]> Jiangan Xie 2016-12-13 Mei Li Yongqun "Oliver" He Liwei Wang An ontology of adverse events associated with cardiovascular disease drugs. OCVDAE is a biomedical ontology of cardiovascular disease drug-associated adverse events. OCVDAE: Ontology of Cardiovascular Disease Drug Adverse Events OWL-DL Product version Vision Release; 1.0.4 BFO OWL specification label BFO OWL specification label Really of interest to developers only Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. BFO CLIF specification label BFO CLIF specification label Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) editor preferred term example of usage example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober example of usage has curation status has curation status OBI_0000281 PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition textual definition definition definition definition GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. definition editor note editor note editor note 1 IAO:0000116 editor_note editor_note uberon An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober editor note term editor definition editor term editor 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people PERSON:Daniel Schober term editor alternative term alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober alternative term definition source definition source Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober definition source formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 curator notes curator note curator note 1 IAO:0000232 curator_notes curator_notes uberon An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note imported from imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot imported from expand expression to expand assertion to elucidation elucidation has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) has associated axiom(fol) Chinese translation YH, JX a chinese translation represents a chinese translation of the existing term. adverse event outcome The AE 'cough AE' has the 'label of AE outcome' of 'cough'; 'infection AE' has the 'label of AE outcom' of 'infection'. an annotation property that represents the label of an adverse event label of adverse event outcome Yongqun Oliver He, Jiangan Hardy Xie temporal interpretation https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. never in taxon x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL. ?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y Chris Mungall tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves' taxonomic class assertion An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon. dubious_for_taxon 1 1 RO:0002174 S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. dubious_for_taxon dubious_for_taxon this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost uberon present_in_taxon 1 1 RO:0002175 S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S applicable for taxon present_in_taxon present_in_taxon uberon logical macro assertion https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ShortcutRelations An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL. logical macro assertion on a class A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL logical macro assertion on a property A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property logical macro assertion on an object property logical macro assertion on an annotation property is direct form of Chris Mungall relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' external_definition 1 An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000001 external_definition external_definition uberon axiom_lost_from_external_ontology 1 A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000002 axiom_lost_from_external_ontology axiom_lost_from_external_ontology uberon homology_notes 1 Notes on the homology status of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000003 homology_notes homology_notes uberon external_comment 1 An alternate comment for a class taken unmodified from an external source. Note that obo format only allows a single comment for a class, and does not provide a structured means of adding provenance info. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000005 external_comment external_comment uberon implements_design_pattern 1 UBPROP:0000006 implements_design_pattern implements_design_pattern uberon has_relational_adjective 1 UBPROP:0000007 Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. has_relational_adjective has_relational_adjective uberon taxon_notes 1 Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. UBPROP:0000008 taxon_notes taxon_notes uberon function_notes 1 Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000009 function_notes function_notes uberon structure_notes 1 Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000010 structure_notes structure_notes uberon development_notes 1 Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000011 development_notes development_notes uberon external_ontology_notes 1 Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000012 external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes uberon terminology_notes 1 Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000013 terminology_notes terminology_notes uberon is count of 1 UBPROP:0000100 is_count_of is_count_of uberon preceding element is 1 A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates) UBPROP:0000101 preceding_element_is preceding_element_is uberon pharyngeal arch number 1 UBPROP:0000103 gill arch N = PA N-2. the term branchial_arch is ambiguous. pharyngeal_arch_number pharyngeal_arch_number uberon x pharyngeal_arch_number N if and only if (i) x is a pharyngeal arch, and (ii) x is ancestrally pharyngeal arch number N in a series of pharyngeal arches repeated along a antero-posterior axis, with arch_number 1 being the mandibular arch. phalanx number 1 Most land mammals including humans have a 2-3-3-3-3 formula in both the hands (or paws) and feet. Primitive reptiles typically had the formula 2-3-4-4-5, and this pattern, with some modification, remained in many later reptiles and in the mammal-like reptiles. The phalangeal formula in the flippers of cetaceans (marine mammals) is 2-12-8-1 UBPROP:0000105 phalanx_number phalanx_number uberon x phalanx_number N if and only if (i) x is a phalanx, and (ii) x is phalanx number N in a series of phalanges repeated along an prixomo-distal axis, with phalanx_number 1 being the proximalmost phalanx. Note that in humans, the distalmost phalanx has phlanax_number 3, except in ray_number 1, where the distalmost has phalanx_number 2 fma_set_term 1 FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term UBPROP:0000202 fma_set_term fma_set_term uberon eco subset CUMBO developmental_classification A class that represents an early developmental structure, like a blastocyst. This part of the ontology is undergoing review to remove inappropriate grouping classes. EFO slim derived from the union of EHDAA2 and EMAPA - still to be checked functional_classification Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes A grouping class that depends on an assumption of homology between subclasses classes that have some inconsistency with FMA somewhat fuzzy grouping for analysis purposes, currently composed of something like: liver, heart, skeletal, kidney, bladder, brain, skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, trachea nose, lungs, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads abstract class brought in to group ontology classes but not informative organs, excluding individual muscles and skeletal elements Phenotype slim Uberon slim - subset that excludes obscure terms and deep compositional terms abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis core classes typically found across vertebrates. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new vertebrate AO contributor 1 dc-contributor dc-contributor uberon Source Source subset_property has_alternative_id has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_related_synonym in_subset in_subset shorthand label depicted_by 1 foaf-depicted_by foaf-depicted_by uberon CI_ChemClass C26 CI_MoA C30 CI_PE C22 CI_with C36 has_Chemical_Structure C79 has_DoseForm C44 has_Ingredient C24 has_MoA C28 has_PE C20 has_PK C32 induces C40 may_diagnose C42 may_prevent C38 may_treat C34 site_of_metabolism C50 part of part of BFO:0000050 part_of part_of uberon Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime a core relation that holds between a part and its whole http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) part_of this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) has part has part BFO:0000051 has_part has_part uberon Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has part has_part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) preceded_by preceded by BFO:0000062 X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) is preceded by preceded_by preceded_by takes place after uberon An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by is preceded by preceded by preceded_by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes precedes BFO:0000063 precedes precedes uberon precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. occurs in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs in occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in contains process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t site of anterior_to 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 anterior_to anterior_to cjm uberon x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer distal_to BSPO:0000097 distal_to distal_to uberon x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). dorsal_to BSPO:0000098 dorsal_to dorsal_to uberon x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). posterior_to BSPO:0000099 caudal_to posterior_to posterior_to uberon x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. proximal_to BSPO:0000100 proximal_to proximal_to uberon x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. ventral_to BSPO:0000102 uberon ventral_to ventral_to x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). deep_to BSPO:0000107 Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. deep_to deep_to uberon superficial_to BSPO:0000108 Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. superficial_to superficial_to uberon in_left_side_of BSPO:0000120 X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_left_side_of in_left_side_of uberon in_right_side_of BSPO:0000121 X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_right_side_of in_right_side_of uberon in_anterior_side_of BSPO:0000123 X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of uberon in_proximal_side_of BSPO:0000124 X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of uberon in_distal_side_of BSPO:0000125 X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of uberon in_lateral_side_of BSPO:0000126 X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of uberon proximalmost_part_of BSPO:0001106 X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of uberon distalmost_part_of BSPO:0001108 X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of uberon is evidence of This represents a relation between two adverse events AE1 and AE2. However, AE1 may be an evidence of another adverse event AE3, and a dfferent adverse event AE4 may also be an evidence of the same AE2. SS, YH, YL An electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE is_evidence_of arrhythmia AE; arrhythmia AE is_evidence_of cardiomyopathy AE; fever AE is_evidence_of inflammation AE; fever AE is_evidence_of viral infection AE; plural effusion AE is_evidence_of cardiac disorder AE. has participant quality an object property that represents a relation between a process and a quality, in which the process has a participant that has the quality. An adverse event has a participant quality, such as a hyperkalemia AE has a participatn quality blood potassium increased. Yongqun He adverse event occurs in a 'occurs in' relation that is applied at the adverse event setting and indicates where an adverse event occurs in. Yongqun He has participant undergoing Yongqun He A shortcut relation that represents the full path of ‘has participant’ some participant that ‘participates in’ some process. drug associated with AE An object property that represents a relation between a drug (domain) and its associated adverse event (AE) (range). Liwei Wang, Yongqun He location_of RO:0001015 location_of location_of uberon located_in RO:0001025 located_in located_in uberon has boundary RO:0002002 has_boundary has_boundary uberon innervated_by FMA:85999 RO:0002005 dbprop:nerve http://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/issues/detail?id=6 innervated_by innervated_by nerve supply uberon bounding layer of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. RO:0002007 bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of uberon before or simultaneous with <= David Osumi-Sutherland Primitive instance level timing relation between events simultaneous_with simultaneous with RO:0002082 Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. coincides_with is_equal_to simultaneous_with simultaneous_with uberon David Osumi-Sutherland t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) immediately_preceded_by immediately preceded by A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. RO:0002087 X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) directly preceded by immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of uberon starts_at_end_of David Osumi-Sutherland X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes ends_at_start_of meets David Osumi-Sutherland X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) starts during David Osumi-Sutherland X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) io happens during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) d during David Osumi-Sutherland ends during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). overlaps http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y innervates RO:0002134 http://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/issues/detail?id=6 innervates innervates uberon continuous_with RO:0002150 continuous_with continuous_with uberon homologous_to RO:0002158 homologous_to homologous_to uberon connected to Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. Connection does not imply overlaps. RO:0002170 connected_to connected_to uberon connects Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. RO:0002176 connects connects this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) uberon supplies FMA:86003 RO:0002178 arterial supply of relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood. source: FMA supplies supplies uberon develops_from RO:0002202 develops_from develops_from uberon develops_into RO:0002203 develops_into develops_into uberon surrounded_by RO:0002219 surrounded_by surrounded_by uberon x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y adjacent_to RO:0002220 adjacent_to adjacent_to uberon x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary surrounds RO:0002221 inverse of surrounded_by surrounds surrounds uberon temporally related to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. starts RO:0002223 Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. starts starts uberon starts with starts with RO:0002224 starts_with starts_with uberon started by x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor Chris Mungall ends RO:0002229 Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. ends ends finishes uberon ends with ends with RO:0002230 ends_with ends_with uberon Chris Mungall finished by x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. has developmental contribution from RO:0002254 has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from uberon developmentally_induced_by RO:0002256 developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. uberon developmentally preceded by RO:0002258 developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by uberon developmentally_replaces RO:0002285 developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces uberon mereotopologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships has member RO:0002351 has_member has_member uberon branching_part_of FMA:85994 RO:0002380 branching_part_of branching_part_of uberon we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve has potential to developmentally contribute to RO:0002385 has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to uberon x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to develop into RO:0002387 has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into uberon x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y contributes to morphology of RO:0002433 contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of uberon composed primarily of RO:0002473 UBREL:0000002 composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of uberon x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y existence starts during BFO:0000068 RO:0002488 Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. begins_to_exist_during existence_starts_during existence_starts_during uberon existence starts with RO:0002489 Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. existence_starts_with existence_starts_with uberon existence ends during BFO:0000069 RO:0002492 Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. ceases_to_exist_during existence_ends_during existence_ends_during uberon existence ends with RO:0002493 Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. existence_ends_with existence_ends_with uberon transformation of RO:0002494 transformation_of transformation_of transforms from uberon immediate transformation of RO:0002495 direct_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediately transforms from uberon existence starts during or after RO:0002496 existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after uberon existence ends during or before RO:0002497 existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before uberon has material contribution from RO:0002507 has_material_contribution_from has_material_contribution_from uberon has skeleton A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. RO:0002551 has sekeletal support has supporting framework has_skeleton has_skeleton uberon has_branching_part RO:0002569 has_branching_part has_branching_part uberon luminal space of RO:0002572 luminal_space_of luminal_space_of uberon skeleton of RO:0002576 skeleton_of skeleton_of uberon produces RO:0003000 produces produces uberon produced_by RO:0003001 produced_by produced_by uberon anteriorly connected to anteriorly_connected_to uberon x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. channel for carries channel_for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into uberon conduit for conduit_for uberon x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. distally connected to distally_connected_to uberon x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. evolved_from Status: experimental evolved_from uberon existence starts and ends during existence_starts_and_ends_during uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into uberon in_central_side_of X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_central_side_of uberon posteriorly connected to posteriorly_connected_to uberon x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. protects protects uberon proximally connected to proximally_connected_to uberon x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. subdivision of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision_of uberon transitively anteriorly connected to . transitively_anteriorly_connected_to uberon transitively_connected to transitively_connected_to uberon transitively distally connected to . transitively_distally_connected_to uberon transitively proximally connected to . transitively_proximally_connected_to uberon Ingredient Ingredient Strength Packaged Product VA Class VA Product Pharmaceutical Preparations C0013227 N0000000001 3683 Pharmaceutical Preparations C176 Chemical Ingredients [Chemical/Ingredient] C0085993 C178 N0000000002 991181 Chemical Ingredients Clinical Kinetics [PK] Clinical Kinetics C180 1030853 C1373163 N0000000003 Diseases, Manifestations or Physiologic States [Disease/Finding] N0000000004 Diseases, Manifestations or Physiologic States 989348 C182 C1373233 Mental Disorders and Manifestations [Disease/Finding] N0000000006 Mental Disorders and Manifestations 984721 C2916796 C190 Infectious Diseases [Disease/Finding] 40733004 N0000000007 C192 190563008 189822004 Infectious Diseases 191415002 C0009450 1023583 Elimination [PK] C222 Elimination 986944 C0221102 N0000000022 Metabolism [PK] N0000000023 C0025519 1023904 Metabolism C224 Site of Metabolism [PK] C1373176 988808 C226 N0000000024 Site of Metabolism Intestinal Metabolism [PK] C228 988640 C1373177 N0000000025 Intestinal Metabolism Hepatic Metabolism [PK] C230 984512 N0000000026 Hepatic Metabolism C1373178 Route of Excretion [PK] C260 Route of Excretion N0000000041 C1373186 987962 Renal Excretion [PK] Renal Excretion N0000000042 C1373187 986666 C262 Physiochemical Activity [MoA] Physiochemical Activity N0000000065 989958 C308 C1372991 Small Ion Transport Pump Interactions [MoA] 986087 N0000000066 C310 Small Ion Transport Pump Interactions C1373107 Calcium Channel Antagonists [MoA] 986242 D002121 Calcium Channel Blockers C2757014 N0000000069 Calcium Channel Antagonists C316 Calcium Channel Blocker Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists [MoA] 984935 C318 N0000000070 Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers C2757003 Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists Active Transporter Interactions [MoA] Active Transporter Interactions 1031287 C322 N0000000072 C1373104 Protease Inhibitors [MoA] Protease Inhibitors N0000000076 992709 Protease Inhibitors C330 C2756997 D011480 Receptor Interactions [MoA] C1372999 C348 Receptor Interactions 988560 N0000000085 Adrenergic Antagonists [MoA] C2757018 993129 Adrenergic Antagonists Adrenergic Antagonists N0000000092 D018674 C362 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [MoA] 1023426 N0000000099 alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists C2756989 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists Alpha-adrenergic Blocker D000317 C376 Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors [MoA] 989028 Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors C2757023 C382 D018759 Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors N0000000102 Neurotransmitter Transporter Interactions [MoA] Neurotransmitter Transporter Interactions C1373006 N0000000105 C388 985066 Dopamine Agonists [MoA] D018491 N0000000117 C2757007 992714 C412 Dopaminergic Agonist Dopamine Agonists Dopamine Agonists Nitric Oxide Donors [MoA] N0000000120 Nitric Oxide Donors 993165 D020030 C2756994 Nitric Oxide Donors C418 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors [MoA] D019161 993150 C2756999 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C420 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors N0000000121 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Adrenergic Agonists [MoA] 1029285 C422 Adrenergic Agonists C2757025 N0000000122 Adrenergic Agonists D000322 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors [MoA] N0000000128 D010726 C1656262 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 993167 C434 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Serotonin Antagonists [MoA] D012702 N0000000130 C2757052 C438 993156 Serotonin Antagonists Serotonin Antagonists Enzyme Inhibitors [MoA] C444 D004791 N0000000133 Enzyme Inhibitors C2756995 Enzyme Inhibitors 1032544 Calcium Channel Interactions [MoA] C458 C1373020 990245 N0000000140 Calcium Channel Interactions Biological Macromolecular Activity [MoA] N0000000142 Biological Macromolecular Activity 988641 C2267218 C462 G-Protein-linked Receptor Interactions [MoA] 984725 C482 G-Protein-linked Receptor Interactions C2916797 G-Protein-linked Receptor-Effector Interactions N0000000152 Adrenergic Receptor Interactions [MoA] 987972 Adrenergic Receptor Interactions C1373072 C484 N0000000153 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [MoA] C2756982 D016861 992710 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors N0000000160 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C498 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA] D000319 993131 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Beta-adrenergic Receptor Inhibitor C500 beta-Adrenergic Antagonists N0000000161 C2757061 beta-Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitor beta-Adrenergic Blocker Beta-adrenergic Blocker Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Enzyme Interactions [MoA] Enzyme Interactions N0000000163 C504 C1373066 988200 Sodium Channel Interactions [MoA] Sodium Channel Interactions C538 987802 C1373055 N0000000180 Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors [MoA] C540 N0000000181 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor 992731 D000806 C2757044 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors [MoA] N0000000184 992698 D008996 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors C2756978 C546 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors MAOI Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors [MoA] N0000000187 C552 C1373051 Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors 441742 Ion Channel Interactions [MoA] N0000000193 C1373047 988382 Ion Channel Interactions C564 Serotonin Receptor Interactions [MoA] Serotonin Receptor Interactions N0000000198 988082 C574 C1373043 Dopamine Receptor Interactions [MoA] N0000000203 C584 C1373039 985948 Dopamine Receptor Interactions Adrenergic alpha-Agonists [MoA] Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists alpha-Adrenergic Agonists C2757042 1029039 N0000000209 D000316 C596 Potassium Channel Interactions [MoA] C600 N0000000211 C1373036 989960 Potassium Channel Interactions Cellular or Molecular Interactions [MoA] 986459 N0000000223 C1373094 Cellular or Molecular Interactions C624 Structural Macromolecules [MoA] C1373089 Structural Macromolecules C634 N0000000228 984803 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] C644 N0000000233 993166 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C2757009 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D019384 Norepinephrine Transporter Interactions [MoA] N0000000234 988817 C2267223 C646 Norepinephrine Transporter Interactions Na-K ATPases Interactions [MoA] 987976 Na-K ATPases Interactions N0000000238 C1373085 C654 Adrenergic beta-Agonists [MoA] N0000000245 C2757043 C668 Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists D000318 beta-Adrenergic Agonists 992727 Congenital Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] 276654001 Defects, Congenital 276655000 1021840 Congenital Defects Deformities Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero. N0000000264 D000013 Birth Defects M0000013 Congenital Abnormalities Congenital Abnormalities C0000768 C706 276720006 Abnormalities, Congenital Abortion, Spontaneous [Disease/Finding] Spontaneous Abortion 1026142 Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference. N0000000268 M0000024 Miscarriage Abortion, Spontaneous 17369002 C0000786 Abortion, Spontaneous C714 D000022 198631006 Abortion, Threatened [Disease/Finding] C724 984611 D000033 C0000821 Abortion, Threatened Abortion, Threatened N0000000273 198882006 UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE. 54048003 M0000052 Adams-Stokes Syndrome [Disease/Finding] Adam-Stokes Attacks A condition of fainting spells caused by heart block, often an atrioventricular block, that leads to BRADYCARDIA and drop in CARDIAC OUTPUT. When the cardiac output becomes too low, the patient faints (SYNCOPE). In some cases, the syncope attacks are transient and in others cases repetitive and persistent. 1024009 N0000000304 46935006 Adams-Stokes Syndrome Stokes-Adams Syndrome M0000337 C786 C0001396 Stokes-Adams Attacks D000219 Adams-Stokes Syndrome 13620007 271547004 Adrenal Gland Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0001621 N0000000324 D000307 1025795 Adrenal Gland Diseases C826 30171000 Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS. M0000482 Adrenal Gland Diseases Adrenocortical Hyperfunction [Disease/Finding] Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM. C828 275437005 D000308 Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Hyperadrenocorticism Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction N0000000325 1022833 M0000483 Hyperadrenalism Adrenocortical Hyperfunction C0001622 47270006 Hypercorticism Alopecia [Disease/Finding] 267810004 N0000000358 56317004 D000505 Baldness C0002170 1022277 Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. Alopecia Alopecia C894 M0000757 Amyloidosis [Disease/Finding] N0000000375 A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. C928 Amyloidosis M0001053 1024175 Amyloidosis 17602002 C0002726 D000686 Anemia [Disease/Finding] Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. 1024481 M0001119 271737000 267531008 C946 D000740 C0002871 N0000000384 Anemia Aneurysm [Disease/Finding] C984 1023034 N0000000403 Aneurysm Aneurysm C0002940 D000783 M0001174 195292009 Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics. Angina Pectoris [Disease/Finding] M0001180 194828000 C990 D000787 Stenocardia C0002962 Angina Pectoris Angina Pectoris Angor Pectoris N0000000406 1022730 The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. Angina Pectoris, Variant [Disease/Finding] 87343002 C992 Angina Pectoris, Variant Prinzmetal's Angina D000788 C0002963 M0001181 Angina Pectoris, Variant N0000000407 Prinzmetal Angina 1026917 A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity. Angina, Unstable [Disease/Finding] C994 Angina, Unstable 1021853 Angina at Rest Angina, Unstable 25106000 Unstable Angina N0000000408 Angina, Preinfarction M0001182 D000789 64333001 Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. C0002965 Angina Pectoris, Unstable Angioedema [Disease/Finding] C0002994 Quincke's Edema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx. Urticaria, Giant 1022344 C1008 N0000000415 Angioedema M0001197 Angioedema 400075008 41291007 D000799 Angioneurotic Edema Anuria [Disease/Finding] 1023563 C0003460 Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present. M0001524 N0000000431 C1040 Anuria Anuria D001002 2472002 Anus Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0003462 N0000000432 1023545 Anus Diseases Anus Diseases C1042 32110003 M0001528 D001004 Aortic Aneurysm [Disease/Finding] 67362008 1023728 Aortic Aneurysm D001014 M0001545 C0003486 Aortic Aneurysm N0000000437 C1052 Aneurysm, Aortic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA. Aortic Coarctation [Disease/Finding] A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion. Coarctation of the Aorta Aortic Coarctation D001017 M0001549 1024518 Coarctation of Aorta C1056 Aortic Coarctation 7305005 N0000000439 C0003492 Aortic Diseases [Disease/Finding] 47040006 D001018 Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA. C1058 M0001550 Aortic Diseases C0003493 N0000000440 1026389 Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular [Disease/Finding] Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular Aortic Subvalvular Stenosis Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular C1062 Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis N0000000442 A pathological constriction occurring in the region below the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. C0003500 M0001552 1025918 D001020 Aortic Valve Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] D001022 Aortic Valve Incompetence M0001554 Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root). 60234000 Aortic Incompetence N0000000443 Aortic Valve Insufficiency C1064 1022261 Aortic Regurgitation Aortic Valve Insufficiency C0003504 Regurgitation, Aortic Valve Aortic Valve Stenosis [Disease/Finding] C0003507 Aortic Stenosis Aortic Valve Stenosis 1021926 M0001557 D001024 A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. 60573004 Aortic Valve Stenosis C1068 N0000000445 Arrhythmias, Cardiac [Disease/Finding] Arrhythmia Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. 1023395 C1116 Cardiac Arrhythmias Arrythmia N0000000469 Arrhythmias, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Cardiac M0001715 Cardiac Dysrhythmia C0003811 195107004 Cardiac Arrhythmia D001145 Arrhythmia, Sinus [Disease/Finding] Arrhythmia, Sinus 71792006 1025764 Sinus Arrhythmia Arrhythmia, Sinus N0000000470 Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial Sinoatrial Arrhythmia D001146 M0001716 C1118 C0003813 Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds. Arterial Occlusive Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0001730 C1120 N0000000471 1025357 Arterial Obstructive Diseases Arterial Occlusive Diseases C0003838 Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. Arterial Occlusive Diseases 2929001 D001157 Arteriosclerosis [Disease/Finding] M0001734 C0003850 Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. 72092001 1021767 Arteriosclerosis D001161 Arteriosclerosis N0000000473 C1124 Arteriovenous Malformations [Disease/Finding] Arteriovenous Malformations D001165 Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas. N0000000476 Arteriovenous Malformations 234141001 1024131 C1130 M0001738 C0003857 Arthritis [Disease/Finding] Arthritis Arthritis D001168 C0003864 C1134 M0001741 1023652 N0000000478 3723001 Arthritis, Rheumatoid [Disease/Finding] M0001750 C1142 69896004 D001172 N0000000482 Rheumatoid Arthritis Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid 1023050 A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. C0003873 Asthma [Disease/Finding] C0004096 A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). 1023235 Bronchial Asthma M0001885 195979001 N0000000498 Asthma 195967001 Asthma, Bronchial C1174 D001249 Asthma Atrial Fibrillation [Disease/Finding] N0000000507 C0004238 M0001926 C1192 Atrial Fibrillation D001281 1023706 Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. Auricular Fibrillation Atrial Fibrillation 49436004 Atrial Flutter [Disease/Finding] 5370000 C1194 Auricular Flutter M0001927 Atrial Flutter C0004239 985206 Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). Atrial Flutter N0000000508 D001282 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity [Disease/Finding] Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Hyperkinetic Syndrome 1023721 C1263846 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 31177006 7461003 Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder C1198 D001289 A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-IV) Attention Deficit Disorders with Hyperactivity N0000000510 406506008 M0001943 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Autoimmune Diseases [Disease/Finding] Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. 1026092 Autoimmune Diseases D001327 M0001989 C1206 Autoimmune Disease Autoimmune Diseases N0000000514 85828009 C0004364 Bacterial Infections and Mycoses [Disease/Finding] Infections caused by bacteria and fungi, general, specified, or unspecified. Bacterial Infections and Mycoses N0000000523 C0004615 D001423 986958 M0002125 C1224 Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Bacterial Infections [Disease/Finding] N0000000524 D001424 Bacterial Infections 186335000 Infection, Bacterial Bacterial Infections C0004623 M0002126 301811001 Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. Infections, Bacterial 87628006 1022614 C1226 Bacterial Infection Bartter Syndrome [Disease/Finding] D001477 N0000000534 Bartter's Disease C0004775 71275003 M0002194 Bartter Disease 1025612 Bartter Syndrome Bartter Syndrome C1246 Bartter's Syndrome A group of disorders caused by defective salt reabsorption in the ascending LOOP OF HENLE. It is characterized by severe salt-wasting, HYPOKALEMIA; HYPERCALCIURIA; metabolic ALKALOSIS, and hyper-reninemic HYPERALDOSTERONISM without HYPERTENSION. There are several subtypes including ones due to mutations in the renal specific SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. Basal Ganglia Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1030459 Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Basal Ganglia Disorders C1250 70835005 Basal Ganglia Diseases C0004782 N0000000536 Basal Ganglia Diseases D001480 M0002198 Mental Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1022308 M0002289 C1254 N0000000538 Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. C0004936 74732009 Mental Disorders D001523 Mental Disorders Bile Duct Diseases [Disease/Finding] C1266 Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT. M0002478 985587 C0005395 118926004 N0000000544 D001649 Bile Duct Diseases Bile Duct Diseases Cholestasis, Extrahepatic [Disease/Finding] Impairment of bile flow in the large BILE DUCTS by mechanical obstruction or stricture due to benign or malignant processes. 984547 8262006 Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic C1270 Cholestasis, Extrahepatic D001651 Biliary Stasis, Extrahepatic C0005398 Extrahepatic Cholestasis Cholestasis, Extrahepatic M0002480 N0000000546 Biliary Tract Diseases [Disease/Finding] 105997008 C0005424 D001660 M0002491 984740 Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. Biliary Tract Diseases Biliary Tract Diseases N0000000551 C1280 Blood Coagulation Disorders [Disease/Finding] Disorders, Blood Coagulation D001778 64779008 C0005779 N0000000575 Coagulation Disorders, Blood Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. M0002683 362970003 1022276 Blood Coagulation Disorders C1328 Blood Platelet Disorders [Disease/Finding] Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function. 1025348 C1332 D001791 Blood Platelet Disorders Blood Platelet Disorders 22716005 Thrombocytopathy N0000000577 M0002703 C0005818 Body Temperature Changes [Disease/Finding] 1027280 N0000000581 C0005904 D001832 Body Temperature Changes C1340 M0002753 Body Temperature Changes Significant alterations in temperature of the human body, above or below 98.6 degrees F. or 37 degrees C. when taken orally. Bradycardia [Disease/Finding] C0428977 N0000000600 Bradycardia C1378 D001919 Bradyarrhythmia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK. 1025503 Bradycardia Bradyarrhythmias 48867003 M0002863 Brain Diseases [Disease/Finding] D001927 Central Nervous System Disorders, Intracranial Central Nervous System Intracranial Disorders N0000000605 CNS Disorders, Intracranial Brain Diseases Encephalon Diseases C1388 81308009 Intracranial CNS Disorders 986258 Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. Brain Disorders C0006111 Brain Diseases M0002874 Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders Brain Injuries [Disease/Finding] Brain Injuries D001930 M0002878 2470005 Injuries, Brain C0270611 C1394 N0000000608 Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. 1024106 Bronchial Diseases [Disease/Finding] D001982 Bronchial Diseases Bronchial Diseases 41427001 C1406 M0002963 1024394 N0000000614 C0006261 Bronchial Spasm [Disease/Finding] 4386001 C1412 Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi. C0006266 Bronchial Spasm N0000000617 D001986 Bronchospasm M0002967 1024176 Bronchial Spasm Bundle-Branch Block [Disease/Finding] 1022539 195048003 M0003027 6374002 D002037 A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles. Bundle-Branch Block Bundle-Branch Block C1440 C0006384 Bundle Branch Block N0000000631 Burns [Disease/Finding] Burns Burns C1448 M0003064 Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. 1021829 C0006434 212129000 D002056 N0000000635 125666000 Cardiac Output, Low [Disease/Finding] D002303 86318000 Low Cardiac Output C0007166 Cardiac Output, Low N0000000683 C1544 M0003453 1024618 Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities. Cardiomyopathy, Dilated [Disease/Finding] A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein. Cardiomyopathy, Congestive M0003463 C0007193 C1550 D002311 195021004 Cardiomyopathy, Dilated Dilated Cardiomyopathy 1023271 399020009 Cardiomyopathy, Dilated N0000000686 Congestive Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic [Disease/Finding] D002312 N0000000687 45227007 233873004 A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY). C1552 C0007194 1024263 Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive M0003464 Cardiovascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] 49601007 1022075 105980002 Cardiovascular Diseases N0000000689 M0003473 C0007222 Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. C1556 Cardiovascular Diseases D002318 Central Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] D002493 C1596 Central Nervous System Disorders M0003805 23853001 Central Nervous System Diseases N0000000709 Central Nervous System Diseases CNS Diseases 1023588 C0007682 Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. Cerebral Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] C1620 274100004 M0003884 73020009 Hemorrhage, Cerebrum D002543 C2937358 Cerebral Hemorrhage Intracerebral Hemorrhage Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhage 1103691 Hemorrhage, Cerebral Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. 1508000 Cerebral Hemorrhage N0000000721 Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral Cerebral Infarction [Disease/Finding] C0007785 D002544 C1622 266256009 1025113 Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). N0000000722 Cerebral Infarction Infarction, Cerebral M0003885 Brain Ischemia [Disease/Finding] D002545 N0000000723 Encephalopathy, Ischemic C0007786 C1624 Brain Ischemia 389100007 Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. 1023203 Brain Ischemia Ischemic Encephalopathy M0003886 Ischemic Attack, Transient [Disease/Finding] Brain TIA Ischemic Attack, Transient TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) C0007787 N0000000724 Transient Ischemic Attack C1626 1023504 266257000 M0003887 313242003 Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) Ischemic Attack, Transient D002546 Cerebrovascular Disorders [Disease/Finding] Intracranial Vascular Disorders 1022010 C1638 N0000000730 Cerebrovascular Disorders C0007820 Vascular Diseases, Intracranial Cerebrovascular Disorders D002561 A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES; or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. M0003914 Brain Vascular Disorders 62914000 Chest Pain [Disease/Finding] D002637 N0000000746 Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. M0004035 C0008031 1024345 Chest Pain Chest Pain C1670 29857009 Cholestasis [Disease/Finding] 197446008 Bile Duct Obstruction Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). 30144000 C1702 1023457 Cholestasis C0008370 N0000000762 Biliary Stasis D002779 M0004258 Cholestasis Cholestasis, Intrahepatic [Disease/Finding] N0000000763 Biliary Stasis, Intrahepatic D002780 4637005 M0004262 C1704 1028249 Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic Cholestasis, Intrahepatic C0008372 Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). Intrahepatic Cholestasis Clostridium Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. D003015 Clostridium Infections N0000000796 Clostridium Infections M0004637 56688005 989684 C1770 C0009062 Infections, Clostridium Cluster Headache [Disease/Finding] Histamine Cephalgia Cluster Headache Cluster Headache Ciliary Neuralgia 1022422 Horton's Syndrome C1774 C0009088 Cluster Headache Syndrome Headache, Cluster A primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral PAIN which is orbital, supraorbital, temporal or in any combination of these sites, lasting 15-180 min. occurring 1 to 8 times a day. The attacks are associated with one or more of the following, all of which are ipsilateral: conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial SWEATING, eyelid EDEMA, and miosis. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) 193947008 193031009 D003027 N0000000798 Horton Syndrome 230473009 Chronic Cluster Headache Neuralgic Migraine M0004652 Colic [Disease/Finding] C0232488 1022885 M0004742 A clinical syndrome with intermittent abdominal pain characterized by sudden onset and cessation. It is usually associated with obstruction of the INTESTINES; of the CYSTIC DUCT; or of the URINARY TRACT. 73063007 Colic N0000000805 Colic Colicky Pain C1788 D003085 9991008 Colitis [Disease/Finding] D003092 Colitis Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. C1790 1024342 N0000000806 M0004770 C0009319 64226004 Colitis, Ulcerative [Disease/Finding] Colitis, Ulcerative Colitis, Ulcerative D003093 C0009324 1025158 64766004 M0004771 N0000000807 Ulcerative Colitis C1792 Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. Colonic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). D003108 M0004814 Colonic Diseases Colonic Diseases C0009373 1025915 C1800 N0000000811 128524007 Connective Tissue Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0005027 C0009782 C1856 D003240 Connective Tissue Diseases 105969002 N0000000839 A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. 986518 Connective Tissue Diseases Consciousness Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0009792 M0005031 Organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. Dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres or brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION may result in this condition. 1031236 N0000000840 Consciousness Disorders Consciousness Disorders C1858 D003244 Coronary Artery Disease [Disease/Finding] 53741008 C1890 Coronary Artery Disease 414024009 C1956346 Coronary Artery Disease N0000000856 M0502868 1103697 Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. D003324 Coronary Disease [Disease/Finding] Coronary Heart Disease 1022922 C1892 53741008 N0000000857 An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. Coronary Disease M0005191 C0010068 Coronary Disease D003327 Coronary Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] D003328 1025738 Coronary Thrombosis N0000000858 M0005194 398274000 Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Coronary Thrombosis C0010072 C1894 Thrombosis, Coronary Cyanosis [Disease/Finding] Cyanosis D003490 M0005442 119419001 Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. C0010520 C1948 N0000000885 1023027 3415004 Deglutition Disorders [Disease/Finding] Deglutition Disorders 1023938 M0005756 C1998 Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. 40739000 N0000000910 D003680 Dysphagia C0011168 Swallowing Disorders Depressive Disorder [Disease/Finding] D003866 C0011581 Depressive Disorder Depressive Disorder 35489007 1026289 C2054 N0000000938 An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. M0006033 Neurosis, Depressive Dermatitis [Disease/Finding] C2056 1023378 182782007 Dermatitis M0006046 C0011603 Any inflammation of the skin. D003872 Dermatitis N0000000939 Dermatitis Herpetiformis [Disease/Finding] C2060 1026352 Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Dermatitis Herpetiformis Dermatitis Herpetiformis N0000000941 Duhring's Disease 111196000 M0006048 Duhring Disease D003874 C0011608 Diabetes Mellitus [Disease/Finding] M0006148 73211009 D003920 C0011849 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. 990753 C2078 N0000000950 Diabetic Nephropathies [Disease/Finding] M0006160 C2092 D003928 KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. Diabetic Kidney Disease N0000000957 197605007 Diabetic Nephropathy 54181000 127013003 C0011881 21858001 Diabetic Nephropathies 1021799 Diabetic Nephropathies Diabetic Neuropathies [Disease/Finding] M0006162 C0011882 230572002 N0000000958 Diabetic Neuropathies Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) C2094 267382005 1027333 D003929 Diarrhea [Disease/Finding] C0011991 Diarrhea D003967 267060006 N0000000963 1022243 C2104 62315008 An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. M0006212 Diarrhea 398032003 Digestive System Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000000973 C0012242 Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). M0006374 1023342 C2124 D004066 53619000 Digestive System Diseases Drug Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] D004342 Drug Allergy Drug Hypersensitivity 416093006 Drug Hypersensitivity 416098002 C0013182 M0006829 Hypersensitivity, Drug Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. Allergy, Drug C2176 1024684 N0000000999 Drug Toxicity [Disease/Finding] 7895008 N0000001000 Drug Toxicity D004362 C0013221 Manifestations of the adverse effects of drugs administered therapeutically or in the course of diagnostic techniques. It does not include accidental or intentional poisoning for which specific headings are available. C2178 1022029 M0006855 Toxicity, Drug Drug Toxicity Duodenal Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000001005 Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). C0013289 D004378 M0006881 1022796 C2188 Duodenal Diseases Duodenal Diseases 52182008 Dysmenorrhea [Disease/Finding] Dysmenorrhea C2228 M0006924 Menstruation, Painful N0000001025 C0013390 Painful menstruation. 266599000 Pain, Menstrual 986315 D004412 Dysmenorrhea Eclampsia [Disease/Finding] C0013537 15938005 Eclampsia Eclampsia C2272 N0000001047 Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA). 1025094 198989003 D004461 M0006985 Edema [Disease/Finding] C2292 M0007051 1022374 Edema 79654002 Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. Dropsy 20741006 N0000001057 D004487 C0013604 Hydrops Embolism [Disease/Finding] Embolism Embolism D004617 414086009 M0007248 C2312 C0013922 N0000001067 1025482 Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream. Endocrine System Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000001099 Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES. 362969004 Endocrine Diseases D004700 Endocrine System Diseases M0007396 Diseases of Endocrine System C2376 Endocrine System Diseases 1022080 C0014130 Enterocolitis [Disease/Finding] M0007478 1025705 Enterocolitis C0014356 C2396 Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses. N0000001109 D004760 43752006 Enterocolitis Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous [Disease/Finding] C0014358 C2398 Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous 1025680 D004761 N0000001110 M0007479 397683000 An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization. Epidermolysis Bullosa [Disease/Finding] Epidermolysis Bullosa C2424 D004820 Epidermolysis Bullosa N0000001123 61003004 1025920 M0007557 C0014527 Acantholysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties. Epilepsy [Disease/Finding] Seizure Disorder Epilepsy C0014544 M0007564 Epilepsy 1021750 128613002 D004827 84757009 C2430 N0000001126 Seizures, Epileptic Epileptic Seizures A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) Epilepsies, Partial [Disease/Finding] Epilepsy, Localization-Related M0007566 C2432 Partial Epilepsy Focal Seizure Disorder 230381009 C0014547 Seizure Disorder, Focal 1024007 N0000001127 Partial Seizure Disorder Epilepsies, Partial D004828 Seizure Disorder, Partial Epilepsy, Partial Epilepsy, Focal Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) Epilepsies, Partial Epilepsy, Generalized [Disease/Finding] Epilepsy, Generalized N0000001128 Epilepsy, Generalized 19598007 1024495 M0007570 C0014548 Seizure Disorder, Generalized Recurrent conditions characterized by epileptic seizures which arise diffusely and simultaneously from both hemispheres of the brain. Classification is generally based upon motor manifestations of the seizure (e.g., convulsive, nonconvulsive, akinetic, atonic, etc.) or etiology (e.g., idiopathic, cryptogenic, and symptomatic). (From Mayo Clin Proc, 1996 Apr;71(4):405-14) C2434 D004829 Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic [Disease/Finding] Epilepsy, Grand Mal N0000001129 Tonic-Clonic Seizure Disorder Major Motor Seizure Disorder Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic 1022827 Seizure Disorder, Grand Mal Tonic-Clonic Convulsion Disorder Epilepsy, Major Tonic-Clonic Convulsion Syndrome C0014549 M0007573 A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) Tonic-Clonic Seizure Syndrome 352818000 Tonic Clonic Convulsions D004830 Seizure Disorder, Tonic Clonic Convulsions, Grand Mal Grand Mal Seizure Disorder Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic C2436 Seizure Disorder, Major Motor Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe [Disease/Finding] 1024058 C0014556 C2442 193000002 N0000001132 Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe D004833 Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe M0007578 A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321) Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic [Disease/Finding] 1022785 N0000001133 75023009 C0014557 C2444 M0007580 D004834 Post-Traumatic Seizure Disorder Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic Recurrent seizures causally related to CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Seizure onset may be immediate but is typically delayed for several days after the injury and may not occur for up to two years. The majority of seizures have a focal onset that correlates clinically with the site of brain injury. Cerebral cortex injuries caused by a penetrating foreign object (CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, PENETRATING) are more likely than closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED) to be associated with epilepsy. Concussive convulsions are nonepileptic phenomena that occur immediately after head injury and are characterized by tonic and clonic movements. (From Rev Neurol 1998 Feb;26(150):256-261; Sports Med 1998 Feb;25(2):131-6) Seizure Disorder, Post-Traumatic Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic Epilepsy, Traumatic Esophageal Diseases [Disease/Finding] Esophageal Diseases C0014852 990942 Esophageal Diseases C2496 N0000001159 Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS. D004935 M0007747 37657006 Cardiac Complexes, Premature [Disease/Finding] Cardiac Complexes, Premature Cardiac Complex, Premature Premature Cardiac Complexes C0340464 Cardiac Complexes, Premature M0008072 29717002 Extrasystoles C2532 Premature Beats 1022048 D005117 A group of cardiac arrhythmias in which the cardiac contractions are not initiated at the SINOATRIAL NODE. They include both atrial and ventricular premature beats, and are also known as extra or ectopic heartbeats. Their frequency is increased in heart diseases. N0000001177 Premature Cardiac Complex Extrasystole Ectopic Heartbeats Eye Diseases [Disease/Finding] D005128 Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. Eye Diseases N0000001181 194183009 M0008088 1023594 C2540 C0015397 Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications [Disease/Finding] D005261 C2626 M0008309 Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications N0000001224 Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications C1720765 Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT, the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE), and disorders related to PREGNANCY. 985609 Fever [Disease/Finding] An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. M0008421 Hyperthermia 1021819 367493005 D005334 Fever 386661006 Pyrexia 50177009 C0015967 Fever N0000001242 C2662 Fissure in Ano [Disease/Finding] Anal Fissure 197224002 197225001 A painful linear ulcer at the margin of the anus. It appears as a crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus and is very painful and difficult to heal. (Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed) 30037006 D005401 M0008525 N0000001257 Fissure in Ano Fissure in Ano 20928004 Anal Ulcer 1022270 C2692 C0016167 Gallbladder Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1024505 Gall Bladder Diseases Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases. M0008958 Gallbladder Diseases 39621005 D005705 Gallbladder Diseases C0016977 N0000001304 C2786 Gastroenteritis [Disease/Finding] D005759 N0000001317 Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis 1024672 INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. 25374005 C2812 M0009018 C0017160 Gastroesophageal Reflux [Disease/Finding] Gastric Acid Reflux 235595009 M0009024 Gastroesophageal Reflux D005764 Gastroesophageal Reflux Esophageal Reflux GERD Reflux, Gastroesophageal C2816 Gastro-Esophageal Reflux N0000001319 Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 1022040 C0017168 Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Gastric Acid Reflux Disease Gastrointestinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] 119292006 M0009033 C2818 1022118 N0000001320 Gastrointestinal Diseases Gastrointestinal Diseases D005767 C0017178 Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Genital Diseases, Female [Disease/Finding] Female Genital Diseases D005831 Gynecologic Diseases N0000001323 244938009 C2824 310789003 1026095 C0017411 Genital Diseases, Female M0009154 Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). Genital Diseases, Female Genital Diseases, Male [Disease/Finding] C0017412 M0009155 N0000001324 C2826 64557000 Genital Diseases, Male Genital Diseases, Male 1021837 Male Genital Diseases D005832 Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE). Tourette Syndrome [Disease/Finding] N0000001334 Combined Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder Tourette's Disease Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder, Combined Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tic Disorder Tic Disorder, Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tourette Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome D005879 A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79) C0040517 Tourette Disease C2846 Tourette Disorder 1024192 M0009230 Tourette Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette's Disease Tourette's Syndrome 5158005 Tourette's Disorder Glaucoma [Disease/Finding] N0000001345 D005901 C2868 Glaucoma M0009260 C0017601 1022133 23986001 An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) Glaucoma Glaucoma, Open-Angle [Disease/Finding] 46168003 Glaucoma, Compensated Glaucoma, Open Angle Glaucoma, Pigmentary Glaucoma, Simple 193538009 Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. C0017612 M0009261 1023893 N0000001346 84494001 Glaucoma, Compensative Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma, Open-Angle Open-Angle Glaucoma C2870 Glaucoma Simplex D005902 Gout [Disease/Finding] Hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi. Gout C0018099 Gout N0000001382 M0009557 90560007 D006073 C2942 1026223 Graft Occlusion, Vascular [Disease/Finding] Graft Occlusion, Vascular D006083 M0009575 234191002 Vascular Graft Restenosis C0018128 N0000001383 Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts. 990240 Graft Restenosis, Vascular C2944 Graft Occlusion, Vascular Vascular Graft Occlusion Hair Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1023403 C2976 M0009750 279425004 N0000001399 Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair. C0018500 Hair Diseases Hair Diseases D006201 Craniocerebral Trauma [Disease/Finding] Craniocerebral Trauma M0009821 1024743 Injuries, Craniocerebral 82271004 Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. Craniocerebral Trauma C3012 C0018674 Head Injuries N0000001417 D006259 Head Trauma Craniocerebral Injuries Injuries, Head Trauma, Head Heart Block [Disease/Finding] M0009945 233916004 C3038 1023276 Heart Block N0000001430 C0018794 Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects. Heart Block D006327 Heart Defects, Congenital [Disease/Finding] Heart, Malformation Of Congenital Heart Defect N0000001431 204413006 D006330 M0009950 Heart Defect, Congenital 1022077 C3040 Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. Heart Defects, Congenital Heart Abnormalities Heart Defects, Congenital C0018798 Congenital Heart Defects Abnormality, Heart Defects, Congenital Heart Heart Diseases [Disease/Finding] D006331 Heart Diseases Cardiac Diseases M0009951 Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. C0018799 C3042 56265001 N0000001432 1022072 Heart Diseases Cardiomegaly [Disease/Finding] C0018800 C3044 Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. 8186001 Enlarged Heart 1023747 D006332 Cardiomegaly Cardiomegaly Heart Enlargement M0009952 N0000001433 Heart Failure [Disease/Finding] Heart Failure 1024953 C3046 C0018801 42343007 A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Cardiac Failure N0000001434 D006333 M0009953 Heart Failure Heart Valve Diseases [Disease/Finding] 368009 D006349 Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE). Heart Valve Diseases Valvular Heart Diseases 989613 M0009972 C3064 Heart Valve Diseases C0018824 N0000001443 Hematologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Hematologic Diseases N0000001459 Blood Diseases C3096 D006402 Hematological Diseases 1021953 Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. 191402006 C0018939 267573000 M0010044 Hematologic Diseases Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases C0018981 Hematologic diseases and diseases of the lymphatic system collectively. Hemic diseases include disorders involving the formed elements (e.g., ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION, INTRAVASCULAR) and chemical components (e.g., BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS); lymphatic diseases include disorders relating to lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes. C3110 D006425 Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases M0010072 N0000001466 1026878 Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] N0000001481 C0019080 M0010152 Bleeding 1023287 Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. D006470 Hemorrhage Hemorrhage C3140 195511004 Postpartum Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] 1022250 Postpartum Hemorrhage C3146 Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum). 47821001 N0000001484 Postpartum Hemorrhage M0010156 D006473 Hemorrhage, Postpartum C0032797 Hemorrhagic Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1023732 D006474 N0000001485 Hemorrhagic Disorders 191331006 C3148 C0019087 M0010157 Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS). Hemorrhagic Disorders Hemorrhagic Diathesis Hemorrhoids [Disease/Finding] M0010177 Hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids D006484 70153002 C3164 1023434 C0019112 Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain. N0000001493 Hyperaldosteronism [Disease/Finding] 88213004 C0020428 N0000001573 D006929 Hyperaldosteronism M0010808 A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA. Aldosteronism C3324 1022951 Hyperaldosteronism Hypercholesterolemia [Disease/Finding] D006937 C0020443 A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. Hypercholesterolemia 13644009 N0000001580 Hypercholesteremia C3338 Hypercholesterolemia M0010818 1023485 Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II [Disease/Finding] Hyperbetalipoproteinemia D006938 Hypercholesterolemia, Essential 1022244 N0000001581 397915002 Hyper-beta-Lipoproteinemia A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). Hypercholesterolemic Xanthomatosis, Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Familial Hyper-Low-Density-Lipoproteinemia Hyperlipoproteinemia, Type II C3340 398036000 Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II C0020445 Hyper-Low Density Lipoproteinemia M0010819 190773008 Hyperlipoproteinemia Type 2 Hyperlipidemias [Disease/Finding] C3362 M0010830 D006949 1023000 Hyperlipidemia N0000001592 Hyperlipidemias C0020473 Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. 55822004 Hyperlipemia Hyperlipidemias Hyperlipoproteinemias [Disease/Finding] Hyperlipoproteinemias C0020476 1022876 3744001 D006951 Hyperlipoproteinemia Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation. M0010833 N0000001594 Hyperlipoproteinemias C3366 Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] Allergy C3398 M0010851 Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. 269284003 1022134 N0000001610 Hypersensitivity C0020517 127072000 D006967 106190000 Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity, Immediate [Disease/Finding] Hypersensitivity, Atopic 1023968 Hypersensitivity, Immediate Hypersensitivity, Type I Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability. M0010854 IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity D006969 N0000001612 20671006 Hypersensitivity, Immediate C3402 Atopic Hypersensitivity C0020523 Type I Hypersensitivity Hypertension [Disease/Finding] C3410 Blood Pressure, High Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. 1023354 M0010859 D006973 N0000001616 C0020538 Hypertension Hypertension 38341003 Hypertension, Malignant [Disease/Finding] D006974 C0020540 70272006 Hypertension, Malignant N0000001617 C3412 M0010861 A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction. Malignant Hypertension Hypertension, Malignant 1023442 Hypertension, Pulmonary [Disease/Finding] N0000001619 70995007 M0010865 Hypertension, Pulmonary C0020542 C3416 Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES. 1024704 Hypertension, Pulmonary Pulmonary Hypertension D006976 Hypertrophy [Disease/Finding] M0010875 56246009 N0000001625 Hypertrophy Hypertrophy C0020564 General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). C3428 1023930 D006984 Hypotension [Disease/Finding] C3476 1022536 45007003 D007022 Vascular Hypotension M0010927 Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. N0000001649 Hypotension C0020649 Hypotension, Vascular Hypotension Blood Pressure, Low Low Blood Pressure Hypotrichosis [Disease/Finding] C3488 Hypotrichosis Hypotrichosis 1027458 M0010950 Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. (Dorland, 27th ed) N0000001655 C0020678 D007039 53602002 Immune System Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0011156 C0021053 Immune Diseases Immune System Diseases 41266007 Immunologic Diseases Immunological Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both. Immune Disorders 1022843 C3514 N0000001668 Diseases of Immune System D007154 Immune System Diseases Erectile Dysfunction [Disease/Finding] Male Impotence 1023399 The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. Erectile Dysfunction M0011178 D007172 Impotence Male Sexual Impotence 397803000 N0000001672 C0242350 Erectile Dysfunction C3522 Infection [Disease/Finding] M0011294 C0021311 D007239 Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. N0000001681 C3540 40733004 1022093 Infection Infection Inflammation [Disease/Finding] M0011307 Inflammation N0000001687 A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. C3552 D007249 Inflammation 23583003 987778 C0021368 Intestinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1023320 Intestinal Diseases N0000001698 M0011569 85919009 Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. D007410 C3574 Intestinal Diseases C0021831 Intestinal Obstruction [Disease/Finding] Intestinal Obstruction 1023737 81060008 D007415 M0011575 N0000001702 Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. C0021843 C3582 Intestinal Obstruction Intraoperative Complications [Disease/Finding] 1025476 C3590 C0021890 Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure. N0000001706 D007431 Peroperative Complications M0011598 Intraoperative Complications Intraoperative Complications Complication, Peroperative Complication, Intraoperative Joint Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000001727 M0011860 399269003 C0022408 1022553 Joint Diseases D007592 C3632 Joint Diseases Kidney Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0022658 D007674 N0000001748 Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. M0012014 Kidney Diseases C3674 Kidney Diseases 1022215 90708001 Leg Ulcer [Disease/Finding] 1023898 C3772 95344007 C0023223 Leg Ulcer M0012286 Leg Ulcer N0000001797 Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes. D007871 Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] C3874 D008052 C0023772 1028201 Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error M0012549 Errors in the metabolism of LIPIDS resulting from inborn genetic MUTATIONS that are heritable. N0000001848 Liver Cirrhosis [Disease/Finding] Hepatic Cirrhosis C3902 D008103 C0023890 N0000001862 Cirrhosis, Liver Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. Liver Cirrhosis M0012636 1024193 Liver Cirrhosis 19943007 Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary [Disease/Finding] Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary C0023892 Biliary Cirrhosis 1024646 Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary D008105 C3906 FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cirrhosis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. M0012640 N0000001864 1761006 Liver Diseases [Disease/Finding] Liver Diseases Liver Diseases 1024220 C3910 235856003 M0012644 N0000001866 D008107 C0023895 Pathological processes of the LIVER. Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome [Disease/Finding] M0012710 Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome C0024054 55475008 C3928 Short PR-Normal QRS Complex Syndrome 1025710 D008151 Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome N0000001875 A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a normal QRS complex. In this syndrome, the atrial impulse conducts via the JAMES FIBERS which connect the atrium to BUNDLE OF HIS bypassing the upper ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE. HEART VENTRICLES are depolarized normally through the His-Purkinje system. Lung Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0012744 N0000001879 Lung Diseases C3936 C0024115 Diseases, Pulmonary Lung Diseases Pulmonary Disease Pulmonary Diseases D008171 1021971 Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. Disease, Pulmonary 19829001 Lung Diseases, Obstructive [Disease/Finding] Lung Diseases, Obstructive Obstructive Lung Diseases Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. D008173 C0600260 N0000001881 M0012746 C3940 1025962 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic [Disease/Finding] 1023595 M0012757 D008180 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus C3952 Lupus Erythematosus Disseminatus A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. 55464009 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic N0000001887 C0024141 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Menstruation Disturbances [Disease/Finding] Menstruation Disturbances Menstruation Disorders N0000001994 M0013402 C4166 1021753 386804004 C0025345 Menstruation Disturbances Variations of menstruation which may be indicative of disease. D008599 Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion [Disease/Finding] C0025472 Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion D008641 Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6) 1028404 M0013465 Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion C4178 N0000002000 Metabolic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Diseases, Metabolic Metabolic Diseases D008659 Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) 30390004 1022778 Thesaurismosis 75934005 Metabolic Diseases N0000002004 C0025517 M0013493 C4186 Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] C4188 Metabolism Errors, Inborn 1024978 C0025521 Inborn Errors of Metabolism Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. N0000002005 Metabolism, Inborn Errors Metabolism, Inborn Errors D008661 86095007 M0013496 Stomatognathic Diseases [Disease/Finding] C4246 1027350 General or unspecified diseases of the stomatognathic system, comprising the mouth, teeth, jaws, and pharynx. Stomatognathic Diseases Stomatognathic Diseases Mouth and Tooth Diseases N0000002034 D009057 C0038368 M0014128 Mouth Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0026636 N0000002036 D009059 M0014130 Mouth Diseases Mouth Diseases 118938008 C4250 1027441 Movement Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0026650 C4256 Movement Disorder Syndromes M0014141 Dyskinesia Syndromes Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. N0000002039 60342002 Movement Disorders 1024614 D009069 Muscle Hypertonia [Disease/Finding] N0000002058 C0026826 Abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone. Skeletal muscle hypertonicity may be associated with PYRAMIDAL TRACT lesions or BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. M0014236 D009122 1023026 C4294 Muscle Tone Increased 41581000 Muscle Hypertonia Muscle Hypertonia Muscular Hypertonicity Hypermyotonia Muscle Spasticity [Disease/Finding] Muscle Spasticity 221360009 D009128 N0000002061 A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) C0026838 C4300 Muscle Spasticity 1024482 M0014243 Muscular Diseases [Disease/Finding] Muscular Diseases D009135 Muscle Disorders M0014252 C0026848 Myopathic Conditions N0000002064 Muscular Diseases 1022424 129565002 C4306 Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. Myopathies Musculoskeletal Diseases [Disease/Finding] C4312 D009140 1022076 928000 Musculoskeletal Diseases C0026857 Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively. N0000002067 M0014259 Musculoskeletal Diseases Myocardial Infarction [Disease/Finding] 1024565 C0027051 Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Infarct C4348 N0000002085 M0014340 Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). D009203 22298006 Opioid-Related Disorders [Disease/Finding] M0014475 C0027412 Opioid-Related Disorders 14784000 N0000002109 1024004 C4396 D009293 Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids. Opioid-Related Disorders Nasal Polyps [Disease/Finding] D009298 N0000002110 C0027430 1026147 C4398 Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations. M0014487 Nasal Polyps Nasal Polyps 52756005 Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] N0000002121 D009358 M0014570 989203 C4420 Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities Diseases existing at birth and often before birth, or that develop during the first month of life (INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES), regardless of causation. Of these diseases, those characterized by structural deformities are termed CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES. Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities C0027612 Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 55342001 Neoplasms Neoplasms 189526009 189525008 Neoplasm Tumors C0027651 D009369 M0014585 C4434 1022284 New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. Neoplasia N0000002128 Neoplasms by Histologic Type [Disease/Finding] D009370 Neoplasms by Histologic Type Neoplasms by Histological Type C4436 Neoplasms by Histologic Type A collective term for the various histological types of NEOPLASMS. It is more likely to be used by searchers than by indexers and catalogers. Histological Type of Neoplasm N0000002129 M0014588 Histological Types of Neoplasms C0027652 986146 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal [Disease/Finding] D009373 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonic C4442 N0000002132 M0014592 1026873 Germ Cell and Embryonic Neoplasms Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS. Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms C0027658 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue [Disease/Finding] Nerve Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves. C0027665 C4456 985772 D009380 Nervous Tissue Neoplasms M0014605 Neoplasms, Nervous Tissue N0000002139 Nephrosis [Disease/Finding] C4484 M0014635 Nephrosis Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. N0000002153 1025384 D009401 C0027720 90708001 Nephrotic Syndrome [Disease/Finding] N0000002155 C0027726 52254009 D009404 M0014639 A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction. Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome C4488 1026285 Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0027765 1026444 Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. N0000002159 D009422 Nervous System Diseases M0014667 Neurologic Disorders C4496 Nervous System Disorders Neurological Disorders 118940003 Nervous System Diseases Neurologic Manifestations [Disease/Finding] Clinical signs and symptoms caused by nervous system injury or dysfunction. 1025946 C0027854 Neurologic Manifestations Neurologic Manifestations Neurologic Signs and Symptoms Neurologic Manifestation Manifestations, Neurologic Manifestations, Neurological M0014716 N0000002173 C4524 Neurological Manifestations D009461 Neuromuscular Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000002176 C4530 Neuromuscular Diseases M0014726 D009468 1026561 255522009 257277002 Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. C0027868 Nose Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0028432 N0000002194 C4566 89488007 1024498 D009668 Nose Diseases Disorders of the nose, general or unspecified. Nasal Diseases Nasal Disorders Nose Diseases M0015012 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases [Disease/Finding] A collective term for nutritional disorders resulting from poor absorption or nutritional imbalance, and metabolic disorders resulting from defects in biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) or breakdown (CATABOLISM) of endogenous substances. C4572 M0015124 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases 1026553 N0000002197 C0028715 D009750 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Ocular Hypertension [Disease/Finding] M0015213 N0000002207 Hypertension, Ocular D009798 C4592 Ocular Hypertension C0028840 4210003 A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. 1024796 Ocular Hypertension Osteoarthritis [Disease/Finding] M0015509 D010003 1022131 Osteoarthrosis Osteoarthritis C4666 A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. 396275006 N0000002244 Arthritis, Degenerative 225655006 Osteoarthritis C0029408 Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000002269 Pathological processes of the ear, the nose, and the throat, also known as the ENT diseases. Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases M0015572 Otolaryngological Diseases Otorhinolaryngologic Disease ENT Diseases C4716 985940 Otorhinolaryngological Disease D010038 Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases C0029896 Otolaryngologic Diseases Pain [Disease/Finding] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. Pain C4734 Pain D010146 1021856 M0015742 C0030193 N0000002278 22253000 Pain, Intractable [Disease/Finding] Refractory Pain N0000002279 Pain, Intractable M0015750 Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment. 1027100 D010148 C0030200 Pain, Intractable C4736 Paraganglioma [Disease/Finding] 127027008 Paragangliomata M0015869 C0030421 A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) Paragangliomas, Familial, 1 Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic Paraganglioma D010235 1022619 302833002 N0000002299 C4776 Paraganglioma 253029009 Paragangliomas 1 Pathologic Processes [Disease/Finding] 370135005 C0030660 Pathologic Processes M0016012 1025320 N0000002338 Pathologic Processes 308489006 C4854 Processes, Pathologic D010335 Pathological Processes The abnormal mechanisms and forms involved in the dysfunctions of tissues and organs. Peptic Ulcer [Disease/Finding] M0016211 Peptic Ulcer Peptic Ulcer 13200003 196697002 266437002 1024813 N0000002351 D010437 C0030920 C4880 Gastroduodenal Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Pericarditis [Disease/Finding] M0016303 C0031046 1025582 3238004 D010493 Pericarditis C4902 N0000002362 Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS. Pericarditis, Constrictive [Disease/Finding] D010494 Pericarditis, Constrictive C0031048 C4904 85598007 Constrictive Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM that is characterized by the fibrous scarring and adhesion of both serous layers, the VISCERAL PERICARDIUM and the PARIETAL PERICARDIUM leading to the loss of pericardial cavity. The thickened pericardium severely restricts cardiac filling. Clinical signs include FATIGUE, muscle wasting, and WEIGHT LOSS. 1026769 M0016304 N0000002363 Pericarditis, Constrictive Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] Peripheral Nervous System Disease Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Peripheral Nervous System Disorders C0031117 D010523 Peripheral Nervous System Diseases 42658009 M0016347 Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. Peripheral Neuropathies Peripheral Nerve Diseases C4928 PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) Diseases N0000002375 PNS Diseases 302226006 989352 Peritoneal Diseases [Disease/Finding] 66579008 C0031142 N0000002377 C4932 1025532 Peritoneal Diseases Peritoneal Diseases D010532 Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM. M0016360 Pharyngeal Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0031345 195832000 Pathological processes involving the PHARYNX. N0000002385 C4948 D010608 Pharynx Diseases Pharyngeal Diseases Pharyngeal Diseases 75860007 1024885 Diseases of Pharynx M0016479 Pheochromocytoma [Disease/Finding] 399343007 M0016586 Pheochromocytoma D010673 C4958 1021872 A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) C0031511 N0000002390 302835009 Pheochromocytoma Poisoning [Disease/Finding] C5072 C0032343 A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent. M0017099 1026915 Poisoning Poisoning N0000002447 75478009 D011041 Polyps [Disease/Finding] 1024250 C5094 C0032584 D011127 Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. 41329004 M0017240 Polyps N0000002458 Polyps Postoperative Complications [Disease/Finding] Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. Postoperative Complications M0017367 Postoperative Complications D011183 1022600 N0000002467 385486001 C5112 C0032787 Complication, Postoperative Pre-Eclampsia [Disease/Finding] Hypertension-Edema-Proteinuria Gestosis N0000002473 EPH Complex Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis Proteinuria-Edema-Hypertension Gestosis Pregnancy Toxemias M0017443 D011225 EPH Gestosis C0032914 EPH Toxemias Gestosis, EPH 398254007 Pre-Eclampsia Toxemia Of Pregnancy 15394000 Pre-Eclampsia C5124 1023141 Toxemias, Pregnancy Preeclampsia Preeclampsia/Eclampsia 1 A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. Pre-Excitation Syndromes [Disease/Finding] Preexcitation Syndrome N0000002474 D011226 C0032915 C5126 Pre-Excitation Syndromes Pre-Excitation Syndromes 1026072 A group of conditions in which HEART VENTRICLE activation by the atrial impulse is faster than the normal impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE. In these pre-excitation syndromes, atrial impulses often bypass the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE delay and travel via ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAYS connecting the atrium directly to the BUNDLE OF HIS. M0017444 Pregnancy Complications [Disease/Finding] Pregnancy Complications 1023402 Complications, Pregnancy D011248 Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases. N0000002478 C0032962 90821003 198881004 C5134 Pregnancy Complications M0017474 Pregnancy, Abdominal [Disease/Finding] Pregnancy, Abdominal N0000002485 Pregnancy, Abdominal C0032984 Abdominal Pregnancy D011269 A type of ectopic pregnancy in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY instead of in the ENDOMETRIUM of the UTERUS. C5148 1028274 82661006 M0017497 Pregnancy, Ectopic [Disease/Finding] Pregnancy, Ectopic M0017499 Pregnancy, Ectopic C0032987 C5150 Ectopic Pregnancy A potentially life-threatening condition in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL). 1021784 N0000002486 34801009 D011271 Prostatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0017828 Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues. C5174 Prostatic Diseases N0000002498 30281009 D011469 Prostatic Diseases 1022359 C0033575 Prostatic Hyperplasia [Disease/Finding] C5176 N0000002499 367483003 D011470 M0017830 197958000 Prostatic Hyperplasia Prostatic Hyperplasia 1103694 Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. C2937421 Pruritus [Disease/Finding] C5202 1023996 M0017935 Pruritis An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. Itching Pruritus Pruritus N0000002512 C0033774 279333002 D011537 Pruritus Ani [Disease/Finding] Intense chronic itching in the anal area. D011538 Pruritus Ani Pruritus Ani N0000002513 C5204 M0017936 90446007 C0033775 1022806 Puerperal Disorders [Disease/Finding] Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans. C0034040 N0000002536 1023405 D011644 Puerperal Disorders 362973001 C5250 Puerperal Disorders M0018113 Pulmonary Edema [Disease/Finding] Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. 1024136 19242006 C5258 M0018125 N0000002540 Pulmonary Edemas Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary Edema Edema, Pulmonary C0034063 Wet Lung Edemas, Pulmonary D011654 Pulmonary Embolism [Disease/Finding] Pulmonary Embolism 1023138 59282003 Pulmonary Embolism D011655 N0000002541 C0034065 M0018126 Pulmonary Embolisms Embolisms, Pulmonary Embolism, Pulmonary C5260 Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] Incompetence, Pulmonary Valve C0034088 1022909 Valve Insufficiency, Pulmonary Valve Incompetence, Pulmonary 91434003 D011665 C5272 Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the PULMONARY ARTERY into the RIGHT VENTRICLE due to imperfect closure of the PULMONARY VALVE. Valve Regurgitation, Pulmonary M0018142 Regurgitation, Pulmonary Valve N0000002547 Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency Pulmonary Valve Incompetence Regurgitation, Pulmonary 194995005 Insufficiency, Pulmonary Valve Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation Pulmonary Regurgitation Pupil Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1022461 68633000 C0034124 D011681 C5280 Conditions which affect the structure or function of the pupil of the eye, including disorders of innervation to the pupillary constrictor or dilator muscles, and disorders of pupillary reflexes. N0000002551 Pupillary Disorders Pupil Disorders Pupil Disorders M0333811 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] 1028018 Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors D011686 C0034139 238006008 N0000002552 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors M0018168 C5282 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors Radiation Injuries [Disease/Finding] Radiation Injuries C5314 D011832 Radiation Injuries M0018380 1024012 Injuries, Radiation N0000002568 C0034530 Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES. 24803000 Raynaud Disease [Disease/Finding] M0018534 Raynaud Disease Cold Fingers, Hereditary D011928 Raynaud's Disease 195295006 195294005 C0034734 C5330 Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress. 1027424 N0000002576 Rectal Diseases [Disease/Finding] Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). D012002 1024401 C0034882 5964004 M0018654 C5334 N0000002578 Rectal Diseases Rectal Diseases Renal Artery Obstruction [Disease/Finding] C5360 1029298 D012078 C0035066 M0018770 Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR). N0000002591 Renal Artery Obstruction Respiratory Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] N0000002598 M0018896 Respiratory Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity, Respiratory C5374 C0035228 A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL. 1025923 D012130 Respiratory Hypersensitivity Respiratory Tract Diseases [Disease/Finding] C5382 N0000002602 M0018918 C0035242 Respiratory Tract Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases D012140 1024163 Respiratory Tract Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Respiratory Tract 1025855 275498002 Infections, Respiratory Respiratory Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. D012141 M0018919 C0035243 N0000002603 Respiratory Tract Infections Respiratory Tract Infections C5384 Rheumatic Fever [Disease/Finding] D012213 Polyarthritis Rheumatica N0000002629 C5436 1023414 Rheumatic Arthritis A febrile disease occurring as a delayed sequela of infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES. It is characterized by multiple focal inflammatory lesions of the connective tissue structures, such as the heart, blood vessels, and joints (POLYARTHRITIS) and brain, and by the presence of ASCHOFF BODIES in the myocardium and skin. 58718002 Acute Rheumatic Fever Arthritis, Rheumatic, Acute 81077008 Arthritis, Acute Rheumatic Rheumatic Fever C0035436 Rheumatism, Acute Articular M0019009 Rheumatic Fever Inflammatory Rheumatism Rheumatism, Articular, Acute Rheumatic Heart Disease [Disease/Finding] 194752000 194708008 23685000 N0000002630 C5438 Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM. Rheumatic Heart Disease M0019010 Rheumatic Heart Disease D012214 1021931 C0035439 Rheumatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1022758 Rheumatic Diseases C0035435 D012216 203100003 N0000002632 Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement. Rheumatic Diseases Rheumatism C5442 396332003 M0019014 Rhinitis [Disease/Finding] Nasal Catarrh M0019019 N0000002634 Rhinitis Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. 70076002 C5446 1023076 D012220 C0035455 Rhinitis, Vasomotor [Disease/Finding] Vasomotor Rhinitis M0019023 8229003 Rhinitis, Vasomotor N0000002637 A form of non-allergic rhinitis that is characterized by nasal congestion and posterior pharyngeal drainage. D012223 C5452 C0035460 1023064 Rhinitis, Vasomotor Salivary Gland Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0036093 M0019375 N0000002662 10890000 C5502 987342 Salivary Gland Diseases Salivary Gland Diseases D012466 Schizophrenia [Disease/Finding] N0000002690 C5558 58214004 191526005 M0019489 191528006 Schizophrenia Dementia Praecox Schizophrenia D012559 C0036341 Schizophrenic Disorders A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. 1022169 Shock [Disease/Finding] Circulatory Failure Shock C5634 D012769 Shock M0019782 C0036974 N0000002728 274729009 1023333 27942005 A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. Circulatory Collapse Shock, Cardiogenic [Disease/Finding] M0019783 C0036980 D012770 C5636 Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease. Shock, Cardiogenic 89138009 1026337 N0000002729 Shock, Cardiogenic Shock, Septic [Disease/Finding] N0000002731 M0019786 C0036983 Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include, but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. Septic Shock C5640 D012772 Shock, Septic Shock, Septic 1025847 76571007 Sialorrhea [Disease/Finding] N0000002742 M0019820 1022091 C0037036 53827007 Sialorrhea C5662 D012798 Increased salivary flow. Sialorrhea Hypersalivation Sick Sinus Syndrome [Disease/Finding] Sick Sinus Syndrome Sick Sinus Node Syndrome N0000002743 M0019828 A condition caused by dysfunctions related to the SINOATRIAL NODE including impulse generation (CARDIAC SINUS ARREST) and impulse conduction (SINOATRIAL EXIT BLOCK). It is characterized by persistent BRADYCARDIA, chronic ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and failure to resume sinus rhythm following CARDIOVERSION. This syndrome can be congenital or acquired, particularly after surgical correction for heart defects. 36083008 1025538 D012804 C5664 C0037052 Sick Sinus Syndrome Signs and Symptoms [Disease/Finding] 1024593 M0019845 Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. Signs and Symptoms N0000002748 D012816 C0037088 Signs and Symptoms C5674 Signs and Symptoms, Digestive [Disease/Finding] Signs and Symptoms, Digestive Signs and Symptoms, Digestive D012817 Digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs. N0000002749 1029901 C5676 M0019846 C0037089 Skin Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] 268292002 C0037268 M0019926 D012868 199879009 1023316 N0000002759 Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin. Skin Abnormalities 38164009 Skin Abnormalities C5696 Abnormalities, Skin Skin Diseases [Disease/Finding] Skin Diseases M0019929 D012871 Skin Diseases 1022858 N0000002761 Dermatosis C5700 C0037274 95320005 Dermatoses Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous [Disease/Finding] 1027633 Skin diseases characterized by local or general distributions of blisters. They are classified according to the site and mode of blister formation. Lesions can appear spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, trauma, or sunlight. Etiologies include immunologic and genetic factors. (From Scientific American Medicine, 1990) Vesiculobullous Dermatoses Vesiculobullous Skin Diseases C0037275 Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous M0019930 N0000002762 D012872 Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous C5702 Skin Diseases, Genetic [Disease/Finding] C5704 N0000002763 Skin Diseases, Genetic Skin Diseases, Genetic M0019934 Genetic Skin Diseases C0037277 Diseases of the skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various inborn errors of metabolism. D012873 986094 239001006 Skin Manifestations [Disease/Finding] D012877 C5712 990515 Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury. C0037285 M0019938 Skin Manifestations N0000002767 Skin Ulcer [Disease/Finding] 46742003 N0000002769 M0019944 Skin Ulcer Skin Ulcer C5716 C0037299 D012883 1023651 247454005 Staphylococcal Infections [Disease/Finding] D013203 Infections, Staphylococcal N0000002817 56038003 Staphylococcal Infections 1023915 C0038160 Staphylococcal Infections M0020423 Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. C5812 Stomach Diseases [Disease/Finding] 988579 Pathological processes involving the STOMACH. Gastric Diseases D013272 N0000002826 C0038354 C5830 29384001 Stomach Diseases Stomach Diseases M0020542 Streptococcal Infections [Disease/Finding] D013290 C0038395 85769006 M0020568 N0000002837 C5852 Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS. Infections, Streptococcal 1022383 Streptococcal Infections Streptococcal Infections Subarachnoid Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] C5870 Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid SAH (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage) M0020646 Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status. 21454007 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage D013345 C0038525 1022268 N0000002846 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome [Disease/Finding] N0000002855 C0038587 D013375 Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. Substance Withdrawal Syndrome 1027256 C5888 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome M0020676 Surgical Wound Infection [Disease/Finding] 58126003 C5908 N0000002865 D013530 Postoperative Wound Infection M0020904 1026690 C0038941 Infection, Surgical Wound Wound Infection, Postoperative Surgical Wound Infection Surgical Wound Infection Wound Infection, Surgical Infection, Postoperative Wound Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision. 213285008 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms [Disease/Finding] 984268 M0020949 N0000002872 C5922 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms D013568 Symptoms and General Pathology Abnormal anatomical or physiological conditions and objective or subjective manifestations of disease, not classified as disease or syndrome. C0039058 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Syncope [Disease/Finding] Fainting C0039070 Syncope 309585006 A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9) 271594007 C5924 D013575 Syncope N0000002873 272030005 1023272 M0020955 Tachycardia [Disease/Finding] Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. 86651002 Tachycardia N0000002888 Tachycardia 1023558 3424008 D013610 C5954 C0039231 M0020996 Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry [Disease/Finding] C0039232 N0000002889 1027637 AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia M0020998 Abnormally rapid heartbeats caused by reentry of atrial impulse into the dual (fast and slow) pathways of ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE. The common type involves a blocked atrial impulse in the slow pathway which reenters the fast pathway in a retrograde direction and simultaneously conducts to the atria and the ventricles leading to rapid HEART RATE of 150-250 beats per minute. Tachycardia, AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia D013611 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia C5956 Tachycardia, Paroxysmal [Disease/Finding] M0021001 195076006 C0039236 1024070 C5962 Tachycardia, Paroxysmal 12026006 N0000002892 Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation. 195078007 D013614 Tachycardia, Supraventricular [Disease/Finding] C0039240 6456007 D013617 Tachycardia, Supraventricular Tachycardia, Supraventricular 1022287 M0021006 A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS. C5968 N0000002895 Thromboembolism [Disease/Finding] 371039008 C0040038 1027317 N0000002934 Thromboembolism Thromboembolism D013923 Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. M0021430 C6046 Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] Thrombosis C6050 118927008 Thrombosis C0040053 M0021435 Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. D013927 1022873 N0000002936 Thyroid Diseases [Disease/Finding] C6062 Thyroid Diseases D013959 Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. M0021478 C0040128 1024048 N0000002942 Thyroid Diseases 14304000 Tic Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1023189 Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany general medical conditions. (From DSM-IV, 1994) C6078 M0021514 C0040188 Tic Disorders 568005 D013981 N0000002950 Tic Disorders Unconsciousness [Disease/Finding] 419045004 D014474 C0041657 M0022251 Unconsciousness 418107008 Unconscious State C6306 Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5) Consciousness, Loss of Unconsciousness N0000003064 1026031 Urination Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1025163 Urination Disorders C0042035 M0022377 N0000003082 Urination Disorders C6342 D014555 Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. Male Urogenital Diseases [Disease/Finding] Male Genitourinary Diseases M0489510 Pathological processes of the male URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, MALE). C1720894 1027597 Male Urogenital Diseases D052801 CMSHM0489510 Male Urogenital Diseases N0000003085 Urologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Urinary Tract Diseases Urological Diseases 128606002 1022769 Urologic Diseases M0022400 Pathological processes of the URINARY TRACT in both males and females. C0042075 197951006 C6350 41368006 N0000003086 D014570 Urologic Diseases Urticaria [Disease/Finding] Urticaria Urticaria 1023461 N0000003088 D014581 C6354 M0022414 A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. C0042109 Hives 126485001 Uterine Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0042131 C6358 Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS. Uterine Diseases Uterine Diseases N0000003090 D014591 M0022426 12337004 1025904 Uterine Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] M0022428 C0042134 1024627 38280009 Uterine Hemorrhage Uterine Bleeding C6360 D014592 N0000003091 Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding. Hemorrhage, Uterine Vascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] D014652 Vascular Diseases 27550009 N0000003111 1024109 M0022535 C0042373 Vascular Diseases C6400 Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. Vasculitis [Disease/Finding] 1026759 C6404 Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. C0042384 Vasculitis Vasculitis 31996006 N0000003113 Angiitis D014657 M0022540 Ventricular Fibrillation [Disease/Finding] C0042510 1024218 Ventricular Fibrillation N0000003118 C6414 D014693 71908006 Ventricular Fibrillation M0022595 A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. Ventricular Outflow Obstruction [Disease/Finding] Ventricular Outflow Obstruction N0000003119 Ventricular Outflow Obstruction Occlusion of the outflow tract in either the LEFT VENTRICLE or the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This may result from CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS, predisposing heart diseases, complications of surgery, or HEART NEOPLASMS. C0042512 D014694 C6416 1028258 M0022598 Virus Diseases [Disease/Finding] C6434 1022696 D014777 M0022758 Virus Diseases 34014006 Viral Diseases C0042769 A general term for diseases produced by viruses. N0000003128 Virus Diseases Water-Electrolyte Imbalance [Disease/Finding] Water-Electrolyte Imbalance C6486 1028873 Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. D014883 C0043065 Water-Electrolyte Imbalance M0022901 N0000003154 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome [Disease/Finding] Auriculoventricular Accessory Pathway Syndrome A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. M0022990 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome D014927 N0000003166 C6510 74390002 False Bundle-Branch Block Syndrome C0043202 Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome 1023880 Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome WPW Syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Wound Infection [Disease/Finding] C0043241 D014946 M0023017 N0000003168 Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms. Wound Infection 1024471 C6514 Infection, Wound Wound Infection 76844004 Wounds and Injuries [Disease/Finding] Wounds and Injury Injuries, Wounds 19130008 C6516 N0000003169 Wounds, Injury Trauma D014947 Injuries and Wounds 1022221 C0043251 Wounds and Injuries Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. M0023019 Esophageal Motility Disorders [Disease/Finding] 266434009 M0023297 C6556 D015154 Esophageal Dysmotility N0000003189 1022716 Esophageal Motility Disorders Esophageal Motility Disorders C0014858 Disorders affecting the motor function of the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; the ESOPHAGUS body, or a combination of these parts. The failure of the sphincters to maintain a tonic pressure may result in gastric reflux of food and acid into the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX). Other disorders include hypermotility (spastic disorders) and markedly increased amplitude in contraction (nutcracker esophagus). Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse [Disease/Finding] D015155 Spasm, Esophageal Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse M0023299 N0000003190 79962008 C6558 Esophageal Spasm A hypermotility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS that is characterized by spastic non-peristaltic responses to SWALLOWING; CHEST PAIN; and DYSPHAGIA. Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse C0014863 1024325 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases [Disease/Finding] 24526004 Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory Inflammatory Bowel Diseases C0021390 M0023374 C6590 Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. 1023128 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases D015212 N0000003206 Hypertriglyceridemia [Disease/Finding] M0023401 N0000003210 C6598 302870006 C0020557 1026278 D015228 Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood. Hypertriglyceridemia Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] C0035091 N0000003278 Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error M0023861 Renal Tubular Transport Errors Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Error Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors D015499 Genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport functions of the KIDNEY TUBULES. C6734 Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors 1026778 Abdominal Pain [Disease/Finding] D015746 Abdominal Pain Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region; generally associated with functional disorders, tissue injuries, or diseases. C6796 N0000003309 1022336 C0000737 21522001 M0024135 Glaucoma, Angle-Closure [Disease/Finding] 392291006 A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber. C0017605 Glaucoma, Narrow-Angle 1022331 C6820 N0000003321 Glaucoma, Closed-Angle Glaucoma, Angle Closure Glaucoma, Angle-Closure Glaucoma, Uncompensative D015812 Glaucoma, Uncompensated Glaucoma, Angle-Closure M0024213 Mydriasis [Disease/Finding] D015878 C6880 1022870 C0026961 37125009 Mydriasis Mydriasis Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME. 188557000 N0000003351 M0024307 Urinary Retention [Disease/Finding] Urinary Retention Urinary Retention D016055 N0000003353 C6884 M0024540 1024066 C0080274 267064002 Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION). Torsades de Pointes [Disease/Finding] Torsade de Pointes 31722008 Torsades de Pointes 1025825 N0000003383 C6944 C0040479 M0024685 A malignant form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that is characterized by HEART RATE between 200 and 250 beats per minute, and QRS complexes with changing amplitude and twisting of the points. The term also describes the syndrome of tachycardia with prolonged ventricular repolarization, long QT intervals exceeding 500 milliseconds or BRADYCARDIA. Torsades de pointes may be self-limited or may progress to VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. Torsades de Pointes D016171 Peripheral Vascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] 400047006 Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART. D016491 C0085096 N0000003422 M0025176 Vascular Diseases, Peripheral C7022 Peripheral Vascular Diseases 1022504 Peripheral Vascular Diseases Peripheral Angiopathies Diseases, Peripheral Vascular Cardiac Output, High [Disease/Finding] D016534 A state of elevated cardiac output due to conditions of either increased hemodynamic demand or reduced cardiac oxygen output. These conditions may include ANEMIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; THYROTOXICOSIS; PREGNANCY; EXERCISE; FEVER; and ANOXIA. In time, compensatory changes of the heart can lead to pathological form of high cardiac output and eventual HEART FAILURE. M0025236 1024957 C0085128 27545003 Cardiac Output, High Cardiac Output, High High Cardiac Output N0000003430 C7038 Embolism and Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] A collective term for pathological conditions which are caused by the formation of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in a blood vessel, or by blocking of a blood vessel with an EMBOLUS, undissolved materials in the blood stream. 1031715 C0085307 195440003 D016769 Embolism and Thrombosis N0000003473 Embolism and Thrombosis M0025559 C7124 Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections [Disease/Finding] N0000003507 C7192 Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method. D016908 Infections, Gram-Positive Bacterial 1022700 C0085426 Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections M0025728 Liver Failure [Disease/Finding] 1021954 C0085605 59927004 Hepatic Failure N0000003527 Liver Failure Liver Failure C7232 D017093 Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) M0025970 Kidney Failure [Disease/Finding] N0000003529 C0035078 Renal Failure Kidney Failure 42399005 M0025974 266553002 1022860 A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. D051437 Kidney Failure C7236 Tachycardia, Ventricular [Disease/Finding] D017180 N0000003541 Tachycardia, Ventricular Tachycardia, Ventricular 1023929 C0042514 M0026083 25569003 C7260 Ventricular Tachycardia An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). Myocardial Ischemia [Disease/Finding] 1022046 C7278 M0026104 A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). 414545008 D017202 Myocardial Ischemia N0000003550 C0151744 Heart Disease, Ischemic Ischemic Heart Disease Ischemia, Myocardial Myocardial Ischemia 414795007 Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular [Disease/Finding] Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 55827005 M0026394 N0000003570 C7318 D017379 1023472 C0149721 Ventricular Hypertrophy, Left Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0175166 M0026454 N0000003573 C7324 A collective term for diseases of the skin and its appendages and of connective tissue. 1027511 D017437 Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Skin Diseases, Vascular [Disease/Finding] C0162819 Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area. M0026469 11263005 N0000003578 Vascular Skin Diseases Skin Diseases, Vascular 1024271 D017445 C7334 Skin Diseases, Vascular Neuroectodermal Tumors [Disease/Finding] M0026668 C7404 253096008 D017599 N0000003613 1022212 Neuroectodermal Tumors Neuroectodermal Tumors 73676002 Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells. C0206093 Pelvic Pain [Disease/Finding] N0000003626 Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin and of organic or psychogenic etiology. Frequent causes of pain are distension or contraction of hollow viscera, rapid stretching of the capsule of a solid organ, chemical irritation, tissue ischemia, and neuritis secondary to inflammatory, neoplastic, or fibrotic processes in adjacent organs. (Kase, Weingold & Gershenson: Principles and Practice of Clinical Gynecology, 2d ed, pp479-508) C0030794 30473006 C7430 Pelvic Pain M0026763 1022303 Pelvic Pain D017699 Neuroendocrine Tumors [Disease/Finding] Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. M0027590 D018358 C0206754 1024535 N0000003804 Neuroendocrine Tumors Neuroendocrine Tumors C7786 255046005 Cardiovascular Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] Cardiovascular Abnormalities N0000003808 D018376 Cardiovascular Abnormalities 1026475 Abnormalities, Cardiovascular Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS. C0243050 M0027602 9904008 C7794 Ventricular Dysfunction, Left [Disease/Finding] D018487 990592 C0242698 N0000003826 Ventricular Dysfunction, Left Left Ventricular Dysfunction Ventricular Dysfunction, Left C7830 M0027729 A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome [Disease/Finding] C0242966 N0000003848 238149007 M0028081 1023779 A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever >38 degrees C or HYPOTHERMIA <36 degrees C; (2) TACHYCARDIA >90 beat/minute; (3) tachypnea >24 breaths/minute; (4) LEUKOCYTOSIS >12,000 cells/cubic mm or 10% immature forms. While usually related to infection, SIRS can also be associated with noninfectious insults such as TRAUMA; BURNS; or PANCREATITIS. If infection is involved, a patient with SIRS is said to have SEPSIS. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome D018746 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome 238150007 Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic C7874 Sepsis Syndrome Ventricular Dysfunction [Disease/Finding] D018754 A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function. Ventricular Dysfunction C0242973 N0000003849 1022391 C7876 M0028090 Ventricular Dysfunction Impotence, Vasculogenic [Disease/Finding] M0028121 D018783 Impotence, Vasculogenic 986774 C0243000 Impotence, Vasculogenic Inability to achieve and maintain an erection (ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION) due to defects in the arterial blood flow to the PENIS, defect in venous occlusive function allowing blood drainage (leakage) from the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis), or both. N0000003855 C7888 Sepsis [Disease/Finding] Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. C0243026 Sepsis M0028155 91302008 C7900 D018805 Sepsis N0000003861 1023184 Ventricular Premature Complexes [Disease/Finding] Premature Ventricular Beats Ventricular Premature Complex Ventricular Premature Complexes C0151636 A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature contractions of the HEART VENTRICLES. It is characterized by the premature QRS complex on ECG that is of abnormal shape and great duration (generally >129 msec). It is the most common form of all cardiac arrhythmias. Premature ventricular complexes have no clinical significance except in concurrence with heart diseases. Premature Ventricular Complex Ventricular Premature Complexes Premature Ventricular Contractions Extrasystole, Ventricular Ventricular Ectopic Beats 17338001 1021951 C7916 N0000003869 M0028234 D018879 195093006 251175005 Atrial Premature Complexes [Disease/Finding] 284470004 N0000003870 1023811 C7918 287057009 63593006 Extrasystole, Atrial Premature Atrial Beats D018880 Atrial Premature Complexes C0033036 Premature Atrial Complex A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature atrial contractions or beats caused by signals originating from ectopic atrial sites. The ectopic signals may or may not conduct to the HEART VENTRICLES. Atrial premature complexes are characterized by premature P waves on ECG which are different in configuration from the P waves generated by the normal pacemaker complex in the SINOATRIAL NODE. Atrial Ectopic Beats M0028235 406461004 Atrial Premature Complexes Premature Supraventricular Beats Atrial Premature Complex Premature Atrial Contractions Hot Flashes [Disease/Finding] 198436008 1022367 M0029082 A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) N0000003943 D019584 Hot Flashes C0600142 Hot Flashes C8064 Neurodegenerative Diseases [Disease/Finding] Degenerative Neurologic Diseases C0524851 Neurologic Degenerative Conditions Neurodegenerative Diseases Neurodegenerative Diseases Nervous System Degenerative Diseases Degenerative Neurologic Disorders Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. N0000003949 Degenerative Diseases, Neurologic M0029135 Neurodegenerative Disorders D019636 1022112 C8076 Neurologic Degenerative Diseases Neurologic Diseases, Degenerative Degenerative Diseases, Nervous System Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood [Disease/Finding] Those psychiatric disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. These disorders can also be first diagnosed during other life stages. 987008 N0000003966 M0029626 Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood C8110 D019952 Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood C0525040 Disorders Usually Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence Neurobehavioral Manifestations [Disease/Finding] N0000003967 Neurobehavioral Signs and Symptoms M0333801 C8112 Cognitive Symptoms Signs and Symptoms, Neurobehavioral Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information. 1025867 C0525041 Neurobehavioral Manifestations Neurobehavioral Manifestations Cognitive Manifestations D019954 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0236964 D019958 1031543 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders C8120 N0000003971 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders M0029636 Mood Disorders [Disease/Finding] M0029642 1022464 Mood Disorders C0525045 C8128 D019964 Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature. N0000003975 Affective Disorders Mood Disorders 46206005 Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders [Disease/Finding] 106014008 C0029227 111479008 M0029645 Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders D019965 Cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders. These may be the result of substance use, trauma, or other causes. Mental Disorders, Organic Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders N0000003976 1022574 Organic Mental Disorders C8130 Substance-Related Disorders [Disease/Finding] Disorders related to substance abuse, the side effects of a medication, or toxin exposure. N0000003977 Substance-Related Disorders 1027904 M0029657 C8132 D019966 Substance-Related Disorders C0236969 Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features [Disease/Finding] N0000003978 Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features C8134 984843 Marked disorders of thought (delusions, hallucinations, or other thought disorder accompanied by disordered affect or behavior), and deterioration from a previous level of functioning. M0029660 D019967 C0525046 Sexual and Gender Disorders [Disease/Finding] D019968 C8136 Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphilias, and gender identity disorders. C0525047 984634 N0000003979 Sexual and Gender Disorders Sexual and Gender Disorders M0029661 Alcohol-Related Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1025655 C0236664 M0029672 D019973 N0000003982 29212009 Alcohol-Related Disorders Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol. C8142 Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological [Disease/Finding] D020018 Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Psychosexual Disorders Psychosexual Dysfunctions Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological M0029727 56627002 C8146 1025159 C0033953 Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994) N0000003984 Trauma, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] M0328650 Injuries, Nervous System Nervous System Injuries Trauma, Nervous System D020196 Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures. N0000004034 1031188 C8246 Trauma, Nervous System 128239009 C0751792 Venous Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] 1023173 111293003 The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. Venous Thrombosis Phlebothrombosis C0042487 Thrombosis, Venous N0000004074 18266009 C8326 D020246 M0029908 Venous Thrombosis Neurotoxicity Syndromes [Disease/Finding] Neurotoxin Disorders Poisoning, Nervous System Neurotoxic Disorders M0328313 Neurotoxin Diseases 19466003 985040 C8338 Neurotoxicity Syndromes N0000004080 Nervous System Poisoning D020258 C0235032 Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents. Neurotoxicity Syndromes Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System D020268 N0000004088 Ethanol Induced Nervous System Disorders Acute and chronic neurologic disorders associated with the various neurologic effects of ETHANOL. Primary sites of injury include the brain and peripheral nerves. Ethyl Alcohol Abuse Neurologic Syndromes Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System C0751865 Ethanol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System M0328091 Nervous System Disorders, Ethanol-Induced 1023561 C8354 Ethanol-Induced Nervous System Disorders Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] Nervous System Diseases, Degenerative, Hereditary C8360 985698 Nervous System Degenerative Hereditary Diseases Inherited disorders characterized by progressive atrophy and dysfunction of anatomically or physiologically related neurologic systems. M0328330 Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hereditary Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary Degenerative Hereditary Disorders, Nervous System D020271 C0751870 Nervous System Hereditary Degenerative Diseases Hereditary Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary Diseases, Neurodegenerative Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System Hereditary-Degenerative Disorders, Nervous System N0000004091 Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System Degenerative Hereditary Diseases, Nervous System Intracranial Hemorrhages [Disease/Finding] C0151699 D020300 N0000004102 Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. M0328611 Intracranial Hemorrhages Intracranial Hemorrhages C8382 1026294 Hemorrhage, Intracranial 1386000 Brain Infarction [Disease/Finding] Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis. M0328169 1027116 Brain Infarction Brain Infarction C8496 N0000004159 D020520 C0751955 Stroke [Disease/Finding] Cerebral Stroke Apoplexy Cerebrovascular Accident Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) 270883006 N0000004160 Cerebrovascular Apoplexy Vascular Accident, Brain C8498 Cerebrovascular Stroke CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) 1024488 D020521 230690007 M0328070 Stroke C0038454 Alcohol-Induced Disorders [Disease/Finding] C8518 M0328025 Alcohol-Induced Disorders C0236970 Alcohol-Induced Disorders 1025678 N0000004170 Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol. D020751 Pathological Conditions, Anatomical [Disease/Finding] An abnormal structural condition of the human body, usually macroscopic, that is common to a variety of different diseases. C8534 N0000004178 1026773 D020763 Pathological Conditions, Anatomical Pathological Conditions, Anatomical M0328642 C0752135 Headache Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0393735 Headache Syndromes M0328324 230461009 Headache Disorders 1023986 N0000004182 Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) C8542 D020773 Headache Disorders Cephalgia Syndromes Dyskinesias [Disease/Finding] Abnormal Movements 9748009 1021897 C8586 Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. Dyskinesias Dyskinesias M0014140 D020820 N0000004204 C0013384 Neuromuscular Manifestations [Disease/Finding] Signs and symptoms associated with diseases of the muscle, neuromuscular junction, or peripheral nerves. Neuromuscular Manifestations N0000004213 C8604 1027972 Neuromuscular Signs and Symptoms D020879 M0328296 C0752252 Signs and Symptoms, Neuromuscular Neuromuscular Manifestations Discrete Subaortic Stenosis [Disease/Finding] Subaortic Stenosis, Discrete M0001558 A type of constriction that is caused by the presence of a fibrous ring (discrete type) below the AORTIC VALVE, anywhere between the aortic valve and the MITRAL VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. Discrete Subaortic Stenosis Discrete Subaortic Stenosis C0012628 C8674 1031927 N0000004248 D021922 amprenavir [Chemical/Ingredient] C0754188 M0250495 amprenavir C095108 tetrahydro-3-furyl N-(3-(4-amino-N-isobutylbenzenesulfonamido)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropyl)carbamate Amprenavir N0000004336 amprenavir C11148 228656 candesartan [Chemical/Ingredient] C081643 C0717550 2-ethoxy-7-carboxy-1-(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methylbenzimidazole 1H-Benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid, 2-ethoxy-1-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)- N0000004463 M0217705 214354 candesartan C12170 candesartan candesartan Dihydroergocornine [Chemical/Ingredient] Dihydroergocornine Dihydroergocornine N0000004681 M0006403 3415 D025441 Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 9,10alpha-dihydro-12'-hydroxy-2',5'alpha-bis(1-methylethyl)- Ergocornine, 9,10-dihydro- A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains isopropyl sidechains at the 2' and 5' positions of the molecule. C13790 Dihydroergocornine C0012288 Dihydroergocristine [Chemical/Ingredient] 3416 A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule. Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 9,10alpha-dihydro-12'-hydroxy-2'-(1-methylethyl)-5'alpha-(phenylmethyl)- Dihydroergocristine N0000004682 C13794 Dihydroergocristine D025442 M0006404 C0012289 Dihydroergocristine Dihydroergocryptine [Chemical/Ingredient] 3417 N0000004683 Dihydroergocryptine Dihydroergocryptine Dihydroergocryptine D025443 Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 9,10alpha-dihydro-12'-hydroxy-5'alpha-isobutyl-2'-isopropyl C0012290 C13798 A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position and an alpha-isobutyl sidechain at 5'alpha position of the molecule. M0006405 gatifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000004840 C078049 M0209340 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo- C0753645 gatifloxacin 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid gatifloxacin gatifloxacin 228476 C14992 moxifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] C17464 C104727 N0000005131 C0536495 139462 M0273433 moxifloxacin moxifloxacin moxifloxacin 1-cyclopropyl--7-(2,8-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid sparfloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] C20242 N0000005508 C0052585 18469 C061363 sparfloxacin M0170192 sparfloxacin sparfloxacin Carbohydrates [Chemical/Ingredient] The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates D002241 M0003360 C21790 C0007004 2028 N0000005723 Amiodarone [Chemical/Ingredient] Amiodarone C21866 703 Amiodarone Amiodarone D000638 Methanone, (2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl)(4-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)- N0000005761 M0000973 An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. C0002598 Losartan [Chemical/Ingredient] Losartan 2-Butyl-4-chloro-1-((2'-(1H-etrazol-5-yl) (1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-methanol D019808 52175 Losartan M0029400 An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II. C0126174 C21892 N0000005774 Losartan Disopyramide [Chemical/Ingredient] M0006581 C21912 Diisopyramide Disopyramide 3541 C0012702 Disopyramide D004206 A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties. 2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl- Disopyramide N0000005784 Probucol [Chemical/Ingredient] 8699 N0000005811 M0017604 D011341 Probucol Probucol Probucol Phenol, 4,4'-((1-methylethylidene)bis(thio))bis(2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl))- C21966 C0033215 A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993). Procainamide [Chemical/Ingredient] Procainamide Benzamide, 4-amino-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)- Procainamide M0017605 D011342 8700 C0033216 Procainamide C21970 A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE. N0000005813 Procaine Amide Fenofibrate [Chemical/Ingredient] Fenofibrate C0033228 D011345 8703 Fenofibrate N0000005823 C21990 Procetofene Phenofibrate Procetofen M0017618 Propanoic acid, 2-(4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methyl-, 1-methylethyl ester An antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood. Fenofibrate Simvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0029425 36567 Simvastatin Simvastatin C0074554 C22028 A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL. Synvinolin Simvastatin N0000005842 D019821 ibutilide [Chemical/Ingredient] N-(4-(4-(ethylheptylamino)-1-hydroxybutyl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide ibutilide ibutilide 41289 C22102 M0184268 C0082966 C067192 ibutilide N0000005879 Benzoates [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzoates N0000005901 Benzoates D001565 M0002350 Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure. C22146 C0005058 1398 Digoxin [Chemical/Ingredient] Card-20(22)-enolide, 3-((O-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1-4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-12,14-dihydroxy-, (3beta,5beta,12beta)- A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666) C0012265 3407 N0000005903 M0006386 D004077 C22150 Digoxin Digoxin Digoxin Amrinone [Chemical/Ingredient] 738 Amrinon Inamrinone C22158 N0000005907 A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell. Amrinone M0001038 C0002697 (3,4'-Bipyridin)-6(1H)-one, 5-amino- 5-Amino-(3,4'-bipyridine)-6(1H)-one Amrinone D000676 Phentermine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000005935 Phentermine Phentermine C22214 M0016536 A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity. 8152 Benzeneethanamine, alpha,alpha-dimethyl- Phentermine D010645 C0031447 Dihydroergotoxine [Chemical/Ingredient] A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES. Dihydroergotoxin M0006406 3419 Co-Dergocrine Ergotoxine, dihydro- C0012294 C22232 Dihydroergotoxine N0000005944 Dihydroergotoxine Dihydroergotoxine D004088 Phenylephrine [Chemical/Ingredient] D010656 An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent. Phenylephrine 8163 (R)-3-Hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzenemethanol Phenylephrine Phenylephrine M0016556 C22276 N0000005966 C0031469 Benzenemethanol, 3-hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)-, (R)- Proline [Chemical/Ingredient] A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. N0000005995 C0033382 D011392 Proline C22334 8737 Proline L-Proline M0017693 Proline Phenylpropanolamine [Chemical/Ingredient] D010665 8175 Phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine C0031495 Norephedrine C22352 A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant. Benzenemethanol, alpha-(1-aminoethyl)-, (R*,S*)-(+-)- N0000006004 Phenylpropanolamine M0016572 Phenytoin [Chemical/Ingredient] Phenytoin C22390 M0016580 N0000006023 8183 Phenytoin An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. C0031507 Diphenylhydantoin 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin D010672 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl- Fenitoin Phenytoin Salicylates [Chemical/Ingredient] C0036077 9523 M0019362 N0000006035 The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Salicylates Salicylates C22414 D012459 Nelfinavir [Chemical/Ingredient] A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. C22438 M0029531 Nelfinavir D019888 134527 C0525005 Nelfinavir N0000006047 Nelfinavir Halothane [Chemical/Ingredient] M0009773 Ethane, 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoro- Halothane N0000006050 C0018549 D006221 C22444 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane Halothane 5095 A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178) Halothane Dobutamine [Chemical/Ingredient] D004280 Dobutamine M0006696 N0000006055 C0012963 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-((3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl)amino)ethyl)-, (+-)- Dobutamine 3616 C22454 Dobutamine A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY. Lidocaine [Chemical/Ingredient] 2-2EtN-2MePhAcN 6387 M0012483 A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE. C22486 Lidocaine Lidocaine C0023660 D008012 Lignocaine 2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)Acetamide Lidocaine N0000006071 Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- Dopamine [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydroxytyramine D004298 M0006756 One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. C0013030 Dopamine C22526 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol 3628 N0000006091 Dopamine Dopamine 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)- Lipids [Chemical/Ingredient] Lipids C22714 Lipids N0000006185 C0023779 6411 D008055 A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) M0012553 Enalapril [Chemical/Ingredient] C0014025 3827 D004656 C22736 Enalapril L-Proline, 1-(N-(1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl)-, (S)- N0000006195 One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS that is used to treat hypertension. Enalapril M0007330 Enalapril Valine [Chemical/Ingredient] Valine Valine A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. L-Valine C22824 11115 C0042285 D014633 M0022497 Valine N0000006239 Epinephrine [Chemical/Ingredient] Epinephrine N0000006261 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-, (R)- Epinephrine M0007583 C0014563 The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS. Adrenaline 3992 D004837 4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol C22868 Epinephrine Amlodipine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0051696 A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-, 3-ethyl 5-methyl ester D017311 C22882 17767 M0026284 N0000006268 Amlodipine Amlodipine Amlodipine Indapamide [Chemical/Ingredient] 5764 Indapamide C22894 M0011207 A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. Indapamide C0021186 N0000006274 Benzamide, 3-(aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)- Metindamide D007190 Indapamide Moricizine [Chemical/Ingredient] Carbamic acid, (10-(3-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxopropyl)-10H-phenothiazin-2-yl)-, ethyl ester M0024900 40169 Moracizin An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances. Moracizine Moricizine D016293 Moricizine C0079856 C23016 N0000006334 Moricizine Isosorbide [Chemical/Ingredient] 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma. C0022251 Isosorbide Isosorbide Isosorbide 6057 M0011786 D-Glucitol, 1,4:3,6-dianhydro- C23038 N0000006345 D007547 Isosorbide Dinitrate [Chemical/Ingredient] M0011788 Isosorbide Dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate N0000006348 A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. D-Glucitol, 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-, dinitrate C0022252 D007548 6058 C23044 Isosorbide Dinitrate Ergoloid Mesylates [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006352 Ergoloid Mesylates C0014708 A mixture of the mesylates (methane sulfonates) of DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and the alpha- and beta-isomers of DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. The substance produces a generalized peripheral vasodilation and a fall in arterial pressure and has been used to treat symptoms of mild to moderate impairment of mental function in the elderly. Ergoloid Mesylates Ergoloid Mesylate M0007657 Co-Dergocrine Mesylate C23052 Dihydroergotoxine Methanesulfonate Dihydroergotoxine Monomethanesulfonate Co-Dergine Mesylate ergoloid mesylates, USP 4024 Dihydroergotoxine Mesylate Co-Dergocrine Mesilate Ergotoxin, Dihydro-, Monomethasulfonate D004877 Felodipine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0024118 D015736 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-, ethyl methyl ester Felodipine Felodipine Felodipine 4316 A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. N0000006368 C23084 C0015772 Nisoldipine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0028116 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-, methyl 2-methylpropyl ester A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina. D015737 Nisoldipine Nisoldipine 7435 N0000006370 M0024120 C23088 Nisoldipine Hydralazine [Chemical/Ingredient] 1(2H)-Phthalazinone, hydrazone Hydrazinophthalazine N0000006385 Hydralazine 5470 D006830 Hydralazine A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. C23118 M0010676 Hydrallazin Apressin Hydralazine C0020223 Mephentermine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0025380 D008616 N0000006392 Mephentermine Mephentermine 6756 C23132 M0013430 Benzeneethanamine, N,alpha,alpha-trimethyl- Mephentermine A sympathomimetic agent with specificity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain BLOOD PRESSURE in hypotensive states such as following SPINAL ANESTHESIA. Hydrochlorothiazide [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydrochlorothiazide Dihydrochlorothiazide M0010703 5487 Hydrochlorothiazide C23252 HCTZ A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. N0000006452 D006852 Dichlothiazide 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide Hydrochlorothiazide C0020261 Bepridil [Chemical/Ingredient] C23270 1-Pyrrolidineethanamine, beta-((2-methylpropoxy)methyl)-N-phenyl-N-(phenylmethyl)- C0005116 A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. Bepridil Bepridil N0000006461 D015764 1436 M0024153 Bepridil Nicardipine [Chemical/Ingredient] 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-, methyl 2-(methyl(phenylmethyl)amino)ethyl ester C0028005 Nicardipine A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents. D009529 7396 M0014820 Nicardipine Nicardipine C23276 N0000006464 Mexiletine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0013719 2-Propanamine, 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)- Mexiletine Mexiletine Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties. 6926 D008801 C23320 C0025887 N0000006486 Mexiletine Clonidine [Chemical/Ingredient] D003000 C0009014 Clonidine Clonidine M0004605 An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION. C23358 Clofenil 2599 Klofenil Clonidine N0000006505 1H-Imidazol-2-amine, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- Nifedipine [Chemical/Ingredient] Nifedipine M0014847 Nifedipine N0000006519 7417 C0028066 D009543 C23386 Nifedipine 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-, dimethyl ester A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. Milrinone [Chemical/Ingredient] C23440 D020105 N0000006546 (3,4'-Bipyridine)-5-carbonitrile, 6-dihydro-2-methyl-6-oxo- A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone. 52769 Milrinone C0128513 Milrinone Milrinone M0029839 Nimodipine [Chemical/Ingredient] C23468 C0028094 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-, 2-methoxyethyl 1-methylethyl ester Nimodipine M0014859 7426 N0000006560 D009553 Nimodipine Nimodipine A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure. Glycerol [Chemical/Ingredient] A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent. 1,2,3-Propanetriol Glycerin Glycerine M0009417 Glycerin Glycerol Glycerol C23480 N0000006566 4910 C0017861 D005990 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane Nitroglycerin [Chemical/Ingredient] Glyceryl Trinitrate M0009426 N0000006574 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate C23496 C0017887 4917 Nitroglycerin A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives. Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin D005996 Aspirin [Chemical/Ingredient] C23512 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic Acid C0004057 Acetylsalicylic Acid N0000006582 Benzoic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)- Aspirin Aspirin D001241 M0001864 1191 Aspirin The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5) Cisapride [Chemical/Ingredient] C23528 N0000006590 C0072916 M0029858 A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) Cisapride Cisapride D020117 Benzamide, 4-amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl)-3-methoxy -4-piperidinyl)-2-methoxy-, cis- 35255 Cisapride Metaraminol [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzenemethanol, alpha-(1-aminoethyl)-3-hydroxy-, (R-(R*,S*))- Metaradrin C23590 N0000006621 Metaraminol Isophenylephrine meta-Hydroxynorephedrine D008680 M0013526 Metaraminol 6805 C0025575 m-Hydroxynorephedrine Metaraminol A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION. benazepril [Chemical/Ingredient] benazepril 1H-1-Benzazepine-1-acetic acid, 3-((1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-, (S-(R*,R*))- C23608 benazapril benazepril M0130973 N0000006630 benzazepril C0053091 18867 C044946 benazepril Reserpine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0018861 Reserpine N0000006632 C23612 C0035179 D012110 An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use. Reserpine Reserpine 9260 Yohimban-16-carboxylic acid, 11,17-dimethoxy-18-((3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy)-, methyl ester, (3beta,16beta,17alpha,18beta,20alpha)- Prazosin [Chemical/Ingredient] 8629 C23624 D011224 A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION. Furazosin C0032912 Piperazine, 1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)-4-(2-furanylcarbonyl)- M0017441 Prazosin Prazosin Prazosin N0000006638 valsartan [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006659 N-valeryl-N-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)valine valsartan valsartan M0217346 L-Valine, N-(1-oxopentyl)-N-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)- 69749 C23666 C081489 C0216784 valsartan Sorbitol [Chemical/Ingredient] C0037688 D013012 9945 Sorbitol Sorbitol A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications. N0000006662 M0020169 D-Glucitol Glucitol C23672 Sorbitol Nitroprusside [Chemical/Ingredient] Ferrate(2-), pentakis(cyano-C)nitrosyl-, (OC-6-22)- C0028193 C23708 Nitroprusside N0000006680 Nitroprusside D009599 Cyanonitrosylferrate Nitroferricyanide 7476 Nitroprusside M0014916 A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins. Diltiazem [Chemical/Ingredient] D004110 M0006434 3443 A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions. C23712 Diltiazem Diltiazem Diltiazem C0012373 1,5-Benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one, 3-(acetyloxy)-5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, (2S-cis)- N0000006682 Propafenone [Chemical/Ingredient] D011405 An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. Propafenone 1-Propanone, 1-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy)phenyl)-3-phenyl- M0017736 8754 Propafenone C23732 N0000006692 Propafenone C0033429 telmisartan [Chemical/Ingredient] (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-carboxylic acid, 4'-((1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl(2,6'-bi-1H-benzimidazol)-1'-yl)methyl)- 4'-((1,4'-dimethyl-2'-propyl(2,6'-bi-1H-benzimidazol)-1'-yl)methyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-carboxylic acid N0000006703 73494 telmisartan telmisartan telmisartan C0248719 M0223750 C23754 C084178 Propranolol [Chemical/Ingredient] Propanolol D011433 A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs. 2-Propanol, 1-((1-methylethyl)amino)-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)- C0033497 C23870 Propranolol Propranolol M0017773 8787 N0000006760 Propranolol Amino Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002520 M0000922 D000596 Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. C23962 N0000006806 Amino Acids Amino Acids Amino Acids 658 Yohimbine [Chemical/Ingredient] 220982 A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. Yohimbine Yohimbine M0023104 yohimbine Yohimban-16-carboxylic acid, 17-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (16alpha,17alpha)- C23984 D015016 N0000006817 C0724441 Fatty Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Fatty Acids 4297 Fatty Acids N0000006847 D005227 C24044 C0015684 M0008265 Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Dipyridamole [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006853 Dipyramidole C24056 D004176 Dipyridamole A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752) Dipyridamole Dipyridamole C0012582 Ethanol, 2,2',2'',2'''-((4,8-di-1-piperidinylpyrimido(5,4-d)pyrimidine-2,6-diyl)dinitrilo)tetrakis- M0006533 3521 Chlorothiazide [Chemical/Ingredient] D002740 C0008273 N0000006932 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-, 1,1-dioxide A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812) 2396 Chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide C24214 M0004186 Guanethidine [Chemical/Ingredient] An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues. C0018318 Octadine Oktadin 5036 M0009675 Guanidine, (2-(hexahydro-1(2H)-azocinyl)ethyl)- Guanethidine Guanethidine D006145 C24232 N0000006941 ((2-Hexahydro-1(2H)-azocinyl)ethyl)guanidine Guanethidine Cimetidine [Chemical/Ingredient] Cimetidine A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRINS output. It also blocks the activity of CYTOCHROME P-450 which might explain proposals for use in NEOADJUVANT THERAPY. Cimetidine D002927 C0008783 N-Cyano-N'-methyl-N''-(2-(((5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)guanidine C24364 Guanidine, N-cyano-N'-methyl-N''-(2-(((5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)- Cimetidine 2541 N0000007007 M0004479 Cyclandelate [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007009 2970 Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester C24368 D003495 C0010525 Cyclandelate Cyclandelate Cyclandelate M0005451 A direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. It may cause gastrointestinal distress and tachycardia. Perindopril [Chemical/Ingredient] Perindopril Perindopril C0136123 Pirindopril D020913 Perindopril 54552 An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure. 1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(2-((1-(ethoxycarbonyl)butyl)amino)-1-oxopropyl)octahydro- M0129811 C24390 N0000007020 Pravastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0025879 An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES). C0085542 N0000007054 Eptastatin 1-Naphthaleneheptanoic acid, 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta,delta,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-, (1S-(1alpha(betaS*,deltaS*),2alpha,6alpha,8beta(R*),8aalpha))- Pravastatin Pravastatin Pravastatin C24460 42463 D017035 Cholestyramine Resin [Chemical/Ingredient] Colestyramin C24510 A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion. C0008402 Cholestyramine Resin Cholestyramine Resin N0000007079 D002792 Colestyramine M0004278 Cholestyramine Resin Cholestyramine 2447 Verapamil [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007093 Verapamil D014700 Verapamil C24538 Verapamil Iproveratril Benzeneacetonitrile, alpha-(3-((2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)methylamino)propyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-alpha-(1-methylethyl)- 11170 C0042523 M0022608 A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. Lovastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] Monacolin K N0000007106 Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-(2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-1-naphthalenyl ester, (1S-(1alpha(R*),3alpha,7beta,8beta(2S*,4S*),8abeta))- 6-Methylcompactin 6472 A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver. D008148 C0024027 M0012707 Lovastatin Lovastatin Lovastatin Mevinolin C24564 Iodine [Chemical/Ingredient] Iodine Iodine N0000007196 A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically. C0021968 M0011640 C24744 Iodine 5933 D007455 Deslanoside [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007203 Desacetyl Lanatoside D003892 Desacetyllanatoside C Deslanatoside C Deslanoside Deslanoside Deslanoside C0011689 Desacetyldigilanide C M0006076 3248 Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata. Card-20(22)-enolide, 3-((O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1-4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-12,14-dihydroxy-, (3beta,5beta,12beta)- C24758 irbesartan [Chemical/Ingredient] C0288171 irbesartan irbesartan C081309 N0000007230 83818 C24812 M0216909 irbesartan 1,3-Diazaspiro(4.4)non-1-en-4-one, 2-butyl-3-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)- 2-n-butyl-3-((2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl)-1,3-diazaspiro(4,4)non-1-en-4-one Doxazosin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0026251 Piperazine, 1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)-4-((2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)carbonyl)- 49276 C24988 D017292 Doxazosin C0114873 Doxazosin Doxazosin N0000007318 A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker. Adenosine [Chemical/Ingredient] D000241 M0000377 296 C25062 Adenosine A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. Adenosine Adenosine C0001443 N0000007355 Papaverine [Chemical/Ingredient] An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels. M0015830 C25072 Isoquinoline, 1-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-6,7-dimethoxy- Papaverine Papaverine Papaverine 7895 D010208 C0030350 N0000007360 Acetanilides [Chemical/Ingredient] M0000123 D000083 C25074 N-Phenylacetamides 163 Acetanilides Acetanilides C0000974 Acetylanilines Compounds based on N-phenylacetamide, that are similar in structure to 2-PHENYLACETAMIDES. They are precursors of many other compounds. They were formerly used as ANALGESICS and ANTIPYRETICS, but often caused lethal METHEMOGLOBINEMIA. N0000007361 Methoxamine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0013598 6853 C25110 N0000007379 Benzenemethanol, alpha-(1-aminoethyl)-2,5-dimethoxy- Methoxamine Methoxamine D008729 C0025681 Methoxamedrin Methoxamine An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION. Ritonavir [Chemical/Ingredient] Ritonavir 85762 C0292818 Ritonavir D019438 C25198 M0028918 N0000007423 An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Ritonavir Norepinephrine [Chemical/Ingredient] C25204 Levonorepinephrine Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. M0014964 Norepinephrine N0000007426 Levarterenol 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-, (R)- Norepinephrine Noradrenaline D009638 7512 C0028351 Norepinephrine atorvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0286651 83367 C065179 C25208 atorvastatin M0179294 N0000007428 atorvastatin atorvastatin liptonorm Ethanol [Chemical/Ingredient] 448 Grain Alcohol C0001962 D000431 Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. N0000007432 M0000653 Alcohol, Ethyl C25216 Captopril [Chemical/Ingredient] M0003319 Captopril (S)-1-(3-Mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-L-proline 1998 L-Proline, 1-(3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-, (S)- Captopril C0006938 C25222 D002216 A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin. N0000007435 Captopril Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] M0000663 Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) D000438 N0000007439 Alcohols Alcohols Alcohols C25230 455 C0001975 fluvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] 41127 fluindostatin M0179302 C0082608 7-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoate fluvastatin fluvastatin fluvastatin C25244 N0000007446 C065180 Minoxidil [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007452 M0013916 C0026196 6984 Minoxidil Minoxidil D008914 C25256 A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371) Minoxidil 2,4-Pyrimidinediamine, 6-(1-piperidinyl)-, 3-oxide Amino Acids, Essential [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002525 D000601 Amino Acids, Essential M0000927 C25296 N0000007472 Essential Amino Acids 663 Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs. Amino Acids, Essential sildenafil [Chemical/Ingredient] C0529793 C101426 M0265894 sildenafil 136411 N0000007479 sildenafil sildenafil C25310 Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Alkaloids C0002062 496 Alkaloids D000470 Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) C25362 M0000713 N0000007503 Oligopeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] 7639 Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids. D009842 Oligopeptides M0015279 Oligopeptides N0000007507 C0028954 C25370 Metoprolol [Chemical/Ingredient] Metoprolol D008790 Metoprolol A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS. 6918 2-Propanol, 1-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)-3-((1-methylethyl)amino)-, (+-)- Metoprolol C0025859 M0013686 N0000007508 C25372 Anilides [Chemical/Ingredient] Anilides N0000007515 C0003035 D000813 842 C25386 M0001214 Anilides Benzamides [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzamides BENZOIC ACID amides. C25396 C0005029 1381 Benzamides M0002327 N0000007520 D001549 Benzazepines [Chemical/Ingredient] M0002330 Benzazepines C0005034 1384 C25404 D001552 N0000007524 Benzazepines Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES. Benzene Derivatives [Chemical/Ingredient] 1387 D001555 C0005037 C25406 Benzene Derivatives Benzene Derivatives N0000007525 M0002333 Phenethylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] D010627 N0000007526 Phenylethylamines Phenethylamines C25408 M0016506 C0031399 A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta- aminoethylbenzene which is structurally and pharmacologically related to amphetamine. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) 8127 Phenethylamines Benzhydryl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzhydryl Compounds D001559 Diphenylmethyl Compounds N0000007528 C25412 1392 C0005046 Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed. M0002345 Benzhydryl Compounds Digitalis Glycosides [Chemical/Ingredient] C25424 3400 Digitalis Glycosides Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis. N0000007534 C0012253 M0006379 D004071 Digitalis Glycosides Benzimidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] Compounds with a BENZENE fused to IMIDAZOLES. C0005050 D001562 C25428 M0002348 Benzimidazoles Benzimidazoles 1396 N0000007536 Phenols [Chemical/Ingredient] M0016520 Phenols C25436 8140 Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure. C0031428 N0000007540 Phenols D010636 Anions [Chemical/Ingredient] D000838 C25438 Anions N0000007541 M0001248 C0003075 Anions 853 Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis. Cardenolides [Chemical/Ingredient] C0007143 C(23)-steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a five-membered lactone at C-17. They are aglycone constituents of CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES and must have at least one double bond in the molecule. The class includes cardadienolides and cardatrienolides. Members include DIGITOXIN and DIGOXIN and their derivatives and the STROPHANTHINS. N0000007543 Cardenolides D002298 M0003448 2078 Cardenolides C25442 Phenothiazines [Chemical/Ingredient] Phenothiazines C25444 8146 M0016525 N0000007544 C0031436 Compounds containing dibenzo-1,4-thiazine. Some of them are neuroactive. D010640 Phenothiazines Benzofurans [Chemical/Ingredient] D001572 C0005068 M0002359 Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. N0000007548 Benzofurans Coumarones 1405 C25452 Benzofurans Phenyl Ethers [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007549 M0016542 C25454 Phenyl Ethers 8154 C0031449 Ethers that are linked to a benzene ring structure. Phenyl Ethers D010647 Benzophenones [Chemical/Ingredient] 1410 Benzophenones C0005077 Benzophenones M0002366 C25460 D001577 N0000007552 Benzothiadiazines [Chemical/Ingredient] D001581 Heterocyclic compounds of a ring with SULFUR and two NITROGEN atoms fused to a BENZENE ring. Members inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS and are used as DIURETICS. Benzothiadiazines N0000007554 1414 M0002371 C25464 Benzothiadiazines C0005084 Dihydropyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] Dihydropyridines C25468 N0000007556 C0012315 D004095 M0006414 Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. Dihydropyridines 3427 Pyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034255 Pyridines Pyridines D011725 8995 Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES. N0000007570 C25496 M0018233 Halogens [Chemical/Ingredient] D006219 Halogens Halogens 5092 C25502 C0018544 M0009770 Group 17 Elements A family of nonmetallic, generally electronegative, elements that form group 17 (formerly group VIIa) of the periodic table. N0000007573 Pyridones [Chemical/Ingredient] C25506 8999 D011728 Pyridones Pyridones N0000007575 M0018236 Pyridinones Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring. C0034260 Biogenic Monoamines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25528 D015306 1565 Biogenic Monoamines M0023566 C0005497 N0000007586 Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids. Monoamines, Biogenic Biogenic Monoamines Pyrimidines [Chemical/Ingredient] Pyrimidines N0000007587 M0018260 C25530 Pyrimidines C0034289 9015 D011743 A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates. Pyrroles [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034325 Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties. Pyrroles D011758 Pyrroles N0000007592 M0018276 C25540 9033 1-aza-2,4-cyclopentadiene Pyrrolidines [Chemical/Ingredient] 9034 M0018277 D011759 C0034326 Pyrrolidines Pyrrolidines C25542 N0000007593 Quinazolines [Chemical/Ingredient] 9064 N0000007605 Quinazolines Quinazolines M0018336 C25570 C0034407 D011799 Quinolones [Chemical/Ingredient] Ketoquinolines C25572 Quinolinones Quinolones Oxoquinolines 9080 N0000007606 D015363 A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID. M0023650 Quinolones C0034428 Ergolines [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007618 C25596 C0014699 Ergolines 4020 M0007652 D004873 A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure. Ergolines Ergonovine [Chemical/Ingredient] Ergobasin N0000007619 C25598 M0007653 Ergonovine C0014704 Ergoline-8-carboxamide, 9,10-didehydro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methyl-, (8beta(S))- Ergometrin Ergonovine 4021 D004874 An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties. Ergometrine Ergonovine Ergot Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Ergot Alkaloids Clavine Alkaloids Ergots Alkaloids originally isolated from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea (Hypocreaceae). They include compounds that are structurally related to ergoline (ERGOLINES) and ergotamine (ERGOTAMINES). Many of the ergot alkaloids act as alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Ergot Alkaloids 4023 C25600 C0014707 M0007656 Ergot Alkaloids N0000007620 D004876 Ergotamines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25602 C0014711 4026 A series of structurally-related alkaloids containing the ergotaman backbone structure. Ergotamines M0007665 N0000007621 D004879 Ergotamines Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Acids M0000220 D000143 230 C0001128 C25612 Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Acids N0000007626 Acids, Acyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] Acyclic Acids Acids, Acyclic Acids, Acyclic M0000221 231 D000144 C0001129 N0000007627 C25614 Carboxylic acids that have open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures. Acids, Carbocyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] Carbocyclic Acids Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon. Acids, Carbocyclic 233 D000146 N0000007628 C25616 M0000223 Acids, Carbocyclic C0001131 Acids, Heterocyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] Acids, Heterocyclic Acids, Heterocyclic N0000007629 Heterocyclic Acids A class of acids containing a ring structure in which at least one atom other than CARBON is incorporated. C25618 C0001132 234 M0000224 D000147 Acids, Noncarboxylic [Chemical/Ingredient] D000148 Inorganic acids with a non metal, other than carbon, attached to hydrogen, or an acid radical containing no carbon. 235 N0000007630 C25620 Noncarboxylic Acids Acids, Noncarboxylic Acids, Noncarboxylic M0000225 C0001133 Nicotinic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007641 C25642 7412 2-, 3-, or 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acids. Pyridine derivatives substituted with a carboxy group at the 2-, 3-, or 4-position. The 3-carboxy derivative (NIACIN) is active as a vitamin. Nicotinic Acids Nicotinic Acids M0014839 C0028049 D009539 Nitrates [Chemical/Ingredient] Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. C25654 M0014874 Nitrates D009566 7439 C0028125 N0000007647 Nitrates Lanatosides [Chemical/Ingredient] M0012199 D007799 C25666 Lanatosides 6225 Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670) C0022994 Lanatosides Digilanides N0000007653 Propanolamines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25698 M0017745 Aminopropanols C0033442 D011412 Propanolamines AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the propanolamine (NH2CH2CHOHCH2) group and its derivatives. 8760 N0000007669 Propanolamines Organic Chemicals [Chemical/Ingredient] C25712 Organic Chemicals Organic Chemicals A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form. C0029224 N0000007676 D009930 M0015401 7692 Propiophenones [Chemical/Ingredient] Propiophenones 8780 N0000007679 D011427 M0017764 C25718 C0033483 Propiophenones Amides [Chemical/Ingredient] Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) C0002482 C25722 Amides Amides N0000007681 M0000897 633 D000577 Organometallic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C25726 Organometallic Compounds Metalloorganic Compounds N0000007683 A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Metallo-Organic Compounds D009942 M0015420 C0029252 Organometallic Compounds 7695 Propylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] Propylamines N0000007691 C25742 D011437 Propylamines M0017781 8790 C0033504 Dipeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] Dipeptides 3496 Peptides composed of two amino acid units. M0006502 D004151 C25754 Dipeptides C0012512 N0000007697 Amino Acids, Branched-Chain [Chemical/Ingredient] Amino Acids, Branched Chain Amino Acids, Branched-Chain M0000923 N0000007702 659 C25764 Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain. D000597 Amino Acids, Branched-Chain C0002521 Amino Acids, Cyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] 660 M0000924 N0000007703 C25766 Amino Acids, Cyclic A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure. Cyclic Amino Acids D000598 Amino Acids, Cyclic C0002522 Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007714 4299 M0008269 C25788 Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated C0015687 Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position. Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated D005229 Catecholamines [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007715 Catecholamines M0003647 D002395 Sympathins 2146 A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine. C0007412 C25790 Catecholamines Fatty Acids, Unsaturated [Chemical/Ingredient] M0008271 Fatty Acids, Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Unsaturated C0015690 C25794 FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. N0000007717 D005231 4302 Steroids [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007720 A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) 10072 M0020527 D013256 Steroids C25800 C0038317 Steroids Biogenic Amines [Chemical/Ingredient] D001679 M0002518 Amines, Biogenic N0000007726 C25812 C0005496 Biogenic Amines 1564 Biogenic Amine Biogenic Amines A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology. Quinidine [Chemical/Ingredient] C25816 An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission. Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (9S)- 9068 Chinidin Quinidine M0018341 N0000007728 Quinidine Quinidine D011802 C0034414 Quinolines [Chemical/Ingredient] D011804 C25822 C0034424 N0000007731 9077 M0018350 Quinolines Quinolines Quinuclidines [Chemical/Ingredient] Quinuclidines Quinuclidines N0000007740 C0034439 D011812 9086 M0018359 C25840 Phthalazines [Chemical/Ingredient] Phthalazines 8288 N0000007752 D010793 Phthalazines M0016766 C25864 C0031780 Ferric Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C25868 4345 Ferric Compounds Ferric Compounds D005290 M0008352 Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron. C0015860 N0000007754 Ferricyanides [Chemical/Ingredient] C0015864 N0000007756 Ferricyanides Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6. C25872 D005292 M0008354 4347 Ferricyanides Imidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] Imidazoles D007093 C25898 5684 M0011048 Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES). C0020924 N0000007769 Imidazoles Imino Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007771 D007098 Imino Acids Imino Acids C25902 5689 M0011055 Amino Acids, Secondary C0020931 Secondary Amino Acids Acids, Secondary Amino Ethanolamines [Chemical/Ingredient] Aminoethanols D004983 M0007823 4116 C0014983 Ethanolamines Ethanolamines AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives. N0000007805 C25970 Naphthalenes [Chemical/Ingredient] C0027378 7251 D009281 C25978 N0000007809 M0014459 Naphthalenes Naphthalenes Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics. Polymers [Chemical/Ingredient] C0032521 M0017208 Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS). C26000 N0000007820 8534 Polymers Polymers D011108 Oxazines [Chemical/Ingredient] Oxazines Oxazines C26020 N0000007830 C0030001 Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen. 7783 M0015639 D010078 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins C26026 664 N0000007833 Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages. C0002526 D000602 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins M0000928 Amino Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002530 M0000931 Amino Alcohols C26036 667 N0000007838 Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2). D000605 Amino Alcohols Polystyrenes [Chemical/Ingredient] C26040 N0000007840 M0017261 Polymerized forms of styrene used as a biocompatible material, especially in dentistry. They are thermoplastic and are used as insulators, for injection molding and casting, as sheets, plates, rods, rigid forms and beads. Polystyrenes C0032604 D011137 Polystyrenes 8562 Polystyrol Nitrogen Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] D017672 7457 N0000007847 C26054 Nitrogen Compounds Nitrogen Compounds M0026728 Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule. C0028159 Butyrates [Chemical/Ingredient] D002087 C0006521 Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure. Butyrates Butyrates 1852 C26078 N0000007859 M0003108 Aminopyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002585 M0000964 C26084 N0000007862 D000631 694 Aminopyridines Aminopyridines Pyridines substituted in any position with an amino group. May be hydrogenated, but must retain at least one double bond. Peptides [Chemical/Ingredient] 8036 Peptides Peptides M0016238 N0000007874 Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES. C0030956 C26108 D010455 Biphenyl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Biphenyl Compounds C26120 C0005580 D001713 Biphenyl Compounds M0002570 N0000007880 1590 Amphetamines [Chemical/Ingredient] M0001015 Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation. Amphetamines D000662 C0002667 C26126 Amphetamines N0000007883 726 Ribonucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] Ribonucleosides M0019074 Ribonucleosides C0035546 9356 C26148 Nucleosides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed) D012263 N0000007894 Cycloparaffins [Chemical/Ingredient] C26152 Alicyclic hydrocarbons in which three or more of the carbon atoms in each molecule are united in a ring structure and each of the ring carbon atoms is joined to two hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups. The simplest members are cyclopropane (C3H6), cyclobutane (C4H8), cyclohexane (C6H12), and derivatives of these such as methylcyclohexane (C6H11CH3). (From Sax, et al., Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Cyclic Olefins Cycloalkanes D003516 N0000007896 C0010578 Cycloparaffins Cycloparaffins 2997 M0005477 Glycosides [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007897 Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed) C26154 C0017977 M0009500 Glycosides Glycosides D006027 4958 Cyclopropanes [Chemical/Ingredient] M0005491 Cyclopropanes C0010588 C26160 D003521 Cyclopropanes N0000007900 3005 Elements [Chemical/Ingredient] C0013879 3802 Elements M0007227 N0000007912 D004602 Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons. Elements C26186 Piperazines [Chemical/Ingredient] Piperazines Piperazines C0031958 8341 C26216 N0000007927 D010879 M0016884 Piperidines [Chemical/Ingredient] 8343 A family of hexahydropyridines. C26220 M0016885 Piperidines D010880 C0031960 Piperidines N0000007929 Tetrazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] 10423 N0000007957 Tetrazoles Tetrazoles D013777 M0021253 C26278 C0039703 Isoquinolines [Chemical/Ingredient] D007546 6056 C26284 C0022248 N0000007960 M0011785 A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Isoquinolines Isoquinolines Hydantoins [Chemical/Ingredient] Imidazolidine-2,4-Diones Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS. N0000007970 Hydantoins D006827 C26304 5469 C0020209 M0010672 Hydantoins Hydrocarbons [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007973 Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons C0020242 M0010687 D006838 5476 C26310 Hydrocarbons, Halogenated [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Halogenated Hydrocarbons M0010696 D006846 5484 C26318 C0020250 N0000007977 Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydroxy Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydroxy Acids 5515 C26330 C0020317 Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals. M0010745 D006880 Hydroxy Acids N0000007983 Ethylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] Ethylamines C26386 N0000008011 C0015069 Ethylamines M0007897 D005021 4146 Sugar Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] M0020728 C26422 Alcohols, Sugar Alditols 10163 Sugar Alcohols D013402 C0038654 Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of a sugar to a hydroxyl group.(From Dorland, 28th ed) Sugar Alcohols N0000008029 Guanidines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0018320 C26440 N0000008038 A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties. Guanidines Guanidines 5038 M0009678 D006146 Sulfites [Chemical/Ingredient] Inorganic Sulfites Sulfites, Inorganic N0000008046 Sulfites D013447 10211 C26456 Sulfites C0038750 M0020784 Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid. Sulfonamides [Chemical/Ingredient] 10215 C0038760 C26460 Sulfonamides Sulfonamides M0020790 A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2. Members of this group, also known as sulfa drugs, are derivatives of sulfanilamide, which competitively inhibit folic acid synthesis in microorganisms, and are bacteriostatic. They have been largely supplanted by more effective and less toxic antibiotics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) N0000008048 D013449 Indoles [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008052 Indoles Indoles D007211 M0011238 C26468 Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring. 5779 C0021242 Sulfones [Chemical/Ingredient] C26470 10216 M0020791 Sulfones Sulfones C0038761 N0000008053 D013450 Cinchona Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Cinchona Alkaloids Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona. D002930 C26480 N0000008058 2545 M0004487 Cinchona Alkaloids C0008792 Purine Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] Purine Nucleosides Purine Nucleosides 8950 C26486 M0018166 Purines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PURINE NUCLEOTIDES. N0000008061 D011684 C0034136 Purines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034140 M0018169 C26494 Purines N0000008065 D011687 A series of heterocyclic compounds that are variously substituted in nature and are known also as purine bases. They include ADENINE and GUANINE, constituents of nucleic acids, as well as many alkaloids such as CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism. Purines 8952 Plastics [Chemical/Ingredient] Plastics M0017004 D010969 N0000008071 C26506 Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) C0032167 Plastics 8420 Morpholines [Chemical/Ingredient] Tetrahydro-1,4-Oxazines C26510 7058 M0014072 D009025 Morpholines Morpholines C0026561 N0000008073 Heptanoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] 7-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids. N0000008080 C0019227 Heptanoic Acids M0010246 C26524 5257 Heptanoic Acids D006538 Mandelic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] C26532 6620 Mandelic Acids Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid). M0012974 Mandelic Acids D008333 N0000008084 C0024685 Thiazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] Thiazoles Thiazoles N0000008087 M0021333 D013844 10468 C26538 C0039859 Heterocyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C0019398 C26554 Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Heterocyclic Compounds 5283 M0010290 D006571 N0000008095 Heterocyclic Compounds Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008096 Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring A class of organic compounds containing three ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic D006575 5286 C26556 M0010294 C0019401 Heterocyclic Cpds, 3 Ring Ketones [Chemical/Ingredient] C26582 Ketones N0000008109 C0022634 M0011995 Ketones 6141 D007659 Propanols [Chemical/Ingredient] Propanols Propanols C26588 C0175804 D020005 Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH). Alcohols, Propyl N0000008112 62221 M0029710 Carbamates [Chemical/Ingredient] C26612 Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid. N0000008124 Carbamates Carbamates 2001 D002219 C0006948 M0003327 Styrene [Chemical/Ingredient] C26624 C0038515 A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics. Benzene, ethenyl- Styrol Vinylbenzene D020058 Styrene Styrene Styrene Monomer 1362878 N0000008130 M0029766 Styrene Carboxylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] M0003405 D002264 2060 C0007066 N0000008137 Carboxylic Acids Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. C26638 Carboxylic Acids Cardanolides [Chemical/Ingredient] C26644 Cardanolides Cardanolides The aglycone constituents of CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES. The ring structure is basically a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus attached to a lactone ring at the C-17 position. C0007142 N0000008140 M0003447 D002297 2077 Benzylidene Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Compounds containing the PhCH= radical. N0000008143 D001597 Benzylidene Compounds C0005107 M0002394 1432 Benzylidene Compounds C26650 Pyridazines [Chemical/Ingredient] C26654 C0034250 8993 M0018232 Pyridazines N0000008145 Pyridazines D011724 Cardiac Glycosides [Chemical/Ingredient] Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 5- or 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGARS attached at the 3-position. Plants they come from have long been used in congestive heart failure. They increase the force of cardiac contraction without significantly affecting other parameters, but are very toxic at larger doses. Their mechanism of action usually involves inhibition of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE and they are often used in cell biological studies for that purpose. 2079 M0003451 C26678 Cardiac Glycosides Cardiotonic Steroids C0007158 N0000008157 Cardiac Glycosides D002301 Nitro Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C0028138 D009574 N0000008159 Nitro Compounds Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES. 7447 C26682 Nitro Compounds M0014885 Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic [Chemical/Ingredient] A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96) C0032458 Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 8504 M0017164 C26692 D011084 N0000008164 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Nitric Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] Nitric Acid Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) N0000008166 Nitric Acid Nitric Acid D017942 M0027104 C26696 1311391 Nitric acid C0068808 Amidines [Chemical/Ingredient] 634 D000578 C26698 Amidines Amidines N0000008167 M0000898 C0002483 Amines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002508 Amines A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) C26700 N0000008168 823705 M0000913 D000588 Amines Fatty Acids, Volatile [Chemical/Ingredient] Fatty Acids, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Volatile C26716 D005232 N0000008176 C0015691 4303 Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans. Fatty Acids, Volatile M0008273 Biomedical and Dental Materials [Chemical/Ingredient] Biomedical and Dental Materials Biomedical and Dental Materials M0002544 C26728 N0000008182 D001697 Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. C0005538 1580 Cyanides [Chemical/Ingredient] 2962 Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical. C26734 Cyanides N0000008185 M0005437 C0010505 D003486 Cyanides Imines [Chemical/Ingredient] M0011054 Imines Imines C26744 D007097 N0000008190 C0020930 5688 Ions [Chemical/Ingredient] C26758 M0011678 Ions 5964 D007477 C0022023 N0000008197 Ions An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS. Iron Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008199 Iron Compounds M0540735 D058085 67003 C0684279 C26762 Iron Compounds Organic and inorganic compounds that contain iron as an integral part of the molecule. Ethers [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008201 Ethers Ethers D004987 M0007828 C0014996 4121 C26766 Azoles [Chemical/Ingredient] D001393 C0004504 Azoles Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom. N0000008217 M0002083 1269 Azoles C26798 Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] C0020244 Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. Three or more carbon atoms are arranged in a cyclic structure and they possess aliphatic properties. D006840 Alicyclic Hydrocarbons N0000008228 Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic C26820 M0010689 5478 Hydrocarbons, Aromatic [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008229 5479 C26822 C0020245 Aromatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons, Aromatic M0010690 Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings. Hydrocarbons, Aromatic D006841 Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated [Chemical/Ingredient] C0020249 Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated 5483 M0010695 Fluorinated Hydrocarbons C26826 Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated N0000008231 D006845 Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] M0015066 N0000008235 7578 Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) C26834 Nucleosides Nucleosides D009705 C0028621 Sulfur Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule. M0020800 Sulfur Compounds C26862 N0000008249 Sulfur Compounds D013457 C0038776 1431851 Inorganic Chemicals [Chemical/Ingredient] A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class. D007287 C0021521 N0000008257 M0011365 Inorganic Chemicals C26878 5824 Inorganic Chemicals Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] C26880 D006572 5288 A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms. Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring Bridged-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds M0010291 C0019403 N0000008258 Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] Heterocyclic Cpds, 1-Ring C0019399 A class of organic compounds containing a ring structure made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The ring structure can be aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring 5284 D006573 N0000008259 C26882 Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring M0010292 Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] C26884 A class of organic compounds containing two ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring D006574 5285 N0000008260 M0010293 C0019400 Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings [Chemical/Ingredient] C0019402 Heterocyclic Cpds, 4 or More Rings N0000008261 D006576 5287 A class of organic compounds containing four or more ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings C26886 M0010295 Electrolytes [Chemical/Ingredient] Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) C26910 C0013832 M0007189 Electrolytes N0000008272 D004573 3793 Electrolytes Styrenes [Chemical/Ingredient] Styrenes Styrenes N0000008277 M0020644 10132 C26920 Derivatives and polymers of styrene. They are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, and resins. Some of the polymers form the skeletal structures for ion exchange resin beads. C0038513 D013343 Hydrocarbons, Cyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen forming a closed ring that may be either alicyclic or aromatic. 5482 Hydrocarbons, Cyclic Cyclic Hydrocarbons C0020248 Hydrocarbons, Cyclic D006844 M0010694 N0000008280 C26926 Hydrogen Cyanide [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials. 1367183 Hydrocyanic Acid C26928 Hydrogen Cyanide M0010712 Hydrogen Cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide C0020270 N0000008281 D006856 Hydrocyanic acid Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] D009706 C26930 Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges). Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides 7579 N0000008282 C0028622 Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides M0015067 Adrenal Cortical Activity Alteration [PE] C1371274 Adrenal Cortical Activity Alteration 985815 C26948 N0000008291 Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] C26962 C1371490 986283 N0000008298 Arterial Vasoconstriction Arterial Vasodilation [PE] Arterial Vasodilation C1371278 984618 N0000008299 C26964 Atrial Repolarization [PE] N0000008303 Atrial Repolarization 1032452 C1371280 C26972 Bladder Sphincter Tone Alteration [PE] N0000008306 C1371290 Bladder Sphincter Tone Alteration C26978 989817 Blood & Lymphatic Fluid Function Alteration [PE] C1371289 Blood & Lymphatic Fluid Function Alteration 988284 N0000008307 C26980 Breast Function Alteration [PE] C26998 Breast Function Alteration 990630 C1371304 N0000008316 Breast Milk Secretion [PE] Breast Milk Secretion 986284 N0000008319 C1371301 C27004 Bronchial Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] Bronchial Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration C1371300 C27006 N0000008320 988934 Bronchoconstriction [PE] C0079043 C27008 N0000008321 1024751 Bronchoconstriction Cardiac Contractility Alteration [PE] 986415 N0000008328 C27022 C1371293 Cardiac Contractility Alteration Cardiac Rate Alteration [PE] Cardiac Rate Alteration C2825066 985479 N0000008329 C27024 Cardiac Rhythm Alteration [PE] C27026 Cardiac Rhythm Alteration N0000008330 988420 C1371292 Cardiovascular Activity Alteration [PE] C27028 988145 C1371291 N0000008331 Cardiovascular Activity Alteration Cell Membrane Alteration [PE] N0000008334 1031394 C0544958 C27034 Cell Membrane Alteration Cellular Activity Alteration [PE] Cellular Activity Alteration N0000008337 985006 C1371483 C27040 Cellular Structure Alteration [PE] C27058 C1371474 N0000008346 990421 Cellular Structure Alteration Cerebral Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] 990151 N0000008351 Cerebral Arterial Vasoconstriction C1371311 C27068 Cerebral Arterial Vasodilation [PE] C1371310 N0000008352 988849 Cerebral Arterial Vasodilation C27070 Cholesterol Absorption Alteration [PE] Cholesterol Absorption Alteration C27082 988421 N0000008358 C1371471 Cholesterol Metabolism Alteration [PE] 988014 C27086 N0000008360 Cholesterol Metabolism Alteration C1371469 Cholesterol Synthesis Alteration [PE] C27088 N0000008361 C1371468 Cholesterol Synthesis Alteration 988147 Conduction System Depolarization [PE] N0000008369 Conduction System Depolarization 985660 C1371319 C27104 Conduction System Repolarization [PE] C1371318 C27106 985661 N0000008370 Conduction System Repolarization Conjunctival Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] Conjunctival Arterial Vasoconstriction C27108 N0000008371 C1371317 989471 Coronary Arterial Vasodilation [PE] 990108 C27116 Coronary Arterial Vasodilation N0000008375 C1371463 Cutaneous Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] N0000008376 C1371462 Cutaneous Arterial Vasoconstriction 986416 C27118 Cutaneous Arterial Vasodilation [PE] N0000008377 Cutaneous Arterial Vasodilation 987881 C1371461 C27120 Decreased Autonomic Nervous System Norepinephrine Activity [PE] C2267191 N0000008412 C27190 989573 Decreased Autonomic Nervous System Norepinephrine Activity Decreased Autonomic Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] 987033 C1371443 C27192 N0000008413 Decreased Autonomic Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity Decreased Bladder Sphincter Tone [PE] C1371408 N0000008421 C27208 988422 Decreased Bladder Sphincter Tone Decreased Bradykinin Degradation [PE] N0000008423 C1371406 989574 C27212 Decreased Bradykinin Degradation Decreased Cardiac Muscle Organized Electrical Activity [PE] C27310 987282 C1371357 N0000008472 Decreased Cardiac Muscle Organized Electrical Activity Decreased Cholesterol Absorption [PE] N0000008553 984431 C27472 C1371530 Decreased Cholesterol Absorption Decreased Cholesterol Synthesis [PE] C1371532 N0000008555 987433 C27476 Decreased Cholesterol Synthesis Decreased Disorganized Electrical Activity [PE] N0000008578 C1371555 C27522 986372 Decreased Disorganized Electrical Activity Decreased Eicosanoid Production [PE] N0000008592 986162 Decreased Eicosanoid Production C27550 C1371569 Decreased GI Smooth Muscle Tone [PE] N0000008636 Decreased GI Smooth Muscle Tone 989577 C27638 C1371646 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation [PE] Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation N0000008664 986197 C27694 C1371673 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Production [PE] C27696 C1371674 N0000008665 987036 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Production Decreased Intravascular Volume [PE] Decreased Intravascular Volume N0000008669 988730 C27704 C1371678 Decreased Kinin Degradation [PE] C1371684 C27718 987233 N0000008676 Decreased Kinin Degradation Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Production [PE] C27738 N0000008686 984433 C1371694 Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Production Decreased Lipolysis [PE] C1371696 N0000008688 988100 Decreased Lipolysis C27742 Decreased Mineralocorticoid Secretion [PE] 985529 Decreased Mineralocorticoid Secretion C27828 N0000008731 C1371739 Decreased Muscular System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] C1371762 N0000008754 Decreased Muscular System Organized Electrical Activity 985532 C27874 Decreased Norepinephrine Activity [PE] Decreased Norepinephrine Activity C27894 C2267200 989127 N0000008764 Decreased Organized Electrical Activity [PE] C1371776 987290 Decreased Organized Electrical Activity N0000008768 C27902 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Norepinephrine Activity [PE] C28006 987038 N0000008820 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Norepinephrine Activity C2267202 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity C28008 989609 N0000008821 C1371829 Decreased Platelet Activating Factor Production [PE] C1371839 C28028 986002 Decreased Platelet Activating Factor Production N0000008831 Decreased Platelet Aggregation [PE] C28030 Decreased Platelet Aggregation C0855739 989580 N0000008832 Decreased Prostaglandin Production [PE] Decreased Prostaglandin Production C28038 N0000008836 987922 C1371843 Decreased Renal Ion Excretion [PE] C28082 988472 N0000008858 C1371865 Decreased Renal Ion Excretion Decreased Renal K+ Excretion [PE] C1371866 C28084 Decreased Renal K+ Excretion 987923 N0000008859 Decreased Respiratory Secretions [PE] Decreased Respiratory Secretions C28102 N0000008868 985021 C1371875 Decreased Sensory-Somatic Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] 990252 Decreased Sensory-Somatic Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity C1371896 N0000008889 C28144 Decreased Nasal and Sinus Secretions [PE] Decreased Nasal and Sinus Secretions N0000008896 988102 C28158 C1371903 Decreased Striated Muscle Contraction [PE] 987443 C28272 C1371959 N0000008953 Decreased Striated Muscle Contraction Decreased Sympathetic Norepinephrine Activity [PE] C2267207 Decreased Sympathetic Norepinephrine Activity C28350 N0000008992 986379 Decreased Sympathetic Organized Electrical Activity [PE] Decreased Sympathetic Organized Electrical Activity C1371999 986429 C28352 N0000008993 Decreased Thromboxane Production [PE] C28378 987590 Decreased Thromboxane Production C1372012 N0000009006 Digestive/GI System Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009022 990045 Digestive/GI System Activity Alteration C28410 C1372028 Disorganized Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] 987926 C28414 N0000009024 C1372030 Disorganized Electrical Activity Alteration Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009027 C1372033 C28420 Electrical Activity Alteration 985119 Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] 990694 N0000009036 C1372041 C28438 Endocrine Activity Alteration Female Reproductive System Activity Alteration [PE] Female Reproductive System Activity Alteration C28454 C1372049 985744 N0000009044 GI Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] C1372054 C28464 GI Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration N0000009049 989000 Generalized Systemic Effects [PE] C1372062 C28480 N0000009057 990172 Generalized Systemic Effects Hematologic Activity Alteration [PE] 986633 Hematologic Activity Alteration N0000009065 C1372069 C28496 Hemic/Lymphatic Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009069 C28504 C1372073 990696 Hemic/Lymphatic Activity Alteration Hemostasis Alteration [PE] C1372074 N0000009070 Hemostasis Alteration C28506 989781 Immunologic Activity Alteration [PE] C1372077 C28512 N0000009073 990814 Immunologic Activity Alteration Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation Alteration [PE] N0000009075 989847 C1372079 Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation Alteration C28516 Immunologically Active Molecule Production Alteration [PE] C1372080 C28518 Immunologically Active Molecule Production Alteration 989133 N0000009076 Increased Cardiac Muscle Organized Electrical Activity [PE] 985492 Increased Cardiac Muscle Organized Electrical Activity C1372172 C28702 N0000009168 Increased Distal Tubule H+ Excretion [PE] C1372279 989312 C28916 N0000009275 Increased Distal Tubule H+ Excretion Increased Distal Tubule K+ Excretion [PE] N0000009277 Increased Distal Tubule K+ Excretion C28920 C1372281 984847 Increased Distal Tubule Na+ Excretion [PE] Increased Distal Tubule Na+ Excretion 987639 C1372283 N0000009279 C28924 Increased Muscular System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] N0000009446 Increased Muscular System Organized Electrical Activity 989860 C1372445 C29258 Increased Nitric Oxide Activity [PE] 984699 Increased Nitric Oxide Activity C29276 N0000009455 C1372454 Increased Organized Electrical Activity [PE] 985295 N0000009460 C1372459 C29286 Increased Organized Electrical Activity Increased Renal H+ Excretion [PE] N0000009548 C29462 C1372546 989634 Increased Renal H+ Excretion Increased Renal Ion Excretion [PE] C1372548 Increased Renal Ion Excretion C29466 989861 N0000009550 Increased Renal K+ Excretion [PE] N0000009551 986593 Increased Renal K+ Excretion C1372549 C29468 Increased Renal Na+ Excretion [PE] 986790 N0000009553 C29472 Increased Renal Na+ Excretion C1372551 Intravascular Volume Alteration [PE] C1372729 C29830 Intravascular Volume Alteration 987907 N0000009732 Lipid Metabolism Alteration [PE] N0000009739 987514 C29844 Lipid Metabolism Alteration C0548934 Male Reproductive System Activity Alteration [PE] 987654 N0000009742 C1372738 C29850 Male Reproductive System Activity Alteration Metabolic Activity Alteration [PE] C1372744 N0000009748 990190 Metabolic Activity Alteration C29862 Mucosal Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] Mucosal Arterial Vasoconstriction 986890 N0000009751 C29868 C1372747 Musculoskeletal Activity Alteration [PE] C1372751 N0000009755 C29876 Musculoskeletal Activity Alteration 985711 Negative Chronotropy [PE] N0000009756 Negative Chronotropy C1372752 986396 C29878 Negative Inotropy [PE] N0000009757 C29880 990886 C1372753 Negative Inotropy Nervous System Activity Alteration [PE] C2916815 Nervous System Activity Alteration C29884 987311 N0000009759 Neurotransmitter & Neuromuscular Transmitter Activity Alteration [PE] C29888 Neurotransmitter & Neuromuscular Transmitter Activity Alteration N0000009761 C1372757 989639 Nitric Oxide Activity Alteration [PE] 987515 C29890 Nitric Oxide Activity Alteration C1372758 N0000009762 Nodal Depolarization [PE] Nodal Depolarization C1372759 N0000009763 C29892 987463 Nodal Repolarization [PE] Nodal Repolarization 987312 N0000009764 C1372760 C29894 Norepinephrine Activity Alteration [PE] 985713 C29896 Norepinephrine Activity Alteration C1372761 N0000009765 Organ System Specific Effects [PE] N0000009770 C29906 Organ System Specific Effects 985923 C1372766 Organized Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] Organized Electrical Activity Alteration 988792 N0000009774 C29914 C1372770 Penile Venous Vasodilation [PE] N0000009798 C1372794 988321 C29962 Penile Venous Vasodilation Physiological Effects [PE] C1372798 N0000009802 C29970 Physiological Effects 984490 Platelet Aggregation Alteration [PE] C1372803 1030000 C29980 N0000009807 Platelet Aggregation Alteration Positive Chronotropy [PE] N0000009808 Positive Chronotropy C1372804 C29982 987259 Positive Inotropy [PE] Positive Inotropy C29984 989869 N0000009809 C1372805 Prostatic Alteration [PE] 990027 N0000009811 Prostatic Alteration C29988 C1372807 Renal Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] N0000009825 C1372856 989641 Renal Arterial Vasoconstriction C30016 Renal Arterial Vasodilation [PE] C30018 988963 N0000009826 C1372857 Renal Arterial Vasodilation Renal Ion Transport Alteration [PE] C1372861 C30026 Renal Ion Transport Alteration 984183 N0000009830 Renal/Urological Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009832 988191 C30030 C1372863 Renal/Urological Activity Alteration Reproductive System Activity Alteration [PE] 990488 C1372864 Reproductive System Activity Alteration C30032 N0000009833 Respiratory Secretion Alteration [PE] N0000009836 Respiratory Secretion Alteration C1372867 984707 C30038 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] C30042 C1372869 987051 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration N0000009838 Respiratory/Pulmonary Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009839 C30044 Respiratory/Pulmonary Activity Alteration C1372870 987910 Striated Muscle Contraction Alteration [PE] 984654 Striated Muscle Contraction Alteration C1372910 N0000009879 C30124 Systemic Venous Vasodilation [PE] 990847 Systemic Venous Vasodilation N0000009883 C1372914 C30132 Triglyceride Metabolism Alteration [PE] N0000009895 988124 C1372926 C30156 Triglyceride Metabolism Alteration Vascular Tone Alteration [PE] Vascular Tone Alteration C30178 C1372937 N0000009906 987659 Vasoconstriction [PE] Vasoconstriction C30182 N0000009908 C0042396 1022844 Vasodilation [PE] C30184 1021984 N0000009909 C0042401 Vasodilation Venous Vasodilation [PE] 989329 N0000009911 C30188 Venous Vasodilation C1372940 Ventricular Repolarization [PE] 986031 Ventricular Repolarization N0000009914 C1372942 C30194 Unknown Cellular or Molecular Interaction [MoA] C1373108 C30196 990716 Unknown Cellular or Molecular Interaction N0000009915 Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists [MoA] C1373110 C30202 Adrenergic alpha-2 Agonists Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists N0000009918 1035126 Adrenergic alpha1-Antagonists [MoA] C1373137 Adrenergic alpha1-Antagonists C30204 N0000009919 Adrenergic alpha-1 Antagonists alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists 990490 Adrenergic beta1-Agonists [MoA] Adrenergic beta-1 Agonists C30208 Adrenergic beta1-Agonists 988194 beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists N0000009921 C1373135 Unknown Physiological Effect [PE] N0000009925 990891 Unknown Physiological Effect C30216 C1372849 Systemic Arterial Vasodilation [PE] 989331 C1372836 C30248 Systemic Arterial Vasodilation N0000009940 Systemic Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] 988324 Systemic Arterial Vasoconstriction C30250 N0000009941 C1372835 Sterol Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] Sterol Synthesis Inhibitors C1373112 988794 C30280 N0000009956 Dose Forms [Dose Form] 987323 C2267212 C30528 N0000010010 RxNorm Dose Forms Pill [Dose Form] N0000010024 1151133 Pill C30642 C0994475 Pill ezetimibe [Chemical/Ingredient] C1142985 (1-(4-fluorophenyl)-(3R)-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-(3S)-hydroxypropyl)-(4S)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone) ezetimibe N0000010117 ezetimib C108606 C31254 ezetimibe 341248 M0422151 ezetimibe Pregnancy [Disease/Finding] N0000010195 C31746 289908002 C0032961 Pregnancy 1022794 Physiologic States [Disease/Finding] 989040 C31750 N0000010197 C2916830 Physiologic States Demographic States [Disease/Finding] C31754 N0000010198 Demographic States 985726 C2916805 Age Categories [Disease/Finding] 989345 C31762 N0000010202 C2916832 Age Categories Infant [Disease/Finding] Infant N0000010203 1023674 133931009 C31764 C0021270 Child [Disease/Finding] 1025000 410601007 C31768 Child N0000010205 C0008059 Young Child [Disease/Finding] C0728836 N0000010207 C31772 74489007 1029003 Young Child Adolescent [Disease/Finding] N0000010214 Adolescent 133937008 59223006 C31786 C0205653 1023260 Lactation [Disease/Finding] 1025167 C0022925 169741004 Lactation C31790 N0000010216 Sterol Metabolism Alteration [PE] C31802 Sterol Metabolism Alteration C1371579 990415 N0000010222 Pregnancy Third Trimester [Disease/Finding] N0000010245 C31848 41587001 Pregnancy Third Trimester 255248002 C0032981 1023212 Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] C31894 Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration 985732 N0000010268 C1371604 Lengthen Conduction System Depolarization Time [PE] C31924 987666 N0000010283 C1371584 Lengthen Conduction System Depolarization Time Delay Conduction System Repolarization [PE] N0000010287 C31932 987486 C1371590 Delay Conduction System Repolarization alfuzosin [Chemical/Ingredient] N-(3-((4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)methylamino)propyl)tetrahydro-2-furancarboxamide alfuzosin alfuzosin N0000010340 alphuzosine 17300 alfusozine C047638 C53846 C0051150 M0137486 alfuzosin rosuvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] rosuvastatin rosuvastatin C0965129 M0382713 N0000010356 301542 6-Heptenoic acid, 7-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-(ethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino)-5-pyrimidinyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-, (3R,5S,6E) C53922 rosuvastatin C422923 Drug Products by VA Class 985512 Drug Products by VA Class C2267083 N0000010574 C281072 Drug Products by Generic Ingredient Combinations C2267084 C288626 987399 N0000010582 Drug Products by Generic Ingredient Combinations A [Preparations] 989498 C288627 N0000010583 A [Preparations] C2267085 B [Preparations] 987472 C288628 N0000010584 C2267086 B [Preparations] C [Preparations] C [Preparations] 987820 C288629 C2267087 N0000010585 D [Preparations] C288630 N0000010586 C2267088 D [Preparations] 990856 E [Preparations] E [Preparations] C2267089 984666 C288631 N0000010587 F [Preparations] 986610 C2267090 N0000010588 C288632 F [Preparations] G [Preparations] N0000010589 C288633 C2267091 986405 G [Preparations] H [Preparations] 985945 C288634 C2741642 N0000010590 H [Preparations] I [Preparations] C288635 N0000010591 C2267092 I [Preparations] 987875 L [Preparations] C288638 L [Preparations] N0000010594 C2267094 984195 M [Preparations] C2267095 989499 C288639 M [Preparations] N0000010595 N [Preparations] 984993 C2267096 C288640 N0000010596 N [Preparations] P [Preparations] C2267098 P [Preparations] 987400 C288642 N0000010598 R [Preparations] C288644 N0000010600 987269 C2267100 R [Preparations] S [Preparations] S [Preparations] C2267101 C288645 985848 N0000010601 T [Preparations] N0000010602 989806 T [Preparations] C288646 C2267102 V [Preparations] C2267104 V [Preparations] C288648 984196 N0000010604 Hepatic Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] N0000010941 1026586 59927004 C291294 C1306571 Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. M0461663 Hepatic Insufficiency Hepatic Insufficiency Liver Insufficiency D048550 Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced [Disease/Finding] Gestational Hypertension 308551004 48194001 987054 C291390 Pregnancy Induced Hypertension C0340274 Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced N0000011037 M0452741 A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions. D046110 Genetic Diseases, Inborn [Disease/Finding] Genetic Diseases, Inborn Genetic Diseases, Inborn M0385531 D030342 C0950123 Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. C291458 1025368 N0000011105 Inborn Genetic Diseases Glucose Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] Glucose Metabolism Disorders C291476 126877002 M0446458 N0000011123 Glucose Metabolic Disorder 989730 Glucose Metabolic Disorders Pathological conditions in which the BLOOD GLUCOSE cannot be maintained within the normal range, such as in HYPOGLYCEMIA and HYPERGLYCEMIA. Etiology of these disorders varies. Plasma glucose concentration is critical to survival for it is the predominant fuel for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Glucose Metabolism Disorders Glucose Metabolism Disorder C1257958 D044882 Diabetes Complications [Disease/Finding] Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE. Diabetic Complications C291479 C0342257 D048909 Diabetes Complications 1023143 372069003 N0000011126 190422004 Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes-Related Complications M0462957 Diabetes Complications Cardiomyopathies [Disease/Finding] C291490 Cardiomyopathies Cardiomyopathies 85898001 D009202 57809008 C0878544 1025008 M0014337 Myocardial Diseases N0000011137 A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). Myocardiopathies Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids D046948 Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids C291543 469968 Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids Secologanin Indole Alkaloids M0456000 C1449663 Compounds formed by condensation of secologanin with tryptamine resulting in a tetrahydro-beta-carboline which is processed further to a number of bioactive compounds. These are especially found in plants of the APOCYNACEAE; LOGANIACEAE; and RUBIACEAE families. N0000011187 Indole Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Group of alkaloids containing a benzylpyrrole group (derived from TRYPTOPHAN) D026121 287953 C291544 M0377033 N0000011188 Indole Alkaloids Indole Alkaloids C0949738 Fluoroquinolones [Chemical/Ingredient] D024841 M0372253 Fluoroquinolones Fluoroquinolones C291546 287913 N0000011190 C0949665 A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group. Imidazolines [Chemical/Ingredient] C291660 Imidazolines 470102 Imidazolines D048288 N0000011304 Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLES containing a single double bond. C1449836 M0461078 Imidazolidines [Chemical/Ingredient] M0461079 D048289 470103 Imidazolidines N0000011314 Imidazolidines C291670 Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLINES which contain no double bonds in the ring. C1449837 Aza Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] M0002056 Aza Compounds 1249 D001372 C291680 N0000011324 Aza Compounds C0004471 Macrocyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] 469970 Macrocyclic Compounds Macrocycle Compounds M0456185 C291686 Macrocyclic Compounds N0000011330 D047028 C1449665 Cyclic compounds with a ring size of approximately 1-4 dozen atoms. Polycyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures. M0017162 N0000011331 Polycyclic Compounds Polycyclic Compounds C0032456 D011083 8502 C291687 Benzylisoquinolines [Chemical/Ingredient] C291712 382269 M0444533 Benzylisoquinolines Benzylisoquinolines C1257875 Benzyl-Isoquinolines ISOQUINOLINES with a benzyl substituent. N0000011356 D044182 Fluorobenzenes [Chemical/Ingredient] D005464 N0000011440 C0016334 4482 C291797 M0008621 Fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes Azetidines [Chemical/Ingredient] C291815 D001384 M0002072 1260 C0004490 N0000011458 Azetidines Azetidines Azetines [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000011459 C0004491 1261 M0002073 C291816 Azetines Azetines D001385 Vascular Alterations [PE] 984378 N0000020002 Vascular Alterations C2267116 C300387 Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors [MoA] C2267138 Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitor N0000020026 985515 C300412 Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitors Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors L-Calcium Channel Receptor Antagonists [MoA] L-Calcium Channel Receptor Antagonists C300455 989377 N0000020065 C2916833 ERGONOVINE