis AE
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of a body part or area not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which refers a transient abnormal enlargement of face not caused by a tumor.
This is an AE which is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation with ulcerative of the gums.
This is an AE which is extensive, yet the rare nature of this disease means that there is a lack of good quality research available.
necrotising ulcerative gingivostomatitis AE
This is an AE which is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane with haemorrhage that impedes normal function of the affected organ.
This is an AE which ulceration of the anastomosis occurs in 1 16% of patients.
This is an AE which is a single or multiple mucosal defect which can become complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding or physiologic stress.
This is an AE which is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting amino acid transport.
This is an AE which is a component of MHC class I molecules, MHC class I molecules have α1, α2, and α3 proteins which are present on all nucleated cells (excludes red blood cells).
This is an AE which characterized by rapid and almost complete destruction of pancreatic β-cells, is a newly identified subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
This is an AE which is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.
This is an AE which is abnormal, characterization of the chromatogram is facilitated by calculation of uroporphyrin-to-heptacarboxylate porphyrin (uro/hepta) and uroporphyrin-to-isocoproporphyrin (uro/iso) ratios.
This is an AE which is an inability to completely empty the bladder.
This is an AE which is a possible adverse effect of selective sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors 2 (isGLT2) in patients with diabetes.
This is an AE which is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine and it appears on urine.
This is an AE which is a highly polar chiral carboxylic acid on the urine that is usually not detected during routine organic acid analysis.
This is an AE which is a generic term applied to skin rashes in the diaper area that are caused by various skin disorders and/or irritants.
This is an AE which is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals and is crystal.
This is an AE which is characterized by excessive unsuppressible release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) either from the posterior pituitary gland, or an abnormal non-pituitary source.
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion AE
This is an AE which is diabetes specifically caused by cystic fibrosis, a genetic condition.
This is an AE which is a condition characterized by large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst.
This is an AE which is the low output of urine specifically more than 80 ml/day but less than 100ml/day.
This is an AE which refers the involuntary excretion of urine.
This is an AE which is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body and the process is urgency.
This is an AE which is infrequent (or, in occasional usage, very light) menstruation.
This is an AE which was found in a variety of kidney diseases besides AIN.
This is an AE which is urine which contains white blood cells while appearing sterile by standard culturing techniques.
This is an AE which analysis by HPLC gave a positive predictive value of 81% for Cushing's syndrome.
This is an AE which is bacteriuria without accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection.
This is an AE which is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) and it appears on the urine .
This is an AE which is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine.
This is an AE which is defined as the presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine.
This is an AE which is a form of urinary incontinence.
This is an AE which is associated urinary tract infections (UTIs).
This is an AE which consists 10% of the total renal biopsy of glomerulonephritis.
mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis AE
This is an AE which occurs with unilateral renal agenesis (URA) in 1/2000 live births - or after uninephrectomy for tumor, trauma, uncontrolled infections or hypertension and post-kidney donation.
This is an AE which is a major complication of kidney transplantation. Many centers respond to PVAN by reducing immunosuppression.
This is an AE which is kidney damage (nephropathy) due to urine flowing backward (reflux) from the bladder toward the kidneys; the latter is called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
This is an AE which is a secondary condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol; but may also include impaired production of aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), which regulates sodium conservation, potassium secretion, and water retention.
secondary adrenocortical insufficiency AE
This is an AE which is a disorder of the small blood vessels of the kidney.
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis AE
This is an AE which is a group of clinically similar illnesses caused by the Puumala virus.
This is an AE which is the build-up of fluid in the kidney tissue.
This is an AE which is hallmarks of the uremic phenotype and contribute to impaired health status, reduced quality of life, and premature mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
double heterozygous sickling disorders AE
reticuloendothelial system stimulated AE
post inflammatory pigmentation change AE
planned process
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
processed material
Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
a hospitalized person; a person with controlled diabetes; the patient's role http://www.fertilityjourney.com/testingAndDiagnosis/theRightDoctor/thePatientsRole/index.asp?C=55245395146924652778
a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider
GROUP:Role Branch
OBI, CDISC
CDISC definition: patient. Person under a physician's care for a particular disease or condition. NOTE: A subject in a clinical trial is not necessarily a patient, but a patient in a clinical trial is a subject. See also subject, trial subject, healthy volunteer. Often used interchangeably
patient role
A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer.
A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
material transformation
OBI branch derived
material processing
Injecting a drug into a mouse. Adding IL-2 to a cell culture. Adding NaCl into water.
is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'.
Class was renamed from 'administering substance', as this is commonly used only for additions into organisms.
adding a material entity into a target
drug added to a buffer contained in a tube; substance injected into an animal;
material to be added role is a protocol participant role realized by a material which is added into a material bearing the target of material addition role in a material addition process
9 March 09 from discussion with PA branch
material to be added role
peritoneum of an animal receiving an interperitoneal injection; solution in a tube receiving additional material; location of absorbed material following a dermal application.
target of material addition role is a role realized by an entity into which a material is added in a material addition process
From Branch discussion with BP, AR, MC -- there is a need for the recipient to interact with the administered material. for example, a tooth receiving a filling was not considered to be a target role.
target of material addition role
Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS.
is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.
created at workshop as parent class for 'adding material into target', which is asymmetric, while combination encompasses all addition processes.
animal
fungus
plant
virus
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
Prediction of TF target sites based on atomistic models of protein-DNA complexes. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008 Oct 16;9(1):436. PMID: 18922190
a process by which an event or an entity is described before it actually happens or is being discovered and identified.
prediction
administering substance in vivo
Balb/c mice received an intracameral or subconjunctival injection of trinitrophenylated spleen cells
injecting mice with 10 ug morphine intranasally, a patient taking two pills of 1 mg aspirin orally
A process by which a substance is intentionally given to an organism resulting in exposure of the organism to that substance.
2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893050&group_id=177891&atid=886178
Different routes and means of administration should go as children underneath this
Update the definition based on the discussion. Details see the tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/738/
needs roles such as perturber and perturbee (children of input role). Perturb is too strong. Host might be the name for one role. Others considered: Doner, Donated, Acceptor.
Bjoern Peters
IEDB
A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof.
A quality of a patient that is observed by the patient or a processual entity experienced by the patient, either of which is hypothesized by the patient to be a realization of a disease.
A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease.
disorder
A bodily process that is clinically abnormal.
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation.
A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course.
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
See comments of relational quality of a physical entity.
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles.
A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point.
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.
The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity.
Organ that is the specialized structure of the face that contains olfactory neurons. The peripheral olfactory organ is paired[ZFA:0000047].
a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity)[Wikipedia:Nose].
the organ that is specialized for smell and is part of the respiratory system
the structure of the nose varies across vertebrates. In tetrapods the nose is part of the respiratory system.[PMID:25312359]
the clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas
Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO]
Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG]
A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986)
A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO]
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO)
(...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG]
lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus
nucleus amygdalae basalis, pars lateralis
nucleus amygdaloideus basalis, pars lateralis magnocellularis
pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum
Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis.
Note the distinction between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee
(...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG]
we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive
A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures.
Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms.
The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.
create a separate class for distributed pancreas, eg cyclostomes?
The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG]
The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO]
In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG]
endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys
The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO].
The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO]
The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG]
An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid.
A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO]
The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG]
FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this
camera-type eye plus associated structures
An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system.
Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported.
not every anatomical conduit is a tube - for example, a bone foramen is an opening in the bone, and there is no distinct separate tube structure. Tubes may transport large mixed objects (for example, a bolus of food in the digestive tube) or they may transport the secretions of a single gland (for example, gland ducts)
Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO].
An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018].
Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736].
this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers
The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO].
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO]
Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO]
Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG]
multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer.
A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO]
a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP]
in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA.
Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO].
Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO]
Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG]
in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis
A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies.
TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.
A ganglion is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It may include glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by connectives or transversally by commissures
Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO]
Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_100302].
Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity.
Thickened areas of the saccule or utricle where the termination of the vestibular nerve occurs[MESH,modified].
this refers to the inner ear structure, not the macula of the retina. We follow ZFA in including a grouping class for the macula of utricle and sacule
Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph.
Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs.
Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO]
The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG]
in humans, consists of adventitial, muscular and mucoa layers
the fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening
In human males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening.
A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances.
A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171].
Most ducts, but not all, are exocrine gland ducts. Some ontologies classify structures such as the oviduct here.
A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong].
Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG]
Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers.
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].
Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4
A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity.
FMA distinguishes segment from zone by whether the fiat boundaries are fixed/anchored (segments) or floating (zone). It's not completely clear how to apply this distinction
Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball.
Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal.
A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ.
currently defined in a very broad sense, may be replaced by more specific classes in the future
Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts
The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage.
A stage that is part of the embryo stage.
A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo.
MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole
proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract
Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS.
A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO].
ZFA - The multi-tissue structure where the glomerular basement membrane supported by mesonephric podocytes filters blood from the glomerular capillaries. GUDMAP: 'Together, the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle.' - here the glomerulus is part of the capsule?
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism.
The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm.
merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube)
(or external ectoderm) forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis
An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm.
Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple
mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
The organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa.
By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo.
A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the middle region of the nephric ridge; a transient embryonic stage that replaces the pronephros, but is itself replaced by the adult metanephros [in mammals; in fishes and amphibians it is the adult kidney]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG]
Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles.[AAO]
As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates. (...) In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG]
In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In fish and amphibians, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney
By contrast to the pronephros, the histological features of the mammalian mesonephros, with its primitive glomeruli, suggest that it probably functions as a primitive kidney, and is involved in the production of much of the amniotic fluid. Within the two mesonephroi, one located on either side of the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut, a substantial number (in the region of about 40 or more) of cranio-caudally segmented mesonephric tubules are formed. It has, however, been suggested that only the most rostrally located 4-6 pairs of mesonephric tubules drain into the mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. This is now seen to extend along the length of the mesonephroi, being located towards their lateral sides. The mesonephros is also retained over a considerably longer period than the pronephros, but gradually undergoes regression in a cranio-caudal direction. While the rostral part displays clear evidence of regression its more caudal part appears to display evidence of functional activity. Within the medial part of the mesonephros, vesicles are formed, although no glomeruli are formed there in this species. It is, however, difficult to believe that the relatively enormous mesonephroi do not have an excretory role in the mouse, only serving as a base for gonadal differentiation. In the human embryo, the medial part of the mesonephric tubules enlarges, become invaginated by capillaries, and form glomeruli. These then take on an excretory role. In the mouse, the mesonephric ducts appear to be patent throughout their length[GUDMAP, modified]
In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO]
A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the posterior region of the nephric ridge and drained by a ureter; replaces the embryonic pronephros and mesonephros [in mammals]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG]
The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes.[well established][VHOG]
During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter. As the cranial end of the bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it undergoes a series of branchings to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It also forms the major and minor calyces and the renal pelvis
A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP].
Any of the renal tubules composing the mesonephros. In mammals they function as excretory structures during the early embryonic development but are later incorporated into the reproductive system. [TFD][VHOG]
As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP]
Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. [Embryology, See_Dudek_RW_and_Fix_JD, Third_Edition_(2004)_Philadelphia:_Lippincott_William_and_Wilkins, p.137][VHOG]
Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts[VHOG:0000541].
A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum.
A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes.
Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG]
A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues
A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG]
A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG]
This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred.The ICM lies within the blastocyst cavity and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast. [Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass]
embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior
the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta
the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta[MP]
The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta
Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg. [Wikipedia:Trophoblast]
A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc.
stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure
In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997)
Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA]
An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism.
A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism.
this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here
the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages
we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage
A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction.
As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG]
The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula.
An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage
A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism.
The stage of being a sexually immature adult animal[XAO:1000010].
In mammals this would include infant (nourishment from lactation) and juvenile (prepubertal no longer dependent on mother)
the connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin; it functions in the mechanical behavior of the lung, and forms a barrier to regulate the flow of plasma constituents from the capillaries to the airway and alveolar spaces
A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea.
in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class)
Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO].
A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses.
A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO)
Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021].
Proposed CUMBO def from MM: A subcortical part of the nervous system consisting of a relatively compact group of cells that is distinguishable histologically that share a commonality of cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecturel and connectivity. (comments: I put in 'subcortical' because I don't think we consider either the cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex to be nuclei. Some people distinguish between a nucleus and a laminar structure (see Wikipedia definition). However, there are structures identified as nuclei that are laminar, e.g., lateral geniculate nucleus, although they are not laminated in all species. Also, I put in 'relatively compact' and 'distiguishable by histology' because we have groups of cells, e.g., cholinergic cell groups, doparminergic cell groups that are related on the 3 criteria but which we don't tend to consider nuclei because they don't occupy an easily defined territory. But all is open to debate.
Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves
A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures.
Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine.
Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO]
The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type.
Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified].
in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit
Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures
adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca
A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG]
Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO]
A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs
hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm.
endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP].
this class represents the embryonic form of the cloaca, as found in both mammals and non-mammals.
the ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females
The ventral part of the cloaca after its separation from the rectum, giving rise to the lower part of the bladder in both sexes, to the prostatic portion of the male urethra, and to the urethra and vestibule in the female. [TFD][VHOG]
In mammals the lowly monotremes still have a cloaca. Higher types have done away with this structure and have a separate anal outlet for the rectum. The monotreme cloaca shows the initiation of this subdivision. The cloaca has such includes only the distal part, roughly comparable to the proctodeum. The more proximal part is divided into (1) a large dorsal passage into which the intestine opens, the coprodeum, and (2) a ventral portion, the urodeum with which the bladder connects. (...) the development of the placental mammals recapitulates in many respects the phylogenetic story. In the sexually indifferent stage of placental mammal there is a cloaca. While the indifferent stage still persists, a septum develops, and extends out to the closing membrane. This divides the cloaca into two chambers: a coprodeum continuous with the gut above, and a urodeum or urogenital sinus below.[well established][VHOG]
the term 'urogenital sinus' may refer to the primitive urogenital sinus present as a transient developmental structure in most mammals or it may refer to a condition in which an unseptated cloaca persists in animals longer than normal
The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks).
Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO]
Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG]
some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives
in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips
The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body.
(...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG]
Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present)
Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO]
The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG]
Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG]
A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis.
The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung.
Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity
A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.
This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid.
A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO]
relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO]
Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG]
Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs.
the thin innermost layer of the extraembryonic membranes that contains the amniotic fluid; the membrane forms a closed sac in which the embryo and later, the fetus, is suspended and protected
A thin but tough extraembryonic membrane of reptiles, birds and mammals that lines the chorion and contains the fEtus and the amniotic fluid around it. [Biology_Online][VHOG]
Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG]
Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula
The upper ventral region of an animal's torso.
The breasts of a female primate's body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's.
A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition].
The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin.
The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity).
We model the digestive tract as consisting of two parts: the wall and the lumen.
In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted].
The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals.
A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]
FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately
functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues.
Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin
the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated
The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO].
Gilbert fig11.32 has blastocyst has giving rise to ICM and trophoblast (which in this source is a synonym for trophectoderm)
The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified].
consider whether this should be restricted to skeletal musculature. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77
Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO]
we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA
A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells.
glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052].
A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells.
In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong]
A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands.
BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions
An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition].
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function.
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage
Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell.
TODO - move metadata to GO and obsolete this class once homes have been found for existing children. Note the inconsistency between the usage of the label 'cell component' in GO and CARO
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future
The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal.
Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument.
Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
Will be obsoleted in CARO v2 [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/3]
A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis.
see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2.
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
changed label and definition to reflect CARO2
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO].
The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG]
Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]
Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO]
Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO]
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]
consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO]
Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water.
Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid.
Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen.
note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest
The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column.
Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class
Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo
A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG]
Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest]
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO]
Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut.
The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm.
Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO]
sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates
Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity.
consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence
Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO]
the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx
This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity.
Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract.
removed WBbt:0006795 'proctodeum' - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male.
An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO]
Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO]
An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium.
Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO]
It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG]
We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa
A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid
One of the four structures within the heart that prevent backflow of blood by opening and closing with each heartbeat. The valves include two semilunar valves, the aortic and pulmonary; the mitral or bicuspid valve; and the tricuspid valve. The valves permit blood flow in only one direction. [TFD][VHOG]
Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[well established][VHOG]
Rector et al: One might be tempted to define 'heart valve' equivalently to 'valve in the heart', and 'valve' as a 'structure which functions as a valve'. But this combination results in the 'foramen ovale' being classified as a kind of 'heart valve', since it is undoubtedly located in the heart and functions as a valve
The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation
This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae.
The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO]
When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG]
All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills. Amphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches
A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ.
Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO]
Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO]
relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO]
As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG]
Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1485706
Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity.
Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO]
Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG]
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion
Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO]
Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO]
The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO)
(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
Middle part of an organ, surrounded by the cortex.
this class is used in a very general sense
The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted].
Innervates: sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle[WP]
the transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure
Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals. In fish, and aquatic vertebrates in general, the cornea plays no role in focusing light, since it has virtually the same refractive index as water
Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses.
The lens is avascular and nourished by diffusion from the aqueous and vitreous
The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods
This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each)
Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva,
An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column.
true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck.
The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion).
The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the pleural cavity. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.264][VHOG]
In MA, is_a cavity lining (which we equate to parietal). In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term 'pleura' is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86
The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod.
Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG]
The term leg can mean: [1] an appendage on which an animal walks [2] the entire hindlimb of a tetrapod [3] the segment of a human leg between knee and ankle (cf FMA) [4] the region of a hindlimb include the stylopod and zeugopod, but excluding the autopod. We define this class as [4], and thus 'leg' is compltely analagous to 'arm'. For [1], see the class 'locomotive weight-bearing appendage'. For [2] we use 'hindlimb'. For
we use the less open to misinterpretation 'hindlimb zeugopod'. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping foot, as AOs disagree over whether some ankle parts are in the leg or foot
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO].
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO]
Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO]
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
consider splitting genitalia from reproductive system
Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO]
Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG]
Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).
Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO]
The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO]
Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG]
the gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells
Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO]
(...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG]
Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo
female organism reproductive system gonad
female organism reproductive system gonada
gonad of female organism reproductive system
gonad of reproductive system of female organism
gonada of female organism reproductive system
gonada of reproductive system of female organism
reproductive system of female organism gonad
reproductive system of female organism gonada
A tube or collection of tubes in an animal from the ovaries to the outside of the body.
sometimes oviduct is used interchangeably with follaopian tube. Here they are different - the oviduct connects the gonad to the outside in a variety of animals. The mammal-class fallopian tube is derived from the mullerian duct and connects the gonads/infubdibulum to the uterus
A passage through which ova leave the maternal body or pass to an organ communicating with the exterior of the body. [TFD][VHOG]
In all remaining vertebrates (i.e., coelacanths, lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals), the oviduct arises in ontogeny as a longitudinal, groovelike invagination of the coelomic epithelium on the lateral surface of the mesonephros.[well established][VHOG]
The only female vertebrates to lack oviducts are the jawless fishes. In these species, the single fused ovary releases eggs directly into the body cavity. The fish eventually extrudes the eggs through small genital pores towards the rear of the body[WP]
in birds divided into infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina
tubular parts of female reproductive system
the female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth
The hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the blastocyst normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished. Its cavity opens into the vagina below and into a uterine tube on either side. [TFD][VHOG]
An infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina also differentiate along the oviducts of eutherian mammals.[well established][VHOG]
Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle 'vagina' which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline 'placenta' (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a 'true' placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream.
Two uteruses usually form initially in a female fetus, and in placental mammals they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteruses, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, along with horses, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals the uteruses may not have completely fused [Wikipedia:Uterus]
A fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP].
Organ with organ cavity which connects the cervical canal of uterus to the vestibule of vagina.[FMA]
The genital canal in the female, leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus. [TFD][VHOG]
The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.[well established][VHOG]
'The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.' Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.688
The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis.
A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]
The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO]
relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO]
(...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG]
Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes).
Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration.
The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO]
There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG]
An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms.
This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.
An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO]
many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class
The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products..
In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here
An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO]
Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG]
In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels
This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans
organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP].
the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system
Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO]
We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG]
Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue
Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO]
Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO]
relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO]
Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG]
In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen.
in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue
A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism.
In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here.
The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].
A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO]
Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG]
The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord.
Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO]
The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO).
(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG]
A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]; A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve (American Heritage Dictionary 4th ed).
note FBbt class not disjoint from tract. Consider merging with 'neuron projection bundle'
An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures.
A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO]
Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information.
An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG]
note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs
The sensory system for the sense of taste.
The sensory system for the sense of taste[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_090803].
The sensory system used for the sense of taste.[AAO]
in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes
Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract.
Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. In vertebrates the term may refer to a developmental structure
The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder.
The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED].
A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867].
Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO]
Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576].
The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO]
relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO]
(...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG]
MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme
Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx
Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993).
Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO]
The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG]
esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995)
saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]
currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals.
A gland that produces the saliva. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-25, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
In air-feeding animals, the lack of water column to lubricate the food has been compensated for by the evolution of the salivary glands. These glands are present only in amniotes and are controlled by the parasympathetic system.[well established][VHOG]
The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research. The salivary glands of some species are modified to produce enzymes; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of poisonous snakes, Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands
Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO].
Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class
In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon
in FMA this represents an embryonic region.
The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract.
Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest). We may explicitly make this a developmental class
the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo
in FMA this class has no children. In MA it has a single child hindgut epithelium
Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)].
In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted].
Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO]
The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG]
(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]
The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium
the terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus
The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla.
in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue
These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG]
Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct.
A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart.
Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA].
Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG]
A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region
Excretion that is the output of a kidney
kidney excreta from some taxa (e.g. in aves) may not be liquid
Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae.
Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO]
A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control
The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO].
The mammals are characterized by a diaphragm, which separates the thoracic portion of the body cavity from the abdominal region and assists in drawing air into the lungs and forcing it out. Modern reptiles lack a muscular diaphragm and it is reasonable to suppose that the diaphragm developed as a new device that made possible a large degree of oxygen intake for active animals. The change may have taken place during the transition from reptile to mammal (...).[well established][VHOG]
The existence of some membrane separating the pharynx from the stomach can be traced widely among the chordates. Thus amphioxus possesses an atrium by which water exits the pharynx, which has been argued (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes.[3]
The urochordate epicardium separates digestive organs from the pharynx and heart, but the anus returns to the upper compartment to discharge wastes through an outgoing siphon (Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution)
barrier between thoracic and abdominal cavities; stop gastric contents from refluxing into the oesophagus
originate from the cervical somites, likely C3-C5[PMID:23586979]
Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe.
some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts
The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted].
This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO]
The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted].
Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO]
The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism.
Any one of several small structures, usually four, attached to the dorsal surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. [TFD][VHOG]
Either of the two pairs of small, spherical, encapsulated glands which develop from ventral growths of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and are closely associated with the external jugular veins. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are secreted by these glands.[AAO]
The evolution of the tetrapods, and the shift from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, was believed to have required new controls for regulating calcium homeostasis, and thus the evolution of parathyroid glands (...) both the tetrapod parathyroid and the gills of fish contribute to the regulation of extracellular calcium levels. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that the parathyroid gland evolved as a result of the transformation of the gills into the parathyroid glands of tetrapods and the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. This interpretation would also explain the positioning of the parathyroid gland within the pharynx in the tetrapod body. Were the parathyroid gland to have emerged de novo with the evolution of the tetrapods it could, as an endocrine organ, have been placed anywhere in the body and still exert its effect.[well established][VHOG]
Parathyroid glands are found in all adult tetrapods, although they vary in their number, and in their exact position. Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six. Fish do not possess parathyroid glands, although the ultimobranchial glands, which are found close to the oesophagus, may have a similar function and could even be homologous with the tetrapod parathyroids. Even these glands are absent in the most primitive vertebrates, the jawless fish, but as these species have no bone in their skeletons, only cartilage, it may be that they have less need to regulate calcium metabolism. The conserved homology of genes and calcium-sensing receptors in fish gills with those in the parathryroid glands of birds and mammals is recognized by evolutionary developmental biology as evolution-using genes and gene networks in novel ways to generate new structures with some similar functions and novel functions[WP]
In humans and chick it emerges from pouches 3 and 4, but in mice it is exclusively generated by the third pouch
table 13.1 of Kardong is used to create the taxon-specific developmental relationships here, although some omissions are made for simplicity.
Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified].
check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit
Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers.
TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle.
Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO]
Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA]
This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG]
Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO].
A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO]
Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO]
(...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG]
GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells.
textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus
Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri).
A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column..
In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body
the tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct
Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO]
The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction.
A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates.
Kardong: in some herbivorous lizards, a cecum is present between small and large intestines
A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP].
Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cecum and distally terminates in the tip of the appendix. Examples: There is only one appendix[FMA:14542].
A comparative anatomical approach reveals three apparent morphotypes of the cecal appendix, as well as appendix-like structures in some species that lack a true cecal appendix. Cladistic analyses indicate that the appendix has evolved independently at least twice (at least once in diprotodont marsupials and at least once in Euarchontoglires), shows a highly significant (P < 0.0001) phylogenetic signal in its distribution, and has been maintained in mammalian evolution for 80 million years or longer.[well established][VHOG]
Last portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum.
TODO - abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates
The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO]
The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO]
Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG]
In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]
In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates[ZFIN]
it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP]
Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified]
The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified].
The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon.
The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity.
The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO].
we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type
the area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells
the stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum
We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands
The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
the layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between
An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].
The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel.
The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids.
A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder.
Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO]
The path in many species is as follows: Bile canaliculi -> Canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) -> interlobular bile ducts -> intrahepatic bile ducts -> left and right hepatic ducts merge to form -> common hepatic duct *exits liver* and joins -> cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming -> common bile duct -> joins with pancreatic duct -> forming ampulla of Vater -> enters duodenum [WP]
the part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct
Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO]
The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG]
Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP].
TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part
The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.
The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG]
The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.
The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG]
The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space.
Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum
The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which are normally in contact. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sac. The greater sac is the peritoneal cavity, and the lesser sac is the omental bursa. [TFD][VHOG]
In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]
One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates.
renal arteries vary widely even in humans. Sub-structures should be checked for taxon variability.
Artery which supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.[AAO]
The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia]
Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO]
The mucosal layer that lines the stomach.
The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa].
A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP].
(...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG]
A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].
A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP].
In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter
Outer cortical portion of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla.
In the adult metanephros, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections that extend down between the pyramids. It contains the renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of the loop of Henle which descend into the renal medulla. It also contains blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts. The renal cortex is the part of the kidney where ultrafiltration occurs.[WP]
the structure containing the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus that serves as the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron
A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney[BTO]
A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration.[XAO]
The part of the nephron that filters blood.[TAO]
Together, the Bowmans capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron
A cup-like sac at the expanded beginning of a tubular component of a nephron that contains the glomerulus
Anatomical structure found in the kidney consisting of an expanded end of a kidney tubule surrounding a glomerulus and is the major site of filtration.[AAO]
Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule and further processed along the nephron to form urine. This process is known as ultrafiltration[WP].
One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman's capsule[GUDMAP]
The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient
Renal duct that collects the output from renal tubules.[TAO]
in ISBN10:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong), the nephron is adjacent to the collecting tubule, consistent with FMA, but not GO. Wikipedia says: Many sources include the connecting tubule as part of the collecting duct system. However, the embryological origin is more similar to the nephron than it is to the rest of the collecting duct (which derives from the ureteric bud), and other sources therefore classify the connecting tubule with the nephron
the thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces and secretes steroid hormones such as corticosterone, estrone and aldosterone
All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues (medulla), but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]
Kardong states that mammals are the first to have distinct cortext and medulla, but this contradicts XAO
the inner portion of the adrenal gland that consists mainly of chromaffin cells which produce, store and secrete neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine
The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479)
Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts.
opening of terminal part of digestive tract
The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad.
distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP].
A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO]
In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG]
The urinary bladder evolved in tetrapods. Birds to not possess a true urinary bladder, although Palaeognathae have an undifferentiated cloacal outpocketing that serves a similar function[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/454]
An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition].
we place two MA classes here due to the official ncit2ma mapping to intestinal wall tissue; not clear how bowel and intestine are different
The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct.
An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO].
Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO]
As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52)
The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm
The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans
The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions.
this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list. Note that even though the class includes soft tissue it is more restrictive than 'pelvis' which also includes structures in cavities etc. TODO this needs to be better documented
Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO]
in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular
A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel
The misnomer 'portal triad' traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver.
The functional units of the liver including the lobules.
the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG]
the tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule
Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct)
The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]
kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships.
Functional unit of the kidney that filters waste.[TAO]
In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992)
the glandular mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the estrous/menstrual cycle and during pregnancy
The mucous membrane lining the uterus. [TFD][VHOG]
The maternal part of the placenta (of eutherian mammals) is the vascularized and glandular uterine lining, or endometrium.[well established][VHOG]
Animals that have estrous cycles reabsorb the endometrium if conception does not occur during that cycle. Animals that have menstrual cycles shed the endometrium through menstruation instead
in FMA this is subdivided into basal and outer
A large nerve that supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb.
mouse sciatic nerve origins predominantly from the third lumbar (L3) and L4 spinal nerves, unlike the L4 and L5 in rats - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/
The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present
A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord.
Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain.[TAO]
In vertebrates, at early stages of Central Nervous System (CNS) development, the architecture of the brain primordium reveals the presence of the cavity of brain vesicles, which is filled by Embryonic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (E-CSF). (...) Rat and chick E-CSF proteomes are similar, although rat is more complex in certain groups of proteins, e.g., apolipoproteins, which may be involved in the control of neural diversity, and has soluble enzymes present, just like adult human CSF, but unlike chick E-CSF, revealing phylogenetic brain differences between these groups of vertebrates.[uncertain][VHOG]
the FMA def states that this is subarachnoid spaces only. ZFA def states subarachnoid spaces and brain ventricles, but not SC (and has part_of to brain). Circulation: It circulates from the lateral ventricles to the foramen of Monro (Interventricular foramen), third ventricle, aqueduct of Sylvius (Cerebral aqueduct), fourth ventricle, foramen of Magendie (Median aperture) and foramina of Luschka (Lateral apertures), subarachnoid space over brain and spinal cord. It should be noted that the CSF moves in a pulsatile manner throughout the CSF system with nearly zero net flow. CSF is reabsorbed into venous sinus blood via arachnoid granulations.
The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls.
Peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall.[AAO]
A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].
Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO]
Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO]
System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO]
By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG]
GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates
Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region.
Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages.[AAO]
Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA].
FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions
Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a pes, which is the distal section of the posterior hindlimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the ankle, sole, and toes)[Phenoscape].
here 'pes' includes both the ankle region, metatarsals and acropodial region
A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc).
Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face.
The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO].
The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence)
A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition].
The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified].
The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG]
See notes for shoulder. in BTO this is part of the abdomen - this creates an inconsistency if limb and abdomen are spatially disjoint
A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO].
A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO]
A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.[AAO]
Tetrapods have evolved distinct lymphatic systems, in which lymphatic capillaries help drain most of the tissues of the body.[well established][VHOG]
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO]
Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO]
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO]
The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG]
An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted].
A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition].
The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted].
results from fusion of left and right dorsal aortae
Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted].
Many of the branches of the abdominal aorta in mammals may be branches of the dorsal aorta in other vertebrates
A tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO]
FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver.
we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509
we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this
Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra.
The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea.
Some specify that the glottis (vocal cords) is the defining line between the upper and lower respiratory tracts;[2] yet even others make the line at the cricoid cartilage. The FMA includes nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx[WP]
The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]
A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose.
Surface structure that includes the scales, skin, and muscles that are located ventral and posterior to the eye.[TAO]
In many animals the inside of the cheek is lined with mucous membrane covered with stratified squamous epithelium and supplied with secretions from buccal glands.
The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted].
Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO].
Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO]
It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG]
An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition].
Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme.
Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO]
The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG]
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel
Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO]
Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
The organ of hearing and of equilibrium. [TFD][VHOG]
Both vertebrate and invertebrate auditory organs are thought to have evolved from primitive mechanosensors, but the nature of the ancestral structure and the evolutionary trajectories followed in distinct animal lineages remain unknown. In particular, we do not know how many types of mechanosensor existed in the protostome-deuterostome ancestor from which insects and vertebrates evolved or whether the PDA had an auditory organ.[well established][VHOG]
Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof.
Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.[TAO]
It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton
The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP].
It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ...
A horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP].
Use this class for both the nails of primates and the homologous claws of mammals such as mouse.
A primate's nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared
The nails of humans and the claws are moth are highly similar. Both species have a proximal nail fold, cuticle, nail matrix, nail bed, nail plate, and hyponychium. Distinguishing features are the shape of the nail and the presence of an extended hyponychium in the mouse [PMC3579226]
Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons.
TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton).
Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO]
There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983).
in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates
Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm].
Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO]
Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG]
See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head
A fold of skin that covers and protects part of the eyeball. Examples: upper eyelid, lower eyelid, nictitating membrane
In humans the upper and lower eyelid consists of the following layers, starting anteriorly: (1) skin, (2) a layer of subcutaneous connective tissue, (3) a layer of striated muscle fibres of the orbicularis muscle, (4) a layer of submuscular connective tissue, (5) a fibrous layer, including the tarsal plates, (6) a layer of smooth muscle, (7) the palpebral conjunctiva.
FMA divides this into skin, fascia, conjunctiva
the groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves
Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO]
cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system
A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.
in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence.
A mobile mass of muscular tissue that is covered with mucous membrane, occupies much of the cavity of the mouth, forms part of its floor, bears the organ of taste, and assists in chewing and swallowing. [TFD][VHOG]
Muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.[FEED]
The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech[GO][GO:0043586].
Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG]
Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods
The tongue has contributions from all pharyngeal arches which changes with time. The tongue initially begins as swelling rostral to foramen cecum, the median tongue bud.. tongue muscles derive from the somites - http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Tongue_Development#Pharyngeal_Arch_Contributions
the circular lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, pharyngeal, and facial tonsils
A continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.
An anatomical cluster consisting of the epiglottus, the arytenoid cartilages, the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage and the muscles, membranes, and ligaments connecting them, and also of the mucosal covering these structures.[FEED]
Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.[AAO]
(In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG]
Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP].
Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart).
Nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers which branch and innervate the smooth muscles and glands of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and stomach as well as some throat muscles. Sensory fibers supply mucosa of the mouth and pharynx.[AAO]
We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited].
TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus
the adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye
The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development [doi:dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019]
the smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea
Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO]
In Humans: It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei
In zebrafish: nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals
Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP].
The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera].
The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG]
in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal
continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe.
Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson].
Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential and identify this as connective tissue[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709].
Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis.
A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region.
Note that this class excludes smooth muscle elements in the trunk region, such as the internal anal sphincter. This appears to be consistent with other ontologies such as FMA and ZFA which appear to only include skeletal muscles here. In fact the MA class 'trunk muscle' is classified as a 'set of skeletal muscles'.
Many ontologies do not appear to have a coherent distinction between an individual muscle and the musculature (i.e. the set of muscles in a region), so we group all together here.
the thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes
vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP].
check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA
MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct
the any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified]
Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG]
Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP].
MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers
Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord.
classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN.
Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO]
We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG]
See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6
any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive)
any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive)
Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA].
in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue
an intermingling of fiber fascicles from adjacent spinal nerves to form a network.
To reach the muscles, dermatomes, and other structures of the limbs, some of the neurons in the spinal nerves come together in the plexus at the base of the limb. Such plexuses occur in all gnathostomes, and they reach their highest complexity among mammals and birds in which the cervical plexus supplies many ventral neck muscles, the brachial plexus supplies the pectoral appendage, a lumbosacral plexus supplies the pelvic appendage, and a coccygeal plexus supplies some of the pelvic muscles.[well established][VHOG]
An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine that travels to the pelvic appendage where it innervates skin and muscle.
One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands in human and mouse
The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. [WP,unvetted].
A mammalian salivary gland located caudal to the ear. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-22, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
The most common oral glands in mammals are the salivary glands. There are usually three primary pairs of salivary glands, named for their approximate positions: mandibular (submandibular or submaxillary), sublingual, and parotid.[well established][VHOG]
The mouse parotid, exorbital lacrimal gland and exocrine pancreas have similar histological appearances[ISBN10:0123813611]
One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth.
Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO]
A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions.
We classify a wide variety of not necessarily homologous fluids here. In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin
One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP].
Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus. These ducts are sometimes called canals, but technically the term semicircular canal applies to the spaces in the osseus labyrinth in which the semicircular ducts lie.[uncertain][VHOG]
MA divides this into osseous and duct. In FMA, this is systemically part of the bony labyrinth. Note this is an anatomical space in ZFA. The MA treatment has advantages for representing the neuroepithelium, which should not be part of bone. Also check duct vs canal
One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
relationship loss: develops_from lateral semicircular canal primordium (TAO:0000232)[TAO]
Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation.
The auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance) organ of the fish, equivalent to the inner ear of amniotes. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
The labyrinth, or inner ear, evolved very early in vertebrate history and, with many variations in configuration but none of basic design and function, has been retained by all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
Organ with organ cavity which consists of the vestibular labyrinth and the cochlear labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is lodged within the bony labyrinth and has the same general form; it is, however, considerably smaller and is partly separated from the bony walls by a quantity of fluid, the perilymph.[FMA, WP]
A system of communicating epithelial sacs and ducts within the bony labyrinth, containing the endolymph. [TFD][VHOG]
inner ear has parts membranous and osseuous/bony labyrinth. it's not clear where the EMAPA term 'labyrinth' belong, we place them here for now
this class is used more generically than in FMA, and includes e.g. cortex of hair
One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA]
Part of the telencephalon consisting of either of the two smooth, elongated halves of the cerebrum.[AAO]
The presence of paired evaginated hemispheres and olfactory bulbs in both agnathan and gnathostome radiations suggests that such hemispheres were also present in the common ancestor.[well established][VHOG]
Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH)
Boundary notes: It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. [Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe]
A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium.
A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG]
A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces.
TODO - check relationship to ventricle. Check subclass - ZFA says vasculature. Note that FMA:61934 (choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere) has exact synonym 'choroid plexus' but it is not clear that this belongs here, as the fourth ventricle is not in the cerebral hemisphere
A tuft of capillaries that project into the ventricles of the brain and secretes cerebral spinal fluid. The choroid plexus is covered by a cuboidal epithelium which maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.[TAO]
Fringe of the tela choroidea of the brain ventricles[MP]
The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon.
Most anterior of the three regions of the brain consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon.[AAO]
The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
relationship loss: develops_from forebrain neural tube (TAO:0007041)[TAO]
In craniate embryos, neural expression of Distal-less-related genes is exclusively in the forebrain (...). Because the major neural expression domain of amphioxus AmphiDll is in the anterior three-fourths of the cerebral vesicle, we suggest that this region of the neural tube is homologous to parts of the craniate forebrain. This conclusion is strongly supported by three-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction of the neural tube of amphioxus based on serial transmission electron microscopy. At the neuroanatomical level, a number of detailed homologies are indicated between the anterior three-fourths of the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the diencephalic region of the craniate forebrain. If one assumes that the amphioxus condition fairly represents the nervous system of the proximate ancestor of the craniates, one can suggest that they evolved from a creature that had the beginnings of a forebrain.[well established][VHOG]
The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO].
developmental relationships need revised
Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO]
The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]
part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN10:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships
Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.
Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA:62000].
Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.[AAO]
The anterior and dorsal forebrain neuromere, includes the olfactory bulb. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
relationship loss: develops_from presumptive telencephalon (TAO:0000571)[TAO]
From an evolutionary standpoint, the telencephalon is the most recent brain structure: the amphioxus does not have this structure as a morphological entity. Overt telencephalon is present in the hagfish and lamprey to receive numerous input fibers from various parts of the CNS, similar to gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG]
In mammals the cortex covers almost the whole of the cerebral hemispheres.
In ray-finned fishes the inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles.
In the amniotes, the cerebrum becomes increasingly large and complex. In reptiles, the paleopallium is much larger than in amphibians, and its growth has pushed the basal nuclei into the central regions of the cerebrum.
In the most primitive living vertebrates, the hagfishes and lampreys, the cerebrum is a relatively simple structure receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory bulb.
The cerebrum of birds has evolved along different lines to that of mammals, although they are similarly enlarged, by comparison with reptiles. However, this enlargement is largely due to the basal ganglia, with the other areas remaining relatively primitive in structure.
dolphins are the only species (other than humans) to have cerebra accounting for as much as 2 percent of their body weight.
Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified].
Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[NIFSTD:birnlex_965].
The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG]
The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA].
Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO].
Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO]
The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG]
An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition].
The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO]
Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG]
Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN10:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP].
Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG]
'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN10:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum
A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord.
diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO].
todo - add part relationships to specific layers
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO].
guts of jawless fish contains cells with lymphocyte-like morphology (Mayer 2002).
The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended.
vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium.
In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum.
aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine
bile salts function to emulsify dietary fats and facilitate their intestinal absorption
major excretory route for potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances
many hormones and pheromones are excreted in bile, and contribute to growth and development of the intestine in some species and provide attractants for the weaning of non-human vertebrates
protects the organism from enteric infections by excreting immune globulin A (IgA), inflammatory cytokines, and stimulating the innate immune system in the intestine
One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins
Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO]
The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO].
Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO]
Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO]
A vessel through which blood circulates in the body.
consider adopting the EMAPA superclass 'vascular element', which includes microvasculature (e.g. capillaries), vascular plexus
Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG]
Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO]
annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids.
FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX
Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules.
not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element
Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO]
capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs
A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA]
The term 'endothelium' has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980)
Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
A mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its flexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type I[Wikipedia:Fibrocartilage]I
Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel without a well-defined perichondrium[FMA:64784].
Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.[VSAO]
The white fibrocartilages admit of arrangement into four groups-interarticular, connecting, circumferential, and stratiform -- WP. EDITOR NOTE: TODO add mineralized
A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO].
A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons.
Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO]
The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA].
Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO]
The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO]
in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps
Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations.
Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO]
Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA].
Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO]
Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG]
The absence of a cerebellum in hagfishes and lampreys appears to be the only exception [to the rule that vertebrates possess the same number of brain divisions]. Both hagfishes and lampreys do possess a thin band of cells located medial to the lateral line centers of the medulla (Ronan and Northcutt, 1998), which has been interpreted as a primitive cerebellum (Larsell, 1967), but more recent experimental studies (Kishida et al., 1987; Weigle and Northcutt, 1998) fail to support Larsell's claim[http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743.full]
almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem
A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO].
Either of paired structures located in the throat which develop from the ventral wall of the pharynx and excretes hormones involved in the morphological and functional changes during metamorphosis as well as influencing other tissues.[AAO]
(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (2) a groove in the pharyngeal floor known as the endostyle, or a thyroid gland derived from part of the endostyle (...).[well established][VHOG]
In fish, it is usually located below the gills and is not always divided into distinct lobes. However, in some teleosts, patches of thyroid tissue are found elsewhere in the body, associated with the kidneys, spleen, heart, or eyes
In larval lampreys, the thyroid originates as an exocrine gland, secreting its hormones into the gut, and associated with the larva's filter-feeding apparatus. In the adult lamprey, the gland separates from the gut, and becomes endocrine, but this path of development may reflect the evolutionary origin of the thyroid. For instance, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, the tunicates and Amphioxus, have a structure very similar to that of larval lampreys, and this also secretes iodine-containing compounds (albeit not thyroxine)
In tetrapods, the thyroid is always found somewhere in the neck region. In most tetrapod species, there are two paired thyroid glands - that is, the right and left lobes are not joined together. However, there is only ever a single thyroid gland in most mammals, and the shape found in humans is common to many other species
Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus.
Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO]
Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi
Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP]
An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face.
see also: vascular system. Consider merging?
Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo.
Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO]
Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO]
Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO]
The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA].
Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves.[TAO]
relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO]
(Cardiac valve formation in vertebrates) In response to a myocardial signal, endocardial cells at chamber boundaries take on a mesenchymal character, delaminate and migrate into the cardiac jelly. There, they form an endocardial cushion that is later remodelled into a valve.[well established][VHOG]
GO graph seems to suggest this is an endothelium. WP: The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). Latest (2010-06-01) new def suggested for GO, added above. Note that EHDAA2 has a more detailed model which we may later adopt. JB: Patterning makes the cushions lay down connective tissue in three domains that force out the local endothelial lining and so the leaflets form
The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP].
Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers
A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]
When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG]
Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP].
A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]
A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544].
BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument.
An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen.
An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO]
general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs.
A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA]
The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG]
A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve.
Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA]
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs[XAO:EJS].
A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart.
The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG]
In mammals continuous with the pulmonary arteries
Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart.
One of two chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins and forces it by muscular contration to the ventricle.[AAO]
In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG]
Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart.
A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries.[AAO]
In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...)[well established][VHOG]
A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart.
Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG]
The post-cranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA].
Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO]
The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO]
The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO]
The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]
previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed.
Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm].
Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO]
Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO]
The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO]
ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved.
The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis.
consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates
MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin
Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present.
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO]
Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO]
A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts.
Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.[AAO]
A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts.
Lower limb, which connects the pes with the pelvic girdle.[AAO]
note that this corresponds to FMA:'free lower limb' (a limb segment), NOT 'lower limb'. Both MA and FMA consider shoulder (and shoulder bones) part of upper limb. Note that AAO class probably refers to skeleton
The sensory system subserving the sense of vision.
Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli.
The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO]
An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].
Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO]
relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO]
All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003).
The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates.
secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].
Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function.
Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong].
The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO]
An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP].
Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO]
The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG]
Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988)
A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function.
One of either of a pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.[AAO]
The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one).
The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum.
In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz.
In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO].
A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the anterior region of the nephric ridge; forms only as a transient embryonic structure. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.748][VHOG]
Organ that serves as a transient kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages and then degenerating during metamorphosis.[AAO]
The embryonic kidney, present at the level of the third somite, is composed of two glomeruli fused at the midline, two pronephric tubules, and paired bilateral pronephric ducts that modify the composition of the blood filtrate before delivering it to the cloaca for excretion.Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG]
Once the more complex mesonephros forms the pronephros undergoes apoptosis in amphibians. In fishes the nephron degenerates but the organ remains and becomes a component of the immune system[Wikipedia:Pronephros]. // TODO - check developmental relationships. Note that we previously include the ZFA/XAO terms under the more specific 'pronephric kidney', but these are now merged. TODO GCI: relationship: capable_of GO:0030104
A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.
The atrioventricular valve has four distinct leaflets oriented anterior, posterior, left, and right of the atrioventricular orifice. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO]
Valve in the heart through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. [TFD][VHOG]
The conus arteriosus is the most distal part of the primitive fish heart and forms the connection between the ventricle and the ventral aorta. At the sinoatrial, the atrioventricular, and the ventriculoconal junctions, valves developed to prevent backflow of blood during relaxation of the preceding compartment.[uncertain][VHOG]
in ZFA this is part of both atrium and ventricle, but we use a connecting relationship here; see also notes for left and right.
An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the right atrium.
The three-segmented valve of the heart that keeps blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium. [TFD][VHOG]
The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG]
An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium.
A valve of the heart, composed of two triangular flaps, that is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and regulates blood flow between these chambers. [TFD][VHOG]
The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO].
Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO]
Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO]
Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber.
fixed in GO to reflect FMA. See email to David/Varsha June 18 2010
Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]
Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG]
Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA]
the upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea
Each of the two primary divisions of the trachea leading respectively into the right and the left lung. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue
the conducting airway of the lungs found terminal to the bronchi; these structures contain neither cartilage nor mucous-secreting glands; the epithelium of the bronchioles becomes thinner with each branching
lacks submucosa and cartilage plates; they have 3 layers: mucosa, muscular layer and outer layer
the last conducting structure of non-respiratory bronchioles; after this point, the airways have alveoli in their walls
Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs.
in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates; consider 'integumental system'. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition.
Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO]
Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO]
The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]
Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
Vasculature that is part of the eye region.
not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA
Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems.
Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO]
There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG]
A continuation of the neuron projection bundle component of a nerve inside, crossing or immediately outside the central nervous system.
We consider cranial nerve roots to be primarily CNS structures, but model spinal nerve roots as PNS structures, due to the existence of ganglia on the roots.
The continuation of the neurite bundle and associated glia of a nerve, inside the central nervous system[FBbt:00007602, FBC:DOS].
FMA has 'central zone of nerve' which is the superclass of cranial nerve tracts, which the FMA sometimes calls roots
Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]
Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO]
The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax.
In many species, the diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO)
TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC?
Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO]
Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD].
we follow the standard evolutionary classification and treat this as endoskeletal. This means what MA calls 'chondrocranium' must in fact be neurocranium, as it includes parts of the dermatocranium (e.g. frontal, parietal)
Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[AAO]
Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[TAO]
covers the brain dorsally in chondrichthyans
An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ.
An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint
fma general anatomical term. xao has no subtypes (but Johnstons organ develops from this). An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint
A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere
The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles. The lateral ventricles connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramina of Monro[WP].
The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle[GO].
Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree).
Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized].
Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO]
Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707].
the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP]
'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN10:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions).
Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle
chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle
lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
A neural nucleus that is part of the brain.
Neural tissue consisting of myelinated axons connecting grey matter areas of the central nervous system.
Cell part cluster consisting predominantly of neurites in the brain and the spinal cord[FMA:83929].
Multi-tissue structure comprised largely of myelinated axons.[TAO]
The myelination of axons by glial cells was the last major step in the evolution of cells in the vertebrate nervous system, and white-matter tracts are key to the architecture of the mammalian brain.[well established][VHOG]
nlx_anat_101177 seems to have been lost in the transition from NIFGA to Neurolex
The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities.
check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct
Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA].
The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO].
In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities
A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube.
Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO]
Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO]
relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO]
(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG]
In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord.
The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB]
Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm.
currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest. Consider making 'somitic mesoderm' a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk
Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO]
Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO]
relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO]
relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO]
(...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248]
Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia].
A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP].
consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams).
A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO]
A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831]
We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG]
Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells.
Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue.
(...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG]
we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here
epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma
the middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers
TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium
Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO]
The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]
EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue
The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG]
The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA].
WP:Heart states: "The SA node is found in all amniotes but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Indeed, since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely homologous with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium.". Note however that ZFA has SA node.
The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs.
MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified].
An epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity.[TAO]
Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.[AAO]
Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord.
Membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. It is represented by a single layer in fishes, two in amphibians, reptiles and birds and three in mammals (named dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater). [TFD][VHOG]
In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG]
Whereas cyclostomes and fishes only have a single envelope called the primitive meninx, amphibians have two layers, consisting of an outer dura mater which is extremely dense and protective, and a pia-arachnoid or secondary meninx which is more delicate and vascular. Mammals have three meninges: pia mater (which follows all the convolutions of the brain and is the most interior), the arachnoid layer (which is delicate and sends strands to the pia mater), and the dura mater (the outer, more protective meninx).
Not consider part of the CNS/neuraxis in FMA
A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas
Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses
Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified].
Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO].
Anatomical structure which is found on the surface of the kidney and secretes various hormones including epinephrine, norephinephrine, aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol.[AAO]
All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]
The origin of the adrenal gland is still controversial. It is thought to share the same origin as the kidney and gonads, derived from coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge and/or the underlying mesenchyme (Keegan and Hammer, 2002; Morohashi, 1997). We follow Kardong and state homology at the level of the cortex and medulla rather than gland as a whole
suprarenal cortex manufactures corticosteroids; suprarenal medulla manufactures epinephrine and norepinephrine; suprarenal medulla receives preganglionic sympathetic innervation from the greater thoracic splanchnic n.
the soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones
TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs
The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG]
In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[Wikipedia:Bone_marrow]
either of the two small almond-shaped masses of lymph tissue found on either side of the oropharynx
the term 'tonsil' can be ambiguous, sometimes refering specifically to the palatine tonsil, sometimes generically to include the cecal tonsils of avians. This class represents lymphoid tissue that is part of the tonsillar ring, in the mouth/throat region
Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO]
Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO]
Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO]
Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO].
One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO]
Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach.
distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits.
Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells.
Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO]
Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG]
In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes
Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system[WP].
Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine.
A duct that carries bile from the liver to the intestine.
Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG]
(...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG]
we place the ZFA class here as this fits its textual definition and child nodes. We may recommend a label change for ZFA
The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural.
the part of the pleura external to the visceral pleura. It lines the inner surface of the chest wall, covers the diaphragm, and is reflected over the structures occupying the middle of the thorax
The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs.
Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura].
The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae.
In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]
The contraction of the diaphragm creates a negative pressure within the pleural cavity which forces the lungs to expand resulting in passive exhalation and active inhalation. This breathing process can be made forceful through the contraction of the external intercostal muscles which forces the rib cage to expand and add to the negative pressure in the pleural cavity causing the lungs to fill with air. The fluid in the cavity provides lubrication and cushioning
the EHDAA2 class of the same is not equivalent. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86
Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.
The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG]
The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO].
Nervous system including a portion of the central and peripheral systems and presiding over the control and coordination of the vegetative functions of the organism. It innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glandular tissues and is responsible for many actions which are more or less automatic (e.g. secretion, vasoconstriction etc.). It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
Part of the peripheral nervous system which regulates involuntary functions of the body and consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.[AAO]
From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG]
FMA splits this into peripheral and nervous parts; GO has ANS directly under NS; PNS is a sib
autonomic division of peripheral nervous system
autonomic part of peripheral nervous system
divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici
pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici
Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle.
(...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG]
Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.
A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO]
Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO]
Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO]
Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG]
Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W]
A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition].
check FMA, use plural for now as general class not there
The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system
System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator].
The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct [GO:0061008]
A bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].
the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids
NCITA includes clavicle. MA:'limb bone' is actually a bone of limb or girdle
The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus.
The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP].
Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins.[AAO]
The lymphatic system of anuran amphibians is characterized by large lymphatic sacs and two pairs of lymph hearts that return lymph into the venous circulation but no lymph vessels per se [10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2013]
The lymphatic systems of reptiles and some birds have lymph hearts, and both groups have extensive lymph vessels, but their functional role in both lymph movement and plasma volume homeostasis is almost completely unknown [10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2013]
We follow FMA and MA in distinguishing between lymphatic system and lymphoid system, with lymhoid tissue part of the non-lymphatic component, although these terms are often used interchangeably. We assume the ZFA term lymphatic tissue actually corresponds to the broader class (e.g. ZFA lymph node in the ZFA lymphatic system). See tracker for more comments.
Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot
Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group; note that this refers to the limb segment, not just the skeleton.
The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus).
There exists some controversy about which podial segments are present in some fishes, e.g. if the autopod is not newly evolved in tetrapods, there is a question as to which segments are actually present in basal vertebrate taxa.[PHENOSCAPE:curators]
The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton.
Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group
Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.
see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/27
Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO]
Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO:wd].
Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251]
Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO]
some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral
Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers.
The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted].
May be composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue
The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong].
the FMA class represents a more generic layer which is the superclass of the layer found in both blood vessels and lymph vessels (and also endocardium) - we should probably follow this structure
The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia]
A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles.
TODO - align this with the CARO2 class 'appendage segment'; note the FMA class does not appear to require repetition
FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z
an organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ
An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP].
Embryonic surface structure that develops into a paired fin.[ZFA]
In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]
MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class
In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG]
Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism.
One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches.
One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO]
A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG]
Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering
A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans).
this class represents the entire organism subdivision encompassing soft tissue as well as the underlying skeletal framework. The class represents the phalangeal part only - historically the term 'digit' has also been used to represent the unit consisting of a series of phalanges together with a metapodial bone. We may in future relabel this class to avoid confusion with this concept, but the class will continue to represent the phalangeal portion
Our reinterpretation of the distal fin endoskeleton of Panderichthys removes the final piece of evidence supporting the formerly popular hypothesis that tetrapod digits are wholly new structures without homologues in sarcopterygian fish fins. This hypothesis, which was based partly on the complete absence of plausible digit homologues in Panderichthys (then the closest known relative of tetrapods), has already been called into question by the discovery of digit-like radials in Tiktaalik and the fact that Hox gene expression patterns closely resembling those associated with digit formation in tetrapods occur in the distal fin skeletons of paddlefish and Australian lungfish. Our new data show that Panderichthys is not an anomaly: like Tiktaalik and other fish members of the Tetrapodomorpha, it has distal radials that can be interpreted as digit homologues.[well established][VHOG]
digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue
Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic.
to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass. Do not merge.
Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons
The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this.
Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina.
Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia.
A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region.
segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8
A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (2) neurogenic placodes (...).[well established][VHOG]
Olfactory placodes are the only ectodermal placodes to produce glia, a cell type typically derived from neural crest // Note that NBK53171 classifies this as non-neurogenic
The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops[BTO]. Epithelial sac present beside the fifth rhombomere; forms the semicircular canals dorsally and the otolith organs ventrally, and houses the acoustico-vestibular sensory epithelia (maculae) of hair cells[ZFA]. epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP]
Epithelial sac present beside the fifth rhombomere; forms the semicircular canals dorsally and the otolith organs ventrally, and houses the acoustico-vestibular sensory epithelia (maculae) of hair cells. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
One of the paired sacs of invaginated ectoderm that develop into the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear. [Biology_online][VHOG]
The inner ear develops embryonically in all vertebrates as an invagination of the ectodermal otic placode to form an otic vesicle.[well established][VHOG]
The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure
Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG]
A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis.
The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]
relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO]
In mice, the first non-basal layer formed at ~E9.5; it is a temporary structure composed of simple squamous epithelium that serves as the first barrier to the embryo's physical environment, exists throughout the entire keratinocyte stratification process, and sheds off at ~E17, when it is replaced by corneocytes[MP]
In some mammals, Eyelid Fusion is thought to be driven by a population of cells which are derived from the periderm, the outermost layer of the developing epidermis
Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html)
The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form.
Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG]
In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP].
Duct of the embryonic kidney, present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the anal region where it empties separately from, and just posterior to the anus. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
(...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG]
The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney[GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647339, XAO:0000063, ZFA:0000150]
Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted].
Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO]
relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO]
Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac
A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue
TODO - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA?
Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG]
There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG]
The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.
Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO]
(...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG]
all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm').
The second pharyngeal arch will form the hyoid apparatus. The cranial neural crest cells that populate the second pharyngeal arch emerge primarily from rhombomere 4 and will form skeletal elements.
The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO]
A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG]
Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes.
In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG]
The only remaining dorsolateral placode in land vertebrates is the otic/octaval placode
The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.
The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG]
A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII[NBK]
Primordium of the ear epithelium before it hollows into the otic vesicle, present beside the hindbrain rudiment in the midsegmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO]
With the exception of the pigment cells of the stria vascularis and the secretory epithelium of the cochlea, which are of neural crest origin, all compo- nents of the inner ear derive from the otic placode. In most species the thickening of the ectoderm into a placode occurs in a region adjacent to rhombomere 5 (reviewed in Ohyama et al., 2007), while in amphibians the otic placode is centered onto rhombomere 4 (Ruiz i Altaba and Jessell, 1991).
Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles.
TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium.
Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP].
(...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG]
A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP].
Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
(...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG]
Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006)
Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA].
Consider adding subclasses for male and female specific variants
TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct
Anatomical structure consisting of either of a pair of longitudinal ducts which carry urine and in males, sperm, to the cloaca.[AAO]
In the male the Wolffian duct persists, and forms for example the epididymis, the ductus deferens, the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle and efferent ducts.
A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]
The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]
Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO]
Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG]
note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here)
Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia.
Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. [Graham_A, The_development_and_evolution_of_the_pharyngeal_arches._J_Anat_(2001)_199:_133-141][VHOG]
These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG]
Epibranchial placodes-derived neurons innervate internal organs to transmit information such as heart rate, blood pressure, and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001). From rostral to caudal the epibranchial placodes comprise the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose placodes, each associated in sequence with the first, second and third branchial clefts. Each placode contributes sensory neurons to cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagal nerve), respectively
in XAO this develops_from dorsolateral placode, but in NBK53175, this is a separate group
TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages
Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP].
Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO]
The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG]
A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG]
A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells.
The term 'myotome' is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class, myomere.
Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG]
Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone.
should probably be merged with heart rudiment.
Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO]
The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO]
relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO]
Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP].
The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG]
The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus.
Portion of tissue part of the pharyngeal endoderm that is fated to become thyroid follicle[ZFIN:curator].
In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch
Note that we follow EHDAA2 in dividing this into endoderm and mesenchyme. In this ontology we place the broad developmental relationship at this level, and include specific relationships to the pharyngeal endoderm at the level of the endoderm
neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage.
Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO]
Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO]
We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG]
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism.
Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA]
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
this class was introduced for consistency with CARO. However, in this ontology we typically classify organs directly under 'organ' rather than subdividing into compound and simple organs
Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO].
the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense
A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO]
Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.[TAO]
Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.[AAO]
relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibular-otic region joint (TAO:0001947)[TAO]
UBERONREF:0000007 has this as a syn for otic capsule
The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus.
The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, contains the first aortic arch.[AAO]
in XAO, called branchial arch 1 and df VP3
The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO]
The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph].
An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO]
The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG]
In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx.
Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism).
the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium
The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton
Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP].
in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible.
in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton
A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates
GO uses genitalia for the singular organ
female organism reproductive system organ
reproductive structure of female organism
reproductive system organ of female organism
one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO]
A mass of intermediate mesodermal cells around the distal end of the ureteric bud that gives rise to nephrons in the metanephric kidney. [TFD][VHOG]
When the ureteric buds emerge from the nephric duct, they enter the metanephrogenic mesenchyme. The ureteric buds induce this mesenchymal tissue to condense around them and differentiate into the nephrons of the mammalian kidney. As this mesenchyme differentiates, it tells the ureteric bud to branch and grow.[well established][VHOG]
Genes: The positional specification of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme is negatively regulated by Foxc1 and Foxc2. Next the permanent kidney forming metanephrogenic mesenchyme is specified by Hox11 genes. The competence to respond to ureteric bud inducers is regulated by WT1. GDNF secretion restricted to posterior region by Robo2 and Sprouty1. The receptors for GDNF are synthesized in the nephric ducts and later in ureteric buds [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]
Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits.
In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three
we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk-the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion.
An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition].
A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage.
The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO]
The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG]
Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102
A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition].
A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition].
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye.
TODO - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of
A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa.
An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition].
any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi
Not clear if we need this and intra-ocular muscle. See issue #331. MA includes ciliary and iris smooth muscle
A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition].
Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud.
A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].
consider merging with thoracic nerve. In MA the only subclass is the phrenic nerve, which arises from a cervical nerve
A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta.
only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta.
A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].
A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition].
A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition].
TODO - check free limb vs pelvic complex
The regions of the brain that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites.
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
apparatus respiratorius connective tissue
apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue
apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus
connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius
portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius
portion of connective tissue of respiratory system
respiratory system portion of connective tissue
textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius
textus connectivus of respiratory system
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition].
connective tissue of lower respiratory tract
lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue
lower respiratory tract textus connectivus
portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract
textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract
lower respiratory tract connective tissue
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition].
Any joint that is part of a (free) limb.
Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses
The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity).
in FMA this contains the pelvic cavity, but this is inconsistent with the concept of abdominopelvic cavity
The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles.
Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct.
includes all the cystic duct, all the common bile duct and the extrahapetic part of the hepatic duct
Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.
includes the hepatic duct of the caudate lobe, and the intra- and inter- lobar bile ducts
Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO]
Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature.
One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO]
A branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). It travels within the endoneurium. It is the nerve of the 6th Branchial Arch.
Branch of the vagus nerve that separates from the vagus well postcranially, then continues anteriorly to innervate the larynx[AAO:0010754].
recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve
vagus X nerve recurrent laryngeal branch
The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted].
A region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium destined to become the prostate[GO].
AR activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth. There are three phases of prostatic budding: (1) the specification phase, when instructive developmental cues define where buds will form in the UGS, (2) the initiation phase, when prostatic buds begin to form, and (3) the elongation phase, when proliferation, cell adhesion, and cell migration coordinate outgrowth of prostatic buds into UGM. Timing of prostatic bud formation and the quantity and pattern of buds that are formed in the UGS are strictly regulated [3, 4]. The position of prostatic buds as they emerge from the UGS in utero determines the arrangement of prostate ducts in adulthood.[PMID:18977204]
Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition].
joint of limb of distal free limb segment
An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube.
A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain.
A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a telencephalon.
Cranial neural crest that is part of the telencephalon.[TAO]
A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain.
Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO]
A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord.
We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG]
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion.
An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen.
The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom
consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults
(...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG]
Initial section of the oviduct through which the ova pass from the ovary to the uterus
paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM].
Either of the paired embryonic ducts developing into the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and becoming largely obliterated in the male. [TFD][VHOG]
Transient developmental organ which gives rise to oviducts in female (documented to persist in some male frogs).[AAO]
In females, the archinephric (mesonephric) ducts tend to function only within the urinary systems. The muellerian duct arises embryologically next to the archinephric (wolffian) duct. In males, the muellerian duct regresses if it appears at all, but in females, the muellerian ducts become the oviducts of the reproductive system.[well established][VHOG]
Sertoli cells secrete anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) inducing the demise of this duct
A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum.
consider adding further subdivisions of the endoderm, e.g. ventral foregut. Note we place two EFO classes here, it's not clear how they differ
The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO].
(...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
contrast with a multi-tissue tube, which has as parts both epithelium, connective tissue, possibly muscle layers
Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition].
Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO].
A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart
embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud.
in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds
revisit after standardizing terms 'primordium', 'anlagen', 'bud'
The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID].
pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.
The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO]
In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct.
The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP]
the ventral pancreas and liver are derived from a common precursor cell population[PMID:16417468]. TODO - add this relationship.
A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].
An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract.
Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO]
Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction.
The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses
TODO - check relationship between CP and BV. If this is part of then this class should be obsoleted
The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina.
internal genitalia of female reproductive system
TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547
The funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube[MP]
The third part of the uterine tube is the infundibulum. It terminates with the ostium of Fallopian tube, surrounded by fimbriae, one of which is attached to the ovary[Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube].
A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells.
Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'.
The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells
As the cells adjacent to the lumen continue to divide, the migrating cells form a second layer around the original neural tube. This layer becomes progressively thicker as more cells are added to it from the germinal neuroepithelium. This new layer is called the mantle (or intermediate) zone, and the germinal epithelium is now called the ventricular zone (and, later, the ependyma)[NCBIBook:NBK10047]
One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP]
In ZFA, Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule)
The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium
consider merging with 'ventricular zone'; note that the MA class probably does not belong here, as this is an embryonic structure
The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen
The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer.
The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter
The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons.
one of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid
Organ cavity of the brain which consists of the lateral ventricles, the third and fourth ventricles and the cerebral aqueduct[NIFSTD:birnlex_1356].
FMA draws the distinction between e.g. 'fourth ventricle' and 'cavity of fourth ventricle'. The latter is a cavity, and part of the former, which is a region. The superclass of 'fourth ventricle' is_a 'region of ventricular system of the brain'. We place this class here, although it is not equivalent to ventricles, as it includes ventricle bodies.
Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart.
The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present
note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature. The FMA also has FMA:72951 orbital part of eye
The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW].
this class is currently a union of the snout (e.g. in mouse), the midface and the lower face. Note that in MA, snout includes the whole jaw and should thus be more alike the lower face than the midface, so its placement here is not strictly accurate. In future we might introduce specific classes for each of these, and include the full parthood relationships. if this is done, then care should be taken to preserve inferences such as an abnormality of the lower face being an abnormality of the midface.
Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces.
FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature
An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches.
Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits. Crump et al, 2004.[TAO]
EMAPA also includes a distinct pouch endoderm
The pouches are polarized structures. For example, whereas the rostral half of each pouch expresses Bmp-7, the caudal half expresses FGF-8 and the dorsal aspect of each pouch is marked via its expression of Pax-1. each pouch has an individual sense of identity. Shh expression is a prominent early feature of the caudal endoderm of the second arch, and individual pouches mark the anterior limits of expression of Hox genes within the pharyngeal endoderm; Hox-a2 has a rostral boundary at the second pouch, Hox-a3 at the third pouch and Hox-a4 at the most caudal pouch[PMID:16313389]
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm.
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm.
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO]
relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO]
Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG]
The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA].
(...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG]
Genes: Six3, Pax6, Rx1 are expressed together in the tip of the neural plate [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]. Development notes: During subsequent develop- ment, the optic vesicle invaginates and becomes a two-layered structure with an inner neural retina and outer retinal pigment epithelium. As soon as the developing optic vesicle makes contact with the overlying ectoderm, it induces the ectoderm to thicken and form the lens placode [PMID:16496288]
The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field
TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO
(In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG]
A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.
this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138]
An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube.
The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries
Depending on the species, attached at the cardiac outflow are described the conus arteriosus, the truncus arteriosus and, or the bulbus arteriosus. At the distal limit of these outflow structures, but lying outside the pericardial cavity, is the ventral aorta[PMID:20735616]
A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart
generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus
A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG].
A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG]
In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG]
The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm. The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut.
in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum
The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals
TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547
The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals
A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm.
The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron
The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron
Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron
The detailed events associated with the differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme are somewhat complex. It has been suggested that each terminal branch of the ureteric bud stimulates the associated cap mesenchyme tissue to form a renal vesicle (the most primitive stage of nephron development: a stage I nephron). This then elongates, becomes a comma-shaped and then an S-shaped body (stage II nephron), and makes contact with and fuses with the distal component of the ureteric bud. The latter then forms the collecting duct. One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman's capsule (also termed the glomerular capsule). Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus. The inner epithelial layer of the Bowman's capsule (also called the visceral epithelium, or podocyte layer because it consists of podocytes) is closely apposed to the endothelial glomerulus. Together, the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. The rest of the nephron elongates to form components of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule. The distal pole of the developing nephron connects to the ureteric bud that induced it at an early stage of nephron/ collecting duct development, before differentiation of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule are complete. This connection allows the excretory products produced by the kidney to be removed and subsequently transferred, via the ureter, into the bladder where they are stored until it is appropriate to empty the bladder. [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron]
The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.
note that this class includes both metanephric and mesonephric vesicles - ZFA and EHDAA2 associations are placed with these classes. TODO - make a more specific develops_from relationship - see UBERON:0005107 ! metanephric cap
The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron
smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.
Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension.
A muscle that is part of the eye region.
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO]
The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome.
Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768].
Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO]
Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO]
all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis.
Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG]
A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.
The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO]
Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.
It is not a true skeleton, but it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolating the atria from the ventricles. This allows the AV node and AV bundle to delay the wave of depolarisation such that the atria can contract and assist in ventricular filling before the ventricles themselves depolarise and contract (the AV bundle is the only part of the conduction system that passes from the atria to the ventricles in a normal heart). It also allows the valves (bicuspid, tricuspid, semilunar) to keep open by giving them structural support[WP]
In human anatomy, the distal phalanges of the four fingers and toes articulate proximally with the intermediate phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP); in the thumb and big toe, with only two phalanges, the distal phalanges articulate proximally with the proximal phalanges. The distal phalanges carry and shape nails and claws and are therefore occasionally referred to as the ungual phalanges. The distal phalanges are cone-shaped in most mammals, including most primates, but relatively wide and flat in humans.
A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges.
consider using numbering system, and axioms to the effect that there is a single middle phalanx per finger in humans. This should perhaps be renamed 'intermediate phalanx', leaving the term middle phalanx open for the specific intermediate phalanx of a 3-phalanx digit
Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones of the finger and toe which lie in the middle, between the two wrinkly joints. The thumb and big toe do not have intermediate phalanges. In most other vertebrates, they have a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin
in some groups such as whales, there are multiple intermediate phalanges
Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones at the base of a toe or finger, the prominent, knobby ends of which are often called the knuckles. In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ('finger' bone)
The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP]
(...) the blastopore equivalent of chordates (germ ring in fish, marginal zone/blastopore lip in frog and node/primitive streak in chick and mouse) (...) (reference 1); Indeed, the primitive streak has been considered the homologue of the blastopore since the 1870s (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
VHOG includes a very broad grouping here based on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9609826
primitive streak - blastopore - germ ring
outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition
distinction between trophectoderm and trophoblast unclear/inconsistent in many sources
The outer cellular layer of the mammalian blastocyst. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.750, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]
(...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
BTO has this has part of the trophoblast
An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP].
Early outgrowth of presumptive limb.[AAO]
developmentally_induced_by Fgf10, capable of initiating limb forming interactions between endoderm and mesoderm
The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm
multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP].
note that media, dorsal fins etc have AERs.
Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO]
Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO]
relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO]
The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold
maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop
An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP].
The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG]
Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056]
The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries
The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO]
the first arch which contributes to development of mastication muscles, maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus, Meckel's cartilage, trigeminal nerve, and maxillary artery
A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane.
Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO]
Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals
A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition].
bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton
The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb.
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.[VSAO]
EHDAA2 considers hip and shoulder joints part of limb skeleton.
Sum of all sensory systems in an organism.
Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here. BTO thorax muscle is a pectoral muscle or diaphragm
Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
currently defined by location rather than attachment
A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition].
Note placement of MA class based on parthood relationship
A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ.
should be declared disjoint from organ, but in some ontologies (e.g. ZFA), structures such as neural spines are classified as bones (and hence organs)
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, or tissue.[AAO]
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[TAO]
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[VSAO]
Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph.
The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]
A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.
A vascular network consisting of blood vessels.
The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries.
An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong]
In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP]
Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA]
The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions.
A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning.
The capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism.
developmental relationships need to be checked
Skeletal elements surrounding the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. Sensory capsules anterolateral to and confluent with occipital arch.[AAO]
The cartilage capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony. [Biology_online][VHOG]
relationship loss: part_of occipito-petrosal (AAO:0010831)[AAO]
relationship loss: part_of otic and occipital (AAO:0000993)[AAO]
Otic capsules develop around the parts of the ear that lie within the chondrocranium. This part of the ear, known as the inner ear, is composed of the semicircular ducts and associated sacs that contain the receptive cells for equilibrium and hearing (reference 1); (...) considerations have led to our rethinking issues related to the origin of several aspects of vertebrate hearing, and to the view that many basic auditory functions evolved very early in vertebrate history, and that the functions observed in more `advanced' vertebrates, such as birds and mammals, are frequently modifications of themes first encountered in fishes, and perhaps even more ancestral animals.[well established][VHOG]
in elasmobranchs, it remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)
An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart
the polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein
should not be confused with the anatomic lobes of the liver (caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, left lobe, and right lobe), or any of the functional lobe classification systems.[WP]
An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition].
a transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches
TODO - check relationship to bulbus arteriosus
A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO]
An appendage that is part of a appendage girdle complex.
this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin.
Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues.
The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava.
The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP].
EHDAA2 places this as a subtype of organism. This leads to the inference that a conceptus is an embryo (if an embryo is defined as an organism at embryo stage), which eliminates the embryonic + extra-embryonic = conceptus
Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres.
revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment; note that with the additional of an A/P axis constraint this corresponds to what Richter at al call a neuromere (PMID:21062451)
An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition].
We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here
A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]
Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from
The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP].
in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain)
cartiligionous skeletal structure of skull
Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles.
Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO]
Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO]
Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system.
The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417468
Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia.
the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi
An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition].
in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label
columnar epithelium of the Fallopian tube
An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue
epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius
An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].
epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system
gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue
An epithelium that is part of an endometrium [Automatically generated definition].
In rodents and primates, the uterine epithelium (the endometrium) is eroded away so that maternal blood comes into direct contact with the trophoblast surface (called haemochorial)
epithelium of tunica mucosa of endometrium
An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition].
epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract
upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue
the cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces
An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system.
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP].
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP].
We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors
splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP].
Gives rise to the paired appendages in jawed vertebrates. a persistent somatopleure through the redistribution and expansion of the lateral plate mesoderm is a synapomorphy for gnathostomes and a critical step in generating a novel developmental module with dramatic evolutionary potentia (Tulenko et al. 2012) http://burkelab.research.wesleyan.edu/current-projects/lamprey/
sources differ as to whether this is part-of or develops-from the LPM
A portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP].
part_of or develops_from urogenital ridge?
One of of the pair of folds derived from the cloacal folds which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia; in male embryos they close over the urethral plate and fuse to form the spongy (penile) urethra and ventral aspect of the penis, not including the glans; failure of fusion of the urethral folds leads to hypospadias; in female embryos they fuse only anterior to the anus and form the labia minora[MP].
Less commonly, urogenital fold refers to the fold in the mesonephros which is the precursor of e.g. the suspensory ligament of the ovary. This is the case in older versions of Gray's anatomy[WP]
The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord
Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576].
WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm. Induces neural tube. Gilbert: contains an anterior head process and the notochord.
The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung.
The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra
we follow EHDAA2 in dividing the UGS into epithelium and lumen
Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts.
The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition].
MA class was moved from here. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509
WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L
The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum.
WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus
A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct.
Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO]
One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct.
A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract.
intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct.
A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer.
A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition].
mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach
mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region
mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach
mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region
The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds.
The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove].
One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP].
In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold].
A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN].
An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO].
The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO].
An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]
consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm; need to check taxon-appropriateness
With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates.
in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous.
Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO].
in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila
class added for consistency with GO - consider merging with kidney mesenchyme.
An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition].
A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding.
Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system.
An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis.
A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part.
we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.'
Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion).
TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same
A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO]
A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine[ZFA].
The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG]
The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO].
An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland.
An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region.
An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back.
An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions.
An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli.
An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis.
An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions.
A valve that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition].
The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the metencephalon. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG]
Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells.
Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk.
A set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP].
TODO - resolve space vs structure conflation. We follow FMA in making this and the various ventricles a structure - it follows from this that strutures such as the tela choroidea and choroid plexuses can be part of the ventricles and ventricular system. Note: see also the class 'neuraxis cavity'
ventricular system of central nervous system
A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm].
Portion of tissue that is part of the primitive meninx which forms a fold, roofing a ventricle of the brain and supporting the choroid plexus[ZFA:0000447].
Vascularized tela choroidea is choroid plexus.
Note that the structure in ZFA may be different
The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP].
The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG]
the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes
A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo.
Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord.
region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis
An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye.
A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array.
directing or focusing light onto light receptors
A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system.
A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system.
The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system.
the decision to split digestive and gastrointestinal in this way may be revisited. As it currently stands, this class more closely aligns what MA calls the alimentary system
The system that includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas[ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System].
All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG]
that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla.
alimentary part of gastrointestinal system
A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb.
The bilateral thickening of the ectoderm in the region of the first noticeable at NF stage 47, and innervated by NF stage 51. The hind limb buds develop before the forelimb buds.[AAO]
Genes: Tbx4 specifies hindlimbs. Wnt8c restricts Fgf10 in chick.
A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin.
Fin bud that develops into the pelvic fin.[TAO]
at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pelvic fin bud' class, but we may in future
Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina.
Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens.
A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG]
the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals
Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea.
A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall that divides the neural tube into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) halves (dorsal receives input from sensory neurons, ventral effects motor functions); stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD].
neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans
A valve leaflet that is part of a tricuspid valve.
Leaf of caridac valve which has as its parts the anterior, posterior and septal leaflets that is is attached to the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle and the fibrous ring of tricuspid valve.
The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[uncertain][VHOG]
Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube.
In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG]
After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm.
Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998). Editor note: todo - epidermis? todo - track down EHDAA2 class in new release
Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube.
Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad.
Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO]
Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle
They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished). during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983)
EHDAA2 has both 'head somite' and 'head somite group', with part_of and develops_from for latter
A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum.
A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG]
Contributes to the arch of aorta in humans
A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part.
In a vascular plexus, the contents of the vessels mix. A plexus allows blood to flow via multiple routes. If one branch of the plexus is obstructed, the blood may flow via the open branches[Wikipedia:Plexus#Circulatory_system].
Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo.
stuctures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes appear in mammals [ISBN10:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong)]
An epithelium that is part of a ear vesicle.
A mesoderm that has the potential to develop into a pronephros.
Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.[AAO]
the intermediate mesoderm of the chick embryo acquires its ability to form kidneys through its interactions with the paraxial mesoderm [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology", http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720431 "Signals from trunk paraxial mesoderm induce pronephros formation in chick intermediate mesoderm"]. These interactions induce the expression of TFs including Lim1, Pax2 and Pax6 that cause the intermediate mesoderm to form the kidney
A sensory system that is capable of olfacttion (the sensory perception of smell).
consider splitting into main and accessory. See also: vomeronasal organ
we make the relationship to nervous system 'overlaps', as the olfactory system includes e.g. apertures in the cranium that are not part of the nervous system
The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction, or the sense of smell. Most mammals and reptiles have two distinct parts to their olfactory system: a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects volatile, airborne substances, while the accessory olfactory system senses fluid-phase stimuli. Behavioral evidence indicates that most often, the stimuli detected by the accessory olfactory system are pheromones. The olfactory system is often spoken of along with the gustatory system as the chemosensory senses because both transduce chemical signals into perception[WP][Wikipedia:Olfactory_system].
The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).[AAO]
In mammals, the main olfactory system detects odorants that are inhaled through the nose, where they contact the main olfactory epithelium, which contains various olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors are membrane proteins of bipolar olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules. Olfactory neurons transduce receptor activation into electrical signals in neurons. The signals travel along the olfactory nerve, which belongs to the peripheral nervous system. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which belongs to the central nervous system. The complex set of olfactory receptors on different olfactory neurons can distinguish a new odor from the background environmental odors and determine the concentration of the odor[WP].
A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme.
Embryonic region that develops into the pelvic fin bud.[TAO]
pelvic appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm
A limb/fin field that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a paired fin bud.
A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified].
we represent the field as being a part of the LPM (consistent with ZFA, Gilbert). As a consequence, the relationship between limb bud (with is ectoderm+mesenchyme) stands in a weaker has_developmental_contribution_from relation to the field - TODO implement this.
limb/fin field of lateral plate mesoderm
A ring of cells capable of forming a limb.
the central portion of the limb field gives rise to the limb proper. mesenchyme cells proliferate from from the somatic layer of limb field lateral plate mesoderm (limb skeletal precursors) and from the somites (limb muscle precursors) . these mesenchymal cells accumulate under the ectedermal tissue to make a limb bud. // The lateral plate mesoderm in the limb field is also special in that it will induce myoblasts to migrate out from the somites and enter the limb bud. No other region of the lateral plate mesoderm will do that (Hayashi and Ozawa 1995)
The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue.
TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings
The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29].
An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP].
The capillary loops of the kidney that normally function as a filtration unit[MP].
...Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus
The metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm.
The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros.
A acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure.
An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina.
this class represents a continuous sheet of basement membrane which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal membrane' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell.
Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions.
TODO - check ridge vs cord vs nephrogenic cord vs blastema
Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle.
The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.
Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP].
Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, leading from the paired roots (radices) of the dorsal aorta to the caudal artery. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch
relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO]
In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP].
This is currently used loosely to refer to cervical, lumbar, etc as well as the metamerically repeated segments, which may correspond more closely with the ZFA neuromere term
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme.
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts.
A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage.
the paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip
A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis.
encompasses digits and prepollex. requires review
Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]
Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]
Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified].
Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO]
An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium.
Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]
An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium.
A sheet of somatopleure that grows upward over the embryo and eventually meets in the midline enclosing the embryo, eventually giving rise to the amnion and chorion[Kardong].
Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation
The tendinous strands that connect the papillary muscles on the wall of the ventricles to the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves; the chordae tendineae serve to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing back into the atria
The fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps
The two fibrous components and associated flaps of the mitral valve
Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers.
add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland. Note that MP implicitly includes hypodermis.
the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678]
A ring of ribrous tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular and arterial orifices
TODO - compare with ZFA atrioventricular ring, part of the conduction system
The part of the heart valves that serves to seal the heart valves when closed. There are three cusps for each valve except for the mitral valve, which has only two (hence its alternate name, 'bicuspid valve'). 'Nodules' are located at the tip of the valve, to form a tighter seal[WP].
A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions).
A threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of an axon and myelin sheath (if it is myelinated) in the nervous system. There are nerve fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. A nerve fiber may be myelinated and/or unmyelinated. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin by oligodendroglia cells is formed. Schwann cells form myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cells also make a thin covering in an axon without myelin (in the PNS). A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon, myelin sheath, schwann cells and its endoneurium. There are no endoneurium and schwann cells in the central nervous system.
Axons of neurons encased in a lipoproteinaceous material called myelin. (MeSH)
consider adding link to UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis
http://www1.pbrc.hawaii.edu/~danh/MyelinEvolution/evolution.html, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin#Invertebrate_myelin
the posterior section of the developing metencephalon recognized transiently within the vertebrate embryo; the rhombic lip extends posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cell and can be divided into eight structural units based on rhombomeres 1-8 (r1-r8), recognized at early stages of hindbrain development; producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar neural system
The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roofplate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.[TAO]
dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon
The membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca, formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm; the urorectal septum joins the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane; the point where the urorectal septum intersects the cloacal membrane is the future site of the perineal body; proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the cloacal membrane produces primordial tissues of the external genitalia in both sexes: the genital tubercle, genital folds, and genital swellings.
A membrane that separates the proctodeum and the hindgut in the early embryo. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.497, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG]
In mammals, the cloaca exists as an embryonic structure that undergoes septation to become distinct urethral, anal, and genital orifices.[well established][VHOG]
An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut.
Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG]
The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO)
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain.
TODO. Add relationships to neural plate (both ZFA and EMAPA time this with the neural plate)
A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops.
Primordium of the tongue; the median swelling and the distal and proximal swellings arise from the ventral aspect of the stomodeum. [TFD][VHOG]
the collection consisting of the two lateral swellings and the medial swelling
The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord.
TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB
The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG]
A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot
The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus.
the pair of depressions of thickened otic placode epithelium, that further develops into the otic vesicles
A depression appearing in each otic placode, marking the beginnning of embryonic development of the internal ear. [TFD][VHOG]
Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle.
presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube
The embryonic ventricle or primitive ventricle of the developing heart gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricles. In contrast, the smooth parts of the left and right ventricles originate from the embryological bulbus cordis. The primitive ventricle becomes divided by a septum, the septum inferius or ventricular septum, which grows upward from the lower part of the ventricle, its position being indicated on the surface of the heart by a furrow. Its dorsal part increases more rapidly than its ventral portion, and fuses with the dorsal part of the septum intermedium. For a time an interventricular foramen exists above its ventral portion, but this foramen is ultimately closed by the fusion of the aortic septum with the ventricular septum[WP]
future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle
Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not.
A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart).
A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine.
in ZFA this is defined as part of mesonephros
Obsoleted because this ontology discusses part-wise grouping classes
A tube that is part of a excretory system.
An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system.
in FMA this is part of the cardiovascular system, but here we treat the CV system as a separate component of the circulatory system from the lymphatic system
The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO].
currently this is an extremely generic class, encompassing both protostomes and deuterostomes.
Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm.
Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure.
Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm.
Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm.
A joint that connects one phalanx to another along a proximodistal axis.
Hinge joints between the phalanges of the hand or foot[ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint].
The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus)
The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region.
Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.[VSAO]
During the third week of embryological development there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. The site of their meeting remains post-embryonically as the median sulcus of the tongue. The tuberculum impar is said to form the central part of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum, but Hammar insists that it is purely a transitory structure and forms no part of the adult tongue[WP, Gray's].
The thyroid initially develops caudal to the tuberculum impar . This embryonic swelling arises from the first pharyngeal arch and occurs midline on the floor of the developing pharynx, eventually helping form the tongue as the 2 lateral lingual swellings overgrow it. [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview]
During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings (or distal tongue bud) which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line.
An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells.
consider splitting epithelium from epithelial tissue
This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO]
keep this grouping class so long as it is required for GO
The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus.
this class is the superclass of 'rectum', which is currently reserved for the vertebrate structure. May be merged in future.
the distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. hand, foot, paw)
EHDAA2 does not have a single class for footplate, but includes epithelium, mesenchyme and AER
A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm.
merged in 'head mesoderm' from XAO/AAO and EFO here. Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme
An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract.
An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells.
FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium
A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands.
we follow Kardong in treating the glandular epithelium as a distinct entity, and thus as an epithelium which has glands; FMA has 'epithelium of gastric gland', which is part of the gastric gland.
A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion.
Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA]
stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region.
stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane
The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA].
A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n
Old definition: 'Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.' Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism.
The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO].
consider FBbt:00005541 ! cardiogenic mesoderm
The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis
A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified].
note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. 'The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian'. Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis
A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3.
A pouch that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. [ISBN10:0124020607][VHOG]
Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.[AAO]
the dorsal elongation of the second pouch endoderm of all mammals, with the exception of rodents, gives rise to the epithelial lining of palatine tonsils; in rodents, the ventral portion of the second pouch appears to degenerate whereas the remaining part is incorporated into the lateral border of the pharynx; it appears that rodents no longer require tonsils as their function is carried out by the NALT (Nose/Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) system in the upper respiratory tract.
Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve
An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section.
An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells.
Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest.
head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest
mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
Of or pertaining to the period of time immediately following birth, or to the newborn.
relationship to Meckel's cartilage to be added
The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region.
The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure.
The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR].
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium.
Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO]
Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary.
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm.
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate.
Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO]
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm.
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a pronephric mesoderm.
A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans.
In mice many lobules lack islets, in contrast to other mammals including humans
A duct that is part of the pancreas and connected to the duodenum.
this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts
Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms
The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO].
this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544.
Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network.
Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO]
relationship loss: develops_from collagenous dermal stroma (TAO:0001186)[TAO]
connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis
Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo.
Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO]
Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm.
An epithelial tube that is open at one end only.
An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow.
Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix.
this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization
A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct.
Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]
In humans, Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system
Ciliated columnar epithelium in the pulmonary system is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to form a mucosal layer apical to the epithelial layer. The rowing-like action of epithelial cilia work in tandem with goblet cells to propel mucus away from the lungs, preventing particulate matter from causing infection[http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/berndcv/lab/epithelialinfoweb/ciliated%20columnar%20epithelium.html]
Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface.
A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO].
An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint.
cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis)
epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules.
A developing mesenchymal capsule that covers the developing brain and spinal cord and is the precursor of the meningeal cluster. In mammals this gives rise to the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater. In cyclostomes and fishes, the future meninx gives rise to a single meningeal layer, the primitive meninx.
decide whether to treat the endo and ecto meninx as subtypes or parts of the future meninx
the outermost mesenchymal covering of the developing brain and spinal cord that is composed of tough fibrous connective tissue from which the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater are formed[MP:0009726]d
An anatomical structure that connects two structures
functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule.
region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.
Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue.
endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP].
relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm'
Body substance in liquid state, which is derived from plasma by passage through the (intact) wall of capillaries without further processing by secretory cells or glands.
the FMA def is Transudate contained in a serous sac
Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels.
The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System].
in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system
The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae.
An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc).
An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO]
Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature.
need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO)
Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO]
Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO]
Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO]
Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts
Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue.
the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification).
Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO]
Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA]
dense regular collagenous connective tissue
typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus)
An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition].
this class includes any endothelia that are part of the heart. This might include the endocardial epithelia, as well as endothelia of vessels that are considered strictly part of the heart (e.g. outflow tract). As a grouping class, this may lack utility, and pending review this class may be obsoleted. For annotation consider a more specific class.
An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers
The epiblast cells (appearing on day 8 of human embryonic development) make up a columnar epithelium with dense microvilli on the apical surface. During gastrulation, the epiblast cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and delaminate to become the loose mesenchyme of the primitive streak. The epiblast is present in postimplantation mouse embryos between E5.5-E7.5.
A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb.
A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified].
Currently defined in a vertebrate specific manner. The arch system has origins in basal deuterostomes, consider generalizing
An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.
in mice, the hepatic diverticulum forms by E9 and expands into an obvious liver bud by E10
The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut.
The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter
The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP].
Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches
Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO]
Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO]
The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG]
The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton.
many sources define this as the part of the endoskeletal that is from pharyngeal arches - this would make it part-disjoint from dermatocranium. However, there are many bones in AOs that have part-paths to both
An external projection of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body[BTO].
Surface structure involved in locomotion.[TAO]
Surface structure involved in locomotion.[VSAO]
This class groups together various structures that may have arisen through convergent evolution, including, for example, the dorsal fin of a cetacean
The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons.
An organ part that is part of a stomach.
A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary.
typically part of the embryo - however, in male tammar wallabies the gonads are indifferent at the neonatal stage[8827321]
A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities.
A vein that is part of a craniocervical region.
consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm)
A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO].
An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction.
An endoderm that is part of a anal region.
An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction.
A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the distal interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium).
Newborn and adult mice are able to regrow forelimb (finger) and hindlimb (toe) digit tips after their amputation through the distal interphalangeal joint. Regeneration of the digit tip involves the integrated regrowth of multiple tissues within 2-3 months, reaching an external morphology that is cosmetically and functionally similar to normal digits. Most importantly, regeneration of the mouse distal digit shares morphological similarities with clinical cases documenting regrowth of missing distal portions of fingers in both children and adults
TODO - developmental relationships for lines
midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate
midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain.
Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles.
A major contributor to neurocranium [PMID:16313393]
The primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells.
The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures
decide whether to merge with cardiac mesoderm. In EHDAA2 this lasts CS12->unbounded, includes mesenchyme of individual components as parts
An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a distal phalanx to either a medial or proximal phalanx.
A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.
this class groups vertebrate nephron tubules with analagous structures such as insect Malpighian tubules
A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts.
despite its name the class EHDAA2:0004737 is not a true cavity, it corresponds to what we call the sac
The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form.
Mesenchyme that surrounds primitive urogenital sinus.
Androgen receptor (AR) activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth
An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca.
A specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop.
Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract.
A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland.
We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by gland, but we also include 'body of stomach'. In future we may want to have different partitions of the stomach
Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region
The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton
Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.[VSAO]
relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]
A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).
extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract[PMID:17276708].
In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11-14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested
in mouse has left ventricular identity[PMID:22855565]
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face.
todo - provide definition. Clearly distinguish between lobules, lobes and acinar parts of glands (see for example lobule of mammary gland)
Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia.
Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes.
While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000)
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function.
An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food
This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates
Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands.
Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa
A compound organ that has the potential to develop into a tongue.
An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior.
Organ system subdivision that consists primarily of chromaffin cells and their supporting structures.
in adult cylostomes and teleosts, the interrenal bodies are separate from chromaffin bodies
An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct.
Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis.
A structure that will develop into a diaphragm.
A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon.
A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon.
The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. manus, pes, paw)
Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers.
Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male.
An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel.
Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium.
The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye.
Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain.
Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain.
we follow ZFA in temporally dividing midbrain NT from presumptive midbrain, but in future this may be collapsed
An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure.
Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures.
Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO]
An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest.
An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest.
structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
we use 'cranial skeletal system', so that we can include the skull, which has joints/sutures as parts (recall, we follow FMA in distinguishing between the skeleton and skeletal system - only the latter includes joints)
that the cranial skeleton includes the pharyngeal arch skeleton. It is thus more inclusive that the cranium itself, and extends beyond the head in tetrapods. The AAO class called 'skull' belongs here, as it includes the whole splanchnocranium
Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO]
Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO]
Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud.
Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane.
A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa.
Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified].
consider merging with dorsal pancreatic bud. Starts at CS12 in human (EHDAA2, embryology.ch 'bud anlagen')
Starts at CS14 in human (EHDAA2) or CS13-14 (embryology.ch 'bud anlagen')
Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure.
the way this class is defined also includes extraembryonic mesenchyme such as the amniotic mesenchyme; in future this may be restricted to embryonic derivatives
The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms.
The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens.
A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels.
Pseudostratified epithelia function in secretion or absorption. If a specimen looks stratified but has cilia, then it is a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, since stratified epithelia do not have cilia.
glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous
Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile.
epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi)
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses.
An epithelial tube that is fated to become a nephron.
EHDAA2 treats this as already having a tubular structure, but in the ZFA representation this is a cluster of cells
An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin.
The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the autopodium - i.e. the bones of the digits or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified].
Subdivision of skeleton that corresponds to metapodium region, between acropodial skeleton and mesopdoial skeleton.
Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.[VSAO]
relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]
An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its accociated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc).
It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO]
Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO]
note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region)
Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle.
Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO]
note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here
pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin
Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton.
note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb
The collection of all skeletal elements in a single paired fin.
Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[VSAO]
The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle.
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO]
relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]
relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO]
A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle).
The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system.
In some primitive organisms, the meningeal cluster includes only the primitive meninx
A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg.
subdivision of organism along appendicular axis
A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of cartilage tissue.
A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of pre-cartilage tissue.
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints.
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO]
Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis.
Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints.
Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the post-cranial axial skeleton plus associated joints.
Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb.
Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters.
Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones.
The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton
primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system
A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system
A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system.
central nervous system cell part cluster
Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO]
Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.
Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO]
A bone that is part of a autopod region. Note that this incudes the carpal and tarsal bones.
compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm'
The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin.
Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO]
Proximal element of a free limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively[VSAO, modified].
Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.[VSAO]
Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium.
Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995).
consider obsoleting, coordinate with VSAO
A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions.
A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column.
Ideally this would be disjoint with analagous class for appendicular axes, but currently 'appendages' like antennae, horns cause a problem
subdivision of organism along main body axis
A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus.
A cranial nerve nucleus that is associated with a vagus nerve.
Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system.
An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart.
Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.
Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.
Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT]
typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus)
Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets
our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid.
Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT]
Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue.
An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland.
the FMA class specifically refers to ureter
Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris.
Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous.
The Epimysium also protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones
A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium.
as currently defined, this would include the cardiac antrum; however, the intent may be to exclude the cardiac glands and in mice for this to be part of the region distal to the margo plicatus
The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen.
EHDAA2 distingsuishes between the lumen, the lining, and the 'coelomic cavity', which despire it's name, is not a space - it is the aggregate of space plus lining.
The period spanning the range immediately before and after birth
In birds, the paranatal stage starts when the beak penetrates into the air pocket (air cell) between the inner and outer shell membranes
A salivary gland that is part of a cheek.
A segment of the autopod consisting of both acropodial region and metapodial region, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial region.
some sources call this the acropodium. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod
A subdivision of the autopod skeleton consisting of both acropodial skeleon and metapodial skeleton, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial skeleton.
A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region.
An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta
An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]
Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition].
One of the pair of mesenchymal swellings (folds) located on either side of the cloacal membrane during the indifferent stage of embryonic development; cranial to the cloacal membrane the folds unite to form the genital tubercle; caudally the folds are subdivided into urogenital folds anteriorly and anal folds posteriorly
We presume this is distinct from AAO:0001003, an external integumentary structure - check with amphibian anatomy ontology developers. AO notes: the text def states mesenchymal swelling, EHDAA2 splits into mesenchymal and epithelial parts
One of five swellings formed during the development of the face
Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in a single fin.
The segment of the autopod that is distal to the metapodial region and consists of the digits.
class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones
A bone that is part of a the digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the acropodial skeleton or the metapodial skeleton.
Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. Also known as hemopoietic tissue
Bone marrow in humans, kidney interstitium in Danio, within a stroma of reticuloendothelial tissue
The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth.
The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle.
skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle
cloacal epithelium (cle) (syn: cloacal endoderm) (TS17-TS20): the cloacal epithelium is derived from endoderm and lines the cloacal cavity. It is marked by Shh and Cdh1 and lines the cloacal lumen. The cloacal epithelium gives rise to the urogenital sinus epithelium, hindgut epithelium and the urethral plate epithelium.
Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart.
TODO - resolve space vs structure inconsistency; consider adding all secondary vesicles (e.g. diencephalic; my/metencephalic. See http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_4.html). Note that some sources may treat the term vesicle as the progenitor of the whole brain region; for example 'The retina develops directly from the neural tube as an outpouching from the diencephalic vesicle'
The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells.
In humans, the urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. It typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week
A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body.
FMA class may only represent the uterine portion
An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified].
A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages.
The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs.
Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424].
Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system.
A organ component layer that is part of a integumental system.
Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements.
Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart.
Groupings may vary - typically pulmonary vessels and aorta and vena cavae
Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon.
paired anteriolateral division of the embryonic prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived[MP]
Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition].
Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum.
A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory.
A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular
Chorda tendinea which is attached to the leaflet of mitral valve and is continuous with the endocardium of papillary muscle of left ventricle.
A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles).
A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature.
A phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
A limb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.
A endochondral element that is part of a autopod region.
A autopod endochondral element that is composed primarily of a cartilage tissue.
Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian.
This class is primarily to implement taxon constraints. It may be removed in the future.
A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile.
A epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye.
Subdivision of telencephalon which is one of a number of subdivisions of each hemisphere separated by both real landmarks (sulci and fissures) and arbitrary boundaries[FMA,modified].
We use the term lobe broadly as a rough regional area, encompassing homologous regions in smooth-brained mammals. We subdivide the lobes into white matter and neocortical parts.
An roughly circular indentation in a surface.
Primordium that develops into the central nervous system
Primordium that develops into the nervous system
The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism.
An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development.
A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure.
Added for consistency with MA EMAPA and EHDAA2. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/104
Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue.
NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only
An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart.
A mammalian developmental stage that covers the period from birth until weaning.
A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas.
The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid
Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO].
this is currently used to group some cellular layers that may not strictly conform to the CARO definition of cell-part layer. Consider genericisizing and introducing subtypes for cellular layer, fibrous layer and cell soma layer
Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ.
Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity.
An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system.
An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells.
A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells.
Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain
A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology.
Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state.
Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air.
the area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate
Nursing stage that follows the neonate stage in mammals and ends at weaning.
An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part.
A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary.
A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin.
resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected
A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures.
The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.
organ region with floating fiat boundary
Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system.
Any chamber of the left side of the heart
Any chamber of the right side of the heart
The primordial mouth region of the developing head.
The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdominal segment of the trunk, which encompasses the abdomen proper plus pelvic cavity.
A serous sac that is the aggregate of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity, located in the abdominal cavity.
Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes.
This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon
Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument.
This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon
A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis.
this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit.
digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of a single digit plus the associated metapodial element.
this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a 'digit', but the label 'digit' is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials.
individual digit of digitopodial skeleton
A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine.
a medical intervention that involves in adding vaccine into a host (e.g., human, mouse) in vivo with the intent to invoke an adaptive immune response.
a medical intervention site that is used for injection of a substance.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with influenza virus.
ready for release
pending final vetting
axiom holds for all times
has_specified_input
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
see is_input_of example_of_usage
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
has_specified_output
The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.
TODO - FMA treats the gland as part of the prostate - see also FMA:74119.