]> 2019-01-12 A biomedical ontology in the domain of drug adverse events Edison Ong Hong Yu Noemi Garg ODAE is a biomedical ontology in the area of drug adverse events. It is developed by following OBO Foundry principles (e.g., openness, collaboration). ODAE: Ontology of Drug Adverse Events OWL-DL Solomiya Nysak Vision Release: 1.0.08 Yongqun "Oliver" He BFO OWL specification label BFO OWL specification label Really of interest to developers only Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. BFO CLIF specification label BFO CLIF specification label Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 has_RxCUI editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) editor preferred term example of usage example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober example of usage has curation status has curation status OBI_0000281 PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition textual definition definition definition DEFINITION English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. definition GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. definition editor note editor note editor note 1 IAO:0000116 editor_note editor_note uberon An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober editor note term editor definition editor term editor 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people PERSON:Daniel Schober term editor alternative term alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober alternative term definition source definition source Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober definition source formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 curator notes curator note curator note 1 IAO:0000232 curator_notes curator_notes uberon An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note imported from imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot imported from expand expression to expand assertion to OBO foundry unique label elucidation elucidation has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) has associated axiom(fol) Has_NICHD_Parent Has_NICHD_Parent A property created to allow the source NICHD to assign a parent to each concept with the intent of creating a hierarchy that includes only terms in which they are the contributing source. A11 Conceptual Entity Has_NICHD_Parent code code code NHC0 true Semantic_Type Conceptual Entity Semantic Type Semantic_Type Semantic_Type P106 In general, applying semantic types aids in allowing users (or computer programs) to draw conclusions about concepts by virtue of the categories to which they have been assigned. We use a set of semantic types developed for the UMLS Metathesaurus. There are currently 134 semantic types in the UMLS. The semantic type describes the sort of thing or category to which a concept belongs in the context of the UMLS semantic network. Display_Name Display Name Display Name Provides an alternative Preferred Name for use in some NCI systems. Display_Name Display_Name Conceptual Entity P107 Preferred_Name Preferred Term Conceptual Entity The word or phrase that NCI uses by preference to refer to the concept. P108 Preferred Name Preferred Name Preferred_Name Preferred_Name UMLS_CUI P207 Concept Unique Identifiers, or CUIs, are concept numbers assigned by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). If a concept in any NCI-maintained knowledgebase exists in the NLM Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), NCI includes the NLM CUI among the information we provide about the concept. UMLS_CUI UMLS_CUI Conceptual Entity UMLS CUI Contributing_Source This property is used to indicate when a non-EVS entity has contributed to, and has a stake in, a concept. This is used where such entities, within or outside NCI, have indicated the need to be able to track their own concepts. A single concept can have multiple instances of this property if multiple entities have such a defined stake. Contributing Source Conceptual Entity Contributing_Source P322 Contributing_Source Legacy_Concept_Name A retired unique concept identifier created and stored as Concept Name by legacy EVS software. Use of these values was long discouraged, but continued as late as 2009 when creation of new values ceased and Concept Name was retired. Legacy values are intended solely to help resolve and update earlier coding. Legacy Concept Name Legacy Concept Name true Conceptual Entity P366 NICHD_Hierarchy_Term P371 NICHD NICHD_Hierarchy_Term NICHD_Hierarchy_Term Conceptual Entity DesignNote Conceptual Entity DesignNote DesignNote P98 Design notes are notations made by NCI vocabulary curators. They are intended to provide supplemental, unstructured information to the user or additional insight about the concept. DesignNote Chinese translation YH, JX a chinese translation represents a chinese translation of the existing term. adverse event outcome The AE 'cough AE' has the 'label of AE outcome' of 'cough'; 'infection AE' has the 'label of AE outcom' of 'infection'. an annotation property that represents the label of an adverse event label of adverse event outcome Yongqun Oliver He, Jiangan Hardy Xie has_meddra_id temporal interpretation https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. never in taxon x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL. ?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y Chris Mungall tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves' taxonomic class assertion An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon. dubious_for_taxon 1 1 RO:0002174 S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. dubious_for_taxon dubious_for_taxon this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost uberon present_in_taxon 1 1 RO:0002175 S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S applicable for taxon present_in_taxon present_in_taxon uberon logical macro assertion https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ShortcutRelations An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL. logical macro assertion on a class A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL logical macro assertion on a property A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property logical macro assertion on an object property Used to annotate object properties to describe a logical meta-property or characteristic of the object property. logical macro assertion on an annotation property is direct form of Chris Mungall relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' external_definition 1 An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000001 external_definition external_definition uberon axiom_lost_from_external_ontology 1 A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000002 axiom_lost_from_external_ontology axiom_lost_from_external_ontology uberon homology_notes 1 Notes on the homology status of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000003 homology_notes homology_notes uberon external_comment 1 An alternate comment for a class taken unmodified from an external source. Note that obo format only allows a single comment for a class, and does not provide a structured means of adding provenance info. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000005 external_comment external_comment uberon implements_design_pattern 1 UBPROP:0000006 implements_design_pattern implements_design_pattern uberon has_relational_adjective 1 UBPROP:0000007 Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. has_relational_adjective has_relational_adjective uberon taxon_notes 1 Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. UBPROP:0000008 taxon_notes taxon_notes uberon function_notes 1 Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000009 function_notes function_notes uberon structure_notes 1 Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000010 structure_notes structure_notes uberon development_notes 1 Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000011 development_notes development_notes uberon external_ontology_notes 1 Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000012 external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes uberon terminology_notes 1 Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000013 terminology_notes terminology_notes uberon is count of 1 UBPROP:0000100 is_count_of is_count_of uberon preceding element is 1 A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates) UBPROP:0000101 preceding_element_is preceding_element_is uberon pharyngeal arch number 1 UBPROP:0000103 gill arch N = PA N-2. the term branchial_arch is ambiguous. pharyngeal_arch_number pharyngeal_arch_number uberon x pharyngeal_arch_number N if and only if (i) x is a pharyngeal arch, and (ii) x is ancestrally pharyngeal arch number N in a series of pharyngeal arches repeated along a antero-posterior axis, with arch_number 1 being the mandibular arch. phalanx number 1 Most land mammals including humans have a 2-3-3-3-3 formula in both the hands (or paws) and feet. Primitive reptiles typically had the formula 2-3-4-4-5, and this pattern, with some modification, remained in many later reptiles and in the mammal-like reptiles. The phalangeal formula in the flippers of cetaceans (marine mammals) is 2-12-8-1 UBPROP:0000105 phalanx_number phalanx_number uberon x phalanx_number N if and only if (i) x is a phalanx, and (ii) x is phalanx number N in a series of phalanges repeated along an prixomo-distal axis, with phalanx_number 1 being the proximalmost phalanx. Note that in humans, the distalmost phalanx has phlanax_number 3, except in ray_number 1, where the distalmost has phalanx_number 2 fma_set_term 1 FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term UBPROP:0000202 fma_set_term fma_set_term uberon has_rank A metadata relation between a class and its taxonomic rank (eg species, family) ncbi_taxonomy contributor 1 dc-contributor dc-contributor uberon Source Source has_alternative_id has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference database_cross_reference has exact synonym has_exact_synonym has_exact_synonym Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. Synonym with Source Data FULL_SYN has_narrow_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_related_synonym in subset in_subset in_subset Concept_In_Subset Used to associate the concept defining a particular terminology subset with concepts that belong to this subset. shorthand is defined by label depicted_by 1 foaf-depicted_by foaf-depicted_by uberon CI_ChemClass C26 CI_MoA C30 CI_PE C22 CI_with C36 effect_may_be_inhibited_by C52 has_Ingredient C24 has_MoA C28 has_PE C20 has_PK C32 induces C40 may_diagnose C42 may_prevent C38 may_treat C34 site_of_metabolism C50 part of part of BFO:0000050 part_of part_of uberon Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime a core relation that holds between a part and its whole http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) part_of this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) has part has part BFO:0000051 has_part has_part uberon Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has part has_part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) realized in Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) is realized by realized in realized_in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation realizes Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) preceded_by preceded by BFO:0000062 X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) is preceded by preceded_by preceded_by takes place after uberon An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by is preceded by preceded by preceded_by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes precedes BFO:0000063 precedes precedes uberon precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. occurs in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs in occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in contains process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t site of anterior_to 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 anterior_to anterior_to cjm uberon x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer distal_to BSPO:0000097 distal_to distal_to uberon x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). dorsal_to BSPO:0000098 dorsal_to dorsal_to uberon x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). posterior_to BSPO:0000099 caudal_to posterior_to posterior_to uberon x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. proximal_to BSPO:0000100 proximal_to proximal_to uberon x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. ventral_to BSPO:0000102 uberon ventral_to ventral_to x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). deep_to BSPO:0000107 Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. deep_to deep_to uberon superficial_to BSPO:0000108 Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. superficial_to superficial_to uberon in_left_side_of BSPO:0000120 X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_left_side_of in_left_side_of uberon in_right_side_of BSPO:0000121 X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_right_side_of in_right_side_of uberon in_anterior_side_of BSPO:0000123 X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of uberon in_proximal_side_of BSPO:0000124 X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of uberon in_distal_side_of BSPO:0000125 X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of uberon in_lateral_side_of BSPO:0000126 X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of uberon proximalmost_part_of BSPO:0001106 X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of uberon distalmost_part_of BSPO:0001108 X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of uberon induced_by Yongqun He induced by a preceded_by relation that indicates that one process (e.g., an adverse event) is causally preceded by (induced by) another process (e.g., a medical intervention) and there is a causal relation between these two processes. This relation indicates the existence of a causal chain, meaning many processes may occur in between these two processes. is evidence of This represents a relation between two adverse events AE1 and AE2. However, AE1 may be an evidence of another adverse event AE3, and a dfferent adverse event AE4 may also be an evidence of the same AE2. SS, YH, YL AE1 is_evidence_of AE2 if and only if: given an adverse event instance ae1 that instantiates class AE1 (e.g., electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE) and another adverse event instance ae2 that instantiates class AE2 (e.g., arrhythmia AE), both ae1 and ae2 are adverse events that are clinically observed after a medical intervention (at time t0) on the same patient. The presence of ae1 is supported by priori knowledge of medicine to imply the presence of ae2 with some probability P (P is NOT always 1, thus transitivity does not apply to is_evidence_of relation. AE1 is_evidence_of AE2 and AE2 is_evidence_of AE3 DOES NOT imply AE1 is_evidence_of AE3). The instance ae1 and ae2 are observed or detected at time t1 and t2, respectively. The biological onset time for ae1 or ae2 may occur before t1 or t2. The t1 and t2 can be the same time point or different time points. An electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE is_evidence_of arrhythmia AE; arrhythmia AE is_evidence_of cardiomyopathy AE; fever AE is_evidence_of inflammation AE; fever AE is_evidence_of viral infection AE; plural effusion AE is_evidence_of cardiac disorder AE. has participant quality an object property that represents a relation between a process and a quality, in which the process has a participant that has the quality. An adverse event has a participant quality, such as a hyperkalemia AE has a participatn quality blood potassium increased. Yongqun He This is a shortcut relation of the following full version: 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' ) in: process 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' some quality) adverse event occurs in a 'occurs in' relation that is applied at the adverse event setting and indicates where an adverse event occurs in. Yongqun He drug associated with AE OH, SN An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE. has disease An object property that represents a relation between a human and a disease. OH, SN treated with drug OH, SN An object property that represents a relation between a patient and a drug that is used to treat the patient. drug associated with AE in adult An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in an adult patient. Oliver He drug associated with AE in senior Oliver He An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in a senior patient. drug associated with AE in pediatric Oliver He An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in a pediatric patient. drug associated with AE in newborn Oliver He An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in a newborn patient. drug associated with AE in adolescent Oliver He An object property that represents a relation between a drug and its associated AE where the AE occurs in an adolescent patient. used to treat disease An object property that represents a relation between a material entity (e.g., drug) and a disease that is treated by the material entity. OH, SN occurs in adult having disease Oliver He A shortcut object property that represents an adverse event and a disease in an adult patient where the adult patient with the disease has an adverse event after a medical intervention. occurs in patient having disease A shortcut object property that represents an adverse event and a disease in a patient where the patient with the disease has an adverse event after a medical intervention. Oliver He occurs in patient treated with drug Oliver He A shortcut object property that represents a process (e.g., adverse event) and a drug where the process occurs in a patient treated with the drug. drug AE occurs in A shortcut object property that represents a drug and human where the drug associated adverse event (AE) occurs in the human patient. Oliver He inheres in bearer of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence bearer of bearer_of is bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility has participant Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has_participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) has role A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has_role this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) location_of RO:0001015 location_of location_of uberon located_in RO:0001025 located_in located_in uberon has boundary RO:0002002 has_boundary has_boundary uberon bounding layer of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. RO:0002007 bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of uberon before or simultaneous with <= David Osumi-Sutherland Primitive instance level timing relation between events simultaneous_with simultaneous with RO:0002082 Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. coincides_with is_equal_to simultaneous_with simultaneous_with uberon David Osumi-Sutherland t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) immediately_preceded_by immediately preceded by A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. RO:0002087 X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) directly preceded by immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of uberon starts_at_end_of David Osumi-Sutherland X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) ends_at_start_of meets David Osumi-Sutherland starts during David Osumi-Sutherland X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) io happens during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) d during David Osumi-Sutherland ends during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). overlaps http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y continuous_with RO:0002150 continuous_with continuous_with uberon homologous_to RO:0002158 homologous_to homologous_to uberon connected to Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. Connection does not imply overlaps. RO:0002170 connected_to connected_to uberon connects Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. RO:0002176 connects connects this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) uberon supplies FMA:86003 RO:0002178 arterial supply of relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood. source: FMA supplies supplies uberon develops_from RO:0002202 develops_from develops_from uberon develops_into RO:0002203 develops_into develops_into uberon surrounded_by RO:0002219 surrounded_by surrounded_by uberon x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y adjacent_to RO:0002220 adjacent_to adjacent_to uberon x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary surrounds RO:0002221 inverse of surrounded_by surrounds surrounds uberon temporally related to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. starts RO:0002223 Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. starts starts uberon starts with starts with RO:0002224 starts_with starts_with uberon started by x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor Chris Mungall ends RO:0002229 Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. ends ends finishes uberon ends with ends with RO:0002230 ends_with ends_with uberon Chris Mungall finished by x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. has developmental contribution from RO:0002254 has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from uberon developmentally_induced_by RO:0002256 developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. uberon developmentally preceded by RO:0002258 developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by uberon developmentally_replaces RO:0002285 developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces uberon mereotopologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships has member RO:0002351 has_member has_member uberon has potential to developmentally contribute to RO:0002385 has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to uberon x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to develop into RO:0002387 has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into uberon x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y contributes to morphology of RO:0002433 contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of uberon composed primarily of RO:0002473 UBREL:0000002 composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of uberon x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y existence starts during BFO:0000068 RO:0002488 Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. begins_to_exist_during existence_starts_during existence_starts_during uberon existence starts with RO:0002489 Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. existence_starts_with existence_starts_with uberon existence ends during BFO:0000069 RO:0002492 Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. ceases_to_exist_during existence_ends_during existence_ends_during uberon existence ends with RO:0002493 Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. existence_ends_with existence_ends_with uberon transformation of RO:0002494 transformation_of transformation_of transforms from uberon immediate transformation of RO:0002495 direct_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediately transforms from uberon existence starts during or after RO:0002496 existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after uberon existence ends during or before RO:0002497 existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before uberon has material contribution from RO:0002507 has_material_contribution_from has_material_contribution_from uberon has skeleton A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. RO:0002551 has sekeletal support has supporting framework has_skeleton has_skeleton uberon luminal space of RO:0002572 luminal_space_of luminal_space_of uberon skeleton of RO:0002576 skeleton_of skeleton_of uberon produces RO:0003000 produces produces uberon produced_by RO:0003001 produced_by produced_by uberon anteriorly connected to anteriorly_connected_to uberon x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. channel for carries channel_for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into uberon conduit for conduit_for uberon x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. distally connected to distally_connected_to uberon x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. evolved_from Status: experimental evolved_from uberon existence starts and ends during existence_starts_and_ends_during uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into uberon in_central_side_of X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_central_side_of uberon posteriorly connected to posteriorly_connected_to uberon x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. protects protects uberon proximally connected to proximally_connected_to uberon x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. subdivision of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision_of uberon transitively anteriorly connected to . transitively_anteriorly_connected_to uberon transitively_connected to transitively_connected_to uberon transitively distally connected to . transitively_distally_connected_to uberon transitively proximally connected to . transitively_proximally_connected_to uberon Ingredient Ingredient Strength Packaged Product VA Class VA Product Active Inactive has age in year Pharmaceutical Preparations C0013227 N0000000001 3683 Pharmaceutical Preparations C176 Chemical Ingredients [Chemical/Ingredient] C178 N0000000002 991181 Chemical Ingredients Clinical Kinetics [PK] Clinical Kinetics C180 1030853 C1373163 N0000000003 Diseases, Manifestations or Physiologic States [Disease/Finding] N0000000004 Diseases, Manifestations or Physiologic States 989348 C182 C1373233 Mental Disorders and Manifestations [Disease/Finding] N0000000006 Mental Disorders and Manifestations 984721 C2916796 C190 Infectious Diseases [Disease/Finding] 40733004 N0000000007 C192 190563008 189822004 Infectious Diseases 191415002 C0009450 1023583 Elimination [PK] C222 Elimination [PK] Elimination 986944 C0221102 N0000000022 Metabolism [PK] N0000000023 C0025519 1023904 Metabolism C224 Site of Metabolism [PK] C1373176 988808 C226 N0000000024 Site of Metabolism Hepatic Metabolism [PK] C230 984512 N0000000026 Hepatic Metabolism C1373178 Route of Excretion [PK] C260 Route of Excretion Route of Excretion [PK] N0000000041 C1373186 987962 Renal Excretion [PK] Renal Excretion N0000000042 C1373187 986666 C262 Hepatic Excretion [PK] Hepatic Excretion N0000000043 989209 C264 C1373188 Physiochemical Activity [MoA] Physiochemical Activity N0000000065 989958 C308 C1372991 Small Ion Transport Pump Interactions [MoA] 986087 N0000000066 C310 Small Ion Transport Pump Interactions C1373107 HER Receptor Family Interactions [MoA] EGFR Family Interactions C312 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Interactions N0000000067 HER Receptor Family Interactions 986672 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Interactions C2916814 HER Family Interactions Calcium Channel Antagonists [MoA] 986242 D002121 Calcium Channel Blockers C2757014 N0000000069 Calcium Channel Antagonists C316 Calcium Channel Blocker Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists [MoA] 984935 C318 N0000000070 Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers C2757003 Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists Active Transporter Interactions [MoA] Active Transporter Interactions 1031287 C322 N0000000072 C1373104 Protease Inhibitors [MoA] Protease Inhibitors N0000000076 992709 Protease Inhibitors C330 C2756997 D011480 Immunologic Factors [MoA] C342 Immunologic Factors Immunologic Factors C2757006 993127 D007155 N0000000082 Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists [MoA] C2757015 992724 C344 N0000000083 Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Sex Hormone Receptor Antagonists [MoA] C1373000 N0000000084 Sex Hormone Receptor Antagonists 985639 C346 Receptor Interactions [MoA] C1372999 C348 Receptor Interactions 988560 N0000000085 Chelating Activity [MoA] N0000000087 Chelating Activity Chelating Activity C352 1025213 D002614 C1527256 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists [MoA] Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D018691 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists C2757055 N0000000088 1036066 C354 Adrenergic Antagonists [MoA] C2757018 993129 Adrenergic Antagonists Adrenergic Antagonists N0000000092 D018674 C362 Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptor Interactions [MoA] C372 986244 N0000000097 C1373009 Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptor Interactions Thymidylate Synthetase Inhibitors [MoA] N0000000098 993154 C374 Thymidylate Synthetase Inhibitors C2756988 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [MoA] Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists 1023426 C2756989 Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists D000317 Alpha-adrenergic Blocker N0000000099 C376 Estrogen Receptor Agonists [MoA] C378 988811 N0000000100 C1373007 Estrogen Receptor Agonists Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors [MoA] 989028 Norepinephrine Uptake Inhibitors C2757023 C382 D018759 Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors N0000000102 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [MoA] N0000000103 C2757067 993157 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors C384 D018894 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonists [MoA] C386 Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonists 990721 N0000000104 C2757026 Neurotransmitter Transporter Interactions [MoA] Neurotransmitter Transporter Interactions C1373006 N0000000105 C388 985066 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors [MoA] C2757053 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors C396 D017367 N0000000109 992711 Folic Acid Metabolism Inhibitors [MoA] C2916820 Folic Acid Antagonists 1029786 C400 Folic Acid Metabolic Inhibitors N0000000111 Folic Acid Metabolism Inhibitors Folic Acid Antagonists D005493 Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors [MoA] C406 N0000000114 C2757017 Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors 1028789 D018765 Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors Dopamine Agonists [MoA] D018491 N0000000117 C2757007 992714 C412 Dopaminergic Agonist Dopamine Agonists Dopamine Agonists GABA A Modulators [MoA] C1373017 C414 N0000000118 GABA A Modulators 990722 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors [MoA] D019161 993150 C2756999 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C420 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors N0000000121 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Adrenergic Agonists [MoA] 1029285 C422 Adrenergic Agonists C2757025 N0000000122 Adrenergic Agonists D000322 Leukotriene Receptor Interactions [MoA] C1373014 N0000000124 Leukotriene Receptor Interactions C426 987670 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors [MoA] N0000000128 D010726 C1656262 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 993167 C434 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Serotonin Antagonists [MoA] D012702 N0000000130 C2757052 C438 993156 Serotonin Antagonists Serotonin Antagonists Organic Anion Transporter Interactions [MoA] C1373100 987411 N0000000132 Organic Anion Transporter Interactions C442 Enzyme Inhibitors [MoA] C444 D004791 N0000000133 Enzyme Inhibitors C2756995 Enzyme Inhibitors 1032544 Lipoxygenase Inhibitors [MoA] D016859 C446 1031400 C2757064 Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Lipoxygenase Inhibitors N0000000134 Immunologic Adjuvants [MoA] Adjuvants, Immunologic Immunologic Adjuvants 989878 N0000000135 Adjuvants, Immunologic D000276 C448 C1383096 GABA A Receptor Interactions [MoA] C454 N0000000138 GABA A Receptor Interactions C1373022 988922 Calcium Channel Interactions [MoA] C458 C1373020 990245 N0000000140 Calcium Channel Interactions Iron Chelating Activity [MoA] C466 985781 N0000000144 Iron Chelating Activity Iron Chelating Activity D007502 C2757050 Estrogen Receptor Antagonists [MoA] 984514 N0000000145 C1373098 C468 Estrogen Receptor Antagonists Estrogen Receptor Inhibitor Proton Pump Inhibitors [MoA] 986356 Proton Pump Inhibitors C1384478 N0000000147 C472 Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] 985200 Hormone Receptor Agonists C476 C1373095 N0000000149 Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] C2757051 993158 Protein Synthesis Inhibitors C478 N0000000150 Protein Synthesis Inhibitors D011500 G-Protein-linked Receptor Interactions [MoA] 984725 C482 G-Protein-linked Receptor Interactions C2916797 G-Protein-linked Receptor-Effector Interactions N0000000152 Adrenergic Receptor Interactions [MoA] 987972 Adrenergic Receptor Interactions C1373072 C484 N0000000153 Uncouplers [MoA] Uncouplers C488 C1373071 N0000000155 986674 Chloride Channel Interactions [MoA] C1373070 N0000000156 C490 987326 Chloride Channel Interactions Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists [MoA] Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists C496 N0000000159 989879 C1373068 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [MoA] C2756982 D016861 992710 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors N0000000160 Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors C498 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA] D000319 993131 Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Beta-adrenergic Receptor Inhibitor C500 N0000000161 C2757061 beta-Adrenergic Receptor Inhibitor beta-Adrenergic Blocker Beta-adrenergic Blocker Adrenergic beta-Antagonists Steroid Receptor Antagonists [MoA] N0000000162 987973 C1373067 C502 Steroid Receptor Antagonists Enzyme Interactions [MoA] Enzyme Interactions N0000000163 C504 C1373066 988200 Serotonin Transporter Interactions [MoA] N0000000167 987204 C512 Serotonin Transporter Interactions C1373063 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators [MoA] D020845 993164 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators N0000000168 C2757056 C514 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Interactions [MoA] N0000000171 Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Interactions C520 C1373062 988925 Steroid Receptor Modulators [MoA] C1373061 C522 Steroid Receptor Modulators N0000000172 987671 Opioid Agonists [MoA] 985466 C1373059 N0000000174 Opioid Agonists C526 Cytokine Receptor Superfamily Interactions [MoA] Cytokine Receptor Superfamily Interactions C1373058 984937 C528 N0000000175 Topoisomerase Inhibitors [MoA] DNA Gyrase Inhibitors 989757 Topoisomerase Inhibitors N0000000176 C1384454 Topoisomerase Inhibitor C530 Cholinesterase Inhibitors [MoA] 992680 Cholinesterase Inhibitors D002800 C532 Cholinesterase Inhibitors N0000000177 C2757012 Sodium Channel Interactions [MoA] Sodium Channel Interactions C538 987802 C1373055 N0000000180 Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors [MoA] C540 N0000000181 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor 992731 D000806 C2757044 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors Steroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] N0000000182 C1373054 C542 Steroid Hormone Receptor Agonists 990907 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors [MoA] N0000000184 992698 D008996 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors C2756978 C546 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors MAOI Progestational Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] Progestational Hormone Receptor Agonists C1373052 N0000000185 C548 986818 Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists [MoA] C2757048 C558 992695 H1 Receptor Blockers Histamine H1 Antagonists Histamine H1 Blockers N0000000190 Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists Histamine H1 Antagonists H1 Receptor Antagonists D006634 Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors [MoA] C1373048 N0000000191 C560 441741 Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors Ion Channel Interactions [MoA] N0000000193 C1373047 988382 Ion Channel Interactions C564 Serotonin Receptor Interactions [MoA] Serotonin Receptor Interactions N0000000198 988082 C574 C1373043 Opioid Receptor Interactions [MoA] N0000000200 989758 C578 Opioid Receptor Interactions C1373041 Dopamine Receptor Interactions [MoA] N0000000203 C584 C1373039 985948 Dopamine Receptor Interactions Radiopharmaceutical Activity [MoA] Radiopharmaceutical Activity C2757000 987975 Radiopharmaceuticals N0000000205 D019275 C588 Histamine Receptor Antagonists [MoA] D006633 Histamine Receptor Antagonists Histamine Antagonists C592 989667 N0000000207 C1383092 Histamine Antagonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists [MoA] Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists C2757042 1029039 N0000000209 D000316 Alpha-adrenergic Agonist C596 Potassium Channel Interactions [MoA] C600 N0000000211 C1373036 989960 Potassium Channel Interactions Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors [MoA] Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors N0000000212 C602 441728 C1373035 Receptor Protein Kinase Interactions [MoA] C604 Receptor Protein Kinase Interactions C1373034 986538 N0000000213 Sex Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] 990080 N0000000214 C606 Sex Hormone Receptor Agonists C1373033 Histamine Receptor Interactions [MoA] Histamine Receptor Interactions 989394 N0000000216 C610 C1373031 Dopamine Transporter Interactions [MoA] N0000000219 984515 C1373028 Dopamine Transporter Interactions C616 Hormone Receptor Antagonists [MoA] 990790 C620 Hormone Receptor Antagonists N0000000221 C1373026 Cellular or Molecular Interactions [MoA] 986459 N0000000223 C1373094 Cellular or Molecular Interactions C624 Insulin Receptor Agonists [MoA] N0000000225 C628 C1373092 Insulin Receptor Agonists 986676 Dopamine Antagonists [MoA] Dopamine Antagonists Dopamine Antagonists D018492 C2757008 C638 N0000000230 1032050 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] C644 N0000000233 993166 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors C2757009 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors D019384 Norepinephrine Transporter Interactions [MoA] N0000000234 988817 C2267223 C646 Norepinephrine Transporter Interactions Alkylating Activity [MoA] D000477 N0000000236 C650 Alkylating Activity 1031878 C2756975 Alkylating Activity Insulin Receptor Interactions [MoA] C1373083 987414 N0000000240 C658 Insulin Receptor Interactions Transcription Factor Activity [MoA] Transcription Factor Activity N0000000242 C1148759 1028825 C662 Androgen Receptor Antagonists [MoA] Androgen Receptor Antagonists C664 989356 C1373082 Androgen Receptor Inhibitor N0000000243 HIV Protease Inhibitors [MoA] D017320 HIV Protease Inhibitors Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors N0000000246 C670 HIV Protease Inhibitors C2756991 993149 Biological Response Modifiers [MoA] Biological Response Modifiers C672 D015545 N0000000247 993132 Biological Response Modifiers C2757019 Polycationic Channel Interactions [MoA] N0000000253 Polycationic Channel Interactions C1373076 990209 C684 Immunologic and Biological Factors [MoA] Immunologic and Biological Factors 1032698 D007151 C686 C0021048 Immunologic and Biological Factors N0000000254 Hormone Receptor Modulators [MoA] 989214 C688 N0000000255 C1373075 Hormone Receptor Modulators Serotonin Agonists [MoA] 1022850 C690 C2756998 N0000000256 Serotonin Agonists Serotonin Agonists D017366 Hormone Receptor Interactions [MoA] N0000000257 C692 986361 C1373074 Hormone Receptor Interactions Congenital Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] 276654001 Defects, Congenital 276655000 1021840 Congenital Defects Deformities Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero. N0000000264 D000013 Birth Defects M0000013 Congenital Abnormalities Congenital Abnormalities C0000768 C706 276720006 Abnormalities, Congenital Abscess [Disease/Finding] Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. C730 128477000 M0000059 Abscess C0000833 D000038 984804 Abscess N0000000276 Acinetobacter Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Acinetobacter M0000230 D000151 C752 Acinetobacter Infections 984730 Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER. C0001139 Acinetobacter Infections Mimae Infections N0000000287 Infections, Mimae Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome [Disease/Finding] An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome 1022762 N0000000291 62479008 C0001175 D000163 C760 M0000245 Actinomycetales Infections [Disease/Finding] D000193 Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES. Infections, Actinomycete C0001255 1024017 N0000000299 M0000289 C776 Actinomycete Infections Actinomycetales Infections Actinomycetales Infections Infections, Actinomycetales Addison Disease [Disease/Finding] 363732003 Primary Adrenal Insufficiency 1023821 Primary Hypoadrenalism Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency C788 Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES. M0000346 N0000000305 D000224 C0001403 Addison Disease Addison's Disease 373662000 Adenocarcinoma [Disease/Finding] 35917007 M0000355 D000230 Adenocarcinoma Adenoma, Malignant A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. C0001418 Adenocarcinoma C790 N0000000306 1023834 Adenoma [Disease/Finding] Adenoma Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. M0000367 C0001430 1026445 N0000000310 D000236 C798 32048006 Adenoviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] C806 Adenovirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE. Infections, Adenovirus N0000000314 Adenoviridae Infections 1025703 25225006 M0000404 C0001486 Adenoviridae Infections D000257 Infections, Adenoviridae Adenovirus Infections, Human [Disease/Finding] Adenovirus Infections, Human 1022278 N0000000315 C0001487 M0000405 Infections, Human Adenovirus Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses. C808 D000258 Adenovirus Infections, Human Human Adenovirus Infections Tissue Adhesions [Disease/Finding] Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound. C810 Tissue Adhesions 1028050 C0001511 D000267 N0000000316 M0000418 Tissue Adhesions Adhesions, Tissue 42685002 Adnexal Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000000320 C818 Adnexal Diseases D000291 M0000457 Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). Adnexal Diseases 988928 C0001576 Adrenal Gland Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0001621 N0000000324 D000307 1025795 Adrenal Gland Diseases C826 30171000 Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS. M0000482 Adrenal Gland Diseases Adrenocortical Hyperfunction [Disease/Finding] Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM. C828 275437005 D000308 Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Hyperadrenocorticism Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction N0000000325 1022833 M0000483 Hyperadrenalism Adrenocortical Hyperfunction C0001622 47270006 Hypercorticism Adrenal Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] Adrenal Gland Hypofunction M0000484 N0000000326 237785004 Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS. C830 Adrenal Insufficiency C0001623 Adrenal Insufficiency 111563005 D000309 1025230 Hypoadrenalism Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital [Disease/Finding] Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital M0000487 D000312 C0001627 C834 Hyperplasia, Congenital Adrenal Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 237751000 A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders. Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital N0000000328 1023878 Affective Disorders, Psychotic [Disease/Finding] Psychoses, Affective Psychotic Affective Disorders Affective Disorders, Psychotic 191663008 M0000522 N0000000332 D000341 Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc. 1024660 Affective Disorders, Psychotic C0001723 C842 Agranulocytosis [Disease/Finding] A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS). Granulocytopenia Agranulocytosis C860 1023345 C0001824 N0000000341 17182001 Agranulocytosis M0000580 417672002 D000380 Alzheimer Disease [Disease/Finding] Dementia, Senile C0002395 Alzheimer Type Senile Dementia M0000842 1022264 N0000000363 Dementia, Alzheimer Type A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) C904 26929004 Senile Dementia, Alzheimer Type Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer Disease D000544 Alzheimer Disease Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia Dementia, Primary Senile Degenerative Amebiasis [Disease/Finding] C908 C0002438 Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur. 105637008 D000562 Amebiasis 111910009 388759003 1023982 N0000000365 M0000878 Amebiasis Amoebiasis Renal Aminoacidurias [Disease/Finding] Renal Aminoacidurias M0000934 N0000000370 Aminoaciduria, Renal Renal Aminoacidurias C918 D000608 C0002534 985952 A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations of transport proteins result in the defective reabsorption of free amino acids at the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. Renal aminoaciduria are classified by the specific amino acid or acids involved. Amyloidosis [Disease/Finding] N0000000375 A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. C928 Amyloidosis M0001053 1024175 Amyloidosis 17602002 C0002726 D000686 Anaphylaxis [Disease/Finding] 1023517 C0002792 39579001 N0000000379 Anaphylactic Reaction An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. C936 Anaphylaxis Shock, Anaphylactic D000707 Anaphylaxis M0001076 Anemia [Disease/Finding] Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. 1024481 M0001119 271737000 267531008 C946 D000740 C0002871 N0000000384 Anemia Anemia, Aplastic [Disease/Finding] 1023343 C948 N0000000385 Anemia, Aplastic 304132006 A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. Anemia, Aplastic D000741 C0002874 306058006 M0001120 Angina Pectoris [Disease/Finding] M0001180 194828000 C990 D000787 Stenocardia C0002962 Angina Pectoris Angina Pectoris Angor Pectoris N0000000406 1022730 The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. Angina Pectoris, Variant [Disease/Finding] 87343002 C992 Angina Pectoris, Variant Prinzmetal's Angina D000788 C0002963 M0001181 Angina Pectoris, Variant N0000000407 Prinzmetal Angina 1026917 A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity. Angina, Unstable [Disease/Finding] C994 Angina, Unstable 1021853 Angina at Rest Angina, Unstable 25106000 Unstable Angina N0000000408 Angina, Preinfarction M0001182 D000789 64333001 Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. C0002965 Angioedema [Disease/Finding] C0002994 Quincke's Edema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx. Urticaria, Giant 1022344 C1008 N0000000415 Angioedema M0001197 Angioedema 400075008 41291007 D000799 Angioneurotic Edema Anorexia [Disease/Finding] C0003123 79890006 249471002 N0000000421 Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA. 1023296 C1020 D000855 M0001278 Anorexia Anthrax [Disease/Finding] C1036 1021996 M0001315 Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics. D000881 N0000000429 C0003175 Anthrax 409498004 Anuria [Disease/Finding] 1023563 C0003460 Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present. M0001524 N0000000431 C1040 Anuria Anuria D001002 2472002 Anus Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0003462 N0000000432 1023545 Anus Diseases Anus Diseases C1042 32110003 M0001528 D001004 Anxiety Disorders [Disease/Finding] C1048 D001008 C0003469 N0000000435 Persistent and disabling ANXIETY. M0001533 Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders 197480006 1023219 Eating Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1025187 72366004 Eating Disorders C0013473 C1092 M0001616 D001068 N0000000457 A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake. Eating Disorders Arbovirus Infections [Disease/Finding] Arbovirus Infections M0001658 Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified. D001102 1023709 C0003723 40610006 N0000000462 Arbovirus Infections C1102 Arrhythmias, Cardiac [Disease/Finding] Arrhythmia Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. 1023395 C1116 Cardiac Arrhythmias Arrythmia N0000000469 Arrhythmias, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Cardiac M0001715 Cardiac Dysrhythmia C0003811 195107004 Cardiac Arrhythmia D001145 Arrhythmia, Sinus [Disease/Finding] Arrhythmia, Sinus 71792006 1025764 Sinus Arrhythmia Arrhythmia, Sinus N0000000470 Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial Sinoatrial Arrhythmia D001146 M0001716 C1118 C0003813 Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds. Arterial Occlusive Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0001730 C1120 N0000000471 1025357 Arterial Obstructive Diseases Arterial Occlusive Diseases C0003838 Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. Arterial Occlusive Diseases 2929001 D001157 Arteriosclerosis [Disease/Finding] M0001734 C0003850 Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. 72092001 1021767 Arteriosclerosis D001161 Arteriosclerosis N0000000473 C1124 Arthritis [Disease/Finding] Arthritis Arthritis D001168 C0003864 C1134 M0001741 1023652 N0000000478 3723001 Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid [Disease/Finding] Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic C1140 239796000 410502007 1022211 Rheumatoid arthritis of children occurring in three major subtypes defined by the symptoms present during the first six months following onset: systemic-onset (Still's Disease, Juvenile-Onset), polyarticular-onset, and pauciarticular-onset. Adult-onset cases of Still's disease (STILL'S DISEASE, ADULT-ONSET) are also known. Only one subtype of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent. Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid C0553662 N0000000481 Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid M0001748 410795001 Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic 410796000 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis D001171 Arthritis, Rheumatoid [Disease/Finding] M0001750 C1142 69896004 D001172 N0000000482 Rheumatoid Arthritis Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid 1023050 A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. C0003873 Aspergillosis [Disease/Finding] C1162 Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. D001228 1025666 N0000000492 Aspergillosis Aspergillosis C0004030 M0001850 65553006 Asthma [Disease/Finding] C0004096 A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). 1023235 Bronchial Asthma M0001885 195979001 N0000000498 Asthma 195967001 Asthma, Bronchial C1174 D001249 Asthma Astrocytoma [Disease/Finding] D001254 C0004114 N0000000501 Astroglioma Astrocytoma 1024668 M0001891 Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) Glioma, Astrocytic C1180 254938000 Astrocytoma Atrial Fibrillation [Disease/Finding] N0000000507 C0004238 M0001926 C1192 Atrial Fibrillation D001281 1023706 Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. Auricular Fibrillation Atrial Fibrillation 49436004 Atrial Flutter [Disease/Finding] 5370000 C1194 Auricular Flutter M0001927 Atrial Flutter C0004239 985206 Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). Atrial Flutter N0000000508 D001282 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity [Disease/Finding] Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Hyperkinetic Syndrome 1023721 C1263846 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 31177006 7461003 C1198 D001289 A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-IV) Attention Deficit Disorders with Hyperactivity N0000000510 406506008 M0001943 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Autistic Disorder [Disease/Finding] N0000000513 Autism, Early Infantile Kanner's Syndrome 408858002 408856003 A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-IV) 43614003 Autistic Disorder Autism M0001983 D001321 408857007 Autism, Infantile C0004352 Autistic Disorder 1025154 C1204 Autoimmune Diseases [Disease/Finding] Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. 1026092 Autoimmune Diseases D001327 M0001989 C1206 Autoimmune Diseases N0000000514 85828009 C0004364 Avitaminosis [Disease/Finding] M0002041 1023168 85670002 C0376286 C1216 Avitaminosis Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed) D001361 N0000000519 Back Pain [Disease/Finding] C1222 M0002115 Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. 419258005 1022771 N0000000522 Back Ache 161891005 D001416 Backache Back Pain Back Pain 267984001 C0004604 Bacterial Infections and Mycoses [Disease/Finding] Infections caused by bacteria and fungi, general, specified, or unspecified. Bacterial Infections and Mycoses N0000000523 C0004615 D001423 986958 M0002125 C1224 Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Bacterial Infections [Disease/Finding] N0000000524 D001424 Bacterial Infections 186335000 Infection, Bacterial Bacterial Infections C0004623 M0002126 301811001 Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. Infections, Bacterial 87628006 1022614 C1226 Bacterial Infection Bacteroides Infections [Disease/Finding] 2918000 1023555 C1230 Bacteroides Infections Bacteroides Infections C0004669 Infections, Bacteroides Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES. N0000000526 M0002147 D001442 Bartter Syndrome [Disease/Finding] D001477 N0000000534 Bartter's Disease C0004775 71275003 M0002194 Bartter Disease 1025612 Bartter Syndrome Bartter Syndrome C1246 Bartter's Syndrome A group of disorders caused by defective salt reabsorption in the ascending LOOP OF HENLE. It is characterized by severe salt-wasting, HYPOKALEMIA; HYPERCALCIURIA; metabolic ALKALOSIS, and hyper-reninemic HYPERALDOSTERONISM without HYPERTENSION. There are several subtypes including ones due to mutations in the renal specific SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. Basal Ganglia Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1030459 Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Basal Ganglia Disorders C1250 70835005 Basal Ganglia Diseases C0004782 N0000000536 Basal Ganglia Diseases D001480 M0002198 Mental Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1022308 M0002289 C1254 N0000000538 Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. C0004936 74732009 Mental Disorders D001523 Mental Disorders Behcet Syndrome [Disease/Finding] Behcet's Syndrome 985793 N0000000539 Triple-Symptom Complex Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. C0004943 Behcet Syndrome M0002296 310701003 Behcet Syndrome Behcet Disease D001528 C1256 Bile Duct Diseases [Disease/Finding] C1266 Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT. M0002478 985587 C0005395 118926004 N0000000544 D001649 Bile Duct Diseases Bile Duct Diseases Biliary Tract Diseases [Disease/Finding] 105997008 C0005424 D001660 M0002491 984740 Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. Biliary Tract Diseases Biliary Tract Diseases N0000000551 C1280 Bipolar Disorder [Disease/Finding] Affective Psychosis, Bipolar N0000000553 Bipolar Disorder 13746004 C1284 Psychosis, Manic-Depressive D001714 Psychoses, Manic-Depressive A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. 191647000 Bipolar Disorder 1022518 M0002571 191646009 Manic-Depressive Psychosis C0005586 Urinary Bladder Diseases [Disease/Finding] D001745 1022750 Urinary Bladder Diseases Bladder Diseases N0000000560 C1298 42643001 Pathological processes of the URINARY BLADDER. Urinary Bladder Diseases C0005686 M0002630 Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction [Disease/Finding] N0000000563 1023806 Bladder Neck Obstruction Bladder Outlet Obstruction C0005694 Blocked urine flow through the bladder neck, the narrow internal urethral opening at the base of the URINARY BLADDER. Narrowing or strictures of the URETHRA can be congenital or acquired. It is often observed in males with enlarged PROSTATE glands. 399072004 M0002634 Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction D001748 C1304 Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction Urinary Bladder Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Neoplasms, Bladder N0000000564 Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. Bladder Tumors 126885006 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms D001749 M0002635 1022826 C1306 Bladder Neoplasms C0005695 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Blastomycosis [Disease/Finding] A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation of a small cutaneous nodule and small nodules along the lymphatics that may heal within several months; and 2, chronic granulomatous lesions characterized by thick crusts, warty growths, and unusual vascularity and infection in the middle or upper lobes of the lung. D001759 C0005716 M0002647 Blastomycosis Blastomycosis C1314 69996000 1025849 N0000000568 Blepharospasm [Disease/Finding] N0000000571 C1320 1022613 Blepharospasm Blepharospasm 59026006 D001764 C0005747 M0002660 Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Blood Coagulation Disorders [Disease/Finding] Disorders, Blood Coagulation D001778 64779008 C0005779 N0000000575 Coagulation Disorders, Blood Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. M0002683 362970003 1022276 Blood Coagulation Disorders C1328 Blood Platelet Disorders [Disease/Finding] Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function. 1025348 C1332 D001791 Blood Platelet Disorders Blood Platelet Disorders 22716005 Thrombocytopathy N0000000577 M0002703 C0005818 Blood Protein Disorders [Disease/Finding] Blood Protein Disorders M0002708 N0000000578 D001796 C0005830 C1334 Blood Protein Disorders 1027678 Body Temperature Changes [Disease/Finding] 1027280 N0000000581 C0005904 D001832 Body Temperature Changes C1340 M0002753 Body Temperature Changes Significant alterations in temperature of the human body, above or below 98.6 degrees F. or 37 degrees C. when taken orally. Body Weight Changes [Disease/Finding] D001836 N0000000582 C1342 1022599 M0002759 Body Weight Changes Body Weight Changes A clinical manifestation consisting of alterations in an individual's weight from his or her norm. C0005911 248346009 Bone Diseases [Disease/Finding] C1346 M0002776 Diseases of BONES. C0005940 1025929 D001847 Bone Diseases Bone Diseases N0000000584 308147009 76069003 Bone Diseases, Infectious [Disease/Finding] Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. 1031879 Bone Diseases, Infectious C1352 N0000000587 M0002779 Bone Diseases, Infectious C0005943 D001850 Bone Diseases, Metabolic [Disease/Finding] M0002780 1026469 C1354 Bone Diseases, Metabolic 50279003 N0000000588 C0005944 D001851 Metabolic Bone Diseases Bone Diseases, Metabolic Bone Marrow Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1023913 M0002788 Bone Marrow Diseases 127035006 C0005956 D001855 Bone Marrow Diseases N0000000589 C1356 Bradycardia [Disease/Finding] C0428977 N0000000600 Bradycardia C1378 D001919 Bradyarrhythmia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK. 1025503 Bradycardia Bradyarrhythmias 48867003 M0002863 Brain Diseases [Disease/Finding] D001927 Central Nervous System Disorders, Intracranial Central Nervous System Intracranial Disorders N0000000605 CNS Disorders, Intracranial Brain Diseases Encephalon Diseases C1388 81308009 Intracranial CNS Disorders 986258 Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. Brain Disorders C0006111 Brain Diseases M0002874 Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders Brain Edema [Disease/Finding] M0002876 Brain Edema 2032001 Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) Brain Edema Brain Swelling Intracranial Edema 1029271 N0000000607 C1392 C1527311 D001929 Brain Injuries [Disease/Finding] Brain Injuries D001930 M0002878 2470005 Injuries, Brain C0270611 C1394 N0000000608 Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. 1024106 Brain Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] D001932 Brain Neoplasms Brain Neoplasms Brain Tumors 1025641 189537005 C1396 M0002885 Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. Neoplasms, Brain 126952004 N0000000609 C0006118 Breast Diseases [Disease/Finding] Breast Diseases M0002906 N0000000611 79604008 C1400 1025046 C0006145 Pathological processes of the BREAST. D001941 Breast Diseases Breast Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Tumors, Breast C1402 N0000000612 C1458155 Neoplasms, Breast Breast Tumors Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. Breast Neoplasms Breast Neoplasms 1023282 126926005 M0002910 D001943 Bronchial Diseases [Disease/Finding] D001982 Bronchial Diseases Bronchial Diseases 41427001 C1406 M0002963 1024394 N0000000614 C0006261 Bronchial Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Bronchial Neoplasms 126705004 Bronchial Neoplasms N0000000616 C1410 C0006264 Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. D001984 Neoplasms, Bronchial 986912 M0002965 Bronchial Spasm [Disease/Finding] 4386001 C1412 Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi. C0006266 Bronchial Spasm N0000000617 D001986 Bronchospasm M0002967 1024176 Bronchial Spasm Bronchitis [Disease/Finding] 1025453 N0000000622 C1422 Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. 266354009 Bronchitis M0002972 C0006277 Bronchitis 32398004 D001991 Brucellosis [Disease/Finding] N0000000627 75702008 C1432 Malta Fever Gibraltar fever Brucellosis 1022508 Cyprus fever Undulant Fever Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss. Brucellosis C0006309 D002006 M0002989 Bulimia [Disease/Finding] Binge Eating Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as "ox hunger". C0006370 Bulimia M0003021 1024255 Bulimia D002032 C1438 N0000000630 78004001 Bundle-Branch Block [Disease/Finding] 1022539 195048003 M0003027 6374002 D002037 A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles. Bundle-Branch Block Bundle-Branch Block C1440 C0006384 N0000000631 Bursitis [Disease/Finding] 1022311 Bursitis M0003070 C1456 Bursitis 84017003 N0000000639 D002062 C0006444 Inflammation or irritation of a bursa, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin. Cachexia [Disease/Finding] D002100 1023603 238108007 M0003126 Cachexia C0006625 N0000000641 General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. Cachexia C1460 Calcium Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] 71638002 M0003174 Calcium Metabolism Disorders N0000000646 C0006705 D002128 C1470 Calcium Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. 1024541 Campylobacter Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Campylobacter N0000000649 86500004 Campylobacter Infections C1476 1022934 M0003245 D002169 Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER. Campylobacter Infections C0006818 Candidiasis [Disease/Finding] Candidiasis Candidiasis Moniliasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed) N0000000650 C1478 C0006840 1022538 M0003258 D002177 78048006 Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous [Disease/Finding] C1480 A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy. 1023229 Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous 234568006 N0000000651 D002178 C0006845 M0003259 Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis, Oral [Disease/Finding] 79740000 Candidiasis, Oral Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed) Moniliasis, Oral C0006849 Thrush N0000000653 C1484 M0003261 D002180 1022622 Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal [Disease/Finding] N0000000654 C0700345 Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal M0003262 Moniliasis, Vulvovaginal C1486 1024776 D002181 72605008 Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal Carcinoma [Disease/Finding] Epithelial Tumors, Malignant M0003424 Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed) D002277 Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms Epithelioma 68453008 Epithelial Neoplasms, Malignant N0000000664 C1506 1024578 C0007097 Neoplasms, Malignant Epithelial Carcinoma Carcinoma, Basal Cell [Disease/Finding] 254701007 275265005 M0003431 D002280 N0000000667 1023628 Ulcer, Rodent C0007117 A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471) Carcinoma, Basal Cell C1512 Epithelioma, Basal Cell Rodent Ulcer Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Bronchogenic [Disease/Finding] 1027239 Carcinoma, Bronchial M0003434 254622008 D002283 363493006 Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA. C1518 N0000000670 Carcinoma, Bronchogenic C0007121 Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung [Disease/Finding] D002289 N0000000676 Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung C0007131 C1530 A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. 1022450 Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer M0003440 254637007 Carcinoma, Renal Cell [Disease/Finding] Adenocarcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. 188251003 M0003442 N0000000678 Nephroid Carcinoma Renal Cell Cancer Carcinoma, Renal Cell D002292 1025619 Carcinoma, Renal Cell C0007134 C1534 Renal Cell Carcinoma Cardiac Tamponade [Disease/Finding] Cardiac Tamponade 1024098 C1546 Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse. C0007177 M0003456 Pericardial Tamponade N0000000684 Cardiac Tamponade 35304003 D002305 Cardiovascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] 49601007 1022075 105980002 Cardiovascular Diseases N0000000689 M0003473 C0007222 Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. C1556 Cardiovascular Diseases D002318 Cartilage Diseases [Disease/Finding] D002357 50927007 367355001 C0007302 N0000000694 1023741 C1566 Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE). Cartilage Diseases M0003568 Central Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] D002493 C1596 Central Nervous System Disorders M0003805 23853001 Central Nervous System Diseases N0000000709 Central Nervous System Diseases CNS Diseases 1023588 C0007682 Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. Central Nervous System Infections [Disease/Finding] C1598 128117002 1026115 D002494 Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONS; fungal infections; PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS; HELMINTHIASIS; and PRION DISEASES may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process. M0003806 Infections, Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Infections Central Nervous System Infection Central Nervous System Infections C0007684 N0000000710 Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures. C1618 D002542 N0000000720 M0333623 C0007781 Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis 1027996 Cerebral Infarction [Disease/Finding] C0007785 D002544 C1622 266256009 1025113 Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). N0000000722 Cerebral Infarction Infarction, Cerebral M0003885 Brain Ischemia [Disease/Finding] D002545 N0000000723 Encephalopathy, Ischemic C0007786 C1624 Brain Ischemia 389100007 Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. 1023203 Brain Ischemia Ischemic Encephalopathy M0003886 Ischemic Attack, Transient [Disease/Finding] Brain TIA Ischemic Attack, Transient TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) C0007787 N0000000724 Transient Ischemic Attack C1626 1023504 266257000 M0003887 313242003 Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) Ischemic Attack, Transient D002546 Cerebrovascular Disorders [Disease/Finding] Intracranial Vascular Disorders 1022010 C1638 N0000000730 Cerebrovascular Disorders C0007820 Vascular Diseases, Intracranial Cerebrovascular Disorders D002561 A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES; or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. M0003914 Brain Vascular Disorders 62914000 Chest Pain [Disease/Finding] D002637 N0000000746 Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest. M0004035 C0008031 1024345 Chest Pain Chest Pain C1670 29857009 Chickenpox [Disease/Finding] Chickenpox 1025604 38907003 C0008049 Varicella C1676 M0004041 N0000000749 Chicken Pox D002644 A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Chickenpox Child Behavior Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0008066 Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns. N0000000751 C1680 M0004052 1029830 Child Behavior Disorders D002653 Child Development Disorders, Pervasive [Disease/Finding] M0004062 D002659 Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements. Pervasive Child Development Disorders Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Child Development Disorders, Pervasive C0008074 C1684 N0000000753 1028303 Chlamydia Infections [Disease/Finding] C1686 M0004107 105629000 N0000000754 Chlamydia Infections Chlamydia Infections Infections, Chlamydia Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA. C0008149 D002690 1023626 Chlamydiaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] C1688 C0008153 987383 Chlamydiaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE. N0000000755 Chlamydiaceae Infections M0004111 D002694 Cholestasis [Disease/Finding] 197446008 Bile Duct Obstruction Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). 30144000 C1702 1023457 Cholestasis C0008370 N0000000762 Biliary Stasis D002779 M0004258 Cholestasis Cholestasis, Intrahepatic [Disease/Finding] N0000000763 Biliary Stasis, Intrahepatic D002780 4637005 M0004262 C1704 1028249 Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic Cholestasis, Intrahepatic C0008372 Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). Intrahepatic Cholestasis Choriocarcinoma [Disease/Finding] Choriocarcinoma D002822 M0004339 A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL). C0008497 C1728 N0000000775 188188009 Choriocarcinoma 1025772 Chromoblastomycosis [Disease/Finding] M0004392 187079000 238441002 Chromomycosis Chromoblastomycosis Dermatitis Verrucosa N0000000782 D002862 Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumorous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the entire upper extremity. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p362) C0008582 C1742 1024319 Chromoblastomycosis 252402000 Cicatrix [Disease/Finding] N0000000790 C1758 M0004472 Scar 1024421 D002921 Scars C2004491 Cicatrix Cicatrix 275322007 The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. Clostridium Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. D003015 Clostridium Infections N0000000796 Clostridium Infections M0004637 56688005 989684 C1770 C0009062 Infections, Clostridium Cluster Headache [Disease/Finding] Histamine Cephalgia Cluster Headache Cluster Headache Ciliary Neuralgia 1022422 Horton's Syndrome C1774 C0009088 Cluster Headache Syndrome Headache, Cluster A primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral PAIN which is orbital, supraorbital, temporal or in any combination of these sites, lasting 15-180 min. occurring 1 to 8 times a day. The attacks are associated with one or more of the following, all of which are ipsilateral: conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial SWEATING, eyelid EDEMA, and miosis. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) 193947008 193031009 D003027 N0000000798 Horton Syndrome 230473009 Chronic Cluster Headache Neuralgic Migraine M0004652 Coccidioidomycosis [Disease/Finding] San Joaquin Valley Fever Valley Fever M0004676 1023493 Coccidioides immitis Infection Coccidioidomycosis D003047 C0009186 N0000000800 Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN. Coccidioidomycosis C1778 60826002 Coccidiosis [Disease/Finding] C0009187 M0004678 1023852 Coccidiosis Coccidiosis C1780 N0000000801 Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA. D003048 62005008 Colitis [Disease/Finding] D003092 Colitis Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. C1790 1024342 N0000000806 M0004770 C0009319 64226004 Colitis, Ulcerative [Disease/Finding] Colitis, Ulcerative Colitis, Ulcerative D003093 C0009324 1025158 64766004 M0004771 N0000000807 Ulcerative Colitis C1792 Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. Collagen Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0004792 C0009326 N0000000808 D003095 Collagen Diseases Collagen Diseases 1022203 Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494) C1794 81573002 Colonic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). D003108 M0004814 Colonic Diseases Colonic Diseases C0009373 1025915 C1800 N0000000811 128524007 Colonic Diseases, Functional [Disease/Finding] Colonic Diseases, Functional 1026889 C0009374 Colonic Diseases, Functional Functional Colonic Diseases Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category. N0000000812 D003109 M0004815 C1802 Colonic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Neoplasms, Colonic C1804 D003110 Colonic Neoplasms Colonic Neoplasms N0000000813 1024201 C0009375 Tumors or cancer of the COLON. Colon Neoplasms M0004817 126838000 Coma [Disease/Finding] A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. D003128 C1816 N0000000819 M0004841 988251 Coma Coma 371632003 C0009421 Comatose Confusion [Disease/Finding] C0009676 D003221 C1838 1021821 N0000000830 M0005001 A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation. 286933003 Confusion Confusion Confusional State Conjunctival Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000000831 C0009759 M0005013 59698003 Conjunctival Diseases 1024252 C1840 D003229 Conjunctival Diseases Conjunctivitis [Disease/Finding] Conjunctivitis 9826008 1026151 Conjunctivitis 193875009 D003231 M0005015 C0009763 C1844 N0000000833 Conjunctivitis, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] Conjunctivitis, Purulent 243462001 Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia. Bacterial Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis, Mucopurulent D003234 N0000000836 C0009768 Bacterial Conjunctivitides Conjunctivitis, Bacterial 128350005 243321006 Conjunctivitides, Bacterial 1024334 C1850 M0005021 Conjunctivitis, Bacterial Connective Tissue Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0005027 C0009782 C1856 D003240 Connective Tissue Diseases 105969002 N0000000839 A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. 986518 Connective Tissue Diseases Consciousness Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0009792 M0005031 Organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. Dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres or brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION may result in this condition. 1031236 N0000000840 Consciousness Disorders Consciousness Disorders C1858 D003244 Constipation [Disease/Finding] 14760008 Constipation M0005043 1022104 C1860 Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. N0000000841 C0009806 D003248 Corneal Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0005177 15250008 1024256 C0010034 Corneal Diseases C1880 N0000000851 D003316 Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea. Coronary Artery Disease [Disease/Finding] 53741008 C1890 Coronary Artery Disease 414024009 C1956346 Coronary Artery Disease N0000000856 M0502868 1103697 Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. D003324 Coronary Disease [Disease/Finding] Coronary Heart Disease 1022922 C1892 53741008 N0000000857 An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. Coronary Disease M0005191 C0010068 Coronary Disease D003327 Coronary Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] D003328 1025738 Coronary Thrombosis N0000000858 M0005194 398274000 Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Coronary Thrombosis C0010072 C1894 Thrombosis, Coronary Coronary Vasospasm [Disease/Finding] N0000000859 Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries. Coronary Vasospasm Coronary Vasospasm C0010073 D003329 C1896 23687008 1021875 Coronary Artery Vasospasm M0005195 Cranial Nerve Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0010266 Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate. 1023353 Cranial Nerve Disorders Neuropathies, Cranial 73013002 Cranial Nerve Diseases Cranial Nerve Diseases C1910 Cranial Neuropathies D003389 N0000000866 Nervus Cranialis Disorders M0005279 Crohn Disease [Disease/Finding] Crohn's Disease D003424 A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients. N0000000875 34000006 C1928 M0005335 C0010346 Crohn Disease Crohn Disease 1024195 Cryoglobulinemia [Disease/Finding] 30911005 C0010403 C1936 M0005376 N0000000879 Cryoglobulinemia Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas. D003449 1027021 Cryptococcosis [Disease/Finding] Cryptococcosis 1021843 C0010414 N0000000880 Cryptococcosis Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS. 42386007 M0005381 C1938 Torulosis D003453 Cushing Syndrome [Disease/Finding] Hypercortisolism C0010481 190505004 Cushing Syndrome Cushing's Syndrome D003480 Cushing Syndrome M0005427 N0000000883 A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent. C1944 1023535 Cystinuria [Disease/Finding] D003555 Cystinuria 1024925 M0005557 An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1. 85020001 C0010691 Cystinuria C1964 N0000000893 Cystitis [Disease/Finding] 38822007 C0010692 D003556 1024624 Cystitis M0005558 N0000000894 C1966 Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. Cytomegalovirus Infections [Disease/Finding] M0005604 D003586 N0000000897 C0010823 Cytomegalovirus Infections Salivary Gland Virus Disease Inclusion Disease Infections, Cytomegalovirus Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults. Cytomegalovirus Infections C1972 Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease 1023187 28944009 Deficiency Diseases [Disease/Finding] D003677 Deficiency Diseases Deficiency Diseases M0005753 N0000000909 A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) 1025258 C0011156 C1996 Deglutition Disorders [Disease/Finding] Deglutition Disorders 1023938 M0005756 C1998 Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. 40739000 N0000000910 D003680 Dysphagia C0011168 Swallowing Disorders Delirium [Disease/Finding] 2776000 A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2) D003693 1024817 C2002 C0011206 Delirium Delirium M0005774 N0000000912 Hepatitis D [Disease/Finding] Infection, Delta 1023265 M0005790 Delta Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. C0011226 Hepatitis, Delta C2004 Hepatitis D D003699 Delta Infection N0000000913 Hepatitis D Dementia [Disease/Finding] C2006 Dementia C0497327 M0005797 Dementia 1022551 Amentia D003704 N0000000914 52448006 An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. Demyelinating Diseases [Disease/Finding] Demyelinating Diseases M0005825 D003711 Demyelinating Diseases Demyelinating Disorders C2008 N0000000915 1026682 Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. C0011303 Depressive Disorder [Disease/Finding] D003866 C0011581 Depressive Disorder Depressive Disorder 35489007 1026289 C2054 N0000000938 An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. M0006033 Neurosis, Depressive Dermatitis [Disease/Finding] C2056 1023378 182782007 Dermatitis M0006046 C0011603 Any inflammation of the skin. D003872 Dermatitis N0000000939 Dermatitis, Exfoliative [Disease/Finding] N0000000940 Erythroderma 200948000 399992009 396349005 D003873 400005007 Dermatitis, Exfoliative M0006047 C2058 C0011606 Dermatitis Exfoliativa 1022880 396350005 The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Dermatitis, Exfoliative Dermatitis Herpetiformis [Disease/Finding] C2060 1026352 Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Dermatitis Herpetiformis Dermatitis Herpetiformis N0000000941 Duhring's Disease 111196000 M0006048 Duhring Disease D003874 C0011608 Drug Eruptions [Disease/Finding] 1025301 275447008 M0006049 28926001 Drug Eruptions Dermatitis, Adverse Drug Reaction N0000000942 Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions. D003875 403675008 Dermatitis Medicamentosa C0011609 Drug Eruptions C2062 Dermatitis, Atopic [Disease/Finding] Eczema, Atopic 200773006 Neurodermatitis, Disseminated 1022124 Neurodermatitis, Atopic C0011615 Dermatitis, Atopic M0006050 N0000000943 Dermatitis, Atopic D003876 24079001 200775004 A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. C2064 Dermatomycoses [Disease/Finding] N0000000945 Skin Diseases, Fungal C0011630 14560005 276206000 Fungal Skin Diseases C2068 Dermatomycosis Dermatomycoses Dermatomycoses 1021749 D003881 Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi. M0006059 Diabetes Mellitus [Disease/Finding] M0006148 73211009 C0011849 D003920 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. 990753 C2078 N0000000950 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 [Disease/Finding] 44054006 M0006155 Diabetes Mellitus, Stable Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non Insulin Dependent D003924 N0000000954 C0011860 MODY Diabetes Mellitus, Maturity-Onset NIDDM Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Slow-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis-Resistant A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset 1025564 C2086 Diabetes Mellitus, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathies [Disease/Finding] M0006160 C2092 D003928 KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. Diabetic Kidney Disease N0000000957 197605007 Diabetic Nephropathy 54181000 127013003 C0011881 21858001 Diabetic Nephropathies 1021799 Diabetic Nephropathies Diabetic Neuropathies [Disease/Finding] M0006162 C0011882 230572002 N0000000958 Diabetic Neuropathies Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) C2094 267382005 1027333 D003929 Diarrhea [Disease/Finding] C0011991 Diarrhea D003967 267060006 N0000000963 1022243 C2104 62315008 An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. M0006212 Diarrhea 398032003 Digestive System Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000000973 C0012242 Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). M0006374 1023342 C2124 D004066 53619000 Digestive System Diseases Digestive System Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 128348002 M0006375 Neoplasms, Digestive System N0000000974 1027801 C2126 Digestive System Neoplasms 128415001 C0012243 D004067 189527000 Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Digestive System Neoplasms Diverticulitis [Disease/Finding] 197102009 D004238 Diverticulitis 1027287 C2154 307496006 N0000000988 M0006630 C0012813 Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula. Diverticulitis DNA Virus Infections [Disease/Finding] M0006675 C0012922 1027612 D004266 DNA Virus Infections N0000000993 DNA Virus Infections Infections, DNA Virus C2164 Drug Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] D004342 Drug Allergy Drug Hypersensitivity 416093006 Drug Hypersensitivity 416098002 C0013182 M0006829 Hypersensitivity, Drug Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. Allergy, Drug C2176 1024684 N0000000999 Drug Toxicity [Disease/Finding] 7895008 N0000001000 Drug Toxicity D004362 C0013221 Manifestations of the adverse effects of drugs administered therapeutically or in the course of diagnostic techniques. It does not include accidental or intentional poisoning for which specific headings are available. C2178 1022029 M0006855 Toxicity, Drug Drug Toxicity Ductus Arteriosus, Patent [Disease/Finding] M0006877 Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus N0000001003 Ductus Arteriosus, Patent C2184 83330001 A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth. C0013274 1021972 D004374 Ductus Arteriosus, Patent Duodenal Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000001005 Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). C0013289 D004378 M0006881 1022796 C2188 Duodenal Diseases Duodenal Diseases 52182008 Duodenal Ulcer [Disease/Finding] A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. D004381 Duodenal Ulcer C0013295 1025099 C2194 196672001 N0000001008 51868009 367474008 M0006885 Duodenal Ulcer Dysentery [Disease/Finding] 111939009 D004403 Infectious Diarrheal Disease N0000001016 C0013369 1022956 C2210 236076004 M0006913 Dysentery Dysentery 19213003 Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION. Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced [Disease/Finding] N0000001022 C0013386 Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced 1022304 Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199) 102448004 M0006920 C2222 Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced D004409 Dysmenorrhea [Disease/Finding] Dysmenorrhea C2228 M0006924 Menstruation, Painful N0000001025 C0013390 Painful menstruation. 266599000 Pain, Menstrual 986315 D004412 Dysmenorrhea Edema [Disease/Finding] C2292 M0007051 1022374 Edema 79654002 Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. Dropsy 20741006 N0000001057 D004487 C0013604 Hydrops Emaciation [Disease/Finding] N0000001066 C0013911 Emaciation Emaciation M0007242 Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION). C2310 371597004 D004614 1027077 Encephalitis [Disease/Finding] M0007337 D004660 N0000001076 C2330 Encephalitis 1022474 C0014038 Brain Inflammation Inflammation, Brain 45170000 Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. Encephalitis Encephalitis, Arbovirus [Disease/Finding] C0014055 Infections of the brain caused by arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., arboviruses) primarily from the families TOGAVIRIDAE; FLAVIVIRIDAE; BUNYAVIRIDAE; REOVIRIDAE; and RHABDOVIRIDAE. Life cycles of these viruses are characterized by ZOONOSES, with birds and lower mammals serving as intermediate hosts. The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) or TICKS. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, alterations of mentation, focal neurologic deficits, and COMA. (From Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jan;7(1):89-116; Walton, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, 10th ed, p321) Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitis 192687008 285756005 186498004 Epidemic Encephalitis D004671 C2334 Encephalitis, Arbovirus 1021779 Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne Encephalitis, Arbovirus M0007356 N0000001078 Arthropod-Borne Encephalitis Viral Encephalitis, Arthropod-Borne Encephalitis, Epidemic Encephalomyelitis [Disease/Finding] Encephalomyelitis 62950007 C0014070 Myeloencephalitis D004679 N0000001085 C2348 A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature. M0007368 Encephalomyelitis 1025712 Endocarditis [Disease/Finding] Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening. 1027251 M0007392 Endocarditis C2370 56819008 N0000001096 D004696 Endocarditis C0014118 Endocarditis, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] C2372 M0007393 Endocarditis, Bacterial Endocarditides, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use. Bacterial Endocarditides N0000001097 C0014121 D004697 301183007 Bacterial Endocarditis 1021809 Endocarditis, Bacterial Endocrine System Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000001099 Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES. 362969004 Endocrine Diseases D004700 Endocrine System Diseases M0007396 Diseases of Endocrine System C2376 Endocrine System Diseases 1022080 C0014130 Endocrine Gland Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS. C2378 Endocrine Gland Neoplasms M0007397 Endocrine Gland Neoplasms 1022324 387922007 N0000001100 387927001 C0014132 D004701 Neoplasms, Endocrine Gland Endometriosis [Disease/Finding] D004715 Endometriosis 129103003 M0007413 1024249 C2382 Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. N0000001102 C0014175 Enterobacteriaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] C0014347 C2394 M0007472 Infections, Enterobacterial Enterobacteriaceae Infections Enterobacterial Infections D004756 Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. 1024436 Enterobacteriaceae Infections N0000001108 Infections, Enterobacteriaceae Enterocolitis [Disease/Finding] M0007478 1025705 Enterocolitis C0014356 C2396 Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses. N0000001109 D004760 43752006 Enterocolitis Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous [Disease/Finding] C0014358 C2398 Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous 1025680 D004761 N0000001110 M0007479 397683000 An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization. Enuresis [Disease/Finding] 1023181 C0014394 8009008 D004775 Enuresis C2406 Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis). M0007497 N0000001114 Enuresis Eosinophilia [Disease/Finding] M0007532 C0014457 Eosinophilia N0000001115 D004802 Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs. 1021800 C2408 191363000 Eosinophilia Ependymoma [Disease/Finding] Ependymoma N0000001117 1025308 M0007536 Glioma derived from ependymocytes that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9) C2412 Ependymoma C0014474 57706008 D004806 Epidermolysis Bullosa [Disease/Finding] Epidermolysis Bullosa C2424 D004820 Epidermolysis Bullosa N0000001123 61003004 1025920 M0007557 C0014527 Acantholysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties. Epilepsy [Disease/Finding] Seizure Disorder Epilepsy C0014544 M0007564 Epilepsy 1021750 128613002 D004827 84757009 C2430 N0000001126 Seizures, Epileptic Epileptic Seizures A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) Epilepsies, Partial [Disease/Finding] Epilepsy, Localization-Related M0007566 C2432 Partial Epilepsy Focal Seizure Disorder 230381009 C0014547 Seizure Disorder, Focal 1024007 N0000001127 Partial Seizure Disorder Epilepsies, Partial D004828 Seizure Disorder, Partial Epilepsy, Partial Epilepsy, Focal Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) Epilepsies, Partial Epilepsy, Generalized [Disease/Finding] Epilepsy, Generalized N0000001128 Epilepsy, Generalized 19598007 1024495 M0007570 C0014548 Seizure Disorder, Generalized Recurrent conditions characterized by epileptic seizures which arise diffusely and simultaneously from both hemispheres of the brain. Classification is generally based upon motor manifestations of the seizure (e.g., convulsive, nonconvulsive, akinetic, atonic, etc.) or etiology (e.g., idiopathic, cryptogenic, and symptomatic). (From Mayo Clin Proc, 1996 Apr;71(4):405-14) C2434 D004829 Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic [Disease/Finding] Epilepsy, Grand Mal N0000001129 Tonic-Clonic Seizure Disorder Major Motor Seizure Disorder Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic 1022827 Seizure Disorder, Grand Mal Tonic-Clonic Convulsion Disorder Epilepsy, Major Tonic-Clonic Convulsion Syndrome C0014549 M0007573 A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) Tonic-Clonic Seizure Syndrome 352818000 Tonic Clonic Convulsions D004830 Seizure Disorder, Tonic Clonic Convulsions, Grand Mal Grand Mal Seizure Disorder Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic C2436 Seizure Disorder, Major Motor Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe [Disease/Finding] 1024058 C0014556 C2442 193000002 N0000001132 Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe D004833 Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe M0007578 A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321) Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic [Disease/Finding] 1022785 N0000001133 75023009 C0014557 C2444 M0007580 D004834 Post-Traumatic Seizure Disorder Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic Recurrent seizures causally related to CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Seizure onset may be immediate but is typically delayed for several days after the injury and may not occur for up to two years. The majority of seizures have a focal onset that correlates clinically with the site of brain injury. Cerebral cortex injuries caused by a penetrating foreign object (CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, PENETRATING) are more likely than closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED) to be associated with epilepsy. Concussive convulsions are nonepileptic phenomena that occur immediately after head injury and are characterized by tonic and clonic movements. (From Rev Neurol 1998 Feb;26(150):256-261; Sports Med 1998 Feb;25(2):131-6) Seizure Disorder, Post-Traumatic Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic Epilepsy, Traumatic Erythema [Disease/Finding] Erythema 86735004 M0007679 D004890 Erythema N0000001144 C2466 C0041834 1023390 Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes. Erythema Multiforme [Disease/Finding] A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic "bull's-eye" lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms. D004892 36715001 M0007681 Erythema Multiforme Erythema Multiforme C2470 C0014742 1027514 N0000001146 Erythema Nodosum [Disease/Finding] An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy. Erythema Nodosum C2472 32861005 D004893 1027500 M0007682 Erythema Nodosum N0000001147 C0014743 Escherichia coli Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, E coli C2486 Infections, Escherichia coli D004927 N0000001154 985413 Escherichia coli Infections Escherichia coli Infections E coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. 71057007 C0014836 M0007733 Esophageal Diseases [Disease/Finding] Esophageal Diseases C0014852 990942 Esophageal Diseases C2496 N0000001159 Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS. D004935 M0007747 37657006 Esophageal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] C2502 Neoplasms, Esophageal Esophagus Neoplasm M0007750 1023659 C0014859 Esophageal Neoplasms Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. N0000001162 D004938 126817006 Esophagitis [Disease/Finding] INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA. 1022660 16761005 Esophagitis Esophagitis N0000001165 C0014868 M0007753 D004941 C2508 Eye Diseases [Disease/Finding] D005128 Eye Diseases Eye Diseases N0000001181 194183009 M0008088 1023594 C2540 C0015397 Eyelid Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0015423 C2552 N0000001187 1025672 Eyelid Diseases D005141 M0008105 Eyelid Diseases 60113004 Facial Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] 1028247 M0008112 Facial Dermatoses C0015456 C2558 D005148 Facial Dermatosis Facial Dermatoses N0000001190 Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications [Disease/Finding] D005261 C2626 M0008309 Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications N0000001224 Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications C1720765 Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT, the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE), and disorders related to PREGNANCY. 985609 Fever [Disease/Finding] An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. M0008421 Hyperthermia 1021819 367493005 D005334 Fever 386661006 Pyrexia 50177009 C0015967 Fever N0000001242 C2662 Fibrosis [Disease/Finding] C0016059 1024477 Fibrosis M0008453 N0000001249 C2676 Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. D005355 Fibrosis 112674009 Foot Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] 1024965 C0016509 Foot Dermatosis M0008722 C2728 D005533 Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified. Foot Dermatoses Foot Dermatoses N0000001275 Foot Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000001276 D005534 986717 Foot Diseases C0016510 Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. C2730 M0008723 118932009 Foot Diseases Gastroenteritis [Disease/Finding] D005759 N0000001317 Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis 1024672 INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. 25374005 C2812 M0009018 C0017160 Gastroesophageal Reflux [Disease/Finding] 235595009 M0009024 Gastroesophageal Reflux D005764 Gastroesophageal Reflux Esophageal Reflux GERD Reflux, Gastroesophageal C2816 Gastro-Esophageal Reflux N0000001319 Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 1022040 C0017168 Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Gastrointestinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] 119292006 M0009033 C2818 1022118 N0000001320 Gastrointestinal Diseases Gastrointestinal Diseases D005767 C0017178 Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Gastrointestinal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 1025588 M0009038 D005770 Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Neoplasms, Gastrointestinal C0017185 126768004 Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL. C2820 N0000001321 Genital Diseases, Female [Disease/Finding] Female Genital Diseases D005831 Gynecologic Diseases N0000001323 244938009 C2824 310789003 1026095 C0017411 Genital Diseases, Female M0009154 Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). Genital Diseases, Female Genital Diseases, Male [Disease/Finding] C0017412 M0009155 N0000001324 C2826 64557000 Genital Diseases, Male Genital Diseases, Male 1021837 Male Genital Diseases D005832 Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE). Genital Neoplasms, Female [Disease/Finding] C0017416 1024023 Female Genital Neoplasms M0009156 Gynecologic Neoplasms Neoplasms, Gynecologic Genital Neoplasms, Female 126907002 C2828 D005833 N0000001325 Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). Neoplasms, Female Genital Genital Neoplasms, Male [Disease/Finding] C2830 Neoplasms, Male Genital 1028573 126895004 Male Genital Neoplasms D005834 Genital Neoplasms, Male Genital Neoplasms, Male Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA. N0000001326 M0009157 C0017417 Giardiasis [Disease/Finding] Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA LAMBLIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact. 58265007 C0017536 Giardiasis M0009224 988685 Lambliasis D005873 N0000001331 C2840 10679007 Tourette Syndrome [Disease/Finding] N0000001334 Combined Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder Tourette's Disease Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder, Combined Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tic Disorder Tic Disorder, Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tourette Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome D005879 A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79) C0040517 Tourette Disease C2846 Tourette Disorder 1024192 M0009230 Tourette Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette's Disease Tourette's Syndrome 5158005 Tourette's Disorder Glaucoma [Disease/Finding] N0000001345 D005901 C2868 Glaucoma M0009260 C0017601 1022133 23986001 An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) Glaucoma Glaucoma, Open-Angle [Disease/Finding] 46168003 Glaucoma, Compensated Glaucoma, Open Angle Glaucoma, Pigmentary Glaucoma, Simple 193538009 Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. C0017612 M0009261 1023893 N0000001346 84494001 Glaucoma, Compensative Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma, Open-Angle Open-Angle Glaucoma C2870 Glaucoma Simplex D005902 Glioblastoma [Disease/Finding] C0017636 Astrocytoma, Grade IV M0009269 Glioblastoma Glioblastoma N0000001347 A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. C2872 1025895 D005909 63634009 Glioma [Disease/Finding] C2874 Glioma D005910 Glial Cell Tumors 1025030 Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) M0009271 C0017638 N0000001348 Glioma 115240006 Glomerulonephritis [Disease/Finding] 36171008 Glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis 236391006 N0000001351 C2880 C0017658 M0009300 Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. D005921 1021985 Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental [Disease/Finding] Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Glomerulosclerosis, Focal C0017668 D005923 Glomerulonephritis, Focal Sclerosing M0009302 N0000001353 Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental 25821008 C2884 1026699 A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE. Goiter [Disease/Finding] Goiter Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). C0018021 3716002 M0009516 N0000001371 D006042 C2920 1022351 Gonadal Disorders [Disease/Finding] Gonadal Disorders Pathological processes of the OVARIES or the TESTES. 986338 C0018050 N0000001376 D006058 Gonadal Disorders M0009536 C2930 Gonorrhea [Disease/Finding] C0018081 988436 D006069 C2938 Gonorrhea Gonorrhea 15628003 M0009553 N0000001380 Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. Gout [Disease/Finding] Hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi. Gout C0018099 Gout N0000001382 M0009557 90560007 D006073 C2942 1026223 Graft vs Host Disease [Disease/Finding] N0000001384 Homologous Wasting Disease C2946 D006086 M0009578 Graft-vs-Host Disease 1024721 234646005 The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION. Graft vs Host Disease Graft vs Host Disease C0018133 Graft-Versus-Host Disease Runt Disease Gynecomastia [Disease/Finding] Gynecomastia Male Breast Enlargement N0000001396 4754008 M0009717 D006177 Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males. C0018418 1022299 C2970 Haemophilus Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Hemophilus Hemophilus Infections Haemophilus Infections C0018482 Haemophilus Infections N0000001398 Infections, Haemophilus Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS. C2974 1021899 41659003 D006192 M0009740 Hand Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] D006229 C2998 Hand Dermatosis Hand Dermatoses Hand Dermatoses M0009782 N0000001410 C0018567 1028376 Head and Neck Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Head, Neck Neoplasms C3010 255055008 Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) Neoplasms, Head and Neck C0018671 M0009818 D006258 Head and Neck Neoplasms Head and Neck Neoplasms N0000001416 1024324 Craniocerebral Trauma [Disease/Finding] Craniocerebral Trauma M0009821 1024743 Injuries, Craniocerebral 82271004 Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage. Craniocerebral Trauma C3012 C0018674 Head Injuries N0000001417 D006259 Head Trauma Craniocerebral Injuries Injuries, Head Trauma, Head Heart Block [Disease/Finding] M0009945 233916004 C3038 1023276 Heart Block N0000001430 C0018794 Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects. Heart Block D006327 Heart Defects, Congenital [Disease/Finding] Congenital Heart Defect N0000001431 204413006 D006330 M0009950 Heart Defect, Congenital 1022077 C3040 Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. Heart Defects, Congenital Heart Abnormalities Heart Defects, Congenital C0018798 Congenital Heart Defects Abnormality, Heart Defects, Congenital Heart Heart Diseases [Disease/Finding] D006331 Heart Diseases Cardiac Diseases M0009951 Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. C0018799 C3042 56265001 N0000001432 1022072 Heart Diseases Cardiomegaly [Disease/Finding] C0018800 C3044 Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. 8186001 Enlarged Heart 1023747 D006332 Cardiomegaly Cardiomegaly Heart Enlargement M0009952 N0000001433 Heart Failure [Disease/Finding] Heart Failure 1024953 C3046 C0018802 42343007 A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Cardiac Failure N0000001434 D006333 M0009953 Heart Failure Heartburn [Disease/Finding] C0018834 C3066 16331000 Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus. Pyrosis D006356 Heartburn Heartburn N0000001444 M0009980 1022047 Hemangioma [Disease/Finding] Hemangioma Hemangioma C3080 A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000) 400210000 189194008 N0000001451 M0010031 987582 D006391 C0018916 Hematologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Hematologic Diseases N0000001459 Blood Diseases C3096 D006402 Hematological Diseases 1021953 Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. 191402006 C0018939 267573000 M0010044 Hematologic Diseases Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases C0018981 Hematologic diseases and diseases of the lymphatic system collectively. Hemic diseases include disorders involving the formed elements (e.g., ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION, INTRAVASCULAR) and chemical components (e.g., BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS); lymphatic diseases include disorders relating to lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes. C3110 D006425 Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases M0010072 N0000001466 1026878 Hemochromatosis [Disease/Finding] N0000001469 M0010098 Diabetes, Bronze Hemochromatosis 399187006 399144008 D006432 1023441 C3116 Hemochromatosis C0018995 A disorder due to the deposition of hemosiderin in the parenchymal cells, causing tissue damage and dysfunction of the liver, pancreas, heart, and pituitary. Full development of the disease in women is restricted by menstruation, pregnancy, and lower dietary intake of iron. Acquired hemochromatosis may be the result of blood transfusions, excessive dietary iron, or secondary to other disease. Idiopathic or genetic hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of metabolism associated with a gene tightly linked to the A locus of the HLA complex on chromosome 6. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Hemoglobinopathies [Disease/Finding] 80141007 C0019045 M0010129 A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule. Hemoglobinopathies 1023547 D006453 C3122 N0000001472 Hemoglobinopathies Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] N0000001481 C0019080 M0010152 Bleeding 1023287 Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. D006470 Hemorrhage Hemorrhage C3140 195511004 Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage [Disease/Finding] Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. C0017181 M0010153 Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal 266477005 D006471 74474003 C3142 1024534 N0000001482 Hemorrhagic Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1023732 D006474 N0000001485 Hemorrhagic Disorders 191331006 C3148 C0019087 M0010157 Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS). Hemorrhagic Disorders Hemorrhagic Diathesis Hemorrhoids [Disease/Finding] M0010177 Hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids D006484 70153002 C3164 1023434 C0019112 Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain. N0000001493 Hepatitis [Disease/Finding] C0019158 M0010205 INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. 989819 C3176 D006505 128241005 197351001 Hepatitis Hepatitis N0000001499 Hepatitis, Chronic [Disease/Finding] D006521 Chronic Hepatitis N0000001504 989540 Hepatitis, Chronic 197286002 M0010227 C3186 197288001 INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors. 76783007 Hepatitis, Chronic C0019189 Hepatitis, Viral, Human [Disease/Finding] INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D). M0010233 990781 N0000001508 C3194 Hepatitis, Viral, Human Hepatitis, Viral, Human D006525 C0019195 Hepatitis C [Disease/Finding] Parenterally-Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis M0010234 D006526 C0019196 1024879 Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown. N0000001509 Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted 50711007 186634008 PT-NANBH Hepatitis C C3196 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular [Disease/Finding] N0000001511 A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. D006528 Liver Cell Carcinoma, Adult C2239176 M0010236 109841003 Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Hepatoma 1021881 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Liver Cancer, Adult 187769009 C3200 Hepatocellular Cancer Herpes Genitalis [Disease/Finding] M0010276 C0019342 N0000001527 Herpes Simplex Virus Genital Infection Herpes Genitalis Genital Herpes 33839006 D006558 Herpes Simplex, Genital C3232 1025755 Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females. 271463009 Herpes Genitalis Herpes Simplex [Disease/Finding] C0019348 Herpes Simplex Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) 88594005 C3238 N0000001530 1023866 M0010279 D006561 Herpes Zoster [Disease/Finding] Herpes Zoster C3240 1022292 M0010280 Zona Shingles Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Herpes Zoster N0000001531 C0019360 4740000 D006562 Herpesviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] 23513009 Herpesviridae Infections N0000001533 Herpesvirus Infections C0019372 Herpesviridae Infections D006566 Infections, Herpesviridae Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. 1024733 Infections, Herpesvirus M0010285 C3244 High Pressure Neurological Syndrome [Disease/Finding] High Pressure Neurological Syndrome A syndrome related to increased atmospheric pressure and characterized by tremors, nausea, dizziness, decreased motor and mental performance, and SEIZURES. This condition may occur in those who dive deeply (c. 1000 ft) usually while breathing a mixture of oxygen and helium. The condition is associated with a neuroexcitatory effect of helium. C0019537 M0010353 N0000001536 HPNS C3250 D006610 High Pressure Neural Syndrome High Pressure Neurological Syndrome High Pressure Nervous Syndrome 984887 Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell [Disease/Finding] Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis Schueller-Christian Disease N0000001544 Letterer-Siwe Disease D006646 Hand-Schüller-Christian Disease Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis, Generalized 190955000 C0019621 C3266 Histiocytosis-X 65399007 989741 Histiocytosis X Langerhans-Cell Granulomatosis Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder. Hand-Schueller-Christian Disease M0010406 Hand-Schueller-Christian Syndrome 190956004 Hand-Schüller-Christian Syndrome Histoplasmosis [Disease/Finding] C3270 M0010434 187055002 Infection resulting from inhalation or ingestion of spores of the fungus of the genus HISTOPLASMA, species H. capsulatum. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the midwestern United States. (From Dorland, 27th ed) C0019655 Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis D006660 N0000001546 1025866 12962009 Hodgkin Disease [Disease/Finding] N0000001550 Hodgkin Disease Hodgkins Disease Lymphogranuloma, Malignant C0019829 Hodgkin Disease 118599009 D006689 A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. 1022669 Hodgkin's Disease Hodgkin Lymphoma 118606001 M0010484 C3278 188543002 Hodgkin's Lymphoma Hyperaldosteronism [Disease/Finding] 88213004 C0020428 N0000001573 D006929 Hyperaldosteronism M0010808 A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA. Aldosteronism C3324 1022951 Hyperaldosteronism Hypercalcemia [Disease/Finding] D006934 66931009 Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. M0010814 1026898 C3332 N0000001577 C0020437 Hypercholesterolemia [Disease/Finding] D006937 C0020443 A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. Hypercholesterolemia 13644009 N0000001580 Hypercholesteremia C3338 Hypercholesterolemia M0010818 1023485 Hyperlipidemias [Disease/Finding] C3362 M0010830 D006949 1023000 Hyperlipidemia N0000001592 Hyperlipidemias C0020473 Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. 55822004 Hyperlipemia Hyperlipidemias Hyperlipoproteinemias [Disease/Finding] Hyperlipoproteinemias C0020476 1022876 3744001 D006951 Hyperlipoproteinemia Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation. M0010833 N0000001594 Hyperlipoproteinemias C3366 Hyperphagia [Disease/Finding] D006963 1023617 Hyperphagia 267023007 M0010847 Overeating C3390 Hyperphagia N0000001606 C0020505 Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food. 58424009 Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] Allergy C3398 M0010851 Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. 269284003 1022134 N0000001610 Hypersensitivity C0020517 127072000 D006967 106190000 Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity, Immediate [Disease/Finding] Hypersensitivity, Atopic 1023968 Hypersensitivity, Immediate Hypersensitivity, Type I Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability. M0010854 IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity D006969 N0000001612 20671006 Hypersensitivity, Immediate C3402 Atopic Hypersensitivity C0020523 Type I Hypersensitivity Hypertension [Disease/Finding] C3410 Blood Pressure, High Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. 1023354 M0010859 D006973 N0000001616 C0020538 Hypertension Hypertension 38341003 Hypertension, Malignant [Disease/Finding] D006974 C0020540 70272006 Hypertension, Malignant N0000001617 C3412 M0010861 A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction. Malignant Hypertension Hypertension, Malignant 1023442 Hyperthyroidism [Disease/Finding] Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. C3422 D006980 1022325 34486009 Primary Hyperthyroidism N0000001622 M0010871 Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism C0020550 Hypertrophy [Disease/Finding] M0010875 56246009 N0000001625 Hypertrophy Hypertrophy C0020564 General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). C3428 1023930 D006984 Hypotension [Disease/Finding] C3476 1022536 45007003 D007022 Vascular Hypotension M0010927 Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. N0000001649 Hypotension C0020649 Hypotension, Vascular Hypotension Blood Pressure, Low Low Blood Pressure Hypothalamic Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1024801 D007027 M0010935 Hypothalamic Diseases C3480 N0000001651 399100005 Hypothalamic Diseases C0020655 Neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and other diseases of the hypothalamus. Clinical manifestations include appetite disorders; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SLEEP DISORDERS; behavioral symptoms related to dysfunction of the LIMBIC SYSTEM; and neuroendocrine disorders. Hypothalamic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Benign and malignant tumors of the HYPOTHALAMUS. Pilocytic astrocytomas and hamartomas are relatively frequent histologic types. Neoplasms of the hypothalamus frequently originate from adjacent structures, including the OPTIC CHIASM, optic nerve (see OPTIC NERVE NEOPLASMS), and pituitary gland (see PITUITARY NEOPLASMS). Relatively frequent clinical manifestations include visual loss, developmental delay, macrocephaly, and precocious puberty. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2051) N0000001652 1021928 Tumors, Hypothalamus D007029 Hypothalamic Tumors Hypothalamus Neoplasms Hypothalamic Neoplasms 254968009 C3482 M0010937 C0020659 Hypothalamic Neoplasms Neoplasms, Hypothalamus Neoplasms, Hypothalamic Ileal Diseases [Disease/Finding] Ileal Diseases Ileal Diseases C0020875 N0000001660 C3498 1025763 M0011023 Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE. D007077 Ileal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 126835002 C3500 1026955 M0011024 Tumors or cancer in the ILEUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). D007078 N0000001661 C0020876 Ileal Neoplasms Ileal Neoplasms Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes [Disease/Finding] D007153 Deficiency Syndromes, Immunologic Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral. Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes C0021051 Deficiency Syndrome, Immunologic Immunological Deficiency Syndromes 191005003 Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome M0011155 234532001 N0000001667 1022772 C3512 Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immune System Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0011156 C0021053 Immune Diseases Immune System Diseases 41266007 Immunologic Diseases Immunological Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both. Immune Disorders 1022843 C3514 N0000001668 Diseases of Immune System D007154 Immune System Diseases Immunoproliferative Disorders [Disease/Finding] N0000001669 1028023 Immunoproliferative Disorders 127071007 M0011164 D007160 Disorders characterized by abnormal proliferation of primary cells of the immune system or by excessive production of immunoglobulins. C3516 C0021070 Immunoproliferative Disorders Erectile Dysfunction [Disease/Finding] Male Impotence 1023399 The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. Erectile Dysfunction M0011178 D007172 Impotence Male Sexual Impotence 397803000 N0000001672 C0242350 Erectile Dysfunction C3522 Infant, Newborn, Diseases [Disease/Finding] C3534 Infant, Newborn, Diseases C0021290 D007232 1024869 22925008 Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. Infant, Newborn, Diseases N0000001678 M0011286 Infection [Disease/Finding] M0011294 C0021311 D007239 Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. N0000001681 C3540 40733004 1022093 Infection Infection Infertility [Disease/Finding] 1023984 Infertility Infertility D007246 8619003 Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility. M0011302 C0021359 C3546 N0000001684 Inflammation [Disease/Finding] M0011307 Inflammation N0000001687 A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. C3552 D007249 Inflammation 23583003 987778 C0021368 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders [Disease/Finding] Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition. 194437008 N0000001691 C3560 D007319 DIMS (Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep) Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders 1026171 Disorders of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep C0021603 M0011403 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Intestinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1023320 Intestinal Diseases N0000001698 M0011569 85919009 Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. D007410 C3574 Intestinal Diseases C0021831 Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic [Disease/Finding] Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic 1021992 Parasitic Intestinal Diseases D007411 C0021832 N0000001699 Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS. C3576 87282003 M0011570 Intestinal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Neoplasms, Intestinal 1023921 N0000001701 Intestinal Neoplasms 126769007 D007414 Intestinal Neoplasms Intestines Neoplasms M0011574 Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES. C0021841 C3580 Intestinal Obstruction [Disease/Finding] Intestinal Obstruction 1023737 81060008 D007415 M0011575 N0000001702 Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. C0021843 C3582 Intestinal Obstruction Intestinal Perforation [Disease/Finding] Intestinal Perforation C0021845 D007416 56905009 Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES. 1027177 C3584 Intestinal Perforation M0011577 N0000001703 Iris Diseases [Disease/Finding] Iris Diseases Iris Diseases 85478004 1027428 C3596 Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris. M0011716 D007499 N0000001709 C0022078 Iritis [Disease/Finding] Iritis Iritis N0000001710 C3598 65074000 Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris. M0011717 1025397 D007500 C0022081 Ischemia [Disease/Finding] Ischemia M0011734 N0000001711 C3600 D007511 C0022116 1025819 Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. 52674009 Joint Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000001727 M0011860 399269003 C0022408 1022553 Joint Diseases D007592 C3632 Joint Diseases Keratitis [Disease/Finding] M0011962 N0000001734 1023965 D007634 Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea. Keratitis C3646 5888003 C0022568 Keratosis [Disease/Finding] 254666005 C3660 Keratosis C0022593 Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. N0000001741 D007642 Keratosis 1026745 M0011970 Kidney Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0022658 D007674 N0000001748 Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. M0012014 Kidney Diseases C3674 Kidney Diseases 1022215 90708001 Kidney Failure, Chronic [Disease/Finding] 90688005 Kidney Failure, Chronic End-Stage Renal Disease D007676 Renal Disease, End-Stage N0000001750 ESRD M0012016 C3678 End-Stage Kidney Disease Renal Failure, End-Stage C0022661 The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. Kidney Failure, Chronic Renal Failure, Chronic Chronic Kidney Failure 988914 Kidney Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 1026062 Neoplasms, Kidney Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. Kidney Neoplasms Kidney Neoplasms Renal Neoplasms D007680 126880001 N0000001751 M0012021 C0022665 C3680 Klebsiella Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Klebsiella Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA. C3694 1027202 Klebsiella Infections Klebsiella Infections N0000001758 C0022729 M0012059 D007710 Lead Poisoning [Disease/Finding] 1027250 Lead Poisoning Lead Poisoning C0023176 D007855 N0000001791 C3760 M0012268 38342005 Poisoning, Lead Leg Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] M0012283 N0000001794 C0023219 C3766 1027712 A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Leg Dermatoses Leg Dermatoses Leg Dermatosis D007868 Legionellosis [Disease/Finding] D007876 26726000 N0000001799 Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA. Legionellosis C0023240 C3776 Legionellosis 1025570 M0012292 Legionnaires' Disease [Disease/Finding] C3778 Legionella pneumophila Infections An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion. Legionnaire Disease 1024785 M0012293 Legionnaires' Disease 269574000 N0000001800 Infections, Legionella pneumophila Legionnaires' Disease D007877 312403005 195889001 C0023241 Leiomyoma [Disease/Finding] Leiomyoma M0012316 N0000001802 Leiomyoma Fibroid D007889 189793008 189787000 A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. Fibroid Tumor C0023267 189788005 Fibromyoma C3782 1024283 Leishmaniasis [Disease/Finding] C3786 1026755 80612004 Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis M0012333 D007896 A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). C0023281 N0000001804 Leishmaniasis, Visceral [Disease/Finding] M0012335 A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African. D007898 186803007 N0000001806 C0023290 1022315 Kala-Azar Black Fever Leishmaniasis, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Visceral C3790 Leprosy [Disease/Finding] 1026701 C3798 Hansen Disease C0023343 Hansen's Disease D007918 A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid. N0000001810 Leprosy Leprosy M0012361 81004002 Leukemia [Disease/Finding] Leukemia M0012382 188762002 C0023418 93143009 D007938 A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) C3808 Leukemia 1021987 N0000001815 Leukemia, Hairy Cell [Disease/Finding] Reticuloendotheliosis, Leukemic 188644003 Hairy Cell Leukemia D007943 Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of "hairy" or "flagellated" cells in the blood and bone marrow. C0023443 118613001 C3818 Leukemia, Hairy Cell Leukemia, Hairy Cell N0000001820 1022561 M0012387 Leukemia, Lymphoid [Disease/Finding] C3820 1022165 Lymphoid Leukemia C0023448 D007945 Leukemia, Lymphoid N0000001821 Lymphocytic Leukemia Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts. M0012388 Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia, Lymphocytic 188725004 Leukemia, Myeloid [Disease/Finding] C3830 C0023470 Leukemia, Granulocytic Granulocytic Leukemia 1023661 188732008 Leukemia, Myelocytic Myelogenous Leukemia Myeloid Leukemia Myelocytic Leukemia M0012396 Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. D007951 Leukemia, Myelogenous Leukemia, Myeloid N0000001826 Leukocyte Disorders [Disease/Finding] M0012409 Leukocyte Disorders Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells. Leukocyte Disorders 1025909 C0023510 54097007 D007960 N0000001831 C3840 Leukocytosis [Disease/Finding] C3842 D007964 C0023518 N0000001832 A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. 111583006 Leukocytosis Leukocytosis M0012413 1022602 Leukopenia [Disease/Finding] D007970 Leukopenia Leukocytopenia M0012421 C3854 1025463 84828003 N0000001838 Leukopenia C0023530 Liver Cirrhosis [Disease/Finding] Hepatic Cirrhosis C3902 D008103 C0023890 N0000001862 Cirrhosis, Liver Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. Liver Cirrhosis M0012636 1024193 Liver Cirrhosis 19943007 Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary [Disease/Finding] Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary C0023892 Biliary Cirrhosis 1024646 Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary D008105 C3906 FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cirrhosis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. M0012640 N0000001864 1761006 Liver Diseases [Disease/Finding] Liver Diseases Liver Diseases 1024220 C3910 235856003 M0012644 N0000001866 D008107 C0023895 Pathological processes of the LIVER. Liver Diseases, Alcoholic [Disease/Finding] C0023896 C3912 D008108 Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver Diseases, Alcoholic 1024755 N0000001867 M0012646 41309000 Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS. Alcoholic Liver Diseases Liver Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Liver Neoplasms 1025382 Neoplasms, Liver Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. C0023903 Neoplasms, Hepatic Hepatic Neoplasms Liver Neoplasms D008113 M0012652 126851005 C3916 N0000001869 Lung Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0012744 N0000001879 Lung Diseases C3936 C0024115 Diseases, Pulmonary Lung Diseases Pulmonary Disease Pulmonary Diseases D008171 1021971 Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. Disease, Pulmonary 19829001 Lung Diseases, Fungal [Disease/Finding] Lung Diseases, Fungal C0024116 N0000001880 Lung Diseases, Fungal Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread. Pulmonary Fungal Infections Pulmonary Fungal Diseases C3938 Fungal Lung Diseases M0012745 D008172 1029543 Lung Diseases, Obstructive [Disease/Finding] Lung Diseases, Obstructive Obstructive Lung Diseases Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. D008173 C0600260 N0000001881 M0012746 C3940 1025962 Lung Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 1023224 M0012749 D008175 C3944 N0000001883 Lung Neoplasms Lung Neoplasms Pulmonary Neoplasms Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Pulmonary Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. 126713003 C0024121 Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous [Disease/Finding] N0000001885 C3948 C0024137 A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID). D008178 M0012754 Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous 7119001 1027393 Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid [Disease/Finding] 238927000 Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Chronic Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid C0024138 C3950 A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur. D008179 1022154 200938002 M0012756 N0000001886 Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic [Disease/Finding] 1023595 M0012757 D008180 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus C3952 Lupus Erythematosus Disseminatus A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. 55464009 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic N0000001887 C0024141 Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Lymphatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1024043 111590001 Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS. C3974 362971004 M0012792 C0024228 N0000001898 Lymphatic Diseases Lymphatic Diseases 234087005 D008206 Lymphoma [Disease/Finding] M0012817 118600007 1024259 Lymphoma Reticulolymphosarcoma Germinoblastoma Sarcoma, Germinoblastic A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. C3988 C0024299 Lymphoma, Malignant Lymphoma D008223 N0000001905 Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin [Disease/Finding] Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Diffuse Lymphoma, Nonhodgkins Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's C0024305 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma D008228 Lymphoma, Small Cleaved Cell, Diffuse C3998 Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkins N0000001910 Lymphoma, Nonhodgkin's M0012822 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 118601006 Lymphoma, Atypical Diffuse Small Lymphoid Diffuse Small Cleaved-Cell Lymphoma Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. 1024301 Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Small Cleaved-Cell Lymphoma, Diffuse Lymphoproliferative Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0024314 D008232 N0000001914 987016 Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified. M0012826 Duncan's Syndrome Lymphoproliferative Disorders Lymphoproliferative Disorders C4006 277466009 Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia [Disease/Finding] N0000001915 Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Plasmacytoid 190817009 C0024419 Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia C4008 Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Lymphoma, Lymphoplasmacytoid D008258 Primary Macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity. Macroglobulinemia 190818004 1022377 M0012865 Macular Degeneration [Disease/Finding] Macular Dystrophy Maculopathy, Age-Related Macular Degeneration 987866 302891003 Macular Degeneration C0242383 Age-Related Macular Degeneration D008268 N0000001918 M0012875 Age-Related Maculopathies Maculopathies, Age-Related Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. C4014 Age-Related Maculopathy Malaria [Disease/Finding] D008288 C0024530 Marsh Fever C4026 Malaria Malaria 105649009 61462000 N0000001924 Plasmodium Infections M0012910 1025176 A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. Paludism Infections, Plasmodium Remittent Fever 186797008 Medulloblastoma [Disease/Finding] C0025149 M0013281 D008527 A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1) Medulloblastoma Medulloblastoma 1026852 N0000001964 83217000 C4106 Megacolon [Disease/Finding] Megacolon M0013292 197144003 Megacolon Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON. 1024643 C0025160 C4108 D008531 N0000001965 Megacolon, Toxic [Disease/Finding] Megacolon, Toxic Megacolon, Toxic N0000001966 987192 C4110 M0013293 Toxic Megacolon 28536002 D008532 An acute form of MEGACOLON, severe pathological dilatation of the COLON. It is associated with clinical conditions such as ULCERATIVE COLITIS; CROHN DISEASE; AMEBIC DYSENTERY; or CLOSTRIDIUM ENTEROCOLITIS. C0025162 Melanoma [Disease/Finding] D008545 372244006 A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) Malignant Melanoma Melanoma Melanoma C0025202 M0013309 N0000001969 C4116 1023577 Meningeal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Meningeal Tumors 1022381 C4134 C0025284 Meningeal Neoplasms N0000001978 Neoplasms, Meningeal 126965008 Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. M0013360 D008577 Meningeal Neoplasms Meningitis [Disease/Finding] Meningitis C0025289 D008581 7180009 Meningitis 192678004 1024254 C4140 N0000001981 Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) 192681009 M0013365 Menstruation Disturbances [Disease/Finding] Menstruation Disturbances Menstruation Disorders N0000001994 M0013402 C4166 1021753 386804004 C0025345 Menstruation Disturbances Variations of menstruation which may be indicative of disease. D008599 Mental Retardation [Disease/Finding] C4168 Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual is mentally retarded. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline mentally retarded range. Scores below 67 are in the retarded range. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) 1023334 Mental Retardation M0013414 N0000001995 91138005 Retardation, Mental Disability, Intellectual C0025362 D008607 Mental Retardation Mercury Poisoning [Disease/Finding] 1026029 Mercury Poisoning Poisoning, Mercury D008630 N0000001996 85180002 M0013450 C4170 Mercury Poisoning C0025427 Mesothelioma [Disease/Finding] M0013485 D008654 Mesothelioma Mesothelioma 62064005 A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed) N0000002003 1024487 C4184 C0025500 Metabolic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Diseases, Metabolic Metabolic Diseases D008659 Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) 30390004 1022778 Thesaurismosis 75934005 Metabolic Diseases N0000002004 C0025517 M0013493 C4186 Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] C4188 Metabolism Errors, Inborn 1024978 C0025521 Inborn Errors of Metabolism Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. N0000002005 Metabolism, Inborn Errors Metabolism, Inborn Errors D008661 86095007 M0013496 Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] Metal Metabolism, Inborn Error Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors C0025534 M0013499 C4190 990196 N0000002006 D008664 Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors Stomatognathic Diseases [Disease/Finding] C4246 1027350 General or unspecified diseases of the stomatognathic system, comprising the mouth, teeth, jaws, and pharynx. Stomatognathic Diseases Stomatognathic Diseases Mouth and Tooth Diseases N0000002034 D009057 C0038368 M0014128 Mouth Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0026636 N0000002036 D009059 M0014130 Mouth Diseases Mouth Diseases 118938008 C4250 1027441 Movement Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0026650 C4256 Movement Disorder Syndromes M0014141 Dyskinesia Syndromes Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. N0000002039 60342002 Movement Disorders 1024614 D009069 Multiple Myeloma [Disease/Finding] Myeloma, Plasma-Cell 109989006 Myelomatosis A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Kahler Disease Multiple Myeloma D009101 N0000002050 C0026764 Multiple Myeloma 1022141 M0014195 Myeloma-Multiple C4278 Plasma Cell Myeloma Multiple Sclerosis [Disease/Finding] 192928003 MS (Multiple Sclerosis) 1024685 Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis 24700007 C0026769 C4282 N0000002052 M0014197 Sclerosis, Disseminated An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) D009103 Muscle Cramp [Disease/Finding] C0026821 D009120 55300003 1026631 Muscle Cramp M0014234 Muscular Cramp N0000002057 C4292 Cramp Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398) Muscle Hypertonia [Disease/Finding] N0000002058 C0026826 Abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone. Skeletal muscle hypertonicity may be associated with PYRAMIDAL TRACT lesions or BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. M0014236 D009122 1023026 C4294 Muscle Tone Increased 41581000 Muscle Hypertonia Muscle Hypertonia Muscular Hypertonicity Hypermyotonia Muscle Rigidity [Disease/Finding] Muscle Rigidity Rigidity, Muscular M0014242 C0026837 D009127 Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73) 16046003 C4298 1026262 N0000002060 Muscle Spasticity [Disease/Finding] Muscle Spasticity 221360009 D009128 N0000002061 A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) C0026838 C4300 Muscle Spasticity M0014243 1024482 Muscular Diseases [Disease/Finding] Muscular Diseases D009135 Muscle Disorders M0014252 C0026848 Myopathic Conditions N0000002064 Muscular Diseases 1022424 129565002 C4306 Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. Myopathies Musculoskeletal Diseases [Disease/Finding] C4312 D009140 1022076 928000 Musculoskeletal Diseases C0026857 Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively. N0000002067 M0014259 Musculoskeletal Diseases Myasthenia Gravis [Disease/Finding] Myasthenia Gravis C4318 N0000002070 91637004 D009157 M0014279 Myasthenia Gravis 1024161 C0026896 A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles. Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors damage the motor endplate portion of the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION, impairing the transmission of impulses to skeletal muscles. Clinical manifestations may include diplopia, ptosis, and weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles. THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1459) Mycobacterium Infections [Disease/Finding] 1022908 Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM. M0014287 Mycobacterium Infections D009164 Mycobacterium Infections Infections, Mycobacterium 88415009 C4320 C0026918 N0000002071 Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical [Disease/Finding] 111812000 Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical Infections, Atypical Mycobacterium Atypical Mycobacterium Infections N0000002072 1026349 D009165 Infections with so called atypical mycobacteria (tuberculoid bacilli): M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. flavescens, M. gordonae, M. obuense, M. gilvum, M. duvali, M. szulgai, M. intracellulare (see MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX;), M. xenopi (littorale), M. ulcerans, M. buruli, M. terrae, M. fortuitum (minetti, giae), M. chelonae. Infections, Tuberculoid Tuberculoid Infections 111811007 Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical C4322 C0026919 M0014288 Mycoplasma Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Mycoplasma N0000002073 C0026936 Infections with species of the genus MYCOPLASMA. Mycoplasma Infections Mycoplasma Infections 1023539 C4324 186464008 186462007 M0014307 D009175 Mycoplasmatales Infections [Disease/Finding] C4326 Infections with bacteria of the order MYCOPLASMATALES. Mycoplasmatales Infections N0000002074 D009180 1030047 M0014312 C0026945 Mycoplasmatales Infections Infections, Mycoplasmatales Mycoses [Disease/Finding] N0000002075 Mycoses 1024676 D009181 M0014313 C4328 3218000 Mycoses Fungus Diseases C0026946 Mycosis Fungoides [Disease/Finding] M0014314 188618003 A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected. Mycosis Fungoides D009182 1024347 N0000002076 118618005 Mycosis Fungoides C4330 C0026948 Myeloproliferative Disorders [Disease/Finding] Myeloproliferative Disorders 414794006 M0014332 414792005 C0027022 D009196 Myeloproliferative Disorders 1022355 128925001 C4342 Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE. N0000002082 Myocardial Infarction [Disease/Finding] 1024565 C0027051 Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Infarct C4348 N0000002085 M0014340 Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). D009203 22298006 Myosarcoma [Disease/Finding] A general term for a malignant neoplasm derived from muscular tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed) D009217 M0014359 20667008 1025716 Myosarcoma C0027095 Myosarcoma N0000002093 C4364 Myositis [Disease/Finding] M0014368 128496001 Myopathy, Inflammatory 203110007 Inflammatory Myopathy Myositis C0027121 C4366 Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue. D009220 N0000002094 26889001 Myositis Inflammatory Muscle Diseases Muscle Diseases, Inflammatory 1023065 Nail Diseases [Disease/Finding] D009260 1023398 17790008 C4384 N0000002103 Nail Diseases Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates. M0014427 C0027339 Nasal Polyps [Disease/Finding] D009298 N0000002110 C0027430 1026147 C4398 Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations. M0014487 Nasal Polyps Nasal Polyps 52756005 Nausea [Disease/Finding] 1023644 Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. 73879007 C4406 N0000002114 D009325 M0014528 Nausea C0027497 Nelson Syndrome [Disease/Finding] C4414 43019009 A syndrome characterized by HYPERPIGMENTATION, enlarging pituitary mass, visual defects secondary to compression of the OPTIC CHIASM, and elevated serum ACTH. It is caused by the expansion of an underlying ACTH-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA that grows in the absence of feedback inhibition by adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS, usually after ADRENALECTOMY. Nelson Syndrome N0000002118 C0027577 Nelson Syndrome 1025318 M0014557 D009347 Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] N0000002121 D009358 M0014570 989203 C4420 Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities Diseases existing at birth and often before birth, or that develop during the first month of life (INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES), regardless of causation. Of these diseases, those characterized by structural deformities are termed CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES. Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities C0027612 Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 55342001 Neoplasms Neoplasms 189526009 189525008 Tumors C0027651 D009369 M0014585 C4434 1022284 New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. N0000002128 Neoplasms by Histologic Type [Disease/Finding] D009370 Neoplasms by Histologic Type Neoplasms by Histological Type C4436 Neoplasms by Histologic Type A collective term for the various histological types of NEOPLASMS. It is more likely to be used by searchers than by indexers and catalogers. Histological Type of Neoplasm N0000002129 M0014588 Histological Types of Neoplasms C0027652 986146 Neoplasms by Site [Disease/Finding] Sites, Neoplasm Neoplasms by Site Neoplasms by Sites C0027653 Site, Neoplasm C4438 N0000002130 A collective term for precoordinated organ/neoplasm headings locating neoplasms by organ, as BRAIN NEOPLASMS; DUODENAL NEOPLASMS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; etc. D009371 M0014589 1026659 Neoplasms by Site Neoplasms, Connective Tissue [Disease/Finding] C4440 126598008 1026975 D009372 M0014590 Neoplasms composed of connective tissue, including elastic, mucous, reticular, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective tissue. N0000002131 Neoplasms, Connective Tissue C0027656 Neoplasms, Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal [Disease/Finding] D009373 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonic C4442 N0000002132 M0014592 1026873 Germ Cell and Embryonic Neoplasms Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS. Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms C0027658 Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms, Experimental [Disease/Finding] Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms. N0000002133 M0014595 C0027659 Experimental Neoplasms D009374 1025199 Neoplasms, Experimental Neoplasms, Experimental C4444 Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial [Disease/Finding] Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial Glandular and Epithelial Neoplasms C0027660 Neoplasms composed of glandular tissue, an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions, and of any type of epithelium itself. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the various glands or in epithelial tissue. D009375 1028442 N0000002134 Neoplasms, Glandular Epithelial M0014596 C4446 Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue [Disease/Finding] N0000002138 C0027664 Muscle Tissue Neoplasms D009379 Neoplasms composed of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, or smooth. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in muscles. M0014603 1030677 Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue C4454 Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue [Disease/Finding] Nerve Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves. C0027665 C4456 985772 D009380 Nervous Tissue Neoplasms M0014605 Neoplasms, Nervous Tissue N0000002139 Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue [Disease/Finding] C4462 D009383 Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue Neoplasms composed of vascular tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in blood vessels. M0014610 Vascular Tissue Neoplasms N0000002142 Blood Vessel Tumors C0282607 1023689 Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes [Disease/Finding] D009384 1027737 N0000002143 C4464 C0027670 M0014611 Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes Syndromes resulting from inappropriate production of HORMONES or hormone-like materials by NEOPLASMS in non-endocrine tissues or not by the usual ENDOCRINE GLANDS. Such hormone outputs are called ectopic hormone (HORMONES, ECTOPIC) secretion. Ectopic Hormone Syndromes Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes Neoplastic Processes [Disease/Finding] N0000002144 The pathological mechanisms and forms taken by tissue during degeneration into a neoplasm and its subsequent activity. C0027671 D009385 1026939 Processes, Neoplastic Neoplastic Processes M0014612 Neoplastic Processes C4466 Nephritis [Disease/Finding] D009393 C4472 52845002 M0014626 Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY. N0000002147 C0027697 Nephritis 1022904 Nephritis, Interstitial [Disease/Finding] N0000002149 Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction. C0027707 Nephritis, Interstitial Nephritis, Interstitial 28689008 M0014628 Interstitial Nephritis D009395 C4476 1022491 Nephrosis [Disease/Finding] C4484 M0014635 Nephrosis Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. N0000002153 1025384 D009401 C0027720 90708001 Nephrotic Syndrome [Disease/Finding] N0000002155 C0027726 52254009 D009404 M0014639 A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction. Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome C4488 1026285 Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0027765 1026444 Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. N0000002159 D009422 Nervous System Diseases M0014667 Neurologic Disorders C4496 Nervous System Disorders Neurological Disorders 118940003 Nervous System Diseases Nervous System Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Nervous System Neoplasms C4498 N0000002160 Nervous System Neoplasms M0014668 Neoplasms, Nervous System 1024871 Tumors of the Nervous System Nervous System Tumors 126950007 D009423 Benign and malignant neoplastic processes arising from or involving components of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, cranial nerves, and meninges. Included in this category are primary and metastatic nervous system neoplasms. C0027766 Neuralgia [Disease/Finding] D009437 16269008 Neurodynia C0027796 Neuralgia Neuralgia N0000002162 C4502 Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Neuropathic Pain M0014687 1024078 203115002 Neuroblastoma [Disease/Finding] D009447 1026096 C0027819 A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) 87364003 Neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma N0000002167 C4512 M0014699 Neurologic Manifestations [Disease/Finding] Clinical signs and symptoms caused by nervous system injury or dysfunction. 1025946 C0027854 Neurologic Manifestations Neurologic Manifestations Neurologic Signs and Symptoms Neurologic Manifestation Manifestations, Neurologic Manifestations, Neurological M0014716 N0000002173 C4524 Neurological Manifestations D009461 Neuromuscular Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000002176 C4530 Neuromuscular Diseases M0014726 D009468 1026561 255522009 257277002 Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA. C0027868 Neutropenia [Disease/Finding] A decrease in the number of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed) 1023774 C4542 303011007 Neutropenia C0027947 M0014782 D009503 N0000002182 Neutropenia Nose Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0028432 N0000002194 C4566 89488007 1024498 D009668 Nose Diseases Disorders of the nose, general or unspecified. Nasal Diseases Nasal Disorders Nose Diseases M0015012 Nutrition Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0028709 D009748 Nutritional Disorders N0000002196 2492009 M0015120 C4570 1024039 Nutrition Disorders Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition. Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases [Disease/Finding] A collective term for nutritional disorders resulting from poor absorption or nutritional imbalance, and metabolic disorders resulting from defects in biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) or breakdown (CATABOLISM) of endogenous substances. C4572 M0015124 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases 1026553 N0000002197 C0028715 D009750 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder [Disease/Finding] Anankastic Personality Neurosis, Obsessive-Compulsive Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder C0028768 C4584 D009771 191736004 M0015170 An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension. N0000002203 1022585 Occupational Diseases [Disease/Finding] C4588 C0028797 Occupational Diseases D009784 N0000002205 Diseases, Occupational 1027957 115966001 Occupational Diseases M0015191 Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment. Ocular Hypertension [Disease/Finding] M0015213 N0000002207 Hypertension, Ocular D009798 C4592 Ocular Hypertension C0028840 4210003 A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. 1024796 Ocular Hypertension Opportunistic Infections [Disease/Finding] 61274003 N0000002225 1025670 M0015350 Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic Infections C0029118 D009894 C4628 An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression. Optic Nerve Diseases [Disease/Finding] C4632 C0029132 Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. Second Cranial Nerve Diseases 985060 Cranial Nerve II Diseases Neural-Optical Lesion M0015358 N0000002227 77157004 Cranial Nerve II Disorder Optic Nerve Diseases D009901 Optic Neuropathy Optic Neuritis [Disease/Finding] D009902 C0029134 1023808 Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). Optic Neuritis Optic Neuritis 66760008 194052008 N0000002228 M0015359 C4634 Ossification, Heterotopic [Disease/Finding] Pathologic Ossification C4658 1023221 128491006 M0015505 The development of bony substance in normally soft structures. C0029396 Ossification, Heterotopic D009999 Ossification, Ectopic N0000002240 Ossification, Pathologic Ossification, Heterotopic Ossification, Pathological Osteoarthritis [Disease/Finding] M0015509 D010003 1022131 Osteoarthrosis Osteoarthritis C4666 A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. 396275006 N0000002244 Arthritis, Degenerative 225655006 Osteoarthritis C0029408 Osteomalacia [Disease/Finding] 190642003 D010018 4598005 Osteomalacia C0029442 C4688 1024754 M0015543 N0000002255 A condition marked by softening of the bones (due to impaired mineralization, with excess accumulation of osteoid), with pain, tenderness, muscular weakness, anorexia, and loss of weight, resulting from deficiency of vitamin D and calcium. (Dorland, 27th ed) Osteomalacia Osteomyelitis [Disease/Finding] C0029443 1022411 111253001 203207005 60168000 268020008 D010019 M0015544 Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis N0000002256 C4690 Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000002269 Pathological processes of the ear, the nose, and the throat, also known as the ENT diseases. Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases M0015572 Otolaryngological Diseases Otorhinolaryngologic Disease ENT Diseases C4716 985940 Otorhinolaryngological Disease D010038 Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases C0029896 Otolaryngologic Diseases Ovarian Diseases [Disease/Finding] Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY. 1027825 C4724 5552004 Ovarian Diseases D010049 C0029928 M0015590 N0000002273 Ovarian Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. N0000002274 Ovary Neoplasms C0919267 C4726 M0015593 Ovarian Neoplasms 1022316 Neoplasms, Ovarian 123843001 Ovarian Neoplasms D010051 Paget Disease, Extramammary [Disease/Finding] A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478) Paget Disease, Extramammary Paget's Disease, Extramammary Paget Disease, Extra-Mammary Extra-Mammary Paget's Disease C0030186 C4732 Paget Disease, Extramammary Paget's Disease, Extra-Mammary 1024557 Extra-Mammary Paget Disease D010145 71447003 Paget Disease Extramammary Extramammary Paget Disease M0015741 N0000002277 Extramammary Paget's Disease Pain [Disease/Finding] An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. Pain C4734 Pain D010146 1021856 M0015742 C0030193 N0000002278 22253000 Pain, Postoperative [Disease/Finding] N0000002280 1022740 C4738 D010149 C0030201 Pain during the period after surgery. Pain, Postoperative Postoperative Pain Pain, Postoperative M0015751 213299007 Pancreatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Pathological processes of the PANCREAS. C4748 N0000002285 3855007 Pancreatic Diseases C0030286 D010182 M0015794 1022020 Pancreatic Diseases Pancreatic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 1026434 126859007 C4754 Neoplasms, Pancreatic M0015803 C0030297 N0000002288 Pancreatic Neoplasms Pancreatic Neoplasms Pancreas Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). D010190 Paracoccidioidomycosis [Disease/Finding] M0015861 59925007 Paracoccidioidomycosis Blastomycosis, South American 1021870 N0000002298 D010229 C4774 C0030409 A mycosis affecting the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. It is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is also called paracoccidioidal granuloma. Superficial resemblance of P. brasiliensis to Blastomyces brasiliensis (BLASTOMYCES) may cause misdiagnosis. 36866003 Paracoccidioidomycosis Paranasal Sinus Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000002309 7393007 Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors. 1024100 M0015892 C4796 Paranasal Sinus Diseases Paranasal Sinus Diseases D010254 C0030469 Paraneoplastic Syndromes [Disease/Finding] C0030472 N0000002311 M0015895 Paraneoplastic Syndromes C4800 Paraneoplastic Syndromes 49783001 1022521 In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products. D010257 Paraproteinemias [Disease/Finding] Paraproteinemias Paraimmunoglobulinemias C0030489 1022681 C4812 N0000002317 D010265 M0015905 190816000 A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin. Paraproteinemias Parasitic Diseases [Disease/Finding] C4816 Parasitic Diseases 987316 Parasitic Diseases Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. They are often contracted through contact with an intermediate vector, but may occur as the result of direct exposure. C0030499 M0015919 N0000002319 D010272 17322007 Paresis [Disease/Finding] C4828 Paresis 26544005 987955 C0030552 M0015948 D010291 Muscular Paresis Paresis N0000002325 Muscle Paresis A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS. Parkinson Disease [Disease/Finding] Primary Parkinsonism Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic 1022466 Paralysis Agitans Lewy Body Parkinson Disease Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease N0000002327 Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease Parkinson Disease Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) 49049000 D010300 Idiopathic Parkinson Disease M0015963 C4832 Parkinson's Disease, Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease C0030567 Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic Pathologic Processes [Disease/Finding] 370135005 C0030660 Pathologic Processes M0016012 1025320 N0000002338 Pathologic Processes 308489006 C4854 Processes, Pathologic D010335 Pathological Processes The abnormal mechanisms and forms involved in the dysfunctions of tissues and organs. Pemphigus [Disease/Finding] Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS. C0030807 1025707 C4872 M0016112 Pemphigus D010392 N0000002347 65172003 Pemphigus Peptic Ulcer [Disease/Finding] M0016211 Peptic Ulcer Peptic Ulcer 13200003 196697002 266437002 1024813 N0000002351 D010437 C0030920 C4880 Gastroduodenal Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Familial Mediterranean Fever [Disease/Finding] Periodic Disease, Wolff's C0031069 Recurrent Polyserositis Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis Periodic Peritonitis Familial Mediterranean Fever A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease. Mediterranean Fever, Familial Familial Mediterranean Fever 1023411 Periodic Disease 12579009 Wolff's Periodic Disease Wolff Periodic Disease Familial Paroxysmal Polyserositis C4912 D010505 N0000002367 M0016320 Peripheral Nervous System Diseases [Disease/Finding] Peripheral Nervous System Disease Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Peripheral Nervous System Disorders C0031117 D010523 Peripheral Nervous System Diseases 42658009 M0016347 Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. Peripheral Neuropathies Peripheral Nerve Diseases C4928 PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) Diseases N0000002375 PNS Diseases 302226006 989352 Pharyngeal Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0031345 195832000 Pathological processes involving the PHARYNX. N0000002385 C4948 D010608 Pharynx Diseases Pharyngeal Diseases Pharyngeal Diseases 75860007 1024885 Diseases of Pharynx M0016479 Phlebitis [Disease/Finding] C4964 Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS). N0000002393 Phlebitis Phlebitis 61599003 986358 M0016608 C0031542 D010689 Phobic Disorders [Disease/Finding] 386810004 N0000002394 M0016622 1023113 C4966 Phobias C0349231 Phobic Disorders Phobic Disorders Neuroses, Phobic D010698 Phobic Neuroses Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable. Pituitary Diseases [Disease/Finding] 399244003 C0032002 Hypophyseal Disorders 1023299 D010900 N0000002407 Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures. M0016908 Pituitary Disorders C4992 Pituitary Gland Diseases Pituitary Diseases Pituitary Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 1027456 C0032019 127024001 D010911 Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. Pituitary Tumors N0000002408 M0016922 C4994 Pituitary Neoplasms Plague [Disease/Finding] An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form. C5008 Plague D010930 Plague 1027188 186290009 C0032064 58750007 M0016945 N0000002415 Pneumococcal Infections [Disease/Finding] 988639 N0000002430 Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumococcal Infections Infections, Pneumococcal C0032269 16814004 Streptococcus pneumoniae Infections D011008 C5038 Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. Pneumococcal Infections M0017055 Pneumonia [Disease/Finding] D011014 C5042 233604007 Pulmonary Inflammation Pneumonitis M0017064 Pneumonia Pneumonia Lung Inflammation N0000002432 1022757 C0032285 Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. 205237003 Pneumonia, Pneumococcal [Disease/Finding] Pneumonia, Pneumococcal 233607000 N0000002435 278516003 Pneumonia, Pneumococcal 1024902 D011018 266350000 C5048 M0017071 A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. C0155862 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis [Disease/Finding] Pneumocystis Pneumonia C0032305 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii M0017073 Pneumocystosis Pneumonia, Pneumocystis C5052 N0000002437 88860002 Pneumonia, Pneumocystis 415125002 Pneumonia, Interstitial Plasma Cell Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia D011020 A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis. 1023656 Poisoning [Disease/Finding] C5072 C0032343 A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent. M0017099 1026915 Poisoning Poisoning N0000002447 75478009 D011041 Polychondritis, Relapsing [Disease/Finding] M0017161 An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction. N0000002451 Polychondritis, Relapsing D011081 1023111 Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic 72275000 Polychondritis, Relapsing C0032453 C5080 Polycythemia Vera [Disease/Finding] C5086 Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs. 109992005 N0000002454 Polycythemia Rubra Vera 1023815 M0017168 Polycythemia Vera C0032463 Osler-Vaquez Disease D011087 Erythremia Polyps [Disease/Finding] 1024250 C5094 C0032584 D011127 Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. 41329004 M0017240 Polyps N0000002458 Polyps Porphyrias [Disease/Finding] D011164 Porphyrias Porphyria Porphyrias 418470004 29094004 C0032708 C5106 1022410 M0017334 N0000002464 371628009 A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues. Postoperative Complications [Disease/Finding] Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. Postoperative Complications M0017367 Postoperative Complications D011183 1022600 N0000002467 385486001 C5112 C0032787 Complication, Postoperative Pre-Excitation Syndromes [Disease/Finding] Preexcitation Syndrome N0000002474 D011226 C0032915 C5126 Pre-Excitation Syndromes Pre-Excitation Syndromes 1026072 A group of conditions in which HEART VENTRICLE activation by the atrial impulse is faster than the normal impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE. In these pre-excitation syndromes, atrial impulses often bypass the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE delay and travel via ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAYS connecting the atrium directly to the BUNDLE OF HIS. M0017444 Pregnancy Complications [Disease/Finding] Pregnancy Complications 1023402 Complications, Pregnancy D011248 Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases. N0000002478 C0032962 90821003 198881004 C5134 Pregnancy Complications M0017474 Pregnancy Complications, Infectious [Disease/Finding] M0017477 The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION. Pregnancy, Infectious Complications Complications, Infectious Pregnancy C0032965 Pregnancy Complications, Infectious C5140 Infectious Pregnancy Complications 1025778 D011251 N0000002481 Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic [Disease/Finding] Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic D011252 Pregnancy, Neoplastic Complications The co-occurrence of pregnancy and NEOPLASMS. The neoplastic disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION. Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy M0017478 Neoplastic Pregnancy Complications C0032966 C5142 Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic N0000002482 1025596 Pregnancy, Abdominal [Disease/Finding] Pregnancy, Abdominal N0000002485 Pregnancy, Abdominal C0032984 Abdominal Pregnancy D011269 A type of ectopic pregnancy in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY instead of in the ENDOMETRIUM of the UTERUS. C5148 1028274 82661006 M0017497 Pregnancy, Ectopic [Disease/Finding] Pregnancy, Ectopic M0017499 Pregnancy, Ectopic C0032987 C5150 Ectopic Pregnancy A potentially life-threatening condition in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL). 1021784 N0000002486 34801009 D011271 Proctitis [Disease/Finding] Proctitis C0033246 M0017632 C5164 INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). N0000002493 3951002 D011349 1023205 Proctitis Prostatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0017828 Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues. C5174 Prostatic Diseases N0000002498 30281009 D011469 Prostatic Diseases 1022359 C0033575 Prostatic Hyperplasia [Disease/Finding] C5176 N0000002499 367483003 D011470 M0017830 197958000 Prostatic Hyperplasia Prostatic Hyperplasia 1103694 Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. C2937421 Prostatic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] C0033578 Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. C5178 Neoplasms, Prostatic Prostatic Neoplasms 126906006 Prostate Neoplasms Neoplasms, Prostate 1022598 M0017833 Prostatic Neoplasms N0000002500 D011471 Prostatitis [Disease/Finding] Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment. 9713002 N0000002501 M0017835 D011472 C5180 C0033581 Prostatitis 984334 Proteus Infections [Disease/Finding] 1024609 Infections with bacteria of the genus PROTEUS. Proteus Infections N0000002507 186437007 M0017900 C0033700 D011512 Proteus Infections Infections, Proteus C5192 Protozoan Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. M0017926 C0033740 N0000002508 1021795 D011528 Protozoan Infections 95896000 Infections, Protozoan C5194 Protozoan Infections Pruritus [Disease/Finding] C5202 1023996 M0017935 Pruritis An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. Itching Pruritus Pruritus N0000002512 C0033774 279333002 D011537 Pruritus Ani [Disease/Finding] Intense chronic itching in the anal area. D011538 Pruritus Ani Pruritus Ani N0000002513 C5204 M0017936 90446007 C0033775 1022806 Pseudomonas Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Pseudomonas 63398001 N0000002519 C0033817 1028699 Pseudomonas Infections C5216 Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS. D011552 M0017955 Psoriasis [Disease/Finding] M0017975 C0033860 N0000002526 A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. C5230 9014002 Psoriasis Psoriasis D011565 200961000 1022582 Psychomotor Agitation [Disease/Finding] D011595 A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions. 1024246 Restlessness Agitation, Psychomotor 24199005 47295007 C5232 M0018023 Psychomotor Agitation 162221009 N0000002527 Psychomotor Hyperactivity C0085631 Psychomotor Agitation Excitement, Psychomotor Psychomotor Restlessness Psychomotor Disorders [Disease/Finding] C5234 D011596 Abnormalities of motor function that are associated with organic and non-organic cognitive disorders. Psychomotor Disorders Psychomotor Disorders M0018026 986879 N0000002528 C0033922 Psychotic Disorders [Disease/Finding] Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) C0033975 69322001 D011618 M0018060 C5242 Psychotic Disorders Psychoses 1023496 N0000002532 Puberty, Precocious [Disease/Finding] D011629 M0018083 C5248 Precocious Puberty 1023098 N0000002535 Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE. C0034013 Puberty, Precocious Puberty, Precocious 400179000 123527003 Pulmonary Edema [Disease/Finding] Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. 1024136 19242006 C5258 M0018125 N0000002540 Pulmonary Edemas Pulmonary Edema Pulmonary Edema Edema, Pulmonary C0034063 Wet Lung Edemas, Pulmonary D011654 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] 1028018 Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors D011686 C0034139 238006008 N0000002552 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors M0018168 C5282 Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors Pyelitis [Disease/Finding] 27174002 M0018193 N0000002558 197780007 1022138 Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed. D011702 Pyelitis C5294 C0034183 Pyelitis Pyelonephritis [Disease/Finding] 197779009 C0034186 N0000002559 Pyelonephritis Pyelonephritis C5296 M0018195 D011704 45816000 1022761 Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA. Rectal Diseases [Disease/Finding] Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). D012002 1024401 C0034882 5964004 M0018654 C5334 N0000002578 Rectal Diseases Rectal Diseases Rectal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] D012004 C0034885 990333 Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. M0018657 Neoplasms, Rectal Rectum Neoplasms C5338 Rectal Neoplasms Rectal Neoplasms N0000002580 126847008 Respiration Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0035204 M0018879 D012120 50043002 Respiration Disorders C5368 N0000002595 1022107 Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available. Respiration Disorders Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult [Disease/Finding] Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Shock Lung Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult 95437004 D012128 990085 67782005 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Acute C0035222 Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult M0018891 N0000002597 C5372 ARDS, Human A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA. Respiratory Hypersensitivity [Disease/Finding] N0000002598 M0018896 Respiratory Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity, Respiratory C5374 C0035228 A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL. 1025923 D012130 Respiratory Hypersensitivity Respiratory Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] M0018897 409623005 N0000002599 D012131 C5376 Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) Respiratory Insufficiency 1023246 C0035229 Respiratory Insufficiency Respiratory Tract Diseases [Disease/Finding] C5382 N0000002602 M0018918 C0035242 Respiratory Tract Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases D012140 1024163 Respiratory Tract Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Respiratory Tract 1025855 275498002 Infections, Respiratory Respiratory Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. D012141 M0018919 C0035243 N0000002603 Respiratory Tract Infections Respiratory Tract Infections C5384 Respiratory Tract Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 986366 Respiratory Tract Neoplasms N0000002604 D012142 C0035244 126667002 Respiratory Tract Neoplasms M0018921 C5386 Retinal Degeneration [Disease/Finding] A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304) C5392 C0035304 95695004 D012162 1026317 M0018942 Retinal Degeneration N0000002607 Retinal Degeneration Retinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] Retinal Diseases Retinal Diseases N0000002609 399625000 C0035309 C5396 1023467 29555009 D012164 M0018945 Retinitis [Disease/Finding] M0018959 C0035333 C5404 D012173 1026421 Retinitis N0000002613 Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis). 399463004 Retinitis Retroviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] D012192 Infections, Retrovirus M0018986 N0000002623 Retroviridae Infections 105635000 1025440 Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE. Infections, Retroviridae Retroviridae Infections C5424 Retrovirus Infections C0035369 Rhabdomyosarcoma [Disease/Finding] N0000002628 C0035412 302847003 M0019001 C5434 Rhabdomyosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9) D012208 1021776 Rheumatic Fever [Disease/Finding] D012213 Polyarthritis Rheumatica N0000002629 C5436 1023414 Rheumatic Arthritis A febrile disease occurring as a delayed sequela of infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES. It is characterized by multiple focal inflammatory lesions of the connective tissue structures, such as the heart, blood vessels, and joints (POLYARTHRITIS) and brain, and by the presence of ASCHOFF BODIES in the myocardium and skin. 58718002 Acute Rheumatic Fever Arthritis, Rheumatic, Acute 81077008 Arthritis, Acute Rheumatic Rheumatic Fever C0035436 Rheumatism, Acute Articular M0019009 Rheumatic Fever Inflammatory Rheumatism Rheumatism, Articular, Acute Rheumatic Diseases [Disease/Finding] 1022758 Rheumatic Diseases C0035435 D012216 203100003 N0000002632 Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement. Rheumatic Diseases Rheumatism C5442 396332003 M0019014 Rhinitis [Disease/Finding] Nasal Catarrh M0019019 N0000002634 Rhinitis Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. 70076002 C5446 1023076 D012220 C0035455 Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial [Disease/Finding] C0035457 D012221 N0000002635 Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc. C5448 1025485 38103000 M0019020 Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial RNA Virus Infections [Disease/Finding] M0019160 RNA Virus Infections D012327 Infections, RNA Virus 1027571 RNA Virus Infections C5478 N0000002650 C0035690 Rosacea [Disease/Finding] C5484 398909004 Acne Rosacea C0035854 D012393 1024747 N0000002653 M0019267 Rosacea Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7). Salivary Gland Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0036093 M0019375 N0000002662 10890000 C5502 987342 Salivary Gland Diseases Salivary Gland Diseases D012466 Salmonella Infections [Disease/Finding] M0019393 Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA. Salmonellosis Salmonella Infections 90974009 302231008 Infections, Salmonella C0036117 D012480 Salmonella Infections C5510 1025316 N0000002666 Sarcoma [Disease/Finding] C5520 A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. D012509 Sarcoma, Soft Tissue 269469005 1021824 Sarcoma Sarcoma C1261473 M0019428 N0000002671 Sarcoma, Ewing's [Disease/Finding] C0553580 76909002 M0019433 N0000002674 Sarcoma, Ewing's Sarcoma, Ewing's Ewing's Tumor C5526 D012512 1023147 A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. There are conspicuous foci of necrosis in association with irregular masses of small, regular, rounded or ovoid cells with very scanty cytoplasm. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) Sarcoma, Kaposi [Disease/Finding] D012514 Kaposi's Sarcoma 1027423 109385007 Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause. C0036220 N0000002676 Kaposi Sarcoma C5530 Sarcoma, Kaposi M0019437 Osteosarcoma [Disease/Finding] N0000002678 1022808 M0019439 Sarcoma, Osteogenic Osteosarcoma Osteosarcoma 21708004 A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) C5534 Osteosarcoma Tumor C0029463 D012516 Scalp Dermatoses [Disease/Finding] Scalp Dermatoses 1028528 402694007 Scalp Dermatoses D012536 M0019465 C0036271 Scalp Dermatosis N0000002682 C5542 Schizophrenia [Disease/Finding] N0000002690 C5558 58214004 191526005 M0019489 191528006 Schizophrenia Dementia Praecox Schizophrenia D012559 C0036341 Schizophrenic Disorders A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. 1022169 Seizures [Disease/Finding] Seizures C0036572 Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder." M0019597 D012640 1023130 91175000 C5604 N0000002713 Septicemia [Disease/Finding] D018805 C5610 Systemic disease associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood. Poisoning, Blood 105592009 1024926 Septicemia Blood Poisoning M0019666 N0000002716 Septicemia C0036690 Disorders of Sex Development [Disease/Finding] 39179006 In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included. Sex Development Disorders Disorders of Sexual Development Disorders of Sex Development C0036875 Sexual Development Disorders D012734 N0000002722 M0019735 C5622 1027351 Disorders of Sex Development Sexually Transmitted Diseases [Disease/Finding] C5626 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases M0019758 Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact. Venereal Diseases C0036916 STDs D012749 N0000002724 8098009 1023328 Sezary Syndrome [Disease/Finding] Sezary's Lymphoma N0000002725 A form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma manifested by generalized exfoliative ERYTHRODERMA; PRURITUS; peripheral lymphadenopathy, and abnormal hyperchromatic mononuclear (cerebriform) cells in the skin, LYMPH NODES, and peripheral blood (Sezary cells). Sezary Syndrome 188629004 C0036920 D012751 Sezary Syndrome C5628 118611004 Erythroderma, Sezary M0019760 1022616 Shock [Disease/Finding] Circulatory Failure Shock C5634 D012769 Shock M0019782 C0036974 N0000002728 274729009 1023333 27942005 A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. Circulatory Collapse Shock, Cardiogenic [Disease/Finding] M0019783 C0036980 D012770 C5636 Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease. Shock, Cardiogenic 89138009 1026337 N0000002729 Shock, Cardiogenic Shock, Septic [Disease/Finding] N0000002731 M0019786 C0036983 Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include, but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. Septic Shock C5640 D012772 Shock, Septic Shock, Septic 1025847 76571007 Sick Sinus Syndrome [Disease/Finding] Sick Sinus Syndrome Sick Sinus Node Syndrome N0000002743 M0019828 A condition caused by dysfunctions related to the SINOATRIAL NODE including impulse generation (CARDIAC SINUS ARREST) and impulse conduction (SINOATRIAL EXIT BLOCK). It is characterized by persistent BRADYCARDIA, chronic ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and failure to resume sinus rhythm following CARDIOVERSION. This syndrome can be congenital or acquired, particularly after surgical correction for heart defects. 36083008 1025538 D012804 C5664 C0037052 Sick Sinus Syndrome Sigmoid Diseases [Disease/Finding] Sigmoid Diseases Sigmoid Colon Diseases Sigmoid Diseases C0037072 C5670 M0019836 N0000002746 D012810 989225 Pathological processes in the SIGMOID COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). Signs and Symptoms [Disease/Finding] 1024593 M0019845 Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient. Signs and Symptoms N0000002748 D012816 C0037088 Signs and Symptoms C5674 Signs and Symptoms, Digestive [Disease/Finding] Signs and Symptoms, Digestive Signs and Symptoms, Digestive D012817 Digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs. N0000002749 1029901 C5676 M0019846 C0037089 Sinusitis [Disease/Finding] Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES. 1021979 C5690 Sinusitis Sinusitis C0037199 M0019901 36971009 D012852 N0000002756 Skin Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] 268292002 C0037268 M0019926 D012868 199879009 1023316 N0000002759 Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin. Skin Abnormalities 38164009 Skin Abnormalities C5696 Abnormalities, Skin Skin Diseases [Disease/Finding] Skin Diseases M0019929 D012871 Skin Diseases 1022858 N0000002761 Dermatosis C5700 C0037274 95320005 Dermatoses Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous [Disease/Finding] 1027633 Skin diseases characterized by local or general distributions of blisters. They are classified according to the site and mode of blister formation. Lesions can appear spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, trauma, or sunlight. Etiologies include immunologic and genetic factors. (From Scientific American Medicine, 1990) Vesiculobullous Dermatoses Vesiculobullous Skin Diseases C0037275 Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous M0019930 N0000002762 D012872 Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous C5702 Skin Diseases, Genetic [Disease/Finding] C5704 N0000002763 Skin Diseases, Genetic Skin Diseases, Genetic M0019934 Genetic Skin Diseases C0037277 Diseases of the skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various inborn errors of metabolism. D012873 986094 239001006 Skin Diseases, Infectious [Disease/Finding] N0000002764 Infectious Skin Diseases C5706 108365000 Skin Diseases, Infectious C0037278 M0019935 D012874 1025346 Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin Diseases, Metabolic [Disease/Finding] C0037279 M0019936 C5708 N0000002765 Diseases of the skin associated with underlying metabolic disorders. D012875 Metabolic Skin Diseases 1027237 Skin Diseases, Metabolic Skin Diseases, Metabolic Skin Diseases, Parasitic [Disease/Finding] M0019937 Skin Diseases, Parasitic D012876 1023415 Skin Diseases, Parasitic C0037280 Parasitic Skin Diseases Skin diseases caused by ARTHROPODS; HELMINTHS; or other parasites. N0000002766 128938009 C5710 33042004 Skin Manifestations [Disease/Finding] D012877 C5712 990515 Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury. C0037285 M0019938 Skin Manifestations N0000002767 Skin Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] C5714 C0037286 Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. Skin Neoplasms Neoplasms, Skin 1025991 126488004 M0019939 D012878 N0000002768 Skin Neoplasms Skin Ulcer [Disease/Finding] 46742003 N0000002769 M0019944 Skin Ulcer Skin Ulcer C5716 C0037299 D012883 1023651 247454005 Sleep Disorders [Disease/Finding] C5726 Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187) N0000002774 39898005 C0851578 M0019966 D012893 Sleep Disorders Sleep Disorders 1022589 Slow Virus Diseases [Disease/Finding] Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of clinical manifestations, and protracted clinical course. Though the disease process is protracted, viral multiplication may not be unusually slow. Conventional viruses produce slow virus diseases such as SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL), and AIDS. Diseases produced by unconventional agents were originally considered part of this group. They are now called PRION DISEASES. M0019974 C5728 Slow Virus Diseases Slow Virus Diseases C0037341 N0000002775 D012897 1030191 Soft Tissue Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 1024360 N0000002780 M0020121 Soft Tissue Neoplasms 387837005 Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc. C5738 D012983 C0037579 Soft Tissue Neoplasms Spasm [Disease/Finding] 988397 C5748 An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE. 45352006 N0000002785 Muscle Spasm Spasm M0020203 C0037763 D013035 Muscular Spasm Spasm Spasms, Infantile [Disease/Finding] Infantile Spasms An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8) West Syndrome M0020204 Spasms, Infantile 1024258 N0000002786 Lightning Attacks C0037769 D013036 C5750 28055006 Spasms, Infantile Spinal Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0020315 267968002 240210004 302934007 1024732 Spinal Diseases N0000002797 D013122 C0037933 Spinal Diseases C5772 Spirochaetales Infections [Disease/Finding] M0020349 Infections with bacteria of the order SPIROCHAETALES. 41116009 Spirochaetales Infections C5784 Spirochaetales Infections Spirochete Infections C0037974 Infections, Spirochete D013145 Infections, Spirochaetales N0000002803 1022229 Spondylitis [Disease/Finding] C0038012 84172003 202649003 D013166 Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions. Spondylitis 1024598 M0020376 C5796 399096009 N0000002809 Spondylitis Sporotrichosis [Disease/Finding] 1025783 Sporotrichosis Sporotrichosis The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound. M0020384 C0038034 42094007 C5804 D013174 N0000002813 Staphylococcal Infections [Disease/Finding] D013203 Infections, Staphylococcal N0000002817 56038003 Staphylococcal Infections 1023915 C0038160 Staphylococcal Infections M0020423 Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. C5812 Status Asthmaticus [Disease/Finding] 57546000 Asthmatic Shock N0000002821 1023330 C5820 C0038218 D013224 M0020462 Status Asthmaticus Status Asthmaticus Asthmatic Crisis A sudden intense and continuous aggravation of a state of asthma, marked by dyspnea to the point of exhaustion and collapse and not responding to the usual therapeutic efforts. Status Epilepticus [Disease/Finding] C0038220 N0000002822 A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30) Status Epilepticus, Generalized D013226 Status Epilepticus M0020463 1027856 C5822 Status Epilepticus 230456007 Stomach Diseases [Disease/Finding] 988579 Pathological processes involving the STOMACH. Gastric Diseases D013272 N0000002826 C0038354 C5830 29384001 Stomach Diseases Stomach Diseases M0020542 Stomach Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Neoplasms, Gastric N0000002828 126824007 Gastric Neoplasms Stomach Neoplasms Stomach Neoplasms Neoplasms, Stomach M0020544 1022499 D013274 Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. C5834 C0038356 Stomach Ulcer [Disease/Finding] Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). 397825006 196642007 Gastric Ulcer C5838 M0020546 C0038358 Stomach Ulcer N0000002830 D013276 1023584 Stomatitis [Disease/Finding] D013280 1025502 N0000002832 C0038362 Stomatitis C5842 61170000 INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP. Stomatitis M0020550 Stomatitis, Aphthous [Disease/Finding] N0000002833 C0038363 D013281 321258009 Ulcer, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742) 1023942 M0020551 Stomatitis, Aphthous Stomatitis, Aphthous C5844 Canker Sore Aphthae Streptococcal Infections [Disease/Finding] D013290 C0038395 85769006 M0020568 N0000002837 C5852 Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS. Infections, Streptococcal 1022383 Streptococcal Infections Streptococcal Infections Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic [Disease/Finding] D013313 C0038436 PTSD N0000002839 Stress Disorder, Post Traumatic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Stress Disorders, Posttraumatic M0020602 1022702 A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event. 47505003 Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic C5856 Neuroses, Post-Traumatic Neuroses, Posttraumatic Substance Withdrawal Syndrome [Disease/Finding] N0000002855 C0038587 D013375 Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. Substance Withdrawal Syndrome 1027256 C5888 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome M0020676 Suppuration [Disease/Finding] A pathologic process consisting in the formation of pus. C0038862 1028480 Suppuration Suppuration C5902 M0020847 255320000 N0000002862 D013492 Surgical Wound Infection [Disease/Finding] 58126003 C5908 N0000002865 D013530 Postoperative Wound Infection M0020904 1026690 C0038941 Infection, Surgical Wound Wound Infection, Postoperative Surgical Wound Infection Surgical Wound Infection Wound Infection, Surgical Infection, Postoperative Wound Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision. 213285008 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms [Disease/Finding] 984268 M0020949 N0000002872 C5922 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms D013568 Symptoms and General Pathology Abnormal anatomical or physiological conditions and objective or subjective manifestations of disease, not classified as disease or syndrome. C0039058 Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Syncope [Disease/Finding] Fainting C0039070 Syncope 309585006 A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9) 271594007 C5924 D013575 Syncope N0000002873 272030005 1023272 M0020955 Syphilis [Disease/Finding] 76272004 A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. D013587 C0039128 C5940 Great Pox N0000002881 M0020966 Syphilis Syphilis 1023903 Tachycardia [Disease/Finding] Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. 86651002 Tachycardia N0000002888 Tachycardia 1023558 3424008 D013610 C5954 C0039231 M0020996 Tachycardia, Supraventricular [Disease/Finding] C0039240 6456007 D013617 Tachycardia, Supraventricular Tachycardia, Supraventricular 1022287 M0021006 A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS. C5968 N0000002895 Testicular Diseases [Disease/Finding] N0000002912 D013733 Testicular Diseases Testicular Diseases C0039584 M0021188 1024150 C6002 64910008 Pathological processes of the TESTIS. Testicular Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms. M0021192 126900000 Neoplasms, Testis Testicular Neoplasms C0039590 Testis Neoplasms Neoplasms, Testicular C6006 D013736 1026876 N0000002914 Testicular Neoplasms Tetanus [Disease/Finding] 276202003 M0021200 76902006 D013742 C0039614 A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form. 1022251 C6008 Tetanus N0000002915 Tetanus Thoracic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] D013899 Thoracic Neoplasms Thoracic Neoplasms N0000002927 C0039981 255058005 1029082 C6032 M0021397 Thrombocythemia, Essential [Disease/Finding] Thrombocythemia, Idiopathic Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia Thrombocythemia, Essential Thrombocythemia, Essential 1022170 C6040 109994006 Thrombocythemia, Primary A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets. M0021427 D013920 Thrombocythemia, Hemorrhagic C0040028 N0000002931 Thrombocytopenia [Disease/Finding] A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. C6042 Thrombopenia C0040034 M0021428 N0000002932 Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia D013921 302215000 1024914 Thrombocytosis [Disease/Finding] 1022830 Thrombocytosis Thrombocytosis D013922 6631009 C0836924 M0021429 N0000002933 Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood. (Dorland, 27th ed) C6044 Thrombocythemia Thromboembolism [Disease/Finding] 371039008 C0040038 1027317 N0000002934 Thromboembolism Thromboembolism D013923 Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. M0021430 C6046 Thrombophlebitis [Disease/Finding] N0000002935 Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS). M0021432 D013924 C6048 Thrombophlebitis 64156001 C0040046 1025289 Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] Thrombosis C6050 118927008 Thrombosis C0040053 M0021435 Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. D013927 1022873 N0000002936 Thyroid Crisis [Disease/Finding] Thyroid Crisis N0000002941 C0040127 Thyroid Crisis 1023119 C6060 A dangerous life-threatening hypermetabolic condition characterized by high FEVER and dysfunction of the cardiovascular, the nervous, and the gastrointestinal systems. Crisis, Thyrotoxic D013958 29028009 M0021477 Thyrotoxic Crisis Thyrotoxic Storm Thyroid Storm Thyroid Diseases [Disease/Finding] C6062 Thyroid Diseases D013959 Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. M0021478 C0040128 1024048 N0000002942 Thyroid Diseases 14304000 Thyrotoxicosis [Disease/Finding] M0021495 1023059 D013971 C6074 C0040156 Thyrotoxicosis 286909009 A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING. 90739004 Thyrotoxicosis N0000002948 Tic Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1023189 Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany general medical conditions. (From DSM-IV, 1994) C6078 M0021514 C0040188 Tic Disorders 568005 D013981 N0000002950 Tic Disorders Tinea [Disease/Finding] 1025429 47382004 C0040247 Ringworm Tinea D014005 N0000002955 A general term describing various dermatophytoses. Specific types include TINEA CAPITIS (ringworm of the scalp), TINEA FAVOSA (of scalp and skin), TINEA PEDIS (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium (see ONYCHOMYCOSIS, ringworm of the nails). (Dorland, 27th ed) C6088 Tinea M0021562 Onychomycosis [Disease/Finding] Nail Fungus C6096 C0040261 D014009 Onychomycosis Tinea Unguium M0021567 A fungal infection of the nail plate, usually caused by a DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS. 402134005 414941008 N0000002959 1022836 Onychomycosis Tobacco Use Disorder [Disease/Finding] Tobacco-Use Disorder M0021604 C0040336 N0000002962 D014029 1025347 Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included. Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco Use Disorder C6102 Toxoplasmosis [Disease/Finding] M0021732 C0040558 1022005 Toxoplasmosis Infection, Toxoplasma gondii The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man. D014123 187192000 N0000002989 C6156 Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Infection Treponemal Infections [Disease/Finding] C6192 D014211 76272004 N0000003007 1025333 C0040843 Treponemal Infections Treponemal Infections M0021878 Infections, Treponemal Infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA. Trichomonas Infections [Disease/Finding] 1024821 C6196 Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas. Infections, Trichomonas 56335008 Trichomonas Infections Trichomonas Infections C0040921 105648001 N0000003009 M0021928 D014245 Trichomonas Vaginitis [Disease/Finding] 1026784 276877003 C6198 500000 D014247 Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS. Trichomonas Vaginitis C0040923 M0021930 N0000003010 Trichomonas Vaginitis 81598001 Trigeminal Neuralgia [Disease/Finding] Epileptiform Neuralgia Trigeminal Neuralgia 31681005 D014277 Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187) C0040997 N0000003018 1024205 Tic Douloureux C6214 M0021966 Fothergill Disease Trifacial Neuralgia Trophoblastic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Trophoblast Neoplasms Trophoblastic growth, which may be gestational or nongestational in origin. Trophoblastic neoplasia resulting from pregnancy is often described as gestational trophoblastic disease to distinguish it from germ cell tumors which frequently show trophoblastic elements, and from the trophoblastic differentiation which sometimes occurs in a wide variety of epithelial cancers. Gestational trophoblastic growth has several forms, including HYDATIDIFORM MOLE and CHORIOCARCINOMA. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1691) N0000003023 C6224 Trophoblastic Neoplasms 1028174 C0041182 M0022033 Trophoblastic Tumor Trophoblast Tumor Neoplasms, Trophoblastic D014328 Trophoblastic Neoplasms 115234004 Trypanosomiasis [Disease/Finding] M0022072 D014352 Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA. 1025319 N0000003025 C6228 78940002 C0041227 Trypanosomiasis Tuberculosis [Disease/Finding] Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM. Kochs Disease C6238 Tuberculosis D014376 1023231 56717001 C0041296 Koch's Disease N0000003030 M0022106 Tuberculosis 373576009 Tuberculosis, Cutaneous [Disease/Finding] Tuberculosis, Cutaneous Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not LUPUS VULGARIS. C0041309 Tuberculosis, Cutaneous N0000003034 C6246 D014382 M0022111 Skin Tuberculosis 66986005 1025807 Tuberculosis, Ocular [Disease/Finding] 1022945 C0041322 Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Tuberculosis, Ocular C6266 N0000003044 M0022124 D014392 49107007 Tuberculosis, Ocular Ocular Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Pulmonary [Disease/Finding] 1025418 154283005 Tuberculosis, Pulmonary C0041327 C6276 N0000003049 Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Tuberculoses, Pulmonary 397190009 Pulmonary Phthisis Pulmonary Tuberculoses D014397 MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. Pulmonary Tuberculosis M0022131 Pulmonary Consumption Tularemia [Disease/Finding] C0041351 D014406 M0022145 Tularemia A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness. 19265001 N0000003055 C6288 Francisella tularensis Infection Tularemia 1023428 Tumor Virus Infections [Disease/Finding] N0000003056 Tumor Virus Infections C0041374 Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses. Infections, Tumor Virus D014412 M0022156 C6290 988538 Tumor Virus Infections Typhoid Fever [Disease/Finding] D014435 M0022185 C6296 1026044 Enteric Fever 4834000 An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. Typhus, Abdominal Typhoid N0000003059 Typhoid Fever Typhoid Fever C0041466 Unconsciousness [Disease/Finding] 419045004 D014474 C0041657 M0022251 Unconsciousness 418107008 Unconscious State C6306 Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5) Consciousness, Loss of Unconsciousness N0000003064 1026031 Ureteral Diseases [Disease/Finding] 988834 N0000003068 C0041954 D014515 Ureteral Diseases C6314 Pathological processes involving the URETERS. M0022325 Ureteral Diseases Ureteral Obstruction [Disease/Finding] C0041956 Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. C6318 20018005 Ureteral Obstruction D014517 N0000003070 1023031 Ureteral Obstruction M0022327 Urethral Diseases [Disease/Finding] C6322 4985009 M0022332 N0000003072 Urethral Diseases Urethral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETHRA. C0041969 D014522 1022102 Urethral Obstruction [Disease/Finding] Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void. C0041972 985086 Urethral Obstruction C6326 95588004 D014524 Urethral Obstruction M0022334 N0000003074 Urinary Tract Infections [Disease/Finding] Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. C0042029 1022108 68566005 N0000003081 Urinary Tract Infections Urinary Tract Infections D014552 M0022373 C6340 Urination Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1025163 Urination Disorders C0042035 M0022377 N0000003082 Urination Disorders C6342 D014555 Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. Urogenital Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] C6344 D014564 M0022390 Congenital structural abnormalities of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female. Genitourinary Abnormalities Urogenital Abnormalities 287085006 N0000003083 C0042063 Urogenital Abnormalities Abnormalities, Urogenital 990562 Urogenital Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female. Urogenital Neoplasms N0000003084 C0042065 1025116 Urogenital Neoplasms Genitourinary Neoplasms D014565 C6346 Genito-urinary Neoplasm Neoplasms, Urogenital Neoplasms, Genitourinary M0022391 Male Urogenital Diseases [Disease/Finding] Male Genitourinary Diseases M0489510 Pathological processes of the male URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, MALE). C1720894 1027597 Male Urogenital Diseases D052801 CMSHM0489510 Male Urogenital Diseases N0000003085 Urologic Diseases [Disease/Finding] Urinary Tract Diseases Urological Diseases 128606002 1022769 Urologic Diseases M0022400 Pathological processes of the URINARY TRACT in both males and females. C0042075 197951006 C6350 41368006 N0000003086 D014570 Urologic Diseases Urologic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 126879004 Neoplasms, Urologic D014571 Tumors or cancer of the URINARY TRACT in either the male or the female. C6352 C0042076 M0022401 Urologic Neoplasms Urinary Tract Neoplasms 254913005 1023305 N0000003087 Urological Neoplasms Urologic Neoplasms Urticaria [Disease/Finding] Urticaria Urticaria 1023461 N0000003088 D014581 C6354 M0022414 A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. C0042109 Hives 126485001 Uterine Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0042131 C6358 Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS. Uterine Diseases Uterine Diseases N0000003090 D014591 M0022426 12337004 1025904 Uterine Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Uterine Neoplasms Neoplasms, Uterus Neoplasms, Uterine M0022431 126908007 N0000003093 Uterus Neoplasms 1022983 C6364 Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. C0042138 D014594 Uterine Neoplasms Uveal Diseases [Disease/Finding] Diseases of the uvea. Uveal Diseases Uveal Diseases M0022443 D014603 1022942 C0042161 95678007 C6372 N0000003097 Uveitis [Disease/Finding] 128473001 N0000003099 M0022445 C0042164 C6376 Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) Uveitis Uveitis 1022718 D014605 Uveitis, Anterior [Disease/Finding] 410692006 1028387 Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced. Uveitis, Anterior D014606 N0000003100 M0022446 C0042165 Uveitis, Anterior C6378 Vaginal Diseases [Disease/Finding] Pathological processes of the VAGINA. Vaginal Diseases M0022482 Vaginal Diseases D014623 C0042251 1026314 N0000003104 C6386 25658005 Vaginitis [Disease/Finding] C0042267 1021851 N0000003107 198213001 Vaginitis C6392 Vaginitis M0022488 D014627 Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge. 30800001 Vascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] D014652 Vascular Diseases 27550009 N0000003111 1024109 M0022535 C0042373 Vascular Diseases C6400 Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. Vasculitis [Disease/Finding] 1026759 C6404 Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. C0042384 Vasculitis Vasculitis 31996006 N0000003113 Angiitis D014657 M0022540 Ventricular Fibrillation [Disease/Finding] C0042510 1024218 Ventricular Fibrillation N0000003118 C6414 D014693 71908006 Ventricular Fibrillation M0022595 A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST. Virus Diseases [Disease/Finding] C6434 1022696 D014777 M0022758 Virus Diseases 34014006 Viral Diseases C0042769 A general term for diseases produced by viruses. N0000003128 Virus Diseases Vitamin D Deficiency [Disease/Finding] 1024200 A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406) C6446 C0042870 M0022798 N0000003134 Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamin D Deficiency D014808 34713006 Deficiency, Vitamin D Vomiting [Disease/Finding] Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. Vomiting C6460 1025810 C0042963 M0022844 N0000003141 Emesis 15387003 D014839 Vulvar Diseases [Disease/Finding] Vulvar Diseases Vulvar Diseases C6468 C0042994 M0022856 N0000003145 Pathological processes of the VULVA. 5089007 1024723 D014845 Vulvitis [Disease/Finding] M0022858 63144007 N0000003147 C0042996 D014847 Vulvitis Inflammation of the VULVA. It is characterized by PRURITUS and painful urination. 1023099 266586003 Vulvitis C6472 Vulvovaginitis [Disease/Finding] 1025805 Vulvovaginitis D014848 C6474 53277000 198215008 C0042998 N0000003148 Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS. Vulvovaginitis M0022859 Warts [Disease/Finding] M0022875 1022255 C6482 C0043037 Warts Warts N0000003152 D014860 Verruca 57019003 Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin. Water-Electrolyte Imbalance [Disease/Finding] Water-Electrolyte Imbalance C6486 1028873 Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. D014883 C0043065 Water-Electrolyte Imbalance M0022901 N0000003154 West Nile Fever [Disease/Finding] A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occasionally be fatal or leave survivors with residual neurologic deficits. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, p13; Lancet 1998 Sep 5;352(9130):767-71) C6500 D014901 West Nile Fever C0043124 N0000003161 M0022928 1024531 West Nile Fever Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome [Disease/Finding] Auriculoventricular Accessory Pathway Syndrome A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase. M0022990 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome D014927 N0000003166 C6510 74390002 False Bundle-Branch Block Syndrome C0043202 Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome 1023880 Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome WPW Syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Wound Infection [Disease/Finding] C0043241 D014946 M0023017 N0000003168 Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms. Wound Infection 1024471 C6514 Infection, Wound Wound Infection 76844004 Wounds and Injuries [Disease/Finding] Wounds and Injury Injuries, Wounds 19130008 C6516 N0000003169 Wounds, Injury Trauma D014947 Injuries and Wounds 1022221 C0043251 Wounds and Injuries Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. M0023019 Xerostomia [Disease/Finding] Asialia 1025018 C0043352 D014987 N0000003179 C6536 56893005 Xerostomia Xerostomia 87715008 Hyposalivation Decreased salivary flow. Mouth Dryness M0023067 Yersinia Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections with bacteria of the genus YERSINIA. Yersinia Infections Yersinia Infections M0023096 D015009 1022068 C6544 N0000003183 Infections, Yersinia 83436008 C0043407 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome [Disease/Finding] D015043 N0000003185 C6548 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome C0043515 1025255 A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome M0023152 53132006 Esophageal Motility Disorders [Disease/Finding] 266434009 M0023297 C6556 D015154 Esophageal Dysmotility N0000003189 1022716 Esophageal Motility Disorders Esophageal Motility Disorders C0014858 Disorders affecting the motor function of the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; the ESOPHAGUS body, or a combination of these parts. The failure of the sphincters to maintain a tonic pressure may result in gastric reflux of food and acid into the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX). Other disorders include hypermotility (spastic disorders) and markedly increased amplitude in contraction (nutcracker esophagus). Supratentorial Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Supratentorial Tumors C0038874 M0023322 Supratentorial Neoplasms D015173 N0000003195 Supratentorial Neoplasms C6568 Neoplasms, Supratentorial Primary and metastatic (secondary) tumors of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater separating the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM from the cerebral hemispheres and DIENCEPHALON (i.e., THALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS and related structures). In adults, primary neoplasms tend to arise in the supratentorial compartment, whereas in children they occur more frequently in the infratentorial space. Clinical manifestations vary with the location of the lesion, but SEIZURES; APHASIA; HEMIANOPSIA; hemiparesis; and sensory deficits are relatively common features. Metastatic supratentorial neoplasms are frequently multiple at the time of presentation. 1026849 Colorectal Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] C0009404 Colorectal Neoplasms Colorectal Tumors Neoplasms, Colorectal D015179 C6574 1022247 Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. Colorectal Neoplasms M0023329 N0000003198 126837005 Arthritis, Gouty [Disease/Finding] 190828008 201662001 1022914 N0000003204 Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Arthritis, Gouty Gouty Arthritis 48440001 D015210 M0023372 C6586 Arthritis, Gouty C0003868 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases [Disease/Finding] 24526004 Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory Inflammatory Bowel Diseases C0021390 M0023374 C6590 Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. 1023128 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases D015212 N0000003206 Hypertriglyceridemia [Disease/Finding] M0023401 N0000003210 C6598 302870006 C0020557 1026278 D015228 Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood. Hypertriglyceridemia Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral [Disease/Finding] Viral Venereal Diseases N0000003211 Viral Sexually Transmitted Disease C0036918 D015229 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Viral diseases which are transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral 1027279 Sexually Transmitted Disease, Viral Venereal Diseases, Viral C6600 Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases M0023402 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] Venereal Diseases, Bacterial Bacterial Venereal Diseases Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Disease Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial C0036917 Sexually Transmitted Disease, Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial M0023404 Bacterial diseases transmitted or propagated by sexual conduct. 1027541 D015231 N0000003212 C6602 Leprosy, Lepromatous [Disease/Finding] A chronic communicable infection which is a principal or polar form of LEPROSY. This disorder is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE and produces diffuse granulomatous skin lesions in the form of nodules, macules, or papules. The peripheral nerves are involved symmetrically and neural sequelae occur in the advanced stage. C6662 21560005 D015440 Leprosy, Lepromatous C0023348 N0000003242 Leprosy, Lepromatous M0023793 1022804 Leukemia, B-Cell [Disease/Finding] Lymphocytic Leukemia, B-Cell Leukemia, Lymphocytic, B Cell A malignant disease of the B-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow and/or blood. M0023806 C6670 N0000003246 C2004493 B-Lymphocytic Leukemia Leukemia, B-Cell 988278 D015448 Leukemia, Lymphocytic, B-Cell Leukemia, B-Cell B-Cell Leukemia Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell [Disease/Finding] Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Well Differentiated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Lymphoma, Lymphoplasmacytoid, CLL Lymphocytic Lymphoma Lymphoma, Small-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease. Small-Cell Lymphoma Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse, Well Differentiated Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-Cell Leukemia, Chronic Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Well-Differentiated 277473004 B-Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic Lymphoplasmacytoid Lymphoma, CLL Lymphoma, Small Lymphocytic, Plasmacytoid C0023434 Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic, B Cell Diffuse Well-Differentiated Lymphocytic Lymphoma Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse, Well-Differentiated Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Well Differentiated Lymphocytic Leukemia, Chronic, B-Cell Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Diffuse, Well Differentiated Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B Cell Lymphoma, Small Lymphocytic Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Chronic D015451 Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Well-Differentiated Lymphoma, Lymphocytic M0023808 N0000003248 C6674 Leukemia, B Cell, Chronic Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Diffuse, Well-Differentiated 1021888 Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive [Disease/Finding] M0023821 Leukemia, Myeloid, Ph1-Positive Myelogenous Leukemia, Ph1-Positive Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic 92818009 Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Myelocytic Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Ph1-Positive Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic Leukemia, Myeloid, Ph1 Positive D015464 Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia Positive C0023473 N0000003261 Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive C6700 Leukemia, Myelogenous, Ph1 Positive 1021752 Leukemia, Granulocytic, Chronic Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS. Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic Leukemia, Myelogenous, Ph1-Positive Leukemia, Myelocytic, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Philadelphia-Positive Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute [Disease/Finding] Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute Leukemia, Nonlymphoblastic, Acute N0000003267 Leukemia, Myelogenous, Acute D015470 Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Leukemia, Myeloblastic, Acute ANLL 1022145 Myeloid Leukemia, Acute C6712 Myeloblastic Leukemia, Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia, Acute M0023827 C0023467 Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute 17788007 91861009 Myelocytic Leukemia, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. 413443009 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] C0035091 N0000003278 Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error M0023861 Renal Tubular Transport Errors Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Error Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors D015499 Genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport functions of the KIDNEY TUBULES. C6734 Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors 1026778 Maxillary Sinusitis [Disease/Finding] C6744 1025988 N0000003283 M0023883 D015523 Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Maxillary Sinusitis Maxillary Sinusitis Sinusitis, Maxillary 88348008 C0024959 Arthritis, Psoriatic [Disease/Finding] 1024237 D015535 C6752 A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor. Psoriasis Arthropathica Arthritis, Psoriatic C0003872 M0023901 N0000003287 Arthritis, Psoriatic Psoriasis, Arthritic 33339001 Histiocytosis [Disease/Finding] C6766 N0000003294 1022662 D015614 C0019618 Histiocytosis Histiocytosis General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT. 190957008 M0023956 HIV Infections [Disease/Finding] N0000003302 C0019693 M0023997 HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III-LAV Infections HTLV-III Infections C6782 T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human D015658 86406008 1022756 HIV Infections Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic [Disease/Finding] Postviral Fatigue Syndrome Fatigue Syndrome, Postviral N0000003304 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 51771007 A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9) D015673 Royal Free Disease Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Infectious Mononucleosis-Like Syndrome, Chronic Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome 52702003 Chronic Fatigue-Fibromyalgia Syndrome 1024042 C6786 Encephalomyelitis, Myalgic C0015674 Chronic Fatigue Disorder Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic M0024027 Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic Abdominal Pain [Disease/Finding] D015746 Abdominal Pain Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region; generally associated with functional disorders, tissue injuries, or diseases. C6796 N0000003309 1022336 C0000737 21522001 M0024135 Glaucoma, Angle-Closure [Disease/Finding] 392291006 A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber. C0017605 Glaucoma, Narrow-Angle 1022331 C6820 N0000003321 Glaucoma, Closed-Angle Glaucoma, Angle Closure Glaucoma, Angle-Closure Glaucoma, Uncompensative D015812 Glaucoma, Uncompensated Glaucoma, Angle-Closure M0024213 Eye Infections [Disease/Finding] M0024227 D015817 C6824 Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness. Eye Infections Eye Infections 128351009 Ocular Infections N0000003323 1026014 C0015403 Eye Infections, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] Ocular Infections, Bacterial 128984004 N0000003324 Infections, Bacterial Ocular 988235 D015818 M0024228 Bacterial Eye Infections Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia. Bacterial Ocular Infections Eye Infections, Bacterial Eye Infections, Bacterial C6826 C0015404 Infections, Bacterial Eye Eye Infections, Fungal [Disease/Finding] Mycotic Infections, Ocular Oculomycosis C6830 1023743 Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses. D015821 C0015405 N0000003326 Mycosis, Ocular Eye Infections, Fungal Ocular Infections, Fungal M0024239 Eye Infections, Fungal Fungal Eye Infections 31194008 Eye Infections, Viral [Disease/Finding] N0000003331 1027485 Ocular Infections, Viral Eye Infections, Viral C0015407 Viral Eye Infections C6840 M0024246 Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus. D015828 Eye Infections, Viral 312132001 Panuveitis [Disease/Finding] Inflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent. It is often severe and extensive and a serious threat to vision. Causes include systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis, as well as malignancies. The intermediate segment of the eye is not involved. Panuveitis C0030343 75614007 M0024288 Panuveitis 990541 D015864 C6868 N0000003345 Lentivirus Infections [Disease/Finding] Lentivirus Infections M0024697 Lentivirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the Lentivirus genus. They are multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection. D016180 C0079680 1024090 N0000003384 24907000 C6946 Infections, Lentivirus Lymphoma, B-Cell [Disease/Finding] C0079731 D016393 Lymphoma, B-Cell 109979007 1026747 C6964 M0025074 N0000003393 B-Cell Lymphoma A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. Lymphoma, B-Cell Lymphoma, T-Cell [Disease/Finding] A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. C0079772 N0000003398 D016399 Lymphoma, T-Cell 109978004 C6974 M0025079 1023910 T-Cell Lymphoma Lymphoma, T-Cell Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous [Disease/Finding] C0079773 400122007 N0000003409 M0025093 1025184 A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders. Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous C6996 D016410 T-Cell Lymphoma, Cutaneous Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous Lymphoma, T Cell, Cutaneous Fungemia [Disease/Finding] Fungemia N0000003415 C7008 C0085082 D016469 M0025155 399314004 The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy. Fungemia 1023738 Helicobacter Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Helicobacter C7016 Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. D016481 Helicobacter Infections Helicobacter Infections M0025165 C0079487 N0000003419 989696 Peripheral Vascular Diseases [Disease/Finding] 400047006 Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART. D016491 C0085096 N0000003422 M0025176 Vascular Diseases, Peripheral C7022 Peripheral Vascular Diseases 1022504 Peripheral Vascular Diseases Peripheral Angiopathies Diseases, Peripheral Vascular Bronchial Hyperreactivity [Disease/Finding] Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory. 1027389 C7040 195967001 Bronchial Hyperreactivity M0025237 N0000003431 C0085129 Bronchial Hyperreactivity D016535 Central Nervous System Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] 126951006 D016543 M0025244 Central Nervous System Tumors Tumors, Central Nervous System 1025007 Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges. Neoplasms, Central Nervous System C0085136 N0000003434 C7046 Central Nervous System Neoplasms Panic Disorder [Disease/Finding] C0030319 371631005 A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. M0025297 C7062 Panic Disorder D016584 N0000003442 Panic Disorder 1022562 Vaginosis, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] Bacterial Vaginosis C0085166 Vaginitis, Bacterial Vaginitis, Nonspecific Bacterial Vaginitides Vaginosis, Bacterial N0000003443 419760006 Vaginosis, Bacterial D016585 Bacterial Vaginoses C7064 Vaginoses, Bacterial Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli. M0025299 Bacterial Vaginitis 1022414 Vaginitides, Bacterial Embolism and Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] A collective term for pathological conditions which are caused by the formation of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in a blood vessel, or by blocking of a blood vessel with an EMBOLUS, undissolved materials in the blood stream. 1031715 C0085307 195440003 D016769 Embolism and Thrombosis N0000003473 Embolism and Thrombosis M0025559 C7124 Malaria, Falciparum [Disease/Finding] M0025570 Plasmodium falciparum Malaria N0000003481 Malaria, Falciparum C7140 C0024535 Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. 62676009 1023574 Malaria, Falciparum D016778 Malaria, Vivax [Disease/Finding] Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day. C0024537 N0000003483 Malaria, Vivax Plasmodium vivax Malaria C7144 M0025572 D016780 27052006 Malaria, Vivax 1022708 Keratitis, Herpetic [Disease/Finding] C0019357 Keratitis, Herpetic 186542001 M0025643 A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed) Keratitis, Herpetic Ocular Herpes Simplex 9389005 N0000003485 Herpes Simplex Keratitis D016849 C7148 1024044 Herpes Simplex, Ocular Bacillaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] N0000003488 Infections with bacteria of the family BACILLACEAE. 989075 C0085389 C7154 D016863 Bacillaceae Infections Bacillaceae Infections M0025666 Infections, Bacillaceae Bacteroidaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Bacteroidaceae Bacteroidaceae Infections 988895 Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE. D016866 C0085392 C7158 Bacteroidaceae Infections N0000003490 M0025669 Serratia Infections [Disease/Finding] C7160 Serratia Infections M0025671 N0000003491 Infections with bacteria of the genus SERRATIA. D016868 Infections, Serratia 1026441 71120004 Serratia Infections C0085394 Neisseriaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] M0025673 C0085396 C7164 N0000003493 D016870 Neisseriaceae Infections Neisseriaceae Infections 1025935 Infections, Neisseriaceae Infections with bacteria of the family NEISSERIACEAE. Pasteurellaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections with bacteria of the family PASTEURELLACEAE. N0000003494 C0085397 Infections, Pasteurellaceae D016871 C7166 Pasteurellaceae Infections Pasteurellaceae Infections M0025674 985866 Endometrial Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. Neoplasms, Endometrial C7182 N0000003502 Endometrial Neoplasms 989735 123844007 M0025700 D016889 Endometrial Neoplasms C0014170 Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections [Disease/Finding] Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections C7190 D016905 N0000003506 C0085423 1023284 M0025725 Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative Infections, Gram-Negative Bacterial Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections [Disease/Finding] N0000003507 C7192 Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method. D016908 Infections, Gram-Positive Bacterial 1022700 C0085426 Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections M0025728 Meningitis, Cryptococcal [Disease/Finding] M0025746 C0085436 Meningitis, Cryptococcal C7200 N0000003511 14232007 Meningitis, Cryptococcal Cryptococcal Meningitis Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2) 1026828 D016919 Meningitis, Fungal [Disease/Finding] Meningitis, Fungal Meningitis, Fungal N0000003513 24321005 Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts. Fungal Meningitis C0085438 C7204 1022688 D016921 M0025748 AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections [Disease/Finding] AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections N0000003524 AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections C7226 1025910 M0025965 Opportunistic Infections, HIV-Related C0162526 Opportunistic Infections, AIDS-Related D017088 Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. Colitis, Ischemic [Disease/Finding] 30588004 Colitis, Ischemic Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature. C0162529 D017091 M0025968 1021896 N0000003525 Ischemic Colitis Colitis, Ischemic C7228 Liver Failure [Disease/Finding] 1021954 C0085605 59927004 Hepatic Failure N0000003527 Liver Failure Liver Failure C7232 D017093 Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) M0025970 Kidney Failure [Disease/Finding] N0000003529 C0035078 Renal Failure Kidney Failure 42399005 M0025974 266553002 1022860 A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. D051437 Kidney Failure C7236 Low Back Pain [Disease/Finding] Low Back Pain N0000003535 Low Back Ache Low Backache Low Back Pain 279039007 Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions. Lower Back Pain C0024031 M0026008 1021791 D017116 Lumbago C7248 Tachycardia, Ventricular [Disease/Finding] D017180 N0000003541 Tachycardia, Ventricular Tachycardia, Ventricular 1023929 C0042514 M0026083 25569003 C7260 Ventricular Tachycardia An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation). Skin Diseases, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] D017192 N0000003546 C7270 M0026097 984383 Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin Diseases, Bacterial 128936008 C0162627 Skin diseases caused by bacteria. Bacterial Skin Diseases Skin Diseases, Viral [Disease/Finding] Skin Diseases, Viral 1029386 M0026098 Skin diseases caused by viruses. D017193 Skin Diseases, Viral C0162628 C7272 Viral Skin Diseases 128937004 N0000003547 Myocardial Ischemia [Disease/Finding] 1022046 C7278 M0026104 A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). 414545008 D017202 Myocardial Ischemia N0000003550 C0151744 Heart Disease, Ischemic Ischemic Heart Disease Ischemia, Myocardial Myocardial Ischemia 414795007 Gastric Outlet Obstruction [Disease/Finding] Gastric Outlet Obstruction M0026129 C7288 1025976 D017219 The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING. N0000003555 244815007 C0162651 Gastric Outlet Obstruction Tick-Borne Diseases [Disease/Finding] Tick-Borne Diseases 414018003 N0000003567 1025615 Tick-Borne Diseases Bacterial, viral, or parasitic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected ticks. The families Ixodidae and Argasidae contain many bloodsucking species that are important pests of man and domestic birds and mammals and probably exceed all other arthropods in the number and variety of disease agents they transmit. Many of the tick-borne diseases are zoonotic. C0162700 M0026236 C7312 D017282 Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular [Disease/Finding] Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 55827005 M0026394 N0000003570 C7318 D017379 1023472 C0149721 Ventricular Hypertrophy, Left Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases [Disease/Finding] C0175166 M0026454 N0000003573 C7324 A collective term for diseases of the skin and its appendages and of connective tissue. 1027511 D017437 Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases Skin Diseases, Eczematous [Disease/Finding] D017443 Eczematous Disorders Any of a variety of eruptive skin disorders characterized by erythema, oozing, vesiculation, and scaling. Etiology is varied. C0162817 C7330 Skin Diseases, Eczematous Eczematous Skin Diseases N0000003576 M0026466 1022475 Skin Diseases, Eczematous Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous [Disease/Finding] Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous C7332 C0162818 22585003 1024350 D017444 N0000003577 Papulosquamous Skin Diseases Papulosquamous Disorders A group of dermatoses with distinct morphologic features. The primary lesion is most commonly a papule, usually erythematous, with a variable degree of scaling on the surface. Plaques form through the coalescing of primary lesions. M0026467 Skin Diseases, Vascular [Disease/Finding] C0162819 Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area. M0026469 11263005 N0000003578 Vascular Skin Diseases Skin Diseases, Vascular 1024271 D017445 C7334 Skin Diseases, Vascular Lung Diseases, Interstitial [Disease/Finding] N0000003603 Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features. Interstitial Lung Diseases Lung Diseases, Interstitial Lung Diseases, Interstitial 233703007 C7384 M0026626 C0206062 D017563 1028101 Neuroectodermal Tumors [Disease/Finding] M0026668 C7404 253096008 D017599 N0000003613 1022212 Neuroectodermal Tumors Neuroectodermal Tumors 73676002 Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells. C0206093 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome [Disease/Finding] A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs. It is often referred to as idiopathic. N0000003620 C7418 M0026741 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome 1024984 C1540912 128835008 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome D017681 Pelvic Pain [Disease/Finding] N0000003626 Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin and of organic or psychogenic etiology. Frequent causes of pain are distension or contraction of hollow viscera, rapid stretching of the capsule of a solid organ, chemical irritation, tissue ischemia, and neuritis secondary to inflammatory, neoplastic, or fibrotic processes in adjacent organs. (Kase, Weingold & Gershenson: Principles and Practice of Clinical Gynecology, 2d ed, pp479-508) C0030794 30473006 C7430 Pelvic Pain M0026763 1022303 Pelvic Pain D017699 Community-Acquired Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Community-Acquired C0206171 C7436 Community-Acquired Infections Community-Acquired Infections M0026784 D017714 Any infection acquired in the community, that is, contrasted with those acquired in a health care facility (CROSS INFECTION). An infection would be classified as community-acquired if the patient had not recently been in a health care facility or been in contact with someone who had been recently in a health care facility. N0000003629 1032631 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis [Disease/Finding] 22455005 1026504 D017726 Cytomegaloviral Retinitis M0026791 Retinitis, Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a major opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and can cause blindness. N0000003631 C7440 C0206178 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Flavivirus Infections [Disease/Finding] M0027404 Flavivirus Infections C0206608 N0000003657 Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE. 1027981 Flavivirus Infections C7492 D018177 Infections, Flavivirus Flaviviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] M0027405 1027902 Flaviviridae Infections Infections, Flaviviridae D018178 C0206609 C7494 N0000003658 Flaviviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE. Paramyxoviridae Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS. N0000003660 D018184 M0027412 1028342 C7498 C0206613 Paramyxoviridae Infections Paramyxoviridae Infections Infections, Paramyxoviridae Pneumovirus Infections [Disease/Finding] D018186 C0206615 Infections, Pneumovirus C7502 N0000003662 Pneumovirus Infections 1023009 Infections with viruses of the genus PNEUMOVIRUS, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS, an important cause of respiratory disease in humans. M0027415 Pneumovirus Infections Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue [Disease/Finding] 1028165 Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue D018204 Neoplasms developing from some structure of the connective and subcutaneous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective or soft tissue. C7534 Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasms C0206765 N0000003678 M0027433 Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasms, Bone Tissue [Disease/Finding] Neoplasms composed of bony tissue, whether normal or of a soft tissue which has become ossified. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in bones. N0000003687 Bony Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms, Bony Tissue Neoplasms, Bone Tissue C0206639 C7552 D018213 M0027442 1027523 Bone Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms, Bone Tissue Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral [Disease/Finding] 1022217 C7608 Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral 253096008 254764001 Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors Neuroectodermal Neoplasm, Peripheral Primitive Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Neoplasm Neuroectodermal Tumor, Peripheral Primitive A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with Ewing's Sarcoma (SARCOMA, EWING'S). They may arise from the chest wall, skin, orbit, kidney, and other structures and tend to be locally invasive or metastasize, although relatively benign forms may occur. Characteristic histologic features include a tendency to form Homer-Wright rosettes and to stain positively with neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2113; J Clin Oncol 1998 Mar;16(3):1150-7) Neuroectodermal Tumor, Peripheral D018241 M0027470 C0684337 N0000003715 Extracranial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (pPNET) Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor, Extracranial Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive [Disease/Finding] Neuroepithelial Tumors, Primitive Neuroepithelial Neoplasms, Primitive C0206663 PNET D018242 Neoplasms, Primitive Neuroepithelial Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive 1025367 Primitive Neuroepithelial Neoplasms M0027471 A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059) 39781001 Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive C7610 Neuroectodermal Tumor, Primitive N0000003716 Mesothelioma, Cystic [Disease/Finding] Mesothelioma, Cystic 1029066 N0000003729 C7636 M0027490 86562005 C0206680 A peritoneal mesothelioma affecting mainly young females and producing cysts of variable size and number lined by a single layer of benign mesothelial cells. The disease follows a benign course and is compatible with a normal life expectancy, requiring occasionally partial excision or decompression for relief of pain or other symptoms. Malignant potential is exceptional. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1345) D018261 Mesothelioma, Cystic Carcinoma, Small Cell [Disease/Finding] Carcinoma, Oat Cell Carcinoma, Small Cell Carcinoma, Small Cell D018288 N0000003752 Small Cell Carcinoma An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) 1024767 C7682 M0027519 Oat Cell Carcinoma C0262584 254632001 254633006 Neoplasms, Basal Cell [Disease/Finding] 1026910 Neoplasms composed of cells from the deepest layer of the epidermis. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the stratum basale. C7696 M0027529 Neoplasms, Basal Cell Neoplasms, Basal Cell C0206710 N0000003759 D018295 Basal Cell Neoplasms 30649006 Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary [Disease/Finding] C0206768 1023140 D018299 189704005 N0000003763 C7704 Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary M0027533 Neoplasms, usually carcinoma, located within the center of an organ or within small lobes, and in the case of the breast, intraductally. The emphasis of the name is on the location of the neoplastic tissue rather than on its histological type. Most cancers of this type are located in the breast. Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary Neoplasms Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary Neoplasms, Mesothelial [Disease/Finding] Neoplasms, Mesothelial 115232000 1025409 M0027535 Neoplasms composed of tissue of the mesothelium, the layer of flat cells, derived from the mesoderm, which lines the body cavity of the embryo. In the adult it forms the simple squamous epithelium which covers all true serous membranes (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura). The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in these organs. (From Dorland, 27th ed) N0000003765 Mesothelial Neoplasms C7708 C0206714 Neoplasms, Mesothelial D018301 Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial [Disease/Finding] M0027536 C7710 Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial Neuroepithelial Neoplasms Neuroepithelial Tumors 1025270 C0206715 Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5) D018302 N0000003766 Nevi and Melanomas [Disease/Finding] M0027561 C7752 Nevi and Melanomas 1027690 Nevi and Melanomas A collective term for the various types of nevi and melanomas. N0000003787 Melanomas and Nevi 189747005 C0206769 D018326 Melanoma, Amelanotic [Disease/Finding] N0000003789 An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) C7756 Melanoma, Amelanotic D018328 C0206735 1024326 Melanoma, Amelanotic M0027563 70594002 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections [Disease/Finding] Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported. N0000003803 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections D018357 55735004 C0035235 M0027589 C7784 Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections 986730 Neuroendocrine Tumors [Disease/Finding] Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition. M0027590 D018358 C0206754 1024535 N0000003804 Neuroendocrine Tumors Neuroendocrine Tumors C7786 255046005 Cardiovascular Abnormalities [Disease/Finding] Cardiovascular Abnormalities N0000003808 D018376 Cardiovascular Abnormalities 1026475 Abnormalities, Cardiovascular Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS. C0243050 M0027602 9904008 C7794 Pneumonia, Bacterial [Disease/Finding] C7802 1025309 Pneumonia, Bacterial Bacterial Pneumonia M0027639 Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. C0004626 D018410 Pneumonia, Bacterial 53084003 N0000003812 Soft Tissue Infections [Disease/Finding] Soft Tissue Infections C7824 M0027697 Soft Tissue Infections Infections, Soft Tissue D018461 Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688) 95880003 C0149778 N0000003823 1023005 Ventricular Dysfunction, Left [Disease/Finding] D018487 990592 C0242698 N0000003826 Ventricular Dysfunction, Left Left Ventricular Dysfunction Ventricular Dysfunction, Left C7830 M0027729 A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. Mononegavirales Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections with viruses of the order MONONEGAVIRALES. The concept includes FILOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS. C7868 M0028015 C0242916 1023194 Mononegavirales Infections N0000003845 D018701 Infections, Mononegavirales Mononegavirales Infections Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome [Disease/Finding] C0242966 N0000003848 238149007 M0028081 1023779 A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever >38 degrees C or HYPOTHERMIA <36 degrees C; (2) TACHYCARDIA >90 beat/minute; (3) tachypnea >24 breaths/minute; (4) LEUKOCYTOSIS >12,000 cells/cubic mm or 10% immature forms. While usually related to infection, SIRS can also be associated with noninfectious insults such as TRAUMA; BURNS; or PANCREATITIS. If infection is involved, a patient with SIRS is said to have SEPSIS. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome D018746 Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome 238150007 Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic C7874 Sepsis Syndrome Ventricular Dysfunction [Disease/Finding] D018754 A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function. Ventricular Dysfunction C0242973 N0000003849 1022391 C7876 M0028090 Ventricular Dysfunction Impotence, Vasculogenic [Disease/Finding] M0028121 D018783 Impotence, Vasculogenic 986774 C0243000 Impotence, Vasculogenic Inability to achieve and maintain an erection (ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION) due to defects in the arterial blood flow to the PENIS, defect in venous occlusive function allowing blood drainage (leakage) from the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis), or both. N0000003855 C7888 Encephalitis, Viral [Disease/Finding] C0243010 Encephalitis, Viral M0028131 N0000003858 Viral Encephalitis 1025326 C7894 Encephalomyelitis, Infectious, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS. D018792 Infectious Encephalomyelitis, Viral 34476008 Encephalitis, Viral Sepsis [Disease/Finding] Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. C0243026 Sepsis M0028155 91302008 C7900 D018805 Sepsis N0000003861 1023184 Iron Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] D019189 N0000003901 C7980 M0028591 C0012715 Iron Metabolism Disorders 30913008 1022206 Iron Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed) Iron Overload [Disease/Finding] C7982 An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989) C0282193 60737008 D019190 Iron Overload Iron Overload M0028592 N0000003902 1024798 Neurodegenerative Diseases [Disease/Finding] Degenerative Neurologic Diseases C0524851 Neurologic Degenerative Conditions Neurodegenerative Diseases Neurodegenerative Diseases Nervous System Degenerative Diseases Degenerative Neurologic Disorders Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. N0000003949 Degenerative Diseases, Neurologic M0029135 Neurodegenerative Disorders D019636 1022112 C8076 Neurologic Diseases, Degenerative Neurologic Degenerative Diseases Degenerative Diseases, Nervous System Hepatitis, Autoimmune [Disease/Finding] C8082 408335007 C0241910 D019693 Hepatitis, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Autoimmune 1021796 Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis Autoimmune Hepatitis N0000003952 M0029243 A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES. Hepatitis C, Chronic [Disease/Finding] Chronic Hepatitis C M0029252 N0000003954 D019698 Hepatitis C, Chronic C0524910 Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. 1025809 128302006 C8086 Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood [Disease/Finding] Those psychiatric disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. These disorders can also be first diagnosed during other life stages. 987008 N0000003966 M0029626 Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood C8110 D019952 Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood C0525040 Disorders Usually Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence Neurobehavioral Manifestations [Disease/Finding] N0000003967 Neurobehavioral Signs and Symptoms M0333801 C8112 Cognitive Symptoms Signs and Symptoms, Neurobehavioral Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information. 1025867 C0525041 Neurobehavioral Manifestations Neurobehavioral Manifestations Cognitive Manifestations D019954 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0236964 D019958 1031543 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders C8120 N0000003971 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders M0029636 Elimination Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1164009 Excretory-related psychiatric disorders usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood. M0029639 1024444 C8124 D019960 Elimination Disorders Elimination Disorders C0013895 N0000003973 Mood Disorders [Disease/Finding] M0029642 1022464 Mood Disorders C0525045 C8128 D019964 Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature. N0000003975 Affective Disorders Mood Disorders 46206005 Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders [Disease/Finding] 106014008 C0029227 111479008 M0029645 Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders D019965 Cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders. These may be the result of substance use, trauma, or other causes. Mental Disorders, Organic Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders N0000003976 1022574 Organic Mental Disorders C8130 Substance-Related Disorders [Disease/Finding] Disorders related to substance abuse, the side effects of a medication, or toxin exposure. N0000003977 Substance-Related Disorders 1027904 M0029657 C8132 D019966 Substance-Related Disorders C0236969 Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features [Disease/Finding] N0000003978 Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features Schizophrenia and Disorders with Psychotic Features C8134 984843 Marked disorders of thought (delusions, hallucinations, or other thought disorder accompanied by disordered affect or behavior), and deterioration from a previous level of functioning. M0029660 D019967 C0525046 Sexual and Gender Disorders [Disease/Finding] D019968 C8136 Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphilias, and gender identity disorders. C0525047 984634 N0000003979 Sexual and Gender Disorders Sexual and Gender Disorders M0029661 Alcohol-Related Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1025655 C0236664 M0029672 D019973 N0000003982 29212009 Alcohol-Related Disorders Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol. C8142 Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological [Disease/Finding] D020018 Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Psychosexual Disorders Psychosexual Dysfunctions Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological M0029727 56627002 C8146 1025159 C0033953 Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994) N0000003984 Zygomycosis [Disease/Finding] M0029826 D020096 1027910 Zygomycosis Zygomycosis 59277005 N0000003994 C8166 Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection with members of Phycomycetes, an obsolete classification. C0043541 Hemostatic Disorders [Disease/Finding] 21112004 D020141 C0600502 1023569 M0029879 Vascular Hemostatic Disorders Hemostatic Disorders Hemostatic Disorders, Vascular C8176 Hemostatic Disorders Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of BLOOD VESSELS, blood fluidity, and BLOOD COAGULATION. Majority of the hemostatic disorders are caused by disruption of the normal interaction between the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM, the plasma proteins (including BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS), and PLATELETS. N0000003999 Trauma, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] M0328650 Injuries, Nervous System Nervous System Injuries Trauma, Nervous System D020196 Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures. N0000004034 1031188 C8246 Trauma, Nervous System 128239009 C0751792 Venous Thrombosis [Disease/Finding] 1023173 111293003 The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. Venous Thrombosis Phlebothrombosis C0042487 Thrombosis, Venous N0000004074 18266009 C8326 D020246 M0029908 Venous Thrombosis Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting [Disease/Finding] 1488000 1028343 Nausea and Vomiting, Postoperative C0520909 Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia. N0000004075 M0029915 D020250 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting PONV Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting C8328 Neurotoxicity Syndromes [Disease/Finding] Neurotoxin Disorders Poisoning, Nervous System Neurotoxic Disorders M0328313 Neurotoxin Diseases 19466003 985040 C8338 Neurotoxicity Syndromes N0000004080 Nervous System Poisoning D020258 C0235032 Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents. Neurotoxicity Syndromes Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] C8340 C0751850 Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System N0000004081 D020260 M0328325 Conditions associated with damage or dysfunction of the nervous system caused by exposure to heavy metals, which may cause a variety of central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system injuries. Poisoning, Heavy Metals, Nervous System 988177 Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System Lead Poisoning, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Nervous System Poisoning, Lead Neurotoxicity Syndrome, Lead Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Nervous System Diseases, Lead-Induced Poisoning, Lead, Nervous System C0751859 1023920 Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy. Poisoning, Lead, Neurologic C8346 Plumbism, Neurologic Lead-Induced Nervous System Diseases D020263 Lead Poisoning, Neurologic Plumbism, Nervous System N0000004084 M0328619 Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood [Disease/Finding] 1022058 Lead-Induced Nervous System Disease, Childhood Plumbism, Neurologic, Childhood Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood M0328531 Neurologic disorders occurring in children following lead exposure. The most frequent manifestation of childhood lead toxicity is an encephalopathy associated with chronic ingestion of lead that usually presents between the ages of 1 and 3 years. Clinical manifestations include behavioral changes followed by lethargy; CONVULSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; DELIRIUM; ATAXIA; and vomiting. Elevated intracranial pressure (HYPERTENSION, INTRACRANIAL) and CEREBRAL EDEMA may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1210-2) Poisoning, Lead, Nervous System, Childhood Neurologic Saturnism, Childhood D020264 N0000004085 Lead Poisoning, Neurologic, Childhood Poisoning, Lead, Neurologic, Childhood Nervous System Disease, Lead-Induced, Childhood Neurotoxicity Syndrome, Lead, Childhood C0751861 Nervous System Poisoning, Lead, Childhood C8348 Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System [Disease/Finding] Nervous System Diseases, Degenerative, Hereditary C8360 985698 Nervous System Degenerative Hereditary Diseases Inherited disorders characterized by progressive atrophy and dysfunction of anatomically or physiologically related neurologic systems. M0328330 Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hereditary Degenerative Disease, Nervous System, Hereditary Degenerative Hereditary Disorders, Nervous System D020271 C0751870 Nervous System Hereditary Degenerative Diseases Hereditary Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary Diseases, Neurodegenerative Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System Hereditary-Degenerative Disorders, Nervous System N0000004091 Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System Degenerative Hereditary Diseases, Nervous System Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System [Disease/Finding] Autoimmune Diseases, Nervous System Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System C8362 Autoimmune Diseases, Neurologic Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System N0000004092 C0751871 Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System Autoimmune Nervous System Diseases M0328129 Nervous System Autoimmune Diseases 1025977 D020274 Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME). Neurologic Autoimmune Diseases Autoimmune Disorders, Nervous System Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS [Disease/Finding] Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS Demyelinating Autoimmune Disorders, CNS Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS D020278 CNS Autoimmune Demyelinating Disorders 989466 Conditions characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin (see MYELIN SHEATH) in the brain, spinal cord, or optic nerves secondary to autoimmune mediated processes. This may take the form of a humoral or cellular immune response directed toward myelin or OLIGODENDROGLIA associated autoantigens. M0328372 Autoimmune Demyelinating Disorders, CNS C8368 CNS Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, Central Nervous System Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease, Autoimmune, CNS C0751873 N0000004095 Autoimmune Demyelinating Diseases, CNS Central Nervous System Fungal Infections [Disease/Finding] D020314 C8388 N0000004105 Mycoses, Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Fungal Infections Fungal Infections, Central Nervous System C0729544 Infections, Fungal, Central Nervous System 1025141 M0328044 128120005 Central Nervous System Mycoses MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME). Central Nervous System Fungal Infections Paraparesis [Disease/Finding] Paraparesis N0000004116 D020335 C8410 1030098 Paraparesis Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions. M0328241 1845001 C0221166 Paraparesis, Spastic [Disease/Finding] Paraparesis, Spastic Lower Extremity Weakness, Spastic D020336 312444006 M0023856 Spastic Lower Extremity Weakness 1025702 Paraparesis, Spastic N0000004117 C0037771 Mild or moderate loss of motor function accompanied by spasticity in the lower extremities. This condition is a manifestation of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that cause injury to the motor cortex or descending motor pathways. C8412 Spastic Paraparesis Enterocolitis, Necrotizing [Disease/Finding] C8420 M0029980 Enterocolitis, Necrotizing C0520459 2707005 D020345 N0000004121 1022711 Enterocolitis, Necrotizing 397729009 Necrotizing Enterocolitis ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT. Trigeminal Nerve Diseases [Disease/Finding] Trigeminal Nerve Disorders 64309007 M0328651 C8472 Fifth Cranial Nerve Diseases Cranial Nerve V Diseases Trigeminal Nerve Diseases Trigeminal Neuropathy C0152177 Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA. D020433 Trigeminal Nerve Diseases N0000004147 1025232 Neuromuscular Junction Diseases [Disease/Finding] Neuromuscular Junction Diseases Conditions characterized by impaired transmission of impulses at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This may result from disorders that affect receptor function, pre- or postsynaptic membrane function, or ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE activity. The majority of diseases in this category are associated with autoimmune, toxic, or inherited conditions. 984412 M0328288 C0751950 Neuromuscular Transmission Disorders Neuromuscular Junction Diseases C8484 128213006 N0000004153 D020511 Neuromuscular Junction Disorders Brain Infarction [Disease/Finding] Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis. M0328169 1027116 Brain Infarction Brain Infarction C8496 N0000004159 D020520 C0751955 Stroke [Disease/Finding] Cerebral Stroke Apoplexy Cerebrovascular Accident Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) 270883006 N0000004160 Cerebrovascular Apoplexy Vascular Accident, Brain C8498 Cerebrovascular Stroke CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident) 1024488 D020521 230690007 M0328070 Stroke C0038454 Parkinsonian Disorders [Disease/Finding] 987649 N0000004168 Parkinsonian Disorders Parkinsonian Syndromes C0242422 D020734 M0328250 A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. Parkinsonian Syndrome Parkinsonian Disorders C8514 32798002 Parkinsonism Parkinsonian Diseases Alcohol-Induced Disorders [Disease/Finding] C8518 M0328025 Alcohol-Induced Disorders C0236970 Alcohol-Induced Disorders 1025678 N0000004170 Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol. D020751 Pathological Conditions, Anatomical [Disease/Finding] An abnormal structural condition of the human body, usually macroscopic, that is common to a variety of different diseases. C8534 N0000004178 1026773 D020763 Pathological Conditions, Anatomical Pathological Conditions, Anatomical M0328642 C0752135 Headache Disorders [Disease/Finding] C0393735 Headache Syndromes M0328324 230461009 Headache Disorders 1023986 N0000004182 Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) C8542 D020773 Headache Disorders Cephalgia Syndromes Central Nervous System Viral Diseases [Disease/Finding] Viral Infections, Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Viral Diseases C8568 Central Nervous System Viral Infections N0000004195 Central Nervous System Viral Diseases Infections, CNS, Viral Infections, Viral CNS 1025144 D020805 M0328064 Viral Diseases, Central Nervous System Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces. C0348165 302810003 Dyskinesias [Disease/Finding] Abnormal Movements 9748009 1021897 C8586 Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. Dyskinesias Dyskinesias M0014140 D020820 N0000004204 C0013384 Neuromuscular Manifestations [Disease/Finding] Signs and symptoms associated with diseases of the muscle, neuromuscular junction, or peripheral nerves. Neuromuscular Manifestations N0000004213 C8604 1027972 Neuromuscular Signs and Symptoms D020879 M0328296 C0752252 Signs and Symptoms, Neuromuscular Neuromuscular Manifestations Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic [Disease/Finding] Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic N0000004219 Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic D020919 M0328301 C0752287 C8616 Intrinsic Sleep Disorders 1030136 Dyssomnias (i.e., insomnias or hypersomnias) associated with dysfunction of internal sleep mechanisms or secondary to a sleep-related medical disorder (e.g., sleep apnea, post-traumatic sleep disorders, etc.). (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187) Dyssomnias [Disease/Finding] N0000004220 44186003 C8618 D020920 1022841 Dyssomnias A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either hypersomnolence or insomnia. The three major subcategories include intrinsic (i.e., arising from within the body) (SLEEP DISORDERS, INTRINSIC), extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or various pathologic conditions), and disturbances of circadian rhythm. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187) C0700201 M0328379 Dyssomnias Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal [Disease/Finding] Duct-Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma C8660 Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS. C0887833 N0000004241 Ductal Carcinoma of the Pancreas Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal D021441 Pancreatic Duct Cell Carcinoma 985550 Duct-Cell Carcinoma, Pancreas M0352972 amprenavir [Chemical/Ingredient] C0754188 M0250495 amprenavir C095108 tetrahydro-3-furyl N-(3-(4-amino-N-isobutylbenzenesulfonamido)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropyl)carbamate Amprenavir N0000004336 amprenavir C11148 228656 basiliximab [Chemical/Ingredient] C11518 N0000004374 basiliximab basiliximab basiliximab M0292349 C113157 196102 C0676831 cefepime [Chemical/Ingredient] cefepime Pyrrolidinium, 1-((7-(((2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-en-3-yl)methyl)-1-methyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))- C0055003 cefepim cefepime C043266 20481 C12390 M0127410 N0000004493 cefepime cevimeline [Chemical/Ingredient] 44281 M0164858 2-methyspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3)quinuclidine C12616 C059240 cevimeline C0093437 cevimeline cevimeline N0000004524 efavirenz [Chemical/Ingredient] 195085 M0258297 N0000004738 C0674428 6-chloro-4-cyclopropylethynyl-4-trifluoromethyl-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one efavirenz efavirenz efavirenz C098320 C14150 exemestane [Chemical/Ingredient] 258494 C0851344 C056516 6-methyleneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione N0000004783 exemestane exemestane M0158502 C14510 exemestane gatifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000004840 C078049 M0209340 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo- C0753645 gatifloxacin 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid gatifloxacin gatifloxacin 228476 C14992 moxifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] C17464 C104727 N0000005131 C0536495 139462 M0273433 moxifloxacin moxifloxacin moxifloxacin 1-cyclopropyl--7-(2,8-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid rabeprazole [Chemical/Ingredient] 114979 2-((4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole N0000005413 C063129 C19458 M0174415 rabeprazole rabeprazole C0378482 rabeprazole rituximab [Chemical/Ingredient] rituximab C0393022 M0244307 N0000005430 C092560 rituximab C19594 CD20 antibody, rituximab 121191 rituximab rivastigmine [Chemical/Ingredient] C072506 rivastigmine C0649350 rivastigmine M0196402 183379 (S)-N-ethyl-3-((1-dimethyl-amino)ethyl)-N-methylphenylcarbamate Carbamic acid, ethylmethyl-, 3-(1-(dimethylamino)ethyl)phenyl ester, (S)-, (R-(R*,R*))-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) C19598 N0000005431 rivastigmine sparfloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] C20242 N0000005508 C0052585 18469 C061363 sparfloxacin M0170192 sparfloxacin sparfloxacin trastuzumab [Chemical/Ingredient] 224905 trastuzumab C0728747 C112748 N0000005608 trastuzumab M0291428 C21054 trastuzumab ropinirole [Chemical/Ingredient] 4-(2-(di-n-propylamino)ethyl)-2(3H)-indolone ropinirol M0135070 C046649 C21732 ropinirole ropinirole ropinirole C0244821 72302 N0000005694 Pentamidine [Chemical/Ingredient] Pentamidine Pentamidine Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. M0016169 Benzenecarboximidamide, 4,4'-(1,5-pentanediylbis(oxy))bis- C21762 7994 Pentamidin N0000005709 Pentamidine D010419 C0030863 Nortriptyline [Chemical/Ingredient] C21772 N0000005714 M0015002 C0028420 1-Propanamine, 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N-methyl- A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions. Nortriptyline Nortriptyline Desitriptyline Desmethylamitriptylin D009661 Nortriptyline 7531 Methylprednisolone [Chemical/Ingredient] Methylprednisolone N0000005719 6902 Methylprednisolone M0013662 C0025815 Metipred Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 11,17,21-trihydroxy-6-methyl-, (6alpha,11beta)- Methylprednisolone 6-Methylprednisolone A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action. D008775 C21782 Carbohydrates [Chemical/Ingredient] The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates D002241 M0003360 C21790 C0007004 2028 N0000005723 docetaxel [Chemical/Ingredient] C0246415 docetaxol docetaxel N-debenzoyl-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-10-deacetyltaxol C21822 docetaxel docetaxel N0000005739 M0184558 Benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)amino)-alpha-hydroxy-, 12b-(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,6,11-trihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-y C067311 72962 Mitoxantrone [Chemical/Ingredient] Mitozantrone C21824 Mitoxantrone M0013954 7005 An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent. Mitoxantrone D008942 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)amino)- C0026259 N0000005740 Mitoxantrone DHAQ Metolazone [Chemical/Ingredient] C0025854 Metolazone A quinazoline-sulfonamide that is considered a thiazide-like diuretic which is long-acting so useful in chronic RENAL FAILURE. It also tends to lower BLOOD PRESSURE and increase POTASSIUM loss. D008788 Metolazone 6-Quinazolinesulfonamide, 7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo- C21836 6916 Metolazone M0013684 N0000005746 Aminosalicylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] 700 D000636 A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions. N0000005760 M0000971 Aminosalicylic Acids Aminosalicylic Acids C21864 C0002591 Amiodarone [Chemical/Ingredient] Amiodarone C21866 703 Amiodarone Amiodarone D000638 Methanone, (2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl)(4-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)- N0000005761 M0000973 An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance. C0002598 Amitriptyline [Chemical/Ingredient] M0000975 Amitriptyline Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines. 1-Propanamine, 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N,N-dimethyl- C0002600 D000639 704 Amitriptyline C21870 N0000005763 Amitriptyline Mesalamine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0029386 5-Aminosalicylic Acid C21876 mesalamine Mesalamine C0127615 D019804 N0000005766 m-Aminosalicylic Acid meta-Aminosalicylic Acid An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) Mesalamine Mesalazine 52582 fluticasone [Chemical/Ingredient] C0082607 S-(Fluoromethyl) 6a,9-difluoro-11b,17-dihydroxy-16a-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17b-carbothioate N0000005771 C065382 fluticasone fluticasone fluticasone M0179832 41126 C21886 Losartan [Chemical/Ingredient] Losartan 2-Butyl-4-chloro-1-((2'-(1H-etrazol-5-yl) (1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)methyl)-1H-imidazole-5-methanol D019808 52175 Losartan M0029400 An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II. C0126174 C21892 N0000005774 Losartan Metronidazole [Chemical/Ingredient] C21896 2-Methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol M0013695 N0000005776 C0025872 Metronidazole Metronidazole Metronidazole D008795 A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed). 6922 1H-Imidazole-1-ethanol, 2-methyl-5-nitro- Omeprazole [Chemical/Ingredient] Omeprazole A highly effective inhibitor of gastric acid secretion used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase (H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE) in the proton pump of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Omeprazole C21948 Omeprazole 1H-Benzimidazole, 5-methoxy-2-(((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl)sulfinyl)- 7646 D009853 N0000005802 C0028978 M0015293 Benzoic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzoic acid D019817 Benzoic Acid A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. Benzoic Acid M0029415 C0053225 C21950 18989 N0000005803 Benzoic Acid Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] C21978 Proteins Proteins 8859 C0033684 N0000005817 M0017890 Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. D011506 Proteins Simvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0029425 36567 Simvastatin Simvastatin C0074554 C22028 A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL. Synvinolin Simvastatin N0000005842 D019821 ziprasidone [Chemical/Ingredient] C22030 N0000005843 115698 C092292 M0243639 ziprasidone ziprasidone ziprazidone C0380393 ziprasidone 5-(2-(4-(3-benzisothiazolyl)piperazinyl)ethyl)-6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one Nevirapine [Chemical/Ingredient] 53654 N0000005849 A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. C0132326 C22042 Nevirapine Nevirapine D019829 6H-Dipyrido(3,2-b:2',3'-e)(1,4)diazepin-6-one, 11-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl- Nevirapine M0029429 alosetron [Chemical/Ingredient] C0291772 85248 C090840 alosetron alosetron alosetron C22092 M0240025 N0000005874 zonisamide [Chemical/Ingredient] C022189 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide zonisamide zonisamide zonisamide C0078844 N0000005875 39998 M0077929 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole C22094 Tobramycin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000005883 Nebramycin Factor 6 An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species. Tobramycin C22110 Tobramycin M0021611 C0040341 D014031 10627 D-Streptamine, O-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-(2,6-diamino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1-4))-2-deoxy- Tobramycin Streptomycin [Chemical/Ingredient] C22124 C0038425 An antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis. Streptomycin 10109 M0020595 D013307 N0000005890 Streptomycin Streptomycin D-Streptamine, O-2-deoxy-2-(methylamino)-alpha-L-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-5-deoxy-3-C-formyl-alpha-L-lyxofuranosyl-(1-4)-N,N'-bis(aminoiminomethyl)- Ribavirin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0035525 Ribavirin D012254 Tribavirin Ribavirin C22128 M0019062 A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses. N0000005892 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-carboxamide, 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl- Ribovirin 9344 Ribavirin Benzoates [Chemical/Ingredient] Salts and esters of BENZOIC ACID that possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. They are used as preservatives in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods. Benzoates N0000005901 Benzoates D001565 M0002350 C22146 C0005058 1398 Pergolide [Chemical/Ingredient] Pergolide D010479 Pergolide N0000005908 Pergolide C0031007 A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES. 8047 Ergoline, 8-((methylthio)methyl)-6-propyl-, (8beta)- M0016279 C22160 Protriptyline [Chemical/Ingredient] Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation. C0033743 8886 Protriptyline Protriptyline 5H-Dibenzo(a,d)cycloheptene-5-propanamine, N-methyl- D011530 M0017928 N0000005915 Protriptyline C22174 cyclobenzaprine [Chemical/Ingredient] N,N-dimethyl-3-(dibenzo(a,d)cycloheptene-4-ylidene)propylamine 21949 C004704 C0056732 M0045849 cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine N0000005926 C22196 Tolmetin [Chemical/Ingredient] C22200 Tolmetin Tolmetin N0000005928 C0040377 A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN. 1H-Pyrrole-2-acetic acid, 1-methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)- D014046 10636 M0021631 Tolmetin Dihydroergotamine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000005941 C0012291 D004087 C22226 Dihydroergotamine Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 9,10-dihydro-12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'-(phenylmethyl)-, (5'alpha,10alpha)- Dihydroergotamine M0006401 Dihydroergotamine 3418 A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. Phenylalanine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0016544 8156 Phenylalanine Phenylalanine C22228 An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE. C0031453 L-Phenylalanine D010649 Phenylalanine, L-Isomer Phenylalanine N0000005942 Cyclophosphamide [Chemical/Ingredient] 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide Cyclophosphane Cyclophosphamide Cyclophosphamide Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer. N0000005951 C0010583 C22246 3002 M0005485 D003520 Cytophosphan Cyclophosphamide capecitabine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000005958 N(4)-pentyloxycarbonyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine M0287377 194000 capecitabine C0671970 C110904 capecitabine capecitabine C22260 Triamcinolone [Chemical/Ingredient] A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739) C0040864 C22306 Triamcinolone Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxy-, (11beta,16alpha)- Triamcinolone Triamcinolone M0021894 10759 D014221 N0000005981 Cyproheptadine [Chemical/Ingredient] Cyproheptadine A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc. Cyproheptadine 3013 N0000005988 C22320 M0005519 D003533 Piperidine, 4-(5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methyl- Cyproheptadine C0010620 Gold [Chemical/Ingredient] D006046 Gold Gold N0000005996 A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. C22336 M0009521 C0018026 4975 Triazolam [Chemical/Ingredient] C0040879 N0000006001 A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries. C22346 Triazolam Triazolam Triazolam 4H-(1,2,4)Triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl- 10767 D014229 M0021910 Aurothioglucose [Chemical/Ingredient] C0018033 A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals. C22370 Aurothioglucose Aurothioglucose N0000006013 Thioglucosoaurate D006051 M0009526 Gold Thioglucose 4980 Aurothioglucose Gold, (1-thio-D-glucopyranosato-O2,S1)- Gold Sodium Thiomalate [Chemical/Ingredient] Sodium Aurothiomalate M0009527 Sodium Gold Thiomalate Gold Sodium Thiomalate D006052 A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis. C22374 4981 Mercaptobutanedioic Acid Monogold(1+) Sodium Salt Butanedioic acid, mercapto-, monogold(1+) sodium salt Gold Sodium Thiomalate Gold Sodium Thiomalate Sodium Thiomalatoaurate N0000006015 C0018034 Phenytoin [Chemical/Ingredient] Phenytoin C22390 M0016580 N0000006023 8183 Phenytoin An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. C0031507 Diphenylhydantoin 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin D010672 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl- Fenitoin Phenytoin Rifampin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0035608 Rifampicin Benemycin Rifampin C22396 Rifamycin, 3-(((4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)imino)methyl)- D012293 A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) 9384 Rifampin N0000006026 M0019110 Rifampin linezolid [Chemical/Ingredient] N-((3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinylphenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl)methyl)acetamide C098010 linezolid linezolid C0663241 linezolid M0257529 190376 C22398 N0000006027 cerivastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] cerivastatin N0000006045 C086276 C0528023 C22434 596723 cerivastatin M0228730 Haloperidol [Chemical/Ingredient] M0009771 1-Butanone, 4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)- C0018546 D006220 Haloperidol Haloperidol C22440 A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in MENTAL RETARDATION and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279) 5093 N0000006048 Haloperidol Sulfasalazine [Chemical/Ingredient] D012460 C0036078 Sulphasalazine Salicylazosulfapyridine 9524 C22452 Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-5-((4-((2-pyridinylamino)sulfonyl)phenyl)azo)- Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907) Salazosulfapyridine Sulfasalazine N0000006054 M0019365 fludarabine [Chemical/Ingredient] 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 2-fluoroadenine arabinoside F-ara-A 9H-purin-6-amine, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoro- N0000006079 24698 C024352 fludarabine M0082555 C22502 fludarabine C0059985 fludarabine Cytarabine [Chemical/Ingredient] D003561 Cytosine Arabinoside Arabinofuranosylcytosine 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl- Arabinosylcytosine C22504 Aracytidine N0000006080 Cytarabine Cytarabine Cytarabine C0010711 M0005564 A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472) 3041 Selegiline [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzeneethanamine, N,alpha-dimethyl-N-2-propynyl-, (R)- D012642 Selegiline C0036579 C22546 9639 L-Deprenyl Selegiline Selegyline N0000006101 Selegiline, (R)-Isomer A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. It may slow progression of the clinical disease and delay the requirement for levodopa therapy. It also may be given with levodopa upon onset of disability. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p385) The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. M0019601 Selegiline Zalcitabine [Chemical/Ingredient] A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. N0000006107 M0024532 Zalcitabine Dideoxycytidine D016047 ddC (Antiviral) C0012132 C22558 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine Zalcitabine 3363 Cytidine, 2',3'-dideoxy- Zalcitabine Didanosine [Chemical/Ingredient] C22566 C0012133 D016049 3364 Didanosine Didanosine N0000006111 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine Dideoxyinosine Inosine, 2',3'-dideoxy- A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite. M0024535 Didanosine ddI (Antiviral) Pimozide [Chemical/Ingredient] Pimozide Pimozide C22574 M0016871 A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403) N0000006115 Pimozide 8331 D010868 2H-Benzimidazol-2-one, 1-(1-(4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl)-4-piperidinyl)-1,3-dihydro- C0031935 lansoprazole [Chemical/Ingredient] C058687 C22582 N0000006119 2-(((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl)methyl)sulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole lansoprazole lansoprazole C0050940 17128 lanzoprazole lansoprazole M0163558 Dexamethasone [Chemical/Ingredient] Methylfluorprednisolone D003907 Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9-fluoro-11,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methyl-, (11beta,16alpha)- Dexamethasone 3264 M0006099 C0011777 C22598 An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid. Hexadecadrol N0000006127 Dexamethasone Dexamethasone Chlorambucil [Chemical/Ingredient] Chloraminophene 4-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)benzenebutanoic Acid Benzenebutanoic acid, 4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)- C22626 N,N-Di-(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric Acid N0000006141 Chlorambucil M0004118 D002699 2346 Chlorbutin A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed) Chlorambucil Chlorambucil C0008163 Teniposide [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006147 A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle. Teniposide Teniposide C22638 M0021161 C0039512 Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Thenylidine Glucoside 10362 D013713 Furo(3',4':6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-9-((4,6-O-(2-thienylmethylene)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-, (5R-(5alpha,5abeta,8aalpha,9beta(R*)))- Teniposide Tyrosine [Chemical/Ingredient] para-Tyrosine M0022203 Tyrosine, L-isomer C0041485 A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin. 10962 C22648 L-Tyrosine N0000006152 Tyrosine Tyrosine D014443 Tyrosine Lipids [Chemical/Ingredient] Lipids C22714 Lipids N0000006185 C0023779 6411 D008055 A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) M0012553 Enalapril [Chemical/Ingredient] C0014025 3827 D004656 C22736 Enalapril L-Proline, 1-(N-(1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)-L-alanyl)-, (S)- N0000006195 One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS that is used to treat hypertension. Enalapril M0007330 Enalapril Trimipramine [Chemical/Ingredient] D014299 Trimipramine 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-propanamine, 10,11-dihydro-N,N,beta-trimethyl- Trimeprimine C0041056 Trimipramine Trimipramine C22748 10,11 Dihydro-N,N,beta-trimethyl-5H-dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-propanamine N0000006201 10834 M0021995 Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties. topiramate [Chemical/Ingredient] topiramate topiramate C052342 M0148600 C0076829 N0000006204 2,3-4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-D-fructopyranose sulfamate C22754 38404 topiramate olsalazine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0101640 azodisalicylate C032587 N0000006231 C0069454 C22808 Benzoic acid, 3,3'-azobis(6-hydroxy)-, 32385 olsalazine olsalazine olsalazine Amlodipine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0051696 A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION. 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-, 3-ethyl 5-methyl ester D017311 C22882 17767 M0026284 N0000006268 Amlodipine Amlodipine Amlodipine lomefloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid lomefloxacin C22892 C053091 lomefloxacin 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-, monohydrochloride 28872 lomenfloxacin N0000006273 M0150494 C0065162 lomefloxacin Interferon Alfa-2a [Chemical/Ingredient] C0021734 D015380 Interferon Alfa-2a Interferon Alfa-2a 5879 A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with lysine at position 23 and histidine at position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. M0023693 C22928 N0000006291 Interferon Alfa-2a Recombinant Interferon alpha-2a Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2a Interferon Alfa-2b [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006294 Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b Interferon Alfa-2b Interferon Alfa-2b Inteferon alpha 2b (human leukocyte clone Hif-SN 206 protein moiety reduced). 5880 A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23 and histidine in position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. D015381 Recombinant Interferon alpha-2b C0021735 C22934 Interferon Alfa-2b M0023695 Cladribine [Chemical/Ingredient] 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine Adenosine, 2-chloro-2'-deoxy- An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia. N0000006317 44157 D017338 2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine C22982 C0092801 M0026332 Cladribine 2'-Deoxy-2-chloroadenosine Cladribine Cladribine Fluconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] C23010 Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. 4450 N0000006331 M0024111 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-ethanol, alpha-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-alpha-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)- D015725 C0016277 Fluconazole Fluconazole Fluconazole Ergotamine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006354 D004878 Ergotaman-3',6',18-trione, 12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'-(phenylmethyl)-, (5'alpha)- A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. Ergotamine C0014710 Ergotamine Ergotamine C23056 4025 M0007662 bexarotene [Chemical/Ingredient] bexarotene M0250478 bexarotene 4-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethenyl)benzoic acid C095105 N0000006359 C0765273 3-methyl-TTNEB bexarotene C23066 233272 Thalidomide [Chemical/Ingredient] 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione, 2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)- D013792 Thalidomide C0039736 A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppresive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action. 10432 C23082 Thalidomide Thalidomide N0000006367 M0021267 Propofol [Chemical/Ingredient] Propofol Propofol N0000006386 Disoprofol An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS. D015742 M0024130 2,6-Diisopropylphenol C0033487 2,6-Bis(1-methylethyl)phenol Propofol Phenol, 2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)- 8782 C23120 Warfarin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0022871 D014859 11289 Warfarin Warfarin An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide. C23154 N0000006403 Warfarin C0043031 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)- Bupropion [Chemical/Ingredient] M0025361 Bupropion Bupropion A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to block dopamine uptake. The hydrochloride is available as an aid to smoking cessation treatment. N0000006417 D016642 Amfebutamone C23182 (+-)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)-1-propanone 42347 C0085208 1-Propanone, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)- Bupropion Paroxetine [Chemical/Ingredient] Piperidine, 3-((1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-, (3S-trans)- C23192 Paroxetine N0000006422 Paroxetine Paroxetine D017374 C0070122 A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression. 32937 M0026386 Lisinopril [Chemical/Ingredient] Lysinopril One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. L-Proline, 1-(N2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L-lysyl)-, dihydrate, (S)- C0065374 29046 N0000006450 Lisinopril Lisinopril Lisinopril M0026771 D017706 C23248 leflunomide [Chemical/Ingredient] N-(4-trifluoromethyphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide leflunomide C23250 C0063041 leflunomide leflunomide C045463 27169 N0000006451 4-Isoxazolecarboxamide, 5-methyl-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- M0132172 Hydrocortisone [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006460 The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Hydrocortisone D006854 Hydrocortisone M0010707 C23268 Cortisol Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,17,21-trihydroxy-, (11beta)- C0020268 5492 Hydrocortisone Bepridil [Chemical/Ingredient] C23270 1-Pyrrolidineethanamine, beta-((2-methylpropoxy)methyl)-N-phenyl-N-(phenylmethyl)- C0005116 A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. Bepridil Bepridil N0000006461 D015764 1436 M0024153 Bepridil Mefloquine [Chemical/Ingredient] Mefloquine Mephloquine C23282 N0000006467 D015767 6694 Mefloquine A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects. 4-Quinolinemethanol, alpha-2-piperidinyl-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-, (R*,S*)-(+-)- C0025153 Mefloquine M0024162 Ticlopidine [Chemical/Ingredient] Ticlopidine is an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The drug has been found to significantly reduce infarction size in acute myocardial infarcts and is an effective antithrombotic agent in arteriovenous fistulas, aorto-coronary bypass grafts, ischemic heart disease, venous thrombosis, and arteriosclerosis. N0000006471 D013988 Ticlopidine Thieno(3,2-c)pyridine, 5-((2-chlorophenyl)methyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- Ticlopidine 10594 C0040207 M0021526 C23290 Ticlopidine Ganciclovir [Chemical/Ingredient] C0017066 Gancyclovir D015774 An ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections. M0024168 C23338 N0000006495 Ganciclovir Ganciclovir Ganciclovir 4678 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-((2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)methyl)- zolmitriptan [Chemical/Ingredient] C23352 M0237257 zolmitriptan zolmitriptan zolmitriptan C089750 C0528166 N0000006502 135775 4-((3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl)methyl)-2-oxazolidinone Clonidine [Chemical/Ingredient] D003000 C0009014 Clonidine Clonidine M0004605 An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION. C23358 Clofenil 2599 Klofenil Clonidine N0000006505 1H-Imidazol-2-amine, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- Acetic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] 168 C23382 N0000006517 C0000983 D019342 Acetic Acid Acetic Acid Glacial M0028791 Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed) Acetic Acid Glacial Acetic Acid Acetic Acid zafirlukast [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006523 C062735 C23394 M0173494 114970 zafirlukast zafirlukast zafirlukast 4-(5-cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino-2-methylindol-3-yl-methyl)-3-methoxy-N-O-tolylsulfonylbenzamide C0378466 venlafaxine [Chemical/Ingredient] C23396 39786 N0000006524 C047426 venlafaxine venlafaxine venlafaxine C0078569 1-(2-dimethylamino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol M0136964 iopromide [Chemical/Ingredient] 27781 iopromide N0000006526 C0063817 lopromid C23400 N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-5-(2-methoxyacetamido)-N-methylisophthalamide iopromide iopromide M0115091 iopromid C038192 rofecoxib [Chemical/Ingredient] 232158 C116926 C23406 rofecoxib 4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-5H-furan-2-one C0762662 N0000006529 rofecoxib M0300376 rofecoxib Betaxolol [Chemical/Ingredient] D015784 M0024177 1520 C23412 C0005320 2-Propanol, 1-(4-(2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)-3-((1-methylethyl)amino)- N0000006532 A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity. Betaxolol Betaxolol Betaxolol Podophyllotoxin [Chemical/Ingredient] Furo(3',4':6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-9-hydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-, (5R-(5alpha,5abeta,8aalpha,9alpha))- D011034 Podofilox Podophyllotoxin Podophyllotoxin C23442 A lignan (LIGNANS) found in PODOPHYLLIN resin from the roots of PODOPHYLLUM plants. It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. C0032334 podofilox 8463 N0000006547 M0017087 gemcitabine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006563 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine C23474 C0045093 2'-deoxy-2'-difluorocytidine dFdCyd C056507 gemcitabine 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine gemcitabine gemcitabine 12574 2',2'-DFDC M0158478 Glycerol [Chemical/Ingredient] A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent. 1,2,3-Propanetriol Glycerin Glycerine M0009417 Glycerin Glycerol Glycerol C23480 N0000006566 4910 C0017861 D005990 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane Nitroglycerin [Chemical/Ingredient] Glyceryl Trinitrate M0009426 N0000006574 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate C23496 C0017887 4917 Nitroglycerin A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives. Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin D005996 Cisapride [Chemical/Ingredient] C23528 N0000006590 C0072916 M0029858 A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) Cisapride Cisapride D020117 Benzamide, 4-amino-5-chloro-N-(1-(3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl)-3-methoxy -4-piperidinyl)-2-methoxy-, cis- 35255 Cisapride Sirolimus [Chemical/Ingredient] C23558 Rapamycin Sirolimus C0072980 M0029863 A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties. 35302 D020123 N0000006605 Sirolimus Sirolimus Alprazolam [Chemical/Ingredient] Alprazolam Alprazolam Alprazolan 4H-(1,2,4)Triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl- Alprazolam A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238) C0002333 596 C23570 D000525 N0000006611 M0000806 Nitriles [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006620 Nitriles Nitriles 7443 D009570 Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE. M0014878 C23588 C0028131 Metformin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0025598 D008687 N0000006631 A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289) Metformin Metformin Metformin Imidodicarbonimidic diamide, N,N-dimethyl- Dimethylguanylguanidine Dimethylbiguanidine M0013535 C23610 6809 ropivacaine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000006648 C037663 C0073571 1-propyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide ropivacaine 35780 C23644 ropivacaine M0113809 ropivacaine Nitrofurantoin [Chemical/Ingredient] C23646 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1-(((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)amino)- C0028156 A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression. 7454 Nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin M0014893 D009582 N0000006649 Sotalol [Chemical/Ingredient] Sotalol N0000006665 Sotalol Sotalol 9947 C23678 Methanesulfonamide, N-(4-(1-hydroxy-2-((1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)phenyl)- D013015 C0037707 An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias. M0020177 Prednisolone [Chemical/Ingredient] Prednisolone D011239 N0000006669 Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 11,17,21-trihydroxy-, (11beta)- Prednisolone C23686 C0032950 8638 prednisolone A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. M0017460 Amantadine [Chemical/Ingredient] Adamantylamine N0000006670 Tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decan-1-amine An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake. D000547 Amantadine Amantadine 620 C23688 C0002403 M0000847 Amantadine 1-Aminoadamantane tolcapone [Chemical/Ingredient] C23692 tolcapone tolcapone C0246330 72937 M0182081 N0000006672 C066340 tolcapone 3,4-dihydroxy-5'-methyl-5-nitrobenzophenone Diltiazem [Chemical/Ingredient] D004110 M0006434 3443 A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions. C23712 Diltiazem Diltiazem Diltiazem C0012373 1,5-Benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one, 3-(acetyloxy)-5-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, (2S-cis)- N0000006682 Carmustine [Chemical/Ingredient] N,N'-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-N-Nitrosourea 2105 Carmustine Urea, N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitroso- C23716 Carmustine 1,3-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea FIVB C0007257 N0000006684 A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed) D002330 BCNU Carmustine M0003490 Succimer [Chemical/Ingredient] Succimer meso-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid M0006442 N0000006686 Succimer C23720 3446 A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them. Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dimercapto-, (R*,S*)- C0012384 DMSA 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Succimer D004113 Propafenone [Chemical/Ingredient] http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/anda/2000/75203_Propafenone%20Hydrochloride_Prntlbl.pdf D011405 Propafenone 1-Propanone, 1-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy)phenyl)-3-phenyl- M0017736 8754 Propafenone C23732 N0000006692 An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. The drug is generally well tolerated. Propafenone C0033429 Levodopa [Chemical/Ingredient] Levodopa Levodopa N0000006700 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine C0023570 M0012434 6375 D007980 L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine C23748 The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Levodopa L-Dopa Midazolam [Chemical/Ingredient] C0026056 Midazolam Midazolam D008874 6960 N0000006704 M0013843 4H-Imidazo(1,5-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl- C23756 A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH. Midazolam Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone [Chemical/Ingredient] FSH-Releasing Hormone 5-oxoPro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 (human or pig) Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH LFRH A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. LHRH N0000006708 M0012446 C23764 D007987 LH/FSH-RH LH-Releasing Hormone LH-RH 6384 LHFSHRH LHFSH Releasing Hormone Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Gonadoliberin Gonadorelin Gn-RH Luliberin C0023610 LH-FSH Releasing Hormone Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gonadorelin Interferon-alpha [Chemical/Ingredient] Interferon, Leukocyte M0025711 One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways. Interferon, Lymphoblastoid D016898 N0000006710 Interferon-alpha alpha-Interferon Interferon, alpha Interferon-alpha Interferon-alpha Interferon Alfa Interferon, Lymphoblast C23768 541 C0002199 Polyethylene Glycols [Chemical/Ingredient] Polyethylene Glycol Polyethylene Oxide Polyoxyethylenes Polyethyleneoxide Macrogols D011092 M0017182 Polyethylene Glycols C23784 Polyethylene Glycols Polyethylene Glycols N0000006718 C0032483 8516 Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS. Colchicine [Chemical/Ingredient] Acetamide, N-(5,6,7,9-tetrahydro-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxobenzo(a)heptalen-7-yl)-, (S)- A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE). Colchicine Colchicine M0004732 D003078 N0000006724 C0009262 Colchicine 2683 C23796 Itraconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] M0027131 28031 D017964 C0064113 N0000006753 3H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-one, 4-(4-(4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-1-piperazinyl)phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2-(1-methylpropyl)- Itraconazole Itraconazole A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis. Itraconazole C23856 Glutamic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] 25916 N0000006756 L-Glutamic Acid Glutamic Acid A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. M0028010 Glutamic Acid C23862 L-Glutamic acid D018698 C0061472 Glutamic Acid Propylthiouracil [Chemical/Ingredient] C23924 Propylthiouracil C0033511 D011441 4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2,3-dihydro-6-propyl-2-thioxo- 8794 M0017784 Propylthiouracil N0000006787 A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534) 6-Propyl-2-Thiouracil Propylthiouracil Doxorubicin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0006784 N0000006795 D004317 Doxorubicin Doxorubicin Doxorubicin 3639 C23940 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-, (8S-cis)- Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN. C0013089 Etoposide [Chemical/Ingredient] Etoposide Eposide Etoposide Furo(3',4':6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 9-((4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, (5R-(5alpha,5abeta,8aalpha,9beta(R*)))- C23946 M0007930 4179 N0000006798 Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Ethylidine Glucoside D005047 C0015133 Etoposide A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. Penicillamine [Chemical/Ingredient] 7975 N0000006803 D-Penicillamine Mercaptovaline D-Valine, 3-mercapto- Penicillamine M0016122 C0030817 beta,beta-Dimethylcysteine 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease. C23956 D010396 Penicillamine Penicillamine D-3-Mercaptovaline Dimethylcysteine Amino Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002520 M0000922 D000596 Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. C23962 N0000006806 Amino Acids Amino Acids Amino Acids 658 aldesleukin [Chemical/Ingredient] 2-133-Interleukin 2 (human reduced), 125-L-serine- C082598 C0218986 M0220038 C23974 aldesleukin 70223 N0000006812 aldesleukin Aldesleukin Topotecan [Chemical/Ingredient] 9-Dimethylaminomethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Hycamtamine D019772 M0029340 57308 C24014 C0146224 Topotecan N0000006832 Topotecan Topotecan Fatty Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Fatty Acids 4297 Fatty Acids N0000006847 D005227 C24044 C0015684 M0008265 Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Dapsone [Chemical/Ingredient] DADPS Sulfonyldianiline Diaminodiphenylsulfone D003622 A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8) 4,4'-Diaminophenyl Sulfone C0010980 N0000006908 Dapsone Dapsone 3108 M0005661 C24166 Dapsone Diaphenylsulfone Daunorubicin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0005683 3109 Daunorubicin Daunorubicin Rubomycin 5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-, (8S-cis)- D003630 C24212 A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS. N0000006931 Dauno-Rubidomycine Rubidomycin C0011015 Daunorubicin Daunomycin Zidovudine [Chemical/Ingredient] Zidovudine AZT, Antiviral Azidothymidine AZT Antiviral Zidovudine 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine N0000006933 A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. D015215 M0023377 3'-Azido-2',3'-Dideoxythymidine Thymidine, 3'-azido-3'-deoxy- C0043474 C24216 Zidovudine 11413 AZT (Antiviral) Flecainide [Chemical/Ingredient] C24282 4441 Flecainide N0000006966 A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, flecainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients. C0016229 Benzamide, N-(2-piperidinylmethyl)-2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)- Flecainide M0008556 Flecainide D005424 Indomethacin [Chemical/Ingredient] 1H-Indole-3-acetic acid, 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl- C0021246 M0011240 D007213 Indomethacin A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. C24330 Indomethacin 5781 Indometacin Indomethacin N0000006990 Urea [Chemical/Ingredient] C0041942 Urea Urea M0022315 D014508 N0000006999 A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. Carbamide C24348 11002 Urea Flucytosine [Chemical/Ingredient] Flucytosine 4451 A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent. Flucytosine 5-Fluorocytosine M0008576 C24356 C0016278 Flucytosine D005437 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-5-fluoro- N0000007003 Ofloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] C24388 7623 Ofloxacin D015242 Ofloxacin M0023430 A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION. (+/-)-9-Fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7- -oxo-7H-pyrido(1,2,3-de)- -1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid N0000007019 C0028902 Ofloxacin Ofloxacine vinorelbine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007026 M0097344 39541 5'-nor-anhydrovinblastine C0078257 vinorelbine vinorelbine C'-Norvincaleukoblastine, 3',4'-didehydro-4'-deoxy- C24402 C030852 vinorelbine Fentanyl [Chemical/Ingredient] C0015846 D005283 Fentanyl C24408 Propanamide, N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)- M0008338 A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078) Phentanyl 4337 N0000007029 Fentanyl Fentanyl Gemfibrozil [Chemical/Ingredient] C24428 D015248 4719 N0000007039 C0017245 Pentanoic acid, 5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl- Gemfibrozil Gemfibrozil M0023484 Gemfibrosil A lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol. These decreases occur primarily in the VLDL fraction and less frequently in the LDL fraction. Gemfibrozil increases HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 as well as apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Its mechanism of action has not been definitely established. Gemfibrozil Tamoxifen [Chemical/Ingredient] 10324 Tamoxifen C0039286 C24432 Tamoxifen Ethanamine, 2-(4-(1,2-diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethyl-, (Z)- M0021024 N0000007041 D013629 One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM. Tamoxifen Ifosfamide [Chemical/Ingredient] 5657 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, N,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide Iso-Endoxan C24440 Ifosfamide Isophosphamide C0020823 Isofosfamide N0000007045 Iphosphamide Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent. Ifosfamide Ifosfamide D007069 M0010999 Ciprofloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] Ciprofloxacin A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)- D002939 C24442 Ciprofloxacin 2551 N0000007046 M0004498 C0008809 Ciprofloxacin zaleplon [Chemical/Ingredient] Acetamide, N-(3-(3-cyanopyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)-N-ethyl- C0251504 N0000007050 zaleplon C085665 zaleplon zaleplon 74667 C24450 M0227287 N-(3-(3-cyanopyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)-N-ethylacetamide Pravastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0025879 An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES). C0085542 N0000007054 Eptastatin 1-Naphthaleneheptanoic acid, 1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta,delta,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-, (1S-(1alpha(betaS*,deltaS*),2alpha,6alpha,8beta(R*),8aalpha))- Pravastatin Pravastatin Pravastatin C24460 42463 D017035 Cisplatin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0008838 cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) C24476 cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) 2555 cis-Platinum M0004505 Dichlorodiammineplatinum Platinum Diamminodichloride D002945 Cisplatin Cisplatin Platinum, diamminedichloro-, (SP-4-2)- N0000007062 An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Cisplatin Deferoxamine [Chemical/Ingredient] Desferrioxamine B N0000007065 Desferrioxamine Deferrioxamine B Butanediamide, N'-(5-((4-((5-(acetylhydroxyamino)pentyl)amino)-1,4-dioxobutyl)hydroxyamino)pentyl)-N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxy- 3131 D003676 M0005750 Desferioximine C0011145 Deferoxamine Deferoxamine C24482 Desferroxamine Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form. Deferoximine Deferoxamine B Deferoxamine Fructose [Chemical/Ingredient] C24544 Fructose Levulose 4570 A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. Fructose C0016745 M0008855 D005632 Fructose N0000007096 Fluorouracil [Chemical/Ingredient] 5-Fluorouracil 4492 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-fluoro- C24550 5-FU N0000007099 C0016360 Fluorouracil Fluorouracil Fluorouracil Fluoruracil D005472 5FU A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. M0008631 Fluoxetine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007101 Benzenepropanamine, N-methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-, (+-)- D005473 M0008635 Fluoxetine Fluoxetin Fluoxetine Fluoxetine N-Methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine C0016365 C24554 4493 The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants. tizanidine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0146011 M0081344 C24558 5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole C023754 tizanidine tizanidine N0000007103 tizanidine 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazol-4-amine, 5-chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)- 57258 Lovastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] Monacolin K N0000007106 Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-(2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl)-1-naphthalenyl ester, (1S-(1alpha(R*),3alpha,7beta,8beta(2S*,4S*),8abeta))- 6-Methylcompactin 6472 A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver. D008148 C0024027 M0012707 Lovastatin Lovastatin Lovastatin Mevinolin C24564 montelukast [Chemical/Ingredient] C24588 C0298130 C093875 montelukast N0000007118 88249 montelukast montelukast M0247416 Stavudine [Chemical/Ingredient] Stavudine C0164662 2',3'-Didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine Stavudine C24610 D018119 N0000007129 Thymidine, 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy- 2',3'-Didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythmidine D4T A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV. 59763 Stavudine M0027323 Erythromycin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0014806 N0000007133 M0007715 C24618 A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. Erythromycin Erythromycin 4053 Erythromycin A D004917 Erythromycin Paclitaxel [Chemical/Ingredient] 56946 C24658 C0144576 Benzenepropanoic acid, beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxy-, 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester, (2aR-(2aalph A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death. D017239 N0000007153 Paclitaxel M0026156 Paclitaxel Paclitaxel Carboplatin [Chemical/Ingredient] Carboplatin CBDCA Platinum, diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-))-, (SP-4-2)- M0024707 C24680 C0079083 An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity. 40048 Carboplatin Carboplatin D016190 N0000007164 cis-Diammine(cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum II Foscarnet [Chemical/Ingredient] Phosphonoformic Acid M0026166 Foscarnet N0000007166 Phosphinecarboxylic acid, dihydroxy-, oxide Foscarnet Foscarnet An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV. 33562 C24684 C0070895 D017245 Clomipramine [Chemical/Ingredient] 2597 Clomipramine Clomipramine C24716 Chlorimipramine A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine. M0004598 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-propanamine, 3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl- C0009010 N0000007182 Chlomipramine D002997 Clomipramine Vidarabine [Chemical/Ingredient] 11194 Ara-A M0022659 C24724 C0042646 beta-Ara A alpha-Ara A Ara A A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus. 9H-Purin-6-amine, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl- N0000007186 alpha-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine 9-beta-Arabinofuranosyladenine Arabinofuranosyladenine 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine D014740 Adenine Arabinoside Vidarabine Arabinosyladenine Vidarabine Vidarabine Kanamycin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0011917 C24728 Kanamycin C0022487 N0000007188 D-Streptamine, O-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-(6-amino-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4))-2-deoxy- D007612 6099 Kanamycin Kanamycin Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components. Desipramine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007195 Desmethylimipramine Desipramine D003891 Desipramine Desipramine A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors. Demethylimipramine 3247 C0011685 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-propanamine, 10,11-dihydro-N-methyl- M0006074 C24742 Ramipril [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007202 C0072973 A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat. Ramipril Ramipril Ramipril Cyclopenta(b)pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(2-((1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)amino)-1-oxopropyl)octahydro-, (2S-(1(R*(R*)),2alpha,3abeta,6abeta))- C24756 D017257 35296 M0026184 Vinblastine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0022672 Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.) C0042670 D014747 Vincaleukoblastine Vinblastine Vinblastine N0000007206 C24764 11198 Vinblastine Etidronic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] M0020098 Etidronic Acid Etidronic Acid C24784 D012968 (1-hydroxyethylene)diphosphonic acid A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover. 4172 Hydroxyethylidene Diphosphonic Acid C0015121 N0000007216 Iohexol [Chemical/Ingredient] Iohexol Iohexol 350 An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality. N0000007257 C0022005 M0011673 5956 Iohexol Iohexol D007472 1,3-Benzenedicarboxamide, 5-(acetyl(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amino)-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo- C24866 Altretamine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0010310 C24884 C0019453 Altretamine 5296 Altretamine D006585 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexamethyl- Hexamethylmelamine Hemel N0000007266 A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine. Altretamine Iopamidol [Chemical/Ingredient] 1,3-Benzenedicarboxamide, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl)-5-((2-hydroxy-1-oxopropyl)amino)-2,4,6-triiodo- A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures. C0022026 Iopamidol Jopamidol N0000007268 M0011680 D007479 5966 Iopamidol Iopamidol C24888 Acyclovir [Chemical/Ingredient] 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)- M0000326 281 N0000007269 C24890 A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes. Acycloguanosine Aciclovir 9-((2-Hydroxyethoxy)methyl)guanine Acyclovir Acyclovir D000212 C0001367 Acyclovir Sumatriptan [Chemical/Ingredient] http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020080s049lbl.pdf Sumatriptan M0027392 A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS. D018170 1H-Indole-5-methanesulfonamide, 3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl- N0000007273 C24898 Sumatriptan C0075632 3-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-5-methanesulfonamide 37418 Sumatriptan bicalutamide [Chemical/Ingredient] Propanamide, N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-, (+-)- C24904 bicalutamide bicalutamide bicalutamide 83008 M0151653 C0285590 N0000007276 C053541 4'-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3'-(trifluoromethyl)propionanilide clopidogrel [Chemical/Ingredient] C0070166 methyl 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno(3,2-c)pyridin-5-yl)acetate C055162 C24906 clopidogrel clopidogrel M0155432 32968 N0000007277 clopidogrel Hydroxyurea [Chemical/Ingredient] C0020402 M0010790 5552 Hydroxycarbamid D006918 Hydroxyurea An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. Hydroxyurea hydroxyurea Urea, hydroxy- C24938 N0000007293 Nalidixic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/014214s060lbl.pdf N0000007297 1,8-Naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxo- 7240 Nalidixic Acid Nalidixin C0027353 Nalidixic Acid Nalidixic Acid M0014437 C24946 A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE. D009268 Tacrolimus [Chemical/Ingredient] Tacrolimus C24956 15,19-Epoxy-3H-pyrido(2,1-c)(1,4)oxaazacyclotricosine-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)-tetrone, 5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25,26,26a-hexadecahydro-5,19-dihydroxy-3-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)-1-methylethenyl)-14,16-dimethoxy-4,10,12,18-tetramethyl-8-(2-p M0025261 Tacrolimus A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. C0085149 N0000007302 42316 D016559 Tacrolimus Ethambutol [Chemical/Ingredient] 1-Butanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediyldiimino)bis-, (S-(R*,R*))- Ethambutol C24966 D004977 M0007814 An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863) Ethambutol Ethambutol N0000007307 4110 C0014964 Adenine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0000347 290 1H-Purin-6-amine C24970 A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES. N0000007309 Adenine Adenine C0001407 D000225 Vitamin B 4 Adenine Adenine Nucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] M0000352 Adenine Nucleotides N0000007310 D000227 C24972 Adenosine Phosphates C0001413 Adenine Nucleotides 292 Ketoconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Piperazine, 1-acetyl-4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-, cis- C0022625 N0000007319 Ketoconazole Ketoconazole Ketoconazole 6135 C24990 M0011987 D007654 Leuprolide [Chemical/Ingredient] Leuprolide D016729 Leuprolide A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. C0085272 N0000007326 Leuprorelin Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (pig), 6-D-leucine-9-(N-ethyl-L-prolinamide)-10-deglycinamide- 42375 C25004 Leuprolide M0025473 Methimazole [Chemical/Ingredient] Merkazolil C0025644 1-Methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole Methimazole Methymazol D008713 6835 Mercasolyl Methimazole Tiamazol Thiamazole C25030 A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme. 2H-Imidazole-2-thione, 1,3-dihydro-1-methyl- Methylmercaptoimidazole Thimazol Mercazolyl Methimazole N0000007339 M0013573 Cyclosporine [Chemical/Ingredient] Cyclosporin A C0010592 D016572 3008 Cyclosporine Cyclosporine Cyclosporine M0025279 N0000007346 Ciclosporin Cyclosporin Cyclosporine A A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). C25044 zolpidem [Chemical/Ingredient] C0078839 N,N,6-trimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo(1,2a)pyridine-3-acetamide hemitartrate C049109 N0000007347 C25046 M0140872 zolpidem zolpidem zolpidem 39993 Adenosine [Chemical/Ingredient] D000241 M0000377 296 C25062 Adenosine A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. Adenosine Adenosine C0001443 N0000007355 Delavirdine [Chemical/Ingredient] A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Piperazine, 1-(3-((1-methylethyl)amino)-2-pyridinyl)-4-((5-((methylsulfonyl)amino)-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl)- Delavirdine Delavirdine N0000007358 83816 D020008 C25068 C0288165 M0029713 Delavirdine Acetates [Chemical/Ingredient] D000085 M0000125 C25076 N0000007362 166 Salts or esters of acetic acid in which the terminal hydrogen atom is replaced by a metal, for instance copper acetate Cu(CH3COO)2, or where substitution is by a radical, for instance ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed) Acetates Acetates C0000979 dofetilide [Chemical/Ingredient] 1-MSPMPE 49247 1-(4-methanesulfonamidophenoxy)-2-(N-(4-methanesulfonamidophenethyl)-N-methylamine)ethane C25084 C063533 C0114771 dofetilide dofetilide dofetilide N0000007366 M0175350 Methotrexate [Chemical/Ingredient] D008727 M0013595 An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(((2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl)methylamino)benzoyl)- C0025677 N0000007370 C25092 Methotrexate Methotrexate Methotrexate Amethopterin 6851 Saquinavir [Chemical/Ingredient] 83395 M0028681 C25104 D019258 Saquinavir C0286738 N0000007376 Saquinivir Saquinavir Saquinavir An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases. Lamivudine [Chemical/Ingredient] A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease. 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-, (2R-cis)- Lamivudine N0000007380 M0028682 Lamivudine Lamivudine 3TC 2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine C0209738 C25112 D019259 68244 Astemizole [Chemical/Ingredient] A long-acting, non-sedative antihistaminic used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria. The drug is well tolerated and has no anticholinergic side effects. 42328 C25118 D016589 1H-Benzimidazol-2-amine, 1-((4-fluorophenyl)methyl)-N-(1-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-4-piperidinyl)- Astemizole Astemizole Astemizole C0085170 N0000007383 M0025303 Terfenadine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0085173 Terfenadine 1-Piperidinebutanol, alpha-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)- D016593 Terfenadine Terfenadine C25148 42330 Terfenidine N0000007398 M0025307 alpha-(4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl)-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperdinebutanol A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. pantoprazole [Chemical/Ingredient] pantoprazole pantoprazole C0081876 40790 C064276 1H-Benzimidazole, 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-(((3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl)sulfinyl)- pantoprazole C25150 M0177102 N0000007399 Misoprostol [Chemical/Ingredient] A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties. M0025309 C25156 Prost-13-en-1-oic acid, 11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxo-, methyl ester, (11alpha,13E)- C0085174 42331 Misoprostol Misoprostol Misoprostol D016595 N0000007402 Auranofin [Chemical/Ingredient] Auranofin C0004320 Auranofin M0001971 C25164 Auranofin Gold, (1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose 2,3,4,6-tetraacetato-S)(triethylphosphine)- 1227 N0000007406 D001310 An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious. Ritonavir [Chemical/Ingredient] Ritonavir 85762 C0292818 Ritonavir D019438 C25198 M0028918 N0000007423 An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Ritonavir atorvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0286651 83367 C065179 C25208 atorvastatin M0179294 N0000007428 atorvastatin atorvastatin liptonorm Capsaicin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007430 D002211 6-Nonenamide, N-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-8-methyl-, (E)- Capsaicin Capsaicin Capsaicin C0006931 1992 An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS. C25212 M0003308 8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-Nonenamide Capsaicine Ethanol [Chemical/Ingredient] 448 Grain Alcohol C0001962 D000431 Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. N0000007432 M0000653 Alcohol, Ethyl C25216 Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] M0000663 Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) D000438 N0000007439 Alcohols Alcohols Alcohols C25230 455 C0001975 anastrozole [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007441 C090450 anastrazole 84857 anastrozole anastrozole anastrozole C0290883 C25234 M0238999 1,3-Benzenediacetonitrile, alpha,alpha,alpha',alpha'-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)- 2,2'-(5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(2-methylpropionitrile) fluvastatin [Chemical/Ingredient] 41127 fluindostatin M0179302 C0082608 7-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoate fluvastatin fluvastatin fluvastatin C25244 N0000007446 C065180 Norfloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE. Norfloxacin 7517 C0028365 Norfloxacin Norfloxacin 3-Quinolinecarboxylic acid, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)- C25254 D009643 M0014980 N0000007451 Methylergonovine [Chemical/Ingredient] Methylergometrine M0013636 6883 Methylergobasin Methylergonovine C25276 Methylergonovine D008755 C0025760 A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed) Methylergometrin Ergoline-8-carboxamide, 9,10-didehydro-N-(1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl)-6-methyl-, (8beta(S))- N0000007462 Methylergonovine Rifabutin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007464 Ansamycin C25280 Rifabutin 55672 M0026934 Rifabutin C0140575 Rifabutine A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients. Rifamycin XIV, 1',4-didehydro-1-deoxy-1,4-dihydro-5'-(2-methylpropyl)-1-oxo- D017828 Rifabutin Penicillin G [Chemical/Ingredient] C0030827 Penicillin G D010400 A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission. Penicillin G Benzylpenicillin Penicillin G 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)- (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))- M0016133 N0000007468 C25288 7980 Penicillin G Benzathine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007469 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-((phenylacetyl)amino)- (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-, compd. with N,N'-bis(phenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (2:1) M0016138 C0030829 C25290 Penicillin G Benzathine Semisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining the sodium salt of penicillin G with N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine. Benzathine Penicillin D010401 penicillin G benzathine Penicillin G Benzathine 7982 Benzathine Benzylpenicillin Carbamazepine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0003328 An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but some of its actions resemble those of PHENYTOIN; although there is little chemical resemblance between the two compounds, their three-dimensional structure is similar. C25292 5H-Dibenz(b,f)azepine-5-carboxamide 2002 N0000007470 D002220 Carbamazepine C0006949 Carbamazepine Carbamazepine Amino Acids, Essential [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002525 D000601 Amino Acids, Essential M0000927 C25296 N0000007472 Essential Amino Acids 663 Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs. Amino Acids, Essential sildenafil [Chemical/Ingredient] C0529793 C101426 M0265894 sildenafil 136411 N0000007479 sildenafil sildenafil C25310 Buspirone [Chemical/Ingredient] 1827 N0000007480 N-(4-(4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)-1-cyclopentanediacetamide 8-Azaspiro(4.5)decane-7,9-dione, 8-(4-(4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)- C0006462 D002065 An anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the benzodiazepines, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM. Buspirone M0003077 C25312 Buspirone Buspirone Carbolines [Chemical/Ingredient] Carbolines 2030 A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any points of fusion of pyridine with the five-membered ring of indole and any derivatives of these compounds. These are similar to CARBAZOLES which are benzo-indoles. Pyrido(4,3-b)Indoles C25354 N0000007499 C0007007 M0003364 D002243 Carbolines Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Alkaloids C0002062 496 Alkaloids D000470 Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) C25362 M0000713 N0000007503 Oligopeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] 7639 Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids. D009842 Oligopeptides M0015279 Oligopeptides N0000007507 C0028954 C25370 Anilides [Chemical/Ingredient] Anilides N0000007515 C0003035 D000813 842 C25386 M0001214 Anilides Benzamides [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzamides BENZOIC ACID amides. C25396 C0005029 1381 Benzamides M0002327 N0000007520 D001549 Benzamidines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25402 1382 N0000007523 C0005030 Amidines substituted with a benzene group. Benzamidine and its derivatives are known as peptidase inhibitors. Benzamidines Benzamidines M0002328 D001550 Benzazepines [Chemical/Ingredient] M0002330 Benzazepines C0005034 1384 C25404 D001552 N0000007524 Benzazepines Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES. Benzene Derivatives [Chemical/Ingredient] 1387 D001555 C0005037 C25406 Benzene Derivatives Benzene Derivatives N0000007525 M0002333 Phenethylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] D010627 N0000007526 Phenylethylamines Phenethylamines C25408 M0016506 C0031399 A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta- aminoethylbenzene which is structurally and pharmacologically related to amphetamine. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) 8127 Phenethylamines Benzenesulfonates [Chemical/Ingredient] D001557 C25410 N0000007527 Organic salts and esters of benzenesulfonic acid. C0005040 Benzenesulfonates Benzenesulfonates M0002336 1389 Benzhydryl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzhydryl Compounds D001559 Diphenylmethyl Compounds N0000007528 C25412 1392 C0005046 Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed. M0002345 Benzhydryl Compounds Macrolides [Chemical/Ingredient] Macrolides M0028311 Macrolides D018942 A group of macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES and cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, 16) membered lactone. They are often glycosylated. Many of them are ANTIBIOTICS. C25414 N0000007529 586370 C0282563 Anthracyclines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25416 M0028312 D018943 Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine. Anthracyclines N0000007530 C0282564 82158 Anthracyclines Spiro Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007532 M0020345 A group of compounds consisting in part of two rings sharing one carbon atom in common. Spiro Compounds D013141 9993 C0037968 Spiro Compounds C25420 Benzimidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] Compounds with a BENZENE fused to IMIDAZOLES. C0005050 D001562 C25428 M0002348 Benzimidazoles Benzimidazoles 1396 N0000007536 Phenols [Chemical/Ingredient] M0016520 Phenols C25436 8140 C0031428 N0000007540 Phenols Carbol D010636 Anions [Chemical/Ingredient] D000838 C25438 Anions N0000007541 M0001248 C0003075 Anions 853 Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis. Benzodiazepines [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzodiazepine Compounds A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. C0005064 M0002356 1402 Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepine C25440 D001569 Benzodiazepines N0000007542 Benzofurans [Chemical/Ingredient] D001572 C0005068 M0002359 Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. N0000007548 Benzofurans Coumarones 1405 C25452 Benzofurans Phenyl Ethers [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007549 M0016542 C25454 Phenyl Ethers 8154 C0031449 Ethers that are linked to a benzene ring structure. Phenyl Ethers D010647 Benzophenones [Chemical/Ingredient] 1410 Benzophenones C0005077 Benzophenones M0002366 C25460 D001577 N0000007552 Benzopyrans [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzopyrans Benzopyrans M0002367 C0005078 1411 C25462 N0000007553 D001578 Chromenes Compounds with a core of fused benzo-pyran rings. Dihydropyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] Dihydropyridines C25468 N0000007556 C0012315 D004095 M0006414 Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. Dihydropyridines 3427 Triazines [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007561 C0040877 Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES. Triazines 10765 Triazines M0021908 D014227 C25478 Benzyl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzyl Compounds M0002387 C0005103 D001593 C25482 Benzyl Compounds 1428 N0000007563 Pyrazines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034240 Pyrazines 8988 M0018225 N0000007565 C25486 Pyrazines D011719 Triazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] Triazoles D014230 Triazoles N0000007567 M0021911 C25490 C0040880 10768 Oxazolidinones [Chemical/Ingredient] M0361132 C25492 Oxazolidinones Oxazolidinones C0887953 N0000007568 D023303 Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents. 267582 Pyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034255 Pyridines Pyridines D011725 8995 Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES. N0000007570 C25496 M0018233 Anthracenes [Chemical/Ingredient] A group of compounds with three aromatic rings joined in linear arrangement. Anthracenes C25504 C0003163 M0001303 Anthracenes D000873 871 N0000007574 Salicylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] M0019370 C0036080 Derivatives and salts of SALICYLIC ACID. N0000007582 9526 Salicylic Acids Salicylic Acids D012461 C25520 Anthraquinones [Chemical/Ingredient] M0001314 Anthracenediones N0000007583 D000880 Anthraquinones Anthraquinones Compounds based on ANTHRACENES which contains two KETONES in any position. Substitutions can be in any position except on the ketone groups. 879 C25522 Anthranoids C0003174 Biogenic Monoamines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25528 D015306 1565 Biogenic Monoamines M0023566 C0005497 N0000007586 Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids. Monoamines, Biogenic Biogenic Monoamines Pyrimidines [Chemical/Ingredient] Pyrimidines N0000007587 M0018260 C25530 Pyrimidines C0034289 9015 D011743 A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates. Pyrimidinones [Chemical/Ingredient] M0018261 Pyrimidinones N0000007588 9016 C25532 D011744 C0034290 Pyrimidinones Pyrones [Chemical/Ingredient] M0018272 Keto-pyrans. 9028 Pyrones C0034314 C25536 D011753 Pyrones N0000007590 Pyrroles [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034325 Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties. Pyrroles D011758 Pyrroles N0000007592 M0018276 C25540 9033 1-aza-2,4-cyclopentadiene Pyrrolidines [Chemical/Ingredient] 9034 M0018277 D011759 C0034326 Pyrrolidines Pyrrolidines C25542 N0000007593 Triiodobenzoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Triiodobenzoic Acids N0000007599 M0021975 C0041013 D014283 10813 C25556 Triiodobenzoic Acids Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Hexoses [Chemical/Ingredient] D006601 Hexoses M0010338 C0019494 C25568 Hexoses N0000007604 5318 Quinazolines [Chemical/Ingredient] 9064 N0000007605 Quinazolines Quinazolines M0018336 C25570 C0034407 D011799 Quinolones [Chemical/Ingredient] Ketoquinolines C25572 Quinolinones Quinolones Oxoquinolines 9080 N0000007606 D015363 A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID. M0023650 Quinolones C0034428 Interferon Type I, Recombinant [Chemical/Ingredient] C25584 N0000007612 A type I interferon with antiviral and antineoplastic activity produced by recombinant DNA technology. It can be a mixture of alpha and beta interferons. C0021733 5878 Interferon Type I, Recombinant D015379 Interferon Type I, Recombinant M0023692 Interferon Type I [Chemical/Ingredient] Interferon Type I M0011489 C25588 Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA). Interferons Type I 5884 D007370 Type I Interferon N0000007614 Interferon Type I C0021743 Type I Interferons Globulins [Chemical/Ingredient] C25590 C0017649 Globulins D005916 Globulins 4825 M0009293 N0000007615 Thymidine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0040077 D013936 M0021446 C25592 Thymidine N0000007616 10544 Thymidine Ergolines [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007618 C25596 C0014699 Ergolines 4020 M0007652 D004873 A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure. Ergolines Ergonovine [Chemical/Ingredient] Ergobasin N0000007619 C25598 M0007653 Ergonovine C0014704 Ergoline-8-carboxamide, 9,10-didehydro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methyl-, (8beta(S))- Ergometrin Ergonovine 4021 D004874 An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties. Ergometrine Ergonovine Ergot Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Ergot Alkaloids Clavine Alkaloids Ergots Alkaloids originally isolated from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea (Hypocreaceae). They include compounds that are structurally related to ergoline (ERGOLINES) and ergotamine (ERGOTAMINES). Many of the ergot alkaloids act as alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Ergot Alkaloids 4023 C25600 C0014707 M0007656 Ergot Alkaloids N0000007620 D004876 Ergotamines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25602 C0014711 4026 A series of structurally-related alkaloids containing the ergotaman backbone structure. Ergotamines M0007665 N0000007621 D004879 Ergotamines Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Acids M0000220 D000143 230 C0001128 C25612 Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Acids N0000007626 Acids, Acyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] Acyclic Acids Acids, Acyclic Acids, Acyclic M0000221 231 D000144 C0001129 N0000007627 C25614 Carboxylic acids that have open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures. Acids, Carbocyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] Carbocyclic Acids Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon. Acids, Carbocyclic 233 D000146 N0000007628 C25616 M0000223 Acids, Carbocyclic C0001131 Acids, Noncarboxylic [Chemical/Ingredient] D000148 Inorganic acids with a non metal, other than carbon, attached to hydrogen, or an acid radical containing no carbon. 235 N0000007630 C25620 Noncarboxylic Acids Acids, Noncarboxylic Acids, Noncarboxylic M0000225 C0001133 Glucosides [Chemical/Ingredient] M0009358 Glucosides Glucosides 4871 D005960 C0017765 N0000007634 C25628 2-Chloroadenosine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007635 2-Chloroadenosine 2-Chloroadenosine 40 2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system. D015762 C25630 Adenosine, 2-chloro- C0000275 M0024149 Glutamates [Chemical/Ingredient] Glutamates M0009376 C0017789 Glutamates N0000007638 Salts and esters of glutamic acid. D005971 C25636 4883 Lactams [Chemical/Ingredient] C0022914 D007769 Lactams Lactams M0012143 6195 Cyclic AMIDES formed from aminocarboxylic acids by the elimination of water. Lactims are the enol forms of lactams. C25644 N0000007642 Lactones [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007646 M0012175 C0022947 D007783 Lactones C25652 Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure. Large cyclic lactones of over a dozen atoms are MACROLIDES. Lactones 6209 Nitrates [Chemical/Ingredient] Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. C25654 M0014874 Nitrates D009566 7439 C0028125 N0000007647 Nitrates Nitrofurans [Chemical/Ingredient] C25676 7453 Nitrofurans C0028155 D009581 Nitrofurans M0014892 N0000007658 Nitrogen Mustard Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] M0014901 C0028165 Nitrogen Mustard Compounds D009588 7461 A group of alkylating agents derived from mustard gas, with the sulfur replaced by nitrogen. They were formerly used as toxicants and vesicants, but now function as antineoplastic agents. These compounds are also powerful mutagens, teratogens, immunosuppressants, and carcinogens. Nitrogen Mustard Compounds N0000007659 C25678 Polyamines [Chemical/Ingredient] D011073 C25684 M0017151 8495 Polyamines Polyamines N0000007662 C0032433 Nitroimidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007663 C0028179 7468 C25686 D009593 Nitroimidazoles Nitroimidazoles M0014907 Propanolamines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25698 M0017745 Aminopropanols C0033442 D011412 Propanolamines AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the propanolamine (NH2CH2CHOHCH2) group and its derivatives. 8760 N0000007669 Propanolamines Organic Chemicals [Chemical/Ingredient] C25712 Organic Chemicals Organic Chemicals A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form. C0029224 N0000007676 D009930 M0015401 7692 Propiophenones [Chemical/Ingredient] Propiophenones 8780 N0000007679 D011427 M0017764 C25718 C0033483 Propiophenones Amides [Chemical/Ingredient] Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) C0002482 C25722 Amides Amides N0000007681 M0000897 633 D000577 Organometallic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C25726 Organometallic Compounds N0000007683 A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Metallo-Organic Compounds D009942 M0015420 C0029252 Organometallic Compounds 7695 Organophosphorus Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C0029254 N0000007684 Organophosphorus Compounds Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS. M0015421 7696 Organophosphorus Compounds D009943 C25728 Organoplatinum Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007685 C0029255 Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule. 7697 M0015422 Organoplatinum Compounds C25730 D009944 Organoplatinum Compounds Propylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] Propylamines N0000007691 C25742 D011437 Propylamines M0017781 8790 C0033504 Benzoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzoic Acids Benzoic Acids M0029896 C25744 Acids, salts, and derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. 155099 C0600423 N0000007692 D020185 Phosphorus Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007696 C0206451 67101 D017976 C25752 Phosphorus Acids Phosphorus Acids M0027146 Inorganic acids that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Dipeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] Dipeptides 3496 Peptides composed of two amino acid units. M0006502 D004151 C25754 Dipeptides C0012512 N0000007697 Biguanides [Chemical/Ingredient] C25756 C0005382 Biguanides 1532 D001645 N0000007698 M0002471 Biguanides Amino Acids, Cyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] 660 M0000924 N0000007703 C25766 Amino Acids, Cyclic A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure. Cyclic Amino Acids D000598 Amino Acids, Cyclic C0002522 Prostaglandins [Chemical/Ingredient] Prostanoids C25772 N0000007706 8803 Prostaglandins Prostaglandins M0017805 D011453 A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes. C0033554 Diphosphonates [Chemical/Ingredient] Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents. D004164 Bisphosphonates Diphosphonates N0000007707 C25774 C0012544 Diphosphonates 3508 M0006519 Prostaglandins E, Synthetic [Chemical/Ingredient] C25780 N0000007710 M0017811 Prostaglandins E, Synthetic Prostaglandin E Analogs C0033560 Analogs or derivatives of prostaglandins E that do not occur naturally in the body. They do not include the product of the chemical synthesis of hormonal PGE. Prostaglandin E Analogues PGE Synthetic 8809 D011459 Prostaglandins E, Synthetic Synthetic Prostaglandins E Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007714 4299 M0008269 C25788 Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated C0015687 Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position. Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated D005229 Catecholamines [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007715 Catecholamines M0003647 D002395 Sympathins 2146 A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine. C0007412 C25790 Catecholamines Catechols [Chemical/Ingredient] Catechols 2147 Catechols Pyrocatechols M0003648 ortho-Dihydroxybenzenes D002396 C0007413 o-Dihydroxybenzenes C25792 A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2. N0000007716 Fatty Acids, Unsaturated [Chemical/Ingredient] M0008271 Fatty Acids, Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Unsaturated C0015690 C25794 FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. N0000007717 D005231 4302 Fatty Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] M0008274 Fatty Alcohols Fatty Alcohols 4304 C0015694 Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) N0000007718 C25796 D005233 Steroids [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007720 A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) 10072 M0020527 D013256 Steroids C25800 C0038317 Steroids Phosphonoacetic Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007721 8250 C0031681 D010746 C25802 Acetic acid, phosphono- Phosphonoacetic Acid Phosphonoacetic Acid Phosphonacetic Acid M0016688 A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent. Steroids, Fluorinated [Chemical/Ingredient] Fluorinated Steroids Steroids, Fluorinated Steroids, Fluorinated N0000007725 10075 D013259 C25810 Steroids which are substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position. C0038320 M0020530 Biogenic Amines [Chemical/Ingredient] D001679 M0002518 Amines, Biogenic N0000007726 C25812 C0005496 Biogenic Amines 1564 Biogenic Amine Biogenic Amines A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology. Quinidine [Chemical/Ingredient] C25816 An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission. Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (9S)- 9068 Chinidin Quinidine M0018341 N0000007728 Quinidine Quinidine D011802 C0034414 Quinolines [Chemical/Ingredient] D011804 C25822 C0034424 N0000007731 9077 M0018350 Quinolines Quinolines Phosphoramide Mustards [Chemical/Ingredient] C0031692 A group of nitrogen mustard compounds which are substituted with a phosphoramide group or its derivatives. They are usually cytotoxic and used as antineoplastic agents. C25826 Phosphoramide Mustards Phosphoramide Mustards D010752 N0000007733 M0016714 8256 Stilbenes [Chemical/Ingredient] Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group. Stilbenes M0020537 N0000007736 D013267 10081 C25832 C0038333 Stilbenes Quinuclidines [Chemical/Ingredient] Quinuclidines Quinuclidines N0000007740 C0034439 D011812 9086 M0018359 C25840 Phthalimides [Chemical/Ingredient] D010797 8291 Phthalimides The imide of phthalic acids. C25866 C0031785 N0000007753 Phthalimides M0016770 Deoxyadenosines [Chemical/Ingredient] C25882 Deoxyadenosines N0000007761 Adenylyldeoxyribonucleosides Deoxyadenosines Adenine Deoxyribonucleosides C0011476 Adenosine molecules which can be substituted in any position, but are lacking one hydroxyl group in the ribose part of the molecule. M0005990 D003839 3193 Deoxycytidine [Chemical/Ingredient] Cytosine Deoxyribonucleoside C0011485 D003841 Deoxycytidine Cytidine, 2'-deoxy- N0000007762 CDR Cytosine Deoxyriboside M0005997 Deoxycytidine C25884 3195 Deoxyribonucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] C0011528 M0006016 Deoxyribonucleosides N0000007768 A purine or pyrimidine base bonded to DEOXYRIBOSE. D003853 Deoxyribonucleosides C25896 3215 Imidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] Imidazoles D007093 C25898 5684 M0011048 Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES). C0020924 N0000007769 Imidazoles Furans [Chemical/Ingredient] M0008898 Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran. Furans Furans C25910 4600 C0016850 D005663 N0000007775 Vinca Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] C25920 Vinca Alkaloids Vinca Alkaloids C0042672 M0022674 N0000007780 A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. They inhibit polymerization of TUBULIN into MICROTUBULES thus blocking spindle formation and arresting cells in METAPHASE. They are some of the most useful ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. D014748 11200 gamma-Aminobutyric Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] 4-Aminobutanoic Acid N0000007783 The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. D005680 4-Aminobutyric Acid 4617 M0008927 gamma-Aminobutyric Acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid GABA C25926 C0016904 Aminalon Aminalone gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Butanoic acid, 4-amino- Adamantane [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007793 M0000336 287 A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. Adamantane Adamantane C25946 C0001392 Tricyclo(3.3.1.1(3,7))decane Diamantane D000218 Chlorine Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007794 M0026679 Chlorine Compounds Chlorine Compounds, Inorganic C25948 C0206759 D017606 Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule. Chlorine Compounds 67167 Megestrol [Chemical/Ingredient] Megestrol C25950 Megestrol 6703 Pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-hydroxy-6-methyl- 17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione. A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer. M0013296 N0000007795 C0025175 D008535 Megestrol Solanaceous Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Solanum Alkaloids Alkaloids, mainly tropanes, elaborated by plants of the family Solanaceae, including Atropa, Hyoscyamus, Mandragora, Nicotiana, Solanum, etc. Some act as cholinergic antagonists; most are very toxic; many are used medicinally. M0020134 9929 C0037600 C25956 D012991 Solanaceous Alkaloids Solanaceous Alkaloids N0000007798 Ethanolamines [Chemical/Ingredient] Aminoethanols D004983 M0007823 4116 C0014983 Ethanolamines Ethanolamines AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives. N0000007805 C25970 Naphthalenes [Chemical/Ingredient] C0027378 7251 D009281 C25978 N0000007809 M0014459 Naphthalenes Naphthalenes Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics. Nitrosourea Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007812 D009607 Nitrosourea Compounds Nitrosourea Compounds M0014925 C0028210 C25984 7484 Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] C25986 Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic Heterocyclic Cpds, Bicyclic N0000007813 A class of saturated compounds consisting of two rings only, having two or more atoms in common, containing at least one hetero atom, and that take the name of an open chain hydrocarbon containing the same total number of atoms. (From Riguady et al., Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979, p31) D019086 C0282650 Bicyclic Heterocyclic Compounds M0028488 82186 Heterocyclic Bicyclo Compounds Naphthyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007815 C25990 M0014465 C0027392 Naphthyridines Naphthyridines D009287 7257 Polymers [Chemical/Ingredient] C0032521 M0017208 Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS). C26000 N0000007820 8534 Polymers Polymers D011108 Oxazines [Chemical/Ingredient] Oxazines Oxazines C26020 N0000007830 C0030001 Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen. 7783 M0015639 D010078 Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic [Chemical/Ingredient] Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic M0000926 C26024 D000600 N0000007832 Dicarboxylic Amino Acids 662 C0002524 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins C26026 664 N0000007833 Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages. C0002526 D000602 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins M0000928 Oxazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] D010080 M0015641 N0000007835 Oxazoles Oxazoles C26030 1,3-Oxazole Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions. C0030004 7785 Amino Acids, Sulfur [Chemical/Ingredient] Sulfur Amino Acids D000603 M0000929 N0000007836 C26032 Amino Acids, Sulfur 665 C0002527 Amino Acids, Sulfur Amino Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002530 M0000931 Amino Alcohols C26036 667 N0000007838 Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2). D000605 Amino Alcohols Platinum Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007845 C0206135 M0026727 Inorganic compounds which contain platinum as the central atom. C26050 Platinum Compounds, Inorganic D017671 Platinum Compounds Platinum Compounds 67018 Nitrogen Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] D017672 7457 N0000007847 C26054 Nitrogen Compounds Nitrogen Compounds M0026728 Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule. C0028159 Aminoglycosides [Chemical/Ingredient] D000617 Aminoglycosides 678 M0000946 Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS. N0000007853 C26066 Aminoglycosides C0002556 Pentanoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Pentanoic Acids D010421 M0016175 C26072 N0000007856 7999 Pentanoic Acids C0030869 Aminopterin [Chemical/Ingredient] M0000962 692 C0002583 L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(((2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)- A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. Aminopterin D000630 N0000007861 C26082 Aminopterin Butyrophenones [Chemical/Ingredient] C26086 C0006525 Butyrophenones 1856 Compounds containing phenyl-1-butanone. N0000007863 D002090 M0003113 Butyrophenones Peptides [Chemical/Ingredient] 8036 Peptides Peptides M0016238 N0000007874 Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES. C0030956 C26108 D010455 Peptides, Cyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] M0016239 Peptides, Cyclic Peptides, Cyclic Cyclic Peptides C26110 Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL). 8037 N0000007875 D010456 C0030957 Succinic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] D019822 134500 Succinic Acids Succinic Acids C0524962 N0000007876 C26112 A class of dicarboxylic acids with the general structure of butanedioic acid (succinic acid). They are used in perfumery and as a chemical intermediate in medicine. M0029427 Biphenyl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Biphenyl Compounds C26120 C0005580 D001713 Biphenyl Compounds M0002570 N0000007880 1590 Cyclohexanes [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007890 C0010568 Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons. D003510 2989 M0005469 Cyclohexanes C26140 Cyclohexanes Cyclohexanols [Chemical/Ingredient] D003511 C26142 Cyclohexanols N0000007891 Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers. C0010570 2991 M0005471 Cyclohexanols Ribonucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] Ribonucleosides M0019074 Ribonucleosides C0035546 9356 C26148 Nucleosides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed) D012263 N0000007894 Cycloparaffins [Chemical/Ingredient] C26152 Alicyclic hydrocarbons in which three or more of the carbon atoms in each molecule are united in a ring structure and each of the ring carbon atoms is joined to two hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups. The simplest members are cyclopropane (C3H6), cyclobutane (C4H8), cyclohexane (C6H12), and derivatives of these such as methylcyclohexane (C6H11CH3). (From Sax, et al., Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Cyclic Olefins Cycloalkanes D003516 N0000007896 C0010578 Cycloparaffins Cycloparaffins 2997 M0005477 Glycosides [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007897 Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed) C26154 C0017977 M0009500 Glycosides Glycosides D006027 4958 Ribonucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] C0035548 D012265 Ribonucleotides 9358 M0019076 N0000007898 C26156 Nucleotides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed) Ribonucleotides Ribonucleoside Phosphates Cyclosporins [Chemical/Ingredient] D003524 C26166 N0000007903 M0005493 Cyclosporins Cyclosporins C0010594 3009 A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindocarpon lucidum. They have some antineoplastic and antifungal action and significant immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporins have been proposed as adjuvants in tissue and organ transplantation to suppress graft rejection. Cyclosporines 4-Hydroxycoumarins [Chemical/Ingredient] M0023241 N0000007905 4-Hydroxycoumarins 4-Hydroxycoumarins Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants. D015110 82 C0000506 C26170 Rifamycins [Chemical/Ingredient] Rifamycins D012294 Rifamycins Rifomycins 9385 C26184 N0000007911 C0035609 M0019113 A group of ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS characterized by a chromophoric naphthohydroquinone group spanned by an aliphatic bridge not previously found in other known ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS. They have been isolated from fermentation broths of Streptomyces mediterranei. Rifamycins Elements [Chemical/Ingredient] C0013879 3802 Elements M0007227 N0000007912 D004602 Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons. Elements C26186 Cytidine [Chemical/Ingredient] A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE. Cytosine Riboside C0010715 Cytosine Ribonucleoside M0005567 Cytidine Cytidine N0000007916 3042 D003562 C26194 Dihydroxyphenylalanine [Chemical/Ingredient] beta-Hydroxytyrosine 3-Hydroxy-DL-tyrosine M0006754 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine D004295 3627 Dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine N0000007917 DL-Tyrosine, 3-hydroxy- C26196 Dopa A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific. C0013023 Immunoglobulins [Chemical/Ingredient] C0021027 Immunoglobulin N0000007920 D007136 Immunoglobulins Immunoglobulins M0011122 Globulins, Immune Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses. 5720 C26202 Immunoglobulins Immune Globulins Blood Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] C26204 D001798 N0000007921 Blood Proteins Blood Proteins Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins. M0002710 C0005832 1653 Piperazines [Chemical/Ingredient] Piperazines Piperazines C0031958 8341 C26216 N0000007927 D010879 M0016884 Piperidines [Chemical/Ingredient] 8343 A family of hexahydropyridines. C26220 M0016885 Piperidines D010880 C0031960 Piperidines N0000007929 Piperidones [Chemical/Ingredient] M0016886 Piperidones C0031961 N0000007930 Piperidones D010881 C26222 8344 Cytosine [Chemical/Ingredient] C26226 3083 Cytosine N0000007932 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino- C0010843 M0005618 Cytosine A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids. D003596 Terpenes [Chemical/Ingredient] M0021183 Terpenoids Terpenes D013729 A class of compounds composed of repeating 5-carbon units of HEMITERPENES. 10372 C26242 C0039561 Terpenes N0000007940 Indans [Chemical/Ingredient] M0011206 5763 Indans Indans D007189 Aryl CYCLOPENTANES that are a reduced (protonated) form of INDENES. C26250 C0021184 N0000007944 Indenes [Chemical/Ingredient] C26258 C0021188 N0000007947 Indenes D007192 A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins. M0011209 Indenes 5766 Tetrahydronaphthalenes [Chemical/Ingredient] M0021234 10408 Tetralins Tetrahydronaphthalenes Tetrahydronaphthalenes Partially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds. C0039673 N0000007952 D013764 C26268 Uracil [Chemical/Ingredient] Uracil Uracil 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione M0022302 Uracil N0000007953 C26270 10995 D014498 C0041917 Recombinant Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] D011994 Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Biosynthetic Proteins C26276 M0018641 Recombinant Proteins Recombinant Proteins 9218 C0034861 Proteins, Biosynthetic N0000007956 Tetrazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] 10423 N0000007957 Tetrazoles Tetrazoles D013777 M0021253 C26278 C0039703 Nebramycin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007959 M0014531 D009328 7277 C0027521 Nebramycin Nebramycin C26282 A complex of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. Isoquinolines [Chemical/Ingredient] D007546 6056 C26284 C0022248 N0000007960 M0011785 A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Isoquinolines Isoquinolines Dibenzazepines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0012029 Dibenzazepines Dibenzazepines 3331 M0006249 N0000007962 D003984 C26288 Compounds with two BENZENE rings fused to AZEPINES. Dibenzocycloheptenes [Chemical/Ingredient] C26292 A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC). D003986 N0000007964 Dibenzocycloheptenes C0012032 M0006250 Dibenzocycloheptenes 3333 Isoxazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] M0011807 Isoxazoles 1-Oxa-2-azacyclopentadiene C0022266 Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions. N0000007968 C26300 D007555 Isoxazoles 6065 Hydantoins [Chemical/Ingredient] Imidazolidine-2,4-Diones Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS. N0000007970 Hydantoins D006827 C26304 5469 C0020209 M0010672 Hydantoins Dicarboxylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] M0006263 Dicarboxylic Acids Dicarboxylic Acids N0000007971 D003998 C26306 3346 C0012063 Hydrocarbons [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000007973 Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons C0020242 M0010687 D006838 5476 C26310 Hydrocarbons, Halogenated [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Halogenated Hydrocarbons M0010696 D006846 5484 C26318 C0020250 N0000007977 Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydroxamic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] C0020314 A class of weak acids with the general formula R-CONHOH. Hydroxamic Acid N0000007981 C26326 5512 Hydroxamic Acids D006877 M0010739 Hydroxamic Acids Hydroxy Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydroxy Acids 5515 C26330 C0020317 Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals. M0010745 D006880 Hydroxy Acids N0000007983 Hydroxybenzoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] 5518 Hydroxybenzoic Acids Benzoic acid substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring. M0010748 D006883 N0000007984 Hydroxybenzoic Acids C26332 C0020327 Arabinonucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] Nucleosides containing arabinose as their sugar moiety. C26344 1069 Arabinonucleosides N0000007990 Arabinofuranosylnucleosides M0001642 C0003680 D001087 Arabinonucleosides Camptothecin [Chemical/Ingredient] Camptothecin 1953 C0006812 Camptothecine M0003242 1H-Pyrano(3',4':6,7)indolizino(1,2-b)quinoline-3,14(4H,12H)-dione, 4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-, (S)- D002166 Camptothecin C26362 N0000007999 An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity. Pregnadienes [Chemical/Ingredient] C0032959 N0000008001 D011245 Pregnadienes Pregnadienes M0017468 C26366 8642 Pregnane derivatives containing two double bonds anywhere within the ring structures. Pregnadienetriols [Chemical/Ingredient] Trihydroxypregnadienes 8643 C26368 D011246 Pregnadienetriols C0032960 Doubly unsaturated pregnane derivatives substituted with three hydroxy groups anywhere within the ring structure or side chains. M0017469 Pregnadienetriols N0000008002 Ethylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] Ethylamines C26386 N0000008011 C0015069 Ethylamines M0007897 D005021 4146 Androstadienes [Chemical/Ingredient] Androstadienes Androstadienes Derivatives of the steroid androstane having two double bonds at any site in any of the rings. C26388 779 D000730 M0001108 N0000008012 C0002852 Ethylene Glycols [Chemical/Ingredient] 4155 C0015086 Dihydroxyethanes N0000008014 M0007901 Ethanediols D005026 Ethylene Glycols Ethylene Glycols An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze. C26392 Barbiturates [Chemical/Ingredient] Barbiturates A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS. C26396 C0004745 N0000008016 D001463 Barbiturates 1326 M0002177 Androstenes [Chemical/Ingredient] M0001114 C26398 Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in any of the rings. D000736 Androstenes Androstenes N0000008017 C0002862 785 Ethylenediamines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0015093 C26400 M0007904 D005029 4159 Ethylenediamines Ethylenediamines N0000008018 Tosyl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008020 C26404 Toluenesulfonyl Compounds Tosyl Compounds 10656 D014105 C0040493 Tosyl Compounds M0021712 Pregnenediones [Chemical/Ingredient] Diketopregnenes N0000008024 Dioxopregnenes Pregnenediones 8665 C26412 C0033013 Unsaturated pregnane derivatives containing two keto groups on side chains or ring structures. Pregnenediones D011282 M0017514 Pregnenes [Chemical/Ingredient] C26414 8666 N0000008025 C0033014 Unsaturated derivatives of PREGNANES. Pregnenes Pregnenes M0017515 D011283 Sugar Alcohols [Chemical/Ingredient] M0020728 C26422 Alcohols, Sugar Alditols 10163 Sugar Alcohols D013402 C0038654 Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of a sugar to a hydroxyl group.(From Dorland, 28th ed) Sugar Alcohols N0000008029 Pteridines [Chemical/Ingredient] 8929 Pteridines M0018072 N0000008032 Compounds based on pyrazino[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is a pyrimidine fused to a pyrazine, containing four NITROGEN atoms. D011621 Pteridines C26428 Pyrazinopyrimidines C0033991 Pterins [Chemical/Ingredient] C0033992 Compounds based on 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine. C26430 N0000008033 M0018073 Pterins Pterins 8930 D011622 Guanidines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0018320 C26440 N0000008038 A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties. Guanidines Guanidines 5038 M0009678 D006146 Guanine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0009679 5039 C0018321 C26442 6H-Purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,7-dihydro- Guanine Guanine N0000008039 D006147 Sulfhydryl Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Thiols Sulfhydryl Compounds N0000008041 D013438 Sulfhydryl Compounds M0020768 Mercaptans C0038734 C26446 10200 Compounds containing the -SH radical. Mercapto Compounds Dideoxynucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] 3365 C26450 Nucleosides that have two hydroxy groups removed from the sugar moiety. The majority of these compounds have broad-spectrum antiretroviral activity due to their action as antimetabolites. The nucleosides are phosphorylated intracellularly to their 5'-triphosphates and act as chain-terminating inhibitors of viral reverse transcription. Dideoxynucleosides Dideoxynucleosides N0000008043 M0023387 D015224 ddNus C0012136 Sulfonamides [Chemical/Ingredient] 10215 C0038760 C26460 Sulfonamides Sulfonamides M0020790 A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2. Members of this group, also known as sulfa drugs, are derivatives of sulfanilamide, which competitively inhibit folic acid synthesis in microorganisms, and are bacteriostatic. They have been largely supplanted by more effective and less toxic antibiotics. (From Dorland, 28th ed) N0000008048 D013449 Indoles [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008052 Indoles Indoles D007211 M0011238 C26468 Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring. 5779 C0021242 Sulfones [Chemical/Ingredient] C26470 10216 M0020791 Sulfones Sulfones C0038761 N0000008053 D013450 Sulfoxides [Chemical/Ingredient] D013454 Sulfoxides C0038771 C26474 M0020796 N0000008055 Organic compounds that have the general formula R-SO-R. They are obtained by oxidation of mercaptans (analogous to the ketones). (From Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 4th ed) 10222 Sulfoxides Cinchona Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Cinchona Alkaloids Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona. D002930 C26480 N0000008058 2545 M0004487 Cinchona Alkaloids C0008792 Purine Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] Purine Nucleosides Purine Nucleosides 8950 C26486 M0018166 Purines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PURINE NUCLEOTIDES. N0000008061 D011684 C0034136 Purine Nucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] D011685 C0034137 8951 C26488 Purines attached to a RIBOSE and a phosphate that can polymerize to form DNA and RNA. M0018167 Purine Nucleotides Purine Nucleotides N0000008062 Purines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034140 M0018169 C26494 Purines N0000008065 D011687 A series of heterocyclic compounds that are variously substituted in nature and are known also as purine bases. They include ADENINE and GUANINE, constituents of nucleic acids, as well as many alkaloids such as CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism. Purines 8952 Morpholines [Chemical/Ingredient] Tetrahydro-1,4-Oxazines C26510 7058 M0014072 D009025 Morpholines Morpholines C0026561 N0000008073 Heptanoic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] 7-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids. N0000008080 C0019227 Heptanoic Acids M0010246 C26524 5257 Heptanoic Acids D006538 Thiazines [Chemical/Ingredient] M0021332 N0000008085 10467 Thiazines C0039858 D013843 Thiazines C26534 Thiazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] Thiazoles Thiazoles N0000008087 M0021333 D013844 10468 C26538 C0039859 Inosine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0011366 C26544 Inosine C0021528 A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed) D007288 N0000008090 5826 Inosine Heterocyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C0019398 C26554 Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Heterocyclic Compounds 5283 M0010290 D006571 N0000008095 Heterocyclic Compounds Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008096 Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring A class of organic compounds containing three ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic D006575 5286 C26556 M0010294 C0019401 Heterocyclic Cpds, 3 Ring Metals, Heavy [Chemical/Ingredient] C26560 Heavy Metals C0347988 N0000008098 101909 Metals, Heavy Metals, Heavy D019216 M0028622 Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Thiomalates [Chemical/Ingredient] D013870 C26562 N0000008099 Thiomalates C0039914 M0021360 Thiomalates 10489 Thiophenes [Chemical/Ingredient] M0021371 D013876 10496 Thiophenes Thiophenes C0039931 C26570 N0000008103 Thiouracil [Chemical/Ingredient] 10512 4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo- C0039957 Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis. C26576 N0000008106 M0021385 Thiouracil Thiouracil D013889 Ketones [Chemical/Ingredient] C26582 Ketones N0000008109 C0022634 M0011995 Ketones 6141 D007659 Ketoses [Chemical/Ingredient] C0022637 Ketoses N0000008111 M0011999 Ketoses D007661 C26586 Keto Sugars 6143 Propanols [Chemical/Ingredient] Propanols Propanols C26588 C0175804 D020005 Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH). Alcohols, Propyl N0000008112 62221 M0029710 Acetamides [Chemical/Ingredient] C0000968 N0000008113 Acetamides C26590 Acetamides D000081 Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis. 160 M0000113 Acetic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] M0000132 Acetic acid and its derivatives which may be formed by substitution reactions. Mono- and di-substituted, as well as halogenated compounds have been synthesized. Acetic Acids D000088 N0000008114 C26592 C0000985 169 Acetic Acids Neuropeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] 7368 Neuropeptide C26610 Neuropeptides Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells. C0027895 N0000008123 M0014748 Neuropeptides D009479 Carbamates [Chemical/Ingredient] Salts or esters of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH, or of N-substituted carbamic acids: R2NC(=O)OR', (R' = hydrocarbyl or a cation). The esters are often called URETHANE or urethan, a usage that is strictly correct only for the ethyl esters. (From IUPAC [Internet]. International Union Of Pure And Applied Chemistry; c1995 [updated 2004 Jan 9; cited 2004 May 3]. Available from http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/class/oneN.html#35/). C26612 N0000008124 Carbamates Carbamates 2001 D002219 C0006948 M0003327 Arylsulfonates [Chemical/Ingredient] Arylsulfonates Organic sulfonic acid esters or salts which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical. D001190 C26626 1135 Arylsulfonates C0003928 M0001775 N0000008131 Aryl Sulfonates Alkenes [Chemical/Ingredient] Alkenes C26632 500 Alkenes D000475 Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408) Olefins M0000718 N0000008134 C0002068 Carboxylic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] M0003405 D002264 2060 C0007066 N0000008137 Carboxylic Acids Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. C26638 Carboxylic Acids Benzocycloheptenes [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzocycloheptenes Benzocycloheptenes D001567 C0005061 N0000008139 C26642 M0002354 1400 Pyrans [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034234 C26646 Pyrans M0018220 8983 D011714 Pyrans N0000008141 Coumarins [Chemical/Ingredient] Coumarines C0010207 2899 M0005258 C26648 Benzopyran-2-ones 1,2-Benzopyrones Coumarins D003374 1,2-Benzo-Pyrones N0000008142 Coumarins Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid. The various coumarins have a wide range of proposed actions and uses including as ANTICOAGULANTS, pharmaceutical aids, indicators and reagents, photoreactive substances, and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Benzylidene Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Compounds containing the PhCH= radical. N0000008143 D001597 Benzylidene Compounds C0005107 M0002394 1432 Benzylidene Compounds C26650 Pyridazines [Chemical/Ingredient] C26654 C0034250 8993 M0018232 Pyridazines N0000008145 Pyridazines D011724 Pyrimidine Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] Pyrimidine Nucleosides Pyrimidine Nucleosides C26658 D011741 C0034287 9013 Pyrimidines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES. N0000008147 M0018258 Bridged Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] D001952 1740 C26662 M0002922 N0000008149 Bridged Compounds Bridged Compounds Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain multiple rings and share one or more atoms. C0006174 Valerates [Chemical/Ingredient] Pentanoates M0022494 N0000008150 C0042280 Valerates 596715 C26664 Valerates D014631 Mustard Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Strong alkylating and immunosuppressive agents whose biological activity is based on the presence of bis(2-chloroethyl)- groups. Although otherwise structurally diverse, the compounds have in common the capacity to contribute alkyl groups to DNA. They are generally highly toxic but include among their number many widely used and effective antineoplastic agents. D009150 7115 Mustard Compounds C26670 C0026873 N0000008153 M0014270 Mustard Compounds Interferons [Chemical/Ingredient] Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. D007372 N0000008154 Interferon 5886 Interferons Interferons M0011491 C0021747 C26672 Phosphorus Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C26676 Inorganic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. C0206756 67164 D017553 Phosphorus Compounds M0026614 N0000008156 Phosphorus Compounds Nitro Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C0028138 D009574 N0000008159 Nitro Compounds Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES. 7447 C26682 Nitro Compounds M0014885 Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic [Chemical/Ingredient] A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96) C0032458 Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 8504 M0017164 C26692 D011084 N0000008164 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Nitric Acid [Chemical/Ingredient] Nitric Acid Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) N0000008166 Nitric Acid 31835 D017942 M0027104 C26696 Nitric acid C0068808 Amidines [Chemical/Ingredient] 634 D000578 C26698 Amidines Amidines N0000008167 M0000898 C0002483 Amines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0002508 Amines A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) C26700 N0000008168 823705 M0000913 D000588 Amines Bicyclo Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Bicyclo Compounds D001643 M0002469 C26706 C0005378 1530 N0000008171 Bicyclo Compounds Prostaglandins, Synthetic [Chemical/Ingredient] Synthetic Prostaglandins Prostaglandins, Synthetic Prostaglandin Analogs C26712 M0017821 8815 Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis that are analogs or derivatives of naturally occurring prostaglandins and that have similar activity. C0033568 Prostaglandin Analogues D011465 Prostaglandins, Synthetic N0000008174 PG Analogs Fatty Acids, Essential [Chemical/Ingredient] C0015686 Fatty Acids, Essential M0008268 C26714 4298 D005228 Fatty Acids, Essential N0000008175 Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet. Examples are LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS. Fatty Acids, Volatile [Chemical/Ingredient] Fatty Acids, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Volatile C26716 D005232 N0000008176 C0015691 4303 Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans. Fatty Acids, Volatile M0008273 Phosphonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] C26720 M0016684 8248 Phosphonic Acids Phosphonic Acids D010745 Inorganic or organic derivatives of phosphonic acid with the general formula ROP(OH)2 or RP(=O)(OH)2. The tautomeric form of this compound (P(OH)3) is PHOSPHOROUS ACIDS. Nucleoside phosphonates have a phosphate-carbon bond that is more resistant to enzymatic cleavage than the normal phosphate-oxygen bond. N0000008178 C0031679 Quinones [Chemical/Ingredient] C0034435 Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. C26726 N0000008181 D011809 9083 Quinones M0018356 Quinones Biomedical and Dental Materials [Chemical/Ingredient] Biomedical and Dental Materials Biomedical and Dental Materials M0002544 C26728 N0000008182 D001697 Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. C0005538 1580 Hypoxanthines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0020691 N0000008183 Hypoxanthines M0010953 Purine bases related to hypoxanthine, an intermediate product of uric acid synthesis and a breakdown product of adenine catabolism. 5625 C26730 D007042 Hypoxanthines Phthalic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] D010795 M0016768 Phthalic Acids Phthalic Acids C26736 C0031782 8289 N0000008186 A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed) Imides [Chemical/Ingredient] D007094 C26742 M0011049 5685 N0000008189 Imides C0020926 Imides Imines [Chemical/Ingredient] M0011054 Imines Imines C26744 D007097 N0000008190 C0020930 5688 Iodobenzoates [Chemical/Ingredient] Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms. C26754 C0021976 Iodobenzoates M0011655 5941 Iodobenzoates N0000008195 D007463 Ions [Chemical/Ingredient] C26758 M0011678 Ions 5964 D007477 C0022023 N0000008197 Ions An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS. Naphthacenes [Chemical/Ingredient] C0027374 N0000008200 D009279 Polyacenes with four ortho-fused benzene rings in a straight linear arrangement. This group is best known for the subclass called TETRACYCLINES. Naphthacenes 7248 C26764 Naphthacenes M0014457 Tetracenes Benz(b)Anthracenes Ethers [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008201 Ethers Ethers D004987 M0007828 C0014996 4121 C26766 Nitroso Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] M0014921 7481 N0000008203 Nitroso Compounds C0028199 C26770 D009603 Nitroso Compounds Aminobutyric Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008211 M0000940 Aminobutyric Acids Aminobutyric Acids C26786 D000613 C0002545 674 Aliphatic four carbon acids substituted in any position(s) with amino group(s). They are found in most living things. The best known is GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. Butyric Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Butanoic Acids C0006523 D002088 N0000008212 4-carbon acids, salts, and derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Butyric Acids Butyric Acids 1854 M0003111 C26788 Diterpenes [Chemical/Ingredient] Diterpenes Diterpenes Diterpenoids D004224 M0006609 3557 C0012780 N0000008216 Twenty-carbon compounds derived from MEVALONIC ACID or deoxyxylulose phosphate. C26796 Azoles [Chemical/Ingredient] D001393 C0004504 Azoles Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom. N0000008217 M0002083 1269 Azoles C26798 Glycols [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008218 Glycols C26800 A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights. C0017951 M0009479 Glycols 4943 D006018 Toluene [Chemical/Ingredient] C26802 A widely used industrial solvent. 10640 Toluene Toluene M0021638 N0000008219 D014050 C0040383 Benzene, methyl- Immunoproteins [Chemical/Ingredient] Blood proteins whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system. C0021072 N0000008223 Immunoproteins 5744 Immunoproteins M0011167 D007162 C26810 Diamines [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008224 D003959 Organic chemicals which have two amino groups in an aliphatic chain. Diamines Diamines C26812 C0011957 3313 M0006204 Malates [Chemical/Ingredient] D008293 6605 M0012916 C26816 C0024546 N0000008226 Malates Malates Hydrocarbons, Acyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen where no carbon atoms join to form a ring structure. Acyclic Hydrocarbons C26818 C0020243 5477 D006839 Hydrocarbons, Acyclic M0010688 N0000008227 Hydrocarbons, Acyclic Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] C0020244 Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. Three or more carbon atoms are arranged in a cyclic structure and they possess aliphatic properties. D006840 Alicyclic Hydrocarbons N0000008228 Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic C26820 M0010689 5478 Hydrocarbons, Aromatic [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008229 5479 C26822 C0020245 Aromatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons, Aromatic M0010690 Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings. Hydrocarbons, Aromatic D006841 Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] M0015066 N0000008235 7578 Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) C26834 Nucleosides Nucleosides D009705 C0028621 Nucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] Nucleotides Nucleotides The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) D009711 7584 C26836 C0028630 M0015075 N0000008236 Metals [Chemical/Ingredient] Metals C26838 Metals M0013515 C0025552 6797 N0000008237 Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) D008670 Hydroxylamines [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydroxylamines C0020363 D006898 C26840 5535 N0000008238 Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical. M0010767 Hydroxylamines Arachidonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] C0003701 Arachidonic Acids N0000008239 M0001649 Arachidonic Acids C26842 D001095 1077 Androstanes [Chemical/Ingredient] 780 M0001109 N0000008241 C0002854 D000731 Androstanes C26846 Androstanes The family of steroids from which the androgens are derived. Pregnanes [Chemical/Ingredient] Pregnanes M0017507 D011278 8661 Saturated derivatives of the steroid pregnane. The 5-beta series includes PROGESTERONE and related hormones; the 5-alpha series includes forms generally excreted in the urine. Pregnanes C0033006 C26848 N0000008242 Serum Globulins [Chemical/Ingredient] C0036800 All blood proteins except albumin ( = SERUM ALBUMIN, which is not a globulin) and FIBRINOGEN (which is not in the serum). The serum globulins are subdivided into ALPHA-GLOBULINS; BETA-GLOBULINS; and GAMMA-GLOBULINS on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities. (From Dorland, 28th ed) D012712 N0000008244 Serum Globulins 9701 M0019698 C26852 Serum Globulins Sulfonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical. Sulfonic Acids 10217 M0020792 N0000008245 C26854 D013451 Sulfonic Acids C0038762 Sulfur Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Inorganic or organic acids that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule. C0038775 Sulfur Acids D013456 10224 N0000008248 Sulfur Acids C26860 M0020798 Sulfur Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule. M0020800 Sulfur Compounds 10225 C26862 N0000008249 Sulfur Compounds D013457 C0038776 Monosaccharides [Chemical/Ingredient] Monosaccharides Monosaccharides N0000008250 C0026492 M0014043 7044 D009005 C26864 Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Purinones [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008251 D011688 Purinones M0018170 Purinones 8953 C0034142 C26866 Oxopurines Boron Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] D001896 C26870 Boron Compounds C0006031 Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule. 1706 Boron Compounds M0002832 N0000008253 Inorganic Chemicals [Chemical/Ingredient] A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class. D007287 C0021521 N0000008257 M0011365 Inorganic Chemicals C26878 5824 Inorganic Chemicals Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] C26880 D006572 5288 A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms. Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring Bridged-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds M0010291 C0019403 N0000008258 Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] Heterocyclic Cpds, 1-Ring C0019399 A class of organic compounds containing a ring structure made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The ring structure can be aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring 5284 D006573 N0000008259 C26882 Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring M0010292 Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring [Chemical/Ingredient] C26884 A class of organic compounds containing two ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring D006574 5285 N0000008260 M0010293 C0019400 Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings [Chemical/Ingredient] C0019402 Heterocyclic Cpds, 4 or More Rings N0000008261 D006576 5287 A class of organic compounds containing four or more ring structures, one of which is made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The heterocycle may be either aromatic or nonaromatic. Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings C26886 M0010295 Nerve Tissue Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000008263 Nerve Tissue Proteins Nerve Tissue Proteins 7331 C0027759 C26892 M0014664 D009419 Hexanols [Chemical/Ingredient] D000441 M0000666 N0000008268 Alcohols, Hexyl 458 C0001978 Hexanols Hexanols Isomeric forms and derivatives of hexanol (C6H11OH). Hydroxyhexanes C26902 Eicosanoids [Chemical/Ingredient] 3773 M0024172 D015777 Eicosanoids A class of compounds named after and generally derived from C20 fatty acids (EICOSANOIC ACIDS) that includes PROSTAGLANDINS; LEUKOTRIENES; THROMBOXANES, and HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACIDS. They have hormone-like effects mediated by specialized receptors (RECEPTORS, EICOSANOID). C0013725 N0000008271 C26908 Icosanoids Eicosanoids Electrolytes [Chemical/Ingredient] Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) C26910 C0013832 M0007189 Electrolytes N0000008272 D004573 3793 Electrolytes Hydrocarbons, Cyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen forming a closed ring that may be either alicyclic or aromatic. 5482 Hydrocarbons, Cyclic Cyclic Hydrocarbons C0020248 Hydrocarbons, Cyclic D006844 M0010694 N0000008280 C26926 Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides [Chemical/Ingredient] D009706 C26930 Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges). Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides 7579 N0000008282 C0028622 Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides M0015067 Arylsulfonic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] C26932 Arylsulfonic Acids Arylsulfonic Acids N0000008283 C0206192 Organic sulfonic acid derivatives which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical. D017739 M0026806 67027 Membrane Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] Membrane Proteins D008565 M0013341 Membrane Proteins Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors. C26938 Membrane Protein Membrane-Associated Proteins C0025252 6725 N0000008286 Surface Proteins Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors [MoA] C2757001 Cyclooxygenase II Inhibitors COX-2 Inhibitors C26942 Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors N0000008288 993136 Acetylcholine Activity Alteration [PE] Acetylcholine Activity Alteration 988978 C26946 N0000008290 C1371273 Adrenal Cortical Activity Alteration [PE] C1371274 Adrenal Cortical Activity Alteration 985815 C26948 N0000008291 Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] C26962 C1371490 986283 N0000008298 Arterial Vasoconstriction Arterial Vasodilation [PE] Arterial Vasodilation C1371278 984618 N0000008299 C26964 Atrial Repolarization [PE] N0000008303 Atrial Repolarization 1032452 C1371280 C26972 Blood & Lymphatic Fluid Function Alteration [PE] C1371289 Blood & Lymphatic Fluid Function Alteration 988284 N0000008307 C26980 Bone Alteration [PE] 985816 C1371288 N0000008308 C26982 Bone Alteration Bone Resorption Alteration [PE] N0000008312 989245 Bone Resorption Alteration C1371284 C26990 Bone Resorption Inhibition [PE] C1371283 C26992 985477 N0000008313 Bone Resorption Inhibition Bronchial Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] Bronchial Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration C1371300 C27006 N0000008320 988934 Bronchodilation [PE] C1371299 Bronchodilation N0000008322 1034280 C27010 Carbohydrate Metabolism Alteration [PE] C1371294 Carbohydrate Metabolism Alteration N0000008327 1033881 C27020 Cardiac Contractility Alteration [PE] 986415 N0000008328 C27022 C1371293 Cardiac Contractility Alteration Cardiac Rate Alteration [PE] Cardiac Rate Alteration C2825066 985479 N0000008329 C27024 Cardiac Rhythm Alteration [PE] C27026 Cardiac Rhythm Alteration N0000008330 988420 C1371292 Cardiovascular Activity Alteration [PE] C27028 988145 C1371291 N0000008331 Cardiovascular Activity Alteration Cell Glucose Transport Alteration [PE] 985190 Cell Glucose Transport Alteration N0000008333 C1371486 C27032 Cell Membrane Alteration [PE] N0000008334 1031394 C0544958 C27034 Cell Membrane Alteration Cell Wall Alteration [PE] 989278 C1371484 N0000008336 Cell Wall Alteration C27038 Cellular Activity Alteration [PE] Cellular Activity Alteration N0000008337 985006 C1371483 C27040 Cellular Cycle Alteration [PE] N0000008339 C27044 990947 C1371481 Cellular Cycle Alteration Cellular Death Alteration [PE] N0000008340 Cellular Death Alteration C1371480 985191 C27046 Cellular Degradation/Digestion Alteration [PE] Cellular Degradation/Digestion Alteration C1371479 990545 C27048 N0000008341 Cellular Division Phase Alteration [PE] 985659 N0000008342 C27050 C1371478 Cellular Division Phase Alteration Cellular Growth Phase Alteration [PE] C27052 Cellular Growth Phase Alteration C1371477 987428 N0000008343 Cellular Growth Phase Arrest [PE] 986074 Cellular Growth Phase Arrest N0000008344 C1371476 C27054 Cellular Motion Alteration [PE] 988013 C1371475 N0000008345 C27056 Cellular Motion Alteration Cellular Structure Alteration [PE] C27058 C1371474 N0000008346 990421 Cellular Structure Alteration Cellular Synthetic Activity Alteration [PE] C27060 C1371473 N0000008347 Cellular Synthetic Activity Alteration 989470 Cellular Synthetic Phase Alteration [PE] N0000008348 Cellular Synthetic Phase Alteration 985868 C1371314 C27062 Cellular Synthetic Phase Arrest [PE] N0000008349 C27064 Cellular Synthetic Phase Arrest C1371313 987568 Cellular Transport Alteration [PE] C27066 C1371312 N0000008350 985278 Cellular Transport Alteration Cerebral Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] 990151 N0000008351 Cerebral Arterial Vasoconstriction C1371311 C27068 Cervical Dilation Alteration [PE] C27072 N0000008353 C1371309 Cervical Dilation Alteration 984821 Cervical Function Alteration [PE] C27074 1027593 Cervical Function Alteration C1371308 N0000008354 Cholesterol Metabolism Alteration [PE] 988014 C27086 N0000008360 Cholesterol Metabolism Alteration C1371469 Cholesterol Synthesis Alteration [PE] C27088 N0000008361 C1371468 Cholesterol Synthesis Alteration 988147 Coagulation Factor Activity Alteration [PE] Coagulation Factor Activity Alteration N0000008362 C27090 985279 C1371467 Coagulation Factor Alteration [PE] C1371466 N0000008363 1027093 C27092 Coagulation Factor Alteration Coronary Arterial Vasodilation [PE] 990108 C27116 Coronary Arterial Vasodilation N0000008375 C1371463 DNA Integrity Alteration [PE] N0000008379 C27124 C1371459 DNA Integrity Alteration 984969 DNA Replication Alteration [PE] 985410 N0000008380 C27126 DNA Replication Alteration C1371458 Decreased Adhesion Factor Activity [PE] 989982 Decreased Adhesion Factor Activity C1371329 C27134 N0000008384 Decreased Bradykinin Degradation [PE] N0000008423 C1371406 989574 C27212 Decreased Bradykinin Degradation Decreased Brain Stem Organized Electrical Activity [PE] N0000008445 986371 C1371384 C27256 Decreased Brain Stem Organized Electrical Activity Decreased Brain Stem Substance P Activity [PE] C27260 Decreased Brain Stem Substance P Activity C1371382 N0000008447 990316 Decreased Cell Membrane Integrity [PE] Decreased Cell Membrane Integrity N0000008476 C27318 989770 C1371353 Decreased Cell Membrane Synthesis & Repair [PE] C1371352 989287 C27320 N0000008477 Decreased Cell Membrane Synthesis & Repair Decreased Cell Wall Integrity [PE] 985663 Decreased Cell Wall Integrity N0000008478 C1371351 C27322 Decreased Cell Wall Synthesis & Repair [PE] C1371350 C27324 Decreased Cell Wall Synthesis & Repair N0000008479 989288 Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity [PE] 990318 Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity N0000008486 C27338 C1371343 Decreased Central Nervous System Glutamate Activity [PE] C1371435 C27354 988724 Decreased Central Nervous System Glutamate Activity N0000008494 Decreased Central Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] C27368 987431 N0000008501 Decreased Central Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity C1371428 Decreased Central Nervous System Substance P Activity [PE] 984622 C27372 N0000008503 Decreased Central Nervous System Substance P Activity C1371426 Decreased Cholesterol Synthesis [PE] C1371532 N0000008555 987433 C27476 Decreased Cholesterol Synthesis Decreased Complement Activity [PE] C27502 Decreased Complement Activity N0000008568 990113 C1371545 Decreased Complement Production [PE] N0000008570 C27506 Decreased Complement Production C1371547 984976 Decreased Cytokine Activity [PE] C1371548 989703 N0000008571 Decreased Cytokine Activity C27508 Decreased Cytokine Production [PE] N0000008573 C27512 984977 C1371550 Decreased Cytokine Production Decreased DNA Integrity [PE] N0000008576 C1371553 C27518 Decreased DNA Integrity 990547 Decreased DNA Replication [PE] 989476 C1371554 Decreased DNA Replication N0000008577 C27520 Decreased Disorganized Electrical Activity [PE] N0000008578 C1371555 C27522 986372 Decreased Disorganized Electrical Activity Decreased Dopamine Activity [PE] C1371565 C27542 Decreased Dopamine Activity N0000008588 988292 Decreased Eicosanoid Activity [PE] C27546 N0000008590 Decreased Eicosanoid Activity C1371567 984625 Decreased Eicosanoid Production [PE] N0000008592 986162 Decreased Eicosanoid Production C27550 C1371569 Decreased Enteric Nervous System Serotonin Activity [PE] N0000008620 C27606 989990 Decreased Enteric Nervous System Serotonin Activity C1371630 Decreased Glucocorticoid Secretion [PE] Decreased Glucocorticoid Secretion N0000008645 C1371655 988098 C27656 Decreased Gluconeogenesis [PE] C27658 C1371656 984462 N0000008646 Decreased Gluconeogenesis Decreased Glutamate Activity [PE] C27662 C1371658 N0000008648 Decreased Glutamate Activity 986374 Decreased Glycogenesis [PE] N0000008650 988432 Decreased Glycogenesis C27666 C1371660 Decreased Hematopoiesis [PE] 989826 N0000008656 Decreased Hematopoiesis C27678 C2825067 Decreased Histamine Activity [PE] C1371666 990635 C27680 Decreased Histamine Activity N0000008657 Decreased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Activity [PE] C27686 986941 Decreased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Activity N0000008660 C1371669 Decreased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Degradation [PE] N0000008661 986196 C27688 Decreased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Degradation C1371670 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Activity [PE] C1371672 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Activity 988758 C27692 N0000008663 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation [PE] Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation N0000008664 986197 C27694 C1371673 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Production [PE] C27696 C1371674 N0000008665 987036 Decreased Immunologically Active Molecule Production Decreased Intravascular Volume [PE] Decreased Intravascular Volume N0000008669 988730 C27704 C1371678 Decreased Iodine Organification [PE] C27706 N0000008670 C1371679 Decreased Iodine Organification 987435 Decreased Kinin Activity [PE] N0000008675 C27716 C1371683 Decreased Kinin Activity 986942 Decreased Kinin Degradation [PE] C1371684 C27718 987233 N0000008676 Decreased Kinin Degradation Decreased Leukotriene Activity [PE] N0000008681 C27728 Decreased Leukotriene Activity C1371689 987436 Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Activity [PE] Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Activity C1371692 988099 N0000008684 C27734 Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Production [PE] C27738 N0000008686 984433 C1371694 Decreased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Production Decreased Lymphocyte Cell Production [PE] Decreased Lymphocyte Cell Production N0000008699 C1371707 990429 C27764 Decreased Lysosomal Function [PE] Decreased Lysosomal Function N0000008700 C1371708 989775 C27766 Decreased Mineralocorticoid Secretion [PE] 985529 Decreased Mineralocorticoid Secretion C27828 N0000008731 C1371739 Decreased Mitosis [PE] C1371740 Decreased Mitosis N0000008732 C27830 985016 Decreased Myeloid Cell Production [PE] 984684 Decreased Myeloid Cell Production N0000008759 C27884 C1371767 Decreased Norepinephrine Activity [PE] Decreased Norepinephrine Activity C27894 C2267200 989127 N0000008764 Decreased Organized Electrical Activity [PE] C1371776 987290 Decreased Organized Electrical Activity N0000008768 C27902 Decreased Ovarian Estrogen Secretion [PE] N0000008769 Decreased Ovarian Estrogen Secretion C27904 C1371777 985018 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity C28008 989609 N0000008821 C1371829 Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Serotonin Activity [PE] Decreased Peripheral Nervous System Serotonin Activity N0000008822 C28010 989610 C1371830 Decreased Phagocytosis [PE] C1371834 Decreased Phagocytosis 985284 C28018 N0000008826 Decreased Platelet Aggregation [PE] C28030 Decreased Platelet Aggregation C0855739 989580 N0000008832 Decreased Prostaglandin Activity [PE] 984465 C1371841 N0000008834 C28034 Decreased Prostaglandin Activity Decreased Prostaglandin Production [PE] Decreased Prostaglandin Production C28038 N0000008836 987922 C1371843 Decreased Protein Breakdown [PE] C1371846 984986 Decreased Protein Breakdown N0000008839 C28044 Decreased Protein Modification [PE] C28046 990166 N0000008840 C1371847 Decreased Protein Modification Decreased Protein Synthesis [PE] N0000008841 C1371848 987293 C28048 Decreased Protein Synthesis Decreased RNA Integrity [PE] N0000008852 C28070 988443 C1371859 Decreased RNA Integrity Decreased RNA Replication [PE] C1371860 985312 N0000008853 Decreased RNA Replication C28072 Decreased Renal Ion Excretion [PE] C28082 988472 N0000008858 C1371865 Decreased Renal Ion Excretion Decreased Renal K+ Excretion [PE] C1371866 C28084 Decreased Renal K+ Excretion 987923 N0000008859 Decreased Reverse Transcription to DNA [PE] N0000008869 Decreased Reverse Transcription to DNA C28104 C1371876 988941 Decreased Sensory-Somatic Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity [PE] 990252 Decreased Sensory-Somatic Nervous System Organized Electrical Activity C1371896 N0000008889 C28144 Decreased Serotonin Activity [PE] N0000008893 990122 C1371900 C28152 Decreased Serotonin Activity Decreased Serotonin Degradation [PE] N0000008894 Decreased Serotonin Degradation C28154 C1371901 989582 Decreased Striated Muscle Contraction [PE] 987443 C28272 C1371959 N0000008953 Decreased Striated Muscle Contraction Decreased Substance P Activity [PE] Decreased Substance P Activity C28312 C1371979 N0000008973 987042 Decreased T Lymphocyte Production [PE] Decreased T Lymphocyte Production C1372004 986572 C28362 N0000008998 Decreased Testosterone Secretion [PE] C28370 N0000009002 C1372008 Decreased Testosterone Secretion 988479 Decreased Thromboxane Activity [PE] C1372010 986734 Decreased Thromboxane Activity N0000009004 C28374 Decreased Thromboxane Production [PE] C28378 987590 Decreased Thromboxane Production C1372012 N0000009006 Decreased Thyroid Hormone Iodination [PE] C28380 C1372013 990124 N0000009007 Decreased Thyroid Hormone Iodination Decreased Ventilatory Gas Flow [PE] N0000009019 985118 C28404 Decreased Ventilatory Gas Flow C1372025 Dermatologic Activity Alteration [PE] C28406 Dermatologic Activity Alteration C1372026 984838 N0000009020 Digestive/GI System Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009022 990045 Digestive/GI System Activity Alteration C28410 C1372028 Disorganized Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] 987926 C28414 N0000009024 C1372030 Disorganized Electrical Activity Alteration Dopamine Activity Alteration [PE] 986437 Dopamine Activity Alteration C1372031 C28416 N0000009025 Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009027 C1372033 C28420 Electrical Activity Alteration 985119 Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] 990694 N0000009036 C1372041 C28438 Endocrine Activity Alteration Female Reproductive System Activity Alteration [PE] Female Reproductive System Activity Alteration C28454 C1372049 985744 N0000009044 Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009053 C1372058 Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Activity Alteration 985029 C28472 Gastric Acid Alteration [PE] Gastric Acid Alteration 986779 N0000009054 C1372059 C28474 Generalized Systemic Effects [PE] C1372062 C28480 N0000009057 990172 Generalized Systemic Effects Glucose Metabolism Alteration [PE] 986438 C1382395 N0000009061 Glucose Metabolism Alteration C28488 Glutamate Activity Alteration [PE] C1372066 N0000009062 Glutamate Activity Alteration 986009 C28490 Glycogen Metabolism Alteration [PE] N0000009064 C1372068 988106 C28494 Glycogen Metabolism Alteration Hematologic Activity Alteration [PE] 986633 Hematologic Activity Alteration N0000009065 C1372069 C28496 Hematological Cell Destruction Alteration [PE] C28498 Hematological Cell Destruction Alteration 987239 N0000009066 C1372070 Hematological Cell Quantity Alteration [PE] C1372071 N0000009067 Hematological Cell Quantity Alteration 989409 C28500 Hematopoiesis Alteration [PE] C1372072 Hematopoiesis Alteration N0000009068 988943 C28502 Hemic/Lymphatic Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009069 C28504 C1372073 990696 Hemic/Lymphatic Activity Alteration Hemostasis Alteration [PE] C1372074 N0000009070 Hemostasis Alteration C28506 989781 Histamine Activity Alteration [PE] 989587 N0000009071 C1372075 Histamine Activity Alteration C28508 Hypothalamic Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009072 C1372076 989001 C28510 Hypothalamic Endocrine Activity Alteration Immunologic Activity Alteration [PE] C1372077 C28512 N0000009073 990814 Immunologic Activity Alteration Immunologically Active Molecule Activity Alteration [PE] Immunologically Active Molecule Activity Alteration C28514 C1372078 985286 N0000009074 Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation Alteration [PE] N0000009075 989847 C1372079 Immunologically Active Molecule Degradation Alteration C28516 Immunologically Active Molecule Production Alteration [PE] C1372080 C28518 Immunologically Active Molecule Production Alteration 989133 N0000009076 Increased Acetylcholine Activity [PE] C1372083 990467 N0000009079 Increased Acetylcholine Activity C28524 Increased Adhesion Factor Production [PE] Increased Adhesion Factor Production N0000009082 C28530 C1372086 990435 Increased Brain Stem Serotonin Activity [PE] 987892 C28650 Increased Brain Stem Serotonin Activity N0000009142 C1372146 Increased Cellular Death [PE] C1372180 Increased Cellular Death N0000009176 988110 C28718 Increased Central Nervous System Acetylcholine Activity [PE] Increased Central Nervous System Acetylcholine Activity C28722 988310 N0000009178 C1372182 Increased Central Nervous System Dopamine Activity [PE] N0000009183 C28732 Increased Central Nervous System Dopamine Activity 987895 C1372187 Increased Central Nervous System Norepinephrine Activity [PE] Increased Central Nervous System Norepinephrine Activity C1372200 C28758 N0000009196 990469 Increased Central Nervous System Serotonin Activity [PE] C28762 C1372202 984445 N0000009198 Increased Central Nervous System Serotonin Activity Increased Cervical Dilation [PE] N0000009247 C1372251 Increased Cervical Dilation 984846 C28860 Increased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE] N0000009252 C1372256 C28870 985543 Increased Coagulation Factor Activity Increased Cytokine Activity [PE] 984447 C1372271 Increased Cytokine Activity N0000009267 C28900 Increased Cytokine Production [PE] C1372273 C28904 N0000009269 986583 Increased Cytokine Production Increased Distal Tubule H+ Excretion [PE] C1372279 989312 C28916 N0000009275 Increased Distal Tubule H+ Excretion Increased Distal Tubule K+ Excretion [PE] N0000009277 Increased Distal Tubule K+ Excretion C28920 C1372281 984847 Increased Distal Tubule Na+ Excretion [PE] Increased Distal Tubule Na+ Excretion 987639 C1372283 N0000009279 C28924 Increased Dopamine Activity [PE] Increased Dopamine Activity 989313 C1372286 N0000009282 C28930 Increased Eicosanoid Activity [PE] C28934 N0000009284 988949 Increased Eicosanoid Activity C1372288 Increased GABA Activity [PE] 989591 C29016 N0000009325 Increased GABA Activity C1372329 Increased Glucose Transport into Cells [PE] Increased Glucose Transport into Cells C1372343 N0000009341 988953 C29048 Increased Hematological Cell Destruction [PE] 985291 N0000009349 C29064 C1372350 Increased Hematological Cell Destruction Increased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Activity [PE] Increased Immunologically Active Biogenic Amine Activity 986022 C29074 N0000009354 C1372354 Increased Immunologically Active Molecule Activity [PE] N0000009357 C1372357 989011 Increased Immunologically Active Molecule Activity C29080 Increased Immunologically Active Molecule Production [PE] C29084 984906 Increased Immunologically Active Molecule Production N0000009359 C1372359 Increased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Activity [PE] C1372375 987936 C29118 N0000009376 Increased Lipid Derived Immunologically Active Molecule Activity Increased Lymphocyte Cell Destruction [PE] Increased Lymphocyte Cell Destruction C29146 C1372389 N0000009390 985905 Increased Norepinephrine Activity [PE] C1372455 C29278 Increased Norepinephrine Activity N0000009456 985294 Increased Prostaglandin Activity [PE] N0000009526 Increased Prostaglandin Activity C29418 987452 C1372524 Increased Protein Breakdown [PE] N0000009531 C29428 C1372529 Increased Protein Breakdown 988785 Increased Renal H+ Excretion [PE] N0000009548 C29462 C1372546 989634 Increased Renal H+ Excretion Increased Renal Ion Excretion [PE] C1372548 Increased Renal Ion Excretion C29466 989861 N0000009550 Increased Renal K+ Excretion [PE] N0000009551 986593 Increased Renal K+ Excretion C1372549 C29468 Increased Renal Na+ Excretion [PE] 986790 N0000009553 C29472 Increased Renal Na+ Excretion C1372551 Increased Serotonin Activity [PE] Increased Serotonin Activity C29536 C1372583 N0000009585 985916 Increased T Lymphocyte Destruction [PE] C1372687 Increased T Lymphocyte Destruction N0000009689 990657 C29744 Increased Testosterone Secretion [PE] Increased Testosterone Secretion C1372692 C29754 987255 N0000009694 Inhibition Gastric Acid Secretion [PE] C29814 C1372721 N0000009724 1030557 Inhibition Gastric Acid Secretion Intravascular Volume Alteration [PE] C1372729 C29830 Intravascular Volume Alteration 987907 N0000009732 Iodine Organification Alteration [PE] N0000009733 984704 C29832 Iodine Organification Alteration C1372730 Lipid Metabolism Alteration [PE] N0000009739 987514 C29844 Lipid Metabolism Alteration C0548934 Lysosomal Function Alteration [PE] Lysosomal Function Alteration C1372737 988749 N0000009741 C29848 Metabolic Activity Alteration [PE] C1372744 N0000009748 990190 Metabolic Activity Alteration C29862 Mitosis Alteration [PE] 988121 C29866 Mitosis Alteration N0000009750 C1372746 Musculoskeletal Activity Alteration [PE] C1372751 N0000009755 C29876 Musculoskeletal Activity Alteration 985711 Negative Chronotropy [PE] N0000009756 Negative Chronotropy C1372752 986396 C29878 Negative Inotropy [PE] N0000009757 C29880 990886 C1372753 Negative Inotropy Nervous System Activity Alteration [PE] C2916815 Nervous System Activity Alteration C29884 987311 N0000009759 Neurotransmitter & Neuromuscular Transmitter Activity Alteration [PE] C29888 Neurotransmitter & Neuromuscular Transmitter Activity Alteration N0000009761 C1372757 989639 Norepinephrine Activity Alteration [PE] 985713 C29896 Norepinephrine Activity Alteration C1372761 N0000009765 Nucleic Acid Replication Alteration [PE] C1372762 989424 N0000009766 Nucleic Acid Replication Alteration C29898 Nucleic Acid Transcription Alteration [PE] N0000009767 C1372763 C29900 Nucleic Acid Transcription Alteration 984912 Organ System Specific Effects [PE] N0000009770 C29906 Organ System Specific Effects 985923 C1372766 Organized Electrical Activity Alteration [PE] Organized Electrical Activity Alteration 988792 N0000009774 C29914 C1372770 Ovarian Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] C1372773 N0000009777 985043 Ovarian Endocrine Activity Alteration C29920 Ovarian Function Alteration [PE] C29924 986398 N0000009779 Ovarian Function Alteration C1372775 Ovulation Alteration [PE] N0000009781 990274 C29928 Ovulation Alteration C1372777 Penile Venous Vasodilation [PE] N0000009798 C1372794 988321 C29962 Penile Venous Vasodilation Phagocytosis Alteration [PE] N0000009800 C1372796 C29966 985352 Phagocytosis Alteration Photosensitizing Activity [PE] Photosensitizing Activity C29968 N0000009801 C1372797 984179 Physiological Effects [PE] C1372798 N0000009802 C29970 Physiological Effects 984490 Pituitary Gland Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009805 Pituitary Gland Activity Alteration C29976 C1372801 986891 Platelet Aggregation Alteration [PE] C1372803 1030000 C29980 N0000009807 Platelet Aggregation Alteration Post Translation Protein Modification Alteration [PE] C1372806 N0000009810 989327 Post Translation Protein Modification Alteration C29986 Protein Degradation Alteration [PE] 985131 C1372810 N0000009814 Protein Degradation Alteration C29994 RNA Integrity Alteration [PE] 990659 RNA Integrity Alteration N0000009821 C1372852 C30008 RNA Replication Alteration [PE] 985505 RNA Replication Alteration C1372853 N0000009822 C30010 Renal Arterial Vasoconstriction [PE] N0000009825 C1372856 989641 Renal Arterial Vasoconstriction C30016 Renal Arterial Vasodilation [PE] C30018 988963 N0000009826 C1372857 Renal Arterial Vasodilation Renal Ion Transport Alteration [PE] C1372861 C30026 Renal Ion Transport Alteration 984183 N0000009830 Renal/Urological Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009832 988191 C30030 C1372863 Renal/Urological Activity Alteration Reproductive System Activity Alteration [PE] 990488 C1372864 Reproductive System Activity Alteration C30032 N0000009833 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] C30042 C1372869 987051 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration N0000009838 Respiratory/Pulmonary Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009839 C30044 Respiratory/Pulmonary Activity Alteration C1372870 987910 Reverse Transcription to DNA Alteration [PE] 987911 N0000009840 C1372871 C30046 Reverse Transcription to DNA Alteration Saliva Production Alteration [PE] 986450 Saliva Production Alteration C30048 C1372872 N0000009841 Salivation Stimulation [PE] Salivation Stimulation N0000009843 C1372874 C30052 985049 Serotonin Activity Alteration [PE] 986797 C1372875 Serotonin Activity Alteration C30054 N0000009844 Special Sensory Systems Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009851 C1372882 Special Sensory Systems Activity Alteration C30068 990845 Stimulate Ovulation [PE] 988583 Stimulate Ovulation C1372894 C30092 N0000009863 Striated Muscle Metabolic Alteration [PE] Striated Muscle Metabolic Alteration C2916793 984454 C30118 N0000009876 Striated Muscle Anabolism Alteration [PE] Striated Muscle Anabolism Alteration C30120 C1372908 N0000009877 989427 Striated Muscle Catabolism Alteration [PE] 989644 N0000009878 C1372909 C30122 Striated Muscle Catabolism Alteration Striated Muscle Contraction Alteration [PE] 984654 Striated Muscle Contraction Alteration C1372910 N0000009879 C30124 Substance P Activity Alteration [PE] Substance P Activity Alteration C30126 N0000009880 984655 C1372911 Testicular Endocrine Activity Alteration [PE] C1372918 Testicular Endocrine Activity Alteration C30140 N0000009887 985052 Thyroid Gland Activity Alteration [PE] N0000009889 986798 C30144 Thyroid Gland Activity Alteration C1372920 Thyroid Hormone Iodination Alteration [PE] C1372921 1031140 Thyroid Hormone Iodination Alteration N0000009890 C30146 Translation Alteration [PE] 984492 N0000009894 C1372925 C30154 Translation Alteration Vascular Tone Alteration [PE] Vascular Tone Alteration C30178 C1372937 N0000009906 987659 Vasoconstriction [PE] Vasoconstriction C30182 N0000009908 C0042396 1022844 Vasodilation [PE] C30184 1021984 N0000009909 C0042401 Vasodilation Venous Vasodilation [PE] 989329 N0000009911 C30188 Venous Vasodilation C1372940 Ventilatory Gas Flow Alteration [PE] Ventilatory Gas Flow Alteration C1372941 C30190 N0000009912 985297 Ventricular Repolarization [PE] 986031 Ventricular Repolarization N0000009914 C1372942 C30194 Unknown Cellular or Molecular Interaction [MoA] C1373108 C30196 990716 Unknown Cellular or Molecular Interaction N0000009915 Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists [MoA] C1373110 C30202 Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists N0000009918 1035126 Adrenergic beta1-Antagonists [MoA] Adrenergic beta1-Antagonists C30212 986189 N0000009923 C1373134 Adrenergic beta2-Antagonists [MoA] Adrenergic beta2-Antagonists N0000009924 C1373133 C30214 987660 Unknown Physiological Effect [PE] N0000009925 990891 Unknown Physiological Effect C30216 C1372849 Decreased Cellular Migration [PE] C1372848 989196 Decreased Cellular Migration N0000009928 C30224 Decreased Luteinizing Hormone Secretion [PE] C30228 987320 C1372846 N0000009930 Decreased LH Secretion Decreased Luteinizing Hormone Secretion Vitamin Uptake and Modification Alteration [PE] 985133 C1372844 C30232 N0000009932 Vitamin Uptake and Modification Alteration Decreased Vitamin Uptake and Modification [PE] 988793 C30236 Decreased Vitamin Uptake and Modification C1372842 N0000009934 Decreased Folic Acid Modification [PE] Decreased Folate Modification 988510 N0000009935 C1372841 C30238 Decreased Folic Acid Modification Intraocular Fluid Pressure Alteration [PE] 988969 C30252 C1372834 Intraocular Fluid Pressure Alteration N0000009942 Decreased Intraocular Fluid Pressure [PE] Decreased Intraocular Fluid Pressure 986190 N0000009943 C1372833 C30254 Decreased Intraocular Aqueous Secretion [PE] N0000009944 C1372832 Decreased Intraocular Aqueous Secretion C30256 989197 Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Inhibitors [MoA] C2916799 C30260 PABA Inhibitor N0000009946 984916 Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Inhibitors Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [MoA] 989597 C30264 N0000009948 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors C1373120 Antibody-Receptor Interactions [MoA] C2267208 985716 C30266 N0000009949 Antibody-Receptor Interactions Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Interactions [MoA] N0000009950 C1373118 TNF Receptor Interactions C30268 984657 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Interactions Sterol Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] Sterol Synthesis Inhibitors C1373112 988794 C30280 N0000009956 Bone Surface Interactions [MoA] 985507 N0000009958 C1373129 Bone Surface Interactions C30284 Respiratory Mucosal Edema Alteration [PE] 990849 C1372831 Respiratory Mucosal Edema Alteration C30296 N0000009964 Decreased Respiratory Mucosal Edema [PE] 989798 C30298 N0000009965 Decreased Respiratory Mucosal Edema C1372830 Decreased Tracheo-Bronchial Mucosal Edema [PE] C30308 Decreased Tracheo-Bronchial Mucosal Edema N0000009970 C1372825 989598 almotriptan [Chemical/Ingredient] M0363903 C30950 N0000010060 C0914729 almotriptan C409045 almotriptan 279645 almotriptan aprepitant [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000010068 C1176306 aprepitant aprepitant 358255 M0447596 C114556 aprepitant C30986 bortezomib [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000010079 C31054 C1176309 358258 bortezomib bortezomib bortezomib M0350110 C400082 eletriptan [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000010109 C0759933 C31206 C115647 eletriptan M0297676 231049 eletriptan eletriptan gemifloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] 138099 C103274 M0370050 N0000010125 gemifloxacin gemifloxacin gemifloxacin C0533545 7-(3-aminomethyl-4-methoxyimino-pyrrolidine-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-(1,8)-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid C31306 oxaliplatin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000010154 oxaliplatin platinum(II)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine oxalate C0069717 1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum oxalate 1,2-diamminocyclohexane(trans-1)oxolatoplatinum(II) M0095550 C31522 C030110 oxaliplatin oxaliplatin oxalato-(1,2-cyclohexanediamine)platinum II 32592 oxaliplatine tenofovir [Chemical/Ingredient] tenofovir tenofovir Tenofovir 9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine C096918 C0384228 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine N0000010179 117466 C31666 9-PMPA M0254881 valdecoxib [Chemical/Ingredient] C0913246 C406224 N0000010186 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide 278567 C31698 valdecoxib valdecoxib valdecoxib M0360234 valganciclovir [Chemical/Ingredient] ganciclovir L-valyl ester N0000010187 C0909381 275891 C31702 valganciclovir valganciclovir valganciclovir C121677 M0334922 voriconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] C31722 M0268951 voriconazole voriconazole 121243 C0393080 N0000010191 C102790 voriconazole Pregnancy [Disease/Finding] N0000010195 C31746 289908002 C0032961 Pregnancy 1022794 Physiologic States [Disease/Finding] 989040 C31750 N0000010197 C2916830 Physiologic States Demographic States [Disease/Finding] C31754 N0000010198 Demographic States 985726 C2916805 Age Categories [Disease/Finding] 989345 C31762 N0000010202 C2916832 Age Categories Infant [Disease/Finding] Infant N0000010203 1023674 133931009 C31764 C0021270 Neonate [Disease/Finding] 1022105 N0000010204 C0021289 46068001 C31766 Neonate Child [Disease/Finding] 1025000 410601007 C31768 Child N0000010205 C0008059 Toddler [Disease/Finding] N0000010206 988344 C31770 Toddler C0682053 Young Child [Disease/Finding] C0728836 N0000010207 C31772 74489007 1029003 Young Child Preterm Infant [Disease/Finding] 1022314 395507008 Preterm Infant N0000010208 C0021294 C31774 Older Child [Disease/Finding] 986907 C31776 Older Child N0000010209 31114009 C1455726 Adult [Disease/Finding] 133936004 Adult C31778 N0000010210 1026384 C0001675 Young Adult [Disease/Finding] Young Adult C31780 C0238598 1028035 N0000010211 Middle Aged Adult [Disease/Finding] 1033187 C31782 Middle Aged Adult N0000010212 C0683973 Elderly Adult [Disease/Finding] 207527008 271872005 C31784 207528003 1026765 Elderly Adult N0000010213 C2825054 49808004 Adolescent [Disease/Finding] N0000010214 Adolescent 133937008 59223006 C31786 C0205653 1023260 Transpeptidase Inhibitors [MoA] Transpepsidase Inhibitors PBP inhibitors N0000010215 Transpeptidase Inhibitors penicillin binding protein Inhibitors C1373138 C31788 984931 Lactation [Disease/Finding] 1025167 C0022925 169741004 Lactation C31790 N0000010216 Sterol Metabolism Alteration [PE] C31802 Sterol Metabolism Alteration C1371579 990415 N0000010222 Antibody Interactions [MoA] C2916825 N0000010226 Antibody Interactions C31810 987958 Irritable Bowel Syndrome [Disease/Finding] C31842 10743008 Colon, Irritable D043183 Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION. 1022676 Colitis, Mucous N0000010242 M0004816 C0022104 Irritable Bowel Syndrome Pregnancy Second Trimester [Disease/Finding] C0032980 59466002 C31846 255247007 Pregnancy Second Trimester N0000010244 1021885 Pregnancy Third Trimester [Disease/Finding] N0000010245 C31848 41587001 Pregnancy Third Trimester 255248002 C0032981 1023212 Decreased Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Migration [PE] C31850 C1371595 990417 N0000010246 Decreased Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Migration Decreased Fibroblast Migration [PE] N0000010248 Decreased Fibroblast Migration C1371593 987533 C31854 Vascular Permeability Alteration [PE] 1025930 N0000010250 Vascular Permeability Alteration C1371588 C31858 Decreased Vascular Permeability [PE] 984932 C31862 N0000010252 C2825069 Decreased Vascular Permeability Decreased Capillary Permeability [PE] C31864 N0000010253 Decreased Capillary Permeability C0232378 985585 Cellular Structure Molecule Interactions [MoA] 989808 C1373148 C31868 N0000010255 Cellular Structure Molecule Interactions Tubulin Interactions [MoA] Tubulin Interactions N0000010256 C31870 C1373147 1023254 beta Tubulin Interactions [MoA] 986466 C31878 beta Tubulin Interactions C1373143 N0000010260 Neurokinin 1 Receptor Interactions [MoA] C31880 NK 1 Receptor Interactions Neurokinin 1 Receptor Interactions N0000010261 Substance P Receptor Interactions C1373142 984193 Neurokinin 1 Antagonists [MoA] N0000010262 C2916827 Substance P Receptor Antagonists Neurokinin 1 Antagonists C31882 988216 NK 1 Receptor Antagonists Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration [PE] C31894 Smooth Muscle Tone Alteration 985732 N0000010268 C1371604 Interleukin 2 Receptor Interactions [MoA] N0000010278 C31914 C1373153 Interleukin 2 Receptor Interactions 984934 IL2 Receptor Interactions Interleukin 2 Receptor Antagonists [MoA] IL2 Receptor Antagonists Interleukin 2 Receptor Blockers 986467 C31916 Interleukin 2 Receptor Antagonists C1373152 IL2 Receptor Inhibitors N0000010279 Interleukin 2 Receptor Inhibitors IL2 Receptor Blockers atazanavir [Chemical/Ingredient] 343047 C1145759 C413408 3,12-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-8-hydroxy-4,11-dioxo-9-(phenylmethyl)-6-((4-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl)methyl)-2,5,6,10,13-pentaazatetradecanedioic acid dimethyl ester M0450734 C53850 Atazanavir atazanavir atazanavir N0000010341 Daptomycin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000010342 D017576 C0057144 C53858 Deptomycin Daptomycin 22299 N-decanoyl-L-tryptophyl-L-asparaginyl-L-aspartyl-L-threonylglycyl-L-ornithyl-L-aspartyl-D-alanyl-L-aspartylglycyl-D-seryl-threo-3-methyl-L-glutamyl-3-anthraniloyl-L-alanine-epsilon1-lactone A cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA. Daptomycin Daptomycin M0026638 emtricitabine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0909839 emtricitabine beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine N0000010344 276237 C122114 emtricitabine emtricitabine C53866 M0337569 imatinib [Chemical/Ingredient] imatinib C53878 282388 C0935989 C097613 imatinib imatinib M0424454 N0000010347 Memantine [Chemical/Ingredient] C0025242 D008559 AMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. It has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent. N0000010349 Tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decan-1-amine, 3,5-dimethyl- Memantine 1,3-Dimethyl-5-aminoadamantane 1-Amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane 6719 C53890 Memantine M0013333 Memantin Memantine miglustat [Chemical/Ingredient] n-butyldeoxynojirimycin miglustat miglustat N-(n-butyl)deoxy-nojirimycin C1321596 C059896 N0000010350 n-butyl deoxynojirimycin 402316 M0461235 N-(n-butyl)deoxynojirimycin Miglustat C53894 Triptorelin [Chemical/Ingredient] GnRH, Trp(6)- D017329 M0026318 D-Trp-6-LH-RH N0000010359 C53938 6-D-Tryptophan-Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor (Pig) 38782 C0077275 Triptorelin 5-oxo-Pro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 Triptorelin Triptorelin LHRH, Trp(6)- LHRH, Tryptophyl(6)- A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6. vardenafil [Chemical/Ingredient] C426063 C0971579 306674 vardenafil vardenafil vardenafil 1-(((3-(3,4-dihydro-5-methyl)-4-oxo-7-propylimidazo(5,1-f)-as-triazin-2-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4-ethylpiperazine N0000010361 M0387383 C53946 infliximab [Chemical/Ingredient] M0282056 MAb cA2 infliximab 191831 N0000010531 infliximab C108577 monoclonal antibody cA2 C0666743 C273254 infliximab tadalafil [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000010536 Pyrazino(1',2':1,6)pyrido(3,4-b)indole-1,4-dione, 6-(1,3- benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydro-2-methyl-, (6R,12aR)- tadalafil C429886 C1176316 tadalafil C273294 M0431130 tadalafil 358263 pemetrexed [Chemical/Ingredient] N-(4-(2-(2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimdin-5-yl)ethyl)benzoyl)glutamic acid C273298 L-Glutamic acid, N-(4-(2-(2-amino-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)benzoyl)- pemetrexed C085586 68446 pemetrexed M0227083 pemetrexed C0210657 MTA N0000010538 Tinidazole [Chemical/Ingredient] Tinidazole 1H-Imidazole, 1-(2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro- C273397 Tinidazole 10612 D014011 M0021569 C0040263 N0000010549 A nitroimidazole antitrichomonal agent effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia infections. Tinidazole erlotinib [Chemical/Ingredient] M0350388 C273485 337525 erlotinib erlotinib C1135135 N0000010566 C400278 erlotinib Drug Products by Generic Ingredient Combinations C2267084 C288626 987399 N0000010582 Drug Products by Generic Ingredient Combinations A [Preparations] 989498 C288627 N0000010583 A [Preparations] C2267085 B [Preparations] 987472 C288628 N0000010584 C2267086 B [Preparations] C [Preparations] C [Preparations] 987820 C288629 C2267087 N0000010585 D [Preparations] C288630 N0000010586 C2267088 D [Preparations] 990856 E [Preparations] E [Preparations] C2267089 984666 C288631 N0000010587 F [Preparations] 986610 C2267090 N0000010588 C288632 F [Preparations] G [Preparations] N0000010589 C288633 C2267091 986405 G [Preparations] H [Preparations] 985945 C288634 C2741642 N0000010590 H [Preparations] I [Preparations] C288635 N0000010591 C2267092 I [Preparations] 987875 L [Preparations] C288638 L [Preparations] N0000010594 C2267094 984195 M [Preparations] C2267095 989499 C288639 M [Preparations] N0000010595 N [Preparations] 984993 C2267096 C288640 N0000010596 N [Preparations] O [Preparations] N0000010597 O [Preparations] C288641 989096 C2267097 P [Preparations] C2267098 P [Preparations] 987400 C288642 N0000010598 R [Preparations] C288644 N0000010600 987269 C2267100 R [Preparations] S [Preparations] S [Preparations] C2267101 C288645 985848 N0000010601 T [Preparations] N0000010602 989806 T [Preparations] C288646 C2267102 V [Preparations] C2267104 V [Preparations] C288648 984196 N0000010604 Z [Preparations] 987401 N0000010608 C288652 C2267108 Z [Preparations] Spondylarthropathies [Disease/Finding] Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others. 1022545 Spondylarthropathy N0000010934 Spondylarthropathies C0949691 372109003 C291287 D025242 Spondylarthropathies M0374011 Hepatic Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] N0000010941 1026586 59927004 C291294 C1306571 Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. M0461663 Hepatic Insufficiency Hepatic Insufficiency Liver Insufficiency D048550 Adrenogenital Syndrome [Disease/Finding] C291311 D047808 M0000488 Abnormal SEX DIFFERENTIATION or congenital DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT caused by abnormal levels of steroid hormones expressed by the GONADS or the ADRENAL GLANDS, such as in CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA and ADRENAL CORTEX NEOPLASMS. Due to abnormal steroid biosynthesis, clinical features include VIRILISM in females; FEMINIZATION in males; or precocious sexual development in children. 190511001 C0302280 1024033 271077003 Adrenogenital Syndrome Adrenogenital Syndrome N0000010958 Weight Loss [Disease/Finding] Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. M0023779 1024717 N0000010968 C291321 Weight Reduction 262285001 161832001 D015431 Weight Loss Weight Loss C0043096 89362005 Papillomavirus Infections [Disease/Finding] C291356 M0387084 Papillomavirus Infections 1027658 N0000011003 Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression. D030361 Papillomavirus Infections C0950124 Moraxellaceae Infections [Disease/Finding] D045828 C291361 M0449414 C1258225 N0000011008 988873 Moraxellaceae Infections Moraxellaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE. Tauopathies [Disease/Finding] D024801 C291372 1024063 Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration. N0000011019 Tauopathies Tauopathies C0949664 Tauopathy M0371891 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms [Disease/Finding] D031901 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms C1135868 M0398989 417475006 A group of interrelated trophoblastic diseases arising from pregnancy. They are commonly associated with hyperplasia of trophoblasts (TROPHOBLAST) and markedly elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. They include HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, invasive mole (HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, INVASIVE), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR, PLACENTAL SITE), and CHORIOCARCINOMA. These neoplasms have varying propensities for invasion and spread. N0000011045 416402001 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms Trophoblastic Neoplasms, Gestational 1023593 C291398 Spondylarthritis [Disease/Finding] Spondylarthritis 371082009 C291426 Spondylarthritis M0374010 N0000011073 D025241 C0949690 Inflammation of the joints of the SPINE, the intervertebral articulations. Spinal Arthritis Arthritis, Spinal 1024045 Body Weight [Disease/Finding] Body Weight C0005910 D001835 C291429 1027029 The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. N0000011076 Body Weight M0002758 39857003 Carcinoma, Ductal [Disease/Finding] M0445446 Ductal Carcinoma C291440 1025416 82711006 Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND. Carcinoma, Ductal Carcinoma, Ductal N0000011087 D044584 C1176475 Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors [Disease/Finding] N0000011088 Steroid Metabolic Diseases, Inborn C1257809 1026290 Errors in metabolic processing of STEROIDS resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. Inborn Errors of Steroid Metabolism Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Congenital Errors of Steroid Metabolism M0442596 C291441 D043202 Malnutrition [Disease/Finding] 65404009 N0000011099 Undernutrition D044342 70241007 Malnutrition Malnutrition C0162429 1021991 M0015121 C291452 Nutritional Deficiency An imbalanced nutritional status resulted from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement. Genetic Diseases, Inborn [Disease/Finding] Genetic Diseases, Inborn Genetic Diseases, Inborn M0385531 D030342 C0950123 Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. C291458 1025368 N0000011105 Inborn Genetic Diseases Glucose Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] Glucose Metabolism Disorders C291476 126877002 M0446458 N0000011123 Glucose Metabolic Disorder 989730 Glucose Metabolic Disorders Pathological conditions in which the BLOOD GLUCOSE cannot be maintained within the normal range, such as in HYPOGLYCEMIA and HYPERGLYCEMIA. Etiology of these disorders varies. Plasma glucose concentration is critical to survival for it is the predominant fuel for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Glucose Metabolism Disorders Glucose Metabolism Disorder C1257958 D044882 Diabetes Complications [Disease/Finding] Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE. Diabetic Complications C291479 C0342257 D048909 Diabetes Complications 1023143 372069003 N0000011126 190422004 Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes-Related Complications M0462957 Diabetes Complications Pneumocystis Infections [Disease/Finding] M0025462 Pneumocystis carinii Infections 1024257 N0000011153 Infections with species in the genus PNEUMOCYSTIS, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS) and other infections in humans and other MAMMALS. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally. D016720 111918002 Pneumocystis Infections Pneumocystis Infections C0851886 C291506 Stress Disorders, Traumatic [Disease/Finding] Stress Disorders, Traumatic Stress Disorders, Traumatic N0000011157 Anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is outside the normal range of usual human experience. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event, increased arousal, and numbing of responsiveness to or reduced involvement with the external world. Traumatic stress disorders can be further classified by the time of onset and the duration of these symptoms. C0038441 D040921 990033 C291511 M0424629 Cephalosporins [Chemical/Ingredient] A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. 1024008 C291517 Antibiotics, Cephalosporin Cephalosporins Cephalosporins N0000011161 C2266959 M0003827 D002511 beta-Lactams [Chemical/Ingredient] M0012144 C0282215 N0000011162 D047090 C291518 Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based on a bicyclo-thiazine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria. 82034 beta-Lactams beta-Lactams Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] Hormone C291528 M0010538 C0019932 5436 N0000011172 Hormones Hormones Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects. D006728 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists [Chemical/Ingredient] M0010540 5438 N0000011173 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists D006730 C291529 C0019934 A collective grouping for both naturally occurring and synthetic hormones, substitutes, and antagonists. Hormones, Substitutes, Antagonists Antibodies, Monoclonal [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000011174 Antibodies, Monoclonal D000911 Monoclonal Antibodies 911 Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells. Antibodies, Monoclonal M0001357 C0003250 C291530 Antibodies [Chemical/Ingredient] Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS). 904 N0000011175 D000906 Antibodies C291531 M0001352 C0003241 Antibodies Recombinant Fusion Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000011180 Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes. C291536 Fusion Proteins, Recombinant Recombinant Fusion Proteins Recombinant Fusion Proteins 9217 M0018640 C0034857 D011993 Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids D046948 Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids C291543 469968 Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids Secologanin Indole Alkaloids M0456000 C1449663 Compounds formed by condensation of secologanin with tryptamine resulting in a tetrahydro-beta-carboline which is processed further to a number of bioactive compounds. These are especially found in plants of the APOCYNACEAE; LOGANIACEAE; and RUBIACEAE families. N0000011187 Indole Alkaloids [Chemical/Ingredient] Group of alkaloids containing a benzylpyrrole group (derived from TRYPTOPHAN) D026121 287953 C291544 M0377033 N0000011188 Indole Alkaloids Indole Alkaloids C0949738 Fluoroquinolones [Chemical/Ingredient] D024841 M0372253 Fluoroquinolones Fluoroquinolones C291546 287913 N0000011190 C0949665 A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group. Peptide Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] Peptide Hormones M0409611 D036361 Peptide Hormones C291558 154313 N0000011202 Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic. Hormones, Peptide C0597192 Vidarabine Phosphate [Chemical/Ingredient] C291559 Adenine Arabinoside Monophosphate 1066 Arabinofuranosyladenine Monophosphate N0000011203 9-(5-O-Phosphono-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-9H-purin-6-amine Vidarabine Phosphate An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties. D001084 Vidarabine Monophosphate C0003674 9H-Purin-6-amine, 9-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)- M0001639 Vidarabine Phosphate Ara-AMP Arabinonucleotides [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000011204 Nucleotides containing arabinose as their sugar moiety. M0001643 Arabinofuranosylnucleotides C291560 D001088 1070 Arabinonucleotides Arabinonucleotides C0003681 Amino Acids, Aromatic [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000011248 Aromatic Amino Acids Amino acids containing an aromatic side chain. M0370111 C0301713 D024322 Amino Acids, Aromatic Amino Acids, Aromatic 89965 C291604 Amino Acid, Aromatic Transition Elements [Chemical/Ingredient] C291611 M0382670 Elements with partially filled d orbitals. They constitute groups 3-12 of the periodic table of elements. C0682906 Transition Elements Transition Elements D028561 196940 N0000011255 Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones Hypophysiotropic Hormones Peptides, natural or synthetic, that stimulate the release of PITUITARY HORMONES. They were first isolated from the extracts of the HYPOTHALAMUS; MEDIAN EMINENCE; PITUITARY STALK; and NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. In addition, some hypophysiotropic hormones control pituitary cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and hormone synthesis. Some can act on more than one pituitary hormone. D010906 N0000011269 Hormones, Pituitary Hormone Releasing 8363 C291625 Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones C0032014 M0016916 Hypothalamic Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] D007028 Hypothalamic Hormones Hypothalamic Pituitary-Regulating Hormones C0020656 N0000011270 Hypothalamic Pituitary-Regulating Peptides 5617 M0010936 Peptide hormones produced by NEURONS of various regions in the HYPOTHALAMUS. They are released into the pituitary portal circulation to stimulate or inhibit PITUITARY GLAND functions. VASOPRESSIN and OXYTOCIN, though produced in the hypothalamus, are not included here for they are transported down the AXONS to the POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY before being released into the portal circulation. C291626 Hypothalamic Hormones Phenylcarbamates [Chemical/Ingredient] Phenylcarbamates C1449848 Phenyl-Carbamates Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea. C291629 Phenylcarbamates M0461443 N0000011273 D048448 470109 Penicillins [Chemical/Ingredient] Penicillins M0016152 Penicillins N0000011281 D010406 A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065) C0030842 C291637 7986 Antibiotics, Penicillin Biological Factors [Chemical/Ingredient] Factor, Biologic M0002530 C291646 Factor, Biological Biological Factors Factors, Biological D001685 Biological Factor C0005515 1570 N0000011290 Biologic Factors Endogenously-synthesized compounds that may influence biological phenomena or represent quantifiable biomarkers. Biological factors are a variety of extracellular substances that are not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS Biological Factors Cytokines [Chemical/Ingredient] 40065 D016207 Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner. Cytokines Cytokines C0079189 N0000011291 C291647 M0024747 Imidazolines [Chemical/Ingredient] C291660 Imidazolines 470102 Imidazolines D048288 N0000011304 Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLES containing a single double bond. C1449836 M0461078 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids [Chemical/Ingredient] 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids C0000163 M0023177 19 D015065 A group of hydroxycorticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 17-position. Urinary excretion of these compounds is used as an index of adrenal function. They are used systemically in the free alcohol form, but with esterification of the hydroxy groups, topical effectiveness is increased. C291663 N0000011307 Hydroxycorticosteroids [Chemical/Ingredient] C0020343 5524 D006889 Hydroxycorticosteroids A group of corticosteroids carrying hydroxy groups, usually in the 11- or 17-positions. They comprise the bulk of the corticosteroids used systemically. As they are relatively insoluble in water, salts of various esterified forms are often used for injections or solutions. M0010756 N0000011308 C291664 Hydroxycorticosteroids Adrenal Cortex Hormones [Chemical/Ingredient] C0001617 D000305 C291665 Adrenal Cortex Hormones Adrenal Cortex Hormones 354 Corticoids N0000011309 Corticosteroids M0000480 Imidazolidines [Chemical/Ingredient] M0461079 D048289 470103 Imidazolidines N0000011314 Imidazolidines C291670 Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLINES which contain no double bonds in the ring. C1449837 Taxoids [Chemical/Ingredient] Taxoids M0443608 N0000011317 D043823 C291673 382247 C1257832 A group of diterpenoid CYCLODECANES named for the taxanes that were discovered in the TAXUS tree. The action on MICROTUBULES has made some of them useful as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Taxoids Cyclodecanes [Chemical/Ingredient] C1257831 Cyclodecanes M0443605 382246 Compounds with a 10-carbon ring. C291674 D043822 Cyclodecanes N0000011318 Aza Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] M0002056 Aza Compounds 1249 D001372 C291680 N0000011324 Aza Compounds C0004471 Macrocyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] 469970 Macrocyclic Compounds Macrocycle Compounds M0456185 C291686 Macrocyclic Compounds N0000011330 D047028 C1449665 Cyclic compounds with a ring size of approximately 1-4 dozen atoms. Polycyclic Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures. M0017162 N0000011331 Polycyclic Compounds Polycyclic Compounds C0032456 D011083 8502 C291687 Lymphokines [Chemical/Ingredient] Lymphokines C291701 M0012816 Lymphocyte Mediators Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity. 6522 Lymphokines D008222 C0024297 N0000011345 Antigens [Chemical/Ingredient] Antigens Antigen Antigens 946 D000941 M0001407 N0000011350 Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction. C0003320 C291706 Antigens, Viral [Chemical/Ingredient] Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. M0001448 Antigens, Viral Viral Antigens N0000011353 C0003342 C291709 D000956 965 Antigens, Viral Lignans [Chemical/Ingredient] 28711 C0064971 M0026769 D017705 N0000011369 Lignans A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) C291725 Lignans Excitatory Amino Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear. C0243046 Excitatory Amino Acid Excitatory Amino Acids N0000011371 71687 M0028199 C291727 Amino Acids, Excitatory Excitatory Amino Acids D018846 Amino Acids, Acidic [Chemical/Ingredient] M0370116 D024342 Amino Acid, Acidic Acidic Amino Acids Amino Acids, Acidic 258416 Amino Acids, Acidic N0000011372 C291728 Amino acids with side chains that are negatively charged at physiological pH. C0815040 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids [Chemical/Ingredient] A group of corticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 11-position. C0000119 D015062 12 N0000011376 M0023175 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids 11-Hydroxycorticosteroids C291732 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] C1136108 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins M0409590 C291740 D036341 Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal. N0000011384 337799 4-Quinolones [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000011390 M0441453 106885 C291746 D042462 QUINOLONES containing a 4-oxo (a carbonyl in the para position to the nitrogen). They inhibit the A subunit of DNA GYRASE and are used as antimicrobials. Second generation 4-quinolones are also substituted with a 1-piperazinyl group at the 7-position and a fluorine at the 6-position. 4-Oxoquinolines 4-Quinolones 4-Quinolones C0358919 4-Quinolinones Lactams, Macrocyclic [Chemical/Ingredient] C1449667 N0000011415 Cyclams Macrocyclic Lactams M0456188 469972 Lactams, Macrocyclic LACTAMS forming compounds with a ring size of approximately 1-3 dozen atoms. D047029 C291771 Lactams, Macrocyclic Interleukins [Chemical/Ingredient] Interleukin D007378 M0011509 Interleukins Interleukins C0021764 Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli. N0000011422 C291779 5896 Interleukin-2 [Chemical/Ingredient] T-Cell Growth Factor Interleukin-2 T-Cell Stimulating Factor 5889 C0021756 TCGF M0011506 Thymocyte Stimulating Factor C291781 Interleukin-2 A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes. Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor D007376 Interleukin II IL-2 N0000011424 Interleukine 2 IL2 HIV Envelope Protein gp41 [Chemical/Ingredient] HIV Envelope Protein gp41 N0000011448 Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. It has a molecular weight of 41,000 and is glycosylated. The N-terminal part of gp41 is thought to be involved in CELL FUSION with the CD4 ANTIGENS of T4 LYMPHOCYTES, leading to syncytial formation. Gp41 is one of the most common HIV antigens detected by IMMUNOBLOTTING. Envelope Protein gp41, HIV HIV Envelope Protein gp41 M0024085 C291805 gp41(HIV) gp41 Envelope Protein, HIV env Protein gp41, HIV C0019692 HTLV-III gp41 5370 HIV Transmembrane Protein gp41 D015700 Gene Products, env [Chemical/Ingredient] env Gene Products env Antigens Gene Products, env N0000011449 env Protein C0017278 4727 D015686 Gene Products, env Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. They are usually synthesized as protein precursors (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into the final viral envelope glycoproteins by a viral protease. C291806 M0024061 Polyproteins [Chemical/Ingredient] C291807 N0000011450 Proteins which are synthesized as a single polymer and then cleaved into several distinct proteins. M0017889 Polyproteins Polyproteins 8552 C0032583 D020815 Retroviridae Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] Retroviridae Proteins Proteins from the family Retroviridae. The most frequently encountered member of this family is the Rous sarcoma virus protein. M0018984 D012191 N0000011451 C0035367 Retroviridae Proteins 9302 C291808 Viral Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] Gene Products, Viral Viral Proteins M0022737 D014764 Proteins found in any species of virus. C0042736 C291809 Viral Gene Products Viral Proteins Viral Gene Proteins 11225 N0000011452 Viral Envelope Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] C291810 N0000011453 11215 Envelope Proteins, Viral Viral Envelope Proteins Viral Envelope Proteins D014759 Virus Envelope Proteins C0042711 Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins. M0022717 Viral Structural Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] D015678 N0000011454 Viral Structural Proteins Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS). 11227 M0024034 C0042738 C291811 Virus Structural Proteins Viral Structural Proteins HIV Antigens [Chemical/Ingredient] HTLV-III-LAV Antigens T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Antigens, Human 5368 HIV Associated Antigens HTLV III Antigens Lymphadenopathy-Associated Antigens D015488 HTLV III LAV Antigens T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Antigens, Human C291812 HIV Antigens M0023851 N0000011455 Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens. HIV-Associated Antigens C0019686 LAV Antigens AIDS Antigens HIV Antigens Lymphadenopathy Associated Antigens HTLV-III Antigens Viral Fusion Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] C0042717 D014760 Viral Fusion Proteins Fusion Proteins, Viral Proteins, usually glycoproteins, found in the viral envelopes of a variety of viruses. They promote cell membrane fusion and thereby may function in the uptake of the virus by cells. C291813 Virus Fusion Proteins N0000011456 M0022730 11221 Viral Fusion Proteins Peptide Fragments [Chemical/Ingredient] Peptide Fragments Peptide Fragments M0016224 C291814 8027 Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques. C0030935 D010446 N0000011457 Boronic Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] D001897 Boronic Acids C0006032 C291820 1707 Boronic Acids Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the basic structure RB(OH)2. M0002834 N0000011463 Tryptamines [Chemical/Ingredient] Decarboxylated monoamine derivatives of TRYPTOPHAN. Tryptamines Tryptamines Indolylethylamines D014363 C0041248 C291831 M0022087 10897 N0000011474 Hypothalmic Hormone Interactions [MoA] N0000019992 985094 C300377 Hypothalmic Hormone Interactions C2267109 Hypothalamic Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] 989569 Hypothalamic Hormone Receptor Agonists C300378 N0000019993 C2916835 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors C2267115 987029 C300385 N0000020000 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] 1028392 C2757011 C300386 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors N0000020001 Vascular Alterations [PE] 984378 N0000020002 Vascular Alterations C2267116 C300387 Vascular Growth Alteration [PE] C300388 Vascular Growth Alteration 985275 C2267117 N0000020003 Vascular Growth Decrease [PE] C2267119 N0000020005 Vascular Growth Decrease Angiogenesis Inhibition C300390 990782 HER Receptor Family Antagonists [MoA] EGFR Family Inhibitors EGFR Family Antagonists Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Antagonists 990667 HER Inhibitors N0000020006 HER Receptor Family Antagonists Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Inhibitors Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Inhibitors C2916840 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Antagonists HER Receptor Family Inhibitors C300391 HER Family Inhibitors HER Antagonists HER Family Antagonists HER2/Neu/cerbB2 Antagonists [MoA] HER2/Neu/cerbB2 Antagonists HER2 Antagonists HER-2 Inhibitors C300393 HER2 Inhibitors HER2/Neu/cerbB2 Inhibitors 984590 C2916795 HER-2 Antagonists HER-2/Neu/cerbB2 Antagonists N0000020008 HER-2/Neu/cerbB2 Inhibitors Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] 984994 C300394 Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor N0000020009 Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors C2267122 HER1 Antagonists [MoA] HER1 Inhibitors HER-1 Antagonists HER1 Antagonists C300395 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antagonists 989266 N0000020010 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors EGFR Inhibitors HER-1 Inhibitors C2916831 EGFR Antagonists Cellular Growth Phase Reduction [PE] C2267126 N0000020013 986120 Cellular Growth Phase Reduction C300398 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists [MoA] 985979 C300399 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists C2916809 N0000020014 NMDA Receptor Antagonists [MoA] C2916808 NMDA Receptor Antagonists N0000020015 N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonists 985849 C300400 Glucosyl Transferase Inhibitors [MoA] 988136 N0000020018 C2267130 C300403 Glucosyl Transferase Inhibitors Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors [MoA] 989376 C300404 C2267131 Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors N0000020019 Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Alteration [PE] Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Alteration C2267132 986153 C300405 N0000020020 Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Decrease [PE] 985980 C300407 Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Decrease C2267134 N0000020022 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors [MoA] C300411 C2267137 N0000020025 989952 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors [MoA] C2267138 Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitor N0000020026 985515 C300412 Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitors Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Polysaccharide Metabolism Alteration [PE] Polysaccharide Metabolism Alteration N0000020040 C300430 C2267149 986121 L-Calcium Channel Receptor Antagonists [MoA] L-Calcium Channel Receptor Antagonists C300455 989377 N0000020065 C2916833 Ubiquitin Ligase Inhibitors [MoA] C300474 C1661195 N0000020084 986156 Ubiquitin Ligase Inhibitors Viral Envelope Interactions [MoA] C2267190 989812 Viral Envelope Interactions N0000020089 C300479 INTERFERON ALFA-2A http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/103145s5060LBL.pdf Ingredient INTERFERON ALFA-2A C0021734 N0000020127 4022121 C15918 <VANDF_Record>50.6^183^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>183</VA_IEN> Active 5879 Interferon Alfa-2a MEGESTROL http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=65b28775-ee59-88cf-e4d8-372c6c79ad14#nlm34084-4,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020264s017lbl.pdf C16868 Active MEGESTROL Megestrol N0000020211 <VANDF_Record>50.6^451^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>451</VA_IEN> C0025175 4022205 Ingredient 6703 ZALCITABINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s16lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^2270^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2270</VA_IEN> ZALCITABINE Zalcitabine 3363 C21646 Active 4023282 N0000021287 C0012132 Ingredient ZOLPIDEM http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/019908s029lbl.pdf Active 39993 N0000021601 C21714 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2769^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2769</VA_IEN> C0078839 Ingredient ZOLPIDEM zolpidem 4023596 VENLAFAXINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020151s056s057lbl.pdf C21404 C0078569 N0000021906 VENLAFAXINE 4023901 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3173^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3173</VA_IEN> 39786 venlafaxine Ingredient Active FLUVASTATIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020261s042,021192s016lbl.pdf 41127 Ingredient N0000021914 fluvastatin FLUVASTATIN C0082608 Active C14840 4023909 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3184^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3184</VA_IEN> STAVUDINE (dT4) N0000021950 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3225^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3225</VA_IEN> Ingredient 4023945 Inactive C1875783 C290406 693224 STAVUDINE (dT4) METFORMIN http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=ed71d7ea-f5af-4406-8b0d-68e17cb1e61e&type=display Metformin Ingredient METFORMIN 4023979 6809 C0025598 N0000021984 Active C17000 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3277^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3277</VA_IEN> VINORELBINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20388S014lbl.pdf Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^3279^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3279</VA_IEN> N0000021986 VINORELBINE 4023981 C0078257 vinorelbine Ingredient 39541 C21450 GEMCITABINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020509s069lbl.pdf C0045093 N0000022036 GEMCITABINE Ingredient 4024031 gemcitabine C15022 12574 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3358^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3358</VA_IEN> Active TOPOTECAN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020671s016s017lbl.pdf C21012 C0146224 Ingredient TOPOTECAN Topotecan Active 57308 N0000022037 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3360^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3360</VA_IEN> 4024032 ATORVASTATIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020702s056lbl.pdf atorvastatin Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^3382^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3382</VA_IEN> ATORVASTATIN Ingredient C11394 83367 N0000022046 4024041 C0286651 CEFEPIME http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/050679s036lbl.pdf Ingredient C0055003 Active N0000022054 C12388 CEFEPIME 20481 4024049 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3392^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3392</VA_IEN> cefepime DELAVIRDINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2001/20705S8lbl.pdf Ingredient Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^3395^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3395</VA_IEN> C0288165 4024051 Delavirdine C13500 83816 DELAVIRDINE N0000022056 ROPIVACAINE C19622 35780 C0073571 ROPIVACAINE Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^3403^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3403</VA_IEN> Active ropivacaine 4024055 N0000022060 PRAMIPEXOLE 746741 N0000022076 Active PRAMIPEXOLE Ingredient 4024071 Pramipexole C0074710 C19082 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3431^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3431</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^4691^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4691</VA_IEN> ROPINIROLE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/020658s018s020s021lbl.pdf Active Ingredient C19616 C0244821 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3446^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3446</VA_IEN> 4024081 N0000022086 72302 ropinirole ROPINIROLE CLOPIDOGREL http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=edae8df1-caf9-ff72-1304-5ae8b355f8e7&type=display clopidogrel C0070166 C12996 CLOPIDOGREL Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^3467^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3467</VA_IEN> 4024096 32968 Active N0000022101 SILDENAFIL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020895s036lbl.pdf SILDENAFIL Active sildenafil C19856 N0000022115 136411 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3484^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3484</VA_IEN> Ingredient C0529793 4024110 MONTELUKAST http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020829s060,020830s062,021409s037lbl.pdf MONTELUKAST N0000022122 montelukast C0298130 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^3503^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3503</VA_IEN> 4024117 C17436 88249 Active CERIVASTATIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2001/20740S19lbl.pdf 4024119 C0528023 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3505^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3505</VA_IEN> N0000022124 Ingredient CERIVASTATIN C12556 596723 Active ATAZANAVIR http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021567s026lbl.pdf 4024316 ATAZANAVIR 343047 Atazanavir Active Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^3890^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3890</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^4656^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4656</VA_IEN> N0000022320 C1145759 C53848 GOLD <VANDF_Record>50.416^2241^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2241</VA_IEN> 4019622 N0000022608 C15176 4975 <VANDF_Record>50.6^323^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>323</VA_IEN> GOLD Ingredient Active C0018026 INTERFERON 5886 C15914 C0021747 Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^2410^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2410</VA_IEN> Ingredient 4019787 INTERFERON N0000022612 RABEPRAZOLE NA Rabeprazole sodium RABEPRAZOLE NA C19460 N0000022999 4021175 C0732569 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3847^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3847</VA_IEN> Ingredient Active 226868 ESZOPICLONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021476s012lbl.pdf 4024906 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4045^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4045</VA_IEN> Active 461016 N0000023088 UZX80K71OE <VANDF_Record>50.416^4212^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4212</VA_IEN> ESZOPICLONE Ingredient C1436328 C4837925188257 Eszopiclone TIPRANAVIR http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021814s011lbl.pdf tipranavir 4024917 TIPRANAVIR C0663733 C4837932838670 N0000023100 ZZT404XD09 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4059^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4059</VA_IEN> Ingredient Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^4224^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4224</VA_IEN> 190548 PREGABALIN http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=60185c88-ecfd-46f9-adb9-b97c6b00a553#nlm34084-4 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4231^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4231</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4070^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4070</VA_IEN> pregabalin PREGABALIN C0657912 N0000023107 187832 Active 4024924 C4837938905643 55JG375S6M Ingredient COLCHICINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee1583ac-c308-4beb-b602-9ecac4977026#section-6 4017416 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3</VA_IEN> C13128 Colchicine COLCHICINE SML2Y3J35T Active N0000145804 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^7^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>7</VA_IEN> 2683 C0009262 PROPYLTHIOURACIL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/006188s021s022lbl.pdf 8794 4017432 <VANDF_Record>50.416^23^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>23</VA_IEN> C19284 Propylthiouracil Ingredient PROPYLTHIOURACIL C0033511 721M9407IY Active N0000145820 <VANDF_Record>50.6^12^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>12</VA_IEN> METHIMAZOLE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=dc92f45f-8d27-4dcb-b72d-6b8b04c6f0ce&type=display Methimazole METHIMAZOLE 554Z48XN5E C0025644 6835 C17076 N0000145822 <VANDF_Record>50.416^25^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>25</VA_IEN> Active Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^14^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>14</VA_IEN> 4017434 PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/050141s231lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^30^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>30</VA_IEN> penicillin G benzathine RIT82F58GK 7982 Active C18320 C0030829 N0000145827 PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE Ingredient 4017439 TRIAMCINOLONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/012802s031lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^192^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>192</VA_IEN> Triamcinolone C21066 1ZK20VI6TY Active 10759 N0000145980 <VANDF_Record>50.6^93^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>93</VA_IEN> 4017599 C0040864 TRIAMCINOLONE Ingredient HYDROXYUREA http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/016295s041s042lbl.pdf HYDROXYUREA C0020402 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^328^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>328</VA_IEN> hydroxyurea C15614 4017733 N0000146101 <VANDF_Record>50.6^129^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>129</VA_IEN> X6Q56QN5QC 5552 Active IOPAMIDOL Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^140^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>140</VA_IEN> 4017756 <VANDF_Record>50.416^351^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>351</VA_IEN> Iopamidol N0000146122 5966 C0022026 JR13W81H44 Ingredient C16008 IOPAMIDOL LEVODOPA http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/017555s056s068s071lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^385^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>385</VA_IEN> C0023570 C16452 N0000146151 4017790 <VANDF_Record>50.6^160^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>160</VA_IEN> Active 6375 LEVODOPA Levodopa Ingredient 46627O600J FLUCYTOSINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/017001s027lbl.pdf N0000146153 C0016278 Flucytosine FLUCYTOSINE <VANDF_Record>50.416^387^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>387</VA_IEN> Ingredient Active D83282DT06 4017792 <VANDF_Record>50.6^162^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>162</VA_IEN> C14750 4451 FLUOROURACIL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/20985slr004_carac_lbl.pdf 4492 U3P01618RT Ingredient C0016360 C14794 N0000146166 <VANDF_Record>50.416^401^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>401</VA_IEN> FLUOROURACIL Fluorouracil <VANDF_Record>50.6^173^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>173</VA_IEN> Active 4017806 METRONIDAZOLE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021806s003lbl.pdf Active 6922 N0000146194 <VANDF_Record>50.416^431^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>431</VA_IEN> Ingredient 4017836 METRONIDAZOLE 140QMO216E <VANDF_Record>50.6^200^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>200</VA_IEN> C0025872 Metronidazole C17246 PHENYTOIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/008762s055,010151s042lbl.pdf Active 8183 6158TKW0C5 C18638 C0031507 <VANDF_Record>50.416^451^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>451</VA_IEN> N0000146211 <VANDF_Record>50.6^215^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>215</VA_IEN> 4017856 Ingredient Phenytoin PHENYTOIN INDOMETHACIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/018332s032lbl.pdf 5781 4017890 XXE1CET956 C0021246 C15738 <VANDF_Record>50.6^239^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>239</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^485^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>485</VA_IEN> Active N0000146243 Ingredient INDOMETHACIN Indomethacin SULFASALAZINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/007073s124lbl.pdf 4017897 <VANDF_Record>50.416^492^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>492</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^248^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>248</VA_IEN> 9524 C0036078 3XC8GUZ6CB SULFASALAZINE Sulfasalazine N0000146249 Ingredient C20470 Active DEXAMETHASONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/11664slr062_decadron_lbl.pdf C13562 <VANDF_Record>50.416^517^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>517</VA_IEN> 7S5I7G3JQL N0000146273 DEXAMETHASONE Dexamethasone <VANDF_Record>50.6^270^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>270</VA_IEN> Active 3264 C0011777 Ingredient 4017922 PENICILLAMINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/19853s012,014lbl.pdf PENICILLAMINE <VANDF_Record>50.6^284^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>284</VA_IEN> Penicillamine GNN1DV99GX <VANDF_Record>50.416^535^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>535</VA_IEN> Ingredient 7975 4017940 N0000146290 C0030817 C18314 Active HYDROCORTISONE https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/008697s032_33lbl.pdf Ingredient 4017941 N0000146291 C15494 <VANDF_Record>50.416^536^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>536</VA_IEN> 5492 Hydrocortisone HYDROCORTISONE C0020268 <VANDF_Record>50.6^286^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>286</VA_IEN> WI4X0X7BPJ Active ENALAPRIL MALEATE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/018998s071lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^549^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>549</VA_IEN> Active C14204 9O25354EPJ Ingredient N0000146304 ENALAPRIL MALEATE 4017954 203123 Enalapril Maleate C0700452 PREDNISOLONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1999/40323lbl.pdf PREDNISOLONE N0000146334 Ingredient prednisolone 9PHQ9Y1OLM <VANDF_Record>50.416^585^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>585</VA_IEN> Active 4017988 C0032950 8638 C19114 <VANDF_Record>50.6^318^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>318</VA_IEN> GOLD SODIUM THIOMALATE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=a29045b5-ba4f-407a-a0fd-3ef7e1ce64ee&type=display <VANDF_Record>50.416^592^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>592</VA_IEN> Ingredient 4981 C0018034 4017995 N0000146340 C15178 Gold Sodium Thiomalate Active GOLD SODIUM THIOMALATE AURANOFIN http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=05c34ddf-a0f7-4267-83f5-d02be3defc37&type=display 3H04W2810V 1227 Auranofin AURANOFIN <VANDF_Record>50.6^341^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>341</VA_IEN> C11424 N0000146358 Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^611^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>611</VA_IEN> Ingredient C0004320 4018014 AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/018972s044lbl.pdf Active AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE 976728SY6Z C0700442 Ingredient 203114 N0000146406 4018065 <VANDF_Record>50.416^662^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>662</VA_IEN> C11026 Amiodarone hydrochloride METHYLPREDNISOLONE 6902 Active C17198 METHYLPREDNISOLONE Ingredient 4018068 Methylprednisolone X4W7ZR7023 N0000146409 <VANDF_Record>50.6^394^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>394</VA_IEN> C0025815 <VANDF_Record>50.416^665^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>665</VA_IEN> METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/anda/98/40183_Methylprednisolone_Prntlbl.pdf Active 43502P7F0P C0600901 Ingredient METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE 4018070 N0000146411 <VANDF_Record>50.416^667^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>667</VA_IEN> 155323 methylprednisolone acetate C17200 CYTARABINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021041s023lbl.pdf Ingredient 4018080 Active C13376 Cytarabine <VANDF_Record>50.6^402^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>402</VA_IEN> C0010711 N0000146419 04079A1RDZ CYTARABINE 3041 <VANDF_Record>50.416^677^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>677</VA_IEN> HALOPERIDOL http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=27cfe684-7d11-4f37-9c8b-b2bdd6b5348e#nlm34084-4 4018123 N0000146461 Haloperidol C0018546 HALOPERIDOL J6292F8L3D C15300 Ingredient Active 5093 <VANDF_Record>50.416^720^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>720</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^445^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>445</VA_IEN> CARMUSTINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/017422s042lbl.pdf N0000146473 U68WG3173Y Active 4018136 <VANDF_Record>50.416^733^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>733</VA_IEN> Ingredient 2105 C12294 Carmustine <VANDF_Record>50.6^455^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>455</VA_IEN> CARMUSTINE C0007257 CISPLATIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/018057s081lbl.pdf 2555 CISPLATIN Cisplatin 4018139 Q20Q21Q62J <VANDF_Record>50.416^736^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>736</VA_IEN> N0000146476 Ingredient C0008838 C12892 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^458^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>458</VA_IEN> ETOPOSIDE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=e28c05f0-081f-406d-8bfb-9160a6908307&type=display <VANDF_Record>50.6^460^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>460</VA_IEN> N0000146478 C14476 Active ETOPOSIDE Etoposide Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^738^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>738</VA_IEN> 6PLQ3CP4P3 C0015133 4018141 4179 METOLAZONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2001/19532s12lbl.pdf 4018161 N0000146498 Ingredient C17234 METOLAZONE Metolazone <VANDF_Record>50.6^481^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>481</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^758^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>758</VA_IEN> 6916 TZ7V40X7VX C0025854 Active TOBRAMYCIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/201820s000lbl.pdf 10627 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1194^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1194</VA_IEN> Tobramycin <VANDF_Record>50.6^914^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>914</VA_IEN> N0000146911 4018595 TOBRAMYCIN VZ8RRZ51VK Active C0040341 Ingredient C20940 FENTANYL 4018745 C14594 4337 UF599785JZ <VANDF_Record>50.416^1347^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1347</VA_IEN> N0000147049 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^1073^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1073</VA_IEN> FENTANYL Ingredient Fentanyl C0015846 CYCLOSPORINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/050715s028,050716s029lbl.pdf Cyclosporine N0000147064 83HN0GTJ6D C13348 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1363^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1363</VA_IEN> 4018761 Ingredient C0010592 CYCLOSPORINE <VANDF_Record>50.6^1100^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1100</VA_IEN> 3008 Active CHLORAMBUCIL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/010669s032lbl.pdf 4018769 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1371^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1371</VA_IEN> C12646 C0008163 CHLORAMBUCIL 2346 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^1112^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1112</VA_IEN> Active 18D0SL7309 Chlorambucil N0000147072 NITROFURANTOIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020064s019lbl.pdf Ingredient 7454 C0028156 N0000147151 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1452^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1452</VA_IEN> C17710 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^1217^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1217</VA_IEN> 4018849 Nitrofurantoin 927AH8112L NITROFURANTOIN LEUPROLIDE ACETATE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019943s032,020011s039lbl.pdf Active Leuprolide Acetate 203217 Ingredient 4018977 C16420 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1582^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1582</VA_IEN> LEUPROLIDE ACETATE N0000147256 C0700596 37JNS02E7V SUCCIMER 4019174 SUCCIMER C0012384 Succimer 3446 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2227^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2227</VA_IEN> N0000147417 Active C20404 Ingredient DX1U2629QE <VANDF_Record>50.416^1783^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1783</VA_IEN> DAPSONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021794s006lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^1874^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1874</VA_IEN> C0010980 N0000147467 3108 C13466 Active DAPSONE 8W5C518302 4019264 <VANDF_Record>50.6^1840^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1840</VA_IEN> Dapsone Ingredient RIBAVIRIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020903s046,021546s002lbl.pdf 9344 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1910^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1910</VA_IEN> N0000147496 C19534 Active 4019299 Ingredient 49717AWG6K RIBAVIRIN Ribavirin C0035525 <VANDF_Record>50.6^1909^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1909</VA_IEN> CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019735s061lbl.pdf Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride N0000147502 4BA73M5E37 81981 C12882 Ingredient C0282104 CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE <VANDF_Record>50.416^1918^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1918</VA_IEN> 4019306 Active CIPROFLOXACIN 2551 C0008809 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1919^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1919</VA_IEN> 5E8K9I0O4U C12880 CIPROFLOXACIN <VANDF_Record>50.6^1919^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1919</VA_IEN> Ciprofloxacin Ingredient 4019307 Active N0000147503 MISOPROSTOL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/019268s041lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^1928^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1928</VA_IEN> 42331 0E43V0BB57 N0000147506 Active C0085174 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1925^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1925</VA_IEN> 4019313 C17370 Ingredient MISOPROSTOL Misoprostol LISINOPRIL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019558s054lbl.pdf Active 29046 Ingredient N0000147537 <VANDF_Record>50.6^1990^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1990</VA_IEN> E7199S1YWR 4019380 <VANDF_Record>50.416^1993^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>1993</VA_IEN> C16546 Lisinopril LISINOPRIL C0065374 OMEPRAZOLE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/019810s095,022056s011lbl.pdf Ingredient Omeprazole <VANDF_Record>50.6^2063^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2063</VA_IEN> C17900 N0000147569 4019439 Active KG60484QX9 C0028978 7646 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2053^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2053</VA_IEN> OMEPRAZOLE IFOSFAMIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019763s016lbl.pdf Ifosfamide Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^2109^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2109</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^2090^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2090</VA_IEN> UM20QQM95Y Ingredient 5657 C0020823 C15684 N0000147596 4019476 IFOSFAMIDE CARBOPLATIN http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=806736d3-215a-4df5-8187-97f2161e5a53&type=display 4019478 BG3F62OND5 40048 C0079083 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^2092^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2092</VA_IEN> Carboplatin CARBOPLATIN <VANDF_Record>50.6^2112^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2112</VA_IEN> C12276 Active N0000147598 LOVASTATIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/21316s010lbl.pdf N0000147602 Active 4019482 6472 C16638 9LHU78OQFD <VANDF_Record>50.6^2116^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2116</VA_IEN> LOVASTATIN Ingredient C0024027 Lovastatin <VANDF_Record>50.416^2096^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2096</VA_IEN> FLUCONAZOLE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f694c617-3383-416c-91b6-b94fda371204&type=display Active FLUCONAZOLE C0016277 Fluconazole 4450 4019493 8VZV102JFY <VANDF_Record>50.6^2138^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2138</VA_IEN> C14748 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2107^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2107</VA_IEN> Ingredient N0000147613 MESALAMINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/022301lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^2108^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2108</VA_IEN> C0127615 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2139^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2139</VA_IEN> 4Q81I59GXC 4019494 Active N0000147614 MESALAMINE mesalamine 52582 C16968 Ingredient PROPOFOL Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^2114^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2114</VA_IEN> N0000147620 4019500 8782 YI7VU623SF C19244 C0033487 PROPOFOL Propofol <VANDF_Record>50.6^2145^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2145</VA_IEN> Ingredient ZIDOVUDINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019655s052,019910s039,020518s022lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^2147^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2147</VA_IEN> C0043474 11413 C21656 Active ZIDOVUDINE Zidovudine Ingredient N0000147622 4019502 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2116^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2116</VA_IEN> 4B9XT59T7S NORFLOXACIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019384s060lbl.pdf Ingredient Active NORFLOXACIN N0F8P22L1P 7517 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2148^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2148</VA_IEN> C17744 N0000147623 4019503 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2117^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2117</VA_IEN> Norfloxacin C0028365 CAPSAICIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/022395lbl.pdf 1992 Ingredient S07O44R1ZM C0006931 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2151^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2151</VA_IEN> CAPSAICIN Capsaicin <VANDF_Record>50.416^2120^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2120</VA_IEN> C12202 N0000147626 4019506 Active MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4d0f0f1a-31af-40fa-9c64-e90891fa6ce4#nlm34084-4 C0700458 203129 4019527 U6USW86RD0 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2142^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2142</VA_IEN> Ingredient Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride Active N0000147641 MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE C17378 RAMIPRIL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019901s058lbl.pdf C0072973 Ramipril Active RAMIPRIL 35296 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^2235^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2235</VA_IEN> 4019562 C19482 L35JN3I7SJ N0000147662 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2177^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2177</VA_IEN> OLSALAZINE SODIUM http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/019715s027lbl.pdf Active C17890 C0353940 Olsalazine sodium <VANDF_Record>50.416^2188^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2188</VA_IEN> 4019572 N0000147671 104123 OLSALAZINE SODIUM Y7JEW0XG7I Ingredient ALTRETAMINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=8456a8db-a7f6-4bc0-86be-e9c8c374140b&type=display <VANDF_Record>50.416^2190^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2190</VA_IEN> ALTRETAMINE Altretamine C0019453 Active 4019574 N0000147673 Q8BIH59O7H <VANDF_Record>50.6^2249^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2249</VA_IEN> Ingredient 5296 C10894 AMANTADINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=fc78c074-3ca8-4e29-9c18-8fab97558fc2&type=display N0000147697 AMANTADINE <VANDF_Record>50.416^2220^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2220</VA_IEN> Ingredient 620 4019601 BF4C9Z1J53 C10958 C0002403 <VANDF_Record>50.6^863^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>863</VA_IEN> Amantadine Active AMIODARONE AMIODARONE Active 4019606 N0000147701 Amiodarone <VANDF_Record>50.6^389^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>389</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^2225^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2225</VA_IEN> N3RQ532IUT 703 C11024 C0002598 Ingredient BETAXOLOL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019507s008lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^2252^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2252</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^903^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>903</VA_IEN> Ingredient BETAXOLOL C11712 Betaxolol 4019633 1520 C0005320 O0ZR1R6RZ2 N0000147726 Active BUPROPION http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022108s005s006lbl.pdf Ingredient 42347 C11932 C0085208 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2119^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2119</VA_IEN> Bupropion Active BUPROPION 4019645 N0000147738 01ZG3TPX31 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2264^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2264</VA_IEN> BUSPIRONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/018731s051lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^2265^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2265</VA_IEN> C11938 Buspirone <VANDF_Record>50.6^1165^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1165</VA_IEN> BUSPIRONE Active C0006462 4019646 Ingredient 1827 TK65WKS8HL N0000147739 CLOMIPRAMINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/019906s34lbl.pdf CLOMIPRAMINE Clomipramine C12982 NUV44L116D C0009010 2597 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2306^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2306</VA_IEN> Ingredient N0000147779 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2137^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2137</VA_IEN> 4019687 Active CYCLOBENZAPRINE <VANDF_Record>50.416^2318^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2318</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^295^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>295</VA_IEN> CYCLOBENZAPRINE Active 21949 69O5WQQ5TI C13328 Ingredient cyclobenzaprine 4019699 C0056732 N0000147791 CYPROHEPTADINE Active 3013 Ingredient 4019701 Cyproheptadine C13352 <VANDF_Record>50.6^276^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>276</VA_IEN> N0000147793 C0010620 CYPROHEPTADINE 2YHB6175DO <VANDF_Record>50.416^2320^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2320</VA_IEN> DEFEROXAMINE 3131 C0011145 Deferoxamine N0000147797 DEFEROXAMINE Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^2324^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2324</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^1133^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1133</VA_IEN> J06Y7MXW4D Active 4019705 C13486 DESIPRAMINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/014399s069lbl.pdf Active 3247 <VANDF_Record>50.6^924^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>924</VA_IEN> Ingredient DESIPRAMINE Desipramine C0011685 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2327^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2327</VA_IEN> TG537D343B 4019708 C13528 N0000147800 DILTIAZEM http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020092s017lbl.pdf Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^1169^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1169</VA_IEN> C13816 DILTIAZEM Diltiazem <VANDF_Record>50.416^2341^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2341</VA_IEN> EE92BBP03H Ingredient N0000147814 C0012373 4019722 3443 DOXORUBICIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/050718s033lbl.pdf 4019737 C14060 Active Ingredient DOXORUBICIN <VANDF_Record>50.6^428^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>428</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^2356^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2356</VA_IEN> C0013089 3639 N0000147829 80168379AG Doxorubicin ENALAPRIL N0000147835 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2363^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2363</VA_IEN> 3827 C0014025 <VANDF_Record>50.6^292^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>292</VA_IEN> ENALAPRIL Enalapril 4019744 Active C14202 69PN84IO1A Ingredient ETHAMBUTOL http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b2f95b0b-9de3-4c0b-a46e-a7eee6428b4b#nlm34084-4 8G167061QZ <VANDF_Record>50.416^2366^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2366</VA_IEN> 4110 N0000147838 Ethambutol C0014964 ETHAMBUTOL Ingredient 4019747 <VANDF_Record>50.6^260^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>260</VA_IEN> C14386 Active ETIDRONATE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/017831s055lbl.pdf Ingredient ETIDRONATE Active N0000147844 C0086268 Etidronate <VANDF_Record>50.6^1269^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1269</VA_IEN> 4019753 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2372^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2372</VA_IEN> 42682 C14464 FLECAINIDE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=fa68b35e-9f50-408b-9e70-e84cecf3fd6e&type=display C14726 K94FTS1806 C0016229 4019757 FLECAINIDE <VANDF_Record>50.6^1175^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1175</VA_IEN> Ingredient Flecainide <VANDF_Record>50.416^2377^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2377</VA_IEN> 4441 Active N0000147848 FLUOXETINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=59de2889-c3d3-4ebf-8826-13f30a3fa439#nlm34084-4 Ingredient FLUOXETINE Fluoxetine <VANDF_Record>50.416^2381^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2381</VA_IEN> Active 4493 <VANDF_Record>50.6^1996^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1996</VA_IEN> 01K63SUP8D 4019761 N0000147852 C0016365 C14796 GANCICLOVIR http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/019661s030lbl.pdf P9G3CKZ4P5 4678 GANCICLOVIR N0000147855 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2384^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2384</VA_IEN> Ingredient 4019764 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2083^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2083</VA_IEN> Active Ganciclovir C14976 C0017066 LEUPROLIDE EFY6W0M8TG 4019800 LEUPROLIDE <VANDF_Record>50.6^1398^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>1398</VA_IEN> C0085272 Active C16418 N0000147889 Ingredient Leuprolide <VANDF_Record>50.416^2423^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2423</VA_IEN> 42375 MEFLOQUINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/019591s026s028lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^2434^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2434</VA_IEN> TML814419R 6694 N0000147900 Active MEFLOQUINE C0025153 Mefloquine 4019811 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^2143^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2143</VA_IEN> C16862 METHOTREXATE https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/008085s066lbl.pdf N0000147916 6851 4019828 YL5FZ2Y5U1 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^254^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>254</VA_IEN> METHOTREXATE C17092 Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^2451^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2451</VA_IEN> Methotrexate C0025677 MITOXANTRONE Mitoxantrone C0026259 N0000147929 C17376 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2176^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2176</VA_IEN> BZ114NVM5P Ingredient Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^2465^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2465</VA_IEN> 4019842 7005 MITOXANTRONE NORTRIPTYLINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/018013s58lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^64^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>64</VA_IEN> NORTRIPTYLINE N0000147946 Active C0028420 C17750 Nortriptyline 7531 Ingredient BL03SY4LXB <VANDF_Record>50.416^2483^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2483</VA_IEN> 4019860 OLSALAZINE C17888 ULS5I8J03O olsalazine 32385 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2486^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2486</VA_IEN> OLSALAZINE 4019863 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2247^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2247</VA_IEN> Ingredient C0069454 N0000147949 Active PENICILLIN 70618 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2505^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2505</VA_IEN> N0000147965 Active 4019880 PENICILLIN <VANDF_Record>50.6^16^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>16</VA_IEN> Ingredient C0220892 Penicillin C18316 PENTAMIDINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=e2ad9d3c-b6c3-4f70-87e0-722a8ff94ccb#nlm34084-4 PENTAMIDINE C0030863 Pentamidine C18340 N0000147966 Active 673LC5J4LQ 7994 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2506^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2506</VA_IEN> 4019881 Ingredient PERGOLIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/19385slr030,031,035_permax_lbl.pdf 24MJ822NZ9 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2508^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2508</VA_IEN> C18408 N0000147968 Active 8047 Ingredient PERGOLIDE C0031007 Pergolide 4019883 PROTRIPTYLINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=700abc58-9362-4ef5-9d7a-dd3c4d364d0a&type=display 8886 Protriptyline C19318 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^2543^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2543</VA_IEN> 4NDU154T12 <VANDF_Record>50.6^271^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>271</VA_IEN> 4019918 N0000148003 C0033743 PROTRIPTYLINE Active SELEGILINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021479s003s004lbl.pdf 4019929 9639 N0000148014 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^2121^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2121</VA_IEN> C0036579 C19766 SELEGILINE 2K1V7GP655 Selegiline Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^2554^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2554</VA_IEN> STREPTOMYCIN http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=abd1f64e-4283-4370-aae8-3666316aa36e&type=display C0038425 N0000148018 C20374 <VANDF_Record>50.6^40^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>40</VA_IEN> 10109 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^2558^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2558</VA_IEN> Streptomycin 4019933 STREPTOMYCIN Active Y45QSO73OB TAMOXIFEN http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=063fa789-4570-4715-c3bd-1bad0449fb26&type=display C20576 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2565^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2565</VA_IEN> 4019939 <VANDF_Record>50.6^772^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>772</VA_IEN> Ingredient N0000148024 10324 C0039286 094ZI81Y45 TAMOXIFEN Tamoxifen Active TOLMETIN http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=a6c72634-4613-4d21-bc9a-09dad17eb137#nlm34084-4 N0000148037 <VANDF_Record>50.6^793^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>793</VA_IEN> 10636 C20990 TOLMETIN Tolmetin C0040377 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^2578^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2578</VA_IEN> 4019952 D8K2JPN18B Active TRIMIPRAMINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/016792s025lbl.pdf 10834 <VANDF_Record>50.6^384^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>384</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^2588^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2588</VA_IEN> TRIMIPRAMINE 6S082C9NDT C21180 Ingredient N0000148047 Active Trimipramine C0041056 4019962 ALDESLEUKIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/103293s5130lbl.pdf Aldesleukin 4019994 Ingredient C9902 C0218986 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2716^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2716</VA_IEN> ALDESLEUKIN 70223 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2620^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2620</VA_IEN> N0000148066 Active DIDANOSINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/020154s50,20155s39,20156s40,21183s16lbl.pdf 4020118 3364 N0000148104 K3GDH6OH08 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2753^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2753</VA_IEN> C0012133 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^2576^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2576</VA_IEN> DIDANOSINE C13724 Active Didanosine FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020038s033lbl.pdf 1X9VK9O1SC C0060483 <VANDF_Record>50.416^2814^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>2814</VA_IEN> 4020177 25102 Ingredient FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE Fludarabine phosphate C14754 N0000148119 Active SIMVASTATIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019766s083lbl.pdf SIMVASTATIN Simvastatin <VANDF_Record>50.416^3045^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3045</VA_IEN> C19902 Ingredient 4020400 36567 AGG2FN16EV C0074554 N0000148200 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^2708^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2708</VA_IEN> TICLOPIDINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/anda/99/75161_Ticlopidine%20Hydrochloride_Prntlbl.pdf N0000148235 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^2702^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2702</VA_IEN> 4020513 OM90ZUW7M1 10594 Ticlopidine TICLOPIDINE C0040207 Ingredient C20886 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3158^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3158</VA_IEN> FLUDARABINE fludarabine Ingredient FLUDARABINE C14752 4020528 N0000148244 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2271^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2271</VA_IEN> P2K93U8740 Active C0059985 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3173^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3173</VA_IEN> 24698 FLUTICASONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/20549slr016,20548slr020,20121slr030_flonase_lbl.pdf 4020529 CUT2W21N7U C14834 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^3174^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3174</VA_IEN> C0082607 fluticasone FLUTICASONE Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^2706^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2706</VA_IEN> N0000148245 41126 FOSCARNET http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/020068s017lbl.pdf N0000148246 33562 Foscarnet <VANDF_Record>50.6^2700^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2700</VA_IEN> Active 4020530 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3175^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3175</VA_IEN> C0070895 364P9RVW4X C14900 Ingredient FOSCARNET LOMEFLOXACIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/20013s015lbl.pdf C16602 28872 4020537 C0065162 Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^3183^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3183</VA_IEN> lomefloxacin <VANDF_Record>50.6^2698^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2698</VA_IEN> Ingredient LOMEFLOXACIN L6BR2WJD8V N0000148250 PRAVASTATIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019898s061lbl.pdf 4020548 Ingredient N0000148255 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2689^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2689</VA_IEN> C0085542 42463 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3194^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3194</VA_IEN> KXO2KT9N0G PRAVASTATIN Pravastatin C19096 Active ITRACONAZOLE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020083s046lbl.pdf C16204 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3206^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3206</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^2786^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2786</VA_IEN> 304NUG5GF4 4020560 Ingredient 28031 Active C0064113 ITRACONAZOLE N0000148264 Itraconazole TENIPOSIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020119s010s011lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^2771^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2771</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^3220^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3220</VA_IEN> Ingredient N0000148273 4020571 957E6438QA TENIPOSIDE Active 10362 C0039512 Teniposide C20660 CLADRIBINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=a2592a9b-bca6-4a5a-89c2-855a0634d5fe&type=display 4020629 N0000148293 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3278^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3278</VA_IEN> Active C0092801 44157 Cladribine <VANDF_Record>50.6^2787^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2787</VA_IEN> 47M74X9YT5 C12926 Ingredient CLADRIBINE PACLITAXEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020262s049lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^2770^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2770</VA_IEN> Active N0000148314 P88XT4IS4D <VANDF_Record>50.416^3386^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3386</VA_IEN> Ingredient C0144576 Paclitaxel C18066 PACLITAXEL 4020736 56946 SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fee7d073-0b99-48f2-7985-0d8cf970894b#nlm34084-4 C20530 C0206599 Ingredient N0000148323 J8BDZ68989 SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE <VANDF_Record>50.416^3445^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3445</VA_IEN> 67158 4020790 Sumatriptan Succinate Active AMLODIPINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019787s052lbl.pdf AMLODIPINE N0000148333 17767 Ingredient Amlodipine C11038 1J444QC288 C0051696 4020813 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2775^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2775</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^3469^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3469</VA_IEN> Active SOTALOL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/019865s020lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^2782^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2782</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^3470^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3470</VA_IEN> Active N0000148334 SOTALOL A6D97U294I 4020814 9947 C0037707 Ingredient C20188 Sotalol PAROXETINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020031s058s066,020710s022s030lbl.pdf Ingredient C0070122 Paroxetine Active 41VRH5220H N0000148335 32937 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2778^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2778</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^3471^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3471</VA_IEN> C18174 4020815 PAROXETINE STAVUDINE (d4T) http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020412s038,020413s030lbl.pdf Stavudine <VANDF_Record>50.6^4241^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4241</VA_IEN> Active C20314 STAVUDINE (d4T) 59763 Ingredient 4020865 C0164662 BO9LE4QFZF <VANDF_Record>50.416^3522^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3522</VA_IEN> N0000148369 TACROLIMUS <VANDF_Record>50.416^3525^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3525</VA_IEN> Tacrolimus N0000148372 4020868 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3228^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3228</VA_IEN> Ingredient C20568 C0085149 42316 TACROLIMUS WM0HAQ4WNM Active LOSARTAN N0000148401 4020913 C16628 Ingredient C0126174 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3573^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3573</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3285^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3285</VA_IEN> Losartan JMS50MPO89 52175 LOSARTAN Active LOSARTAN POTASSIUM http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020386s056lbl.pdf C0700492 Ingredient N0000148405 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3580^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3580</VA_IEN> 4020920 Losartan Potassium 203160 C16630 LOSARTAN POTASSIUM 3ST302B24A Active LANSOPRAZOLE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=924c5a35-4804-4e14-a2fc-2b84d186d257&type=display lansoprazole Active 0K5C5T2QPG 4020922 LANSOPRAZOLE <VANDF_Record>50.6^3296^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3296</VA_IEN> C16354 Ingredient N0000148407 C0050940 17128 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3582^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3582</VA_IEN> IOPROMIDE iopromide C0063817 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3306^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3306</VA_IEN> 712BAC33MZ C16014 Active IOPROMIDE <VANDF_Record>50.416^3589^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3589</VA_IEN> N0000148411 4020929 Ingredient 27781 LAMIVUDINE Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^3600^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3600</VA_IEN> LAMIVUDINE N0000148418 Ingredient 4020938 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3315^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3315</VA_IEN> C16292 68244 C0209738 Lamivudine 2T8Q726O95 SAQUINAVIR http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/021785s001,002,020828s019,020,020628s022,023lbl.pdf L3JE09KZ2F C0286738 N0000148419 Active SAQUINAVIR <VANDF_Record>50.416^3601^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3601</VA_IEN> C19734 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3316^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3316</VA_IEN> Ingredient 83395 4020939 Saquinavir ANASTROZOLE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=03586c40-eb32-45c5-beb7-6762a6b78790&type=display C11178 84857 C0290883 N0000148427 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^3610^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3610</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3323^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3323</VA_IEN> 4020948 anastrozole Active 2Z07MYW1AZ ANASTROZOLE BICALUTAMIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020498s022lbl.pdf N0000148428 A0Z3NAU9DP 83008 C0285590 4020950 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3325^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3325</VA_IEN> Ingredient bicalutamide Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^3614^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3614</VA_IEN> BICALUTAMIDE C11726 RITONAVIR http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020659s055,022417s006lbl.pdf 85762 4020963 RITONAVIR N0000148436 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3349^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3349</VA_IEN> Active O3J8G9O825 C19590 C0292818 Ritonavir Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^3629^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3629</VA_IEN> DOCETAXEL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022234s000lbl.pdf Ingredient C13972 DOCETAXEL N0000148441 C0246415 15H5577CQD <VANDF_Record>50.6^3352^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3352</VA_IEN> Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^3634^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3634</VA_IEN> 4020968 docetaxel 72962 ZAFIRLUKAST http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020547s031lbl.pdf zafirlukast ZAFIRLUKAST N0000148457 Active 114970 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3654^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3654</VA_IEN> C21644 Ingredient C0378466 4020987 XZ629S5L50 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3373^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3373</VA_IEN> NEVIRAPINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020636s039_020933s030lbl.pdf Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^3658^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3658</VA_IEN> C0132326 99DK7FVK1H NEVIRAPINE N0000148461 4020991 C17650 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3377^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3377</VA_IEN> 53654 Nevirapine Ingredient LEVOFLOXACIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020634s062s064,020635s068s070,021721s029s031lbl.pdf C0282386 82122 N0000148474 Levofloxacin Ingredient LEVOFLOXACIN C16454 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3386^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3386</VA_IEN> 4021005 Active 6GNT3Y5LMF <VANDF_Record>50.416^3672^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3672</VA_IEN> TIZANIDINE C20930 C0146011 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^3411^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3411</VA_IEN> Ingredient 57258 TIZANIDINE <VANDF_Record>50.416^3692^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3692</VA_IEN> 6AI06C00GW 4021025 tizanidine N0000148492 TOPIRAMATE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020505s042,020844s036lbl.pdf 4021026 C0076829 TOPIRAMATE <VANDF_Record>50.6^3412^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3412</VA_IEN> C21010 Ingredient topiramate 0H73WJJ391 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3693^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3693</VA_IEN> N0000148493 38404 Active SUMATRIPTAN <VANDF_Record>50.416^3718^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3718</VA_IEN> 4021050 C20528 8R78F6L9VO 37418 Sumatriptan SUMATRIPTAN Active Ingredient N0000148514 C0075632 <VANDF_Record>50.6^2772^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>2772</VA_IEN> ZOLMITRIPTAN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020768s019s021,021231s010s011lbl.pdf Active 135775 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3485^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3485</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^3762^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3762</VA_IEN> C0528166 N0000148550 2FS66TH3YW 4021094 zolmitriptan Ingredient ZOLMITRIPTAN C21712 TOLCAPONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020697s013s015lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^3763^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3763</VA_IEN> CIF6334OLY C0246330 N0000148551 tolcapone Active TOLCAPONE 4021095 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3486^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3486</VA_IEN> 72937 C20988 Ingredient CAPECITABINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020896s026lbl.pdf 6804DJ8Z9U <VANDF_Record>50.416^3767^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3767</VA_IEN> Ingredient C12188 Active capecitabine <VANDF_Record>50.6^3491^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3491</VA_IEN> N0000148555 194000 4021099 C0671970 CAPECITABINE RITUXIMAB http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b172773b-3905-4a1c-ad95-bab4b6126563#nlm34084-4 rituximab N0000148560 Active Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^3772^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3772</VA_IEN> 4021104 121191 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3496^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3496</VA_IEN> C19592 4F4X42SYQ6 RITUXIMAB C0393022 BASILIXIMAB Ingredient 196102 basiliximab C0676831 9927MT646M N0000148568 Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^3784^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3784</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3509^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3509</VA_IEN> BASILIXIMAB C11516 4021113 INFLIXIMAB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/103772s5301lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^3519^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3519</VA_IEN> 191831 INFLIXIMAB infliximab Ingredient B72HH48FLU C0666743 4021126 N0000148580 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3797^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3797</VA_IEN> C273255 Active LEFLUNOMIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020905s022lbl.pdf G162GK9U4W Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^3804^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3804</VA_IEN> 27169 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3527^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3527</VA_IEN> leflunomide N0000148586 LEFLUNOMIDE C16388 Active C0063041 4021132 EFAVIRENZ http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020972s040lbl.pdf 195085 C0674428 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^3528^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3528</VA_IEN> efavirenz N0000148587 EFAVIRENZ JE6H2O27P8 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3805^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3805</VA_IEN> 4021133 C14148 Ingredient THALIDOMIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/021430s000,020785s031lbl.pdf Active C0039736 10432 4021134 4Z8R6ORS6L <VANDF_Record>50.416^3806^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3806</VA_IEN> THALIDOMIDE C20760 Thalidomide <VANDF_Record>50.6^3529^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3529</VA_IEN> N0000148588 Ingredient TRASTUZUMAB http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2#nlm34084-4 4021140 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3812^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3812</VA_IEN> 224905 C21052 C0728747 Ingredient TRASTUZUMAB Active trastuzumab P188ANX8CK N0000148593 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3536^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3536</VA_IEN> ROFECOXIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/021052s026_021042s019lbl.pdf N0000148611 Active ROFECOXIB Ingredient 4021160 C0762662 0QTW8Z7MCR 232158 C19614 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3832^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3832</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3572^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3572</VA_IEN> rofecoxib RABEPRAZOLE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=5d103551-978f-472a-9c62-51e6e4dea068&type=display 32828355LL C19456 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3588^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3588</VA_IEN> Active 114979 Ingredient N0000148623 C0378482 4021174 RABEPRAZOLE rabeprazole <VANDF_Record>50.416^3846^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3846</VA_IEN> SIROLIMUS http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=3275b824-3f82-4151-2ab2-0036a9ba0acc&type=display <VANDF_Record>50.416^3848^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3848</VA_IEN> Active 35302 C0072980 N0000148624 Ingredient Sirolimus SIROLIMUS 4021176 W36ZG6FT64 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3589^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3589</VA_IEN> C19906 ZALEPLON http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/020859s011lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^3590^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3590</VA_IEN> C21652 N0000148625 S62U433RMH Ingredient C0251504 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3849^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3849</VA_IEN> Active 74667 zaleplon 4021177 ZALEPLON MOXIFLOXACIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021085s050s053,021277s046s050lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^3857^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3857</VA_IEN> moxifloxacin MOXIFLOXACIN 139462 C17462 N0000148632 4021185 C0536495 Ingredient U188XYD42P Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^3597^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3597</VA_IEN> GATIFLOXACIN http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=14312de6-67d4-4de2-854c-ef764090dd83&type=display 228476 N0000148634 Active C0753645 gatifloxacin <VANDF_Record>50.6^3598^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3598</VA_IEN> C14990 GATIFLOXACIN <VANDF_Record>50.416^3859^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3859</VA_IEN> 4021187 Ingredient L4618BD7KJ EXEMESTANE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020753s009s011s012lbl.pdf C0851344 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3863^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3863</VA_IEN> C14508 4021191 N0000148637 258494 exemestane Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^3603^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3603</VA_IEN> Active EXEMESTANE NY22HMQ4BX ALOSETRON http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021107s014lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^3866^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3866</VA_IEN> 13Z9HTH115 C10864 Ingredient 85248 C0291772 N0000148640 ALOSETRON 4021194 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3611^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3611</VA_IEN> alosetron Active BEXAROTENE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021055s006lbl.pdf C11724 A61RXM4375 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3869^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3869</VA_IEN> Ingredient Active N0000148643 4021197 C0765273 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3620^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3620</VA_IEN> bexarotene BEXAROTENE 233272 PANTOPRAZOLE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=4b4edc09-bbfd-471f-ac16-6118937a6e7e#nlm34084-4 4021208 C0081876 D8TST4O562 PANTOPRAZOLE N0000148654 pantoprazole Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^3880^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3880</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3635^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3635</VA_IEN> 40790 Active C18102 CEVIMELINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/020989s008lbl.pdf 4021212 C12614 cevimeline CEVIMELINE Ingredient K9V0CDQ56E <VANDF_Record>50.416^3884^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3884</VA_IEN> Active C0093437 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3638^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3638</VA_IEN> N0000148658 44281 LINEZOLID http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021130s022lbl.pdf ISQ9I6J12J C16518 Ingredient N0000148664 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3890^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3890</VA_IEN> C0663241 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3649^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3649</VA_IEN> 4021218 Active linezolid 190376 LINEZOLID RIVASTIGMINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=fead084a-a376-4d57-bdf0-aa7ed3655505#nlm34084-4 Ingredient Active C19596 N0000148665 4021219 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3650^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3650</VA_IEN> 183379 RIVASTIGMINE <VANDF_Record>50.416^3891^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3891</VA_IEN> rivastigmine PKI06M3IW0 C0649350 ZONISAMIDE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=f94b2ba4-024f-4068-8759-da6c8d31c546#nlm34084-4 459384H98V N0000148668 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3896^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3896</VA_IEN> Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^3655^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3655</VA_IEN> 39998 C21720 Ingredient C0078844 ZONISAMIDE 4021224 zonisamide ZIPRASIDONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/020825s038,020919s025,021483s005lbl.pdf C21710 4021249 C0380393 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3921^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3921</VA_IEN> ziprasidone 6UKA5VEJ6X ZIPRASIDONE Active 115698 N0000148690 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3688^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3688</VA_IEN> Ingredient PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/103949s5217s5222lbl.pdf G8RGG88B68 Ingredient 253453 C0796545 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3928^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3928</VA_IEN> peginterferon alfa-2b PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B C273259 4021256 Active N0000148697 IMATINIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021588s030s031lbl.pdf C0935989 4021257 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^3696^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3696</VA_IEN> BKJ8M8G5HI <VANDF_Record>50.416^3929^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3929</VA_IEN> IMATINIB Active N0000148698 C53876 imatinib 282388 VALGANCICLOVIR http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021304s008,022257s003lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^3935^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3935</VA_IEN> VALGANCICLOVIR Ingredient N0000148704 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3707^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3707</VA_IEN> C31700 4021263 valganciclovir 275891 C0909381 Active GCU97FKN3R ALMOTRIPTAN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021001s010s011lbl.pdf N0000148709 <VANDF_Record>50.416^3941^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3941</VA_IEN> Ingredient 279645 C0914729 4021269 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3711^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3711</VA_IEN> Active almotriptan 1O4XL5SN61 ALMOTRIPTAN C30948 TENOFOVIR http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021356s041lbl.pdf C0384228 Ingredient 4021279 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3724^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3724</VA_IEN> 99YXE507IL <VANDF_Record>50.416^3951^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3951</VA_IEN> C31664 N0000148716 117466 Active TENOFOVIR Tenofovir VALDECOXIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/21341lbl.pdf valdecoxib <VANDF_Record>50.416^3956^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>3956</VA_IEN> VALDECOXIB N0000148721 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3741^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3741</VA_IEN> Ingredient 4021284 Active 278567 C0913246 2919279Q3W C31696 VORICONAZOLE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021266s035,021267s040,021630s026lbl.pdf 4021347 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4021^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4021</VA_IEN> C31720 JFU09I87TR N0000148767 C0393080 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^3813^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3813</VA_IEN> voriconazole Active VORICONAZOLE 121243 OXALIPLATIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/078810s000lbl.pdf OXALIPLATIN 32592 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4029^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4029</VA_IEN> C31520 oxaliplatin Ingredient 04ZR38536J 4021355 C0069717 Active N0000148774 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3821^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3821</VA_IEN> ELETRIPTAN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021016s018lbl.pdf C31204 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3856^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3856</VA_IEN> 231049 eletriptan ELETRIPTAN C0759933 Ingredient 4021372 N0000148791 22QOO9B8KI <VANDF_Record>50.416^4046^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4046</VA_IEN> Active ENFUVIRTIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021481s020lbl.pdf C0537439 ENFUVIRTIDE Ingredient C31208 19OWO1T3ZE Active N0000148793 139896 enfuvirtide <VANDF_Record>50.416^4049^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4049</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3864^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3864</VA_IEN> 4021375 GEMIFLOXACIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021158s021lbl.pdf C0533545 Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^4062^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4062</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3877^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3877</VA_IEN> 4021386 Ingredient C31304 N0000148804 OKR68Y0E4T 138099 GEMIFLOXACIN gemifloxacin APREPITANT Active 358255 APREPITANT aprepitant Ingredient C30984 4021391 C1176306 N0000148809 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3884^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3884</VA_IEN> 1NF15YR6UY <VANDF_Record>50.416^4067^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4067</VA_IEN> BORTEZOMIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021602s029s030lbl.pdf C31052 bortezomib 69G8BD63PP <VANDF_Record>50.6^3886^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3886</VA_IEN> 4021393 N0000148811 Active Ingredient 358258 BORTEZOMIB <VANDF_Record>50.416^4069^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4069</VA_IEN> C1176309 EMTRICITABINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/021500s019lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^4071^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4071</VA_IEN> N0000148813 Active C0909839 EMTRICITABINE G70B4ETF4S Ingredient 276237 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3888^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3888</VA_IEN> emtricitabine C53864 4021395 TRIPTORELIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020715s025,021288s022,022437s003lbl.pdf 38782 C0077275 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3894^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3894</VA_IEN> Ingredient 9081Y98W2V C53936 4021400 N0000148818 Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^4076^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4076</VA_IEN> Triptorelin TRIPTORELIN VARDENAFIL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021400s013lbl.pdf Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^3898^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3898</VA_IEN> C53944 UCE6F4125H <VANDF_Record>50.416^4080^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4080</VA_IEN> 306674 N0000148820 C0971579 4021404 VARDENAFIL vardenafil Active MIGLUSTAT http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021348s008lbl.pdf C53892 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^3900^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3900</VA_IEN> 402316 C1321596 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4082^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4082</VA_IEN> Ingredient 4021406 Miglustat MIGLUSTAT ADN3S497AZ N0000148822 MEMANTINE http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=17b61eb2-2498-4d2e-9e1f-b0c2c21c9347#nlm34084-4,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021487s010s012s014,021627s008lbl.pdf Memantine 6719 Active W8O17SJF3T 4021409 MEMANTINE C0025242 Ingredient C53888 N0000148824 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4085^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4085</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3913^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3913</VA_IEN> DAPTOMYCIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021572s038lbl.pdf 4021414 C53856 Daptomycin Active 22299 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3920^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3920</VA_IEN> Ingredient N0000148828 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4090^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4090</VA_IEN> NWQ5N31VKK DAPTOMYCIN C0057144 TADALAFIL http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ff61b237-be8e-461b-8114-78c52a8ad0ae#nlm34084-4 C273295 C1176316 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4091^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4091</VA_IEN> 358263 tadalafil Active Ingredient 4021415 TADALAFIL N0000148829 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3925^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3925</VA_IEN> 742SXX0ICT PEMETREXED http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021462s029s030s032lbl.pdf Ingredient C273299 04Q9AIZ7NO PEMETREXED pemetrexed 4021417 C0210657 68446 Active N0000148831 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4093^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4093</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^3927^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3927</VA_IEN> TINIDAZOLE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/021618s003lbl.pdf C0040263 TINIDAZOLE 10612 033KF7V46H 4021467 Ingredient C273398 Tinidazole Active N0000148851 <VANDF_Record>50.6^3970^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>3970</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.416^4155^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4155</VA_IEN> ERLOTINIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021743s14s16lbl.pdf erlotinib J4T82NDH7E 4021511 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4203^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4203</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4033^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4033</VA_IEN> C1135135 C273486 Ingredient 337525 Active N0000148872 ERLOTINIB Alkynes [Chemical/Ingredient] D000480 C0002078 Acetylenic Compounds Alkynes C7757209141385 507 Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2. Acetylenes N0000166367 Alkynes M0000724 Phenoxypropanolamines [Chemical/Ingredient] C7757556548667 N0000166515 Phenoxy-Propanolamines Compounds based on a propanolamine attached via an OXYGEN atom to a phenoxy ring. The side chain is one carbon longer than PHENYLETHYLAMINES. M0473241 Phenoxypropanolamines D050198 587150 C1563753 Phenoxypropanolamines Nitrophenols [Chemical/Ingredient] Nitrophenols N0000166599 C7757728016549 7473 M0014911 D009596 Nitrophenols C0028188 Organogold Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000166781 Organic compounds that contain GOLD as an integral part of the molecule. Some are used as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS. The term chrysotherapy derives from an ancient Greek term for gold. D050607 C7758024259787 589356 M0476729 Organogold Compounds Organogold Compounds C1564425 Benzoxazines [Chemical/Ingredient] C0598594 N0000167044 Benzoxazines OXAZINES with a fused BENZENE ring. D048588 C7758506460737 154680 Benzoxazines M0461882 1-Deoxynojirimycin [Chemical/Ingredient] D017485 1-Deoxynojirimycin 43423 M0026526 C7758822898999 An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity. C0089267 3,4,5-Piperidinetriol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5beta))- N0000167204 1-Deoxynojirimycin Epothilones [Chemical/Ingredient] M0405146 A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES). D034261 Epothilon Epothilones Epothilones 337764 C1136012 C7758211020115 N0000167392 Epothilone Macromolecular Substances [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000167471 Macromolecular Substances Macromolecular Substances C1449655 D046911 Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure. C7759277952086 M0455942 469962 Macromolecular Compounds and Complexes Imino Sugars [Chemical/Ingredient] Imino Sugars D050111 N0000168504 593639 Sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom. This substitution prevents normal METABOLISM resulting in inhibition of GLYCOSIDASES and GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES. M0472664 C7757306585892 Imino Sugars C1563733 Imino Pyranoses [Chemical/Ingredient] 586407 5-Imino-Pyranoses N0000168505 C7757307043772 M0472665 1,5-Imino Sugars 1-N-Imino Sugars Imino Pyranoses Six-carbon pyranose sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom. D050112 C1563734 Imino Pyranoses Membrane Fusion Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000168691 C1564357 589182 M0476481 Membrane Fusion Proteins C7762026023419 Proteins that catalyze MEMBRANE FUSION. D050576 Membrane Fusion Proteins Vigabatrin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0048044 gamma-Vinyl-GABA M0328364 An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) 14851 gamma-Vinyl-gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Vigabatrin D020888 Vigabatrin C7757999946082 4-Amino-5-hexenoic Acid Vigabatrin N0000170228 Inflammation Mediators [Chemical/Ingredient] Inflammation Mediators C0243042 The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC). Mediators of Inflammation 71683 N0000171017 M0028191 D018836 C7764415934706 Inflammation Mediators Autacoids [Chemical/Ingredient] M0019975 9832 C7764425293996 Autacoids C0037343 A chemically diverse group of substances produced by various tissues in the body that cause slow contraction of smooth muscle; they have other intense but varied pharmacologic activities. Slow-Reacting Substances D012898 N0000171025 Autacoids Pigments, Biological [Chemical/Ingredient] C7764620980040 Pigments, Biological D010860 N0000171195 587457 Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms. Pigments, Biological C1571592 M0016854 pregabalin [Chemical/Ingredient] C080245 3-isobutyl GABA 187832 pregabalin pregabalin M0214473 C7765700397396 C0657912 pregabalin N0000171595 enfuvirtide [Chemical/Ingredient] C105196 N0000171600 M0274523 pentafuside C0537439 enfuvirtide C7765976926117 139896 enfuvirtide enfuvirtide tipranavir [Chemical/Ingredient] C7766023708879 C0663733 M0278998 C107201 tipranavir 190548 tipranavir tipranavir N0000171602 Headache Disorders, Primary [Disease/Finding] Conditions in which the primary symptom is HEADACHE and the headache cannot be attributed to any known causes. Headache Disorders, Primary D051270 N0000171629 1026706 Primary Headache Disorders Headache Disorders, Primary C7768697376063 C1565106 M0480011 Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias [Disease/Finding] 986844 N0000171634 D051303 C1565172 M0480084 C7768704400419 Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Primary headache disorders that show symptoms caused by the activation of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. These autonomic features include redness and tearing of the EYE, nasal congestion or discharge, facial SWEATING and other symptoms. Most subgroups show unilateral cranial PAIN. Renal Insufficiency [Disease/Finding] 1026620 D051437 C7769506319378 Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. Renal Insufficiency C1565489 Kidney Insufficiency N0000171642 M0480487 Renal Insufficiency Renal Insufficiency, Chronic [Disease/Finding] 236425005 Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) Chronic Kidney Insufficiency M0480472 1025359 N0000171643 C7769506596229 Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Chronic C0403447 Chronic Renal Insufficiency D051436 Kidney Insufficiency, Chronic Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological [Disease/Finding] Sex Disorders D012735 Sexual Disorders, Physiological C0237873 Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological C7769454662813 N0000171659 Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female. 1027365 M0019736 Sexual Dysfunctions, Physiological Dyslipidemias [Disease/Finding] C0242339 M0010831 Dyslipidemias Dyslipidemia Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL. C7772221546872 D050171 370992007 Dyslipidemias N0000171679 1030190 ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma [Disease/Finding] ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma ACTH-Producing Pituitary Adenoma 254958004 D049913 ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Pituitary Corticotropin-Secreting Adenoma M0470981 A pituitary adenoma which secretes ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN, leading to CUSHING DISEASE. Corticotroph Adenoma 1022338 N0000171690 Pituitary Adenoma, ACTH-Secreting C7767179526168 C1306214 SORAFENIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021923s012lbl.pdf 495881 Ingredient 9ZOQ3TZI87 C23260268461494 sorafenib <VANDF_Record>50.6^4098^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4098</VA_IEN> N0000171742 SORAFENIB Active 4025077 C1516119 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4259^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4259</VA_IEN> LENALIDOMIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021880s023lbl.pdf C1144149 342369 LENALIDOMIDE N0000171749 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4271^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4271</VA_IEN> lenalidomide F0P408N6V4 C23260276570066 4025089 Active Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^4111^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4111</VA_IEN> NELARABINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021877s001lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.416^4275^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4275</VA_IEN> nelarabine Active 4025093 N0000171753 274771 Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.6^4118^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4118</VA_IEN> NELARABINE C0907349 C23260280449330 RASAGILINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/021641s002s003s004s005s007s008s010lbl.pdf 4025261 Active N0000171790 RASAGILINE rasagiline C0525678 Ingredient 003N66TS6T C23283822792840 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4319^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4319</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4138^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4138</VA_IEN> 134748 VIGABATRIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020427s002lbl.pdf VIGABATRIN <VANDF_Record>50.6^4508^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4508</VA_IEN> Ingredient N0000171807 14851 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4338^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4338</VA_IEN> 4025280 C0048044 Active Vigabatrin C23283829651254 Platinum-containing Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C634435 N0000175073 Platinum-containing Compounds 991140 Nucleoside Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] C2266855 N0000175074 C634436 987332 Nucleoside Synthesis Inhibitors Proteasome Inhibitors [MoA] C634437 N0000175075 988088 Proteasome Inhibitors Proteosome Inhibitors C2266856 Proteasome Inhibitor Protein Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] C634438 Protein Kinase Inhibitors 993161 N0000175076 C2757016 Chemical Classes for Pharmacologic Classification [Chemical/Ingredient] C634443 991135 N0000175081 Chemical Classes for Pharmacologic Classification Kinase Inhibitors [MoA] 1025684 Kinase Inhibitors N0000175082 C634444 C1152564 Polyunsaturated Alkamides [Chemical/Ingredient] D053284 Alkylamides, Polyunsaturated C25661221459710 N0000175092 Polyunsaturated Alkylamides C1720954 Polyunsaturated Alkamides Polyunsaturated Alkamides 658214 M0492305 Amides composed of unsaturated aliphatic FATTY ACIDS linked with AMINES by an amide bond. They are most prominent in ASTERACEAE; PIPERACEAE; and RUTACEAE; and also found in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE; BRASSICACEAE; CONVOLVULACEAE; EUPHORBIACEAE; MENISPERMACEAE; POACEAE; and SOLANACEAE. They are recognized by their pungent taste and for causing numbing and salivation. Alkamides, Polyunsaturated 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles [Chemical/Ingredient] C1721069 D053799 N0000175098 Benzimidazole Methylpyridine Sulfoxides 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles C25671927244663 M0496552 Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles 658403 Quinazolinones [Chemical/Ingredient] C25677206981334 Chemicals with two conjoined aromatic rings incorporating two nitrogen atoms and one of the carbons oxidized with a keto oxygen. D052999 C1720912 Quinazolinones N0000175104 657853 M0490629 Quinazolinones nelarabine [Chemical/Ingredient] M0359430 N0000175345 nelarabine C0907349 C104457 C25703953619244 2-amino-6-methoxypurine arabinoside 2-amino-9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-6-methoxy-9H-purine nelarabine nelarabine 274771 lenalidomide [Chemical/Ingredient] 3-(4-Amino-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione M0479831 C25704408524826 342369 N0000175347 C467567 lenalidomide C1144149 2,6-Piperidinedione, 3-(4-amino-1,3-dihydro-1-oxo-2H- isoindol-2-yl)- IMiD3 cpd lenalidomide lenalidomide sorafenib [Chemical/Ingredient] 4-(4-(3-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)ureido)phenoxy)pyridine-2-carboxyllic acid methyamide-4-methylbenzenesulfonate C471405 M0446095 sorafenib C25704431991775 sorafenib sorafenib 495881 N0000175349 C1516119 eszopiclone [Chemical/Ingredient] Eszopiclone C1436328 C515051 (+)-(5S)-6(chloropyridine-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo(3,4-b)-pyrazin-5-yl-4-methyl-piperazine-1-carboxylate N0000175354 461016 eszopiclone eszopiclone C25705053602902 M0463158 Binding Activity [MoA] C2266866 Binding Activity N0000175355 C634738 990338 Cholinergic Interactions [MoA] C634751 Cholinergic Interactions C2266879 N0000175368 987379 Cholinergic Agonists [MoA] C634752 N0000175369 C2757066 Cholinergic Agonists 1033063 Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Receptor Blocking Activity [MoA] C2267209 TNF-a Receptor Blocking Activity 988325 N0000175446 Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Receptor Blocking Activity C30270 TNF-alpha Receptor Blocking Activity Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA] C634830 C2266939 Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists 988660 N0000175450 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Blocking Activity [MoA] N0000175451 C634831 TNF Blocker TNF Receptor Blocking Activity Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Blocking Activity 984952 C2266940 Metal Chelating Activity [MoA] C634853 N0000175472 C1154714 Metal Chelating Activity 986481 Lipopeptides [Chemical/Ingredient] D055666 M0519359 Lipopeptides C2266975 N0000175508 819804 Lipopeptides C634901 Compounds consisting of a short peptide chain conjugated with an acyl chain. Decreased Immunologic Activity [PE] Decreased Immunologic Activity N0000175550 Immunologic Suppression Immunosuppression 989722 C1373218 Immune Suppression C634943 Immune System Suppression Increased Immunologic Activity [PE] Immunologic Stimulation C634944 C2267003 Immunostimulation Increased Immunologic Activity Immune Stimulation 990348 Immune System Stimulation N0000175551 Autonomic Nervous System Activity Alteration [PE] Autonomic Nervous System Activity Alteration N0000175642 990764 C635035 C2267060 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] C635127 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Compounds Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Compounds Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Compounds 991139 Non-steroidal Antiinflammatory Compounds N0000175721 Peripheral Nervous System Activity Alteration [PE] C635131 N0000175725 992027 Peripheral Nervous System Activity Alteration C2917266 Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA] C2917205 991925 N0000175919 Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors C635357 Coagulation Activity Alteration [PE] N0000175977 Coagulation Activity Alteration 991697 C635431 C2917139 Decreased Coagulation Activity [PE] Anti-coagulation Activity C2917212 Anticoagulation Activity N0000175978 1024413 Decreased Coagulation Activity C635432 Anticoagulation Anti-coagulation Increased Coagulation Activity [PE] Pro-coagulation Activity 992037 C2917275 C635433 Procoagulation Activity Increased Coagulation Activity N0000175979 Pro-coagulation Procoagulation DASATINIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021986s009s010lbl.pdf 4025488 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4401^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4401</VA_IEN> dasatinib <VANDF_Record>50.6^4184^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4184</VA_IEN> N0000176043 475342 C1455147 Ingredient RBZ1571X5H C50.416.4401 DASATINIB Active TELBIVUDINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022011S012,022154S009lbl.pdf 474128 C50.416.4431 2OC4HKD3SF <VANDF_Record>50.416^4431^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4431</VA_IEN> Ingredient TELBIVUDINE 4025782 telbivudine C1453933 N0000176071 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4213^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4213</VA_IEN> Active MYCOPHENOLATE 4025608 Ingredient C0883242 Active N0000176078 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4438^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4438</VA_IEN> 265323 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4198^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4198</VA_IEN> MYCOPHENOLATE C50.416.4438 MYCOPHENOLATE MARAVIROC http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022128s007lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^4297^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4297</VA_IEN> 620216 N0000176115 C50.416.4476 MD6P741W8A C1667052 MARAVIROC 4026629 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4476^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4476</VA_IEN> Ingredient maraviroc Active IXABEPILONE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022065s006lbl.pdf 4026737 C50.416.4480 C1135132 Ingredient N0000176119 IXABEPILONE ixabepilone Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^4480^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4480</VA_IEN> K27005NP0A <VANDF_Record>50.6^4306^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4306</VA_IEN> 337523 NILOTINIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022068s008s009lbl.pdf 4026964 F41401512X Active nilotinib 662281 N0000176124 C50.416.4485 NILOTINIB C1721377 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4485^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4485</VA_IEN> <VANDF_Record>50.6^4315^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4315</VA_IEN> Ingredient ETRAVIRINE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022187s008lbl.pdf ETRAVIRINE N0000176133 etravirine 4027244 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4494^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4494</VA_IEN> 475969 0C50HW4FO1 C1456409 C50.416.4494 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4335^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4335</VA_IEN> Ingredient Active FOSAPREPITANT Ingredient 754762 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4496^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4496</VA_IEN> Active 4027246 6L8OF9XRDC <VANDF_Record>50.6^4340^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4340</VA_IEN> N0000176135 FOSAPREPITANT C50.416.4496 C2349941 FOSAPREPITANT DIMEGLUMINE <VANDF_Record>50.416^4497^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4497</VA_IEN> Active C50.416.4497 FOSAPREPITANT DIMEGLUMINE 754763 4027247 C2315887 N0000176136 Fosaprepitant dimeglumine D35FM8T64X Ingredient CERTOLIZUMAB 4027433 CERTOLIZUMAB Active Ingredient C50.416.4517 709271 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4367^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4367</VA_IEN> certolizumab pegol C1872109 N0000176156 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4517^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4517</VA_IEN> HISTRELIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021732s007s010s012lbl.pdf 50975 C50.6.4139 N0000176176 HISTRELIN C0121902 4025500 Ingredient histrelin <VANDF_Record>50.6^4139^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4139</VA_IEN> Active LEVOLEUCOVORIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020140s002lbl.pdf Active C2721771 877015 C50.416.4570 levoleucovorin Ingredient 4028507 N0000177954 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4570^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4570</VA_IEN> LEVOLEUCOVORIN <VANDF_Record>50.6^4439^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4439</VA_IEN> peginterferon alfa-2b [Chemical/Ingredient] pegylated interferon alfa-2b PEG INF alpha-2b C0796545 PEG-interferon alfa-2b PEG-IFNalpha-2b peginterferon alfa-2b PEG INF alfa-2b 253453 PEG-IFN alfa-2b polyethylene glycol-interferon alpha-2b pegylated interferon alpha-2b peginterferon alfa-2b N0000178331 C417083 polyethylene glycol-interferon alfa-2b C637785 peginterferon alpha-2b peginterferon alfa-2b PEG-interferon alpha-2b M0374956 PEG-IFN alpha-2b GOLIMUMAB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/125289s0038lbl.pdf <VANDF_Record>50.6^4460^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4460</VA_IEN> C2353893 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4583^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4583</VA_IEN> GOLIMUMAB Active 819300 Ingredient 4028717 N0000178413 golimumab C50.416.4583 Blood Pressure Alteration [PE] Blood Pressure Alteration C637932 C2917124 N0000178476 991626 Decreased Blood Pressure [PE] 991700 C2917141 C637933 N0000178477 Decreased Blood Pressure Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived [Chemical/Ingredient] Murine-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies C2916903 991130 N0000178479 Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats. C637952 Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived D058846 M0544940 CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/125160s111lbl.pdf Ingredient <VANDF_Record>50.416^4609^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4609</VA_IEN> 709271 certolizumab pegol C50.416.4609 C1872109 Active CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL N0000178499 4028807 Azabicyclo Compounds [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000178749 CMSHM0499252 Bicyclic bridged compounds that contain a nitrogen which has three bonds. The nomenclature indicates the number of atoms in each path around the rings, such as [2.2.2] for three equal length paths. Some members are TROPANES and BETA LACTAMS. C1955840 Azabicyclo Compounds Azabicyclo Compounds 737880 M0499252 D053961 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins [Chemical/Ingredient] D054298 C1955876 M0503879 733867 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gene Products N0000178752 CMSHM0503879 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV Gene Products HIV Proteins env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus [Chemical/Ingredient] env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus CMSHM0503881 env Proteins, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins encoded by the ENV GENE of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS. D054299 738284 N0000178753 env Gene Products, HIV M0503881 env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus C1955877 envelope Proteins, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Isoindoles [Chemical/Ingredient] CMSHM0508166 Isoindoles D054833 N0000178808 742374 C1956073 M0508166 Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number two carbon, in contrast to INDOLES which have the nitrogen adjacent to the six-membered ring. Isoindoles fludarabine monophosphate [Chemical/Ingredient] fludarabine phosphate C042382 fludarabine monophosphate M0125188 25102 fluoro-ara-AMP FaraAMP N0000179136 9 beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine monophosphate Fludarabine phosphate CMSHM0125188 fludarabine monophosphate C0060483 F-ara-AMP Etidronate [Chemical/Ingredient] Hydroxyethanediphosphonate Ethanehydroxyphosphate N0000179310 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-Diphosphonate D012968 Etidronate Etidronate M0020101 EHDP HEDP CMSHM0020101 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Bisphosphonate 1,1-hydroxyethylenediphosphonate C0086268 Etidronate 42682 Ethanehydroxydiphosphonate Sumatriptan Succinate [Chemical/Ingredient] C0206599 CMSHM0027393 67158 M0027393 N0000179363 Sumatriptan Succinate Sumatriptan Succinate Sumatriptan Succinate D018170 Penicillin [Chemical/Ingredient] C0220892 70618 Penicillin CMSHM0016153 D010406 N0000179370 Penicillin Penicillin M0016153 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000179399 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride M0361510 CMSHM0361510 C0282104 D002939 81981 Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Levofloxacin [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000179456 Ofloxacin, (S)-Isomer C0282386 D015242 CMSHM0329513 Levofloxacin Levofloxacin Levofloxacin 82122 M0329513 rasagiline [Chemical/Ingredient] 134748 N0000179514 CMSHM0100095 rasagiline N-2-propynyl-1-indanamine C0525678 rasagiline C031967 M0100095 rasagiline methylprednisolone acetate [Chemical/Ingredient] C000873 N0000179565 C0600901 acetyl-methylprednisolone CMSHM0040839 methylprednisolone-21-acetate 155323 M0040839 methylprednisolone acetate methylprednisolone acetate methylprednisolone acetate Enalapril Maleate [Chemical/Ingredient] CMSHM0331398 N0000179593 203123 M0331398 Enalapril Maleate D004656 Enalapril Maleate Enalapril Maleate C0700452 Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride [Chemical/Ingredient] Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride CMSHM0330040 C0700458 M0330040 N0000179596 203129 Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride D008942 Losartan Potassium [Chemical/Ingredient] 203160 Losartan Monopotassium Salt D019808 C0700492 Losartan Potassium N0000179615 CMSHM0351838 Losartan Potassium Losartan Potassium M0351838 Leuprolide Acetate [Chemical/Ingredient] M0329431 D016729 N0000179654 Leuprolide Acetate 203217 CMSHM0329431 Leuprolide Acetate C0700596 Leuprolide Acetate posaconazole [Chemical/Ingredient] http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=b073b082-7b57-4423-8c06-,https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/022003s018s020,0205053s002s004,0205596s001s003lbl.pdf4fd4263d6f84&type=display C101425 posaconazole posaconazole 282446 CMSHM0265888 N0000179745 C0936148 M0265888 posaconazole ixabepilone [Chemical/Ingredient] ixabepilone M0473543 ixabepilone C430592 CMSHM0473543 N0000179767 337523 C1135132 ixabepilone telbivudine [Chemical/Ingredient] telbivudine M0469133 474128 telbivudine CMSHM0469133 C487779 C1453933 N0000179779 telbivudine beta-L-2'-deoxythymidine dasatinib [Chemical/Ingredient] M0470497 dasatinib CMSHM0470497 dasatinib C488369 C1455147 475342 dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)thiazole-5-carboxamide N0000179780 etravirine [Chemical/Ingredient] N0000179781 etravirine 475969 CMSHM0420447 C1456409 etravirine etravirine M0420447 C451734 maraviroc [Chemical/Ingredient] C1667052 M0493371 620216 CMSHM0493371 maraviroc C502411 N0000179791 maraviroc maraviroc TOCILIZUMAB http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=2e5365ff-cb2a-4b16-b2c7-e35c6bf2de13#nlm34084-4 Active <VANDF_Record>50.416^4670^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4670</VA_IEN> C50.416^4670^ C1609165 Ingredient TOCILIZUMAB 4029705 612865 tocilizumab <VANDF_Record>50.6^4548^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4548</VA_IEN> N0000180629 Lipid Metabolism Disorders [Disease/Finding] 1023349 CMSHM0486903 D052439 M0486903 Lipid Metabolism Disorders C0154251 N0000181055 Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body. Lipid Metabolism Disorders Leukoencephalopathies [Disease/Finding] CMSHM0529130 N0000181110 1023470 Leukoencephalopathies Leukoencephalopathy D056784 Leukoencephalopathies M0529130 C0270612 Any of various diseases affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. White Matter Diseases Cardiovascular Infections [Disease/Finding] Infections, Cardiovascular Pathological conditions of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM caused by infections. N0000181166 D053821 M0496690 CMSHM0496690 1021827 Cardiovascular Infections Cardiovascular Infections C0596270 Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases [Disease/Finding] Hereditary Recurrent Fevers M0528303 1002196 C0751422 CMSHM0528303 D056660 Hereditary Autoinflammation Diseases N0000181174 Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes Hereditary inflammation conditions, characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation. Common symptoms include recurrent fever, rash, arthritis, fatigue, and secondary AMYLOIDOSIS. Hereditary autoinflammatory diseases are associated with mutations in genes involved in regulation of normal inflammatory process and are not caused by AUTOANTIBODIES, or antigen specific T-LYMPHOCYTES. Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases Leprosy, Multibacillary [Disease/Finding] CMSHM0524817 A form of LEPROSY classified by the World Health Organization for the purpose of treatment, based on clinical manifestations and skin smear results. Patients with multibacillary leprosy have six or more lesions with or without positive skin smear results for the causative agent MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Multibacillary leprosy encompasses borderline lepromatous, midborderline, and lepromatous leprosy. 1021786 Leprosy, Multibacillary Multibacillary Leprosy N0000181226 D056006 Midborderline Lepromatous Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy, Multibacillary C1562585 M0524817 Female Urogenital Diseases [Disease/Finding] M0489295 C1720887 Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT and the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE). 1024696 D052776 Female Urogenital Diseases CMSHM0489295 Female Genitourinary Diseases N0000181236 Female Urogenital Diseases Neoplasms, Plasma Cell [Disease/Finding] CMSHM0502872 D054219 Neoplasms associated with a proliferation of a single clone of PLASMA CELLS and characterized by the secretion of PARAPROTEINS. N0000181264 1005768 C1959632 M0502872 Neoplasms, Plasma Cell Neoplasms, Plasma Cell Plasma Cell Neoplasms Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma [Disease/Finding] M0502706 D054198 A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Leukemia, Lymphoid, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Acute Leukemia, Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Lymphoma, Lymphoblastic Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute C1961102 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Lymphoblastic Leukemia N0000181267 Acute Lymphoid Leukemia CMSHM0502706 Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute 1024792 Euglenozoa Infections [Disease/Finding] N0000181296 C2717956 D056986 Euglenozoa Infections CMSHM0533725 1028488 Infections with the protozoa of the phylum EUGLENOZOA. M0533725 Euglenozoa Infections Proteostasis Deficiencies [Disease/Finding] C2718000 CMSHM0534903 D057165 Disorders caused by imbalances in the protein homeostasis network - synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins; post-translational modifications; and degradation or clearance of misfolded proteins. N0000181302 Proteostasis Deficiencies Proteostasis Deficiencies M0534903 1002154 Proteostasis Dysfunctions CABAZITAXEL http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/201023lbl.pdf C2830183 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4570^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4570</VA_IEN> Ingredient CABAZITAXEL 996051 4030043 cabazitaxel N0000181529 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4693^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4693</VA_IEN> Active C50.416^4693^ Fibric Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] Fibric Acids Fibric Acids Methyl-2-Phenoxypropanoic Acid Derivatives C2936462 D058607 2-Phenoxy Isobutyric Acids CMSHM0543661 2-Phenoxy-2-Methylpropionic Acid Derivatives Compounds that either share the structure of fibric acid in their molecular arrangement or are considered variants of the fibric acid structure. Fibric Acid Derivatives M0543661 1029707 N0000182116 Isobutyric Acids [Chemical/Ingredient] 2-Methylpropionic Acids Isobutyric Acids C2936465 1023292 Dimethylacetic Acids N0000182117 CMSHM0543641 Isobutyric Acids D058610 M0543641 Aliphatic acids that contain four carbons in a branched-chain configuration. Thienopyridines [Chemical/Ingredient] Thienopyridines N0000182125 Thienopyridines D058924 Thienopyridine Derivatives Heterocyclic compounds that contain 4H,5H,6H,7H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine as part of their structure. M0545395 1031667 CMSHM0545395 C2936588 TESAMORELIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/022505s001s003lbl.pdf C50.416^4719^ TESAMORELIN N0000182253 <VANDF_Record>50.6^4599^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4599</VA_IEN> 1044584 tesamorelin C1876200 Active Ingredient 4030295 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4719^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4719</VA_IEN> ERIBULIN http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/201532lbl.pdf C2350866 C50.6^4600^ 1045453 4030302 Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^4600^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4600</VA_IEN> eribulin ERIBULIN N0000182260 Ingredient IPILIMUMAB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/125377s0000lbl.pdf Ingredient 1094833 N0000182641 <VANDF_Record>50.416^4740^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.416</VA_File><VA_IEN>4740</VA_IEN> Active <VANDF_Record>50.6^4623^</VANDF_Record><VA_File>50.6</VA_File><VA_IEN>4623</VA_IEN> IPILIMUMAB ipilimumab C50.416^4740^ 4030653 VEMURAFENIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/202429s000lbl.pdf CRIZOTINIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202570s003lbl.pdf CARFILZOMIB http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202714lbl.pdf TERIFLUNOMIDE http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202992s000lbl.pdf entity entity BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index continuant continuant Continuant (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) occurrent (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent occurrent Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) independent continuant IndependentContinuant (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) a heart ic a chair a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth process Process (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. disposition (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. Disposition (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] disposition If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis realizable entity (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) RealizableEntity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) realizable the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet quality (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] quality Quality (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril specifically dependent continuant (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] SpecificallyDependentContinuant A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. sdc the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. Role role (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role site (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] Manhattan Canyon) site Site a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) object object Object BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 atom b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star generically dependent continuant gdc (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. material entity material (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) the undetached arm of a human being immaterial entity immaterial BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 ImmaterialEntity disease of metabolism A disease that involving errors in metabolic processes of building or degradation of molecules. DOID:0014667 ICD10CM:E88.9 ICD9CM:277.9 MESH:D008659 NCI:C3235 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154733004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190961002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267456000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:30390004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:75934005 UMLS_CUI:C0025517 disease_ontology metabolic disease carbohydrate metabolism disease An acquired metabolic disease that is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. DOID:0050013 disease_ontology invasive aspergillosis An aspergillosis that is a serious fungal infection of the lung with pneumonia caused by Aspergillus, which spreads to other parts of the body through bloodstream in patients with acute leukemia and recipients of tissue transplants. Clinical symptoms include pulmonary nodules and hemorrhage. DOID:0050073 disease_ontology disease by infectious agent A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. DOID:0050117 DOID:10115 DOID:11078 DOID:1304 DOID:1321 DOID:2040 DOID:2288 DOID:3099 DOID:4120 DOID:4620 DOID:5256 DOID:945 DOID:95 DOID:9532 DOID:9696 ICD9CM:079.0 UMLS_CUI:C0001485 disease_ontology infectious disease sinusitis A paranasal sinus disease involving inflammation of the paranasal sinuses resulting from bacterial, fungal, viral infection, allergic or autoimmune issues. Symptoms can include fever, weakness, fatigue, cough and congestion. There may also be mucus drainage in the back of the throat, called postnasal drip. DOID:0050127 DOID:2052 DOID:9564 ICD10CM:J01 ICD10CM:J01.9 ICD10CM:J01.90 ICD9CM:461 ICD9CM:461.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155498004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155501004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:15805002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195649005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195653007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266378004 UMLS_CUI:C0149512 disease_ontology systemic mycosis A fungal infectious disease that results_in infection of internal organs and tissues located_in human body, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which enter the body via the respiratory tract, through the gut, paranasal sinuses or skin and spread through the bloodstream to multiple organs. DOID:0050136 disease_ontology sensory system disease A nervous system disease which is located in a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information that consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, somatic sensation (touch), taste and olfaction (smell). DOID:0050155 disease_ontology lower respiratory tract disease A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract. DOID:0050161 ICD9CM:478.1 ICD9CM:478.19 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195823002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266346007 UMLS_CUI:C0029581 disease_ontology monogenic disease A genetic disease that is the result of one or more abnormal alleles and may be dominant (a single copy of the abnormal allele is sufficient to give rise to the disease), semi-dominant, or recessive (requiring both copies of the gene to have an abnormal allele). DOID:0050177 disease_ontology primary bacterial infectious disease A bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection by bacteria as a result of their presence or activity within the normal, healthy host, and their intrinsic virulence is, in part, a necessary consequence of their need to reproduce and spread. DOID:0050338 disease_ontology commensal bacterial infectious disease A bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection by bacteria which are part of the normal human flora when one or more of the defense mechanisms designed to restrict them from the usually sterile internal tissues are breached by accident, by intent (surgery), or by an underlying metabolic or an infectious disorder. DOID:0050339 disease_ontology inflammatory bowel disease An intestinal disease characterized by inflammation located_in all parts of digestive tract. DOID:0050589 EFO:0003767 KEGG:05321 MESH:D015212 NCI:C3138 OMIM:PS266600 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155759008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196974002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:24526004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266516008 UMLS_CUI:C0021390 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology respiratory system cancer An organ system cancer located_in the respiratory system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in the respiratory tract. DOID:0050615 disease_ontology female breast cancer 2011-06-15T02:48:20Z DOID:0050671 disease_ontology snadendla organ system cancer 2011-06-13T03:28:33Z A cancer that is classified based on the organ it starts in. DOID:0050686 disease_ontology snadendla MESH:D009371 cell type cancer 2011-06-13T03:28:50Z A cancer that is classified by the type of cell from which it is derived. DOID:0050687 disease_ontology snadendla autosomal recessive disease 2012-07-24T12:51:47Z An autosomal genetic disease that is characterized by the presence of two mutated copies of the gene, both of which must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop. DOID:0050737 disease_ontology lschriml autosomal genetic disease 2012-07-24T04:45:53Z A monogenic disease that is has material basis in a mutation in a single gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes. DOID:0050739 disease_ontology lschriml mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma 2012-09-18T01:56:52Z A non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has_material_basis_in mature T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. DOID:0050743 NK-T cell lymphoma disease_ontology lschriml mature T-cell and natural killer cell lymphoma secondary progressive multiple sclerosis 2013-11-07T11:22:49Z A multiple sclerosis that is characterised by a worsening of disability, rather than by relapses followed by recovery, which progressively worsens until a steady progression of disability replaces the cycles of attacks. DOID:0050783 MESH:D020528 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:425500002 SPMS Secondary-progressive MS UMLS_CUI:C0751965 disease_ontology lschriml endocardium disease 2014-02-12T01:53:42Z A heart disease that is located_in the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. DOID:0050825 disease_ontology lschriml artery disease 2014-02-12T03:08:35Z A vascular disease that is located_in an artery. DOID:0050828 disease_ontology lschriml synucleinopathy 2014-08-14T03:29:17Z A neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons, nerve fibres or glial cells. DOID:0050890 Synucleinopathies alpha Synucleinopathies disease_ontology lschriml large intestine adenocarcinoma 2014-10-13T15:00:10Z A large intestine cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells of glandular origin. DOID:0050913 disease_ontology lschriml autoimmune disease of endocrine system A hypersensitivity reaction type II disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system resulting in production of antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the endocrine system. DOID:0060005 disease_ontology developmental disorder of mental health A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. DOID:0060037 disease_ontology specific developmental disorder A developmental disorder of mental health that categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination. DOID:0060038 disease_ontology sexual disorder A disease of mental health that involves the impairment in normal sexual functioning. DOID:0060043 disease_ontology hypersensitivity reaction disease An immune system disease that has material basis in abnormal immune responses. DOID:0060056 disease_ontology lymphoma A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs. DOID:0060058 DOID:1033 DOID:353 ICD10CM:C85.9 MESH:D008223 NCI:C3208 NCI:C7065 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:115244002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118600007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:134218000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188676008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188694002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188695001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188704004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189959002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189965002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21964009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269627002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414628006 UMLS_CUI:C0024299 UMLS_CUI:C0598798 disease_ontology lymphoid cancer non-Hodgkin lymphoma A lymphoma that is characterized as any kind of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphoma. DOID:0060060 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. OMIM:605027 disease_ontology pre-malignant neoplasm 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer. DOID:0060071 disease_ontology lschriml benign neoplasm 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize. DOID:0060072 disease_ontology lschriml estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer 2011-06-08T12:23:02Z DOID:0060075 disease_ontology lschriml breast benign neoplasm 2011-06-08T01:02:29Z DOID:0060082 disease_ontology lschriml immune system cancer 2011-06-08T01:11:18Z An organ system cancer located_in the immune system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in organs of the immune system. DOID:0060083 disease_ontology lschriml cell type benign neoplasm 2011-07-14T11:59:48Z A benign neoplasm that is classified by the type of cell or tissue from which it is derived. DOID:0060084 disease_ontology lschriml organ system benign neoplasm 2011-07-14T12:12:23Z A benign neoplasm that is classified by the organ system from which it is arising from. DOID:0060085 disease_ontology lschriml thoracic benign neoplasm 2011-07-15T01:55:57Z An organ system benign neoplam that is located_in the thoracic cavity. DOID:0060097 disease_ontology lschriml musculoskeletal system cancer 2011-07-15T02:30:51Z An organ system cancer located_in the muscular and skeletal organs and characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of the musculoskeletal organs. DOID:0060100 DOID:0060124 disease_ontology lschriml skeletal system cancer thoracic disease 2011-07-25T02:23:47Z A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the thoracic cavity. DOID:0060118 disease_ontology lschriml pain agnosia 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive and process pain. DOID:0060145 analgesia disease_ontology lschriml acquired metabolic disease 2011-08-24T02:53:03Z A disease of metabolism that has _material_basis_in enzyme deficiency or accumulation of enzymes or toxins which interfere with normal function due to an endocrine organ disease, organ malfunction, inadequate intake, dietary deficiency, or malabsorption. DOID:0060158 disease_ontology lschriml pain disorder 2011-09-07T01:42:46Z A somatoform disorder that involves chronic pain in one or more areas, and is thought to be caused by psychological stress. DOID:0060164 disease_ontology lschriml colitis 2014-09-12T14:31:45Z An inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation located_in colon. DOID:0060180 EFO:0003872 ICD10CM:K52.9 MESH:D003092 NCI:C26723 OMIM:191390 SNOMEDCT:64226004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64226004 UMLS_CUI:C0009319 disease_ontology emitraka EAST syndrome A syndrome characterize by seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance. It has material basis in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KCNJ10 gene on chromosome 1q23. MESH:C557674 OMIM:612780 ORDO:199343 SeSAME syndrome UMLS_CUI:C2748572 epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness and tubulopathy seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation and electrolyte imbalance myeloid neoplasm A bone marrow cancer that is formed of any one of the bone marrow cells belonging to the granulocytic (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), monocytic/macrophage, erythroid, megakaryocytic and mast cell lineages. DOID:0070004 disease_ontology myeloma bone disease A connective tissue disease that affects the structure or development of bone or causes an impairment of normal bone function. DOID:0080001 DOID:1290 ICD10CM:M89.9 MESH:D001847 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156814002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:203524000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268126004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274145000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:308147009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:76069003 UMLS_CUI:C0005940 disease_ontology skeletal disease Cytomegalovirus retinitis CMV retinitis A retinitis that has_material_basis_in Cytomegalovirus. MESH:D017726 DOID:0080160 duodenum cancer A small intestine cancer that is located_in the beginning section of the small intestine. DOID:10021 DOID:6072 Duodenal cancer ICD10CM:C17.0 ICD9CM:152.0 MESH:D004379 NCI:C4803 NCI:C9328 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154555009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254570009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269615000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363403002 UMLS_CUI:C0153426 UMLS_CUI:C0541912 cancer of duodenum disease_ontology duodenal neoplasm small intestine cancer An intestinal cancer that is located_in the small intestine. DOID:10154 ICD10CM:C17 ICD10CM:C17.9 ICD9CM:152.9 NCI:C7523 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154555009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187755009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269615000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363509000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94048009 UMLS_CUI:C0153425 disease_ontology intestinal cancer A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the intestine. DOID:10155 ICD10CM:C26.0 ICD9CM:159.0 MESH:D007414 NCI:C4572 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187819006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190089002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363508008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93838000 UMLS_CUI:C0346627 disease_ontology malignant intestinal tumors malignant neoplasm of intestine heart conduction disease A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system. DOID:10273 ICD9CM:426.6 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195053008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195056000 UMLS_CUI:C0029630 disease_ontology heart rhythm disease prostate cancer A male reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the prostate. DOID:10283 DOID:514 ICD10CM:C61 ICD9CM:185 KEGG:05215 MESH:D011471 NCI:C3343 NCI:C7378 NGP - new growth of prostate OMIM:176807 OMIM:300147 OMIM:300704 OMIM:601518 OMIM:602759 OMIM:608656 OMIM:608658 OMIM:609299 OMIM:609558 OMIM:610321 OMIM:610997 OMIM:611100 OMIM:611868 OMIM:611928 OMIM:611955 OMIM:611958 OMIM:611959 ORDO:1331 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126906006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363448003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:399068003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93974005 UMLS_CUI:C0033578 UMLS_CUI:C0376358 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology hereditary prostate cancer malignant tumor of the prostate prostate cancer, familial prostate neoplasm prostatic cancer prostatic neoplasm tumor of the prostate prostate carcinoma A prostate cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. DOID:10286 EFO:0001663 KEGG:05215 NCI:C4863 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154531004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254900004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363448003 UMLS_CUI:C0600139 cancer of prostate carcinoma OF PROSTATE carcinoma of prostate carcinoma of prostate (disorder) disease_ontology endocarditis A endocardium disease characterized by inflammation of the endocardium of the heart chambers and valves. DOID:10314 DOID:14058 ICD10CM:I33.9 ICD9CM:421.9 MESH:D004696 NCI:C34582 NCI:C35432 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194935007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56819008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:91357005 UMLS_CUI:C0014118 UMLS_CUI:C0375268 disease_ontology lymphoblastic leukemia A leukemia that has_material_basis_in lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells). DOID:1037 ICD10CM:C91 ICD10CM:C91.9 ICD10CM:C91.90 ICD9CM:204 ICD9CM:204.9 MESH:D007945 NCI:C7539 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154587007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188725004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188731001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190033006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269631008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32280000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93170002 UMLS_CUI:C0023448 disease_ontology bacterial infectious disease A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Bacteria. DOID:104 ICD10CM:A49 ICD10CM:A49.9 MESH:D001424 NCI:C2890 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154318005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186470002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187347000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266182006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266187000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:301811001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:87628006 UMLS_CUI:C0004623 disease_ontology MESH:D016905 MESH:D016908 chronic lymphocytic leukemia A lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia CLL DOID:1040 EFO:0000095 ICD10CM:C91.1 ICD10CM:C91.10 ICD9CM:204.1 MESH:D015451 NCI:C3163 OMIM:109543 OMIM:151400 OMIM:609630 OMIM:612557 OMIM:612558 OMIM:612559 ORDO:67038 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154589005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:277473004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:51092000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:92814006 UMLS_CUI:C0023434 Xref MGI. chronic lymphatic leukemia disease_ontology lymphoplasmacytic leukemia lymphoid leukemia DOID:10747 ICD9CM:204.2 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154590001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188726003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190035004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:33560006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:95274002 UMLS_CUI:C0152271 disease_ontology subacute lymphoid leukemia hypertension An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. DOID:10763 EFO:0000537 HTN High blood pressure (& [essential hypertension]) ICD10CM:I10 ICD10CM:I10-I15 ICD9CM:401-405.99 ICD9CM:997.91 MESH:D006973 NCI:C3117 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155295004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155302005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194756002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194757006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194760004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194794002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195537001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266287006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38341003 UMLS_CUI:C0020538 disease_ontology hyperpiesia hypertensive disease vascular hypertensive disorder gastric ulcer DOID:10807 DOID:10808 DOID:10809 DOID:12047 DOID:12057 DOID:12068 DOID:12069 DOID:12806 DOID:13124 DOID:13125 DOID:241 DOID:242 ICD10CM:K25 ICD9CM:531 MESH:D013276 NCI:C3388 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155681009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155690002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196627009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196642007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196649003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196650003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266436006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397825006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:6034002 UMLS_CUI:C0038358 acute gastric ulcer with haemorrhage and perforation acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND perforation acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND perforation (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND perforation [dup] (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND with perforation but without obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage AND with perforation but without obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage and obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation, with obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation, without mention of obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage, with obstruction acute gastric ulcer with hemorrhage, with perforation AND with obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with perforation acute gastric ulcer with perforation AND obstruction acute gastric ulcer with perforation AND obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer with perforation, with obstruction acute gastric ulcer without hemorrhage and without perforation acute gastric ulcer without hemorrhage, without perforation AND without obstruction acute gastric ulcer without hemorrhage, without perforation AND without obstruction (disorder) acute gastric ulcer without mention of hemorrhage or perforation, without mention of obstruction bleeding acute gastric ulcer chronic gastric ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation chronic gastric ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation but with obstruction chronic gastric ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation but with obstruction (disorder) chronic gastric ulcer without mention of hemorrhage or perforation, with obstruction disease_ontology sickle cell anemia DOID:10923 DOID:12924 DOID:13024 Hb SC disease Hb-S/Hb-C disease Hb-SS disease without crisis Hemoglobin S disease without crisis (disorder) ICD10CM:D57 ICD10CM:D57.1 ICD10CM:D57.2 ICD10CM:D57.20 ICD9CM:282.6 ICD9CM:282.60 ICD9CM:282.63 MESH:D000755 MESH:D006450 NCI:C34383 NCI:C34676 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. OMIM:603903 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127040003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154798006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191194009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191195005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191199004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276267006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35434009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:417357006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:80046004 Sickle-cell/Hb-C disease without crisis UMLS_CUI:C0002895 UMLS_CUI:C0019034 disease_ontology drepanocytosis hemoglobin SC disease obsessive-compulsive disorder An anxiety disorder that involves unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions). Anancastic neurosis DOID:10933 ICD10CM:F42 ICD9CM:300.3 MESH:D009771 NCI:C88411 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191736004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191739006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192406007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192411009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:71478004 UMLS_CUI:C0028768 disease_ontology obsessive compulsive disorder sarcoma A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from embryonic mesoderm. DOID:1115 DOID:3936 ICD10CM:C49 ICD9CM:171 ICD9CM:171.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187985009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93765001 UMLS_CUI:C0153519 connective and soft tissue neoplasm disease_ontology tumor of soft tissue and skeleton pneumocystosis An opportunistic mycosis that is located_in lungs, but can also occur in eyes, ears, skin, thyroid, pituitary, palate, parathyroid, esophagus, pleura, heart, liver, spleen, small intestine, adrenals, kidneys, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, has_material_basis_in Pneumocystis jirovecii that effects interstitial and alveolar tissues and has_symptom nonproductive cough, has_symptom shortness of breath, and has_symptom fever. DOID:11339 ICD10CM:B59 ICD9CM:136.3 MESH:D011020 NCI:C3334 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Pneumocystis pneumonia Pneumocystosis Pneumocystosis pneumonia SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155557008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:415125002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:57541005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:88860002 UMLS_CUI:C1535939 disease_ontology pulmonary pneumocystosis (disorder) heart disease A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. DOID:114 ICD10CM:I51.9 ICD9CM:429.9 MESH:D006331 NCI:C3079 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155263000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194707003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195152001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266275004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266311004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56265001 UMLS_CUI:C0018799 disease_ontology bronchial disease A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage. Bronchospasm DOID:1175 DOID:1176 DOID:12322 MESH:D001982 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:41427001 UMLS_CUI:C0006261 disease_ontology esophagitis DOID:11962 DOID:11963 ICD10CM:K20 ICD10CM:K20.9 ICD9CM:530.1 ICD9CM:530.10 MESH:D004941 NCI:C9224 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155673008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:16761005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196605000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266498005 UMLS_CUI:C0014868 acute esophagitis disease_ontology female reproductive organ cancer A reproductive organ cancer that is manifested in the female genitals. This includes organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina and vulva. DOID:120 DOID:1244 DOID:1281 ICD10CM:C57 ICD9CM:184 MESH:D005833 NCI:C3053 NCI:C4913 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126907002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188207007 UMLS_CUI:C0017416 UMLS_CUI:C0153585 UMLS_CUI:C0699889 disease_ontology female reproductive cancer malignant Gynecologic tumor malignant neoplasm of female genital organ allergic hypersensitivity disease An immune system disease that is an exaggerated immune response to allergens, such as insect venom, dust mites, pollen, pet dander, drugs or some foods. DOID:1205 ICD10CM:T78.40 MESH:D006967 NCI:C3114 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:106190000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127072000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:157754004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:157758001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:212998004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:212999007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21957007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:257550005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269284003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269432007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274211000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:282092005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:418168000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:418634005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:418925002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:421668005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:421961002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:91232002 UMLS_CUI:C0020517 allergy disease_ontology hypersensitivity allergic disease hypersensitivity reaction type I disease cryptococcosis An opportunistic mycosis that results_in fungal infection and has_material_basis_in Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii. Busse-Buschke's disease DOID:12053 European cryptococcosis ICD10CM:B45 ICD10CM:B45.9 ICD9CM:117.5 MESH:D003453 NCI:C2967 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187090005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187097008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187494009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:20850004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42386007 UMLS_CUI:C0010414 cryptococcal infection cryptococcus neoformans infection disease_ontology torula torulosis vaginal disease DOID:121 MESH:D014623 NCI:C26910 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156015000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156018003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:25658005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266665005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:286989007 UMLS_CUI:C0042251 disease_ontology bulimia nervosa An eating disorder characterized by the restraining of food intake for a period of time followed by an over intake or binging period that results in feelings of guilt and low self-esteem. DOID:12129 ICD10CM:F50.2 MESH:D002032 NCI:C97162 OMIM:607499 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192013000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192447005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:206939001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:78004001 UMLS_CUI:C0006370 Xref MGI. disease_ontology hyperorexia nervosa Wegener's granulomatosis An autoimmune disease that is located_in lung, located_in kidney, located_in skin resulting from an autoimmune attack by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against small and medium-size blood vessels. DOID:12132 Granulomatosis - Wegener's ICD10CM:M31.3 ICD10CM:M31.30 ICD9CM:446.4 MESH:D014890 NCI:C3444 Necrotizing respiratory granulomatosis OMIM:608710 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155445002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195353004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:23782005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:239934006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266323005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:390001000 UMLS_CUI:C3495801 Wegener granulomatosis Wegener's syndrome (disorder) disease_ontology lymphocytic choriomeningitis A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in brain, or located_in meninges, or located_in brain and meninges, has_material_basis_in Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, which is transmitted_by common house mouse, Mus musculus. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom lack of appetite, has_symptom headache, has_symptom muscle aches, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom nausea, and has_symptom vomiting. DOID:10662 DOID:12155 ICD10CM:A87.2 ICD9CM:049.0 LCM Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus encephalomyelitis (disorder) Lymphocytic meningitis (disorder) Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis (disorder) MESH:D008216 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186495001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192668002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276064006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276817007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38666007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397961002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:398136003 UMLS_CUI:C0024266 UMLS_CUI:C0153014 disease_ontology Graves' disease An autoimmune disease of endocrine system that involves production of excessive amount of thyroid hormones, located_in thyroid gland. Basedow's disease DOID:12361 EFO:0004237 Grave's disease Graves disease ICD10CM:E05.0 MESH:D006111 NCI:C3071 OMIM:275000 OMIM:300351 OMIM:603388 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154655004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190240002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:237510004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:237823003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267464006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:353295004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367367004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367449005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38591003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:55807009 UMLS_CUI:C0018213 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology exophthalmic goiter malaria A parasitic protozoa infectious disease characterized as a vector-borne infectious disease caused by the presence of protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium in the red blood cells, transmitted from an infected to an uninfected individual by the bite of anopheline mosquitoes, and characterized by periodic attacks of chills and fever that coincide with mass destruction of blood cells and the release of toxic substances by the parasite at the end of each reproductive cycle. DOID:12365 DOID:12552 EFO:0001068 ICD10CM:B54 ICD9CM:084 ICD9CM:084.6 MESH:D008288 NCI:C34797 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:105649009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154374002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186797008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187510004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:248437004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:61462000 UMLS_CUI:C0024530 Xref MGI. disease_ontology induced malaria leukemia A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. DOID:1240 DOID:9145 ICD10CM:C95 ICD10CM:C95.9 ICD10CM:C95.90 ICD9CM:208 ICD9CM:208.9 MESH:D007938 NCI:C3161 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154598008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188762002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188767008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190024009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190025005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190029004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190071003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255049003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:87163000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93143009 UMLS_CUI:C0023418 disease_ontology leiomyoma A cell type benign neoplasm that is a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells. DOID:127 MESH:D007889 NCI:C3157 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189787000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189788005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189793008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:702978006 UMLS_CUI:C0023267 disease_ontology leiomyomatous neoplasm (morphologic abnormality) leiomyomatous tumor rectal disease DOID:1285 MESH:D012002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:5964004 UMLS_CUI:C0034882 disease_ontology cardiovascular system disease A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. DOID:1287 DOID:73 ICD9CM:429.2 MESH:D002318 NCI:C2931 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155263000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194707003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195139006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195594006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266275004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266336005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:49601007 UMLS_CUI:C0007222 disease of subdivision of hemolymphoid system disease_ontology neurodegenerative disease A central nervous system disease that results_in the progressive deterioration of function or structure of neurons. DOID:1289 DOID:4874 ICD10CM:G31.9 MESH:D019636 NCI:C27090 Neurodegenerative disease SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:362975008 UMLS_CUI:C0524851 UMLS_CUI:C1285162 degenerative disease disease_ontology Sjogren's syndrome A hypersensitivity reaction type II disease that involves attack of immune cells which destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva. DOID:12894 DOID:416 ICD10CM:M35.0 ICD10CM:M35.00 ICD9CM:710.2 MESH:D012859 NCI:C26883 NCI:C70647 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. OMIM:270150 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156455009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201444003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267875002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268050000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:83901003 Sicca syndrome Sjogren syndrome UMLS_CUI:C0086981 UMLS_CUI:C1527336 disease_ontology xerodermosteosis dementia A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. DOID:1307 ICD9CM:290.8 UMLS_CUI:C0154319 disease_ontology acute cystitis A cystitis characterized by a sudden onset or severe symptoms. DOID:13148 ICD10CM:N30.0 ICD9CM:595.0 NCI:C26934 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155883005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197833009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266628008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68226007 UMLS_CUI:C0149523 disease_ontology urinary tract infection gout An arthritis that has_material_basis_in uric acid crystal deposits located_in joint. Articular gout DOID:13189 DOID:14144 EFO:0004274 Gouty arthropathy ICD10CM:M10 ICD10CM:M10.9 ICD9CM:274 ICD9CM:274.0 ICD9CM:274.00 ICD9CM:274.9 MESH:D006073 MESH:D015210 NCI:C34650 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:147966005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154745008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154746009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:170733007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190827003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190828008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190844004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201661008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201662001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201672003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:48440001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:90560007 UMLS_CUI:C0003868 UMLS_CUI:C0018099 disease_ontology gouty arthritis brain cancer A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. BT - Brain tumour CSP:2006-2736 DOID:1319 DOID:2125 DOID:2126 DOID:3543 DOID:6649 DOID:911 ICD10CM:C71 ICD10CM:C71.9 ICD9CM:191 ICD9CM:191.9 ICD9CM:239.6 MESH:D001932 NCI:C2907 NCI:C3568 NCI:C4952 NCI:C4954 NCI:C5115 NCI:C7710 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126952004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154550004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188279009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188305001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189537005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254935002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269610005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:275464006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363356001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:428061005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93727008 UMLS_CUI:C0006118 UMLS_CUI:C0153633 UMLS_CUI:C0220624 UMLS_CUI:C0750974 UMLS_CUI:C0750979 UMLS_CUI:C1334557 adult brain tumor adult malignant brain neoplasm brain neoplasm brain neoplasm, adult disease_ontology malignant brain tumour malignant primary brain neoplasm malignant primary brain tumor malignant tumor of Brain malignant tumor of adult brain neoplasm of brain (disorder) neoplasm of unspecified nature of brain neoplasm of unspecified nature of brain (disorder) primary brain neoplasm primary brain tumor primary malignant neoplasm of brain (disorder) tumor of the Brain lung cancer A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the lung. DOID:13075 DOID:1322 DOID:1324 DOID:9881 ICD10CM:C34.1 ICD10CM:C34.2 ICD10CM:C34.3 ICD9CM:162.3 ICD9CM:162.4 ICD9CM:162.5 ICD9CM:162.8 OMIM:211980 OMIM:608935 OMIM:612571 OMIM:612593 OMIM:614210 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187860004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187863002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187864008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187867001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187868006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187871003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187874006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269464000 UMLS_CUI:C0024624 UMLS_CUI:C0153491 UMLS_CUI:C0153492 UMLS_CUI:C0153493 disease_ontology lung neoplasm diarrhea A gastrointestinal system disease described as the condition of having frequent loose or liquid bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause severe dehydration which is one cause of death in diarrhea sufferers. Along with water, sufferers also lose dangerous amounts of important salts, electrolytes, and other nutrients. There are at least four types of diarrhea: secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea, motility-related diarrhea, and inflammatory diarrhea. DOID:0050006 DOID:13250 ICD9CM:009.2 MESH:D003967 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111939009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154268000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154279005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186165000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186167008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:19213003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:236076004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266173000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266180003 UMLS_CUI:C0013369 diarrhea of presumed infectious origin diarrhoea disease_ontology paranasal sinus disease DOID:1352 MESH:D010254 NCI:C26843 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195823002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:7393007 UMLS_CUI:C0030469 disease_ontology disorder of nasal sinus aspergillosis An opportunistic mycosis that involves a spectrum of diseases of humans and animals caused by members of the genus Aspergillus infecting lungs, brain, kidney,heart, bone, eyes, sinuses, skin and gastrointestinal tract. It is a serious illnesses in people with a weakened immune system. CSP:1988-4002 DOID:13564 ICD10CM:B44 ICD10CM:B44.9 ICD9CM:117.3 Infection due to Aspergillus MESH:D001228 NCI:C2886 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154408001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187087004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187492008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266218008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:65553006 UMLS_CUI:C0004030 disease_ontology peptic esophagitis DOID:13976 ICD9CM:530.11 MESH:D004942 Peptic esophagitis Peptic reflux disease Reflux oesophagitis SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155673008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196600005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266498005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:54856001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:57643001 UMLS_CUI:C0014869 disease_ontology reflux esophagitis parasitic infectious disease A disease by infectious agent that is carried out by a parasite which by definition is a pathogen that simultaneously injures and derives sustenance from its host. DOID:11681 DOID:13509 DOID:1396 DOID:1398 DOID:1494 DOID:2114 DOID:2293 DOID:2922 DOID:3564 DOID:4191 DOID:886 DOID:948 DOID:9639 DOID:9644 Ectoparasitic disease ICD10CM:H44.12 ICD9CM:360.13 NCI:C34587 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193273005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:57100005 UMLS_CUI:C0014238 disease_ontology parasitemia anus cancer A large intestine cancer that is located_in the anus. DOID:12240 DOID:14110 ICD10CM:C21.0 ICD10CM:C21.1 ICD9CM:154.2 ICD9CM:154.3 NCI:C7379 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187762000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187764004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363352004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363490009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93669004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93676009 UMLS_CUI:C0153445 UMLS_CUI:C0153446 anal cancer disease_ontology malignant anal tumor generalized anxiety disorder An anxiety disorder that is characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation. DOID:14320 ICD10CM:F41.1 ICD9CM:300.02 NCI:C92622 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191706008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192401002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21897009 UMLS_CUI:C0270549 disease_ontology Parkinson's disease A synucleinopathy that has_material_basis_in degeneration of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions. DOID:14330 EFO:0002508 ICD10CM:G20 ICD9CM:332 ICD9CM:332.0 KEGG:05012 MESH:D010300 NCI:C26845 OMIM:168600 OMIM:300557 OMIM:556500 OMIM:602404 OMIM:606852 OMIM:613164 ORDO:2828 Parkinson disease SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154999006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155000006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155002003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192825001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192831003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:49049000 UMLS_CUI:C0030567 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology paralysis agitans disease of cellular proliferation A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. DOID:0000818 DOID:14566 cell process disease disease_ontology neoplasm prostatitis DOID:14654 ICD10CM:N41 ICD10CM:N41.9 ICD9CM:601 ICD9CM:601.9 MESH:D011472 NCI:C26866 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155907007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155911001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197962006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197971002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266637008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9713002 UMLS_CUI:C0033581 disease_ontology major depressive disorder An endogenous depression that is characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. DOID:10614 DOID:1470 DOID:2240 DOID:2241 DOID:7580 ICD10CM:F32 ICD10CM:F32.9 ICD10CM:F33 ICD10CM:F33.9 ICD9CM:296.2 ICD9CM:296.20 ICD9CM:296.3 ICD9CM:296.30 NCI:C34796 OMIM:608520 OMIM:608691 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191599006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191600009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191607007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191608002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191609005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191617002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192366006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268620009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268621008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:36923009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:66344007 UMLS_CUI:C0024517 UMLS_CUI:C0154409 Xref MGI. disease_ontology recurrent major depression single major depressive episode MESH:D003865 cystic fibrosis An autosomal recessive disease that is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many organs. CF DOID:12447 DOID:13383 DOID:14395 DOID:1484 DOID:1485 ICD10CM:E84 ICD10CM:E84.9 ICD9CM:277.0 MESH:D003550 NCI:C2975 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:219700 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154767009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190905008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190911006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85809002 UMLS_CUI:C0010674 disease_ontology mucoviscidosis eye and adnexa disease A sensory system disease that is located_in the eye or the adnexa of the eye. DOID:1492 ICD10CM:H35.00 ICD9CM:362.10 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193355009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:31411005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42873008 UMLS_CUI:C0004608 disease_ontology reproductive system disease A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in reproductive system organs. DOID:15 DOID:6309 NCI:C27613 UMLS_CUI:C1335037 disease_ontology genital system disease disease of mental health A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. DOID:150 ICD10CM:F99 ICD10CM:F99-F99 MESH:D001523 NCI:C2893 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154843007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154971002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154972009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154980002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192637001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192639003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:74732009 UMLS_CUI:C0004936 disease_ontology candidiasis An opportunistic mycosis that involves fungal infection of the mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails, bronchi, lungs, heart and brain by Candida species, of which Candida albicans is the most common. Systemic Candida infections are usually confined to severely immunocompromised persons. DOID:1507 DOID:1508 Disseminated candidiasis ICD10CM:B37 ICD10CM:B37.9 ICD9CM:112 ICD9CM:112.9 MESH:D002177 NCI:C26711 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154403005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187005005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187024008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187478002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:78048006 UMLS_CUI:C0006840 disease_ontology systemic candidiasis cognitive disorder A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. DOID:1561 ICD10CM:F09 MESH:D019965 NCI:C34870 Organic Mental disorder SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:106014008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111479008 UMLS_CUI:C0029227 cognitive disease disease_ontology fungal infectious disease A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body. DOID:1564 ICD10CM:B35-B49 ICD10CM:B49 ICD9CM:110-118.99 MESH:D009181 NCI:C3245 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154393000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154394006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187110007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187472001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187498007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266214005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:3218000 UMLS_CUI:C0026946 disease_ontology mycoses mycosis rheumatic disease A hypersensitivity reaction type II disease that involves inflammation or pain in the muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue. DOID:1575 disease_ontology respiratory system disease A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. DOID:1579 DOID:3226 ICD10CM:J96-J99 ICD10CM:J98 ICD9CM:510-519.99 ICD9CM:519 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155603009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196057004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196184000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196255004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266373008 UMLS_CUI:C0029582 disease_ontology mental depression DOID:14672 DOID:1596 ICD10CM:F32.9 ICD10CM:F33.9 MESH:D003863 NCI:C2982 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154963001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192372006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:307537002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:41006004 UMLS_CUI:C0011570 disease_ontology integumentary system disease A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the integumentary system comprising the skin and its appendages. DOID:16 disease_ontology breast cancer A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. DOID:1612 DOID:1648 DOID:4241 ICD10CM:C50 ICD10CM:C50-C50 ICD9CM:174.8 MESH:D001943 NCI:C2910 NCI:C9335 OMIM:114480 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126926005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154521006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190121004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254837009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269595005 UMLS_CUI:C0006142 UMLS_CUI:C0153555 UMLS_CUI:C1458155 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. breast tumor disease_ontology malignant neoplasm of breast malignant tumor of the breast mammary cancer mammary neoplasm mammary tumor primary breast cancer benign eccrine breast spiradenoma DOID:1616 NCI:C5193 UMLS_CUI:C1332492 benign Eccrine breast Spiradenoma disease_ontology cancer A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. DOID:162 ICD10CM:C80 ICD10CM:C80.1 ICD9CM:199 MESH:D009369 NCI:C9305 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154432008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154433003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154577008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187597000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188475001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188482002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190150006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269513004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269623003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269626006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269634000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363346000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38807002 UMLS_CUI:C0006826 Updating out dated UMLS CUI. disease_ontology malignant neoplasm malignant tumor primary cancer cystitis DOID:1679 ICD10CM:N30 ICD10CM:N30.9 ICD9CM:595 ICD9CM:595.9 MESH:D003556 NCI:C26738 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155882000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155885003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197857009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266629000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38822007 UMLS_CUI:C0010692 disease_ontology musculoskeletal system disease A disease of anatomical entity that occurs in the muscular and/or skeletal system. DOID:17 MESH:D009140 NCI:C107377 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156881000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268047003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268142006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274149006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:928000 UMLS_CUI:C0026857 disease_ontology endocrine gland cancer An organ system cancer located_in endocrine system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of the hormone producing glands of the endocrine system. DOID:10009 DOID:170 Endocrine tumor ICD10CM:C75.9 ICD9CM:194.9 MESH:D004701 NCI:C3010 NCI:C3575 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127015005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190140005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363347009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371982006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:387922007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:387927001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93780007 UMLS_CUI:C0014132 UMLS_CUI:C0153658 disease_ontology endocrine neoplasm malignant Endocrine tumor malignant neoplasm of endocrine gland malignant tumour of endocrine gland neoplasm of endocrine gland (disorder) neoplasm of endocrine system (disorder) duodenal ulcer Adding UMLS CUI for Curling Ulcer C0013295. Curling Ulcer Curling's ulcers DOID:10297 DOID:11480 DOID:12880 DOID:13836 DOID:1723 DOID:1724 DOID:9780 DOID:9781 DOID:9782 DOID:9783 ICD10CM:K26 ICD9CM:532 MESH:D004381 NCI:C26755 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155691003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155700000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196651004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196669008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196672001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196679005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196680008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:235703009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367474008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:39755000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:51868009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:553009 Stress Ulcer UMLS_CUI:C0010474 UMLS_CUI:C0013295 disease_ontology vascular disease A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. DOID:0000405 DOID:178 DOID:2403 DOID:2869 DOID:324 DOID:325 DOID:45 ICD10CM:I72.9 ICD9CM:442.9 MESH:D000783 MESH:D014652 MESH:D020758 MESH:D020760 NCI:C26693 NCI:C35117 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:134342004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155425005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155428007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195292009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:27550009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:362727005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371029002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:432119003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85659009 UMLS_CUI:C0002940 UMLS_CUI:C0042373 UMLS_CUI:C0752127 UMLS_CUI:C0752130 disease_ontology vascular tissue disease pancreatic cancer An endocrine gland cancer located_in the pancreas. Ca body of pancreas Ca head of pancreas Ca tail of pancreas DOID:14356 DOID:1793 DOID:1797 DOID:3588 DOID:9859 ICD10CM:C25.0 ICD10CM:C25.1 ICD10CM:C25.2 ICD9CM:157.0 ICD9CM:157.1 ICD9CM:157.2 ICD9CM:157.8 KEGG:05212 MESH:D010190 NCI:C3305 ORDO:1333 ORDO:217074 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126859007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154476001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154477005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154478000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187791002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187792009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187796007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269553001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269554007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269555008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363419009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93715005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93823001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94082003 UMLS_CUI:C0030297 UMLS_CUI:C0153458 UMLS_CUI:C0153459 UMLS_CUI:C0153460 UMLS_CUI:C0153463 Xref MGI. disease_ontology malignant neoplasm of body of pancreas malignant neoplasm of head of pancreas malignant neoplasm of tail of pancreas pancreas neoplasm pancreatic neoplasm pancreatic tumor urinary system disease A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. DOID:18 DOID:579 NCI:C27599 Non-neoplastic urinary tract disease UMLS_CUI:C1335051 disease_ontology urinary tract disease epilepsy A brain disease that is characterized by the occurrance of at least two unprovoked seizures resulting from a persistent epileptogenic abnormality of the brain that is able to spontaneously generate paroxysmal activity and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions. DOID:1826 EFO:0000474 ICD10CM:G40.9 ICD10CM:G40.909 ICD9CM:345.9 MESH:D004827 NCI:C3020 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128613002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155036009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155045005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193026007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:246545002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267593008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267698007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:271788002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:313307000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:84757009 UMLS_CUI:C0014544 disease_ontology epilepsy syndrome epileptic syndrome bone cancer A connective tissue cancer that is located_in bone and is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation that destroys normal bone tissue. CA - bone cancer CSP:2019-1041 DOID:184 DOID:3348 MESH:D001859 NCI:C9343 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:115239009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126537000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:240201007 UMLS_CUI:C0005967 bone neoplasm bone tumour disease_ontology malignant bone neoplasm malignant bone tumour malignant neoplasm of bone malignant osseous tumor neoplasm of bone osseous tumor impotence DOID:1875 EFO:0004234 Sexual impotence (finding) disease_ontology erectile dysfunction sexual dysfunction DOID:1876 ICD10CM:F52.9 ICD10CM:R37 NCI:C3347 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:225723003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:231532002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:39894007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56925008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:65655009 UMLS_CUI:C0549622 disease_ontology MESH:D012735 hepatitis C A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis C virus, which is transmitted_by blood from an infected person enters the body of an uninfected person. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom loss of appetite, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom clay-colored bowel movements, has_symptom joint pain, and has_symptom jaundice. DOID:12430 DOID:12432 DOID:1883 DOID:2049 EFO:0003047 ICD10CM:B19.2 ICD10CM:B19.20 ICD9CM:070.7 MESH:D006526 NANBH NCI:C3098 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123324009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154349000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186634008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186643004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:50711007 UMLS_CUI:C0019196 Viral hepatitis C chronic hepatitis C disease_ontology hepatitis C infection hepatitis nonA nonB MESH:D019698 melanoma A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye. DOID:1909 EFO:0000756 KEGG:05218 MESH:D008545 NCI:C3224 Naevocarcinoma SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154501005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189749008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:2092003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269503007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269577007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:372244006 UMLS_CUI:C0025202 disease_ontology malignant melanoma Gaucher's disease A sphingolipidosis characterized by deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase which results in the accumulation of harmful quantities of the glycolipid glucocerebroside throughout the body, especially within the bone marrow, spleen and liver. DOID:1926 Gaucher disease ICD10CM:E75.22 MESH:D005776 NCI:C61268 ORDO:355 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:180485001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190794006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:2859005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:62201009 UMLS_CUI:C0017205 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. acid beta-glucosidase deficiency disease_ontology glocucerebrosidase deficiency glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase deficiency kerasin thesaurismosis lipoid histiocytosis (kerasin type) sphingolipidosis DOID:1927 ICD10CM:E75.3 MESH:D013106 NCI:C117254 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:238028008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:58459009 Sphingolipidosis (disorder) Sphingolipidosis, NOS UMLS_CUI:C0037899 disease_ontology sphingolipidoses reproductive organ cancer An organ system cancer that is manifested in the reproductive organs. DOID:1900 DOID:193 NCI:C3674 Reproductive tumor UMLS_CUI:C0178830 cancer of reproductive system disease_ontology malignant reproductive system neoplasm trichomoniasis A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that is caused by singled-celled protozoan parasites Trichomonas vaginalis or Trichomonas tenax, which infect the urogenital tract and mouth respectively. DOID:10996 DOID:1947 ICD10CM:A59 ICD10CM:A59.9 ICD9CM:131 ICD9CM:131.9 MESH:D014245 NCI:C35720 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:105648001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187206001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187364002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56335008 UMLS_CUI:C0040921 disease_ontology trichomonas infection connective tissue cancer A musculoskeletal system cancer that is located_in connective tissue. DOID:201 MESH:D009372 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126598008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254821003 Tumour of connective tissue UMLS_CUI:C0027656 connective tissue neoplasm disease_ontology neoplasm of connective tissues anxiety disorder A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. DOID:12884 DOID:2030 ICD10CM:F41.9 ICD9CM:300.09 MESH:D001008 NCI:C2878 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191703000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192405006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197480006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:65673007 UMLS_CUI:C0003469 UMLS_CUI:C0154455 anxiety state disease_ontology anxiety OMIM:607834 communication disorder A specific developmental disorder that involves specific developmental disorders of speech and language. DOID:2033 ICD10CM:F80.9 MESH:D003147 NCI:C2958 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:278919001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:74825008 UMLS_CUI:C0009460 disease_ontology hepatitis B A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by blood transfusions, and transmitted_by fomites like needles or syringes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom loss of appetite, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom clay-colored bowel movements, has_symptom joint pain, and has_symptom jaundice. DOID:12591 DOID:12592 DOID:2042 DOID:2043 EFO:0004197 MESH:D006509 NCI:C3097 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154348008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186625003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266195001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:66071002 Serum hepatitis UMLS_CUI:C0019163 chronic hepatitis B disease_ontology hepatitis B infection MESH:D019694 post-traumatic stress disorder An anxiety disorder which results from a traumatic experience that results in psychological trauma. DOID:2055 ICD10CM:F43.1 ICD10CM:F43.10 ICD9CM:309.81 MESH:D013313 NCI:C3389 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192415000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:47505003 UMLS_CUI:C0038436 disease_ontology post-traumatic stress disorder traumatic neurosis vaginitis DOID:10769 DOID:2170 ICD9CM:616.1 ICD9CM:616.10 MESH:D014627 NCI:C26911 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155981006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198212006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198213001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198223005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266655004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:30800001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:393596009 UMLS_CUI:C0042267 UMLS_CUI:C0042268 disease_ontology colon cancer A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon. DOID:219 ICD10CM:C18 ICD10CM:C18.9 ICD9CM:153 ICD9CM:153.9 MESH:D003110 NCI:C9242 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154463007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187759003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269461008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269542007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363406005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93761005 UMLS_CUI:C0007102 disease_ontology syndrome A disease characterized by a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality. DOID:225 MESH:D013577 NCI:C28193 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64572001 UMLS_CUI:C0039082 disease_ontology vulvovaginal candidiasis A candidiasis that involves fungal infection of the vaginal mucous membranes in women caused by Candida albicans. The symptoms include intense vulval pruritus, burning, erythema and dyspareunia associated with a creamy white, curd-like discharge. Candidal vulvovaginitis Candidal vulvovaginitis (disorder) Candidal vulvovaginitis NOS (disorder) Candidal: [vulvovaginitis NOS] or [cervix] Candidiasis of vulva and vagina DOID:2272 ICD10CM:B37.3 ICD9CM:112.1 MESH:D002181 Monilial vulvovaginitis NCI:C2914 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154404004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187009004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266155003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:72605008 UMLS_CUI:C0700345 Vulvovaginal Candidiasis disease_ontology gonadal disease An endocrine system disease that is located_in the gonads. DOID:2277 MESH:D006058 NCI:C26786 UMLS_CUI:C0018050 disease_ontology female reproductive system disease A reproductive system disease that impairs the ability to reproduce and is located in the uterus, vagina, cervix, ovaries or fallopian tubes. DOID:229 ICD9CM:629.9 MESH:D005831 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156032001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156066005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198486002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:244938009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266680004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:310789003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38233001 UMLS_CUI:C0017411 disease_ontology arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular disease Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, NOS Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular arteriosclerosis unspecified (disorder) DOID:2348 ICD10CM:I25.1 ICD10CM:I70 ICD9CM:440 MESH:D050197 NCI:C34403 NCI:C35768 NCI:C35771 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155382007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155414001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194848007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195121002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195251000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266318005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:38716007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:39468009 UMLS_CUI:C0004153 UMLS_CUI:C3665365 disease_ontology arteriosclerosis An artery disease that is characterized by a thickening and hardening of arterial walls in the arteries. Arteriosclerosis (morphologic abnormality) Arteriosclerosis NOS Arteriosclerotic vascular disease (disorder) Arteriosclerotic vascular disease NOS CSP:0571-2299 DOID:2349 ICD10CM:I70 MESH:D001161 NCI:C34398 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:107671003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155414001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155418003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195251000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195257001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266318005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:28960008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:72092001 UMLS_CUI:C0003850 disease_ontology multiple sclerosis A demyelinating disease that involves damage to the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in demyelination and scarring. DOID:2377 EFO:0003885 Generalized multiple sclerosis (disorder) ICD10CM:G35 ICD9CM:340 MESH:D009103 NCI:C3243 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. OMIM:612594 OMIM:612595 OMIM:612596 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155023009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192928003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192930001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:24700007 UMLS_CUI:C0026769 disease_ontology insular sclerosis ovarian cancer A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. DOID:0060070 DOID:2144 DOID:2394 DOID:9595 ICD10CM:C56 ICD9CM:183.0 MESH:D010051 NCI:C4984 NCI:C7431 OMIM:167000 OMIM:607893 ORDO:213517 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123843001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154528000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363443007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:372117006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93934004 UMLS_CUI:C0919267 UMLS_CUI:C1140680 UMLS_CUI:C1299247 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology malignant Ovarian tumor malignant tumour of ovary ovarian neoplasm ovary neoplasm primary ovarian cancer tumor of the Ovary psychotic disorder A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. DOID:2468 EFO:0000677 ICD9CM:298.8 UMLS_CUI:C0029516 disease_ontology mental or behavioural disorder opportunistic mycosis A systemic mycosis that results_in fungal infection located_in human body of immunocompromised individuals, has_material_basis_in Fungi. The organisms invade via the respiratory tract, alimentary tract, or intravascular devices. DOID:0050137 DOID:2473 ICD9CM:118 Opportunistic mycoses (disorder) Opportunistic mycosis (disorder) SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187108005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:78999002 UMLS_CUI:C0029119 disease_ontology opportunistic systemic mycoses hypercholesterolemia hematologic cancer An immune system cancer located_in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. DOID:1034 DOID:2531 DOID:2532 Hematologic malignancy Hematologic malignancy (disorder) Hematologic neoplasm (disorder) Hematological tumors MESH:D019337 NCI:C27134 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414388001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414644002 UMLS_CUI:C0376544 blood cancer disease_ontology hematopoietic and lymphoid system tumor hematopoietic cancer hematopoietic neoplasm (morphologic abnormality) hematopoietic tumors malignant hematopoietic neoplasm (morphologic abnormality) pancreas disease An endocrine system disease that is located_in the pancreas. DOID:26 ICD10CM:K86.8 ICD9CM:577.8 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197566002 UMLS_CUI:C0029771 disease_ontology kidney cancer A urinary system cancer that is located_in the kidney. DOID:11834 DOID:263 DOID:3676 ICD10CM:C64 ICD9CM:189.0 MESH:D007680 NCI:C120456 NCI:C3150 NCI:C7548 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126880001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154542008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188249002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363518003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93849006 UMLS_CUI:C0022665 UMLS_CUI:C0494158 UMLS_CUI:C0740457 disease_ontology malignant neoplasm of kidney except pelvis malignant tumour of kidney renal cancer parasitic protozoa infectious disease A parasitic infectious disease that is caused by parasitic protozoa which are microorganisms classified as unicellular eukaryotes. DOID:0060003 DOID:10553 DOID:2789 DOID:3734 DOID:3804 DOID:947 ICD10CM:B50-B64 ICD10CM:B64 MESH:D011528 NCI:C34953 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187247003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187502000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187517001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:240627001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367372008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:89933001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:95896000 UMLS_CUI:C0033740 disease_ontology mastigophora infectious disease sarcomastigophora infectious disease endocrine system disease A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. DOID:28 ICD10CM:E34.9 ICD9CM:259.9 MESH:D004700 NCI:C3009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118639003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127345001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154648001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154690007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154718007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190231001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190594008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267462005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267475005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267489000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:362969004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:67432001 UMLS_CUI:C0014130 disease_ontology nose disease DOID:2825 MESH:D009668 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:89488007 UMLS_CUI:C0028432 disease_ontology disorder of the nose (disorder) nasal disorder asthma A bronchial disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The disease has_symptom recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), has_symptom chest tightness, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom mucus production and has_symptom coughing. The symptoms appear due to a variety of triggers such as allergens, irritants, respiratory infections, weather changes, exercise, stress, reflux disease, medications, foods and emotional anxiety. DOID:12703 DOID:13829 DOID:13830 DOID:2840 DOID:2841 DOID:5783 EFO:0000270 Exercise induced asthma ICD10CM:J45 ICD10CM:J45.90 ICD10CM:J45.909 ICD9CM:493 ICD9CM:493.9 KEGG:05310 MESH:D001249 NCI:C28397 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155574008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155579003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187687003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195967001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195979001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195983001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21341004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266365004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266398009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:278517007 UMLS_CUI:C0004096 Xref MGI. bronchial hyperreactivity chronic obstructive asthma chronic obstructive asthma with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive asthma with status asthmaticus disease_ontology exercise-induced asthma hairy cell leukemia DOID:285 ICD10CM:C91.4 ICD10CM:C91.40 ICD9CM:202.4 MESH:D007943 NCI:C7402 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118613001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188644003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188653005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190066005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:54087003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85228003 UMLS_CUI:C0023443 disease_ontology A chronic lymphocytic leukemia that is characterized by over production of B cells (lymphocytes) by the bone marrow where the B cells appear hairy under a microscope. endometriosis A female reproductive system disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine body. DOID:289 EFO:0001065 ICD10CM:N80 ICD10CM:N80.9 ICD9CM:617 ICD9CM:617.9 MESH:D004715 NCI:C3014 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:103677003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:11871002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:129103003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155988000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198246007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198259004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266588002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:396224008 UMLS_CUI:C0014175 disease_ontology immune system disease A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the immune system. DOID:2914 EFO:0000540 ICD10CM:D89.9 ICD9CM:279 ICD9CM:279.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154782004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191015009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191019003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191035005 UMLS_CUI:C0041806 disease_ontology pulmonary tuberculosis A tuberculosis that is a contagious disease located_in lungs. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom cough, has_symptom difficulty in breathing, has_symptom inflammatory infiltrations, has_symptom formation of tubercles, has_symptom caseation, has_symptom pleural effusion, and has_symptom fibrosis. DOID:2957 ICD10CM:A15 ICD10CM:A15.0 ICD9CM:011 ICD9CM:011.9 ICD9CM:011.90 MESH:D014397 NCI:C26899 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154283005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186180006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397190009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:700272008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:81483001 UMLS_CUI:C0041327 disease_ontology adenocarcinoma A carcinoma that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from epithelial cells, which originate in glandular tissue. CSP:2000-0386 DOID:299 MESH:D000230 NCI:C2852 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189578007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189582009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35917007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:443961001 UMLS_CUI:C0001418 adenocarcinomas disease_ontology germ cell cancer A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells. DOID:2157 DOID:2994 MESH:D009373 NCI:C3708 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:115233005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189839002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189854008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:28307001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:302853003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:402878003 UMLS_CUI:C0205851 disease_ontology germ cell neoplasm germ cell tumour malignant tumor of the germ cell testicular cancer A male reproductive system cancer that is located_in the testicles. DOID:12231 DOID:2998 DOID:5554 ICD10CM:C62 ICD10CM:C62.9 ICD10CM:C62.90 ICD9CM:186 MESH:D013736 NCI:C3404 NCI:C5053 NCI:C7251 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:273300 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126900000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188228003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:236778008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269472003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363449006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94087009 UMLS_CUI:C0039590 UMLS_CUI:C0153594 UMLS_CUI:C1333010 childhood neoplasm of the testis disease_ontology neoplasm of testis (disorder) pediatric testicular neoplasm testicular tumor testicular tumor (disorder) testis cancer testis neoplasm carcinoma A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. CSP:2000-1867 DOID:2428 DOID:305 DOID:6570 MESH:D002277 MESH:D009375 NCI:C2916 NCI:C3709 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118285006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:134207000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154433003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188083002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189546004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189549006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189559007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269513004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68453008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:71298006 UMLS_CUI:C0007097 UMLS_CUI:C0553707 UMLS_CUI:C1368683 disease_ontology epithelioma malignant Epithelioma nervous system cancer An organ system cancer located_in the nervous system that affects the central or peripheral nervous system. DOID:1193 DOID:3093 DOID:3195 DOID:4695 ICD9CM:192 ICD9CM:192.9 MESH:D009380 NCI:C35562 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188306000 UMLS_CUI:C0027665 UMLS_CUI:C0153643 UMLS_CUI:C1334956 disease_ontology malignant neoplasm of nervous system neoplasm of nervous system (disorder) nervous system neoplasm neural neoplasm neural tumor tumor of the nervous system hepatobiliary disease A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the liver and/or biliary tract. DOID:3118 NCI:C3959 UMLS_CUI:C0267792 disease_ontology liver and biliary tract disease gastrointestinal system cancer An organ system cancer located_in gastrointestinal tract that is manifested in organs of the gastrointestinal system. DOID:3119 DOID:4945 DOID:8377 GI tumor ICD10CM:C26.9 ICD9CM:239.0 MESH:D004067 MESH:D005770 NCI:C3052 NCI:C4890 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126768004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128348002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128415001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189527000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276806006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367543008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:428905002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93811007 UMLS_CUI:C0012243 UMLS_CUI:C0017185 UMLS_CUI:C0685938 digestive system cancer disease_ontology gastrointestinal tract cancer anus disease DOID:11479 DOID:11993 DOID:3128 MESH:D001004 NCI:C26695 Nontraumatic tear of anus SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32110003 Solitary anal ulcer UMLS_CUI:C0003462 Ulcer of anus anal disease anal fissure anal fissure and fistula anal ulcer disease_ontology fissure in ano lysosomal storage disease An inherited metabolic disorder that involve an abnormal accumulation of substances inside the lysosome resulting from defects in lysosomal function. DOID:3211 MESH:D016464 NCI:C61250 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:23585005 UMLS_CUI:C0085078 disease_ontology disorder of lysosomal enzyme (disorder) inborn lysosomal enzyme disorder lysosomal storage metabolism disorder demyelinating disease DOID:3213 MESH:D003711 NCI:C34527 UMLS_CUI:C0011303 demyelinating disorder disease_ontology central nervous system disease A nervous system disease that affects either the spinal cord (myelopathy) or brain (encephalopathy) of the central nervous system. DOID:331 ICD10CM:G96.9 MESH:D002493 NCI:C2934 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:138748005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154981003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155049004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155059003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192641002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193076009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194566008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:23853001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267144009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267679005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267700003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267702006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:275539005 UMLS_CUI:C0007682 disease_ontology bipolar disorder A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. DOID:3311 DOID:3312 DOID:9554 DOID:9555 Depressive-manic psych. EFO:0000289 ICD10CM:F31 ICD10CM:F31.9 ICD9CM:296.40 ICD9CM:296.60 ICD9CM:296.80 MESH:D001714 Manic Bipolar Affective disorder Manic Depressive disorder Manic bipolar I disorder NCI:C34423 NCI:C34424 NCI:C34805 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:13746004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154871001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:16506000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191627008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191646009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191647000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191654006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192355004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192365005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268749008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68569003 UMLS_CUI:C0005586 UMLS_CUI:C0005587 UMLS_CUI:C0024713 UMLS_CUI:C0236780 bipolar depression bipolar disorder manic phase disease_ontology manic depression manic disorder mixed bipolar disorder lymphangioleiomyomatosis DOID:3319 DOID:3682 NCI:C38153 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:277844007 UMLS_CUI:C0349649 disease_ontology lung lymphangioleiomyomatosis lymphangiomyomatosis pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis mood disorder A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. DOID:3324 EFO:0004247 ICD10CM:F30-F39 ICD10CM:F39 MESH:D019964 NCI:C92200 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192348001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192391006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268713007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:46206005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:74421008 UMLS_CUI:C0525045 Updating outdated UMLS CUI. disease_ontology episodic mood disorder bone inflammation disease A bone disease that results_in inflammation of the located_in bone. DOID:3342 Inflammatory disorder of bone MESH:D010000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156780005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274144001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363172002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:44462005 UMLS_CUI:C0029400 bone inflammatory disease disease_ontology osteitis osteosarcoma A bone cancer that is located_in bone that has_material_basis_in cells of mesenchymal origin. DOID:183 DOID:3347 MESH:D012516 MESH:D018213 NCI:C9145 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:259500 Osteogenic sarcoma SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:189878003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:21708004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:307576001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:408387006 Skeletal sarcoma UMLS_CUI:C0029463 UMLS_CUI:C0206639 bone tissue neoplasm disease_ontology osteoid sarcoma fibrosarcoma A connective tissue cancer that has_material_basis_in fibrous connective tissue and characterized by the presence of immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells in a storiform pattern. DOID:156 DOID:3355 DOID:3509 Fibrocytic tumor MESH:D005354 MESH:D018218 NCI:C3043 NCI:C6605 NCI:C7075 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:443250000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:53654007 UMLS_CUI:C0016057 UMLS_CUI:C0206643 UMLS_CUI:C1336021 disease_ontology fibrosarcoma of soft tissue fibrous tissue neoplasm bacterial vaginosis A vaginitis that is characterized by a grayish vaginal discharge usually of foul odor and the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis. DOID:3385 MESH:D016585 NCI:C116973 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155981006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198221007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:237092002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266655004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:419760006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85569008 UMLS_CUI:C0085166 disease_ontology coronary artery disease An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles. CHD (coronary heart disease) Coronary disease DOID:10506 DOID:3363 DOID:3393 DOID:3394 DOID:9420 EFO:0001645 ICD10CM:I20-I25 ICD10CM:I25 ICD10CM:I25.1 ICD10CM:I25.10 ICD10CM:I25.9 ICD10CM:K76.1 ICD9CM:410-414.99 ICD9CM:414.0 ICD9CM:414.9 MESH:D003324 MESH:D003327 MESH:D017202 NCI:C35505 NCI:C50625 OMIM:300464 OMIM:607339 OMIM:608316 OMIM:608318 OMIM:608320 OMIM:610947 OMIM:611139 OMIM:612030 OMIM:614293 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155303000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155315001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155316000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155318004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155322009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194795001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194841001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194852007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194878003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195540001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233822007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:2610009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266231003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266290000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266291001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:271430002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32598000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:413838009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:413844008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414545008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414795007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:41702007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:443502000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:53741008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:84537008 UMLS_CUI:C0010054 UMLS_CUI:C0010068 UMLS_CUI:C0151744 UMLS_CUI:C0264694 Xref MGI. coronary arteriosclerosis coronary heart disease disease_ontology mammary Paget's disease DOID:3443 NCI:C7073 Paget cell neoplasm Paget's disease Paget's disease of the breast UMLS_CUI:C1368019 disease_ontology mammary Paget disease anal Paget's disease DOID:3446 NCI:C5598 Paget's disease of anus Paget's disease of the anus UMLS_CUI:C1332274 anal Paget disease disease_ontology anus adenocarcinoma An anal carcinoma that originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland and derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. DOID:3447 NCI:C5600 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:423607006 UMLS_CUI:C1332257 adenocarcinoma of anus adenocarcinoma of the anus disease_ontology breast adenocarcinoma A breast carcinoma that originates in the milk ducts and/or lobules (glandular tissue) of the breast. DOID:3458 Mammary adenocarcinoma NCI:C5214 UMLS_CUI:C0858252 adenocarcinoma of breast disease_ontology breast carcinoma A breast cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. DOID:3459 EFO:0000305 Mammary carcinoma NCI:C4872 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154513000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254838004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:286898006 UMLS_CUI:C0678222 carcinoma of breast disease_ontology breast disease A thoracic disease that is located_in the breast. DOID:3463 ICD10CM:N60-N65 ICD10CM:N64.9 ICD9CM:610-612.99 ICD9CM:611.9 MESH:D001941 NCI:C26709 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155946009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155962003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155966000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198129001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198566004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266647006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:79604008 UMLS_CUI:C0006145 disease_ontology systemic mastocytosis DOID:349 MESH:D034721 NCI:C9235 SMCD - systemic mast cell disease SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123310005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397016004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:50150000 UMLS_CUI:C0221013 disease_ontology systemic tissue mast cell disease mastocytosis DOID:350 ICD10CM:Q82.2 MESH:D008415 NCI:C84269 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. OMIM:154800 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:125541005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397007003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:78745000 UMLS_CUI:C0024899 disease_ontology mast cell hyperplasia dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans A fibrosarcoma that is located_in the dermis laryer of the skin and that begins as a hard nodule and grows slowly. DOID:3507 MESH:C538219 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK]. MESH:D018223 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:134160009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:276799004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:302844005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:76594008 UMLS_CUI:C0206647 disease_ontology liver cancer A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the liver. Ca liver - primary (disorder) DOID:12300 DOID:269 DOID:3571 DOID:7330 DOID:915 DOID:919 ICD10CM:C22.0 ICD10CM:C22.9 ICD9CM:155.0 ICD9CM:155.2 MESH:D008113 NCI:C34803 NCI:C7692 Resectable malignant neoplasm of Liver SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126851005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154470007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187768001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187771009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187779006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269548006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363361004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93870000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:95214007 UMLS_CUI:C0023903 UMLS_CUI:C0024620 UMLS_CUI:C0345904 UMLS_CUI:C0854795 ca liver - primary disease_ontology hepatic cancer hepatic neoplasm malignant hepato-biliary neoplasm malignant neoplasm of liver malignant neoplasm of liver (disorder) malignant neoplasm of liver unspecified (disorder) malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary malignant neoplasm of liver, primary malignant tumor of liver (disorder) neoplasm of liver (disorder) non-resectable primary hepatic malignant neoplasm primary liver cancer primary malignant neoplasm of Liver primary malignant neoplasm of liver primary malignant neoplasm of liver (disorder) primary malignant neoplasm of liver NOS (disorder) resectable malignant neoplasm of the liver retinitis DOID:3612 ICD10CM:H30.9 MESH:D012173 NCI:C115993 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193450000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35426003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:399463004 UMLS_CUI:C0035333 disease_ontology central nervous system cancer A nervous system cancer that is located_in the central nervous system. CNS neoplasm DOID:0060093 DOID:1318 DOID:3620 EFO:0000326 ICD10CM:C72.9 MESH:D016543 NCI:C4627 NCI:C9293 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126951006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190135002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:372062007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93744007 UMLS_CUI:C0085136 UMLS_CUI:C0348374 central nervous system tumor central nervous system tumors disease_ontology malignant neoplasm of central nervous system, NOS malignant tumor of CNS neoplasm of central nervous system (disorder) bladder disease A urinary system disease that is located_in the bladder. DOID:365 ICD10CM:N32.9 ICD9CM:596.9 MESH:D001745 NCI:C2900 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155886002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155890000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197897007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266630005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42643001 UMLS_CUI:C0005686 Urinary Bladder Disease disease_ontology skin disease An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. DOID:1576 DOID:1698 DOID:187 DOID:37 DOID:6486 DOID:8948 Genodermatosis ICD9CM:702 MESH:D012871 MESH:D012873 NCI:C27554 NCI:C3371 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156292006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156396006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156400006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156445005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:199879009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200580005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201095006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201107006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:239001006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267806002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267859000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267860005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267873009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:5613003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:80659006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:95320005 UMLS_CUI:C0029574 UMLS_CUI:C0037274 UMLS_CUI:C0037277 disease_ontology skin and subcutaneous tissue disease male reproductive organ cancer A reproductive organ cancer that is manifested in the male genital system. This includes organs such as the penis and scrotum. DOID:10284 DOID:3856 ICD10CM:C60-C63 ICD10CM:C63.9 ICD9CM:187.9 MESH:D005834 NCI:C3054 NCI:C8561 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126895004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190127000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190130007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363515000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93885006 UMLS_CUI:C0017417 UMLS_CUI:C0153606 disease_ontology male genital cancer male genital neoplasm male reproductive system neoplasm malignant neoplasm of male genital organ or tract malignant neoplasm of male genital organ, NOS malignant neoplasm of male genital organ, site unspecified malignant neoplasm of male genital organ, unspecified (disorder) malignant neoplasm of male genital organs (disorder) malignant tumor of male Reproductive system malignant tumor of male genital organ malignant tumor of male genital organ (disorder) neoplasm of male genital organ tumor of male Reproductive system lung carcinoma A lung cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells and is located_in the lungs and has_symptom cough and has_symptom chest discomfort or pain and has_symptom weight loss and has_symptom hemoptysis. DOID:3905 EFO:0001071 ICD10CM:C34.90 NCI:C4878 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154485001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187875007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269561006 UMLS_CUI:C0684249 cancer of lung carcinoma of lung disease_ontology non-small cell lung carcinoma A lung carcinoma that is characterized as any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma. DOID:3908 EFO:0003060 KEGG:05223 MESH:D002289 NCI:C2926 NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254637007 UMLS_CUI:C0007131 disease_ontology ICD10CM:C34 tuberculosis A primary bacterial infectious disease that is located_in lungs, located_in lymph nodes, located_in pericardium, located_in brain, located_in pleura or located_in gastrointestinal tract, has_material_basis_in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted_by droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. DOID:10096 DOID:12688 DOID:12691 DOID:399 DOID:415 DOID:9901 DOID:9902 MESH:D014375 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:15202009 UMLS_CUI:C0041295 disease_ontology MESH:D014376 urinary system cancer An organ system cancer that is located_in the kidneys, ureteres, bladder or urethra. DOID:3996 ICD10CM:C68.9 ICD9CM:189.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190132004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:448233000 UMLS_CUI:C0348371 disease_ontology disease A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. DOID:4 MESH:D004194 NCI:C2991 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64572001 UMLS_CUI:C0012634 disease_ontology liver disease DOID:2164 DOID:2165 DOID:409 DOID:46 ICD10CM:K70-K77 ICD10CM:K76.9 ICD9CM:573.9 MESH:D008107 NCI:C3196 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155807008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155817003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155822003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197375001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197551000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:235856003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266535008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:62857009 UMLS_CUI:C0023895 disease_ontology disorder of liver (disorder) hepatic disorder agnosia A communication disorder that is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. DOID:4019 DOID:4090 Dyspraxia (finding) Dyspraxia syndrome ICD10CM:R48.1 ICD10CM:R48.2 MESH:D000377 MESH:D001072 NCI:C84542 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:158320000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:158322008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192146008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:206989009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:206991001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:250058008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:271724003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42341009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68345001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:6950007 UMLS_CUI:C0001816 UMLS_CUI:C0003635 disease_ontology hypersensitivity reaction type II disease An immune system disease that is an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body resulting from an abnormal functioning of the immune system that results in the production of antibodies or T cell directed against the host tissues. DOID:417 ICD9CM:720 UMLS_CUI:C0003089 Xref MGI. autoimmune disease disease_ontology OMIM:109100 glucose metabolism disease DOID:4194 MESH:D044882 NCI:C53655 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:126877002 UMLS_CUI:C1257958 disease_ontology disorder of glucose metabolism (disorder) conjunctival disease DOID:4251 ICD10CM:H10-H11 ICD10CM:H11.9 ICD9CM:372 ICD9CM:372.9 MESH:D003229 NCI:C27605 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155161009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155169006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193906005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194583004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267735001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:59698003 UMLS_CUI:C0009759 disease_ontology cervical cancer A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the cervix. DOID:4361 DOID:4362 ICD10CM:C53 ICD10CM:C53.9 ICD9CM:180 ICD9CM:180.9 MESH:D002583 NCI:C2940 NCI:C9311 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123841004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188174005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188186008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254885005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363354003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93752005 UMLS_CUI:C0007847 UMLS_CUI:C0007873 cervical neoplasm cervix cancer cervix uteri cancer disease_ontology neoplasm of uterine cervix (disorder) tumor of the Cervix Uteri uterine cervical neoplasm OMIM:603956 renal cell carcinoma A renal carcinoma that has_material_basis_in the lining of the proximal convoluted renal tubule of the kidney. DOID:4450 EFO:0000681 MESH:D002292 NCI:C9385 OMIM:300854 RCC SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254915003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:41607009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:702391001 UMLS_CUI:C0007134 Xref MGI. adenocarcinoma of kidney disease_ontology hypernephroma renal carcinoma A kidney cancer that derives_from the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule (the very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products). DOID:4451 NCI:C9384 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:254915003 UMLS_CUI:C1378703 carcinoma of kidney disease_ontology kidney carcinoma prostate disease DOID:47 ICD10CM:N42.9 ICD9CM:602.9 MESH:D011469 NCI:C26865 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197979000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:30281009 UMLS_CUI:C0033575 disease_ontology somatoform disorder A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. DOID:10133 DOID:144 DOID:4737 ICD10CM:F45 ICD10CM:F45.0 ICD10CM:F45.9 ICD9CM:300.8 ICD9CM:300.81 ICD9CM:306.8 MESH:D013001 NCI:C34956 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154892001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191743005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192035008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192430009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192431008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192437007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:31297008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397795007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397826007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397923000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:60368009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9514005 UMLS_CUI:C0029824 UMLS_CUI:C0037650 UMLS_CUI:C0520482 disease_ontology physiological malfunction arising from mental factor psychophysiologic disorder psychosomatic disorder aggressive systemic mastocytosis ASM Aggressive systemic mastocytosis (morphologic abnormality) DOID:4798 ICD10CM:C96.2 Lymphadenopathic mastocytosis with eosinophilia MESH:D034721 NCI:C9285 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397008008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397358005 UMLS_CUI:C1112486 disease_ontology male reproductive system disease A reproductive system disease that affects male reproductive organs. DOID:48 ICD10CM:N50.9 ICD9CM:600-608.99 ICD9CM:608.9 MESH:D005832 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155905004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155933004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155945008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198089001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:198553004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64557000 UMLS_CUI:C0017412 disease_ontology anal carcinoma A anus cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells and is located_in the anus. Ca anus DOID:4908 MESH:D001005 NCI:C9291 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154467008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187762000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255084004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269546005 UMLS_CUI:C0279637 carcinoma of anus disease_ontology bone marrow cancer A hematopoietic cancer that derives_from the blood-forming stem cells of the bone marrow. DOID:2356 DOID:2761 DOID:4960 EFO:0004251 ICD10CM:D47.1 MESH:D009196 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128925001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188772004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:20921005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:414794006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:425333006 UMLS_CUI:C0027022 bone Marrow tumor bone marrow neoplasm disease_ontology malignant bone Marrow tumor malignant neoplasm of bone marrow bone marrow disease DOID:4961 MESH:D001855 NCI:C34433 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:127035006 UMLS_CUI:C0005956 bone marrow disorder disease_ontology myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm A myeloid neoplasm that results_in the overproduction of white blood cells. DOID:4972 DOID:6470 MESH:D054437 Myeloproliferative/Myelodysplastic syndromes NCI:C27262 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:397336008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:445738007 UMLS_CUI:C1301355 disease_ontology myelodysplastic myeloproliferative disease myelodysplastic myeloproliferative cancer thyroid gland disease An endocrine system disease that is located_in the thyroid. DOID:50 ICD10CM:E00-E07 ICD10CM:E07.9 ICD9CM:240-246.99 ICD9CM:246.9 MESH:D013959 NCI:C26893 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:14304000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154649009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190232008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190311002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191036006 UMLS_CUI:C0040128 disease_ontology thoracic cancer An organ system cancer located_in the thoracic cavity that develops in the different types of cells within the lungs, as well as less common cancers of the esophagus, the trachea, or the chest wall. DOID:3937 DOID:5093 ICD10CM:C76.1 ICD9CM:195.1 MESH:D013899 NCI:C3406 NCI:C3576 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188361007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188365003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255058005 Thoracic tumor UMLS_CUI:C0039981 UMLS_CUI:C0153661 disease_ontology thorax cancer thorax neoplasm tumor of thorax human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease A viral infectious disease that results_in destruction of immune system, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers, has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 2, which are transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk, transmitted_by congenital method, and transmitted_by contaminated needles. The virus infects helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) which are directly or indirectly destroyed, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The infection has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom fever, has_symptom vaginal yeast infection, has_symptom headache, has_symptom mouth sores, has_symptom muscle aches, has_symptom sore throat, and has_symptom swollen lymph glands. DOID:526 HIV infection ICD10CM:B20 ICD10CM:B20-B20 ICD9CM:042 ICD9CM:042-042.99 MESH:D015658 NCI:C3108 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:123321001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186705005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187438009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187453001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:86406008 UMLS_CUI:C0019693 disease_ontology intestinal disease A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the intestine. DOID:10759 DOID:11222 DOID:11789 DOID:5295 DOID:8531 DOID:8558 DOID:8591 ICD10CM:K63.9 ICD9CM:569.9 MESH:D007410 NCI:C26801 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155629009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197266001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266483008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:85919009 UMLS_CUI:C0021831 disease_ontology sleep disorder A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. DOID:535 DOID:9028 ICD9CM:307.4 Non-organic sleep disorder UMLS_CUI:C0154564 disease_ontology schizophrenia A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. DOID:14734 DOID:5419 EFO:0000692 ICD9CM:295.8 ICD9CM:295.80 OMIM:181500 UMLS_CUI:C0029838 UMLS_CUI:C0220702 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology schizophrenia-1 MESH:D012559 pneumonia A lung disease that involves lung parenchyma or alveolar inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation). It results from a variety of causes including infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites, and chemical or physical injury to the lungs. It is accompanied by fever, chills, cough, and difficulty in breathing. DOID:10509 DOID:11742 DOID:552 DOID:5871 MESH:D011014 NCI:C3333 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155548002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155552002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155558003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233604007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266391003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:274103002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:60363000 UMLS_CUI:C0032285 acute pneumonia disease_ontology acute T cell leukemia CSP:2004-1600 CSP:2004-1803 DOID:5603 ICD10CM:C91.5 ICD10CM:C91.50 MESH:D015459 NCI:C3184 Precursor T Lymphoblastic Leukemia SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:110007008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188729005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:77430005 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (disorder) UMLS_CUI:C0023493 disease_ontology eye disease An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye. DOID:2933 DOID:5614 ICD10CM:H44 ICD10CM:H44.9 ICD9CM:360 ICD9CM:360.9 ICD9CM:379.90 MESH:D005128 NCI:C26767 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111509007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155101007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155198005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193265001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193266000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193316008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194183009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:264555006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:366261005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371405004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371409005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:79517001 UMLS_CUI:C0015397 disease_ontology large intestine cancer An intestinal cancer that effects the long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other. DOID:1994 DOID:1997 DOID:5672 ICD10CM:C18.9 MESH:D015179 NCI:C4978 NCI:C5105 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363510005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:408645001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:93854002 UMLS_CUI:C0009402 UMLS_CUI:C0346629 UMLS_CUI:C1319315 disease_ontology retinal disease An eye disease that is located_in the retina. DOID:5679 ICD10CM:H35.9 ICD9CM:362.9 MESH:D012164 NCI:C26875 NCI:C62601 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193430004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267715002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:29555009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35426003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:399625000 UMLS_CUI:C0035309 disease_ontology peripheral nervous system disease A nervous system disease that affects the peripheral nervous system. DOID:13069 DOID:574 ICD10CM:G64 ICD9CM:350-359.99 MESH:D010523 NCI:C119734 NCI:C27580 NCI:C27587 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155064004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155080009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155100008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193088006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193264002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:264554005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267706009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:302226006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42658009 UMLS_CUI:C0031117 UMLS_CUI:C1335029 disease_ontology peripheral nerve disease peripheral neuropathy myocardial infarction A coronary artery disease characterized by myocardial cell death (myocardial necrosis) due to prolonged ischaemia. DOID:5844 EFO:0000612 ICD10CM:I21 ICD10CM:I22 MESH:D009203 Myocardial infarct NCI:C27996 OMIM:608557 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155304006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194796000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:22298006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233824008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266288001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:66514008 UMLS_CUI:C0027051 Xref MGI. disease_ontology heart attack panic disorder An anxiety disorder that is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress. DOID:594 EFO:0004262 MESH:D016584 NCI:C34890 OMIM:167870 OMIM:607853 OMIM:609985 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191705007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192400001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268627007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:371631005 UMLS_CUI:C0030319 Xref MGI. disease_ontology panic anxiety syndrome congestive heart failure A heart disease that is characterized by any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. CHF Cardiac Failure Congestive Congestive heart disease DOID:395 DOID:6000 ICD10CM:I50 ICD10CM:I50.9 ICD9CM:428 ICD9CM:428.0 ICD9CM:428.9 MESH:D006333 NCI:C3080 NCI:C50577 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155374007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155375008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155377000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195108009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195117009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266248006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266308000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:42343007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:84114007 UMLS_CUI:C0018801 UMLS_CUI:C0018802 Weak heart disease_ontology esophageal disease A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the esophagus. DOID:10117 DOID:10118 DOID:11798 DOID:6050 ICD10CM:K22.9 ICD9CM:530 ICD9CM:530.9 MESH:D004935 NCI:C3027 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155671005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155680005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196626000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266497000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:37657006 UMLS_CUI:C0014852 disease_ontology esophageal Ulcer bronchitis A bronchial disease that is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It is caused by bacteria and viruses. The disease has_symptom cough with mucus, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom low fever and has_symptom chest tightness. CI - Chest infection CSP:2596-1500 Chest infection DOID:13503 DOID:13504 DOID:13707 DOID:13728 DOID:13729 DOID:5049 DOID:6130 DOID:6131 DOID:6132 DOID:9982 DOID:9983 ICD10CM:J20 ICD10CM:J20.9 ICD10CM:J40 ICD10CM:J42 ICD9CM:466.0 ICD9CM:490 ICD9CM:491 ICD9CM:491.9 MESH:D001991 MESH:D029481 NCI:C26722 NCI:C26932 NCI:C2911 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:10509002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155512004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155515002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155566007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155572007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155616009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195713004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195733000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195936003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195940007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195956002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266354009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266380005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266395007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32398004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:35301006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:63480004 UMLS_CUI:C0006277 UMLS_CUI:C0008677 UMLS_CUI:C0149514 acute Bronchitis acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis chest cold chronic bronchitis disease_ontology recurrent wheezy bronchitis conjunctivitis A conjunctival disease characterized by an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. DOID:6195 ICD10CM:H10 ICD10CM:H10.9 ICD9CM:372.30 MESH:D003231 Madras eye NCI:C34504 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193857008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193858003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193875009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9826008 UMLS_CUI:C0009763 disease_ontology genetic disease A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome. DOID:630 MESH:D030342 NCI:C3101 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:264530000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:32895009 UMLS_CUI:C0019247 disease_ontology migraine A brain disease that is characterized by moderate to severe headaches, nausea, extreme sensitivity to light and sound and intense unilaterial throbbing or pulsing. DOID:12437 DOID:6364 EFO:0003821 ICD10CM:G43 ICD10CM:G43.9 ICD10CM:G43.909 ICD9CM:346 ICD9CM:346.9 MESH:D008881 NCI:C89715 OMIM:157300 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155046006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155048007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193030005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193036004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193041007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267699004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:37796009 UMLS_CUI:C0042331 UMLS_CUI:C0149931 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology migraine disorder migraine variant migraine with or without aura pulmonary hypertension A hypertension characterized by an increase of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein or pulmonary capillaries. DOID:6432 ICD10CM:I27.2 MESH:D006976 NCI:C3120 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155328008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266293003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:70995007 UMLS_CUI:C0020542 disease_ontology connective tissue disease A musculoskeletal system disease that affects tissues such as skin, tendons, and cartilage. DOID:65 MESH:D003240 NCI:C26729 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:105969002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201432001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268048008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268126004 UMLS_CUI:C0009782 connective tissue disorder disease_ontology disorder of connective tissue acne A sebaceous gland disease characterized by areas of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, greasy skin, and possibly scarring. Acne varioliformis DOID:6543 DOID:9906 ICD10CM:L70 ICD10CM:L70.2 ICD10CM:L70.9 ICD9CM:706.0 MTH:217 NCI:C27195 OMIM:604324 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:11381005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201210008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201211007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201212000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201229002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201408008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:23894009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267815009 UMLS_CUI:C0152249 UMLS_CUI:C0702166 acne vulgaris disease_ontology frontalis acne inherited metabolic disorder A disease of metabolism that is characterized by enzyme deficiency or accumulation of enzymes or toxins which interfere with normal function due to inherited enzyme abnormality. DOID:655 Inborn Errors of Metabolism MESH:D008661 Metabolic hereditary disorder NCI:C34816 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363205007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:86095007 UMLS_CUI:C0025521 disease_ontology inborn metabolism disorder cerebrovascular disease An artery disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the blood vessels supplying the brain. CVA (cerebral vascular accident) Cerebrovascular accident (disorder) DOID:12214 DOID:3455 DOID:6713 DOID:8231 EFO:0000712 ICD10CM:I60-I69 ICD10CM:I63.9 ICD10CM:I67.9 ICD9CM:430-438.99 ICD9CM:437.9 MESH:D002561 MESH:D020521 NCI:C2938 NCI:C3390 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:601367 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155388006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155405006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155412002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195208004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195249004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195595007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:230690007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266312006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266315008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:270883006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:313267000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:62914000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:82797006 UMLS_CUI:C0007820 UMLS_CUI:C0038454 cerebrovascular accident cerebrovascular disorder disease_ontology stroke juvenile rheumatoid arthritis A rheumatoid arthritis that involves an autoimmune disease onset in children under 16 which attacks the healthy cells and tissue of located_in joint. DOID:10129 DOID:1264 DOID:675 DOID:676 ICD10CM:M08.4 ICD10CM:M08.40 ICD9CM:714.3 ICD9CM:714.31 ICD9CM:714.32 ICD9CM:714.33 NCI:C26979 NCI:C61279 OMIM:604302 ORDO:92 Pauciarticular onset juvenile chronic arthritis SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201798003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201799006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201803007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201809006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:74391003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:7441009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:75822003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:83793004 UMLS_CUI:C0157916 UMLS_CUI:C0157917 UMLS_CUI:C0157918 UMLS_CUI:C0409667 Xref MGI. acute juvenile rheumatoid arthritis disease_ontology juvenile chronic polyarthritis juvenile idiopathic arthritis monarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis pauciarticular juvenile arthritis systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis MESH:D001171 hepatocellular carcinoma A liver carcinoma that has_material_basis_in undifferentiated hepatocytes. DOID:5005 DOID:684 EFO:0000182 HCC Hepatoma NCI:C7711 NCI:C7956 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:114550 UMLS_CUI:C0279607 adult Hepatoma adult primary hepatocellular carcinoma disease_ontology liver carcinoma A liver cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells. DOID:686 Liver and Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma NCI:C7927 UMLS_CUI:C0279000 disease_ontology disease of anatomical entity A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. DOID:1 DOID:2 DOID:5 DOID:7 DOID:71 DOID:72 DOID:8 disease_ontology ankylosing spondylitis A bone inflammation disease that results_in inflammation in the joints of the spine and pelvis. The disease has_symptom pain, has_symptom stiffness in the spine, has_symptom stiffness in the neck, has_symptom stiffness in the hips, has_symptom stiffness in the jaw and has_symptom stiffness in the rib cage. Bekhterev syndrome Bekhterev's disease DOID:7147 EFO:0003898 ICD10CM:M45 ICD9CM:720.0 MESH:D013167 Marie-Strumpell disease NCI:C84564 ORDO:825 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156619005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9631008 UMLS_CUI:C0038013 disease_ontology rheumatoid arthritis An arthritis that is an autoimmune disease which attacks healthy cells and tissue located_in joint. Arthritis or polyarthritis, rheumatic DOID:7148 EFO:0000685 ICD10CM:M06.9 ICD9CM:714.0 KEGG:05323 MESH:D001172 NCI:C27206 NCI:C2884 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:180300 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156471009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156481008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:287010008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:69896004 UMLS_CUI:C0003873 atrophic Arthritis disease_ontology T-cell leukemia DOID:715 MESH:D015458 UMLS_CUI:C0023492 disease_ontology hematopoietic system disease An immune system disease that has_material_basis_in hematopoietic cells. Blood disease Blood dyscrasia NOS DISEASE OF THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS DOID:74 Hematological disease ICD10CM:D75.9 ICD9CM:280-289.99 ICD9CM:289.9 MESH:D006402 NCI:C26323 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154785002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154842002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191124002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191402006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191446003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267552000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267573000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:34093004 UMLS_CUI:C0018939 blood disorder disease of hematopoietic system disease_ontology peptic ulcer disease DOID:11466 DOID:12635 DOID:13115 DOID:750 ICD10CM:K27 ICD9CM:533 MESH:D010437 NCI:C3318 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:13200003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155701001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155710009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196681007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196697002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196704007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196705008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266437002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266501005 UMLS_CUI:C0030920 acute peptic ulcer with hemorrhage acute peptic ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation acute peptic ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation (disorder) acute peptic ulcer without hemorrhage and without perforation disease_ontology gonorrhea A primary bacterial infectious disease that is a sexually transmitted infection, located_in uterus, located_in fallopian tube, located_in urethra, located_in mouth, located_in throat, located_in eye or located_in anus, has_material_basis_in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is transmitted_by contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus or transmitted_by congenitally from mother to baby during delivery. The infection has_symptom burning sensation during urination, has_symptom discharge from the penis, has_symptom increased vaginal discharge, or has_symptom vaginal bleeding between periods. DOID:10409 DOID:13557 DOID:7551 ICD10CM:A54 ICD10CM:A54.9 ICD9CM:098 ICD9CM:098.2 ICD9CM:098.32 MESH:D006069 NCI:C35730 NCI:C92950 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154387008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:15628003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186943001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187361005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266142004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:60893000 UMLS_CUI:C0018081 UMLS_CUI:C0153199 UMLS_CUI:C0153203 chronic gonococcal infectious disease of lower genitourinary tract chronic gonococcal infectious disease of upper genitourinary tract disease_ontology gastrointestinal system disease A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the gastrointestinal tract. DOID:27 DOID:77 DOID:944 GIT disease Gastroenteropathy ICD10CM:K92.9 ICD9CM:520-579.99 MESH:D004066 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155629009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155847001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197575000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266483008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:53619000 UMLS_CUI:C0012242 alimentary system disease digestive system disorder disease_ontology gastrointestinal disease gastrointestinal disorder hyperthyroidism A thyroid gland disease that involves an over production of thyroid hormone. DOID:7998 ICD10CM:E05.9 MESH:D006980 NCI:C3123 OMIM:603373 OMIM:609152 ORDO:99819 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154655004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190239004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267464006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:34486009 UMLS_CUI:C0020550 Xref MGI. disease_ontology overactive thyroid lipodystrophy DOID:811 ICD10CM:E88.1 ICD9CM:272.6 MESH:D008060 NCI:C97093 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190789006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190790002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:71325002 UMLS_CUI:C0023787 disease_ontology osteoarthritis An arthritis that has_material_basis_in worn out cartilage located_in joint. DOID:8398 EFO:0002506 ICD9CM:715.3 OMIM:610839 OMIM:612401 Osteoarthrosis and allied disorder UMLS_CUI:C0157946 Xref MGI. degenerative arthritis degenerative joint disease disease_ontology hypertrophic arthritis osteoarthrosis influenza A viral infectious disease that results_in infection, located_in respiratory tract, has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus A, has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus B, or has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus C, which are transmitted_by droplet spread of oronasal secretions during coughing, sneezing, or talking from an infected person. It is a highly contagious disease that affects birds and mammals and has_symptom chills, has_symptom fever, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom runny nose, has_symptom muscle pains, has_symptom severe headache, has_symptom cough, and has_symptom weakness. DOID:8468 DOID:8469 ICD10CM:J11.1 ICD9CM:487 Influenza with non-respiratory manifestation (disorder) Influenza with other manifestations Influenza with other manifestations (disorder) Influenza with other manifestations NOS (disorder) MESH:D007251 NCI:C53482 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155559006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155562009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195931008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266353003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266393000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:6142004 UMLS_CUI:C0021400 disease_ontology flu influenza with non-respiratory manifestation arthritis A bone inflammation disease that involves a response to irritation or injury, characterized by joint pain, swelling, stiffness located_in joint and/or redness located_in skin over the joint. DOID:848 ICD10CM:M19.90 Inflammatory disorder of joint MESH:D001168 NCI:C2883 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:202059001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:363178003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:372091005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:3723001 UMLS_CUI:C0003864 disease_ontology lung disease A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. DOID:11894 DOID:11895 DOID:29 DOID:766 DOID:850 ICD10CM:J98.4 MESH:D008171 NCI:C3198 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196164004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:19829001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266374002 UMLS_CUI:C0024115 Updating out dated CUI and removing lung abscess as a synonym. disease_ontology gastroesophageal reflux disease Acid reflux DOID:8534 GERD GERD - Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Gastresophageal reflux Gastro-esophageal reflux Gastroesophageal reflux Gastroesophageal reflux disease ICD10CM:K21 ICD10CM:K21.9 ICD9CM:530.81 MESH:D005764 NCI:C26781 NCI:C92560 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:109350 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:102620007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155673008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196600005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196624002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:235595009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266498005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:54856001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:698065002 UMLS_CUI:C0017168 disease_ontology collagen disease DOID:854 MESH:D003095 NCI:C27204 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156458006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201434000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201454004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:268048008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:81573002 UMLS_CUI:C0009326 collagen disorder disease_ontology chronic myeloid leukemia A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. CML CML - chronic Myelogenous Leukemia DOID:8551 DOID:8552 DOID:8606 EFO:0000339 ICD9CM:205.1 KEGG:05220 MESH:D015464 Myeloid Leukemia, chronic NCI:C3174 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:608232 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154592009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188735005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:63364005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:92818009 UMLS_CUI:C0023473 chronic granulocytic leukemia chronic myelogenous leukemia disease_ontology ulcerative colitis A colitis that is predominantly confined to the mucosa located_in colon and includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. DOID:8576 DOID:8577 DOID:9016 EFO:0000729 ICD10CM:K51 ICD10CM:K51.9 ICD9CM:556 ICD9CM:556.5 ICD9CM:556.9 Left-sided ulcerative colitis MESH:D003093 NCI:C2952 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155764007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196985000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196988003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196996008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266447004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:27701000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:441971007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64766004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:68195006 UMLS_CUI:C0009324 UMLS_CUI:C0375359 disease_ontology nervous system disease A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the central nervous system or located_in the peripheral nervous system. DOID:863 ICD10CM:G00-G99 ICD10CM:G98 ICD10CM:G98.8 ICD9CM:349.9 MESH:D009422 NCI:C26835 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:118940003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154981003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155262005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192641002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267679005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:286946008 UMLS_CUI:C0027765 disease_ontology Kaposi's sarcoma A connective tissue cancer that derives_from lymphatic endothelium, and derives_from spindle cells, results_in_formation_of vascular channels that fill with blood cells, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma Corneal Kaposi's sarcoma Cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma DOID:12761 DOID:12762 DOID:12764 DOID:12766 DOID:12767 DOID:12768 DOID:12770 DOID:12771 DOID:12772 DOID:12774 DOID:12775 DOID:12776 DOID:12777 DOID:12778 DOID:6480 DOID:7239 DOID:8631 DOID:8632 ICD10CM:C46 ICD10CM:C46.0 ICD10CM:C46.1 ICD10CM:C46.2 ICD10CM:C46.3 ICD10CM:C46.4 ICD10CM:C46.5 ICD10CM:C46.9 ICD9CM:176 ICD9CM:176.0 ICD9CM:176.1 ICD9CM:176.2 ICD9CM:176.3 ICD9CM:176.4 ICD9CM:176.5 ICD9CM:176.9 Kaposi sarcoma Kaposi's sarcoma of Heart Kaposi's sarcoma of anus Kaposi's sarcoma of central nervous system Kaposi's sarcoma of conjunctiva (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of cornea (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of esophagus Kaposi's sarcoma of gastrointestinal sites Kaposi's sarcoma of lung (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph nodes Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph nodes (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of palate (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of penis Kaposi's sarcoma of skin Kaposi's sarcoma of skin (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of soft tissue (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of soft tissues (disorder) Kaposi's sarcoma of the CNS Kaposi's sarcoma of the gallbladder Kaposi's sarcoma of the prostate Kaposi's sarcoma, lung Kaposi's sarcoma, skin Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) MESH:D012514 NCI:C27500 NCI:C3550 NCI:C3551 NCI:C4578 NCI:C4579 NCI:C5363 NCI:C5523 NCI:C5529 NCI:C5602 NCI:C5706 NCI:C5842 NCI:C6377 NCI:C6749 NCI:C7006 NCI:C9087 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Palate Kaposi's sarcoma SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109385007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109386008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109387004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109388009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109390005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109391009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154604006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188029000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188144002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188483007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188775002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190112000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255114007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:255115008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:49937004 UMLS_CUI:C0036220 UMLS_CUI:C0153560 UMLS_CUI:C0153561 UMLS_CUI:C0153562 UMLS_CUI:C0153563 UMLS_CUI:C0153564 UMLS_CUI:C0153565 UMLS_CUI:C0346935 UMLS_CUI:C0346936 UMLS_CUI:C1332265 UMLS_CUI:C1332847 UMLS_CUI:C1333453 UMLS_CUI:C1333744 UMLS_CUI:C1333776 UMLS_CUI:C1334318 UMLS_CUI:C1334457 UMLS_CUI:C1335372 UMLS_CUI:C1335509 anal Kaposi's sarcoma cardiac Kaposi's sarcoma central nervous system Kaposi's sarcoma conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma corneal Kaposi's sarcoma cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma disease_ontology esophageal Kaposi's sarcoma gallbladder Kaposi's sarcoma gastric Kaposi's sarcoma intestinal Kaposi's sarcoma lymph node Kaposi's sarcoma lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma palate Kaposi's sarcoma penis Kaposi's sarcoma prostate Kaposi's sarcoma pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma soft tissue Kaposi's sarcoma eating disorder A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individual's physical and emotional health. DOID:8670 ICD10CM:F50 ICD10CM:F50.9 ICD9CM:307.50 NCI:C89332 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192444003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192452000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:72366004 UMLS_CUI:C0013473 disease_ontology anorexia nervosa An eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight due to a distorted self image. DOID:8689 ICD10CM:F50.0 ICD10CM:F50.00 ICD9CM:307.1 MESH:D000856 NCI:C34387 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154926005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192445002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:56882008 UMLS_CUI:C0003125 disease_ontology myeloid leukemia A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue. DOID:8692 DOID:8878 DOID:8879 DOID:8910 DOID:9066 DOID:9126 ICD10CM:C92 ICD10CM:C92.9 ICD10CM:C92.90 ICD9CM:205 ICD9CM:205.9 MESH:D007951 NCI:C3172 Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128934006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154587007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188732008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:188743000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190047005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:269631008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:324170002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:37810007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94717009 UMLS_CUI:C0023470 disease_ontology leukemia myelogenous myeloid granulocytic leukemia bacterial pneumonia A pneumonia involving inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria. DOID:13815 DOID:874 ICD10CM:J15.9 ICD9CM:482.9 MESH:D018410 NCI:C26704 Pneumonia due to other gram-negative bacteria SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155553007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195891009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195892002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:53084003 UMLS_CUI:C0004626 disease_ontology gram-negative pneumonia Crohn's disease An intestinal disease that involves inflammation located_in intestine. Crohn disease Crohn's disease of colon (disorder) Crohn's disease of large bowel DOID:8778 DOID:8784 DOID:8855 DOID:8942 EFO:0000384 Granulomatous Colitis ICD10CM:K50.1 ICD9CM:555.1 MESH:C536215 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK]. MESH:D003424 NCI:C35211 NCI:C37262 Pediatric Crohn's disease SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155762006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196981009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:196982002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266446008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:50440006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:7620006 UMLS_CUI:C0156147 disease_ontology intermediate coronary syndrome (Angina: [crescendo] or [unstable] or [at rest]) or (preinfarction syndrome) or (impending infarction) Angina at rest Anginal chest pain at rest DOID:8805 ICD10CM:I20.0 ICD9CM:411.1 Impending infarction (disorder) MESH:D000789 NCI:C66911 Preinfarction angina Preinfarction angina (disorder) SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155308009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155313008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155314002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194814006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194816008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194817004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:194819001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233818002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:233820004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:25106000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:4557003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:59021001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:64333001 UMLS_CUI:C0002965 Unstable angina Worsening angina disease_ontology actinic keratosis DOID:8866 ICD10CM:L57.0 ICD9CM:702.0 MESH:D055623 NCI:C3148 SK - Solar keratosis SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156395005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156398007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156400006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201096007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201097003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201098008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201101007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201106002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201107006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267858008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267860005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:46795000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:856006 Senile hyperkeratosis Solar keratosis UMLS_CUI:C0022602 actinic (Solar) Keratosis disease_ontology psoriasis DOID:8893 EFO:0000676 ICD10CM:L40 ICD10CM:L40.9 MESH:D011565 NCI:C3346 OMIM:601454 OMIM:602723 OMIM:603935 OMIM:604316 OMIM:605364 OMIM:605606 OMIM:607857 OMIM:610707 OMIM:612410 OMIM:612599 OMIM:612950 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156369008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156371008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200961000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200978009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267851002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:9014002 UMLS_CUI:C0033860 Xref MGI. Update outdated UMLS CUI from C00295134 to C0033860. disease_ontology Wilson disease Cerebral pseudosclerosis DOID:893 ICD10CM:E83.01 MESH:D006527 NCI:C84756 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:277900 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154751003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190823004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191710006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192640001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267504005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:88518009 UMLS_CUI:C0019202 Westphal pseudosclerosis Westphal-Strumpell syndrome Wilson's disease disease_ontology hepatolenticular degeneration metal metabolism disorder An inherited metabolic disorder that involves metabolic disturbances in the processing or distribution of dietary minerals. DOID:896 MESH:D008664 UMLS_CUI:C0025534 disease_ontology inborn metal metabolism disorder psoriatic arthritis A syndrome that occurs in humans with psoriasis who also experience symptoms similar to arthritis. DOID:9008 EFO:0003778 ICD10CM:L40.5 ICD10CM:L40.50 ICD9CM:696.0 MESH:D015535 NCI:C61277 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:156370009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200959009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:33339001 UMLS_CUI:C0003872 arthritis psoriatica arthropathic psoriasis disease_ontology psoriatic arthropathy Ritter's disease A commensal bacterial infectious disease that is characterized by widespread erythema, peeling, and necrosis of the skin, that is caused by a toxin produced by a bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus (S. aureus). The infection has_symptoms redness of skin, has_symptom fluid-filled blister formation, has_symptom fever and has_symptom irritability. DOID:9063 Dermatitis exfoliativa neonatorum ICD10CM:L00 ICD9CM:695.81 MESH:D013206 NCI:C85077 Pemphigus neonatorum Ritter disease SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:200946001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:367537006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:87758007 Scalded skin syndrome Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (disorder) Toxic epidermal necrolysis, subcorneal type (disorder) UMLS_CUI:C0038165 disease_ontology sebaceous gland disease A skin disease that is located_in the sebaceous gland. DOID:9098 ICD10CM:L70.8 ICD9CM:706.1 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201213005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201230007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:201401002 UMLS_CUI:C0029485 disease_ontology acute myeloid leukemia A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. amebiasis A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. Amebic invasion of the intestinal lining causes dysentery, colitis or diarrhea. The infection can also spread through the blood to the liver and, rarely, to the lungs, brain or other organs. DOID:11901 DOID:11904 DOID:9181 ICD10CM:A06 ICD10CM:A06.9 ICD9CM:006 ICD9CM:006.9 MESH:D000562 NCI:C84551 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:105637008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111909004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:111910009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154274000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186122001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187278004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:282008000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:387754006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:388759003 UMLS_CUI:C0002438 amoebiasis chronic intestinal amebiasis disease_ontology entamoebiasis gastrointestinal stromal tumor DOID:9253 GANT GIST MESH:D046152 NCI:C3868 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:606764 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128755003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:420120006 Stromal tumor of gastrointestinal tract UMLS_CUI:C0238198 disease_ontology colorectal cancer A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. DOID:9256 KEGG:05210 MESH:D015179 OMIM:114500 OMIM:611469 OMIM:612230 OMIM:612231 OMIM:612232 OMIM:612589 OMIM:612590 OMIM:612592 UMLS_CUI:C1527249 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology viral infectious disease A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Viruses. DOID:1329 DOID:934 ICD10CM:A94 ICD10CM:B34 ICD10CM:B34.9 ICD9CM:060-066.99 ICD9CM:066.9 MESH:D001102 MESH:D014777 NCI:C3439 NCI:C34396 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154319002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154345006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154372003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186619002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:186754003 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:187471008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266116004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266188005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266194002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:34014006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:40610006 UMLS_CUI:C0003723 UMLS_CUI:C0042769 Viral Infection Viral disease disease_ontology virus infection diabetes mellitus A glucose metabolism disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. DOID:9351 ICD10CM:E08-E13 ICD10CM:E11 ICD9CM:250 MESH:D003920 NCI:C2985 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154671004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191044006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267467004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:73211009 UMLS_CUI:C0011849 disease_ontology type 2 diabetes mellitus A diabetes mellitus that involves high blood glucose resulting from cells fail to use insulin properly. DOID:9352 EFO:0001360 ICD10CM:E11 KEGG:04930 MESH:D003924 NCI:C26747 NIDDM OMIM:125853 OMIM:601283 OMIM:601407 OMIM:603694 OMIM:608036 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154672006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190323008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190384004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267468009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:44054006 UMLS_CUI:C0011860 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. disease_ontology non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II diabetes mellitus brain disease DOID:8510 DOID:936 ICD10CM:G93.40 ICD10CM:G93.9 ICD9CM:348.3 ICD9CM:348.30 ICD9CM:348.9 MESH:D001927 NCI:C26920 NCI:C96413 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155053002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193051008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193059005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:76011009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:81308009 UMLS_CUI:C0006111 UMLS_CUI:C0085584 disease_ontology encephalopathy A central nervous system disease that is located_in the brain. lipid storage disease A lysosomal storage disease that involves the accumulation of harmful amounts of lipids (fats) in some of the body's cells and tissues. DOID:10583 DOID:9455 ICD10CM:E75.6 ICD9CM:272.7 ICD9CM:272.8 Lipoid storage diseas Lipoidosis MESH:D008064 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:10741005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:11455007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154744007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190792005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190797004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190798009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190805007 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267437005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:267438000 UMLS_CUI:C0023794 UMLS_CUI:C0029591 disease_ontology inborn lipid storage disorder lipoidosis leukocyte disease DOID:9500 ICD10CM:D72.9 ICD9CM:288 ICD9CM:288.9 MESH:D007960 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154829002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191369001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:54097007 UMLS_CUI:C0023510 disease_ontology multiple myeloma A myeloid neoplasm that is located_in the plasma cells in bone marrow. DOID:9538 EFO:0001378 ICD10CM:C90.0 ICD10CM:C90.00 ICD9CM:203.0 MESH:D009101 NCI:C3242 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM:254500 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:109989006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154585004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:55921005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:94705007 UMLS_CUI:C0026764 disease_ontology plasma cell myeloma bacterial conjunctivitis DOID:9700 ICD10CM:H10.0 MESH:D003234 NCI:C53656 Purulent conjunctivitis SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128350005 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:17482009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:193877001 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:243321006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:243462001 UMLS_CUI:C0009768 disease_ontology upper respiratory tract disease A respiratory system disease which involves the upper respiratory tract. DOID:974 ICD9CM:478.1 ICD9CM:478.19 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:195823002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266346007 UMLS_CUI:C0029581 disease_ontology irritable bowel syndrome A syndrome that is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any detectable organic cause. DOID:9778 IBD ICD10CM:K58 ICD10CM:K58.9 ICD9CM:564.1 Irritable colon KEGG:05321 MESH:D043183 NCI:C82343 Psychogenic IBS SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:10743008 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:155783000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:192434000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:197124009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:266525002 UMLS_CUI:C0022104 disease_ontology acute lymphocytic leukemia A lymphoblastic leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts. DOID:9952 EFO:0000220 ICD10CM:C91.0 ICD10CM:C91.00 ICD9CM:204.0 NCI:C3167 OMIM:247640 OMIM:613065 OMIM:613067 ORDO:513 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:128822004 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:154588002 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:190034000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:90151006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:91857003 UMLS_CUI:C0023449 Xref MGI. acute lymphoblastic leukemia disease_ontology hypereosinophilic syndrome DOID:999 Eosinophilic leukocytosis ICD10CM:D72.1 ICD9CM:288.3 MESH:D004802 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:165524009 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:191363000 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:27955006 SNOMEDCT_US_2016_03_01:418928000 UMLS_CUI:C0014457 disease_ontology MESH:D017681 eosinophilia avanafil Oral Tablet 1291305 information content entity 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. OBI_0000142 PERSON: Chris Stoeckert information content entity Homo sapiens GC_ID:1 Home sapiens Homo sampiens Homo sapeins Homo sapian Homo sapians Homo sapien Homo sapience Homo sapiense Homo sapients Homo sapines Homo spaiens Homo spiens Humo sapiens human man ncbi_taxonomy Elderly An age group comprised by people 65 years of age and older. C16268 C0001792 Age Group Elderly (Over 65) Elderly Aged 65 and Over Senior Citizen Elderly ELDERLY Elderly FDA Child NICHD Children (0-21) CHILD C16423 Children A person who is not yet an adult. The specific cut-off age will vary by purpose. Child Child Child FDA Age Group C0008059 Children Newborn Age Group C16731 Newborn An infant during the first month after birth. C0021289 Neonate NICHD NEONATE FDA Newborn Newborn Newborn Neonatal Adult 21 21 A human who has reached reproductive age. Age Group Human, Adult Adult Adult ADULT C17600 C0001675 FDA Adult Human (21+) Adult Adolescent ADOLESCENT A juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity; in the state of development between puberty and maturity. Age Group Adolescent Adolescent Adolescent C0205653 FDA Adolescents C27954 adverse event Melanie Courtot and YH: More work is needed on how to restrict the scope of a term to be an 'adverse event', notably regarding temporal association. When is an appropirate time interval between a medical intervention and an adverse event observed? One week, one month, one year, or a lifetime? For some well-studied medical interventions (e.g., administration of many vaccines or drugs), we probably have a general idea. For many new interventions, we don't know much. In OAE, this issue is associated with defining the 'adverse event incubation time'. YH: The current term 'adverse event' is different from the term definition shown in our paper: He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper. We made the name changing in order to make OAE cover the broader sense of the 'adverse event' which does not assume definite causal effect between an adverse event and a medical intervention. In current definition, the adverse event emphasizes the time association and assumes a likelihood of such a causal association. This term 'adverse event' is stil under the OGMS:pathological bodily process. The 'adverse event' defined in the above paper has now been changed to a new term: 'causal adverse event'. See more information in the new publication: Yongqun He Y, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Yu Lin, Zuoshuang Xiang, Abra Guo, Shelley Zhang, Desikan Jagannathan, Luca Toldo, Cui Tao and Barry Smith. OAE: The Ontology of Adverse Events. Journal of Biomedical Semantics. 2014, 5:29 doi:10.1186/2041-1480-5-29. PMID: 25093068.PMCID: PMC4120740. YH: In development of OAE, we initially use vaccine adverse event as our use case. A vaccine adverse event is associated with a vaccination (i.e. a medical intervention), regardless of whether it is considered vaccine-related, and includes any side effect, injury, toxicity, or sensitivity reaction or significant failure of immunization (i.e., a pharmacologic action). Ref: Baylor NW and Midthum K. Regulation and testing of vaccines. In: Vaccines (Editors: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, and Offit P). 2008. p1623. AE YH: There has been discussion regarding whether the term 'side effect' is an alternative term for 'adverse event'. In AERO, the term 'AERO:adverse event' represents a subset of those adverse events for which causality has been established. In OAE, an adverse event for which causality has been established is called 'causal adverse event'. a pathological bodily process that occurs after a medical intervention. An adverse event is likely caused by the medical intervention; however, such a causal association is not required to be an adverse event. YH: The main scope of OAE includes: (1) represent terms and relations in the area of adverse events, (2) assess possible associations between an adverse event and a medical intervention, particularly, identify any causal effect of a medical intervention to an adverse event; and (2) understand the mechanism (including molecular mechanisms) of causal adverse events. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093068 The OAE official website is: http://www.oae-ontology.org/. WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm adverse reaction YH: An adverse event is a process that has specified output of some adverse medical outcome (e.g., symptom, sign or accident) after a medical intervention (or process) (e.g., administration of drug or vaccine). The medical intervention can be an administration of a drug, a vaccine (i.e., vaccination), or a special nutritional product (for example, dietary supplement, infant formula, medical food), surgery, or usage of a medical device. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_event YH: An adverse event is possibly induced by the medical intervention. It can be caused by the medical intervention, or may not be caused by the medical intervention. One ultimate goal (or the goal in clinics) of study adverse events is to assess if the adverse event outcome is due to the medical intervention. Yongqun He medical intervention medical intervention is a planned process that has the goal of diagnosing, preventing or relieving illness or injury. The act of intervening, interfering or interceding with the intent of modifying the outcome. In medicine, an intervention is usually undertaken to help treat or cure a condition. For example, "Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States," Reference: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=34214 . Some interventions can be used for diagnosis. YH WEB: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_medical_intervention adverse drug event adverse drug reaction an adverse event that occurs after a drug administration YH, JX ADE ADR drug adverse event drug administration a medical intervention where a patient is administered with a drug YH flushing AE 10016825 a skin discoloration AE which has an outcome of flushing, a sudden reddening of the face, neck, or upper chest HPO: HP_0001033 SIDER: C0016382 CTCAE:E13771 NCIt:C26775 SS, YH 脸红 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003241.htm pain in extremity AE 10033425 CTCAE: E12512 a pain AE where the pain reachs an extreme level. SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0030196 NCIt: C78515 HPO: HP_0009763 musculoskeletal or connective tissue AE 10028395 an adverse event that has an outcome of abnormal sign in a musculoskeletal or connective tissue. YH, RR, JX WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/msd/ musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder AE A musculoskeletal disorder is an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, or supporting structures of the upper or lower limbs, neck, or lower back that are caused, precipitated, or exacerbated by sudden exertion or prolonged exposure to physical factors such as repetition, force, vibration, or awkward posture CTCAE: E13872 fatigue AE 10016256 10024264 SS, YH, MW lethargy AE SIDER: C0015672 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_%28medical%29 HPO: HP_0003388 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of fatigue, which is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions, usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness, though varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. CTCAE: E11098 (fatigue); CTCAE: E12709 (lethargy) NCIt: C3036; NCIt: C78416 lethargy is sometimes reported as an extreme fatigue: http://the-difference-between.com/lethargy/fatigue they are sometimes regarded as synonyms: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003088.htm myocardial infarction AE 10028596 a cardiac disorder AE that is characterized by a necrosis of the myocardium caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart SIDER: C0027051 HPO: HP_0001658 SS 心肌梗塞 NCIt: C27996 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68009203 CTCAE: E10152 injury AE 10022116 SS, YH an injury and procedural complication AE which has an outcome of injury nystagmus AE 10029864 眼球震颤 CTCAE:E12748 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus JX, LW, YH NCIt:C3282 Nystagmus AE is an eye AE that is a condition of involuntary eye movement, acquired in infancy or later in life, that may result in reduced or limited vision. Due to the involuntary movement of the eye, it is often called "dancing eyes". hot flushes AE 10020407 HPO: HP_0008209 hot flashes AE hot flush AE hot flash AE SS, YH, MW a skin adverse event that is characterized by an uncomfortable and temporary sensation of intense body warmth, flushing, sometimes accompanied by sweating upon cooling. SIDER: C0600142 NCIt: C3109 CTCAE: E13781 tumor AE 10026865 YH, RR an adverse event that results in the outcome of a tumor. nodule AE tumour AE mass AE wheezing AE 10047924 NCIt:C78718 SS, YH, MW CTCAE:E13605 a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/wheezing/basics/definition/sym-20050764 systematic AE an adverse event that occurs systematically throughout the systemic circulation. This is different from local adverse event that is limited or a certain location. systematic adverse event URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction YH, JX metabolism, endocrine or exocrine system AE 10027433 SS, YH, JX metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE MP: 0005266 an adverse event which occurs in a metabolism process (including anabolism and catabolism), endocrine system, or exocrine system. discomfort AE HPO: HP_0010832 a sensory capability AE that resuls in an uncomfortable feeling. YH SIDER: C0234215 female reproductive system AE 10038604 YH a reproductive system AE that occurs on the female side. male reproductive system AE a reproductive system AE that occurs on the male side. YH cardiac disorder AE 10007541 10061024 HPO: HP_0001627 SIDER: C0018799 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has a cardiac disorder outcome. SS, YH WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heart+disease Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091623 vascular disorder AE 10047065 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has a vascular disorder outcome dermatitis AE 10012431 SS, YH HPO: HP_0011123 SIDER: C0011603 a skin adverse event that results in an inflammation of skin aspirin-induced adverse event a drug adverse event that is induced by aspirin. YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm Aspidrox-induced adverse event an aspirin-induced adverse event that is induced by the aspirin drug Aspidrox. aspirin-induced nausea AE YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of nausea aspirin-induced vomiting AE an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of vomiting YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced stomach pain AE YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of stomach pain aspirin-induced heartburn AE an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of heartburn YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced rash AE an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of rash symptom. YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm causal adverse drug event YH a drug adverse event that is caused by a drug adiministration. Here a causal effect is established between the drug administration and the adverse event. fungal infection AE 10017533 HPO: HP_0002841 SIDER: C0026946 a pathogen infection adverse event that has an outcome of a fungal infection. YH sensory neuropathy AE a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of sensory neuropathy that involves damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system. sensory neuropathy AE YH, AG drug-induced neuropathy AE AG, YH a neuropathy AE that is induced by a drug administration https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000700.htm tremor AE 10044565 SS, YH Tremor AE is a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an involuntary trembling or quivering, and muscle contraction and relaxation. SIDER: C0040822 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tremor.html NCIt: C38038 HPO: HP_0001337 CTCAE: E12837 causal adverse drug event due to drug-drug interaction 10013710 YH, LT WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+interaction a causal adverse drug event that is induced by a drug-drug interaction. causal adverse drug event due to food-drug interaction a causal adverse drug event that is induced by a food-drug interaction. YH, LT causal adverse drug event due to genetic predisposition a causal adverse drug event that is induced bygenetic predisposition. YH, LT causal adverse drug event due to SNP a causal adverse drug event due to genetic predisposition that is specifically induced by SNP. YH, LT hair, skin or nail AE YH, SS, JX an adverse event that occurs in hair, skin, or nail. hair, skin, and nail AE hair AE YH, SS a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in hair. nail AE a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in nail. YH, SS endocrine system AE 10014698 a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that occurs in endocrine system. YH, SS hepatitis AE HPO: HP_0006562 a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that has an outcome of hepatitis. YH SIDER: C0019158 bradycardia AE 10006093 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradycardia HPO: HP_0001662 SIDER: C0428977 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bradycardia a decreased heart rate AE that results in a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minutes (BPM). aplenzin-induced adverse event YH a bupropion-induced adverse event that is induced by aplenzin administration medical intervention site AE 10003055 application site reaction an adverse event that occurs in the site of a medical intervention (e.g., vaccination injection site). YH medical intervention site a site that is used for a medical intervention YH arterial disorder AE arterial disease AE SS SIDER: C0852949 a vascular disorder AE that affects the artery HPO: HP_0002620 abdominal distension AE 10000060 NCIt: C78161 a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0003270 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003609/ SIDER: C0000731 CTCAE: E10456 abnormal dreams AE 10000125 DJ, SS, YH a behavioral and neurological AE that results in odd dreams acne AE 10000496 SIDER: C0702166 a skin AE that is characterized by pimples generally on the face, chest and back, caused by clogging of the pores HPO: HP_0001061 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/acne acne vulgaris AE agranulocytosis AE 10001507 HPO: HP_0001913 SIDER: C0001824 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of acute leukopenia, or lowered white blood cell count, most commonly of neutrophils causing neutropenia in circulating blood WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001295.htm 粒性白血球缺乏症 JX, DJ, SS, YH alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE 10001547 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139615 DJ, SS, YH a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal blood level of alanine aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase level increased AE 10001551 DJ, SS, YH, EB NCIt: C26948 CTCAE: E12077 an alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alanine transaminase, an enzyme most commonly found in the liver WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139615 amenorrhoea AE 10001928 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942684 SIDER: C0002453; HPO: HP_0000141 aplastic anaemia AE 10002967 再生障碍性贫血 DJ, SS, JX, YH SIDER: C0002874 aplastic anemia Aplastic anaemia AE is an anemia AE that occurs when the bone marrow, and the blood stem cells that reside there are damaged. This causes a deficiency of all three blood cell types (pancytopenia): red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). HPO: HP_0001915 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23292240 anxiety AE 10002855 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of a psychological and physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. These components combine to create an unpleasant feeling that is typically associated with uneasiness, fear, or worry. SIDER: C0003467 NCIt: C26696 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety CTCAE: E12883 HPO: HP_0000739 SS, YH balance disorder AE 10049848 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, giddy, woozy, or have a sensation of movement, spinning, or floating. HPO: HP_0002141 SS, YH SIDER: C0575090 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_disorder convulsion AE 10010904 convulsion AE is a muscle adverse event that results in a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convulsion SS, YH HPO: HP_0001250 SIDER: C0009951 dysgeusia AE 10013911 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgeusia NCIt:C28145 SIDER: C0013378 HPO: HP_0000223 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of distortion of the sense of taste SS, YH, MW CTCAE:E12643 dyskinesia AE 10013916 SIDER: C0013384 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyskinesia a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of dyskinesia HPO: HP_0100660 SS, YH dyskinesia is a movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements dyspnea AE 10013963 10013968 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspnoea HPO: HP_0002094 CTCAE: E13368 NCIt: C2998 SIDER: C0013404 呼吸困难 UMLS CUI: C0013404 MedDRA: 10013968 is for "dyspnoea"; MedDRA: 10013963 is for "dyspnea". dyspnoea AE is an abnormal respiration AE debilitating symptom that is the experience of unpleasant or uncomfortable respiratory sensations, shortness of breath, air hunger dyspnoea AE eye irritation AE 10015946 SIDER: C0235266 HPO: HP_0000478 WEB: http://www.freemd.com/eye-irritation/ SS, YH eye irritation AE is an eye disorder AE that results in mild eye redness, itching, or tearing conduction system disorder AE 10000032 10010276 a cardiac disorder AE of the electrical conduction system that controls the heart rate, generates and conducts electrical impulses throughout the muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood. conduction disorder AE NCIt: C78245 CTCAE: E10114 WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8407 SS cardiac conduction disorder AE hypoesthesia AE 10020937 WEB:http://medguides.medicines.org.uk/document.aspx?name=hypoaesthesia a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of hypoaesthesia, meaning that skin loses some of its sensitivity to pain or touch HPO: HP_0010830 SIDER: C0020580 hypoaesthesia AE SS, YH disesthesia AE influenza AE SIDER: C0021400 SS, YH a viral infection AE that demonstrates an influenza viral infection. Influenza is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses), that affects birds and mammals WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza HPO: HP_0005376 MDR: 10022000 arteriosclerosis coronary artery AE 10003211 SIDER: C0010054 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Coronary+Arteriosclerosis a coronary artery disease AE with the outcome hardening of the coronary artery due to a build up of waxy plaque on the inside of blood vessels HPO: HP_0004929 DJ, SS, YH kidney AE 10038428 abnormal renal function AE SS, YH an adverse event that occurs in kidney. lacrimation increased AE 10023644 HPO: HP_0009926 WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6199 SIDER: C0152227 SS, YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an increase in production, secretion, and shedding of tears WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears muscular weakness AE 10028372 HPO: HP_0001324 a muscle AE that has an outcome of muscular weakness AE (i.e., lack of muscle strength). SS, YH SIDER: C0151786 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_weakness nasal congestion AE 10028735 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion SS, YH HPO: HP_0001742 nasal congestion AE is a respiratory system AE that results in a blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels SIDER: C0027424 NCIt: C78500 CTCAE: E13450 nasopharyngitis AE SIDER: C0027441 SS, YH common cold AE a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of nasopharyngitis, a respiratory system inflammation that results in common cold, a contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasopharyngitis a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of nasopharyngitis, a respiratory system inflammation that results in common cold, a contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system HPO: HP_0002087 peripheral neuropathy AE 10029331 WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/peripheralneuropathy/detail_peripheralneuropathy.htm WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy an neuropathy AE that results in a damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS, outside the brain and spinal cord), the vast communication network that transmits information from the brain and the spinal cord (the central nervous system) to every other part of the body. neuropathy peripheral AE SS, YH oropharyngeal pain AE 10068319 a pain AE that has an outcome of oropharyngeal pain HPO: HP_0010833 oropharyngeal pain is a pain in oral airway WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oropharyngeal_airway SIDER: C2363731 SS, YH otitis media AE 10033078 CTCAE: E11477 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media HPO: HP_0008623 NCIt: C34885 SIDER: C0029882 SS, YH an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of otitis media that results in inflammation of the middle ear, or middle ear infection pharyngitis AE 10034835 SIDER: C0031350 NCIt: C26851 pharyngitis AE is a digestive system AE that results in an inflammation of the throat or pharynx HPO: HP_0100776 CTCAE: E11525 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngitis SS, YH pharyngolaryngeal pain AE 10034844 WEB: http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/1631/ HPO: HP_0010833 CTCAE: E13482 a pain AE that shows a pain in sinus and throat NCIt: C78556 SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0858635 rhinitis AE 10028116 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rhinitis runny nose HPO: HP_0002257 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitis SIDER: C0035455 rhinitis AE is a respiratory system inflammation characterized by runny nose,irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose rhinorrhea AE rhinorrhoea AE rhinorrhoea AE is a respiratory system AE that results in runny nose, an unusually significant amount of nasal fluid SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrhoea sneezing AE 10041232 sneezing AE is a respiratory system adverse event that results in sternutation, a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa CTCAE:E13572 NCIt:C50746 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneezing sternutation SS, YH, MW tachycardia AE 10043071 SIDER: C0039231 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia an increased heart rate AE where the heart rate exceeds the normal range for a resting heartrate (heartrate in an inactive or sleeping individual) SS, YH HPO: HP_0001649 upper respiratory tract infection AE 10046300 SIDER: C0041912 SS, YH NCIt: C35650 URI, URTI HPO: HP_0002788 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infection an infection AE is a respiratory system AE that results in illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx CTCAE: E11604 paresthesia oral AE 10057372 a paresthesia AE that occurs in oral area. SIDER: C0521591 paraesthesia oral AE paraesthesia oral is a paresthesia that results in a numbness or tingling that occurs in the mucosa or tissues of the oral cavity. http://www.answers.com/topic/oral-paresthesia SS, YH HPO: HP_0003401 fever AE 10005911 10016558 10037660 CTCAE: E11102 body temperature increased AE Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1-2 °F). NCIt: C3038 Axelrod YK1, Diringer MN. Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders. Neurol Clin. 2008 May;26(2):585-603, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. PMID: 18514828. pyrexia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrexia an abnormal body temperature AE which has an outcome of fever febrile response YH, SS, MW rash AE 10037844 SIDER: C0015230 Wick JY. Drug-induced rash: nuisance or threat? Consult Pharm. 2013 Mar;28(3):160-6. PMID: 23462025. Drug-induced rash is the most commonly reported drug reaction. HPO: HP_0000988 URL: http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/common-rashes YH URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rash a skin AE that shows the symptom of rash, i.e., an abnormal change in skin color, appearance, or texture. A rash may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. infection AE 10021789 an adverse event that has an outcome of a pathogen infection, i.e., an infection caused by a pathogen such as a virus, bacterium, or parasite. change of name from 'infection adverse event' to 'infectious adverse event' on 09/23/13 for a better clinical relevance, move 'infection adverse event' as an alternative term - SS WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection infectious adverse event YH, JX infection syndrome AE An AE that has an outcome of syndrome. Syndrome is the association of several clinically recognizable features, signs (observed by a physician), symptoms (reported by the patient), phenomena or characteristics that often occur together, so that the presence of one feature alerts the physician to the presence of the others. YH agitation AE 10001497 CTCAE:E12874 SIDER: C0085631 HPO: HP_0000711 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of emotional state of excitement or restlessness YH, MW NCIt:C79530 injection-site AE 10022095 injection site AE YH, JX, SS injection-site AE is an AE that occurs in an injection site (e.g., during vaccination). CTCAE: E11138 NCIt: C3508 injection-site adverse event injection-site reaction local reaction AE pruritus AE 10037087 NCIt:C3344 SIDER: C0033774 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=mesh&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=pruritus+generalised&log$=activity itching pruritus generalised AE itch Pruritus is an itch (Latin: pruritus), i.e., an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch. HPO: HP_0000989 CTCAE:E13686 YH, SS, MW a skin adverse event that has an outcome of pruritus pain AE 10033371 YH, MW CTCAE: E11167 NCIt: C3303 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of pain in a patient HPO: HP_0010833 SIDER: C0030193 myalgia AE 10028411 NCIt:C27009 YH, MW muscle pain AE CTCAE:E12485 SIDER: C0231528 HPO: HP_0003326 a pain AE that has outcome of myalgia. Myalgia means "muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. urticaria AE 10046735 SIDER: C0042109 Urticaria AE is a rash AE notable for dark red, raised, itchy bumps. YH, MW hives CTCAE:E13746 HPO: HP_0001025 NCIt:C3432 headache AE 10019211 HPO: HP_0002315 a pain AE that has an outcome of headache CTCAE: E12678 SIDER: C0018681 NCIt: C34661 YH, MW respiratory system AE I created this term and make it to be an umbrella term for different disorder terms related to respiratory system. --Oliver He YH an AE that occurs in respiratory system. abnormal blood pressure AE MP: MP_0000230 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal blood pressure, representing altered tension of the blood within the systemic arteries asthenia AE 10003549 HPO: HP_0001324 SIDER: C0004093 YH a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of asthenia, which is a medical term denoting symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength. maculo-papular rash AE 10037868 YH, MW maculopapular rash AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maculopapular_rash The term "maculopapular" is a compound: macules are small, flat discolored spots on the surface of the skin; and papules are small, raised bumps. CTCAE:E13700 rash maculopapular AE rash maculo-papular AE A rash AE that shows a flat, red area on the skin overed with small confluent bumps. NCIt:C75579 arthralgia AE 10003239 YH, MW HPO: HP_0002829 An joint disorder AE that has an outcome of arthralgia. Arthralgia means joint pain. It is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses (in particular arthritis) or an allergic reaction to medication. According to MeSH, the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory. SIDER: C0003862 NCIt:C50464 CTCAE:E12374 dizziness AE 10013573 HPO: HP_0002321 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of dizziness Dizziness describes a number of subjective symptoms, which the patient may describe as feelings of lightheadedness, floating, wooziness, giddiness, confusion, disorientation or loss of balance. Medical terms include vertigo, disequilibrium, pre-syncope or syncoptic episode. Causes may stem from a variety of failures of equilibrioception, hypotension, cerebral hypoxia or a reaction to environmental chemicals or drugs. CTCAE:E12631 SIDER: C0012833 YH, SS, MW NCIt:C37943 edema limbs AE 10030124 10050068 NCIt: C78262 YH, SS oedema peripheral AE peripheral edema AE edema peripheral AE peripheral edema AE is an edema AE that results in swelling of tissues, usually in the lower limbs, due to the accumulation of fluids WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_edema CTCAE: E11086 malaise AE 10025482 YH HPO: HP_0002321 CTCAE: E11152 Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an "out of sorts" feeling. Malaise is often the first indication of an infection or other disease. Vaccination may induce malaise. a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of malaise NCIt: C3832 SIDER: C0231218 somnolence AE 10041349 CTCAE:E12814 YH, SS, MW drowsiness Somnolence (or "drowsiness") is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (c.f. hypersomnia). SIDER: C2830004 NCIt:C26754 HPO: HP_0001262 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of somnolence paresthesia AE 10033775 10033987 Paresthesia is more generally known as the feeling of "pins and needles" or of a limb being "asleep" (although this is not directly related to the phenomenon of sleep). The manifestation of paresthesia may be transient or chronic. YH, MW paraesthesia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraesthesia NCIt: C28177 a sensory neuropathy AE that shows a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect. CTCAE: E12758 crying abnormal AE 10011469 YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of abnormal crying in a patient chills AE 10008531 feeling cold AE YH CTCAE: E11074 SIDER: C0085593 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of chills HPO: HP_0001945 NCIt: C35143 Chills refers to feeling cold after an exposure to a cold environment. The word can also refer to an episode of shivering, accompanied by paleness and feeling cold. anorexia AE 10002646 10002649 10061428 decreased appetite AE YH, MW WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorexia/basics/definition/con-20033002 SIDER: C0003123 NCIt: C2875 HPO: HP_0002039 a gustatory system AE which demonstrates a decreased sensation of appetite. anorexia nervosa AE CTCAE: E12252 厌食症 face edema AE 10014222 10016029 10042682 NCIt: C78289 swelling face face oedema AE WEB:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003105.htm CTCAE: E11082 oedema face AE emema face AE face edema AE is an edema AE that results in facial swelling, the build-up of fluid in the tissues of the face. Swelling may also affect the neck and upper arms YH, SS, MW cough AE 10011224 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cough cough WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cough.html NCIt:C37935 YH, SS, MW coughing AE an abnormal respiration AE that shows a sudden and often repetitively occurring reflex to keep the throat and airways clear CTCAE:E13364 flu syndrome AE YH flu-like symptom AE a syndrome AE that has an outcome of a flu syndrome AE and occurs after a medical intervention. CTCAE: E11108 NCIt: C78302 syncope AE 10024855 10042772 SIDER: C0039070 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of loss of consciousness, fainting WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconsciousness fainting Syncope is the medical term for fainting, a sudden, usually temporary, loss of consciousness. CTCAE: E12832 NCIt: C35053 YH, SS, MW HPO: HP_0001279 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_%28medicine%29 sweating AE a skin adverse event that has an outcome of sweating SIDER: C0038990 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sweating' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 2,301 VAERS reports (1.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). HPO: HP_0000975 YH abdominal pain AE 10000081 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abdominal pain' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 2,254 VAERS reports (1.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, SS a pain AE that is observed in abdominal cavity WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_pain SIDER: C0000737 HPO: HP_0002027 hypertension AE 10005750 10020772 CTCAE: E13785 SIDER: C0020538 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722707 YH, SS, MW MP: MP_0000231 NCIt: C3117 HPO: HP_0000822 blood pressure increased an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of sustained high blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states chest pain AE 10008479 YH HPO: HP_0001681 SIDER: C0008031 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'chest pain' was mentioned in 1,752 VAERS reports (1.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a pain AE that occurs at the chest twitching AE a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of twitching, an involuntary sudden movement of part of the body. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'twitching' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,511 VAERS reports (1.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH asthma AE 10003553 Asthma is a common chronic lung disease. It has been defined by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute as a common chronic disorder of the airways that is complex and characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (bronchospasm), and an underlying inflammation. YH SIDER: C0004096 哮喘 HPO: HP_0002099 a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of asthma neck pain AE 10028836 SIDER: C0007859 CTCAE: E12493 NCIt: C50663 YH, MW According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'neck pain' was mentioned in 1,323 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). HPO: HP_0003418 a pain AE that has an outcome of neck pain back pain AE 10003988 YH, MW HPO: HP_0003418 SIDER: C0004604 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'back pain' was mentioned in 1,277 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). NCIt:C41830 CTCAE:E12388 a pain AE that has an outcome of back pain alopecia AE 10001760 CTCAE:E13611 MP: MP_0000414 a hair AE that has an outcome of alopecia and occurs after a medical intervention. SIDER: C0002170 NCIt:C50575 VAE, MW alopecia means the absence of hair or loss of hair. It is not usually in reference to primary genetic hairlessness but may be due to dietary, stress, secondary to immune condition. HPO: HP_0001596 neuropathy AE WEB: http://www.neuropathy.org/ SIDER: C0442874 a nervous system AE that shows a damage to or disease affecting the nerves. 神经病变 WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/147963.php YH, RR WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm Neuropathy is often classified according to the types or location of nerves that are affected. Neuropathy can also be classified according to the disease causing it. (For example, neuropathy from the effects of diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy. Ref: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy. HPO: HP_0007141 hypokinesia AE 10021021 HPO: HP_0002375 YH SIDER: C0086439 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of hypokinesia, refering to slow or diminished movement of body musculature. muscle twitch AE 10028346 JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciculation fasciculation AE muscle contraction AE myokymia AE Muscle twitch AE is a twitching AE that is a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation which may be visible under the skin. skin discoloration AE 10040829 skin discoloration AE is a skin adverse event that results in change in color of skin or mucus membranes skin discolouration AE YH, SS According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin discoloration' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 909 VAERS reports (0.7%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). speech disorder AE 10041466 YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of disorder in speech SIDER: C0037822 HPO: HP_0006977 hemorrhage AE 10055798 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhage haemorrhage AE bleeding AE MP: MP_0001914 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of hemorrhage loss of blood from the vascular compartment to the exterior or into nonvascular body space as a result of rupture or severance of the blood vessels muscle AE a musculoskeletal system AE that occurs in muscle. YH hepatobiliary or pancreatic AE YH, JX an adverse event that occurs in liver, biliary, and pancreatic areas. URL: http://www.ijhpd.com/ WEB: http://www.uchospitals.edu/online-library/content=P00670 liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorder AE digestive system AE YH an AE that occurs in digestive system. confusion AE 10010300 10010305 YH, KM NCIt: C37928 mental confusion AE CTCAE: E12889 confused state AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mental+confusion a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of confusion, which is a mild form of delirium. joint disorder AE a musculoskeletal system AE which has an outcome of joint disorder YH eye AE 10015916 YH an AE that occurs in eye. eye disorder AE HPO: HP_0000496 SIDER: C0015397 sedimentation rate increased AE YH red blood cell sedimentation rate increased AE Sedimentation rate is a diagnostic test for inflammation. The test measures the rate at which red blood cells fall to the bottom of a tube over time. An increased sedimentation rate corresponds to increased non-specific inflammation in the body. It is often called "sedrate" for short. ESR sedrate red blood cell sedimentation rate increased AE is an AE: sedimentation rate increased that has an increase in rate at which red blood cells precipitate in a period of 1 hour. This term should be inferred to lab test abnormal. erythrocyte sedimentation rate a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of sedimentation rate increased According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sedimentation rate increased' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 530 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). dyspepsia AE 10013946 CTCAE: E10617 NCIt: C26756 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'dyspepsia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 454 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SIDER: C0013395 Dyspepsia is popularly known as indigestion, meaning hard or difficult digestion. It is a medical condition characterized by chronic or recurrent pain in the upper abdomen, upper abdominal fullness and feeling full earlier than expected when eating. YH HPO: HP_0002577 an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of dyspepsia anaphylactoid reaction AE 10002198 10002216 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'anaphylactoid reaction' was mentioned in 452 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SIDER: C0340865 HPO: HP_0100845 YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293078 an allergy AE which has an outcome of anaphylactoid reaction AE is an acute systemic (multi-system) and very severe Type I Hypersensitivity allergic reaction in humans and other mammals. Minute amounts of allergens may cause a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. gastrointestinal disorder AE SIDER: C0017178 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'gastrointestinal disorder' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 449 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a digestive system AE which has an outcome of a gastrointestinal disorder YH HPO: HP_0011024 ascites AE 10003445 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001541 SIDER: C0003962 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23296107 an edema AE that has an outcome of accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity CTCAE: E10502 NCIt: C2885 vertigo AE 10047340 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'vertigo' was mentioned in 412 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). NCIt: C38057 Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness, a major symptom of a balance disorder. It is the sensation of spinning or swaying while the body is actually stationary with respect to the surroundings. The effects of vertigo may be slight. It can cause nausea and vomiting and, in severe cases, it may give rise to difficulties with standing and walking. HPO: HP_0002321 SIDER: C0042571 CTCAE: E10291 YH a dizziness AE that has an outcome of vertigo cardiac arrest 10007515 10007617 10028596 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+arrest a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of heartarrest, the abrupt cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively during systole. cardiopulmonary arrest YH circulatory arrest NCIT: C50479 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction CTCAE: E10101 heart arrest AE bronchitis AE SIDER: C0006277 YH a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of bronchitis HPO: HP_0002837 Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes. liver function test abnormal AE 10019670 10024690 MP: MP_0000609 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+function According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'liver function tests abnormal' was mentioned in 717 VAERS reports (0.6%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a liver related investigation result abnormal AE which shows an abnormal test result in a liver function test, indicating aberrant function of liver. ear AE an AE that occurs in ear. SIDER: C0013447 ear disorder AE YH HPO: HP_0000598 viral infection AE viral infection HPO: HP_0005364 SIDER: C0042769 an infection AE that results in detrimental colonization of a host organism by virus YH, SS WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_infection jaundice AE 10023126 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaundice According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'jaundice' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 317 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0000611 SIDER: C0022346 a liver/biliary system AE which has an outcome of jaundice, which is the clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, with deposition of bile pigments in the skin, resulting in yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes HPO: HP_0000952 SS, YH icterus AE eye pain AE 10015958 SIDER: C0151827 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'eye pain' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 316 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a pain AE that has an outcome of eye pain CTCAE: E10376 NCIt: C78287 HPO: HP_0200025 YH palpitation AE 10033557 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitations a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of palpitation A palpitation is an abnormal awareness of the beating of the heart, whether it is too slow, too fast, irregular, or at its normal frequency. YH angioedema AE 10002473 angioneurotic edema WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/basics/definition/con-20014815 an edema AE which has an outcome of angioedema Angioedema is the rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues often around the eyes and lips. It is very similar to urticaria, but urticaria, commonly known as hives, occurs in the upper dermis. YH, SJ immune system AE According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'immune system disorder' was mentioned in 292 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). HPO: HP_0002715 YH SIDER: C0021053 immune system disorder AE an AE that occurs in immune system. migraine AE migraine headache YH HPO: HP_0002076 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'migraine'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 267 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a headache AE that has an outcome of migraine SIDER: C0149931 A migraine is a very painful type of headache. People who get migraines often describe the pain as pulsing or throbbing in one area of the head. During migraines, people are very sensitive to light and sound. They may also become nauseated and vomit. amnesia AE 10001949 NCIt:C2867 YH, MW a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of amnesia in a patient HPO: HP_0002354 CTCAE:E12585 SIDER: C0002622 Amnesia is a short term memory condition in which memory is disturbed. In simple terms it is the loss of memory. bacterial infection AE 10060945 bacterial infection AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_infection an infection AE that results in detrimental colonization of a host organism by bacteria HPO: HP_0002718 YH, SS SIDER: C0004623 skin striae AE SIDER: C0152459 YH stretch marks HPO: HP_0001065 striae distensae According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin striae'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 247 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a skin adverse event that has an outcome of skin striae that displays irregular areas of skin that look like bands, stripes, or lines. Striae are seen when a person grows or gains weight rapidly or has certain diseases or conditions. acute brain syndrome AE a syndrome AE that has an outcome of an acute brain syndrome AE and occurs after a medical intervention. YH hyperkinesia AE 10020651 SIDER: C0424295 HPO: HP_0002487 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of hyperkinesia, an abnormal increase in muscular activity. YH cardiovascular AE 10007649 HPO: HP_0001626 SIDER: C0007222 YH an AE that occurs in cardiovascular system. cardiovascular disorder AE encephalopathy AE 10014625 SIDER: C0085584 a nervous system AE which has an outcome of encephalopathy, which is disorder or disease of the brain. CTCAE:E12652 NCIt:C26920 YH, MW HPO: HP_0007239 urine abnormality AE SIDER: C0235639 a urinary system AE that has an outcome of urine abnormality AE HPO: HP_0011036 YH gastroenteritis AE 10017888 HPO: HP_0004386 YH SIDER: C0017160 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'gastroenteritis' was mentioned in 218 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastroenteritis a gastrointestinal disorder AE which has an outcome of gastroenteritis, an inflammation occuring in the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach and the small intestine, often results in diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain and cramping urinary tract infection AE 10046571 CTCAE: E11614 NCIt: C50791 a urinary system AE that has an outcome of urnary tract infection AE SIDER: C0042029 HPO: HP_0000094 YH depression AE 10012378 NCIt:C2982 SIDER: C0011570 YH, MW WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/definition/con-20032977 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of depression. Depression causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. CTCAE:E12909 HPO: HP_0000716 diabetes mellitus AE 10012601 HPO: HP_0000819 SIDER: C0011849 YH diabetes AE a glucose homeostasis AE which has an outcome of diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus, often referred to simply as diabetes, is a syndrome of disordered metabolism, usually due to a combination of hereditary and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). generalized spasm AE YH a muscle spasm AE which has an outcome of generalized spasm, which is an involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL) or smooth muscle (MUSCLE, SMOOTH). dry mouth AE 10013781 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of dry mouth, which is dryness of the mouth resulting from reduced salivary secretion YH CTCAE: E10578 SIDER: C0043352 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'dry mouth'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 171 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). xerostomia NCIt: C26917 HPO: HP_0000217 epistaxis AE 10015090 YH, MW NCIt:C26766 nosebleed Epistaxis is the relatively common occurrence of hemorrhage from the nose, usually noticed when the blood drains out through the nostrils. SIDER: C0014591 HPO: HP_0000421 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of epistaxis CTCAE:E13374 lupus AE 狼疮样综合征 lupus syndrome AE YH, JX WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lupus/ a syndrome AE that displays a lupus syndrome. Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs. hallucination AE 10019063 10019077 NCIt: C37961 HPO: HP_0000738 A hallucination, in the broadest sense, is a perception in the absence of a stimulus. In a stricter sense, hallucinations are defined as perceptions in a conscious and awake state in the absence of external stimuli which have qualities of real perception, in that they are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space. YH, MW hallucinations AE a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of hallucination SIDER: C0018524 CTCAE: E12919 neuralgia AE 10029223 CTCAE:E12744 a pain AE that has an outcome of neuralgia Neuralgia or neuropathic pain can be defined most simply as non-nociceptive pain. Neuralgia is pain produced by a change in neurological structure or function. Unlike nociceptive pain, Neuralgia exists with no continuous nociceptive input. Neuralgia falls into two categories: central Neuralgia and peripheral Neuralgia. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'neuralgia'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 155 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). NCIt:C79695 HPO: HP_0003489 SIDER: C0027796 YH, MW bone AE 10005956 HPO: HP_0000924 SIDER: C0005940 YH a musculoskeletal system AE that occurs in the bone bone disorder muscle spasm AE 10028334 MP: MP_0000743 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasm a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of muscle spasm, which is an involuntary and often painful muscle contraction or cramps having a number of causes ranging from nutritional deficiency to serious nervous system conditions tendon disorder AE a connective tissue disorder AE that occurs at the location of tendon YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'tendon disorder'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 137 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendon disorder is a medical condition that results in a tendon not functioning normally. hostility AE 10020400 YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of hostility visual field defect AE 10047555 10047571 SS, YH visual impairment AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of visual field defect abnormal stool AE According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal stools' was mentioned in 111 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal stool YH bone pain AE 10006002 NCIt:C38644 YH, MW SIDER: C0151825 a pain AE that has an outcome of bone pain CTCAE:E12392 HPO: HP_0002653 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'bone pain' was mentioned in 109 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). flatulence AE 10016766 CTCAE: E10697 SIDER: C0016204 NCIt: C37954 Flatulence is the production of a mixture of gases in the digestive tract of mammals or other animals that are byproducts of the digestion process. Such a mixture of gases is known as flatus, and is expelled from the rectum in a process colloquially referred to as "passing gas" or "farting". HPO: HP_0011024 YH a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of flatulence According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'flatulence' was mentioned in 102 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). weight loss AE 10047895 10047900 MP: MP_0001263 CTCAE: E12228 a physical examination result abnormal AE that has an outcome of weight loss, which is the progressive reduction of body weight below normal average for age NCIt: C3445 MW, YH weight decreased AE ataxia AE 10003591 CTCAE:E12597 SIDER: C0004134 HPO: HP_0001251 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of ataxia, inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'ataxia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 555 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, MW NCIt:C26702 MP: MP_0001393 skin AE 10040831 WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/skin+disorder a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in skin. YH abnormal gait AE 10017577 gait disturbance AE NCIt: C78303 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224774 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal gait' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 998 VAERS reports (0.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of unusual or distinctive way of walking SS, YH CTCAE: E11112 MP: MP_0001406 dehydration AE 10012174 hypohydration an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of dehydration, which is an excessive water loss from the body or from an organ or bodily part CTCAE:E12258 YH, SS, MW MP: MP_0001429 NCIt:C26740 SIDER: C0011175 HPO: HP_0001944 abnormal fluid regulation AE MP: MP_0001784 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal fluid regulation, which is any anomaly in the control of intracellular and/or extracellular fluid hyperglycemia AE 10020635 10020639 MP: MP_0001559 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperglycemia a glucose homeostasis AE which has an outcome of hyperglycemia, which is an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood; generally refers to a pathological state CTCAE: E12276 YH, MW NCIt: C26797 anemia AE 10002034 10002272 NCIt: C2869 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001586/ anaemia AE MP: MP_0001577 CTCAE: E10010 a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of anemia, which is less than normal levels of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin within red blood cells, or volume of packed red blood cells in the bloodstream, resulting in insufficient oxygenation of tissues and organs hypotension AE 10005734 10021097 YH, MW CTCAE: E13791 an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states SIDER: C0020649 HPO: HP_0002615 NCIt: C3128 blood pressure decreased, low blood pressure MP: MP_0001596 electrolyte blood test abnormal AE an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal level of an electrolyte in the blood YH, MW abnormal digestion AE MP: MP_0001664 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal digestion, which is an altered ability of the mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic processes of the body to convert ingested food into material suitable for assimilation for synthesis of tissues or liberation of energy homeostasis AE an AE that occurs in the homeostasis system. anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of various functions and chemical or protein composition of the fluids and tissues MP: MP_0001764 edema AE 10016807 10030095 10042674 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedema an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of edema, which is an accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues oedema, swelling, dropsy WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_(medical) MP: MP_0001785 inflammation AE 10061218 SIDER: C0021368 SS, YH HPO: HP_0007891 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation MP: MP_0001846 an immune system disorder AE that results in complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue greater than expected response to injury, infection, or insult. brain inflammation AE According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'encephalitis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 480 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0001847 an inflammation AE which has an outcome of brain inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain eye inflammation AE 10015943 MP: MP_0001851 HPO: HP_0100533 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of eye inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the eye SIDER: C0239429 conjunctivitis AE 10010741 an eye inflammation AE which has an outcome of conjunctivitis, which is inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball HPO: HP_0000509 SIDER: C0009763 NCIt: C34504 MP: MP_0001852 CTCAE: E10355 liver inflammation AE YH, JX MP: MP_0001860 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hepatitis' was mentioned in 387 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). an inflammation AE that shows a local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the liver respiratory system inflammation AE MP: MP_0002405 an inflammation AE which occurs in the respiratory system, which is reflected with the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the respiratory system vasculitis AE 10047115 NCIt:C26912 MP: MP_0001864 CTCAE:E13837 YH, MW HPO: HP_0002633 an inflammation AE that has an outcome of vasculitis, which is an inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel SIDER: C0042384 It's an inflammation. sinusitis AE 10040753 SS, YH, RR CTCAE: E11563 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sinusitis'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 298 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). NCIt: C35024 SIDER: C0037199 MP: MP_0001872 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis sinus inflammation AE HPO: HP_0000246 a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of sinus inflammation, an inflammation of paranasal sinuses, which may be due to infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues. allergy AE 10001718 10001738 anaphylactic reaction AE allergic reaction AE CTCAE: E11248 MP: MP_0001878 过敏反应 NCIt: C3114 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy allergic response AE JX, LW, YH a hypersensitivity AE which results in an allergic response showing a marked increase in reactivity to an antigen upon subsequent exposure. 变态反应 nervous system AE 10029202 KY, YH an AE that occurs in nervous system. MP: MP_0003633 nervous system disorder AE URL: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/overview_of_nervous_system_disorders_85,P00799/ abnormal respiration AE Not sure if it is same as respiratory system disorder or abnormal respiration. --Oliver He MP: MP_0001943 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'respiratory disorder' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 556 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of abnormal respiration, an anomaly in the movement of gases into and out of the lung apnea AE respiratory arrest AE JX, YH, MW NCIt: C26698 MedDRA: 10002974 is for "apnoea"; MedDRA: 10002972 is for "apnea". According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'apnea' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,618 VAERS reports (1.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). CTCAE: E13306 apnoea AE UMLS CUI: C0003578 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apnea MP: MP_0001957 an abnormal respiration AE which has an outcome of apnea, temporary cessation of breathing; sometimes episodic gustatory system AE MP: MP_0001985 YH, JX an adverse event that occurs in a gustatory system blindness AE 10005169 SIDER: C0456909 HPO: HP_0000618 MP: MP_0002001 an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of blindness, which is loss of the sense of sight abnormal vision AE MP: MP_0002090 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of abnormal vision, which is an inability or decreased ability to see seizure AE 10039906 10039910 CTCAE: E12804 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/seizures 突然发作 YH, JX, YH MP: MP_0002064 NCIt: C2962 a behavior and neurological AE that shows a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain. behavioral and neurological AE WEB: http://www.psychguides.com/guides/behavioral-disorder-symptoms-causes-and-effects/ YH, JX behavior AE disruptive behavioral disorder AE MP: MP_0004924 an adverse event that has an outcome of an abnormal behavior and neurological phenotype. any anomaly in the actions, reactions, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli compared to controls behavioral AE behavioral disorder AE movement disorder AE 10028035 HPO: HP_0100022 SIDER: C0026650 MP: MP_0002066 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of altered ability to coordinate voluntary movement or repetitive, compulsive movements sensory capability AE MP: MP_0002067 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of inability or altered ability to respond to a sensory stimulus glucose homeostasis AE MP: MP_0002078 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of glucose homeostasis, which is an anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of glucose in the fluids and tissues hypersensitivity AE 10020751 Hypersensitivity AE is a immune system AE that is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. These reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. JX, LW, YH MP: MP_0002148 HPO: HP_0100326 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity hypersensitivity reaction AE 超敏反应 SIDER: C0020517 hematopoietic system AE MP: MP_0002396 an adverse event which occurs in a hematopoietic system, which is any structural or developmental anomaly of the blood cells or the organs associated with the development and formation of blood cells increased heart rate AE 10019303 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia tachycardia MP: MP_0002626 an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of greater than average resting heart beats per minute, usually measured by the number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time, usually per minute joint inflammation AE An joint disorder AE that has an outcome of joint inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the joints MP: MP_0002933 YH increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level AE MP: MP_0002968 an abnormal enzyme level AE which has an outcome of increased circulating alkaline phophatase level, which is an elevated activity of this enzyme, which hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters, found in the blood arthritis AE 10003246 A joint inflammation AE that has an outcome of arthritis, marked by changes in the synovial membranes and thickening of articular structures, widespread degeneration of the collagen fibers in connective tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures SIDER: C0003864 CTCAE:E12378 HPO: HP_0001369 MP: MP_0002993 NCIt:C2883 YH, MW 关节炎 platelet count decreased AE 10035528 HPO: HP_0001873 MP: MP_0003179 NCIt: C3408 CTCAE: E12207 SS, YH SIDER: C0392386 a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of decreased platelet count, which is fewer than the normal numbers of the non-nucleated cells found in the blood and involved in blood coagulation decreased platelet cell number AE nausea AE 10028813 CTCAE: E10878 NCIt: C3258 HPO: HP_0002018 SIDER: C0027497 MP: MP_0003259; MDR: 10028813 an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of nausea, a gastric discomfort associated with the inclination to vomit vomiting AE 10047700 CTCAE: E11068 NCIt: C3442 MP: MP_0003260; MDR: 10047700 regurgitation AE SIDER: C0042963 HPO: HP_0002013 an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of vomiting, the retrograde expulsion of gastric contents through the oral cavity constipation AE 10010774 HPO: HP_0002019 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'constipation'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 242 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SIDER: C0009806 NCIt: C37930 CTCAE: E10562 MP: MP_0003267 an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of constipation, which is incomplete, infrequent or difficult evacuation of fecal matter infrequent bowel movements AE abnormal defecation AE MP: MP_0003866 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of abnormal defecation, an anomaly in the production and excretion of feces tinnitus AE 10043882 CTCAE: E10287 NCIt: C50772 HPO: HP_0000360 MP: MP_0003741 SIDER: C0040264 an hearing disorder AE that shows a persistent sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, or other noises in the ear stomatitis AE 10042128 MP: MP_0003746 SIDER: C0038362 HPO: HP_0010280 This is a type of inflammation. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stomatitis a digestive system AE which has an outcome of stomatitis, which is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth mouth mucosal ulceration AE MP: MP_0003747 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'mouth ulceration' was mentioned in 246 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a digestive system AE which has an outcome of mouth mucosal ulceration, which is lesions through the mucous membrane of the mouth, usually associated with loss of tissue abnormal muscle tone AE MP: MP_0004142 YH a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of abnormal muscle tone, which is an anomaly in the resting tautness or laxity of a muscle, normally somewhere in the middle of the range between total contraction and total relaxation hypertonia AE 10020852 SIDER: C0026826 HPO: HP_0001276 MP: MP_0004143 YH an abnormal muscle tone AE which has an outcome of hypertonia, which is increased muscle tension resulting in stiffness of the muscles in the resting state diarrhea AE 10012735 NCIt: C2987 MP: MP_0005036 diarrhoea AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diarrhea CTCAE: E10572 an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of diarrhea, which is abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or fluid fecal matter from the bowel hypoxia AE 10021143 YH, MW MP: MP_0005039 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoxia SIDER: C0242184 CTCAE:E13388 NCIt:C3890 HPO: HP_0002795 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of hypoxia, which is a reduced concentration of O2 in the blood, alveoli or other tissues resulting in the decreased pressure of this component of body gases sepsis AE 10040047 HPO: HP_0002718 CTCAE: E11560 SIDER: C0243026 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sepsis' was mentioned in 416 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0005044 SS NCIt: C3364 an infectious adverse event which has an outcome of the presence of various pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues that results in the infections in blood stream. hematuria AE 10018867 10018870 10019450 MP: MP_0005161 YH, SJ, MW WEB: http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/hematuria/ NCIt: C3090 a urinary system AE that results in the presence of blood in the urine blood urine blood urine presence haematuria AE UMLS CUI: C0018965 (hematuria AND haematuria); UMLS CUI: C0947999 (blood urine presence) CTCAE: E13000 Hematuria AE can be caused by menstruation, vigorous exercise, sexual activity, viral illness, trauma, or infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), along with more serious disorders such as cancer, disease, and clotting. abnormal enzyme level AE MP: MP_0005319 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal enzyme level, which is an altered level of any enzyme or their cofactors, that act as catalysts to induce chemical changes in other substances decreased heart rate AE 10019301 an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of fewer than average resting heart beats per minute, usually measured by the number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time, usually per minute YH, JX heart rate decreased AE MP: MP_0005333 urinary system AE MP: MP_0005502 YH an adverse event that has an outcome of urinary system AE is a functional anomaly of any of the organs involved in the production or excretion of urine abnormal body temperature AE MP: MP_0005535 a homeostasis AE whic has an outcome of abnomal body temperature, which is a deviation in the level of heat natural to a living being neuritis AE 10029240 MP: MP_0006082 a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of neuritis, the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain and/or spinal cord investigation result abnormal AE 10061253 EB, SS, YH This term is used to replace 'lab test abnormal AE'. The reason for this is that some test, like X-ray test, is not considered by many physicians as a lab test. Therefore, we have used this new term to cover a broader scope. All terms asserted under this term represent the investigation results without defined conclusion of disease. laboratory test abnormal an adverse event that is indicated by an abnormal result of an investigation that uses some laboratory equipment, device, or medical technology. musculoskeletal pain AE 10028391 Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects the muscles, ligaments and tendons, along with the bones. HPO: HP_0003326 SIDER: C0026858 SS, YH WEB: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/musculoskeletal-pain a pain AE that has an outcome of musculoskeletal pain injection-site erythema AE 10022061 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/erythema injection-site erythema AE is an erythema AE that results in redness of skin, caused by hyperermia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin at the physical area of injection erythema AE 10015150 reddish skin SIDER: C0041834 Erythema AE is a skin adverse event that showns redness of the skin caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. MP:0001190 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema HPO: HP_0010783 SS, YH pneumonia AE 10035664 HPO: HP_0002090 SS, YH an inflammation AE that occurs in the lung. It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (that is, the alveoli) and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation). WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia SIDER: C0032285 hematoma AE 10006504 10018852 10019428 SS, YH bruising AE an cardiovascular adverse event that is a collection of blood outside the blood vessels, generally the result of hemorrhage, or more specifically, internal bleeding. It is commonly called a bruise. SIDER: C0018944 YH: MedDRA ID: 10018852 is for "haematoma"; MedDRA ID: 10019428 is for "hematoma". WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematoma HPO: HP_0001892 CTCAE: E13775 (hematoma); CTCAE: E11666 (brruising) ecchymoses AE NCIt: C37921 (Bruising); NCIt: C50579 (Hematoma) bruise AE haematoma AE reproductive system AE YH, SS reproductive system AE is an AE that occurs in the reproductive system. arrhythmia AE 10003119 abnormal heartbeat AE HPO: HP_0011675 SS, YH WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/arr/ SIDER: C0003811 cardiac arrhythmia AE a cardiac disorder AE which has an outcome of abnormal heart rhythm MP: MP_0004085 periorbital edema AE periorbial edema AE is an edema AE that has an outcome of swelling around the eye. NCIt: C78530 Periorbital puffiness, also known as "puffy eyes" or swelling around the eyes, refers to the appearance of swelling in the tissues around the eyes, called the orbits. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periorbital_puffiness CTCAE: E13676 UMLS CUI: C0151205 periorbital oedema AE SS, YH MedDRA: 10034545 is for "periorbital edema"; MedDRA: 10054541 is for "periorbital oedema" periorbital puffiness sensation of foreign body AE 10061549 SS, YH a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation feeling of foreign body sensation of heaviness AE a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation feeling of heaviness feeling heavy AE SS, YH skin ulceration AE 10040943 10040947 SIDER: C0037299 skin ulcer AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer_%28dermatology%29 HPO: HP_0200042 NCIt: C54247 CTCAE: E13730 a skin AE that shows a result of skin ulcer, i.e., a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. SS, YH, MW vasodilatation AE a cardiovascular disorder AE which has an outcome of vasodilatation, which refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation SS, YH HPO: HP_0004927 SIDER: C0595862 blood alkaline phosphatase level abnormal AE 10059571 DJ, SS, YH, EB a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE 10001675 10059570 CTCAE: E12082 HPO: HP_0003155 SIDER: C0852911 a blood alkaline phosphatase abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups. a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of ALP, an isoenzyme that removes phosphate groups commonly found in the bile ducts but also found in the bone DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C35607 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/alkaline+phosphatase blood bilirubin level abnormal AE 10058477 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal amount of bilirubin in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilirubin blood bilirubin level increased AE 10005364 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilirubin a blood bilirubin level abnormal AE with an outcome of a increased amount of bilirubin, or a yellow breakdown product (broken down hemoglobin) of normal heme catabolism, in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB CTCAE: E12096 NCIt: C27088 blood magnesium decreased 10005654 HPO: HP_0002917 WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4243 A physical quality that has an decreased level of magnesium, a mineral involved in nerve signaling and bone health. Deficiency can cause spasms, and muscular cramps. SIDER: C0853750 DJ, SS, YH blood potassium decreased 10005724 HPO: HP_0002900 DJ, SS, YH, LW, MW 血钾下降 a physical quality where the blood potassium level is decreased. bone marrow depression AE 10005986 10048580 SIDER: C0151773 HPO: HP_0012145 WEB: http://www.drugs.com/condition/bone-marrow-depression-low-blood-counts.html WEB: http://en.diagnosispro.com/differential_diagnosis-for/bx-bone-marrow-biopsy-hypocellular/29777-154.html DJ, SS, YH, MW hypocellular bone marrow UMLS: C0151773 Bone marrow produces three types of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Bone marrow depression is characterized by an inability or reduced ability of the bone marrow to produce these cells. A low blood count can involve just one or all three types of blood cells. NCIt: C35167 bone marrrow hypocellular CTCAE: E10022 a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce normal amounts of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets bone marrow disorder AE 10061729 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of disease in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside of some bones that contain stem cells that can develop into red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html DJ, SS, YH brain edema AE 10048962 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002181 an edema AE that has an outcome of edema or swelling of the extravascular compartment from uptake of water in the gray and white matter brain oedema AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+edema SIDER: C1527311 breast pain AE 10006298 HPO: HP_0000769 NCIt:C78223 SIDER: C0024902 a pain AE that results in pain in the breast CTCAE:E13073 DJ, SS, YH, MW breast tenderness AE 10006313 HPO: HP_0100749 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979747 DJ, SS, YH a reproductive system AE that has an outcome of pain or discomfort in the breast, may be caused by small benign tumors SIDER: C0262397 burning sensation AE 10006784 DJ, SS, YH a sensory capability AE that results in a feeling of burning cardiac failure AE 10007554 10019279 DJ, SS, YH heart failure NCIt: C50577 a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in the inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+failure SIDER: C0018801 HPO: HP_0001635 CTCAE: E10124 cardiac failure congestive AE 10007559 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/congestive+heart+failure Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676684 congestive heart failure DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001635 SIDER: C0018802 a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in an inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body cardiomyopathy AE 10007636 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy DJ, SS, YH a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of deterioration of the function of the myocardium, usually leads to heart failure SIDER: C0878544 HPO: HP_0001638 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiomyopathy cataract AE 10007739 SIDER: C0086543 HPO: HP_0000518 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cataract DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C26713 CTCAE: E10350 a eye disorder AE that results in cloudiness that develops in the eye chest discomfort AE 10008469 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chest+pain DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0235710 a discomfort AE that has an outcome of pain in the chest HPO: HP_0001681 colitis AE 10009887 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002112/ SIDER: C0009319 an inflammation AE that occurs at the large intestine NCIt: C26723 HPO: HP_0002583 CTCAE: E10521 connective tissue disorder AE 10061087 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0003549 an adverse event that has an outcome of disease in the biological tissue that supports, binds together and protects organs SIDER: C0009782 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/connective+tissue+disease coordination abnormal AE 10010947 SIDER: C0520966 HPO: HP_0011443 a behavior and neurological AE that results in a loss of coordination DJ, SS, YH viral cardiomyopathy AE cytomegalovirus infection AE 10011831 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0010823 HPO: HP_0004429 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cytomegalovirusinfections.html a viral infection AE that is caused by cytomegalovirus drug clearance decreased AE 10049463 DJ, SS, YH an adverse event that has an outcome of a decreased amount of the drug excreted by the body WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+clearance drug dependence AE 10013663 DJ, SS, YH an adverse drug event that results in the development of a dependence on the drug SIDER: C1510472 HPO: HP_0000722 drug eruption AE 10013687 a skin AE that has an outcome of a range of adverse drugs reactions of the skin, most commonly rashes resembling measles WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+eruption DJ, SS, YH drug intolerance AE 10061822 a drug AE that has an outcome of lower threshold to the normal pharmacologic action of a drug DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+intolerance drug withdrawal syndrome AE 10013754 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/withdrawal an adverse event that results in symptoms that occur after the discontinuation of the use of a certain drug DJ, SS, YH dry skin AE 10013786 DJ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C74592 a skin AE that is characterized by epidermis that lacks moisture, has an outcome of fine lines, scaling and itching CTCAE:E13623 HPO: HP_0000958 SIDER: C0151908 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+skin duodenal ulcer AE 10013836 HPO: HP_0002588 a duodenum AE that has an outcome of a peptic ulcer, or a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, located in the duodenum SIDER: C0013295 CTCAE: E10611 DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C26755 peptic ulcer AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001255/ dysphonia AE 10013952 a speech disorder AE that results in disorders of voice DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C1527344 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysphonia HPO: HP_0001618 dysuria AE 10013990 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysuria 排尿困难 urination disorders AE SIDER: C0013428 HPO: HP_0100518 Dysuria AE is an urinary system AE that results in painful urination JX, DJ, SS, YH eosinophilia AE 10014950 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/eosinophilia/MY00399 DJ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of higher than normal levels of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell HPO: HP_0001880 SIDER: C0014457 erectile dysfunction AE 10061461 astyphia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction SIDER: C0242350 CTCAE:E13088 DJ, SS, JX, LW, YH, MW a male reproductive system AE that results in the inability to develop/maintain an erection of penis impotence AE 阳痿/勃起功能障碍 NCIt:C3133 HPO: HP_0008652 fall AE 10016173 NCIt: C50558 HPO: HP_0002359 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of patient falling CTCAE: E11687 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0085639 febrile neutropenia AE 10016288 CTCAE: E10033 a neutropenia AE, generally a complication of chemotherapy, that has an outcome of an abnormally low neutrophil granulocyte count, accompanied by fever NCIt: C35665 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23303687 neutropenic sepsis AE SIDER: C0746883 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001875 folliculitis AE 10016936 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001826/ a skin AE with the outcome disease involving of one more more hair follicles, commonly displays rash, itching and pustules near the hair follicles forced expiratory volume decreased AE 10016987 CTCAE: E12156 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/forced+expiratory+volume DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C50524 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of a decreased volume of air expired from the lungs fracture AE 10017076 DJ, SS, YH CTCAE: E11703 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force NCIt: C3046 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Fractures bupropion-induced adverse event YH an adverse event induced by administration of a bupropion drug gastrointestinal toxicity AE 10059024 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of poison affecting the stomach and/or intestinal tracts, often accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting WEB: http://www.theodora.com/drugs/valcyte_tablets_roche_laboratories.html HPO: HP_0011024 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C1142499 granulocytopenia AE 10018687 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a marked decrease in number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell filled with microscopic granules that are little sacs containing enzymes that digest microorganisms WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8817 DJ, SS, YH hematotoxicity AE 10061188 haematotoxicity AE DJ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of toxins that destroy red blood cells, disrupt blood clotting, and/or cause organ degeneration and generalized tissue damage hair growth abnormal AE 10019044 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hair+growth a hair AE that has an outcome of abnormal growth of facial or body hair HPO: HP_0010720 SIDER: C0232409 DJ, SS, YH hyperkalemia AE 10020646 10020647 CTCAE: E12282 a blood potassium abnormal AE that has a lab test outcome of an abnormally increased concentration of potassium in blood HPO: HP_0002153 SIDER: C0020461 hyperkalaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperkalemia NCIt: C37968 YH, MW toxin-induced cardiomyopathy AE hypertriglyceridemia AE 10020869 10020870 SIDER: C0020557 HPO: HP_0002155 DJ, SS, YH, MW CTCAE: E12299 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of high blood levels of triglycerides, abundant fatty molecules WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypertriglyceridemia NCIt: C37971 hypertriglyceridaemia AE hyperuricemia AE 10020903 10020907 NCIt: C3961 HPO: HP_0002149 gout AE CTCAE: E12305 DJ, SS, YH, MW an arthritis AE that has an outcome of uric acid building up in blood and causes joint inflammation SIDER: C0740394 hyperuricaemia AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001459/ hypoglycemia AE 10020993 10021005 SIDER: C0020615 hypoglycaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoglycemia CTCAE: E12322 a glucose homeostasis AE that results in a abnormally diminished content of glucose in the blood DJ, SS, YH, MW HPO: HP_0005969 NCIt: C3126 hypomagnesemia AE 10021027 10021028 HPO: HP_0002917 YH, MW UMLS CUI: C0151723 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hypomagnesaemia NCIt: C37975 SIDER: C0151723 hypomagnesaemia AE a blood magnesium abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal concentration of magnesium in the blood plasma, and may cause nausea, weakness and tremors. CTCAE: E12333 hypophosphatemia AE 10021058 10021059 NCIt: C37977 DJ, SS, YH, MW a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of abnormally low phosphate levels, can present with muscle dysfunction, white cell dysfunction, pulp chambers and mental status changes hypophosphataemia AE HPO: HP_0008285 UMLS CUI: C0085682 CTCAE: E12344 SIDER: C0085682 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypophosphatemia hypothyroidism AE 10021114 HPO: HP_0008245 SIDER: C0020676 an endocrine system AE with the outcome of the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001393/ NCIt: C26800 CTCAE: E10334 immunosuppressant drug level decreased AE 10062014 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Immunosuppresant a drug adverse event that has an outcome of decreased levels of immunosuppressant drugs in the patient's body DJ, SS, YH impaired healing AE 10021519 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wound+healing SIDER: C0151692 an injury AE that has an outcome of impairment to the process of restoring a state of soundness to any interupption in the continuity of external surfaces of the body DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001058 implant site pain AE 10063782 DJ, SS, YH a pain AE that has an outcome of pain at the site of an implant intentional drug misuse AE 10065679 SZ, DJ, SS, YH an adverse drug event that results in the intentional use of a drug in the wrong way (recreationally etc) irritability AE 10022998 SZ, DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000737 Behavior and Neurological AE that results in the patient being easily annoyed/irritated feverish (subjective) AE SIDER: C0022107 NCIt: C50623 CTCAE: E11144 leukopenia AE 10024384 SIDER: C0023530 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a lower than normal number of leukocytes, or nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2154209/ HPO: HP_0001882 libido disorder AE 10061221 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695750/ SZ, DJ, SS, YH a psychiatric disorder AE that results in a disorder in the patient's desire for sexual interaction liver AE 10024670 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/liverdiseases.html Liver/biliary system AE that results in the disease of the liver SIDER: C0023895 SZ, DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0006706 liver disorder lower respiratory tract infection AE 10024968 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/ an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in the lower respiratory tract, includes pneumonea as well as lung abscess and acute bronchitis HPO: HP_0002783 SIDER: C0149725 SZ, DJ, SS, YH lymphopenia AE 10025327 SZ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the blood WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphopenia SIDER: C0024312 HPO: HP_0001888 coronary artery disorder AE 10011078 10011082 YH, SS an arterial disorder AE that resuts in arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronaryarterydisease.html coronary artery disese AE memory impairment AE 10027175 SIDER: C0233794 SZ, SS, YH, MW Behavior and Neurological AE that results in the loss of memory WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/impaired+memory NCIt:C78444 CTCAE:E12718 HPO: HP_0002354 meningitis aseptic AE 10027201 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aseptic+meningitis HPO: HP_0001287 SIDER: C0025290 a brain inflammation AE that results in the layers lining the brain becoming inflamed, not due to pygonenic bacteria menorrhagia AE 10027313 CTCAE:E13132 SIDER: C0025323 NCIt:C26829 HPO: HP_0000132 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0014910/ Female Reproductive System AE that results in abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period SZ, SS, YH, MW metrorrhagia AE 10027514 HPO: HP_0100608 Urinary System AE that is characterized by uterine bleeding at irregular intervals SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0025874 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/metrorrhagia mouth ulceration AE 10028034 HPO: HP_0000155 canker sore AE SIDER: C0149745 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of sores or open lesions in the mouth WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001448.htm aphthous stomatitis AE SZ, SS, YH muscle cramp AE 10028294 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/musclecramps.html a muscle contraction AE that has an outcome of painful sensations, associated with muscle fatigue and low sodium/potassium muscle enzyme level increased AE 10057945 a muscle enzyme level abnormal AE that results in an increased level of muscle enzyme SZ, SS, YH nail disorder AE 10028694 WEB: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/nail-disorders-000116.htm SIDER: C0027339 HPO: HP_0001597 SZ, SS, YH a bone disorder AE, most commonly fungal infection, that is characterized by discoloration, painful swelling, pits, lesions and brown bands neutropenia AE 10029354 a neutropenia AE that compromises the immune system where the number of neutrophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, is abnormally low. A neutropenia makes body vulnerable to bacterial and fungal infections. HPO: HP_0001875 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neutropenia SIDER: C0027947 onycholysis AE 10030337 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16422468 SIDER: C0085661 a nail disorder AE that results in the nail separating from the nail bed starting at distal or lateral attachment HPO: HP_0008400 oral candidiasis AE 10030963 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/thrush/article.htm thrush AE SIDER: C0006849 HPO: HP_0009098 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a fungal infection located in the mouth caused by the candida fungus palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE CTCAE: E13672 YH: MedDRA: 10033553 is for "palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome"; MedDRA: 10054524 is for "palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome". Hand Food Syndrome AE WEB: http://news.cancerconnect.com/hand-foot-syndrome-palmar-plantar-erythrodysesthesia/ NCIt: C27177 SZ, SS, YH, MW palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome AE a skin AE generally caused by chemotherapy that is characterized by the palms and soles becoming red, swollen, numb and the skin peeling. UMLS CUI: C0549410 pancytopenia AE 10033661 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pancytopenia SIDER: C0030312 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001876 Hematopoietic System AE that results in a reduction in the amount of red and white blood cells and platelets in blood pericardial effusion AE 10034474 CTCAE: E10172 HPO: HP_0001698 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110902/ NCIt: C3319 SIDER: C0031039 a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity SZ, SS, YH petechiae AE 10034754 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of tiny pinpoint red dots that form due to broken blood vessels under the skin SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000967 MP: MP_0008816 SIDER: C0031256 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm photosensitivity reaction AE 10034966 10034972 a skin AE that shows a cutaneous disease as a result of sun allergy and may be induced by different triggers such as a chemical. WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049648-overview NCIt: C38004 photosensitivity AE SIDER: C0162830 SZ, SS, YH, MW CTCAE: E13680 MedDRA: 10034972 and UMLS CUI: C0162830 are for "photosensitivity reaction"; MedDRA: 10034966 and UMLS CUI: C0349506 are for "photosensitivity". UMLS CUI: C0349506; UMLS CUI: C0162830 HPO: HP_0000992 WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/sunlight-and-skin-damage/photosensitivity-reactions atrioventricular block AE 10003671 HPO: HP_0001678 WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10751 heart block AV block SIDER: C0004245 SS a conduction system disorder AE that refers to partial or complete block of electrical impulses originating in the atrium or sinus node, preventing them from reaching the AV node and ventricles prinzmetal angina AE 10036759 coronary vessel spasm AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prinzmetal+angina Prinzmetal's angina AE SIDER: C0002963 HPO: HP_0001681 SZ, SS, YH a coronary artery disorder AE that results in cardiac pain at rest that occurs in cycles prothrombin level decreased AE 10037050 SZ, SS, YH, EB a prothrombin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decrease in level of prothrombin in body WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prothrombin rales AE 10037833 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crackles a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of clicking, rattling or crackling noises made by one or both lungs during inhalation Crackles red blood cell count decreased AE 10038153 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003644.htm SIDER: C0427457 SZ, SS, YH, EB a red blood cell count abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in red blood cells HPO: HP_0001903 renal failure AE 10038435 renal insufficiency AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/renal+failure SIDER: C0035078 HPO: HP_0000083 a kidney disorder AE that results in kidneys failing to adequately filter toxins and waste from the blood kidney failure AE SZ, SS, YH skin hyperpigmentation AE 10040865 a skin AE that has an outcome of darkening in an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperpigmentation HPO: HP_0010284 SIDER: C0162834 CTCAE:E13718 SZ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C79731 skin infection AE 10040872 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/skin+infection HPO: HP_0001581 NCIt: C35025 CTCAE: E11568 a skin AE that has an outcome of infection. Can be bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0037278 skin reaction AE 10040914 a skin AE that has an outcome of exposure of skin to nonspecific irritants or from the action of specific allergens SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Skin+Reactions sleep disorder AE 10040984 a behavior and neurological AE that results in irregular sleep patterns SIDER: C0851578 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sleep+disorder HPO: HP_0002360 splenomegaly AE 10041660 SIDER: C0038002 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003276.htm an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of a larger-than-normal spleen, affects blood filtration HPO: HP_0001744 supraventricular tachycardia AE 10042604 SIDER: C0039240 NCIt: C35061 a tachycardia AE that has an outcome of rapid heart rhythm originating at or above the atrioventricular node HPO: HP_0004765 CTCAE: E10218 WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001235/ Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233691 SZ, SS, YH thrombocytopenia AE 10043554 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of decrease in platelets in the blood SIDER: C0040034 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000586.htm HPO: HP_0001873 SZ, SS, YH vision blurred AE 10005886 10047513 an abnormal vision AE that results in unclear vision blurred vision AE WEB: Primary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003029.htm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23111613 HPO: HP_0000622 SIDER: C0344232 CTCAE: E10346 NCIt: C27123 SZ, SS, YH weight increased AE 10047896 10047899 CTCAE: E12224 SZ, SS, YH NCIt: C62754 a physical examination result abnormal AE that shows an increase (gain) in weight of a patient SIDER: C0043094 weight gain AE HPO: HP_0004324 osteoporosis AE 10031282 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/osteoporosis/DS00128 NCIt:C3298 A bone disorder AE that has an outcome of the weakening or brittle bone CTCAE:E12508 SIDER: C0029456 HPO: HP_0000939 YH, SS, MW joint pain AE YH a pain AE that occurs at a joint nasal discomfort AE YH nasal discomfort AE is a respiratory system AE that shows a discomfort from the nose HPO: HP_0010640 SIDER: C0858259 electrolyte lab test abnormal AE 10047843 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal electrolyte value blood phosphorus abnormal AE 10054823 EB an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal blood phosphorus level blood potassium abnormal AE 10005722 HPO: HP_0011042 SIDER: C0853759 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of potassium in the blood EB blood potassium increased 10005725 HPO: HP_0002513 SIDER: C0853760 hyperkalemia AE a physical quality where the blood potassium level is increased. EB, YH, MW blood magnesium abnormal AE 10005652 EB an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of magnesium in the blood lipid analysis result abnormal AE 10024580 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of a lipid analyses blood cholesterol abnormal AE 10005423 EB a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal blood cholesterol level physical examination result abnormal AE 10062078 10071940 EB an investigation result abnormal AE resulting from an abnormal physical examination finding enzyme investigation result abnormal AE 10014938 an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of an enzyme investigation EB hematology investigation result abnormal AE 10018851 haematology investigation abnormal AE an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of a hematology investigation MedDRA: 10057755 EB red blood cell profile abnormal AE 20000029 EB a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal red blood cell profile muscle enzyme level abnormal AE EB an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal muscle enzyme level liver related investigation result abnormal AE 20000008 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal liver related investigation result aspartate aminotransferase level abnormal AE 10003477 EB a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal aspartate aminotransferase level prothrombin level abnormal AE 10037048 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal prothrombin level EB red blood cell count abnormal AE 10038151 EB a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal red blood cell count platelet count abnormal AE 10035526 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal platelet count EB HPO: HP_0011873 SIDER: C0580317 cardiac embolism AE SS heart embolism AE an embolism disorder AE that is a result of an obstruction in a cardiac vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matters WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Heart+embolism embolism AE 10014523 SIDER: C0013922 HPO: HP_0001907 SS WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/embolism a vascular disorder AE that is characterized by an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream. 栓塞 severity of adverse event AE severity YH, SS a process quality that represents the level of severity of an adverse event. psychiatric disorder AE 10037175 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a mental illness or psychiatiric disorder. The mental illness is a mental or behavioral pattern or anomaly that causes either suffering or an impaired ability to function in ordinary life (disability), and which is not developmentally or socially normative. YH, Izabela Birsanescu mental disorder AE AE severity G1 AE severity Grade 1 CTCAE4: E10005 (Grade 1 Adverse Event) YH, SS a severity of AE that shows asymptomatic, or involves mild or minor symptoms, or is of marginal clinical relevance, or consists of clinical or diagnostic observations alone, or where intervention is not indicated, or where only non-prescription intervention is indicated. Note the AE severity Grade 1 equals to CTCAE G1 AE severity. Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_1_Adverse_Event AE severity G2 a severity of AE for which only minimal, local, or noninvasive intervention (e.g. packing, cautery) is indicated, or that limits instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs, e.g., shopping, laundry, transportation, or ability to conduct finances). Note the AE severity Grade 2 equals to CTCAE G2 AE severity. Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_2_Adverse_Event YH, SS CTCAE4: E10006 (Grade 2 Adverse Event) AE severity Grade 2 AE severity G3 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_3_Adverse_Event AE severity Grade 3 YH, SS CTCAE4: E10007 (Grade 3 Adverse Event) Note the AE severity Grade 3 equals to CTCAE G3 AE severity. a severity of AE that shows an outcome which is medically significant but not life-threatening; or for which inpatient care or prolongation of hospitalization are indicated; or that is an important medical event that does not result in hospitalization, but may jeopardize the patient or may require intervention either to prevent hospitalization, to prevent the AE from becoming life-threatening or causing death; or that is disabling; or that results in persistent or significant disability, incapacity, or limitation of self care activities of daily living (ADLs, getting in and out of bed, dressing, eating, getting around inside, bathing, or using the toilet). AE severity G4 AE severity Grade 4 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_4_Adverse_Event a severity of AE that has life-threatening consequences, for which urgent intervention is indicated, that puts the patient is at risk of death at the time of the event if immediate intervention is not undertaken, or that causes blindness or deafness (need to decide if unilateral or bilateral). Note the AE severity Grade 4 equals to CTCAE G4 AE severity. CTCAE4: E10008 (Grade 4 Adverse Event) YH, SS AE severity G5 Note the AE severity Grade 5 equals to CTCAE G5 AE severity. YH, SS AE severity Grade 5 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_5_Adverse_Event CTCAE4: E10009 (Grade 5 Adverse Event) a severity of AE that results in death. gastric disorder AE 10056819 stomach disorder AE a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows a problem with the stomach, ranging from indigestion and heartburn to peptic ulcers and GERD. RR, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/stomachdisorders.html numbness AE 10029829 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/numbness/basics/definition/sym-20050938 YH, JS a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of numbness, a loss of sensation of feeling in a part of the body. urgent urination AE 10046593 urinary urgency UMLS CUI: C0439609 NCIt: C50792 CTCAE: E13062 Urgent urination AE is a urinary system AE that has an outcome of a sudden, compelling urge to urinate, along with discomfort in the bladder. WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0085606/ WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htm JX, LW, YH 尿急 micturition urgency renal dysfunction AE hepatic and renal function disorder AE JX, LW, YH This term appears to be a synonym to the 'renal failure AE'. 肾功能障碍 Renal dysfunction AE is a kidney AE that has an outcome of reduced capacity to excrete metabolic products which accumulate systemically and are detectable clinicopathologically by renal function tests. The early stage of uremia. UMLS ID: C0859242 pelvic pain AE 10034263 骨盆痛 Pelvic pain AE is a pain AE that occurs in the lower abdomen area. The pain might be steady, or it might come and go. If the pain is severe, it might get in the way of people's daily activities. JX, LW, YH, MW CTCAE:E13167 NCIt:C40122 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pelvicpain.html heartburn AE 10019326 JX, LW, YH 胃灼热（烧心） Heartburn AE is a gastric disorder AE that also known as pyrosis, cardialgia, or acid indigestion. It's a burning sensation in the chest, just behind the breastbone or in the epigastrium, the upper central abdomen. The pain often rises in the chest and may radiate to the neck, throat, or angle of the jaw. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn nocturia AE 10029446 夜尿症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturia nycturia AE Nocturia AE is a urine abnormality AE that is defined by the International Continence Society as “the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding”. JX, LW, YH night sweat AE 10029409 夜汗 JX, LW, YH sleep hyperhidrosis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_sweats Night sweat is a sweating AE that is the occurrence of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis and focal hyperhidrosis) during sleep. The sufferer may or may not also suffer from excessive perspiration while awake. increased appetite AE 10021654 食欲增加 Increased appetite AE is a gustatory system AE that is when people want to eat much more often or in larger quantities than their body requires. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/increased-appetite loose stools AE 10024840 JX, LW, YH Loose stools AE is a abnormal stool AE that is usually a form of diarrhea and many conditions causing loose stool will be listed under diarrhea. It may also be related to watery stool (also within the spectrum of diarrhea). WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/loose_stool.htm 稀便 throat irritation AE 10043521 咽喉不适 throat discomfort AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throat_irritation Throat irritation AE is a discomfort AE that refers to a dry cough, a scratchy feeling at the back of the throat, or a sensation of a lumpy feeling or something stuck at the back of the throat. JX, LW, YH ventricular tachycardia AE 10047302 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia NCIt: C50802 CTCAE: E10239 Ventricular tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that is a type of tachycardia, or a rapid heart beat that arises from improper electrical activity of the heart presenting as a rapid heart rhythm, that starts in the bottom chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. JX, LW, YH 心室性心搏过速 akathisia AE 10001540 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akathisia acathisia AE CTCAE:E12581 静坐困难 NCIt:C78163 JX, LW, YH, MW Akathisia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and a compelling need to be in constant motion, as well as by actions such as rocking while standing or sitting, lifting the feet as if marching on the spot, and crossing and uncrossing the legs while sitting. People with akathisia are unable to sit or keep still, complain of restlessness, fidget, rock from foot to foot, and pace. gingival bleeding AE 10018276 bleeding on probing AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_on_probing Gingival bleeding AE is a hemorrhage AE that is a term used by dentists and dental hygienists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. Bleeding on probing, often abbreviated BOP, is a sign of inflammation and indicates some sort of destruction and erosion to the lining of the sulcus or the ulceration of sulcular epithelium. The blood comes from lamina propria after the ulceration of the lining. 牙龈出血 bleeding gums AE JX, LW, YH herpes simplex AE 10019948 单纯疱疹 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex herpes catarrhalis AE a herpes viral infection AE tha is caused by both Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). hypercholesteremia AE 10005425 10008661 10020604 JX, LW, YH cholesterol high AE hypercholesterolemia AE dyslipidemia WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症 Hypercholesteremia AE is a blood cholesterol abnormal AE that is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. gum hypertrophy AE 10018781 gingival enlargement AE gingival over-growth AE gingival hyperplasia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_enlargement hypertrophic gingivitis AE 牙龈增生 Gum hypertrophy AE is a digestive system AE that is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums). It is a common feature of gingival disease. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications. gingival hypertrophy AE JX, LW, YH extrapyramidal syndrome AE 10015836 JX, LW, YH extrapyramidal side effects AE 椎体外系综合征 Extrapyramidal syndrome AE is a nervous system AE that is drug induced movement disorders which include acute and tardive symptoms. vertebral body outside the beam syndrome AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms sodium retention AE 10041277 钠潴留 WEB: https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100823074826AAcg7WV JX, LW, YH an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that is when the kidneys hold on to more sodium and do not excrete it with the kidneys. This tends to expand the blood volume, which can elevate the blood pressure. nervousness AE 10029216 神经过敏 Nervousness AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows an uneasy psychological state which including anxiety, neurosis, neuroticism, and worry, etc. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervousness JX, LW, YH irritation AE 10029216 Irritation is a behavior and neurological AE that is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritation 刺激 JX, LW, YH limb discomfort AE 10061224 RR a discomfort AE that occurs at a limb orthostatic hypotension AE 10031127 orthostasis AE JX, LW, YH 直立性低血压 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostatic_hypotension postural hypotension AE Orthostatic hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that is a form of hypotension in which a person's blood pressure falls when suddenly standing up or stretching. In medical terms, it is defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg when a person assumes a standing position. anaphylaxis AE 10002218 CTCAE: E11254 过敏症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis an allergy AE that shows a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically causes a number of symptoms including an itchy rash, throat swelling, and low blood pressure. Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications. JX, LW, YH NCIt: C50460 angina AE 10002383 10008481 NCIt: C51221 DJ, SS, YH a chest pain that is caused when your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. chest pain - cardiac AE SIDER: C0002962 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016723 CTCAE: E10110 HPO: HP_0001681 tight chest AE hearing disorder AE 10019243 JX, LW, YH Hearing disorder AE is an ear disorder that shows impairment of the sense of hearing. 听觉障碍 muscle function disorder AE 肌肉功能失调 Muscle function disorder AE is a muscle AE that shows muscle function disorder. JX, LW, YH accidental injury AE 10000380 JX, LW, YH Accidental injury AE is an injury AE that shows accidedntal injury. 意外损伤 abnormal ejaculation AE 10000128 Abnormal ejaculation AE is a male reproductive system AE that shows abnormal ejaculation. JX, LW, YH 异常射精 gastrointestinal cramp AE 10049136 JX, LW, YH Gastrointestinal cramp AE is a muscle spasm AE that shows abnormal contractions of the gastrointestinal muscles. 肠胃痉挛 bitter taste of mouth AE Bitter taste of mouth AE is a digestive system AE that is not from a bitter substance is a distorted sense of taste. A persistent bad taste in the mouth, whether bitter, metallic or foul, is called dysgeusia. JX, LW, YH 口苦 WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/bitter-taste-in-mouth dreaminess AE Dreaminess AE is a sleep disorder AE that shows dreaminess in the sleeping. JX, LW, YH 多梦 lower extremity edema caused by blood vessels AE 因血管扩张引起的下肢水肿 JX, LW, YH Lower extremity edema caused by blood vessels AE is an edema AE that shows excess fluid accumalated in the leg dut to blood vessels. leg cramp AE JX, LW, YH Leg cramp AE is a muscle cramp AE that shows tightening, or spasms, of the muscles in the legs. 腿部痉挛 insomnia AE 10022437 a sleep disorder AE in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired. SIDER: C0917801 YH, MW HPO: HP_0002360 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia CTCAE: E12925 Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity. Insomnia is a symptom, not a stand-alone diagnosis or a disease. torsades de pointes AE 10044067 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsades_de_pointes 扭转性室速 Torsades de pointes AE is a ventricular tachycardia AE that is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that exhibits distinct characteristics on the electrocardiogram. anesthetic complication AE 10060938 SJ, YH WEB: https://www.dha.gov.ae/EN/Facilities/Hospitals/RashidHospital/SpecializedMedicalService/ClinicalServices/Anesthesiologyandinterventionalpain/pages/sideeffects.aspx an adverse drug event that results in unexpected and unwanted events due to anesthetic drug treatment pseudobulbar affect AE 10054196 YH, SJ emotional incontinence labile affect a crying abnormal AE that refers to a neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary crying or uncontrollable episodes of crying and/or laughing, or other emotional displays emotional lability WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobulbar_affect arachnoiditis AE 10003074 CTCAE:E12591 SJ, YH, MW NCIt:C37913 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnoiditis a brain disorder AE that causes inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes known as meninges that surround and protect the nerves of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. blood creatine increased AE 10005464 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in high blood creatine levels blood creatine increased AE may indicate that the kidneys are not fucntioning properly SJ, YH URL: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/creatinine/basics/definition/prc-20014534 pruritus genital AE 10037093 genital itching AE JX, LW WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/genital-itching Pruritus genital AE is a pruritus AE that also called genital itching, Itching in the genital region can result from irritation, allergy, inflammation, infection or cancer. Irritation can occur as a result of exposure to chemicals in soaps, feminine hygiene products, perfumes, lubricants, douches, and creams. menstrual disorder AE 10027327 Menstrual disorder AE is an abnormal condition in a woman's menstrual cycle. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_disorder JX, YH fluid retention AE 10016807 JX, YH WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/fluid-retention Fluid retention AE is an abnormal fluid regulation AE that is excess fluid that collects in the tissues in your body. Most commonly, fluid retention is marked by swelling of your feet and lower legs, but swelling could also occur in your arms, hands, face, or other areas of the body. cognitive disorder AE 10057668 a psychiatric disorder AE that is a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect learning, memory, perception, and problem solving, and include amnesia, dementia, and delirium. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder mucous membrane disorder AE 10028133 Mucous membrane disorder AE is a systematic AE that the diseases occur in mucous membrane, which is a lining of mostly endodermal origin. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane autoimmune disorder AE 10061664 NCIt: C2889 JX, YH CTCAE: E11258 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease Autoimmune disorder AE is an immune system AE that arises from an abnormal immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body (autoimmunity). menstruation irregular AE 10022992 10027339 Menstruation irregular AE is a endocrine system AE that is an abnormal variation in length of menstrual cycles in a female. NCIt: C35219 irregular menstruation AE JX, YH, MW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_menstruation CTCAE: E13125 osteitis AE 10031149 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001252.htm Osteitis fibrosa an inflammation AE that occurs in a bone. KM, YH palpitations AE 10033557 KM, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitations CTCAE: E10163 An arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of palpitations, an abnormality of heartbeat characterized by simultaneous awareness of one’s pulse and discomfort. NCIt: C37999 penis disorder AE 10034336 KM, YH A male reproductive system AE that has an disorder in a penis, including priapism, Peyronie's disease, balanitis, phimosis, paraphimosis, and penile cancer. WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/penis_disorders/article.htm skin atrophy AE 10040799 KM, YH, MW WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-skin-atrophy.htm NCIT: C35163 NCIt:C35163 CTCAE:E13714 atrophy of the skin A skin AE that results in the degeneration and thinning of the epidermis and dermis. skin hypopigmentation AE 10040868 CTCAE:E13721 NCIt:C78610 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopigmentation Vitiligo, albinism, and leukoderma are among the disorders that are associated with skin hypopigmentation. A skin discoloration AE that shows abnormal lightening of skin due to decreased melanin production or deposition. KM, YH, MW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopigmentation Hypopigmentation, Pigment Dilution optic neuropathy AE 10061323 RR, YH WEB: http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/optic-neuritis.htm a cranial neuropathy AE which shows an damage or abnormality to the nerves in the eyes. hypokalaemia AE 10021015 10021018 CTCAE: E12327 NCIt: C37974 hypopotassemia AE a blood potassium abnormal AE that has a lab test outcome of abnormally lower than normal amount of potassium in the blood hypopotassaemia AE hypokalemia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/low_potassium/article_em.htm YH, MW potassium depletion AE 血钾过少 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperkalemia blood phosphate abnormal AE 10054823 a blood phosphorus abnormal AE that shows an abnormal blood phosphate level EB blood glucose decreased 10005555 UMLS CUI: C0595883 EB, YH, MW A physical quality that has an decreased level of glucose in the blood blood glucose increased 10005557 EB, YH, MW UMLS CUI: C0595877 A physical quality that has an increased level of glucose in the blood cranial neuropathy AE 10061096 an neuropathy AE that occurs when any of the twelve cranial nerves (nerves that exit from the brain directly) are damaged. WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy MW, YH cognitive disturbance AE 10009845 CTCAE: E12617 MW, YH NCIt: C27101 a cognitive disorder AE that shows conspicuous changes in cognitive functions. local AE an adverse event that occurs locally in a certain location. This is different from the systematci adverse event that occurs throughout the systemtic circulation. YH, JX URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction injury or procedural complication AE injury and procedural complication AE an adverse event that shows a result of injury or procedural complication. JX, YH testicular disorder AE 10043306 a male reproductive system AE that has involvement of the testis. CTCAE: E13215 NCIt: C26890 MW, YH urinary frequency AE 10046539 MW, YH NCIt: C26906 CTCAE: E13039 an urinary system AE that has urination at short intervals. vaginal inflammation AE 10046916 a reproduction system inflammation AE that has inflammation involving the vagina. Symptoms may include redness, edema, marked discomfort and an increase in vaginal discharge. NCIt: C26911 MW, YH CTCAE: E13270 dysmenorrhea AE 10013934 a menstrual disorder AE that has abnormally painful abdominal cramps during menses. MW, YH NCIt: C34559 CTCAE: E13077 oligospermia AE 10030300 a male reproductive system AE that has a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in the semen. CTCAE: E13141 NCIt: C34860 MW, YH Hiccups AE 10020039 CTCAE: E13380 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has repeated gulp sounds that result from an involuntary opening and closing of the glottis. This is attributed to a spasm of the diaphragm. MW, YH NCIt: C37966 proteinuria AE 10037032 MW, YH CTCAE: E13008 an urine abnormality AE that has laboratory test results that indicate the presence of excessive protein in the urine. It is predominantly albumin, but also globulin. NCIt: C38012 vaginal discharge AE 10046901 CTCAE: E13251 NCIt: C50795 afemale reproductive system AE that has vaginal secretions. Mucus produced by the cervical glands is discharged from the vagina naturally, especially during the childbearing years. MW, YH ejaculation disorder AE 10014326 CTCAE: E13085 NCIt: C78264 MW, YH a male reproductive system AE that has problems related to ejaculation. This category includes premature, delayed, retrograde and painful ejaculation. generalized muscle weakness AE 10062572 CTCAE: E12418 NCIt: C78323 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of muscles in multiple anatomic sites. MW, YH growth suppression AE 10018761 a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that has stature that is smaller than normal as expected for age. NCIt: C78328 CTCAE: E12422 MW, YH libido decreased AE 10024419 CTCAE: E12929 a libido disorder AE that has a decrease in sexual desire. MW, YH NCIt: C78432 movements involuntary AE 10028041 MW, YH CTCAE: E12728 a movement disorder AE that has uncontrolled and purposeless movements. NCIt: C78453 muscle weakness lower limb AE 10065776 MW, YH CTCAE: E12459 NCIt: C78456 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the lower limb muscles. urine discoloration AE 10046628 MW, YH an urine abnormality AE that has a change in the color of the urine. CTCAE: E13065 NCIt: C78678 vaginal pain AE 10046937 MW, YH CTCAE: E13280 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the vagina. NCIt: C78701 hypertrichosis AE 10020864 MW, YH CTCAE: E13649 a hair growth abnormal AE that has hair density or length beyond the accepted limits of normal in a particular body region, for a particular age or race. NCIt: C79597 concentration impairment AE 10010250 NCIt: C80081 MW, YH a behavior and neurological AE that has a deterioration in the ability to concentrate. CTCAE: E12621 behavior abnormal quality YH, JX a behavioral quality where the behavior in an organism is abnormal. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormality_(behavior) cough increased AE 10011228 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cough a cough AE that shows an increased rate of coughing YH, JX herpes viral infection AE 10019972 YH, JX a viral infection AE that is caused by a herpes virus. Note that there are 8 herpesvirus types. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridae abnormal reflex AE 10038254 a nervous system AE that shows abnormal neurologic reflexes, which can be tesetd by the knee jerk reaction. JX, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20423 coordination and balance disorder AE 10072984 YH, QL coordination and balance disturbance AE a cross product of coordination abnormal AE and balance disorder AE gastrointestinal pain AE 10017999 MW, YH CTCAE: E10755 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the gastrointestinal region. NCIt: C78320 stomach pain AE 10042112 NCIt: C78630 CTCAE: E11044 MW, YH a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the stomach. CPK increased AE 10011268 MW, YH a muscle enzyme level increased AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an increase in levels of creatine phosphokinase in a blood specimen. CTCAE: E12132 NCIt: C78247 oliguria AE 10030302 SJ, YH WEB: http://c.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/oliguria a urinary system AE which shows reduced excretion of urine duodenum AE a digestive system AE that occurs at duodenum MW, YH visual disturbance AE 10047543 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/visual-disturbance an eye disorder AE that causes visual disturbance and interfere with normal sight. JX, YH eye edema AE 10052139 an edema AE that has an outcome of swelling in the eye. JX, YH micturition disorder AE 10027561 a urinary system AE that shows abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. JX, YH WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0042035/pt scotoma AE 10039729 暗点 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotoma a eye AE that is an area of partial alteration in the field of vision consisting of a partially diminished or entirely degenerated visual acuity that is surrounded by a field of normal – or relatively well-preserved – vision. JX, YH psychomotor retardation AE 10037213 motormental retardation AE psychomotor impairment AE JX, YH a behavioral and neurological AE that involves a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychomotor_retardation 精神运动性阻滞 testicular atrophy AE 10043298 睾丸萎缩 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_atrophy QL, YH a testicular disorder AE that has a loss of testicular volume skin erosion AE 10040840 QL, YH HP: HP_0200041 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis, a lesion that is moist, circumscribed, and usually depressed. female reproduction system inflammation AE YH, JX an inflammation AE which occurs in the female reproduction system abdominal distress AE 10000062 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distress_(medicine) NG, YH a behavioral and neurological AE that refers to any pain or discomfort in the abdomen. color blindness AE 10010016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness NG, YH A blindness AE that refers to the reduced ability to distinguish between colors that are obvious to the rest of the population dystonia AE 10013983 http://www.webmd.com/brain/dystonia-causes-types-symptoms-and-treatments#1 a behavioral and neurological AE that is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal posture and slow, repetitive movements NG, YH exciteness AE 10015627 a behavioral and neurological AE that is characterized by potentially impulsive or poorly controlled activity NG, YH lightheadedness AE 10024492 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightheadedness a dizziness AE that creates a feeling of a light head caused by a temporary decrease in blood to the brain NG, YH mood disorder AE 10027952 mood problem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder a psychiatric disorder AE that is characterized by an elevation or lowering of a person's mood NG, YH oligomenorrhea AE 10030294 a menstrual disorder AE that is characterized by infrequent menstrual periods NG, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligomenorrhea ototoxicity AE 10033109 an ear AE that refers to ear poisoning resulting from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ototoxicity NG, YH periarteritis AE 10034462 an inflammation AE that leads to swelling around the blood vessel wall http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/periarteritis NG, YH skin papilloma AE 10033722 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilloma NG, YH a tumor AE that is benign and characterized by a small wart-like growth on the skin tingling AE 10043876 a paresthesia AE characterized by unusual prickling sensations in any part of the body http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptom-checker/numbness-or-tingling-in-hands-adult/related-factors/itt-20009075 NG, YH graft rejection AE 10018650 BY, YH An immune system AE where a transplant recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000815.htm transplant rejection AE rigors AE 10039177 BY, YH http://patient.info/doctor/rigors An abnormal reflex AE characterized by episodes of shaking or exaggerated shivering which can occur with a high fever. planned process 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent Bjoern Peters Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy branch derived A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) planned process mechanism of action role A role that represents a mechanism of action. OH, SN bodily process Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:49Z pathological bodily process Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. creation date: 2009-06-23T11:54:29Z behavioral quality An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. PATO:0000186 PATO:0001722 behavioural quality quality physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0001018 PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property quality relational physical quality process quality A quality which inheres in an process. PATO:0001236 PATO:0001239 PATO:0001240 See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. quality quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. monadic quality of a continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant snap:Quality organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATO:0001995 quality nose BTO:0000840 CALOHA:TS-2037 EHDAA2:0001274 EHDAA:1502 EMAPA:16542 EV:0100037 EV:0100370 FMA:46472 GAID:77 MA:0000281 MAT:0000139 MESH:D009666 MIAA:0000139 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ that is the specialized structure of the face that contains olfactory neurons. The peripheral olfactory organ is paired[ZFA:0000047]. TAO:0000047 The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity. UBERON:0000004 UMLS:C0028429 ZFA:0000047 a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity)[Wikipedia:Nose]. galen:Nose nasal sac nasus nose olfactory apparatus peripheral olfactory organ proboInOwlscis the organ that is specialized for smell and is part of the respiratory system the structure of the nose varies across vertebrates. In tetrapods the nose is part of the respiratory system.[PMID:25312359] uberon islet of Langerhans A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) AAO:0010406 Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] BTO:0000991 CALOHA:TS-0741 EFO:0000856 EMAPA:32927 EV:0100130 FMA:16016 GAID:324 MA:0000127 MAT:0000076 MESH:D007515 MIAA:0000076 Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000006 UMLS:C0022131 VHOG:0000646 XAO:0000159 island of Langerhans island of pancreas islets of langerhans pancreatic insula pancreatic islet the clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas uberon peripheral nervous system (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. AAO:0000429 BAMS:PNS BILA:0000081 BTO:0001028 CALOHA:TS-0808 EFO:0000891 EHDAA2:0001445 EHDAA:2893 EMAPA:16665 EV:0100335 FBbt:00005098 FMA:9903 GAID:715 MA:0000218 MAT:0000338 MESH:D017933 MIAA:0000338 Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] PNS Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] TAO:0000142 The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) UBERON:0000010 UMLS:C0206417 UMLS:C1305921 VHOG:0000399 XAO:0000178 ZFA:0000142 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=247 lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus lateral part of the basolateral nucleus nucleus amygdalae basalis, pars lateralis nucleus amygdaloideus basalis, pars lateralis magnocellularis nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae pars peripherica pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum systema nervosum periphericum uberon zone of skin (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. EHDAA2:0001844 EHDAA:6530 EMAPA:17525 EV:0100152 FMA:86166 GAID:933 MA:0000151 MAT:0000284 MESH:D012867 MIAA:0000284 Note the distinction between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000014 VHOG:0000860 portion of skin region of skin skin skin region skin zone uberon we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive anatomical boundary A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. AEO:0000192 CARO:0000010 Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. FMA:50705 UBERON:0000015 uberon endocrine pancreas BTO:0000650 CALOHA:TS-1302 EFO:0002542 EMAPA:35305 EV:0100129 FMA:16018 In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] MA:0001582 TAO:0001260 The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] UBERON:0000016 VHOG:0000049 ZFA:0001260 create a separate class for distributed pancreas, eg cyclostomes? endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys endocrine pancreas endocrine part of pancreas islets of Langerhans part of pancreas pars endocrina pancreatis uberon exocrine pancreas AAO:0010407 BTO:0000434 CALOHA:TS-1241 EMAPA:35328 EV:0100093 FMA:16017 In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] MA:0002415 TAO:0001249 The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. UBERON:0000017 UMLS:C0553695 VHOG:0000048 XAO:0000137 ZFA:0001249 exocrine component of pancreas exocrine pancreas exocrine part of pancreas pars exocrina pancreatis uberon sense organ AEO:0000094 An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. BSA:0000121 BTO:0000202 CALOHA:TS-2043 EHDAA2:0001824 EHDAA:500 EMAPA:16192 EMAPA:35955 FBbt:00005155 GAID:63 HAO:0000930 MA:0000017 MESH:D012679 Sinnesorgan UBERON:0000020 UMLS:C0935626 VHOG:0001407 WBbt:0006929 organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensillum sensor sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ uberon tube Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. UBERON:0000025 anatomical tube duct galen:Tube not every anatomical conduit is a tube - for example, a bone foramen is an opening in the bone, and there is no distinct separate tube structure. Tubes may transport large mixed objects (for example, a bolus of food in the digestive tube) or they may transport the secretions of a single gland (for example, gland ducts) tubular uberon appendage AEO:0000193 An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018]. BILA:0000018 BTO:0001492 CARO:0010003 EFO:0000799 EHDAA2:0003193 EV:0100155 FBbt:00007000 HAO:0000144 MAT:0000023 MESH:D005121 MIAA:0000023 Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. OpenCyc:Mx4rvViC-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736]. UBERON:0000026 UMLS:C0598782 VSAO:0000075 XAO:0000218 appendages appendicular extremitaet extremity limbs/digits/tail this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers uberon head AAO:0010335 AEO:0000106 BILA:0000115 BTO:0000282 CALOHA:TS-0436 EFO:0000964 EHDAA2:0003106 EMAPA:31858 FBbt:00000004 FMA:7154 GAID:61 HAO:0000397 MA:0000023 MAT:0000294 MESH:D006257 MIAA:0000294 OpenCyc:Mx4rEOLm4rgPEdmAAAACs6hRjg OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] SPD:0000016 TAO:0001114 TGMA:0000002 The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. UBERON:0000033 UMLS:C0018670 VHOG:0001644 Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] WBbt:0005739 XAO:0003024 ZFA:0001114 adult head cephalic area galen:Head head (volume) uberon serous membrane A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] FMA:9581 GAID:19 MESH:D012704 TAO:0005425 UBERON:0000042 UMLS:C0036760 ZFA:0005425 a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. serosa tunica serosa uberon wall of serous sac tendon AEO:0000091 BTO:0001356 CALOHA:TS-1021 Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. EHDAA2:0003091 EMAPA:35854 EV:0100149 FMA:9721 GAID:276 MA:0000115 MESH:D013710 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000043 UMLS:C0039508 VHOG:0001286 VSAO:0000073 XAO:0000173 ZFA:0005647 galen:Tendon in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis sinew tendo uberon ganglion A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. A ganglion is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It may include glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by connectives or transversally by commissures AAO:0010426 AEO:0000135 BAMS:G BTO:0000497 CALOHA:TS-0397 Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] EFO:0000899 EHDAA2:0003135 EHDAA:2897 EHDAA:4662 EHDAA:5621 EHDAA:918 EMAPA:32846 EV:0100372 FBbt:00005137 FMA:5884 MA:0002406 MAT:0000207 MAT:0000343 MESH:D005724 MIAA:0000207 MIAA:0000343 Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO] Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_100302]. TAO:0000190 TGMA:0001016 TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. UBERON:0000045 UMLS:C0017067 VHOG:0000156 WBbt:0005189 XAO:0000209 ZFA:0000190 ganglia ganglionic neural ganglion uberon vessel A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. UBERON:0000055 uberon ureter AAO:0010254 Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO] BTO:0001409 CALOHA:TS-1084 EFO:0000930 EHDAA2:0002139 EHDAA:9341 EMAPA:17950 EV:0100097 FMA:9704 GAID:438 MA:0000378 MAT:0000120 MESH:D014513 MIAA:0000120 Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. OpenCyc:Mx4rvhmm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000056 UMLS:C0041951 VHOG:0000605 XAO:0000144 galen:Ureter in humans, consists of adventitial, muscular and mucoa layers metanephric duct uberon ureteral ureteric urethra BTO:0001426 CALOHA:TS-1132 EFO:0000931 EMAPA:30901 EV:0100099 FMA:19667 GAID:390 In human males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. MA:0000379 MAT:0000121 MESH:D014521 MIAA:0000121 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000057 UMLS:C0041967 VHOG:0001264 XAO:0000153 galen:Urethra the fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening uberon urethral duct A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. AAO:0011123 FBbt:00100314 FMA:30320 Most ducts, but not all, are exocrine gland ducts. Some ontologies classify structures such as the oviduct here. TAO:0005171 UBERON:0000058 UMLS:C0687028 XAO:0004000 ZFA:0005171 anatomical duct ducts exocrine duct exocrine gland duct galen:Duct uberon anatomical wall EMAPA:25036 FMA:82482 Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. UBERON:0000060 UBERON:0009915 galen:Wall in FMA, serosa is a wall organ wall uberon wall wall of organ anatomical structure AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FBbt:00007001 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 UBERON:0000061 VHOG:0001759 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 biological structure connected biological structure uberon organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. UBERON:0000062 UMLS:C0178784 WBbt:0003760 anatomical unit body organ element uberon organ subunit A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. FMA distinguishes segment from zone by whether the fiat boundaries are fixed/anchored (segments) or floating (zone). It's not completely clear how to apply this distinction FMA:86140 Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. UBERON:0000063 organ region with fixed fiat boundary organ segment segment of organ uberon organ part A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. AAO:0011124 EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 UBERON:0000064 cardinal organ part currently defined in a very broad sense, may be replaced by more specific classes in the future regional part of organ uberon respiratory tract Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts EHDAA2:0001606 EHDAA:1568 EHDAA:2219 EMAPA:16737 FMA:265130 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000065 VHOG:0000393 uberon fully formed stage BTO:0001043 BilaDO:0000004 EFO:0001272 FBdv:00005369 The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. UBERON:0000066 WBls:0000041 XtroDO:0000084 adult stage fully formed animal stage juvenile-adult stage uberon embryo stage part A stage that is part of the embryo stage. UBERON:0000067 embryonic stage part uberon embryo stage A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. BilaDO:0000002 EV:0300001 FBdv:00005289 FMA:72652 HsapDv:0000002 MmusDv:0000002 OGES:000000 OGES:000022 UBERON:0000068 WBls:0000003 WBls:0000092 WBls:0000102 XAO:1000012 embryogenesis embryonic stage uberon death stage End of the life of an organism. UBERON:0000071 XAO:0000437 XtroDO:0000085 death ncit:Death is an outcome uberon proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract An section of a respiratory tract. EMAPA:16737 FMA:45660 MA:0000434 MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole UBERON:0000072 respiratory tract subdivision of respiratory tract uberon regional part of nervous system 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. Melissa Haendel UBERON:0000073 UMLS:C1518256 part of nervous system uberon subdivision of skeletal system Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. FMA:85544 UBERON:0000075 UBERON:0010322 UMLS:C1519343 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure skeletal system part skeletal system subdivision uberon external ectoderm (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis EHDAA2:0001968 EHDAA:1494 EHDAA:350 EHDAA:4784 EHDAA:4790 EHDAA:4796 EHDAA:7860 EMAPA:16096 FMA:87656 The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. UBERON:0000076 UMLS:C1515087 merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube) surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm uberon mesonephros A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the middle region of the nephric ridge; a transient embryonic stage that replaces the pronephros, but is itself replaced by the adult metanephros [in mammals; in fishes and amphibians it is the adult kidney]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG] AAO:0010384 As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates. (...) In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001542 By contrast to the pronephros, the histological features of the mammalian mesonephros, with its primitive glomeruli, suggest that it probably functions as a primitive kidney, and is involved in the production of much of the amniotic fluid. Within the two mesonephroi, one located on either side of the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut, a substantial number (in the region of about 40 or more) of cranio-caudally segmented mesonephric tubules are formed. It has, however, been suggested that only the most rostrally located 4-6 pairs of mesonephric tubules drain into the mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. This is now seen to extend along the length of the mesonephroi, being located towards their lateral sides. The mesonephros is also retained over a considerably longer period than the pronephros, but gradually undergoes regression in a cranio-caudal direction. While the rostral part displays clear evidence of regression its more caudal part appears to display evidence of functional activity. Within the medial part of the mesonephros, vesicles are formed, although no glomeruli are formed there in this species. It is, however, difficult to believe that the relatively enormous mesonephroi do not have an excretory role in the mouse, only serving as a base for gonadal differentiation. In the human embryo, the medial part of the mesonephric tubules enlarges, become invaginated by capillaries, and form glomeruli. These then take on an excretory role. In the mouse, the mesonephric ducts appear to be patent throughout their length[GUDMAP, modified] CALOHA:TS-0624 EFO:0000928 EHDAA2:0001130 EHDAA:1581 EHDAA:5903 EMAPA:16744 EMAPA:27644 FMA:72171 GAID:1308 In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In fish and amphibians, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney MESH:D001755 Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles.[AAO] TAO:0000529 The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. UBERON:0000080 UMLS:C0025492 VHOG:0000038 Wolffian body XAO:0000141 ZFA:0000529 amphibian adult kidney corpus Wolffi mesonephric mesonephric kidney mesonephroi middle kidney opisthonephros opisto nephros opistonephros uberon metanephros A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the posterior region of the nephric ridge and drained by a ureter; replaces the embryonic pronephros and mesonephros [in mammals]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG] BTO:0001543 During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter. As the cranial end of the bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it undergoes a series of branchings to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It also forms the major and minor calyces and the renal pelvis EHDAA2:0001137 EHDAA:3089 EHDAA:5911 EMAPA:17207 EMAPA:17373 FMA:72172 In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO] TODO check developmental relationships The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000081 UMLS:C0231049 VHOG:0000039 definite kidney definitive kidney hind kidney metanephric metanephric kidney metanephron uberon mesonephric tubule A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]. AAO:0010389 Any of the renal tubules composing the mesonephros. In mammals they function as excretory structures during the early embryonic development but are later incorporated into the reproductive system. [TFD][VHOG] As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001134 EMAPA:27588 EMAPA:27659 TODO check UBERON:0000083 VHOG:0000500 XAO:0000148 renal tubules tubuli mesonephrici uberon ureteric bud An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP] BTO:0001646 EHDAA2:0002140 EHDAA:3091 EHDAA:5917 EMAPA:17209 EMAPA:17376 Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. [Embryology, See_Dudek_RW_and_Fix_JD, Third_Edition_(2004)_Philadelphia:_Lippincott_William_and_Wilkins, p.137][VHOG] Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts[VHOG:0000541]. The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000084 UMLS:C1284058 VHOG:0000541 diverticulum diverticulum metanephricum gemma ureterica metanephric bud metanephric diverticulum uberon ureteric ampulla ureteric diverticulum post-embryonic stage BilaDO:0000003 In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997) OGES:000010 OGES:000014 OGES:000024 UBERON:0000092 WBls:0000022 WBls:0000093 WBls:0000103 post-hatching stage postembryonic postembryonic stage stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure uberon membrane organ 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z FMA:7145 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA] UBERON:0000094 cjm membrane membrane of organ uberon life cycle An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. FBdv:00000000 HsapDv:0000001 MmusDv:0000001 OGES:000011 UBERON:0000104 entire life cycle entire lifespan life lifespan ncithesaurus:Life uberon life cycle stage A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 FBdv:00007012 FMA:24120 HsapDv:0000000 MmusDv:0000000 OlatDv:0000010 PdumDv:0000090 UBERON:0000105 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0000000 ZFS:0100000 developmental stage ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage stage the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here uberon we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage zygote stage 1-cell stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] BILS:0000106 BilaDO:0000005 EFO:0001322 EHDAA:27 EMAPA:16033 FBdv:00005288 PdumDv:0000100 UBERON:0000106 VHOG:0000745 XAO:1000001 ZFS:0000001 fertilized egg stage fertilized egg stage one cell stage one-cell stage uberon zygote zygotum cleavage stage BILS:0000107 BilaDO:0000006 EFO:0001290 FBdv:00000054 MESH:A16.254.270 MmusDv:0000004 OGES:000015 OGES:000020 PdumDv:0000200 The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. UBERON:0000107 XAO:1000004 ZFS:0000046 uberon blastula stage An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. BILS:0000108 BilaDO:0000007 EFO:0001282 HsapDv:0000006 MmusDv:0000007 OGES:000003 OGES:000016 OGES:000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg UBERON:0000108 WBls:0000005 XAO:1000003 ZFS:0000045 consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage uberon gastrula stage A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. BILS:0000109 BilaDO:0000008 EFO:0001296 FBdv:00005317 HsapDv:0000010 MmusDv:0000013 OGES:000004 OGES:000019 UBERON:0000109 WBls:0000010 XAO:1000005 ZFS:0000047 blastocystis trilaminaris stage trilaminar blastocyst stage trilaminar blastoderm stage trilaminar disk stage trilaminar germ stage trilaminar stage uberon neurula stage BILS:0000110 BilaDO:0000009 HsapDv:0000012 MmusDv:0000017 Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. UBERON:0000110 XAO:1000006 uberon organogenesis stage A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. BILS:0000111 BilaDO:0000010 HsapDv:0000015 MmusDv:0000018 OGES:000005 OGES:000032 UBERON:0000111 segmentation stage uberon respiratory tube A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. FMA:12224 UBERON:0000117 in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) respiratory conducting tube segment of tracheobronchial tree segment of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial tree segment uberon lung bud BTO:0001643 EHDAA2:0004089 Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. UBERON:0000118 UMLS:C1514420 UMLS:C1514897 clarify successors - include bronchi? gemma pulmonalis gemma respiratoria lung bud primary lung bud respiratory diverticulum uberon neuron projection bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 FBbt:00005099 UBERON:0000122 UBERON:0005163 funiculus nerve fiber bundle neural fiber bundle uberon anterior region of body UBERON:0000153 uberon posterior region of body UBERON:0000154 uberon membranous layer A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. FMA:30322 FMA:82500 MESH:D008566 UBERON:0000158 membrane membranous organ component uberon intestine AAO:0000246 ANISEED:1235303 BSA:0000093 BTO:0000648 CALOHA:TS-0490 EFO:0000834 EMAPA:32874 EMAPA:35180 EV:0100071 FMA:7199 GAID:295 In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type. MA:0000328 MA:0001524 MESH:A03.492.411 MIAA:0000043 Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO] Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. TAO:0001338 The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] This class is probably too inclusive UBERON:0000160 UMLS:C0021853 VHOG:0000056 WBbt:0005772 XAO:0000129 ZFA:0001338 bowel galen:Intestine intestinal intestinal tract uberon orifice Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. FMA:3724 UBERON:0000161 anatomical orifice anatomical ostium hilum in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit ostium uberon cloaca A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG] AAO:0000095 Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO] Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures GAID:1206 Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs MESH:D002988 UBERON:0000162 UMLS:C0008987 VHOG:0001186 XAO:0000244 ZFA:0005781 adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca cloacal cloacal chamber hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm. uberon vent embryonic cloaca EHDAA2:0000256 EHDAA:4895 EMAPA:27573 EMAPA:27638 UBERON:0000163 cloaca endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. this class represents the embryonic form of the cloaca, as found in both mammals and non-mammals. uberon primitive urogenital sinus EHDAA2:0004060 EHDAA:5029 EHDAA:5919 EMAPA:17211 EMAPA:17379 In mammals the lowly monotremes still have a cloaca. Higher types have done away with this structure and have a separate anal outlet for the rectum. The monotreme cloaca shows the initiation of this subdivision. The cloaca has such includes only the distal part, roughly comparable to the proctodeum. The more proximal part is divided into (1) a large dorsal passage into which the intestine opens, the coprodeum, and (2) a ventral portion, the urodeum with which the bladder connects. (...) the development of the placental mammals recapitulates in many respects the phylogenetic story. In the sexually indifferent stage of placental mammal there is a cloaca. While the indifferent stage still persists, a septum develops, and extends out to the closing membrane. This divides the cloaca into two chambers: a coprodeum continuous with the gut above, and a urodeum or urogenital sinus below.[well established][VHOG] The ventral part of the cloaca after its separation from the rectum, giving rise to the lower part of the bladder in both sexes, to the prostatic portion of the male urethra, and to the urethra and vestibule in the female. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0000164 UGS UMLS:C0231057 VHOG:0000414 fetal UGS sinus urogenitalis the term 'urogenital sinus' may refer to the primitive urogenital sinus present as a transient developmental structure in most mammals or it may refer to a condition in which an unseptated cloaca persists in animals longer than normal the ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females uberon urogenital sinus mouth AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 BTO:0004698 CALOHA:TS-1315 Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] EFO:0000825 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FBbt:00003126 FMA:49184 GAID:75 MA:0000341 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:D009055 MIAA:0000038 Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). UBERON:0000165 VHOG:0000280 VHOG:0000812 XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 ZFA:0000590 adult mouth cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris galen:Mouth in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips mouth cavity oral oral region oral vestibule regio oralis rima oris some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus uberon vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris pair of lungs 1 1 1 1 FMA:68877 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. UBERON:0000170 lungs lungs pair pulmones set of lungs uberon respiration organ EMAPA:17607 Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. SPD:0000428 TGMA:0001247 UBERON:0000171 apparatus respiratorius organ breathing organ gas exchange organ organ of apparatus respiratorius organ of respiratory system respiratory organ respiratory system organ uberon excreta A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity AEO:0000184 BTO:0000491 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003184 ENVO:02000022 FMA:9674 UBERON:0000174 UBERON:0000324 UBERON:0007550 excreted substance excretion galen:Excretion portion of excreted substance uberon waste substance blood A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. AAO:0000046 BTO:0000089 CALOHA:TS-0079 EFO:0000296 EHDAA2:0000176 EHDAA:418 EMAPA:16332 ENVO:02000027 EV:0100047 FMA:9670 GAID:965 Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] MA:0000059 MESH:D001769 MIAA:0000315 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] TAO:0000007 This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid. UBERON:0000178 UMLS:C0005767 VHOG:0000224 XAO:0000124 ZFA:0000007 galen:Blood portion of blood relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] uberon vertebrate blood whole blood haemolymphatic fluid 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z CARO:0000081 Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. UBERON:0000179 blood or blood analog circulating fluid cjm uberon blastula BILA:0000059 BTO:0000128 GAID:1294 MESH:A16.254.270.274 OGEM:000006 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula UBERON:0000307 UBERON:0007011 blastosphere blastula embryo uberon breast BTO:0000149 CALOHA:TS-2083 EV:0100124 FMA:9601 GAID:33 MESH:D001940 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjV7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The breasts of a female primate's body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's. The upper ventral region of an animal's torso. UBERON:0000310 UMLS:C0006141 galen:Breast mamma mammary part of chest mammary region uberon duodenal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000367 CALOHA:TS-0213 Doudenal mucosa Duodenal mucous membrane EMAPA:27235 FMA:14942 MA:0003207 UBERON:0000320 UBERON:0003348 duodenum mucosa mucosa of duodenum mucous membrane of duodenum uberon gastric gland BTO:0000503 EMAPA:27181 FMA:14919 The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. UBERON:0000325 uberon gut wall BTO:0000547 FMA:45653 The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). UBERON:0000328 We model the digestive tract as consisting of two parts: the wall and the lumen. digestive tract wall uberon wall of alimentary tract wall of digestive tract wall of gut mucosa A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP] AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 CALOHA:TS-2031 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 EV:0100382 FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:D009092 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000344 UMLS:C0026724 galen:Mucosa mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa region of mucosa tunica mucosa uberon parenchyma EHDAA:3015 EHDAA:3905 EHDAA:3999 EHDAA:4005 EHDAA:6899 EHDAA:6903 EHDAA:6994 EHDAA:8086 EHDAA:9182 EHDAA:9190 EHDAA:9196 EHDAA:9202 Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin FMA:45732 UBERON:0000353 UMLS:C0933845 functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. parenchymal the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated uberon musculature of body AAO:0000307 Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] BILA:0000088 BTO:0001369 BTO:0001485 EFO:0000801 EMAPA:35578 FBbt:00005069 FMA:72954 MA:0002888 MAT:0000025 MIAA:0000025 The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. UBERON:0000383 VSAO:0000033 XAO:0004042 consider whether this should be restricted to skeletal musculature. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 muscle system muscle system of body muscular system musculature system muskelsystem set of all muscles set of muscles of body uberon vertebrate muscular system we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA serous gland A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. BTO:0001837 FMA:62889 UBERON:0000409 glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. uberon mucous gland A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. AAO:0010601 BTO:0001979 FMA:62888 In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong] UBERON:0000414 glandula mucosa muciparous gland mucous secreting gland mucus gland mucus-secreting gland uberon bodily secretion A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. AEO:0001005 BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions BTO:0002977 BTO:0002979 EMAPA:36535 FMA:9675 MA:0002504 MESH:D012634 UBERON:0000456 UBERON:0006540 UMLS:C1516992 exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion galen:Secretion secreted substance secretion uberon organism substance AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CALOHA:TS-2101 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 EMAPA:35178 FBbt:00007019 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 UBERON:0000463 VHOG:0001726 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 body fluid or substance body substance galen:BodySubstance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance uberon anatomical space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FBbt:00007017 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 UBERON:0000464 UMLS:C0524461 VHOG:0001728 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 anatomical spaces lumen lumen space space uberon material anatomical entity AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 Anatomical entity that has mass. BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 UBERON:0000465 VHOG:0001721 uberon immaterial anatomical entity AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 Anatomical entity that has no mass. BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FBbt:00007015 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TAO:0001835 TGMA:0001827 UBERON:0000466 VHOG:0001727 immaterial physical anatomical entity uberon anatomical system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 MA:0000003 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UBERON:0000467 UMLS:C0460002 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 anatomical systems body system connected anatomical system galen:AnatomicalSystem organ system system uberon multicellular organism AAO:0010026 AEO:0000191 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. BILA:0000012 BSA:0000038 BTO:0000042 CARO:0000012 EFO:0002906 EHDAA2:0003103 EHDAA2:0003191 EHDAA:1 EHDAA:9178 EMAPA:25765 EV:0100016 FBbt:00000001 FMA:256135 HAO:0000012 Koerper TADS:0000001 TAO:0001094 TGMA:0001832 TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage UBERON:0000468 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 XAO:0003004 ZFA:0001094 animal body galen:Organism multi-cellular organism ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism organism organismal uberon whole body whole organism compound organ component AAO:0010017 AEO:0000019 BILA:0000019 CARO:0000019 EHDAA2:0003019 HAO:0000019 Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. TAO:0001489 TGMA:0001835 UBERON:0000471 XAO:0003039 ZFA:0001489 compound organ components this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future uberon female reproductive system BTO:0000083 By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] CALOHA:TS-1303 EFO:0000969 EHDAA2:0000506 EHDAA:8116 EMAPA:17959 EV:0100110 FBbt:00004864 FMA:45663 GAID:364 HAO:0000324 MA:0000381 MESH:D005836 MIAA:0000028 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000635 The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. UBERON:0000474 UMLS:C0700038 VHOG:0000726 WBbt:0006748 WikipediaCategory:Female_reproductive_system XAO:0000156 female genital system female genital tract female genitalia female genitals female organism genitalia female organism reproductive system female reproductive tract genitalia of female organism gynaecological tissue reproductive system of female organism systema genitale femininum uberon organism subdivision AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. BILA:0000032 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UBERON:0000475 UMLS:C0229962 VHOG:0001758 XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 anatomic region body part body region cardinal body part galen:BodyPart uberon acellular anatomical structure AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FBbt:00007013 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 UBERON:0000476 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 acellular anatomical structures uberon anatomical cluster AAO:0010009 AEO:0000041 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. BILA:0000041 CARO:0000041 EHDAA2:0003041 FBbt:00007277 FMA:49443 HAO:0000041 TADS:0000605 TAO:0001478 TGMA:0001842 UBERON:0000477 VHOG:0001737 Will be obsoleted in CARO v2 [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/3] XAO:0003160 ZFA:0001478 uberon tissue AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 BILA:0000043 CALOHA:TS-2090 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 EMAPA:35868 FBbt:00007003 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:D014024 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 UBERON:0000479 UMLS:C0040300 VHOG:0001757 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 changed label and definition to reflect CARO2 galen:Tissue portion of tissue simple tissue tissue portion uberon multi-tissue structure AAO:0010048 AEO:0000055 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. BILA:0000055 CARO:0000055 EHDAA2:0003055 FBbt:00007010 HAO:0000055 TAO:0001488 TGMA:0001847 UBERON:0000481 VHOG:0001762 XAO:0003037 ZFA:0001488 multi-tissue structures uberon epithelium AAO:0000144 AAO:0010055 AEO:0000066 BILA:0000066 BTO:0000416 CALOHA:TS-0288 CARO:0000066 EHDAA2:0003066 EMAPA:32738 FBbt:00007005 FMA:9639 GAID:402 HAO:0000066 MA:0003060 MESH:D004848 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. TAO:0001486 The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000483 UMLS:C0014609 VHOG:0000387 XAO:0003045 ZFA:0001486 epithelial epithelial tissue portion of epithelium uberon simple columnar epithelium AAO:0010063 AEO:0000068 BILA:0000068 CARO:0000068 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 FBbt:00007027 FMA:45567 HAO:0000068 TAO:0001496 UBERON:0000485 UMLS:C0836135 Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA] XAO:0004008 ZFA:0001496 columnar epithelium columnar epithlium epithelium simplex columnare simple columnar epithelia simple columnar epithelium uberon multilaminar epithelium AAO:0010059 AEO:0000069 BILA:0000069 BTO:0002074 CARO:0000069 EHDAA2:0003069 Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA] FMA:45562 HAO:0000069 TAO:0001494 UBERON:0000486 UMLS:C0682575 XAO:0004006 ZFA:0001494 laminated epithelium stratified epithelium uberon simple squamous epithelium AAO:0010066 AEO:0000070 BILA:0000070 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000070 EHDAA2:0003070 FMA:45565 HAO:0000070 TAO:0001498 UBERON:0000487 UMLS:C0836133 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA] XAO:0004010 ZFA:0001498 epithelium simplex squamosum simple squamous epithelia uberon cavitated compound organ AAO:0010016 AEO:0000072 BILA:0000072 CARO:0000072 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. EHDAA2:0003072 FMA:55671 HAO:0000072 TAO:0001490 TGMA:0001857 UBERON:0000489 VHOG:0001730 XAO:0003165 ZFA:0001490 cavitated compound organs cavitated organ this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future uberon unilaminar epithelium AAO:0010062 AEO:0000073 BILA:0000073 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000073 EHDAA2:0003073 Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA] FMA:45561 HAO:0000073 TAO:0001495 UBERON:0000490 UMLS:C0682574 XAO:0004007 ZFA:0001495 consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable simple epithelium uberon unilaminar epithelia mucus CALOHA:TS-2144 ENVO:02000040 FMA:66938 GAID:1164 MESH:D009093 Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000912 UMLS:C0026727 galen:Mucus mucoid mucous uberon thoracic segment of trunk EMAPA:35862 FMA:259209 MA:0000022 Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. UBERON:0000915 anterior subdivision of trunk note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest thorax uberon upper body upper trunk abdomen BTO:0000020 CALOHA:TS-0001 EFO:0000968 EMAPA:35102 EV:0100011 FMA:9577 GAID:16 MA:0000029 MAT:0000298 MESH:A01.047 MIAA:0000298 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. UBERON:0000916 Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class abdominal abdominopelvic region abdominopelvis adult abdomen belly celiac celiac region galen:Abdomen uberon embryo AAO:0011035 AEO:0000169 Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. BILA:0000056 BSA:0000039 BTO:0000379 CALOHA:TS-0229 EFO:0001367 EHDAA2:0000002 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 EHDAA:38 EMAPA:16039 FBbt:00000052 FMA:69068 GAID:963 MAT:0000226 MESH:D004622 MIAA:0000019 OGEM:000001 Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000922 UMLS:C0013935 VHOG:0001766 XAO:0000113 ZFA:0000103 developing organism developmental tissue embryonic embryonic organism uberon germ layer A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. AAO:0000480 BILA:0000035 BTO:0000556 Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest] EMAPA:36033 FBbt:00000110 FMA:69069 GAID:1303 MESH:A16.254.425 TAO:0001122 The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000923 UMLS:C0920502 UMLS:C1708239 VHOG:0001223 XAO:0003011 ZFA:0001122 embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers embryonic tissue germinal layer primary germ layer uberon ectoderm AAO:0000137 BILA:0000036 BTO:0000315 CALOHA:TS-0216 EFO:0000414 EHDAA2:0000428 EMAPA:16069 EV:0100003 FBbt:00000111 FMA:69070 GAID:1304 MAT:0000155 MAT:0000173 MESH:A16.254.425.273 MIAA:0000173 Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] TAO:0000016 The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000924 UMLS:C0013574 VHOG:0000153 XAO:0000001 ZFA:0000016 ectodermal embryonic ectoderm uberon endoderm AAO:0000139 BILA:0000038 BTO:0000800 CALOHA:TS-0273 EFO:0002545 EHDAA2:0000436 EMAPA:16062 EV:0100005 FBbt:00000125 FMA:69071 GAID:1305 MAT:0000175 MESH:A16.254.425.407 MIAA:0000175 Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. TAO:0000017 The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000925 UMLS:C0014144 VHOG:0000154 XAO:0000090 ZFA:0000017 endodermal entoderm uberon mesoderm AAO:0000304 BILA:0000037 BTO:0000839 CALOHA:TS-0623 EFO:0001981 EHDAA2:0001128 EHDAA:124 EHDAA:160 EHDAA:168 EHDAA:183 EMAPA:16083 EV:0100006 FBbt:00000126 FMA:69072 GAID:522 MAT:0000174 MESH:A16.254.425.660 MIAA:0000174 Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] TAO:0000041 The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. UBERON:0000926 UBERON:0003263 UMLS:C0025485 VHOG:0000152 XAO:0000050 ZFA:0000041 embryonic mesoderm entire mesoderm mesodermal mesodermal mantle sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates uberon stomodeum Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. BTO:0004224 EHDAA2:0001929 EMAPA:16263 FBbt:00000439 FMA:295846 TAO:0001290 TGMA:0000135 This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity. UBERON:0000930 UMLS:C1514977 XAO:0000269 ZFA:0001290 consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence mouth pit mouth primordium oral ectoderm oral pit primitive oral cavity stomatodeum stomodaeum stomodeal stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx uberon proctodeum AAO:0011087 An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000121 EMAPA:25038 FBbt:00000123 Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO] TAO:0000066 UBERON:0000931 UMLS:C0231054 VHOG:0000139 XAO:0001019 ZFA:0000066 amnioproctodeal invagination anal pit anus porus embryonic proctodaeum proctodaeum proctodeal removed WBbt:0006795 'proctodeum' - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male. uberon stomach AAO:0000579 ANISEED:1235297 An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. BTO:0001307 CALOHA:TS-0980 EFO:0000837 EHDAA2:0001915 EHDAA:2993 EMAPA:17021 EV:0100070 FMA:7148 GAID:293 It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000353 MAT:0000051 MESH:A03.492.766 MIAA:0000051 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO] TAO:0002121 UBERON:0000945 UMLS:C0038351 VHOG:0000408 Ventricular We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa XAO:0000128 anterior intestine galen:Stomach gaster mesenteron stomach chamber uberon ventriculus heart A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. AAO:0010210 As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] BILA:0000020 BTO:0000562 Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] CALOHA:TS-0445 EFO:0000815 EHDAA2:0000738 EHDAA:420 EMAPA:16105 EV:0100018 FMA:7088 GAID:174 Herz@de MA:0000072 MAT:0000036 MESH:D006321 MIAA:0000036 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] TAO:0000114 Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1485706 UBERON:0000948 UMLS:C0018787 VHOG:0000276 XAO:0000064 ZFA:0000114 branchial heart cardiac cardium chambered heart galen:Heart relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] uberon vertebrate heart endocrine system AAO:0010279 Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO] Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. CALOHA:TS-1301 EFO:0002969 EHDAA2:0002224 EMAPA:35306 EV:0100128 FBbt:00005068 FMA:9668 GAID:439 MA:0000012 MESH:D004703 Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0001158 UBERON:0000949 UMLS:C0014136 VHOG:0000098 XAO:0000158 ZFA:0001158 endocrine endocrine glandular system endocrine system systema endocrinum uberon brain (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010478 ABA:Brain BAMS:Br BAMS:Brain BILA:0000135 BTO:0000142 CALOHA:TS-0095 Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] DHBA:10155 EFO:0000302 EHDAA2:0000183 EHDAA:2641 EHDAA:6485 EMAPA:16894 EV:0100164 FBbt:00005095 FMA:50801 GAID:571 HBA:4005 MA:0000168 MAT:0000098 MESH:D001921 MIAA:0000098 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PBA:3999 Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] TAO:0000008 The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) UBERON:0000955 UMLS:C0006104 UMLS:C1269537 VHOG:0000157 XAO:0000010 ZFA:0000008 encephalon galen:Brain http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21 requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion suprasegmental levels of nervous system suprasegmental structures synganglion the brain uberon eye An organ that detects light. BILA:0000017 BTO:0000439 CALOHA:TS-0309 EFO:0000827 EV:0100336 FBbt:00005162 GAID:69 MAT:0000140 MESH:D005123 MIAA:0000140 Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each) UBERON:0000970 light-detecting organ ocular optic uberon visual apparatus neck AEO:0000108 An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. BTO:0000420 CALOHA:TS-2045 EFO:0000967 EHDAA2:0003108 EMAPA:35587 FMA:7155 GAID:86 MA:0000024 MAT:0000297 MESH:D009333 MIAA:0000297 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000974 UMLS:C0027530 cervical collum galen:Neck neck (volume) true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck. uberon skeletal joint AEO:0000182 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] BTO:0001686 CALOHA:TS-2023 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:35456 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:D007596 MIAA:0000188 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 TAO:0000367 UBERON:0000982 UMLS:C0022417 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 articular joint articulation galen:Joint joint joints uberon reproductive system AAO:0010258 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO] Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG] BILA:0000103 BTO:0000081 CALOHA:TS-1318 EFO:0000809 EHDAA2:0001603 EHDAA:5923 EMAPA:17381 EV:0100100 FBbt:00004857 FMA:7160 GAID:363 Geschlechtsorgan HAO:0000374 HAO:0000895 MA:0000326 MIAA:0000305 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000632 UBERON:0000990 UMLS:C1261210 VHOG:0000182 WBbt:0005747 XAO:0000142 ZFA:0000632 animal reproductive system consider splitting genitalia from reproductive system genital system genital tract genitalia organa genitalia reproductive tissue reproductive tract systemata genitalia uberon gonad AAO:0000213 Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO] BILA:0000123 BSA:0000079 BTO:0000534 EMAPA:16857 EMAPA:17383 Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] FBbt:00004858 FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term' FMA:18250 GAID:368 HAO:0000379 MA:0002420 MESH:D006066 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQvdiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). TAO:0000413 The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO] UBERON:0000991 UMLS:C0018067 VHOG:0000397 WBbt:0005175 XAO:0003146 ZFA:0000413 gonada gonadal gonads uberon skin epidermis (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] AAO:0000143 BTO:0000404 CALOHA:TS-0283 EFO:0000954 EMAPA:17528 EV:0100153 FMA:70596 GAID:932 MA:0000153 MAT:0000154 MESH:D004817 MIAA:0000154 TAO:0000105 The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. UBERON:0001003 UMLS:C0014520 VHOG:0000077 XAO:0000028 ZFA:0000105 Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes). epidermal epidermis relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] skin uberon vertebrate epidermis respiratory system AAO:0000541 Atmungssystem BTO:0000203 CALOHA:TS-1319 EFO:0000804 EHDAA2:0001604 EHDAA:2203 EMAPA:16727 EV:0100036 FMA:7158 Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. GAID:78 MA:0000327 MAT:0000030 MESH:D012137 MIAA:0000030 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000272 The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001004 UMLS:C0035237 VHOG:0000202 XAO:0000117 ZFA:0000272 apparatus respiratorius apparatus respiratorius respiratory system systema respiratorium uberon respiratory airway An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. FMA:265130 This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends UBERON:0001005 airway airways uberon digestive system AAO:0000129 An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. BILA:0000082 BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-1293 EFO:0000793 EV:0100056 FBbt:00005055 FMA:7152 GAID:278 MA:0002431 MAT:0000018 MESH:D004064 MIAA:0000018 TADS:0000170 TAO:0000339 UBERON:0001007 WBbt:0005748 XAO:0000125 ZFA:0000339 alimentary system alimentary tract digestive galen:DigestiveSystem gastrointestinal system gut many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class ncithesaurus:Digestive_System uberon renal system AAO:0010257 An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO] BILA:0000015 BTO:0001244 BTO:0003092 CALOHA:TS-1323 EFO:0000803 EHDAA2:0001601 EHDAA:5901 EMAPA:17366 EV:0100095 Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG] FBbt:00005056 FMA:7159 GAID:391 In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here MA:0000325 MAT:0000027 MESH:D014551 MIAA:0000027 TADS:0000162 TAO:0000163 The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products.. This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans UBERON:0001008 UMLS:C1508753 VHOG:0000723 WBbt:0005736 XAO:0000143 ZFA:0000163 excretory system galen:UrinaryTract renal or urinary system renal system renal/urinary system systema urinaria systema urinarium uberon urinary system urinary tract circulatory system AAO:0000959 Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] CALOHA:TS-2103 FBbt:00005057 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001009 VHOG:0001248 We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. systema cardiovasculare the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system uberon adipose tissue AAO:0000001 AEO:000020 Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001487 CALOHA:TS-0013 Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] EFO:0000790 EHDAA2:0003120 EMAPA:35112 EV:0100381 FMA:20110 GAID:920 In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen. MA:0000009 MAT:0000015 MESH:D000273 MIAA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue TAO:0002134 Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] UBERON:0001013 UMLS:C0001527 VHOG:0001284 XAO:0003049 ZFA:0005345 adipose adipose bodyfat fat fat tissue fatty depot fatty tissue galen:FattyTissue in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] uberon musculature A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. AAO:0011066 BTO:0000887 EFO:0001949 EMAPA:32715 EMAPA:35577 FMA:32558 In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. MA:0000165 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000548 UBERON:0001015 UMLS:C0026845 VSAO:0005038 WBbt:0005737 ZFA:0000548 muscle group muscle system muscles muscles set musculature musculature system musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles uberon nervous system A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] AAO:0000324 Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] BILA:0000079 BTO:0001484 CALOHA:TS-1313 EFO:0000802 EHDAA2:0001246 EHDAA:826 EMAPA:16469 EV:0100162 FBbt:00005093 FMA:7157 GAID:466 MA:0000016 MAT:0000026 MESH:D009420 MIAA:0000026 Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000396 The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. UBERON:0001016 UMLS:C0027763 VHOG:0000402 WBbt:0005735 XAO:0000177 ZFA:0000396 nerve net nervous neural neurological system systema nervosum uberon central nervous system (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000090 BAMS:CNS BILA:0000080 BTO:0000227 CALOHA:TS-0150 CNS EFO:0000908 EHDAA2:0000225 EHDAA:828 EMAPA:16470 EMAPA:16754 EV:0100163 FBbt:00005094 FMA:55675 GAID:570 MA:0000167 MAT:0000457 MESH:D002490 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYt3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] TAO:0000012 The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. UBERON:0001017 UMLS:C0927232 VHOG:0000293 XAO:0000215 ZFA:0000012 cerebrospinal axis neuraxis systema nervosum centrale uberon nerve A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] AAO:0011070 AEO:0000137 An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. BAMS:n BSA:0000098 BTO:0000925 BTO:0001027 CALOHA:TS-0772 EHDAA2:0003137 EHDAA:2851 EHDAA:3776 EHDAA:4657 EMAPA:32808 EMAPA:32815 EV:0100371 FBbt:00005105 FMA:65132 FMA:65239 GAID:747 GAID:758 MA:0000217 MA:0000228 MESH:D010525 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0007009 UBERON:0001021 UMLS:C0027740 UMLS:C0031119 VHOG:0000901 XAO:0000204 XAO:0003047 ZFA:0007009 galen:Nerve nerves nervous neural subtree peripheral nerve uberon sensory system AAO:0000555 An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. BAMS:SEN BILA:0000099 EFO:0000805 EHDAA2:0003094 EMAPA:16192 FBbt:00005827 FMA:75259 MA:0002442 MAT:0000031 MIAA:0000031 TAO:0000282 UBERON:0001032 VHOG:0001674 XAO:0003194 ZFA:0000282 note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs organa sensuum organa sensuum sense organ subsystem sense organs sense organs set sensory organ system sensory subsystem sensory systems set of sense organs uberon gustatory system AAO:0010577 BILA:0000143 EFO:0000830 FMA:7194 MA:0002446 MAT:0000275 MIAA:0000275 TAO:0001101 The sensory system for the sense of taste. The sensory system for the sense of taste[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_090803]. The sensory system used for the sense of taste.[AAO] UBERON:0001033 XAO:0003197 ZFA:0001101 gustatory gustatory organ system in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes taste system uberon foregut AAO:0011042 Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. BILA:0000085 BTO:0000507 EHDAA2:0000557 EHDAA:520 EMAPA:16548 FBbt:00005379 FMA:45616 MA:0001526 Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. In vertebrates the term may refer to a developmental structure TGMA:0001014 The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001041 UMLS:C0231051 VHOG:0000285 XAO:0000232 praeenteron proenteron uberon chordate pharynx (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. AAO:0000967 Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] BTO:0001049 CALOHA:TS-0785 Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx EFO:0000836 EHDAA2:0001458 EHDAA:2947 EMAPA:16706 EV:0100065 FMA:46688 GAID:155 MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme MA:0000432 MESH:A03.867 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. TAO:0000056 The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001042 UMLS:C0031354 VHOG:0000462 XAO:0003227 ZFA:0000056 galen:Pharynx pharynx relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] uberon midgut BILA:0000086 BTO:0000863 EFO:0001950 EHDAA2:0001185 EHDAA:983 EMAPA:16255 FBbt:00005383 FMA:45617 In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon MA:0001564 Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class TGMA:0001036 The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001045 UMLS:C0231052 VHOG:0000290 XAO:0000103 in FMA this represents an embryonic region. mesenteron uberon hindgut AAO:0011052 BILA:0000087 BTO:0000510 EHDAA2:0000779 EHDAA:975 EMAPA:16715 FBbt:00005384 FMA:45618 MA:0001527 Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest). We may explicitly make this a developmental class TGMA:0001020 The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. UBERON:0001046 UMLS:C0231053 VHOG:0000459 XAO:0000104 in FMA this class has no children. In MA it has a single child hindgut epithelium metenteron the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo uberon primordium AEO:0000171 BTO:0001886 EFO:0001652 EHDAA2:0003171 FBbt:00005495 FMA:86589 MAT:0000482 Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. UBERON:0001048 UMLS:C0678727 XAO:0003043 bud future organ placode primordia rudiment uberon neural tube (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010617 BTO:0001057 CALOHA:TS-2371 DHBA:10154 EHDAA2:0001254 EHDAA:2869 EHDAA:908 EMAPA:16164 EMAPA:16530 EMAPA:16757 FMA:293882 Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. MAT:0000069 MIAA:0000069 TAO:0001135 The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium UBERON:0001049 UMLS:C0231024 VHOG:0000307 XAO:0003204 ZFA:0001135 neural primordium presumptive central nervous system tubus neuralis uberon anatomical entity AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BILA:0000000 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FBbt_root:00000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UBERON:0001062 UMLS:C1515976 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 uberon ventral pancreatic duct A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. BTO:0002362 EHDAA2:0001396 EHDAA:6905 EMAPA:17510 FMA:16003 GAID:337 MA:0000126 MESH:D010183 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0001064 UBERON:0005627 UMLS:C0030288 Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. VHOG:0000256 canal of Wirsung chief pancreatic duct duct of Wirsung ductus pancreatis ventralis hepaticopancreatic duct in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue main pancreatic duct pancreatic duct uberon urine BTO:0001419 CALOHA:TS-1092 EFO:0001939 EMAPA:36554 ENVO:00002047 Excretion that is the output of a kidney FMA:12274 GAID:1189 MA:0002545 MAT:0000058 MESH:D014556 MIAA:0000058 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001088 UMLS:C0042036 galen:Urine kidney excreta from some taxa (e.g. in aves) may not be liquid uberon synovial fluid BTO:0001339 CALOHA:TS-0996 ENVO:02000039 FMA:12277 GAID:265 MA:0002544 MESH:D013582 Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] TAO:0005154 Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae. UBERON:0001090 UMLS:C0039097 ZFA:0005154 galen:SynovialFluid joint fluid uberon lobe of liver EMAPA:18306 FMA:13361 MA:0000360 Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. UBERON:0001113 UMLS:C0447541 hepatic lobe liver lobe lobus hepatis some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts uberon right lobe of liver 2nd lobe EHDAA2:0001008 EHDAA:4001 EMAPA:18311 FMA:13362 MA:0000363 Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO] TAO:0005173 The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001114 UMLS:C0227481 VHOG:0001424 ZFA:0005173 gall bladder lobe liver right lobe lobus hepaticus dexter lobus hepatis dexter right hepatic lobe right liver lobe second lobe uberon left lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001000 EHDAA:3995 EMAPA:18307 FMA:13363 MA:0000361 Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO] TAO:0005172 The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001115 UMLS:C0227486 VHOG:0001423 ZFA:0005172 left hepatic lobe left liver lobe liver left lobe lobus hepaticus sinister lobus hepatis sinister uberon cardiac muscle tissue AAO:0010245 AEO:0000142 BILA:0000134 BTO:0000199 CALOHA:TS-0440 EHDAA2:0003142 EMAPA:32688 FMA:14068 Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. TAO:0005280 UBERON:0001133 UBERON:0007096 ZFA:0005280 cardiac muscle cardiac muscle muscle tissue cardiac muscle textus muscularis cardiac musculature check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit galen:CardiacMuscle galen:CardiacMuscleTissue heart muscle muscle tissue heart muscle textus muscularis heart myocardium muscle tissue heart myocardium textus muscularis muscle of heart muscle tissue muscle of heart textus muscularis muscle tissue of cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart muscle muscle tissue of heart myocardium muscle tissue of muscle of heart muscle tissue of myocardium myocardium muscle tissue myocardium textus muscularis ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle textus muscularis of cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart muscle textus muscularis of heart myocardium textus muscularis of muscle of heart textus muscularis of myocardium uberon skeletal muscle tissue EMAPA:32716 FMA:14069 MA:0002439 Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle. This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] UBERON:0001134 UMLS:C0242692 skeletal muscle skeletal muscle system somatic muscle uberon mesothelium AEO:0000111 BTO:0002422 CALOHA:TS-1183 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111 EHDAA:2331 EHDAA:2349 EHDAA:295 EHDAA:6073 EHDAA:640 EHDAA:646 EMAPA:32856 FMA:14074 MA:0000565 Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). UBERON:0001136 UMLS:C0086610 uberon dorsum A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. BTO:0001713 CALOHA:TS-2223 EFO:0001405 FMA:14181 GAID:30 In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body MESH:A01.176 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkEU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001137 UMLS:C0004600 back back of body proper dorsal dorsal part of organism galen:Back uberon cystic duct Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000333 EHDAA:3045 EMAPA:16841 FMA:14539 GAID:290 MA:0000355 MESH:A03.159.183.419 OpenCyc:Mx4rveBeC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005166 The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001152 UMLS:C0010672 VHOG:0000213 ZFA:0005166 ductus cysticus galen:CysticDuct the tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct uberon body of stomach BTO:0000505 EMAPA:35810 FMA:14560 MA:0002559 The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. UBERON:0001161 UMLS:C0227230 corpus gastricum corpus gastricum (ventriculare) corpus ventriculare corpus ventriculi galen:GastricCorpus gastric body gastric corpus stomach body uberon we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type pyloric antrum BTO:0001732 EFO:0002555 EMAPA:17891 FMA:14579 GAID:332 MA:0001624 MESH:A03.492.766.716 UBERON:0001165 UMLS:C0034193 antrum antrum of Willis antrum of stomach antrum pylori antrum pyloricum galen:PyloricAntrum gastric antrum stomach antrum stomach pyloric antrum the area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells uberon pylorus Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] BTO:0001146 EHDAA2:0001580 EHDAA:4860 EMAPA:17631 FMA:14581 GAID:333 MA:0002560 MESH:A03.492.766.799 The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001166 UMLS:C0034196 VHOG:0000420 We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands galen:Pylorus pars pylorica pars pylorica gastricae pyloric pyloric part of stomach pyloric region stomach pyloric region the stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum uberon valvula pylori wall of stomach EMAPA:35826 FMA:14582 MA:0002692 UBERON:0001167 anatomical wall of stomach anatomical wall of ventriculus galen:WallOfStomach gastric wall stomach anatomical wall stomach wall the layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between uberon ventriculus anatomical wall ventriculus wall wall of ventriculus wall of small intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35785 FMA:14615 MA:0002696 UBERON:0001168 UMLS:C1519375 anatomical wall of small bowel anatomical wall of small intestine small bowel anatomical wall small bowel wall small intestinal wall small intestine anatomical wall small intestine wall uberon wall of small bowel portal lobule FMA:14653 MA:0002498 The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. UBERON:0001171 UMLS:C0682620 uberon hepatic acinus EMAPA:35497 FMA:14654 MA:0002496 The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. UBERON:0001172 UMLS:C0227519 liver acinus portal acinus uberon biliary tree A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. AAO:0011020 EMAPA:35172 FMA:14665 Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO] The path in many species is as follows: Bile canaliculi -> Canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) -> interlobular bile ducts -> intrahepatic bile ducts -> left and right hepatic ducts merge to form -> common hepatic duct *exits liver* and joins -> cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming -> common bile duct -> joins with pancreatic duct -> forming ampulla of Vater -> enters duodenum [WP] UBERON:0001173 UMLS:C0005423 XAO:0000455 biliary tract uberon common bile duct Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000303 EHDAA:3981 EMAPA:17201 FMA:14667 GAID:282 MA:0001631 MESH:D003135 TAO:0005165 The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] UBERON:0001174 UMLS:C0009437 VHOG:0000214 ZFA:0005165 ductus choledochus ductus choledochus (biliaris) galen:CommonBileDuct the part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct uberon common hepatic duct EMAPA:19101 FMA:14668 GAID:286 MA:0002660 MESH:D006500 Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001175 UMLS:C0019149 VHOG:0000220 ductus hepaticus communis hepatic duct uberon right hepatic duct EHDAA2:0001727 EHDAA:3992 EMAPA:32797 FMA:14669 MA:0001639 The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] UBERON:0001176 UMLS:C0227557 VHOG:0000217 ductus hepaticus dexter uberon left hepatic duct EHDAA2:0000941 EHDAA:3990 EMAPA:32795 FMA:14670 MA:0001638 The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] UBERON:0001177 UMLS:C0227560 VHOG:0000218 ductus hepaticus sinister uberon hepatic artery An artery that supplies the liver. Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO] BTO:0004307 EMAPA:17859 FMA:14769 GAID:496 MA:0001963 MESH:D006499 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzKtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005161 UBERON:0001193 UMLS:C0019145 ZFA:0005161 arteria hepatica arteria hepatica propria currently defined in a generic fashion. galen:HepaticArtery uberon mucosa of stomach BTO:0001308 CALOHA:TS-0404 EMAPA:35817 FMA:14907 GAID:321 MA:0002683 MESH:A03.492.766.440 Magenschleimhaut OpenCyc:Mx8NhB4rvcD6KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]. The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. UBERON:0001199 UMLS:C0017136 galen:GastricMucosa gastric mucosa gastric mucous membrane mucosa of organ of stomach mucosa of organ of ventriculus mucosa of ventriculus mucous membrane of stomach mucous membrane of ventriculus organ mucosa of stomach organ mucosa of ventriculus stomach mucosa stomach mucosa of organ stomach mucous membrane stomach organ mucosa tunica mucosa (gaster) tunica mucosa gastricae tunica mucosa gastris uberon ventriculus mucosa ventriculus mucosa of organ ventriculus mucous membrane ventriculus organ mucosa pyloric sphincter (...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG] A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. AAO:0011093 EMAPA:19251 FMA:14916 MA:0002952 OpenCyc:Mx4rvly2ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001202 UMLS:C0227238 VHOG:0001466 XAO:0000457 pyloric valve uberon mucosa of small intestine A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001259 CALOHA:TS-0941 EMAPA:35780 FMA:14933 MA:0002686 UBERON:0001204 UMLS:C0227261 mucosa of organ of small bowel mucosa of organ of small intestine mucosa of small bowel mucous membrane of small bowel mucous membrane of small intestine organ mucosa of small bowel organ mucosa of small intestine small bowel mucosa small bowel mucosa of organ small bowel mucous membrane small bowel organ mucosa small intestinal mucosa small intestine mucosa small intestine mucosa of organ small intestine mucous membrane small intestine organ mucosa tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue) tunica mucosa intestini tenuis uberon renal pelvis A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]. CALOHA:TS-2230 EMAPA:17948 FMA:15575 GAID:426 In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter MA:0000374 MESH:D007682 UBERON:0001224 UMLS:C0227666 galen:RenalPelvis kidney pelvis p. renallis pelvis of ureter pyelum uberon intestinal mucosa BTO:0000642 EMAPA:35440 FMA:15695 GAID:296 MA:0001537 MESH:A03.492.411.369 The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479) UBERON:0001242 UMLS:C0021839 bowel mucosa bowel mucosa of organ bowel mucous membrane bowel organ mucosa intestine mucosa intestine mucosa of organ intestine mucous membrane intestine organ mucosa mucosa of bowel mucosa of intestine mucosa of organ of bowel mucosa of organ of intestine mucous membrane of bowel mucous membrane of intestine organ mucosa of bowel organ mucosa of intestine tunica mucosa intestini uberon anus BTO:0001680 CALOHA:TS-2005 EV:0100082 FBbt:00003148 FMA:15711 GAID:312 In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html MA:0000331 MESH:A03.492.411.495.767.288 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. TADS:0000066 TGMA:0001279 UBERON:0001245 UMLS:C0003461 WBbt:0005364 anal anal opening anal orifice galen:Anus opening of terminal part of digestive tract proctodeum uberon interlobular bile duct FMA:15767 MA:0002668 The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. UBERON:0001246 UMLS:C0227515 interlobular ductule uberon urinary bladder A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] AAO:0000623 Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO] BTO:0001418 CALOHA:TS-1090 EFO:0000290 EHDAA2:0000174 EHDAA:9328 EMAPA:18321 EV:0100098 FMA:15900 GAID:0000004 In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000380 MAT:0000122 MESH:A05.810.161 MIAA:0000122 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The urinary bladder evolved in tetrapods. Birds to not possess a true urinary bladder, although Palaeognathae have an undifferentiated cloacal outpocketing that serves a similar function[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/454] UBERON:0001255 UMLS:C0005682 VHOG:0000740 XAO:0000154 bladder distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. galen:UrinaryBladder uberon urocyst vesica vesica urinaria vesical wall of intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000647 EMAPA:35181 EMAPA:35444 FMA:15949 MA:0001525 MA:0002693 UBERON:0001262 UMLS:C1708548 anatomical wall of bowel anatomical wall of intestine bowel anatomical wall bowel wall bowel wall intestinal wall intestine anatomical wall intestine wall uberon wall of bowel we place two MA classes here due to the official ncit2ma mapping to intestinal wall tissue; not clear how bowel and intestine are different pancreatic acinus EMAPA:35651 FMA:16011 MA:0002417 The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. UBERON:0001263 UMLS:C0227578 acinus pancreaticus pancreas acinus pancreatic acinar pancreatic acini uberon pancreas AAO:0010112 An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]. As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) BTO:0000988 CALOHA:TS-0736 EFO:0000855 EHDAA2:0001367 EHDAA:6893 EMAPA:17503 EV:0100092 FMA:7198 GAID:334 In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000120 MAT:0000075 MESH:D010179 MIAA:0000075 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] TAO:0000140 The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm UBERON:0001264 UMLS:C0030274 VHOG:0000050 XAO:0000136 ZFA:0000140 galen:Pancreas pancreatic uberon pelvic girdle region FMA:16581 Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO] The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. UBERON:0001271 UMLS:C0684083 VSAO:0000304 girdle - pelvic pelvic girdle this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list. Note that even though the class includes soft tissue it is more restrictive than 'pelvis' which also includes structures in cavities etc. TODO this needs to be better documented uberon epithelium of stomach BTO:0000500 CALOHA:TS-2068 EHDAA2:0001918 EMAPA:17023 FMA:17091 MA:0001610 The epithelial layer of the stomach . UBERON:0001276 VHOG:0001433 epithelial tissue of stomach epithelial tissue of ventriculus epithelium of ventriculus gastric epithelium in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular stomach epithelial tissue stomach epithelium uberon ventriculus epithelial tissue ventriculus epithelium portal triad A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel FMA:17523 MA:0002499 The misnomer 'portal triad' traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver. UBERON:0001279 UMLS:C0227514 trias hepatica trias hepatica uberon liver parenchyma AAO:0010405 EHDAA2:0001004 EHDAA:2201 EMAPA:17203 FMA:17540 MA:0000366 The functional units of the liver including the lobules. UBERON:0001280 UBERON:0003223 VHOG:0000539 XAO:0000454 hepatic parenchyma hepatic parenchyme liver parenchyme parenchyma of liver the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG] uberon intralobular bile duct FMA:17545 MA:0002669 Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct) UBERON:0001282 UMLS:C0227517 canal of Hering canal of Herring canals of Hering cholangiole duct of Herring ductus interlobularis bilifer intrahepatic bile ductule the tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule uberon anal region Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] EFO:0000847 EHDAA2:0000122 EHDAA:2931 EMAPA:16831 MA:0000329 MAT:0000042 MIAA:0000042 The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present UBERON:0001353 UMLS:C0230120 VHOG:0000395 WBbt:0006919 posterior posterior end of organism uberon skeletal system AAO:0000566 Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] BTO:0001486 By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] CALOHA:TS-1320 EFO:0000806 EHDAA2:0003168 EMAPA:35773 FMA:23881 GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates MA:0000018 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Skelettsystem System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] TAO:0000434 UBERON:0001434 UMLS:C0037253 VHOG:0001254 VSAO:0000027 XAO:0003060 ZFA:0000434 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system set of all bones and joints skeletal skeleton system uberon chest BTO:0001368 CALOHA:TS-1039 EFO:0000965 EV:0100010 FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions FMA:9576 GAID:91 MA:0000031 MAT:0000295 MESH:A01.911 MIAA:0000295 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVikFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. UBERON:0001443 UMLS:C0817096 UMLS:C1527391 anterolateral part of thorax front of thorax galen:Chest galen:Thorax pectoral pectus thoracic thoracic body wall thorax uberon ventral part of thoracic region subdivision of head FMA:24218 UBERON:0001444 XAO:0000040 head region head subdivision region of head uberon face A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). BTO:0003369 CALOHA:TS-2216 EMAPA:32763 FMA:24728 GAID:64 HAO:0000316 MA:0002473 MESH:D005145 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) UBERON:0001456 UMLS:C0015450 facia/facies facial galen:Face uberon visage bone element AAO:0000047 AEO:0000082 Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] BTO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-0088 EFO:0000298 EHDAA2:0003082 EMAPA:32782 ENVO:00002039 EV:0100140 FMA:30317 FMA:5018 GAID:92 MA:0001459 MAT:0000299 MIAA:0000299 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] TAO:0001514 The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] UBERON:0001474 UMLS:C0262950 VHOG:0001190 VSAO:0000057 XAO:0000169 ZFA:0001514 bone bone element bone organ bones galen:Bone relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] uberon articular capsule An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:34836 GAID:263 MA:0001519 MESH:D017746 UBERON:0001484 UMLS:C0206207 capsula articularis capsulae articulares check ncita fibrous capsule of joint galen:JointCapsule joint capsule joint fibrous capsule uberon digestive tract A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. AAO:0010023 BILA:0000083 BTO:0000511 BTO:0000545 EHDAA2:0000726 EHDAA:518 EMAPA:16247 FBbt:00003125 FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. FMA:45615 MA:0000917 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000112 TGMA:0001819 The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001555 UMLS:C0017189 VHOG:0000309 WBbt:0005743 ZFA:0000112 alimentary canal alimentary tract digestive canal digestive tube enteric tract galen:AlimentaryTract gut gut tube uberon we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 lower urinary tract FMA:45659 MA:0002636 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. UBERON:0001556 galen:LowerUrinaryTract uberon upper respiratory tract EHDAA2:0002136 EMAPA:17669 FMA:45661 MA:0000442 OpenCyc:Mx4rtT2HwgJMEdyAAADggVbxzQ Some specify that the glottis (vocal cords) is the defining line between the upper and lower respiratory tracts;[2] yet even others make the line at the cricoid cartilage. The FMA includes nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx[WP] The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea. UBERON:0001557 VHOG:0000406 uberon lower respiratory tract EHDAA2:0001036 EMAPA:16738 FMA:45662 MA:0000435 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified] UBERON:0001558 VHOG:0000382 uberon coronary artery An artery that supplies the myocardium. BTO:0000290 CALOHA:TS-0176 EFO:0002551 EMAPA:19160 EMAPA:25968 EV:0100383 FMA:49893 MA:0002453 OpenCyc:Mx4rvoL56ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001621 UMLS:C0205042 VHOG:0001557 ZFA:0005812 coronary arterial tree coronary vessel galen:CoronaryArtery uberon muscle organ AAO:0011066 EMAPA:32715 EV:0100146 FMA:5022 GAID:131 It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] TAO:0005145 UBERON:0001630 VHOG:0001245 XAO:0000172 ZFA:0005145 galen:Muscle muscle muscular uberon artery AAO:0010211 AEO:0000208 An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. BTO:0000573 CALOHA:TS-0054 EFO:0000814 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA2:0003253 EMAPA:35147 EV:0100026 FMA:50720 GAID:468 MA:0000064 MAT:0000034 MESH:D001158 MIAA:0000034 Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjknZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] TAO:0000005 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001637 UMLS:C0003842 VHOG:0001251 XAO:0000114 ZFA:0000005 arterial arterial subtree arterial system arterial tree organ part arterial vessel arteries galen:Artery uberon vein AAO:0010212 AEO:0000209 Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. BTO:0000234 CALOHA:TS-1108 EFO:0000816 EHDAA2:0003254 EMAPA:35906 EV:0100031 FMA:50723 GAID:492 MA:0000067 MAT:0000037 MESH:D014680 MIAA:0000037 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] TAO:0000082 TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001638 UMLS:C0042449 VHOG:0001743 XAO:0000115 ZFA:0000082 galen:Vein uberon vascular element vena venae venous subtree venous tree organ part venous vessel ear AAO:0011014 BTO:0000368 Both vertebrate and invertebrate auditory organs are thought to have evolved from primitive mechanosensors, but the nature of the ancestral structure and the evolutionary trajectories followed in distinct animal lineages remain unknown. In particular, we do not know how many types of mechanosensor existed in the protostome-deuterostome ancestor from which insects and vertebrates evolved or whether the PDA had an auditory organ.[well established][VHOG] CALOHA:TS-1165 EFO:0000826 EHDAA2:0000423 EHDAA:502 EMAPA:16193 EV:0100353 FMA:52780 GAID:62 MA:0000236 MAT:0000138 MESH:D004423 MIAA:0000138 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViXS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjL05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. The organ of hearing and of equilibrium. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0001690 UMLS:C0013443 UMLS:C0521421 VHOG:0000330 XAO:0000189 auditory apparatus auricular auris galen:Ear uberon nail A horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP]. A primate's nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared BTO:0001719 CALOHA:TS-2034 EFO:0000956 EMAPA:35580 EV:0100159 FMA:54326 GAID:1320 MA:0002703 MAT:0000158 MESH:D009262 MIAA:0000158 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The nails of humans and the claws are moth are highly similar. Both species have a proximal nail fold, cuticle, nail matrix, nail bed, nail plate, and hyponychium. Distinguishing features are the shape of the nail and the presence of an extended hyponychium in the mouse [PMC3579226] UBERON:0001705 UMLS:C0027342 Use this class for both the nails of primates and the homologous claws of mammals such as mouse. VHOG:0001361 XAO:0003103 claw galen:Nail nail/claw talon uberon cranial ganglion BTO:0000106 EFO:0000902 EMAPA:16659 FMA:54502 Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO] MA:0000213 MA:0000214 MAT:0000200 MIAA:0000200 TAO:0000013 UBERON:0001714 UBERON:0003213 UBERON:0026601 VHOG:0000076 XAO:0000027 ZFA:0000013 cranial ganglia cranial ganglion cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system cranial ganglion/nerve cranial nerve ganglion cranial neural ganglion cranial neural tree organ ganglion ganglion of cranial nerve ganglion of cranial neural tree organ head ganglion presumptive cranial ganglia the groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves uberon spinal nerve AAO:0011101 Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] BAMS:spin BTO:0000870 EHDAA2:0001898 EMAPA:16989 FMA:5858 GAID:841 MA:0000233 MESH:D013127 OpenCyc:Mx4rwK_iFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001780 UMLS:C0037941 VHOG:0000824 XAO:0003101 backbone nerve nerve of backbone nerve of spinal column nerve of spine nerve of vertebral column nervi spinales spinal column nerve spinal nerve tree spinal nerves spine nerve the any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified] uberon vertebral column nerve cranial nerve AAO:0000108 BAMS:cran BTO:0001104 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. EHDAA2:0000323 EMAPA:17264 FMA:5865 GAID:802 HBA:9299 MA:0000215 MBA:967 MESH:D003391 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6 TAO:0000641 Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] UBERON:0001785 UMLS:C0010268 UMLS:C1269897 VHOG:0000279 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000429 XAO:0003089 ZFA:0000641 classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN. cranial nerves cranial neural tree organ nervus cranialis uberon forebrain AAO:0010147 BAMS:FB BAMS:Forebrain BTO:0000478 CALOHA:TS-0380 DHBA:10156 DMBA:15566 EFO:0000909 EHDAA2:0000556 EHDAA:3470 EMAPA:16895 FB FMA:61992 In craniate embryos, neural expression of Distal-less-related genes is exclusively in the forebrain (...). Because the major neural expression domain of amphioxus AmphiDll is in the anterior three-fourths of the cerebral vesicle, we suggest that this region of the neural tube is homologous to parts of the craniate forebrain. This conclusion is strongly supported by three-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction of the neural tube of amphioxus based on serial transmission electron microscopy. At the neuroanatomical level, a number of detailed homologies are indicated between the anterior three-fourths of the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the diencephalic region of the craniate forebrain. If one assumes that the amphioxus condition fairly represents the nervous system of the proximate ancestor of the craniates, one can suggest that they evolved from a creature that had the beginnings of a forebrain.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000170 MAT:0000105 MESH:D016548 MIAA:0000105 Most anterior of the three regions of the brain consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon.[AAO] TAO:0000109 The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] UBERON:0001890 UMLS:C0085140 VHOG:0000383 XAO:0000011 ZFA:0000109 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27 prosencephalic prosencephalon relationship loss: develops_from forebrain neural tube (TAO:0007041)[TAO] uberon midbrain AAO:0010149 BAMS:MES BM:MB BTO:0000138 CALOHA:TS-0630 DHBA:10648 DMBA:16649 EFO:0000919 EHDAA2:0001162 EHDAA:3694 EMAPA:16974 EV:0100242 FMA:61993 Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] HBA:9001 MA:0000207 MAT:0000106 MB MBA:313 MESH:D008636 MIAA:0000106 Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 TAO:0000128 The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. UBERON:0001891 UMLS:C0025462 VHOG:0000069 XAO:0000014 ZFA:0000128 developmental relationships need revised http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=462 mesencephalic mesencephalon part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN10:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships uberon telencephalon AAO:0010479 BAMS:CB BAMS:CH BAMS:IV BAMS:Tel BM:Tel BTO:0000239 CALOHA:TS-1018 DHBA:10158 EFO:0000912 EHDAA2:0001982 EMAPA:16652 EMAPA:16910 EV:0100165 FMA:62000 From an evolutionary standpoint, the telencephalon is the most recent brain structure: the amphioxus does not have this structure as a morphological entity. Overt telencephalon is present in the hagfish and lamprey to receive numerous input fibers from various parts of the CNS, similar to gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] GAID:621 HBA:4007 In mammals the cortex covers almost the whole of the cerebral hemispheres. In ray-finned fishes the inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles. In the amniotes, the cerebrum becomes increasingly large and complex. In reptiles, the paleopallium is much larger than in amphibians, and its growth has pushed the basal nuclei into the central regions of the cerebrum. In the most primitive living vertebrates, the hagfishes and lampreys, the cerebrum is a relatively simple structure receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory bulb. MA:0000183 MAT:0000421 MBA:567 MESH:D013687 MIAA:0000421 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA:62000]. PBA:128011350 Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.[AAO] TAO:0000079 The anterior and dorsal forebrain neuromere, includes the olfactory bulb. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The cerebrum of birds has evolved along different lines to that of mammals, although they are similarly enlarged, by comparison with reptiles. However, this enlargement is largely due to the basal ganglia, with the other areas remaining relatively primitive in structure. UBERON:0001893 UMLS:C0039452 VHOG:0000283 XAO:0000012 ZFA:0000079 cerebral cerebrum dolphins are the only species (other than humans) to have cerebra accounting for as much as 2 percent of their body weight. endbrain http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31 relationship loss: develops_from presumptive telencephalon (TAO:0000571)[TAO] supratentorial region telenencephalic uberon metencephalon Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[NIFSTD:birnlex_965]. BAMS:Met BTO:0000673 CALOHA:TS-2029 DHBA:10655 EHDAA2:0001149 EHDAA:5498 EMAPA:17071 FMA:62003 GAID:594 HBA:4833 MA:0000197 MESH:D020540 Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG] The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001895 UMLS:C0376353 UMLS:C1516904 VHOG:0000741 epencephalon epencephalon-2 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=543 the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA]. uberon medulla oblongata AAO:0010486 BAMS:MY BAMS:Md BM:Me BTO:0000041 CALOHA:TS-0607 Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] DMBA:17352 EFO:0000924 EHDAA2:0001088 EHDAA:7588 EMAPA:17550 EV:0100275 FMA:62004 GAID:590 MA:0000206 MAT:0000111 MAT:0000367 MBA:354 MESH:D008526 MIAA:0000111 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] TAO:0000545 The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] UBERON:0001896 UMLS:C0025148 UMLS:C1269575 VHOG:0000181 XAO:0003100 ZFA:0000545 bulb bulbus http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698 medulla medulla oblonzata metepencephalon uberon midbrain tegmentum 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN10:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum BAMS:MTg BTO:0003388 DHBA:12195 EFO:0000921 EHDAA2:0004475 EMAPA:18215 FMA:62393 HBA:9002 MA:0000212 MAT:0000452 MTg TAO:0000160 Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001943 UMLS:C0039441 VHOG:0001367 Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN10:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. XAO:0004271 ZFA:0000160 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=491 mesencephalic tegmentum tegmentum tegmentum mesencephali tegmentum mesencephalicum tegmentum of midbrain uberon blood plasma BTO:0000131 CALOHA:TS-0800 EFO:0001905 EMAPA:35690 FMA:62970 GAID:1178 MA:0002501 MAT:0000052 MESH:D010949 MIAA:0000052 OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. UBERON:0001969 UMLS:C0032105 blood plasm plasma portion of blood plasma portion of plasma uberon bile BTO:0000121 CALOHA:TS-1172 ENVO:02000023 FMA:62971 GAID:1157 In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. MA:0002513 MESH:D001646 UBERON:0001970 UMLS:C0005388 aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine bile salts function to emulsify dietary fats and facilitate their intestinal absorption elimination of cholesterol fel galen:Bile gall major excretory route for potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances many hormones and pheromones are excreted in bile, and contribute to growth and development of the intestine in some species and provide attractants for the weaning of non-human vertebrates protects the organism from enteric infections by excreting immune globulin A (IgA), inflammatory cytokines, and stimulating the innate immune system in the intestine uberon vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. venule BTO:0002626 EMAPA:35917 FMA:63130 MA:0000071 MESH:A07.231.432.952 Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins TAO:0005315 UBERON:0001979 UMLS:C0042520 VHOG:0001765 ZFA:0005315 uberon venula arteriole AAO:0010253 BTO:0001997 EMAPA:35146 FMA:63182 MA:0000063 MESH:D001160 Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] TAO:0002138 The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. UBERON:0001980 UMLS:C0003847 VHOG:0001763 ZFA:0005255 arteriola uberon blood vessel A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. AAO:0011004 AEO:0000207 Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] BTO:0001102 CALOHA:TS-0080 EFO:0000817 EHDAA2:0003252 EHDAA:240 EMAPA:32743 EMAPA:35993 FMA:50722 FMA:63183 FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX GAID:169 MA:0000060 MAT:0000393 MESH:D001808 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002137 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001981 UMLS:C0005847 VHOG:0001250 XAO:0001011 ZFA:0005314 annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids. consider adopting the EMAPA superclass 'vascular element', which includes microvasculature (e.g. capillaries), vascular plexus region of vascular tree organ uberon vas sanguineum vascular element vascular tree organ region capillary AAO:0010252 Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] BTO:0002045 CALOHA:TS-2006 EFO:0001906 EMAPA:35198 EV:0100035 FMA:63194 MA:0000065 MESH:A07.231.432.410 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005250 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001982 UMLS:C0935624 VHOG:0001253 XAO:0000116 ZFA:0005250 blood capillary capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs capillary vessel not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element uberon portal vein A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. BTO:0001792 CALOHA:TS-0814 EHDAA2:0001485 EHDAA:6510 EMAPA:17349 FMA:66645 GAID:540 MA:0002198 MESH:D011169 OpenCyc:Mx4rv_bem5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002017 UMLS:C0032718 VHOG:0000656 XAO:0000392 galen:PortalVein portal venous tree organ part uberon gray matter A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. AEO:0001012 EHDAA2:0003136 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004658 FMA:67242 HBA:4006 MA:0001112 Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rwDdKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002197 UBERON:0002020 UMLS:C0018220 VHOG:0001768 ZFA:0001681 gray mater gray matter gray matter of neuraxis grey matter grey matter of neuraxis grey substance grisea neuronal grey matter substantia grisea uberon hindbrain AAO:0010150 BAMS:HB BTO:0000672 CALOHA:TS-0457 DHBA:10653 DMBA:16808 EFO:0000923 EHDAA2:0000746 EHDAA:3514 EHDAA:6487 EMAPA:16916 FMA:67687 Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000195 MAT:0000107 MBA:1065 MESH:D012249 MIAA:0000107 Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] TAO:0000029 The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. UBERON:0002028 UMLS:C0035507 UMLS:C1522180 VHOG:0000070 XAO:0000015 ZFA:0000029 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=540 in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] rhombencephalic rhombencephalon uberon striated muscle tissue AAO:0010762 AEO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-2047 EHDAA2:0003140 EMAPA:36390 FMA:67905 MA:0002438 Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. OpenCyc:Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002036 UMLS:C1331262 Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] WBbt:0005779 galen:StriatedMuscle striated muscle uberon cerebellum AAO:0010485 BAMS:CB BAMS:Cb BM:CB BTO:0000232 CALOHA:TS-0125 DHBA:10656 Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO] EFO:0000327 EHDAA2:0000232 EMAPA:17787 EV:0100293 FMA:67944 GAID:595 HBA:4696 However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000198 MAT:0000110 MBA:512 MESH:D002531 MIAA:0000110 OpenCyc:Mx4rvl1eipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] TAO:0000100 The absence of a cerebellum in hagfishes and lampreys appears to be the only exception [to the rule that vertebrates possess the same number of brain divisions]. Both hagfishes and lampreys do possess a thin band of cells located medial to the lateral line centers of the medulla (Ronan and Northcutt, 1998), which has been interpreted as a primitive cerebellum (Larsell, 1967), but more recent experimental studies (Kishida et al., 1987; Weigle and Northcutt, 1998) fail to support Larsell's claim[http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743.full] UBERON:0002037 UMLS:C0007765 UMLS:C1268981 VHOG:0000024 XAO:0003098 ZFA:0000100 almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem cerebellar corpus cerebelli epencephalon-1 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=643 infratentorial region parencephalon uberon thyroid gland (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (2) a groove in the pharyngeal floor known as the endostyle, or a thyroid gland derived from part of the endostyle (...).[well established][VHOG] A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. AAO:0010544 BTO:0001379 CALOHA:TS-1047 EFO:0000861 EHDAA2:0002028 EHDAA:2148 EHDAA:2975 EMAPA:17068 EV:0100133 Either of paired structures located in the throat which develop from the ventral wall of the pharynx and excretes hormones involved in the morphological and functional changes during metamorphosis as well as influencing other tissues.[AAO] FMA:9603 GAID:465 In fish, it is usually located below the gills and is not always divided into distinct lobes. However, in some teleosts, patches of thyroid tissue are found elsewhere in the body, associated with the kidneys, spleen, heart, or eyes In larval lampreys, the thyroid originates as an exocrine gland, secreting its hormones into the gut, and associated with the larva's filter-feeding apparatus. In the adult lamprey, the gland separates from the gut, and becomes endocrine, but this path of development may reflect the evolutionary origin of the thyroid. For instance, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, the tunicates and Amphioxus, have a structure very similar to that of larval lampreys, and this also secretes iodine-containing compounds (albeit not thyroxine) In tetrapods, the thyroid is always found somewhere in the neck region. In most tetrapod species, there are two paired thyroid glands - that is, the right and left lobes are not joined together. However, there is only ever a single thyroid gland in most mammals, and the shape found in humans is common to many other species MA:0000129 MAT:0000081 MESH:D013961 MIAA:0000081 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002046 UMLS:C0040132 VHOG:0000418 XAO:0000162 galen:ThyroidGland glandula thyroidea thyroid uberon lung AAO:0000275 AAO:0010567 BTO:0000763 CALOHA:TS-0568 EFO:0000934 EHDAA2:0001042 EHDAA:1554 EHDAA:2205 EMAPA:16728 EV:0100042 Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] FMA:7195 GAID:345 Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] MA:0000415 MAT:0000135 MESH:D008168 MIAA:0000135 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus. Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] UBERON:0002048 UMLS:C0024109 VHOG:0000310 XAO:0000119 galen:Lung pulmo pulmonary respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi uberon vasculature An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. BTO:0003718 FMA:69050 TAO:0005249 UBERON:0002049 ZFA:0005249 see also: vascular system. Consider merging? uberon vascular vascular network embryonic structure AAO:0000138 Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] BILA:0000034 BTO:0000174 CALOHA:TS-2110 EFO:0000461 FBbt:00004208 FMA:69067 GAID:407 MESH:D004628 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 TAO:0001105 UBERON:0002050 UMLS:C0013948 VSAO:0000178 XAO:0003042 ZFA:0001105 developing embryonic structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic anatomical structure embryonic structures in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure uberon dermis A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] AAO:0000128 BTO:0000294 CALOHA:TS-2076 Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers EFO:0000953 EMAPA:17527 EV:0100154 FMA:70323 GAID:1321 MA:0000152 MAT:0000153 MESH:D020405 MIAA:0000153 TAO:0001119 The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. UBERON:0002067 UMLS:C0011646 VHOG:0000108 When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000217 ZFA:0001119 corium cutis dermal uberon vertebrate dermis hypodermis A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. BTO:0001314 CALOHA:TS-2366 FMA:70544 Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. TAO:0001136 UBERON:0002072 UMLS:C0278403 ZFA:0001136 hypoderm hypodermal sub-tegumental tissue subcutaneous subcutaneous tissue subcutaneus subcutis subtegumental tissue superficial fascia tela subcutanea uberon vertebrate hypodermis viscus AAO:0010386 An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. BTO:0001491 EHDAA:512 EMAPA:16245 FMA:7085 MA:0000019 MESH:D014781 Organsystem@ge RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 UBERON:0002075 UMLS:C0042779 XAO:0003034 general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. splanchnic tissue uberon viscera visceral organ visceral organ system visceral tissue postcranial axial skeleton AAO:0000034 EFO:0000942 EHDAA2:0000161 EHDAA:5049 EMAPA:17214 FMA:71221 MA:0002986 MAT:0000148 MIAA:0000148 Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] TAO:0000317 The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] The post-cranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. UBERON:0002090 VHOG:0000317 VSAO:0000093 XAO:0003073 ZFA:0000317 axial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton post-cranial axial skeleton previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed. uberon appendicular skeleton AAO:0000747 EFO:0000951 EMAPA:32729 FMA:71222 MA:0000290 MAT:0000278 MIAA:0000278 Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO] Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO] UBERON:0002091 UMLS:C0222646 VHOG:0001666 VSAO:0000076 XAO:0003166 appendicular skeleton entire appendicular skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved. paired fin skeleton skeleton appendiculare uberon skin of body BTO:0001253 CALOHA:TS-0934 EFO:0000962 EHDAA2:0001844 EMAPA:17525 FMA:7163 MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin MESH:D012867 MFMO:0000099 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. UBERON:0002097 UMLS:C1123023 XAO:0000023 consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates entire integument entire skin galen:Skin integument integumental organ pelt skin skin organ uberon trunk AAO:0010339 BILA:0000116 BTO:0001493 CALOHA:TS-1071 EFO:0000966 EMAPA:31857 FMA:7181 MA:0000004 MAT:0000296 MIAA:0000296 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkJjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] Rumpf TAO:0001115 UBERON:0002100 UMLS:C0460005 XAO:0000054 XAO:0003025 ZFA:0001115 galen:Trunk thoracolumbar region torso trunk region uberon limb A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts. AAO:0010336 AEO:0000172 CALOHA:TS-0552 EFO:0000876 EHDAA2:0003172 EHDAA:1697 EHDAA:8273 EMAPA:16405 FMA:24875 GAID:36 MA:0000007 MAT:0000090 MIAA:0000090 Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvn1uSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.[AAO] UBERON:0002101 UMLS:C0015385 VHOG:0000336 VSAO:0000121 XAO:0003027 extremities extremity flipper free limb galen:Extremity limb sensu vertebrata pentadactyl limb tetrapod limb uberon visual system AAO:0000632 BILA:0000140 EMAPA:36003 FMA:7191 MA:0002444 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001127 The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] UBERON:0002104 UBERON:0007036 UMLS:C0587900 XAO:0003198 ZFA:0001127 photosensory system uberon visual organ system vestibulo-auditory system AAO:0000631 EMAPA:36002 FMA:78500 Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. TAO:0001138 The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO] UBERON:0002105 XAO:0003195 ZFA:0001138 auditory organ system auditory system auditory/vestibular system uberon vestibuloauditory system vestibuloauditory system liver AAO:0010111 All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003). BTO:0000759 CALOHA:TS-0564 EFO:0000887 EHDAA2:0000997 EHDAA:2197 EMAPA:16846 EV:0100089 FMA:7197 GAID:288 MA:0000358 MAT:0000097 MESH:D008099 MIAA:0000097 Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] TAO:0000123 The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates. UBERON:0002107 UMLS:C0023884 VHOG:0000257 XAO:0000133 ZFA:0000123 galen:Liver hepatic iecur jecur relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. uberon small intestine AAO:0010397 BTO:0000651 CALOHA:TS-0942 EFO:0000841 EMAPA:32834 EV:0100072 FMA:7200 GAID:313 Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000337 MAT:0000047 MESH:A03.492.411.620 MIAA:0000047 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. TAO:0001323 The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] UBERON:0002108 UMLS:C0021852 VHOG:0000055 XAO:0000130 ZFA:0001323 anterior intestine galen:SmallIntestine intestinum tenue mid intestine small bowel small intestine uberon gall bladder AAO:0010114 An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. BTO:0000493 CALOHA:TS-0394 EFO:0000853 EHDAA2:0000699 EHDAA:8062 EMAPA:17202 EV:0100090 FMA:7202 MA:0000356 MAT:0000072 MESH:D005704 MIAA:0000072 Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO] Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988) TAO:0000208 The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002110 UMLS:C0016976 VHOG:0000221 XAO:0000135 ZFA:0000208 galen:Gallbladder gall bladder gallbladder relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] uberon vesica biliaris vesica fellea kidney A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. AAO:0000250 BTO:0000671 CALOHA:TS-0510 EFO:0000929 EMAPA:17373 EV:0100096 FMA:7203 GAID:423 MA:0000368 MAT:0000119 MESH:D007668 MIAA:0000119 One of either of a pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002113 UMLS:C0022646 XAO:0003267 galen:Kidney renal reniculate kidney uberon duodenum AAO:0010402 BTO:0000365 CALOHA:TS-0214 EFO:0000851 EMAPA:18852 EV:0100073 FMA:7206 GAID:284 In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. MA:0000338 MAT:0000044 MESH:A03.492.411.620.270 MIAA:0000044 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0002114 UMLS:C0013303 VHOG:0000052 XAO:0000236 duodenal galen:Duodenum proximal intestine uberon upper intestine pronephros A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the anterior region of the nephric ridge; forms only as a transient embryonic structure. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.748][VHOG] AAO:0011089 BTO:0001541 EFO:0000927 EHDAA2:0001570 EHDAA:1017 EMAPA:16579 FMA:72170 In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG] In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]. MAT:0000117 MIAA:0000117 Once the more complex mesonephros forms the pronephros undergoes apoptosis in amphibians. In fishes the nephron degenerates but the organ remains and becomes a component of the immune system[Wikipedia:Pronephros]. // TODO - check developmental relationships. Note that we previously include the ZFA/XAO terms under the more specific 'pronephric kidney', but these are now merged. TODO GCI: relationship: capable_of GO:0030104 Organ that serves as a transient kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages and then degenerating during metamorphosis.[AAO] TAO:0000151 The embryonic kidney, present at the level of the third somite, is composed of two glomeruli fused at the midline, two pronephric tubules, and paired bilateral pronephric ducts that modify the composition of the blood filtrate before delivering it to the cloaca for excretion.Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] UBERON:0002120 UBERON:0005794 UMLS:C0231048 VHOG:0000037 XAO:0002000 ZFA:0000151 archinephron embryonic kidney pronephric pronephric kidney pronephron uberon right lung EHDAA2:0001730 EHDAA:4969 EMAPA:17661 FMA:7309 Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000426 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002167 UMLS:C0225706 VHOG:0000301 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern uberon left lung EHDAA2:0000943 EHDAA:4947 EMAPA:17653 FMA:7310 Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000425 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002168 UMLS:C0225730 VHOG:0000618 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern uberon bronchus BTO:0001340 CALOHA:TS-1229 EFO:0000932 EMAPA:32689 EV:0100041 Each of the two primary divisions of the trachea leading respectively into the right and the left lung. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] FMA:7409 GAID:346 In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue MA:0000436 MAT:0000133 MESH:D001980 MIAA:0000133 UBERON:0002185 UMLS:C0006255 VHOG:0000262 XAO:0000121 bronchi bronchial bronchial tissue bronchial trunk the upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea uberon hemolymphoid system Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. CALOHA:TS-2018 EHDAA2:0004615 EMAPA:18765 FMA:74562 MA:0000013 UBERON:0002193 haemolymphoid system hematolymphoid system lymphomyeloid complex uberon integument AAO:0000239 Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] BTO:0000634 FMA:74657 Hautsystem@de Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] TAO:0000368 The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] UBERON:0002199 VSAO:0000029 ZFA:0000368 dermal system dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis dermoid system galen:Integument in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates; consider 'integumental system'. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition. integumental integumentary integumentum commune skin skin and subcutaneous tissue skin plus hypodermis tegument the integument uberon vertebrate integument vasculature of trunk A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:74712 TAO:0005024 UBERON:0002201 ZFA:0005024 torso vascular network torso vasculature trunk vascular network trunk vasculature uberon vascular network of torso vascular network of trunk vasculature of torso musculoskeletal system AAO:0010546 Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] CALOHA:TS-1311 EMAPA:32714 EV:0100139 FMA:7482 GAID:98 MA:0002418 MESH:D009141 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002204 UMLS:C0026860 VHOG:0001275 VSAO:0000031 XAO:0000168 musculo-skeletal system musculoskeletal uberon synovial joint AEO:0000183 CALOHA:TS-2138 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA] MA:0000322 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005153 UBERON:0002217 ZFA:0005153 articulatio synoviale diarthrodial joints diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint galen:SynovialJoint uberon thoracic cavity EMAPA:36497 FMA:7565 GAID:93 In many species, the diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities MA:0000032 MESH:A01.911.800 OpenCyc:Mx4rmvyleLfEEduAAAACs6hRXg OpenCyc:Mx4rvhU_TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. UBERON:0002224 UMLS:C0230139 cavitas thoracis cavity of chest cavity of thorax chest cavity pectoral cavity space of thoracic compartment thoracic lumen uberon spinal cord (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010151 BAMS:SP BAMS:Spinal BM:SpC BTO:0001279 CALOHA:TS-0953 DHBA:12890 DMBA:17651 EFO:0000110 EHDAA2:0001255 EHDAA:2863 EMAPA:17577 EV:0100316 FMA:7647 GAID:695 MA:0000216 MAT:0000183 MESH:D013116 MIAA:0000183 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO) Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] SpC TAO:0000075 TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC? UBERON:0002240 UMLS:C0037925 VHOG:0000601 XAO:0000020 ZFA:0000075 cerebro-cerebellar fissure cerebrocerebellar fissure fissura cerebro-cerebellaris fissura cerebrocerebellaris http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=22 medulla spinalis spinal cord structure spinal medulla uberon olfactory organ AAO:0010180 An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ. BTO:0001772 FBbt:00005158 FMA:77659 UBERON:0002268 VHOG:0000287 XAO:0000273 fma general anatomical term. xao has no subtypes (but Johnstons organ develops from this). An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint main olfactory organ olfactory neuroepithelium olfactory organ olfactory sense organ olfactory sensory organ organ olfactus organum olfactorium primary olfactory organ uberon biliary system FMA:79646 GAID:279 MA:0001273 MESH:D001659 Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). UBERON:0002294 biliary apparatus biliary tract uberon brainstem 'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN10:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions). BAMS:BS BTO:0000146 CALOHA:TS-0093 EFO:0001962 EMAPA:32678 EV:0100241 FMA:79876 MA:0000169 MBA:343 MESH:D001933 Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. TAO:0002156 UBERON:0002298 UMLS:C0006121 VHOG:0001457 ZFA:0001707 accessory medullary lamina of pallidum brain stem http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=236 lamella pallidi incompleta lamina medullaris accessoria lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi lamina pallidi incompleta the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] truncus encephali truncus encephalicus uberon coelemic cavity lumen AEO:0000186 Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. BTO:0001707 EHDAA2:0000267 FBbt:00005060 FMA:85006 In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186 TAO:0001438 The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. UBERON:0000169 UBERON:0002323 UMLS:C0333343 ZFA:0001438 body cavity celom check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct coelom coelome coelomic cavity coelomic cavity lumen galen:BodyCavity hemocoel main body cavity space of body compartment uberon ventral body cavity notochord (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. AAO:0000327 Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] BTO:0001768 CALOHA:TS-0690 EHDAA2:0001277 EHDAA:1241 EHDAA:6021 EMAPA:16191 EV:0100002 FMA:85521 GAID:1311 In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord. MAT:0000281 MESH:A16.254.610 Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] TAO:0000135 The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB] UBERON:0002328 UMLS:C0028439 VHOG:0000199 VSAO:0000032 XAO:0000055 ZFA:0000135 embryonic notocord notochorda notochordal notocord relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] uberon somite (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010569 AEO:0001015 BTO:0001558 EHDAA2:0003436 EHDAA:366 EHDAA:699 EMAPA:31169 FMA:85522 GAID:1306 MAT:0000068 MESH:A16.254.425.660.750 MIAA:0000068 Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. TAO:0000155 UBERON:0002329 UMLS:C0376449 Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] VHOG:0000191 When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248] XAO:0000058 ZFA:0000155 currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest. Consider making 'somitic mesoderm' a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk epimere epimere mesoderm epithelial somite mesodermal cluster relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] somites somitic somitic mesoderm somitus uberon exocrine system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. CALOHA:TS-2057 EHDAA2:0002225 EMAPA:35329 FMA:85539 MA:0002411 UBERON:0002330 UMLS:C1516995 WikipediaCategory:Exocrine_system exocrine glandular system uberon neural crest A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] AAO:0010578 BTO:0001764 CALOHA:TS-0676 EHDAA2:0004419 EMAPA:32737 FMA:86666 GAID:1310 Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells. MAT:0000066 MESH:A16.254.600 MIAA:0000066 Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] NC TAO:0000045 UBERON:0002342 UMLS:C0027789 VHOG:0000057 We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000048 ZFA:0000045 consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). crista neuralis neural crest material uberon neurectoderm (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011074 BILA:0000039 CALOHA:TS-1212 EHDAA2:0001248 EHDAA:1498 EHDAA:255 EMAPA:16073 EV:0100004 Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. FBbt:00001061 FMA:87657 MAT:0000176 MIAA:0000176 TAO:0001120 UBERON:0002346 UMLS:C1518271 VHOG:0000150 XAO:0000042 ZFA:0001120 epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma neuaral ectoderm neural ectoderm neurectodermal neuroectoderm presumptive central nervous system uberon ventral neurogenic region we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here myocardium AAO:0010410 BSA:0000089 BTO:0000901 CALOHA:TS-0440 EFO:0000819 EHDAA2:0004150 EMAPA:32688 EV:0100022 FMA:9462 GAID:173 MA:0000164 MAT:0000453 MESH:D009206 OpenCyc:Mx4ro36AFrCvEduAAAAOpmP6tw RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220 Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] TAO:0001319 TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO] UBERON:0002349 UMLS:C0027061 VHOG:0000083 XAO:0000065 ZFA:0001319 cardiac muscle galen:Myocardium heart muscle heart myocardium muscle of heart myocardial the middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers uberon conducting system of heart EFO:0003909 EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue EHDAA2:0004185 EMAPA:35428 EV:0100025 FMA:9476 MA:0000094 MESH:D006329 TAO:0005063 The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO] The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0002350 VHOG:0001271 ZFA:0005063 cardiac conducting system cardiac conduction system cardiac impulse conducting system cardionector central conduction system complexus stimulans cordis heart conduction system impulse conducting system systema conducente cordis uberon pelvic region of trunk BTO:0001006 CALOHA:TS-2227 EFO:0002805 EMAPA:35931 EV:0100012 FMA:9578 GAID:87 MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs MA:0000030 MESH:A01.673 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. UBERON:0002355 UMLS:C0030797 galen:Pelvis lesser pelvis pelvic pelvic region pelvis pelvis region true pelvis uberon exocrine gland A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas AEO:0000097 BTO:0000765 CALOHA:TS-2012 Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses EHDAA2:0003097 EMAPA:35327 FMA:9596 GAID:34 MA:0002564 MESH:D005088 UBERON:0002365 UMLS:C0015282 ducted gland glandula exocrina uberon endocrine gland AEO:0000098 BTO:0001488 CALOHA:TS-1300 EHDAA2:0003098 EMAPA:35999 Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. FMA:9602 GAID:335 MA:0002563 MESH:D004702 OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkiRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002368 UMLS:C0014133 ductless gland ductless gland glandula endocrina glandulae endocrinae uberon bone marrow AAO:0011007 BTO:0000141 BTO:0000829 CALOHA:TS-0087 EFO:0000868 EMAPA:32760 EV:0100046 FMA:9608 GAID:1287 In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[Wikipedia:Bone_marrow] MA:0000134 MAT:0000084 MESH:D001853 MIAA:0000084 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002371 UMLS:C0005953 VHOG:0001218 XAO:0000123 galen:BoneMarrow medulla of bone medulla ossea medulla ossium the soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones uberon connective tissue AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 Bindegewebe CALOHA:TS-2009 EFO:0000952 EMAPA:35251 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA also has set of connective tissues MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:D003238 MIAA:0000301 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] TAO:0001641 Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] UBERON:0002384 UMLS:C0009780 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 galen:ConnectiveTissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus uberon muscle tissue AAO:0000306 AEO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0642 EHDAA2:0003122 EMAPA:32715 FMA:9641 MA:0002437 MESH:D009132 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] UBERON:0002385 UMLS:C2328219 Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. galen:MuscleTissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis uberon hematopoietic system AAO:0011002 Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. BTO:0000570 Blutbildungssystem CALOHA:TS-0449 EFO:0000798 EMAPA:35402 EV:0100045 FMA:9667 GAID:1008 In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes MA:0002434 MAT:0000022 MESH:D006413 MIAA:0000022 TAO:0005023 UBERON:0002390 UMLS:C0018957 VHOG:0001624 XAO:0000122 ZFA:0005023 Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] haematological system haematopoietic system haemopoietic system hematological system hematolymphoid system hematopoietic hemopoietic system organa haemopoietica uberon bile duct (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] A duct that carries bile from the liver to the intestine. AAO:0011019 Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG] BTO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0075 EHDAA2:0000741 EMAPA:35171 EV:0100091 FMA:9706 GAID:280 MA:0000354 MESH:D001652 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCds5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001100 UBERON:0002394 UMLS:C0005400 VHOG:0000212 XAO:0000134 ZFA:0001100 bile tube biliary duct gall duct hepatic duct uberon we place the ZFA class here as this fits its textual definition and child nodes. We may recommend a label change for ZFA immune system AAO:0011003 Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. BILA:0000104 FMA:9825 GAID:328 MA:0002711 MESH:D007107 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNkm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001159 The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002405 UMLS:C0020962 VHOG:0001247 XAO:0003152 ZFA:0001159 uberon integumental system (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] AEO:0000154 BILA:0000118 CALOHA:TS-1299 CARO:0002001 Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. EFO:0000807 EHDAA2:0000836 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003154 EHDAA:6520 EMAPA:17524 EV:0100151 FBbt:00004969 FMA:72979 HAO:0000421 MA:0000014 MAT:0000033 MESH:D034582 MIAA:0000033 TADS:0000108 UBERON:0002416 UBERON:0007029 UMLS:C0037267 VHOG:0000403 XAO:0000176 body surface dermal system external covering of organism galen:Surface integumentary system integumentum commune organism surface surface uberon abdominal segment of trunk EMAPA:35104 FMA:259211 MA:0000021 The abdominal segment of the torso. UBERON:0002417 abdomen/pelvis/perineum lower body lower trunk lumbar region uberon cartilage tissue A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] AAO:0000060 AEO:0000087 BTO:0000206 EFO:0000949 EHDAA2:0003087 EMAPA:32730 EV:0100141 FMA:37377 GAID:99 MA:0000104 MAT:0000189 MESH:D002356 MIAA:0000189 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjeOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W] Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] TAO:0001501 UBERON:0002418 UMLS:C0007301 VHOG:0001207 VSAO:0000040 XAO:0000170 ZFA:0005622 cartilage cartilage tissue cartilages cartilaginous tissue chondrogenic tissue galen:Cartilage portion of cartilage tissue relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] uberon hepatobiliary system AAO:0011056 CALOHA:TS-1308 EFO:0000800 EHDAA2:0000998 EHDAA:2189 EMAPA:16840 EV:0100088 MA:0000324 MAT:0000024 MIAA:0000024 System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator]. TAO:0000036 The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct [GO:0061008] The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system UBERON:0002423 UMLS:C1711359 VHOG:0000294 XAO:0000132 ZFA:0000036 hepaticobiliary system liver and biliary system liver/biliary system uberon limb bone A bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0000945 MAT:0000151 MIAA:0000151 NCITA includes clavicle. MA:'limb bone' is actually a bone of limb or girdle UBERON:0002428 UMLS:C0582791 bone of extremity bone of limb free limb bone the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids uberon autopod region BTO:0004359 EFO:0000877 EMAPA:32722 FMA:83015 MA:0002714 MAT:0000091 MIAA:0000091 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group; note that this refers to the limb segment, not just the skeleton. Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot UBERON:0002470 UMLS:C0687080 autopod autopodial element autopodial limb segment autopodial segment autopodium autopodium region distal free limb segment distal segment of free limb distal segment of limb manus/pes paw paw/hand/foot/hoof pod uberon zeugopod EFO:0000878 FMA:83016 MA:0002716 MAT:0000092 MIAA:0000092 The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus). There exists some controversy about which podial segments are present in some fishes, e.g. if the autopod is not newly evolved in tetrapods, there is a question as to which segments are actually present in basal vertebrate taxa.[PHENOSCAPE:curators] UBERON:0002471 epipodium middle free limb segment middle limb segment middle part of limb middle segment of free limb uberon zeugopod limb segment zeugopodial zeugopodial limb segment zeugopodium zygopod zygopodium stylopod EFO:0000879 FMA:83014 MA:0002717 MAT:0000093 MIAA:0000093 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton. UBERON:0002472 propodium proximal free limb segment proximal part of limb proximal segment of free limb stylopodial stylopodial limb segment stylopodium uberon bone tissue CALOHA:TS-2011 EMAPA:35179 FMA:224804 MA:0002780 MESH:D001842 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] UBERON:0002481 UMLS:C0391978 VSAO:0000047 XAO:0004040 ZFA:0005621 bone calcium tissue galen:BoneTissue mineralized bone tissue osseous tissue osteogenic tissue portion of bone tissue see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/27 uberon long bone BTO:0004256 EMAPA:35503 Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251] FMA:7474 Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO:wd]. MA:0002802 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6axr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002495 UMLS:C0222647 galen:LongBone os longum uberon endochondral bone AAO:0010776 AEO:0000083 BTO:0002157 EHDAA2:0003083 FMA:24321 Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO] TAO:0001591 UBERON:0002513 VSAO:0000145 XAO:0004018 ZFA:0001591 cartilaginous bone endochondral bones https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern ossified chondrogenic bone placement in this class to be inferred some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral uberon limb segment A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z FMA:241863 MA:0002889 TODO - align this with the CARO2 class 'appendage segment'; note the FMA class does not appear to require repetition UBERON:0002529 UMLS:C1268195 extremity part free limb segment limb region region of limb segment of limb subdivision of limb uberon gland AAO:0000212 AEO:0000096 BTO:0000522 Druese EFO:0000797 EHDAA2:0003096 EHDAA:2161 EHDAA:4475 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:18425 FBbt:00100317 FMA:7146 FMA:86294 HAO:0000375 MA:0003038 MAT:0000021 MIAA:0000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3vyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002530 UBERON:MIAA_0000021 UMLS:C1285092 WikipediaCategory:Glands an organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ galen:Gland glandula glandular glandular organ uberon paired fin bud An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. EFO:0003468 Embryonic surface structure that develops into a paired fin.[ZFA] MAT:0000062 MIAA:0000062 TAO:0001383 UBERON:0002531 VSAO:0000179 ZFA:0001383 fin bud fin buds uberon epiblast (generic) BTO:0004593 FMA:296704 In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA] In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] MAT:0000067 MIAA:0000067 MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class UBERON:0002532 VHOG:0000243 blastocyst ectoblast epiblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm uberon paired fin Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism. TAO:0002278 UBERON:0002534 VSAO:0000111 ZFA:0005596 artioptérygie@fr nageoire paire@fr pelvic/pectoral fin uberon pharyngeal arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010359 BTO:0001785 EFO:0000959 EHDAA:571 EMAPA:16117 FMA:293015 GAID:1292 MAT:0000242 MESH:A16.254.160 MIAA:0000242 Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. TAO:0001306 UBERON:0002539 UMLS:C0080322 VHOG:0000155 XAO:0000096 ZFA:0001306 arcus pharyngei branchial arch pharyngeal arches uberon visceral arch digit A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans). AAO:0011126 EFO:0000881 EMAPA:32725 FMA:85518 MA:0000690 MAT:0000285 MIAA:0000285 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzLD_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Our reinterpretation of the distal fin endoskeleton of Panderichthys removes the final piece of evidence supporting the formerly popular hypothesis that tetrapod digits are wholly new structures without homologues in sarcopterygian fish fins. This hypothesis, which was based partly on the complete absence of plausible digit homologues in Panderichthys (then the closest known relative of tetrapods), has already been called into question by the discovery of digit-like radials in Tiktaalik and the fact that Hox gene expression patterns closely resembling those associated with digit formation in tetrapods occur in the distal fin skeletons of paddlefish and Australian lungfish. Our new data show that Panderichthys is not an anomaly: like Tiktaalik and other fish members of the Tetrapodomorpha, it has distal radials that can be interpreted as digit homologues.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002544 UMLS:C0582802 VHOG:0000944 XAO:0003032 acropodial unit digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue digital galen:Digit limb digit this class represents the entire organism subdivision encompassing soft tissue as well as the underlying skeletal framework. The class represents the phalangeal part only - historically the term 'digit' has also been used to represent the unit consisting of a series of phalanges together with a metapodial bone. We may in future relabel this class to avoid confusion with this concept, but the class will continue to represent the phalangeal portion uberon cranial placode AAO:0010466 Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons EFO:0001650 Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. MAT:0000369 MIAA:0000369 The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. UBERON:0002546 XAO:0000305 cranial placodes placode to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass. Do not merge. uberon anatomical cavity Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. FMA:67552 MA:0002447 UBERON:0002553 cavity galen:Cavity uberon regional part of brain Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. FMA:55676 UBERON:0002616 UMLS:C0445620 anatomical structure of brain biological structure of brain brain anatomical structure brain biological structure brain part neuraxis segment neuroanatomical region segment of brain uberon olfactory placode A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. AAO:0011076 EFO:0003420 EHDAA2:0001232 EHDAA:1504 EMAPA:16543 FMA:293971 Olfactory placodes are the only ectodermal placodes to produce glia, a cell type typically derived from neural crest // Note that NBK53171 classifies this as non-neurogenic TAO:0000048 UBERON:0003050 VHOG:0000186 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (2) neurogenic placodes (...).[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000005 ZFA:0000048 nasal I placode nasal placode olfactory placodes placoda nasalis placoda olfactoria uberon midbrain-hindbrain boundary AAO:0011064 DMBA:16810 EHDAA2:0004395 EHDAA:5789 EMAPA:32857 Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] MHB TAO:0000042 The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. UBERON:0003052 VHOG:0000649 XAO:0000016 ZFA:0000042 consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure isthmic organizer territory isthmo-cerebellar region isthmus isthmus/MHB mid-hindbrain boundary mid-hindbrain junction midbrain hindbrain boundary uberon periderm A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. EHDAA2:0001846 EHDAA:6538 EVL FMA:295662 In mice, the first non-basal layer formed at ~E9.5; it is a temporary structure composed of simple squamous epithelium that serves as the first barrier to the embryo's physical environment, exists throughout the entire keratinocyte stratification process, and sheds off at ~E17, when it is replaced by corneocytes[MP] In some mammals, Eyelid Fusion is thought to be driven by a population of cells which are derived from the periderm, the outermost layer of the developing epidermis Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html) TAO:0001185 The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] UBERON:0003055 UMLS:C1518973 VHOG:0001680 XAO:0000029 ZFA:0001185 epidermis epithelial layer epidermis outer layer epitrichium periderm relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] skin periderm uberon pre-chordal neural plate (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011084 TAO:0007016 The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. UBERON:0003056 VHOG:0001200 XAO:0000045 ZFA:0007016 anterior neural plate uberon chordal neural plate (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0007017 The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. UBERON:0003057 VHOG:0001201 XAO:0000046 ZFA:0007017 posterior neural plate uberon presomitic mesoderm AAO:0011086 EFO:0001982 EMAPA:16189 EMAPA:16752 It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] PSM TAO:0000279 UBERON:0003059 Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] VHOG:0000559 XAO:0000057 ZFA:0000279 presumptive somite mesoderm segmental plate somitogenic mesoderm somitomeric mesoderm uberon unsegmented mesenchyme unsegmented paraxial mesoderm pronephric duct (...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011088 Duct of the embryonic kidney, present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the anal region where it empties separately from, and just posterior to the anus. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]. TAO:0000150 The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney[GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647339, XAO:0000063, ZFA:0000150] UBERON:0003060 UMLS:C1283945 VHOG:0000082 XAO:0000063 ZFA:0000150 archinephric duct ductus pronephricus pronephric ducts uberon blood island AAO:0011006 Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. EFO:0003489 EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac EHDAA:207 Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0000094 TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 UBERON:0003061 UMLS:C1511224 VBI VHOG:0000085 XAO:0000067 ZFA:0000094 blood islands caudal hematopoietic tissue posterior ICM posterior blood island relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] uberon ventral blood island ventral lateral plate mesoderm intermediate mesoderm (...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010575 EMAPA:16056 EMAPA:16178 FMA:293147 IM Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO] TAO:0001206 The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. UBERON:0003064 UMLS:C1284010 VHOG:0000087 XAO:0000085 ZFA:0001206 all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). intermediate mesenchyme intermediate plate intermediate plate mesoderm mesenchyma intermedium uberon pharyngeal arch 2 2 2nd arch 2nd pharyngeal arch 2nd visceral arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010363 EHDAA2:0000050 EHDAA:611 EMAPA:16272 FMA:293017 TAO:0001596 The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] The second pharyngeal arch will form the hyoid apparatus. The cranial neural crest cells that populate the second pharyngeal arch emerge primarily from rhombomere 4 and will form skeletal elements. UBERON:0003066 VHOG:0000297 XAO:0000098 ZFA:0001611 arcus pharyngeus secundus branchial arch 2 hyoid arch hyoid bars in XAO, develops from visceral pouch 2 pharyngeal arch 2 pharyngeal arches 2 second branchial arch second pharyngeal arch second visceral arch uberon visceral arch 2 axial mesoderm AAO:0011017 EFO:0003647 TAO:0001204 The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] UBERON:0003068 VHOG:0000107 XAO:0000205 ZFA:0001204 chordamesoderm uberon mesonephric duct (...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000637 Anatomical structure consisting of either of a pair of longitudinal ducts which carry urine and in males, sperm, to the cloaca.[AAO] Consider adding subclasses for male and female specific variants EHDAA2:0001243 EHDAA:1590 EMAPA:16577 GAID:1315 In the male the Wolffian duct persists, and forms for example the epididymis, the ductus deferens, the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle and efferent ducts. Leydig's duct MESH:A16.254.940 Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]. TAO:0000546 TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] UBERON:0003074 UMLS:C0043204 VHOG:0000082 Wolffian duct XAO:0000242 ZFA:0000546 archinephric duct ductus mesonephricus; ductus Wolffi renal duct uberon neural plate (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA] AAO:0011072 BTO:0001765 DHBA:10153 DMBA:15565 EHDAA:346 EHDAA:902 EMAPA:35593 FMA:293879 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 TAO:0000132 The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] UBERON:0003075 UMLS:C0920623 VHOG:0000068 XAO:0000249 ZFA:0000132 lamina neuralis presumptive central nervous system uberon posterior neural tube (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011082 TAO:0007037 UBERON:0003076 VHOG:0001383 XAO:0000250 ZFA:0007037 uberon paraxial mesoderm AAO:0010568 EFO:0003515 EMAPA:16183 EMAPA:16751 FMA:293145 Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] TAO:0000255 The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO] UBERON:0003077 UMLS:C1284009 VHOG:0000114 XAO:0000259 ZFA:0000255 mesoderma paraxiale note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) paraxial mesenchyme somitic mesoderm uberon anterior neural tube (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011012 TAO:0007038 TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages UBERON:0003080 VHOG:0001384 XAO:0000307 ZFA:0007038 uberon lateral plate mesoderm A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010574 EHDAA2:0000919 EHDAA:379 EMAPA:16179 FMA:293149 LPM Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. TAO:0000121 The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] UBERON:0003081 UBERON:0006258 UMLS:C1517749 VHOG:0000118 XAO:0000311 ZFA:0000121 lateral mesoderm lateral plate lateral plate mesenchyme mesoderma laminae lateralis subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. uberon myotome A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. AAO:0011067 AEO:0001018 BTO:0000742 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003431 EHDAA:1721 EHDAA:1727 EHDAA:1733 EHDAA:1739 EMAPA:32841 FMA:295658 In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG] Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] TAO:0001056 The term 'myotome' is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class, myomere. UBERON:0003082 UMLS:C1513802 VHOG:0001244 XAO:0000315 ZFA:0001056 muscle plate myomere myomeres myotome region myotomes myotomus uberon heart primordium AAO:0011044 BTO:0001887 Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. TAO:0000028 The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] UBERON:0003084 UMLS:C1514450 XAO:0000336 ZFA:0000028 cardiac field fused heart primordium relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] should probably be merged with heart rudiment. uberon sclerotome AAO:0010571 AEO:0000212 EHDAA2:0003439 EMAPA:31159 FMA:295652 Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] TAO:0001080 The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0003089 UMLS:C0183176 VHOG:0000680 Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. XAO:0000397 ZFA:0001080 part_of somite in XAO sclerotomes sclerotomus uberon thyroid primordium AAO:0011106 BTO:0004709 EHDAA2:0002033 EHDAA:952 EMAPA:16361 In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch Note that we follow EHDAA2 in dividing this into endoderm and mesenchyme. In this ontology we place the broad developmental relationship at this level, and include specific relationships to the pharyngeal endoderm at the level of the endoderm Portion of tissue part of the pharyngeal endoderm that is fated to become thyroid follicle[ZFIN:curator]. TAO:0001081 The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus. UBERON:0003091 UMLS:C1519512 XAO:0000444 ZFA:0001081 thyroid primordia uberon cranial neural crest AAO:0010580 Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] CNC EFO:0003645 EHDAA2:0004420 EMAPA:16091 Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] TAO:0001194 UBERON:0003099 VHOG:0000063 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] XAO:0001001 ZFA:0001194 cephalic neural crest cranial NCC population crista neuralis cranialis head NCC population head crest head neural crest neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. uberon female organism AAO:0010030 BILA:0000028 CARO:0000028 FBbt:00007011 FMA:67812 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. HAO:0000028 TAO:0000303 TGMA:0001839 UBERON:0003100 XAO:0003005 ZFA:0000303 female female human body uberon male organism AAO:0010033 BILA:0000027 CARO:0000027 FBbt:00007004 FMA:67811 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. HAO:0000027 TAO:0000242 TGMA:0001838 UBERON:0003101 WBbt:0007850 XAO:0003006 ZFA:0000242 male male human body uberon surface structure AAO:0010337 AEO_RETIRED:0000010 Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] TAO:0000292 UBERON:0003102 VSAO:0000001 XAO:0003028 ZFA:0000292 anatomical surface feature galen:SurfaceRegion surface feature surface region surface structures uberon compound organ AAO:0010015 AEO:0000024 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. BILA:0000024 CARO:0000024 EHDAA2:0003024 HAO:0000024 TADS:0000598 TAO:0000496 TGMA:0001837 UBERON:0003103 VHOG:0001723 XAO:0003041 ZFA:0000496 organ this class was introduced for consistency with CARO. However, in this ontology we typically classify organs directly under 'organ' rather than subdividing into compound and simple organs uberon mesenchyme A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] AAO:0010427 AEO:0000145 BTO:0001393 CALOHA:TS-0620 EHDAA2:0003145 EV:0100007 Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]. TAO:0000393 UBERON:0003104 UMLS:C0162415 VHOG:0000170 XAO:0003046 ZFA:0000393 mesenchyma mesenchymal mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme tissue portion of mesenchymal tissue portion of mesenchyme tissue the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense uberon pharyngeal arch 3 3 3rd arch 3rd pharyngeal arch 3rd visceral arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010365 EHDAA2:0000069 EHDAA:1080 EMAPA:16399 FMA:293029 TAO:0001598 The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, contains the first aortic arch.[AAO] The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus. UBERON:0003114 VHOG:0000298 XAO:0000447 ZFA:0001606 branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first gill arch gill arch 1 in XAO, called branchial arch 1 and df VP3 third pharyngeal arch third visceral arch uberon visceral arch 3 trachea AAO:0010140 An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO] BTO:0001388 CALOHA:TS-1060 EFO:0000935 EHDAA2:0002066 EHDAA:3078 EMAPA:16853 EV:0100040 FMA:7394 GAID:361 In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx. In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000441 MAT:0000137 MESH:D014132 MIAA:0000137 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. UBERON:0003126 UMLS:C0040578 VHOG:0000371 XAO:0000118 cartilaginous trachea in mouse 15-18 C-rings, 15-20 in human. tracheal tracheal tubule uberon vertebrate trachea windpipe reproductive organ An organ involved in reproduction EMAPA:17381 GO uses genitalia for the singular organ MA:0001752 MESH:D005835 OpenCyc:Mx4rwO39aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000591 UBERON:0003133 UMLS:C0017420 WBbt:0008422 genital organ genitalia reproductive system organ sex organ uberon metanephric mesenchyme A mass of intermediate mesodermal cells around the distal end of the ureteric bud that gives rise to nephrons in the metanephric kidney. [TFD][VHOG] EHDAA2:0004062 EHDAA:4041 EHDAA:5021 EHDAA:5915 EMAPA:17208 EMAPA:17375 EMAPA:29990 Genes: The positional specification of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme is negatively regulated by Foxc1 and Foxc2. Next the permanent kidney forming metanephrogenic mesenchyme is specified by Hox11 genes. The competence to respond to ureteric bud inducers is regulated by WT1. GDNF secretion restricted to posterior region by Robo2 and Sprouty1. The receptors for GDNF are synthesized in the nephric ducts and later in ureteric buds [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"] UBERON:0003220 VHOG:0000540 When the ureteric buds emerge from the nephric duct, they enter the metanephrogenic mesenchyme. The ureteric buds induce this mesenchymal tissue to condense around them and differentiate into the nephrons of the mammalian kidney. As this mesenchyme differentiates, it tells the ureteric bud to branch and grow.[well established][VHOG] metanephric blastema metanephric mesoderm metanephrogenic mesenchyme metanephros associated mesenchyme one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO] uberon phalanx CALOHA:TS-2211 EMAPA:32614 Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits. FMA:321661 In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three MA:0000304 OpenCyc:Mx4rvolPZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003221 UMLS:C0222682 VSAO:0000199 digit long bone galen:Phalanx long bone of digit phalange phalangeal phalanges phalanx bone uberon endoderm of foregut An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004568 EHDAA:524 TODO - check UBERON:0003258 foregut endoderm uberon gland of foregut A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000567 EHDAA:950 EMAPA:16557 UBERON:0003294 VHOG:0000650 foregut gland uberon epithelium of mucosa A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 UBERON:0003350 lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae lies on top of lamina propria uberon gland of gut A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18815 MA:0003202 UBERON:0003408 digestive tract gland gland of digestive tract gland of lower gastrointestinal tract gut gland lower gastrointestinal tract gland uberon heart blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35397 MA:0002483 UBERON:0003498 blood vessel of heart cardiac blood vessel uberon arterial blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. EMAPA:35144 MA:0000061 UBERON:0003509 only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta. uberon trunk blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000511 UBERON:0003513 blood vessel of torso blood vessel of trunk torso blood vessel uberon limb long bone A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35495 MA:0000298 UBERON:0003606 long bone of limb uberon limb joint Any joint that is part of a (free) limb. EMAPA:36501 FMA:321558 MA:0000691 Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses UBERON:0003657 galen:LimbJoint joint of limb joint of limb skeletal system skeletal limb joint uberon extrahepatic bile duct FMA:14678 GAID:281 MA:0002659 MESH:D017734 Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. UBERON:0003703 UMLS:C0206187 bile duct extrahepatic part extrahepatic biliary system includes all the cystic duct, all the common bile duct and the extrahapetic part of the hepatic duct uberon intrahepatic bile duct Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO] FMA:15766 GAID:287 MA:0001630 MESH:D001653 Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. TAO:0005169 UBERON:0003704 UMLS:C0005401 ZFA:0005169 bile duct intrahepatic part includes the hepatic duct of the caudate lobe, and the intra- and inter- lobar bile ducts intrahepatic biliary system uberon neural tissue AAO:0000325 AEO:0000123 EHDAA2:0003123 FMA definition includes vasculature FMA:9642 GAID:609 MESH:D009417 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rVmfYCsQ_QdeM_bFAeS8NRQ Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. UBERON:0003714 UMLS:C0027757 nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue uberon metapodium bone A bone of the metapodial skeleton MA:0000301 UBERON:0003821 metacarpal or metatarsal bone metacarpal/metatarsal metacarpal/metatarsal bone metapodi bone metapodial bone metapodium bone uberon thoracic segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000558 UBERON:0003834 blood vessel of thorax thorax blood vessel uberon upper body blood vessel autopod joint A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35160 MA:0002715 UBERON:0003841 autopod joint of limb autopod limb joint distal free limb segment joint of limb distal free limb segment limb joint joint of limb of autopod joint of limb of distal free limb segment limb joint of autopod limb joint of distal free limb segment paw joint uberon neural tube lumen (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011073 An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. EHDAA2:0001269 EHDAA:2889 EHDAA:914 EMAPA:16167 EMAPA:16533 UBERON:0003842 UBERON:0005713 VHOG:0001119 XAO:0000252 cavity of neural tube central lumen lumen of neural tube neural lumen neural tube neural lumen neurocoel prosencoel uberon mesencephalic neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. EFO:0003591 EHDAA2:0001101 EHDAA:360 TAO:0000935 UBERON:0003849 VHOG:0000796 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] ZFA:0000935 mesencephalic neural crest neural crest midbrain uberon telencephalon neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a telencephalon. Cranial neural crest that is part of the telencephalon.[TAO] EFO:0003574 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001991 TAO:0000812 UBERON:0003850 VHOG:0000799 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] ZFA:0000812 neural crest telencephalon uberon rhombencephalon neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] EHDAA2:0001628 EHDAA:362 EMAPA:35747 TAO:0007063 UBERON:0003852 VHOG:0001210 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] ZFA:0007063 neural crest hindbrain rhombencephalic neural crest rhombomere neural crest uberon spinal cord neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. EHDAA:696 EMAPA:16163 EMAPA:16529 EMAPA:16881 UBERON:0003853 VHOG:0001006 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] neural crest spinal cord spinal neural crest uberon presumptive ganglion A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. UBERON:0003869 uberon future coelemic cavity lumen An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. UBERON:0003886 body cavity precursor uberon intraembryonic coelom (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA:251 EMAPA:16088 The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom UBERON:0003887 UMLS:C1512940 VHOG:0000316 consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults somatic coelom uberon liver primordium A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. AAO:0011058 BTO:0003391 EFO:0002577 EFO:0003428 EHDAA2:0000744 EHDAA:973 EMAPA:16847 TAO:0000124 UBERON:0003894 UMLS:C0734013 UMLS:C1514451 XAO:0003266 ZFA:0000124 consider adding further subdivisions of the endoderm, e.g. ventral foregut. Note we place two EFO classes here, it's not clear how they differ embryological hepatic plate hepatic plate liver bud liver endoderm primordium of the liver uberon epithelial tube AEO:0000114 EHDAA2:0003114 Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. FBbt:00007474 UBERON:0003914 contrast with a multi-tissue tube, which has as parts both epithelium, connective tissue, possibly muscle layers epithelial or endothelial tube uberon kidney mesenchyme Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. UBERON:0003918 check this mesenchyme of kidney uberon venous blood vessel A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart Compare to: vein EMAPA:35932 FMA:86188 MA:0000066 UBERON:0003920 segment of venous tree organ uberon venous tree organ segment pancreas primordium EFO:0002579 EFO:0003434 EHDAA2:0001382 EHDAA:2163 EMAPA:17066 FMA:79792 TAO:0000254 UBERON:0003921 XAO:0001101 ZFA:0000254 embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds pancreatic anlage pancreatic endoderm pancreatic primordium primordial pancreas revisit after standardizing terms 'primordium', 'anlagen', 'bud' uberon pancreatic epithelial bud EFO:0003470 EMAPA:35645 TAO:0001390 The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. UBERON:0003922 UMLS:C1283285 ZFA:0001390 pancreas epithelium pancreatic anlage pancreatic bud pancreatic buds uberon dorsal pancreatic bud AAO:0011031 EFO:0003465 EHDAA2:0001385 EMAPA:17067 In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0001370 The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO] UBERON:0003923 VHOG:0001428 XAO:0000467 ZFA:0001370 dorsal pancreas anlage dorsal pancreatic anlage pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud pancreas primordium dorsal bud pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. posterior pancreatic anlage posterior pancreatic bud primary pancreatic bud uberon ventral pancreatic bud AAO:0011111 EFO:0003464 EHDAA2:0001389 EMAPA:17256 In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0001369 The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP] UBERON:0003924 VHOG:0001429 XAO:0001103 ZFA:0001369 anterior pancreatic anlage anterior pancreatic bud pancreas primordium ventral bud pancreas ventral primordium duct bud pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. the ventral pancreas and liver are derived from a common precursor cell population[PMID:16417468]. TODO - add this relationship. uberon ventral pancreas anlage ventral pancreatic anlage digestive system duct A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. TAO:0005162 UBERON:0003928 ZFA:0005162 duct of digestive system duct of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system duct uberon digestive tract epithelium An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. BTO:0000956 EHDAA2:0004567 EMAPA:32928 Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] MA:0003201 TAO:0005123 UBERON:0003929 UMLS:C0836205 XAO:0003200 ZFA:0005123 alimentary tract epithelium digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium uberon dermatome A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. AAO:0011028 AEO:0001017 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428 EHDAA:1719 EHDAA:1725 EHDAA:1731 EHDAA:1737 EMAPA:32838 FMA:295656 Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'. UBERON:0004016 UMLS:C0180383 XAO:0000220 cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme epimere mesoderm mesenchyma dermatomiale uberon germinal neuroepithelium As the cells adjacent to the lumen continue to divide, the migrating cells form a second layer around the original neural tube. This layer becomes progressively thicker as more cells are added to it from the germinal neuroepithelium. This new layer is called the mantle (or intermediate) zone, and the germinal epithelium is now called the ventricular zone (and, later, the ependyma)[NCBIBook:NBK10047] The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells UBERON:0004022 germinal neuroepithelial layer germinal neuroepithelium original neural tube uberon biliary ductule BTO:0002840 In ZFA, Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP] TAO:0005164 UBERON:0004058 ZFA:0005164 bile capillary bile ductule biliary ductule biliary ductule cholangiole ductuli biliferi terminal cholangiole uberon neural tube ventricular layer EMAPA:17152 EMAPA:35362 EMAPA_RETIRED:16783 MA:0003193 The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium UBERON:0004060 consider merging with 'ventricular zone'; note that the MA class probably does not belong here, as this is an embryonic structure ependymal layer neural tube ependymal layer neural tube ependymal zone neural tube ventricular germinal zone neural tube ventricular zone uberon neural tube mantle layer EMAPA:17148 EMAPA:35360 The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. UBERON:0004061 future brain marginal layer neural tube intermediate zone uberon neural tube marginal layer EMAPA:17151 The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter UBERON:0004062 brain marginal zone neural tube marginal zone uberon anatomical conduit 2 2 AEO:0000080 Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. EHDAA2:0003080 FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature FMA:242873 UBERON:0004111 foramen foramina opening ostia ostium uberon pharyngeal pouch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011113 An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches. EFO:0003627 EHDAA:1086 EHDAA:1669 EHDAA:579 EHDAA:617 EMAPA also includes a distinct pouch endoderm EMAPA:32752 FMA:293063 Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits. Crump et al, 2004.[TAO] TAO:0001106 The pouches are polarized structures. For example, whereas the rostral half of each pouch expresses Bmp-7, the caudal half expresses FGF-8 and the dorsal aspect of each pouch is marked via its expression of Pax-1. each pouch has an individual sense of identity. Shh expression is a prominent early feature of the caudal endoderm of the second arch, and individual pouches mark the anterior limits of expression of Hox genes within the pharyngeal endoderm; Hox-a2 has a rostral boundary at the second pouch, Hox-a3 at the third pouch and Hox-a4 at the most caudal pouch[PMID:16313389] UBERON:0004117 UMLS:C0231067 VHOG:0001203 XAO:0000282 ZFA:0001106 branchial pouch pharyngeal pouches uberon visceral pouch visceral pouches endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004119 uberon mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004120 uberon ectoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004121 uberon genitourinary system AAO:0000624 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO] BILA:0000122 BTO:0003091 EFO:0003864 EHDAA:1013 EMAPA:16367 EV:0100094 FMA:280610 GAID:362 GU tract Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG] MESH:D014566 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVMgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g UBERON:0004122 UG tract UMLS:C0042066 Urogenitalsystem VHOG:0000286 XAO:0000140 galen:GenitoUrinarySystem genito-urinary system genitourinary genitourinary tract relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO] uberon urogenital urogenital system urogenital tract cardiogenic plate (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000215 EMAPA:16106 TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field UBERON:0004139 VHOG:0000975 cardiac crescent cardiogenic crescent heart rudiment myocardial plate uberon primary heart field A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. FHF PHF UBERON:0004140 XAO:0004185 first heart field heart field primary heart field this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] uberon heart tube AAO:0010411 An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. EFO:0003526 EMAPA:32685 TAO:0000360 UBERON:0004141 XAO:0000337 ZFA:0000360 embryonic heart tube endocardial heart tube endocardial tube the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. uberon cardiac chamber A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart FMA:7095 OpenCyc:Mx4rmexpjPdAEduAAAAOpmP6tw UBERON:0004151 chamber of heart generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus heart chamber uberon septum transversum A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG] A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. EHDAA2:0001829 EHDAA:736 EMAPA:16318 FMA:295593 In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm. The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. UBERON:0004161 UMLS:C0231004 VHOG:0000019 in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum transverse septum uberon external genitalia FMA:45643 TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals UBERON:0004176 external genitalia external reproductive organ external sex organ uberon endodermal part of digestive tract A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. EMAPA:32930 UBERON:0004185 endodermal gut gut endoderm uberon skeleton AEO:0000168 Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] EHDAA2:0001843 EHDAA:5047 EMAPA:17213 FMA:23875 GAID:177 MA:0003006 MAT:0000032 MESH:D012863 MIAA:0000032 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0004288 VSAO:0000026 XAO:0004053 galen:Skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system set of all bones set of bones of body skeletal uberon dermomyotome AAO:0010572 AEO:0000214 EHDAA2:0003259 EMAPA:31109 Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] FMA:295654 Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] TAO:0001513 The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0004290 UMLS:C1511786 VHOG:0000676 ZFA:0001513 all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. dermamyotome dermomyotomes uberon heart rudiment A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. TAO:0000115 The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] UBERON:0004291 ZFA:0000115 heart cone rudimentary heart uberon distal phalanx AAO:0010676 Distal-most phalanx within a digit. EMAPA:35287 In human anatomy, the distal phalanges of the four fingers and toes articulate proximally with the intermediate phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP); in the thumb and big toe, with only two phalanges, the distal phalanges articulate proximally with the proximal phalanges. The distal phalanges carry and shape nails and claws and are therefore occasionally referred to as the ungual phalanges. The distal phalanges are cone-shaped in most mammals, including most primates, but relatively wide and flat in humans. MA:0002914 UBERON:0004300 phalanx distalis phalanx distalis terminal phalanx uberon ungual phalanx middle phalanx A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges. AAO:0010677 EMAPA:35572 Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones of the finger and toe which lie in the middle, between the two wrinkly joints. The thumb and big toe do not have intermediate phalanges. In most other vertebrates, they have a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin MA:0002915 UBERON:0004301 consider using numbering system, and axioms to the effect that there is a single middle phalanx per finger in humans. This should perhaps be renamed 'intermediate phalanx', leaving the term middle phalanx open for the specific intermediate phalanx of a 3-phalanx digit in some groups such as whales, there are multiple intermediate phalanges intermediate phalanx medial phalanx penultimate phalanx phalanx 2 phalanx II uberon proximal phalanx 1 AAO:0010680 EMAPA:35716 MA:0002916 Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones at the base of a toe or finger, the prominent, knobby ends of which are often called the knuckles. In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ('finger' bone) Proximal-most phalanx within a digit. UBERON:0004302 phalanx 1 phalanx I proximal-most phalanx uberon primitive streak (...) the blastopore equivalent of chordates (germ ring in fish, marginal zone/blastopore lip in frog and node/primitive streak in chick and mouse) (...) (reference 1); Indeed, the primitive streak has been considered the homologue of the blastopore since the 1870s (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001525 EHDAA:185 EMAPA:16072 FMA:293110 The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP] UBERON:0004341 UMLS:C0033153 VHOG includes a very broad grouping here based on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9609826 VHOG:0001202 primitive streak - blastopore - germ ring uberon limb bud AAO:0010375 An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. BTO:0001640 EMAPA:35944 Early outgrowth of presumptive limb.[AAO] FMA:296780 GAID:1307 MESH:A16.254.462 UBERON:0004347 UMLS:C0282505 XAO:0003161 developmentally_induced_by Fgf10, capable of initiating limb forming interactions between endoderm and mesoderm gemmae membrorum limb buds limbbud uberon apical ectodermal ridge AAO:0010760 AER Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO] EMAPA:32744 Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO] TAO:0002146 The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold UBERON:0004356 UMLS:C1516037 XAO:0004121 ZFA:0001702 apical epidermal ridge crista ectodermalis apicalis maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. note that media, dorsal fins etc have AERs. relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO] uberon paired limb/fin bud An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056] The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0004357 VHOG:0001258 limb - fin bud paired appendage bud paired limb/fin bud uberon bone of free limb or fin A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0004375 appendage bone bone of appendage bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton uberon skeleton of limb EHDAA2 considers hip and shoulder joints part of limb skeleton. EHDAA2:0002221 EMAPA:32702 Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.[VSAO] The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb. UBERON:0004381 VSAO:0000300 free limb skeleton limb skeleton set of bones of limb uberon entire sense organ system FMA:78499 Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. UBERON:0004456 note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs sense organ system uberon cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32688 FMA:261726 MA:0002441 Note placement of MA class based on parthood relationship UBERON:0004493 uberon anatomical projection A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. AAO:0010278 Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, or tissue.[AAO] Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[TAO] Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[VSAO] FMA:67601 HAO:0000822 TAO:0001834 UBERON:0004529 VSAO:0000180 XAO:0004020 anatomical process anatomical protrusion flange flanges galen:Ridge lamella lamellae lamina laminae organ process papilla process process of organ processes processus projection projection projections protrusion ridge ridges shelf shelves should be declared disjoint from organ, but in some ontologies (e.g. ZFA), structures such as neural spines are classified as bones (and hence organs) spine uberon cardiovascular system AAO:0011001 Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. BILA:0000016 BTO:0000088 CALOHA:TS-1297 CV system EFO:0000791 EHDAA2:0000216 EHDAA:394 EMAPA:16104 EMAPA:16370 EV:0100017 FMA:7161 GAID:467 Herz und Gefaesssystem MA:0000010 MAT:0000016 MESH:D002319 MIAA:0000016 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000010 The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0004535 UMLS:C0007226 VHOG:0000302 WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system XAO:0000100 XAO:0001010 ZFA:0000010 uberon we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph. blood vasculature A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. TAO:0001079 UBERON:0004537 ZFA:0001079 blood system blood vascular network blood vessel system blood vessels set of blood vessels uberon systemic arterial system FMA:45623 The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. UBERON:0004571 systemic arterial circulatory system uberon arterial system BTO:0004690 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA:396 EMAPA:16201 EMAPA:16371 MA:0002719 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. UBERON:0004572 VHOG:0000273 uberon systemic artery An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. FMA:66464 UBERON:0004573 systemic arterial subtree uberon venous system BTO:0004692 EHDAA2:0002171 EHDAA:486 EMAPA:16240 MA:0002720 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. UBERON:0004582 UMLS:C1267406 VHOG:0000277 uberon vein system sphincter muscle A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. FMA class is not a subtype of muscle FMA:75004 UBERON:0004590 UMLS:C1409894 circular muscle sphincter uberon liver lobule EMAPA:35499 FMA:14471 MA:0002494 UBERON:0004647 UMLS:C0227518 hepatic lobule lobules of liver lobuli hepatici lobuli hepatis lobulus hepaticus should not be confused with the anatomic lobes of the liver (caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, left lobe, and right lobe), or any of the functional lobe classification systems.[WP] the polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein uberon paired limb/fin An appendage that is part of a appendage girdle complex. UBERON:0004708 UBERON:0009872 VSAO:0000067 girdle-associated appendage jointed paired lateral appendage limb or fin limb/fin paired appendage pectoral or pelvic appendage pelvic/pectoral appendage this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin. uberon conceptus AEO:0000194 BTO:0003834 EHDAA2 places this as a subtype of organism. This leads to the inference that a conceptus is an embryo (if an embryo is defined as an organism at embryo stage), which eliminates the embryonic + extra-embryonic = conceptus EHDAA2:0000001 EHDAA2:0003235 EMAPA:36040 The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. UBERON:0004716 UMLS:C1516779 embryo plus adnexa uberon segmental subdivision of nervous system Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. FBbt:00005140 UBERON:0004732 neuromere revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment; note that with the additional of an A/P axis constraint this corresponds to what Richter at al call a neuromere (PMID:21062451) uberon segmental subdivision of hindbrain An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:61998 UBERON:0004733 hindbrain segment segment of hindbrain uberon gastrula BILA:0000060 BTO:0001403 FBbt:00005317 FMA:293108 GAID:1302 MESH:A16.254.412 MIAA:0000179 Organism at the gastrula stage. UBERON:0004734 UBERON:0007012 UMLS:C0017199 UMLS:C1284022 We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here blastocystis trilaminaris gastrula embryo tri-laminar disc tri-laminar disk trilaminar blastocyst trilaminar blastoderm trilaminar disc trilaminar disk trilaminar germ uberon skeletal tissue A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from MA:0003047 UBERON:0004755 VSAO:0000015 XAO:0004038 ZFA:0005619 uberon skeletal element AAO:0011129 Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] TAO:0001890 UBERON:0004765 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure uberon articular system Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. EMAPA:35150 FMA:23878 MA:0003007 UBERON:0004770 VSAO:0000181 joint system set of all joints set of all joints of body set of joints of body uberon gastrointestinal system mucosa A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. BTO:0000546 BTO:0005568 EMAPA:36591 MA:0001521 The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417468 UBERON:0004786 digestive tract mucosa gut mucosa gut mucuous membrane mucosa of gut uberon respiratory tract epithelium BTO:0000419 CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32827 MA:0001480 UBERON:0004802 VHOG:0000981 airway epithelium epithelial tissue of respiratory tract epithelium of respiratory tract respiratory epithelium respiratory tract epithelial tissue the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi uberon respiratory system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32826 MA:0001823 UBERON:0004807 VHOG:0000981 apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue uberon gastrointestinal system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32683 MA:0001520 UBERON:0004808 digestive system epithelial tissue digestive system epithelium epithelial tissue of digestive system epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system epithelium of digestive system epithelium of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue uberon upper respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35894 MA:0001912 UBERON:0004814 epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract epithelium of upper respiratory tract uberon upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue kidney epithelium BTO:0000059 CALOHA:TS-0505 EMAPA:35457 MA:0002846 UBERON:0004819 epithelial tissue of kidney epithelium of kidney kidney epithelial tissue renal epithelium the cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces uberon splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0011102 BILA:0000044 FMA:295568 Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. UBERON:0004872 We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors XAO:0000276 inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm splanchnic mesoderm uberon visceral mesoderm somatopleure A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. EHDAA2:0001847 EHDAA:381 EMAPA:16180 FMA:295566 Gives rise to the paired appendages in jawed vertebrates. a persistent somatopleure through the redistribution and expansion of the lateral plate mesoderm is a synapomorphy for gnathostomes and a critical step in generating a novel developmental module with dramatic evolutionary potentia (Tulenko et al. 2012) http://burkelab.research.wesleyan.edu/current-projects/lamprey/ UBERON:0004874 UMLS:C1519423 VHOG:0000557 sources differ as to whether this is part-of or develops-from the LPM uberon nephrogenic cord A portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]. FMA:72168 UBERON:0004875 UMLS:C1283944 chorda nephrogenica part_of or develops_from urogenital ridge? uberon urogenital fold EHDAA2:0004022 EMAPA:30888 FMA:321919 Less commonly, urogenital fold refers to the fold in the mesonephros which is the precursor of e.g. the suspensory ligament of the ovary. This is the case in older versions of Gray's anatomy[WP] One of of the pair of folds derived from the cloacal folds which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia; in male embryos they close over the urethral plate and fuse to form the spongy (penile) urethra and ventral aspect of the penis, not including the glans; failure of fusion of the urethral folds leads to hypospadias; in female embryos they fuse only anterior to the anus and form the labia minora[MP]. UBERON:0004876 uberon urethral fold urogenital fold urogenital ridge chordamesoderm AAO:0000478 EFO:0003426 Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. TAO:0000091 The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord UBERON:0004880 WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm. Induces neural tube. Gilbert: contains an anterior head process and the notochord. ZFA:0000091 axial chorda mesoderm chorda mesoderm dorsal mesoderm presumptive notochord uberon articulation Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. FBbt:00005811 UBERON:0004905 joint uberon biliary bud EHDAA2:0000171 EMAPA:16561 EMAPA_RETIRED:16565 UBERON:0004912 VHOG:0001351 hepatic diverticulum uberon hepatopancreatic ampulla A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] CALOHA:TS-2348 FMA:15076 GAID:283 MESH:A03.159.183.079.300.900 TAO:0005167 UBERON:0004913 UMLS:C0042425 Vater's ampulla ZFA:0005167 ampulla Vaterii ampulla biliaropancreatica ampulla hepatopancreatica ampulla of Vater ampulla of bile duct biliaropancreatic ampulla galen:AmpullaOfVater papilla Vateri papilla duodeni major uberon duodenal papilla EMAPA:18662 FMA:15953 MA:0003107 One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. UBERON:0004914 papilla duodenalis papilla duodeni papilla of duodenum uberon subdivision of digestive tract A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100315 FMA:71131 UBERON:0004921 alimentary system subdivision intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct. intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system uberon organ component layer A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. FMA:82485 UBERON:0004923 uberon mucosa of pylorus A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004110 EMAPA:27199 FMA:17461 UBERON:0004998 antropyloric mucosa mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ of pylorus mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region mucosa of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of stomach pyloric region mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane of pylorus mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa of pylorus organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region pyloric part of stomach mucosa pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa pylorus mucosa pylorus mucosa of organ pylorus mucous membrane pylorus organ mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ stomach pyloric region mucous membrane stomach pyloric region organ mucosa uberon neural groove AAO:0011071 EMAPA:35594 FMA:295624 The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. UBERON:0005061 UMLS:C0814992 XAO:0000248 uberon neural fold EHDAA2:0001249 EMAPA:16142 EMAPA:16146 EMAPA:16151 EMAPA:16155 EMAPA:16159 EMAPA:16162 EMAPA:16288 EMAPA:16292 EMAPA:16295 EMAPA:16299 EMAPA:16303 EMAPA:16307 EMAPA:16528 FMA:295618 In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. UBERON:0005062 UMLS:C0814993 XAO:0004087 medullary fold uberon neural rod A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EFO:0003498 TAO:0000133 UBERON:0005068 ZFA:0000133 neural tube rod uberon metanephric ureteric bud The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005080 uberon ureter ureteric bud The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]. UBERON:0005081 uberon ectodermal placode AEO:0000218 An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO] FMA:293966 UBERON:0005085 With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates. consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm; need to check taxon-appropriateness epithelial placode in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous. uberon muscle structure EMAPA:32715 FBbt:00005073 FMA:30316 Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. UBERON:0005090 in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila muscle muscle element musculus uberon kidney rudiment . UBERON:0005095 class added for consistency with GO - consider merging with kidney mesenchyme. kidney anlage uberon mesonephric epithelium An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0005103 uberon epithelial bud A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. BTO:0001639 UBERON:0005153 uberon reproductive structure Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. UBERON:0005156 reproductive system element reproductive system structure uberon epithelial fold An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. UBERON:0005157 uberon multi cell part structure A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. AAO:0011000 CARO:0001000 FBbt:00007060 FMA:83115 UBERON:0005162 cell part cluster multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure uberon we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' hepatic duct A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO] A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine[ZFA]. Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). EHDAA2:0000741 EHDAA:3049 EMAPA:16843 FMA:71891 MA:0000357 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWo8WJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG] The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. UBERON:0005171 UMLS:C0917710 VHOG:0000219 galen:HepaticDuct uberon abdomen element An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. MA:0000522 UBERON:0005172 abdomen organ uberon abdominal segment element An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. MA:0000529 UBERON:0005173 abdominal segment organ uberon dorsal region element An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. MA:0001901 UBERON:0005174 back organ dorsal region organ uberon trunk region element An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. MA:0000516 UBERON:0005177 trunk organ uberon thoracic cavity element An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. MA:0000557 UBERON:0005178 thoracic cavity organ uberon pelvic region element An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. MA:0000543 UBERON:0005179 pelvic element pelvis organ pelvis region organ uberon thoracic segment organ An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. MA:0000563 UBERON:0005181 uberon upper body organ trunk mesenchyme EFO:0003485 EHDAA2:0002092 EHDAA:377 EMAPA:16177 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. TAO:0000081 UBERON:0005256 VHOG:0000281 ZFA:0000081 trunk and cervical mesenchyme uberon myelencephalon BTO:0000758 CALOHA:TS-0607 CALOHA:TS-2365 DHBA:10662 EHDAA2:0001207 EHDAA:5526 EMAPA:17082 HBA:9512 MA:0000205 The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. UBERON:0005290 VHOG:0000456 myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes uberon embryonic tissue A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. CALOHA:TS-2100 UBERON:0005291 developing tissue portion of embryonic tissue uberon alimentary part of gastrointestinal system All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-0407 EHDAA2:0000110 EHDAA:514 EMAPA:16246 EV:0100056 FMA:71132 GAID:294 GI tract MA:0000323 MESH:A03.492 The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. The system that includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas[ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System]. UBERON:0005409 UMLS:C0012240 VHOG:0000412 alimentary system alimentary tract galen:GastrointestinalTract gastro-intestinal system gastrointestinal (GI) tract gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal tract that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla. the decision to split digestive and gastrointestinal in this way may be revisited. As it currently stands, this class more closely aligns what MA calls the alimentary system uberon developing anatomical structure AEO:0000125 CALOHA:TS-2122 EHDAA2:0003125 FBbt:00007006 FMA:292313 MIAA:0000019 UBERON:0005423 developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue uberon non-neural ectoderm After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm. EFO:0003643 EHDAA:257 EMAPA:16074 Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998). Editor note: todo - epidermis? todo - track down EHDAA2 class in new release In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG] RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001273 TAO:0001178 UBERON:0005497 VHOG:0001372 XAO:0004091 ZFA:0001178 epidermal ectoderm epithelial ectoderm non neural ectoderm surface ectoderm uberon ventral ectoderm primitive heart tube EHDAA2:0001512 EHDAA:424 EHDAA:436 EMAPA:16208 EMAPA:16215 FMA:321916 Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. TAO:0000149 UBERON:0005498 ZFA:0000149 early primitive heart tube primitive heart tube uberon gonad primordium EFO:0003651 EHDAA:5927 EMAPA:17204 Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO] Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002148 TAO:0001262 UBERON:0005564 WBbt:0008366 ZFA:0001262 future gonad gonadal primordium immature gonad primitive gonad this is a very broad grouping class uberon undifferentiated gonad lung primordium A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. AAO:0011059 EFO:0002578 EMAPA:36007 UBERON:0005597 UBERON:3010717 XAO:0001002 lateral diverticula lung diverticulum lung endoderm uberon extrahepatic part of hepatic duct EMAPA:16844 MA:0001636 UBERON:0005604 VHOG:0000215 extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct hepatic duct extrahepatic part uberon pronephric mesoderm A mesoderm that has the potential to develop into a pronephros. AAO:0011090 EFO:0003479 Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.[AAO] TAO:0000067 UBERON:0005721 VHOG:0001239 XAO:0000264 ZFA:0000067 pronephric anlage pronephric bulge pronephric mesenchyme pronephric primordium the intermediate mesoderm of the chick embryo acquires its ability to form kidneys through its interactions with the paraxial mesoderm [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology", http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720431 "Signals from trunk paraxial mesoderm induce pronephros formation in chick intermediate mesoderm"]. These interactions induce the expression of TFs including Lim1, Pax2 and Pax6 that cause the intermediate mesoderm to form the kidney uberon olfactory system A sensory system that is capable of olfacttion (the sensory perception of smell). AAO:0000334 AAO:0000978 BILA:0000144 EFO:0001973 EMAPA:36004 FMA:7190 In mammals, the main olfactory system detects odorants that are inhaled through the nose, where they contact the main olfactory epithelium, which contains various olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors are membrane proteins of bipolar olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules. Olfactory neurons transduce receptor activation into electrical signals in neurons. The signals travel along the olfactory nerve, which belongs to the peripheral nervous system. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which belongs to the central nervous system. The complex set of olfactory receptors on different olfactory neurons can distinguish a new odor from the background environmental odors and determine the concentration of the odor[WP]. MA:0002445 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViw75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001149 The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction, or the sense of smell. Most mammals and reptiles have two distinct parts to their olfactory system: a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects volatile, airborne substances, while the accessory olfactory system senses fluid-phase stimuli. Behavioral evidence indicates that most often, the stimuli detected by the accessory olfactory system are pheromones. The olfactory system is often spoken of along with the gustatory system as the chemosensory senses because both transduce chemical signals into perception[WP][Wikipedia:Olfactory_system]. The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).[AAO] UBERON:0005725 UMLS:C0228065 XAO:0003196 ZFA:0001149 consider splitting into main and accessory. See also: vomeronasal organ uberon we make the relationship to nervous system 'overlaps', as the olfactory system includes e.g. apertures in the cranium that are not part of the nervous system chemosensory system BILA:0000139 UBERON:0005726 uberon fin field A limb/fin field that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a paired fin bud. UBERON:0005731 fin field of lateral plate mesoderm uberon paired limb/fin field A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. UBERON:0005732 limb/fin field of lateral plate mesoderm paired limb/fin field uberon we represent the field as being a part of the LPM (consistent with ZFA, Gilbert). As a consequence, the relationship between limb bud (with is ectoderm+mesenchyme) stands in a weaker has_developmental_contribution_from relation to the field - TODO implement this. limb field A ring of cells capable of forming a limb. UBERON:0005733 limb field of lateral plate mesoderm the central portion of the limb field gives rise to the limb proper. mesenchyme cells proliferate from from the somatic layer of limb field lateral plate mesoderm (limb skeletal precursors) and from the somites (limb muscle precursors) . these mesenchymal cells accumulate under the ectedermal tissue to make a limb bud. // The lateral plate mesoderm in the limb field is also special in that it will induce myoblasts to migrate out from the somites and enter the limb bud. No other region of the lateral plate mesoderm will do that (Hayashi and Ozawa 1995) uberon caudal part of nephrogenic cord The metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm. UBERON:0005753 caudal portion of nephrogenic cord caudal region of nephrogenic cord rear part of nephrogenic cord rear portion of nephrogenic cord uberon rostral part of nephrogenic cord The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros. UBERON:0005754 uberon acellular membrane A acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. FMA:63871 UBERON:0005764 uberon basement membrane of epithelium AAO:0010596 An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. FMA:63872 GAID:915 UBERON:0005769 UMLS:C0004799 basement membrane basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis this class represents a continuous sheet of basement membrane which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal membrane' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell. uberon nephric ridge EHDAA2:0001242 EHDAA:1015 EMAPA:16368 Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. TODO - check ridge vs cord vs nephrogenic cord vs blastema UBERON:0005792 VHOG:0001240 nephric cord uberon portal system FMA:45628 In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. MESH:D011168 UBERON:0005806 UMLS:C0226727 portal venous system uberon developing mesenchymal condensation A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. AEO:0000148 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 EHDAA:8979 UBERON:0005856 mesenchyme condensation uberon cartilaginous condensation AEO:0000147 Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003147 EMAPA:32731 UBERON:0005863 VSAO:0000092 XAO:0004022 cartilage condensation cartilagenous condensation chondrogenic condensation isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO uberon pre-cartilage condensation A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. AEO:0000150 EHDAA2:0003150 EMAPA:32736 UBERON:0005866 pre-chondrogenic condensation precartilage condensation precartilagenous condensation prechondrogenic condensation uberon autopodial extension A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis. UBERON:0005881 digit or predigit encompasses digits and prepollex. requires review limb outgrowth uberon serous sac EMAPA:16060 FMA:9689 MA:0000005 Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA] See notes for serous membrane UBERON:0005906 uberon endo-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA] FMA:69065 UBERON:0005911 endoderm-derived epithelium endoepithelium uberon axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton AAO:0000963 EMAPA:17214 EMAPA:18043 MA:0000308 Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. UBERON:0005944 UMLS:C0222645 VSAO:0000056 XAO:0004011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton skeleton axiale uberon heart layer The laminar structure of the heart UBERON:0005983 uberon coronary vessel Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation MESH:D003331 TODO - change relation from part_of UBERON:0005985 uberon integumentary adnexa Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. UBERON:0006003 add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland. Note that MP implicitly includes hypodermis. adnexae cutis body hair or bristle skin adnexa skin adnexal structure skin appendage the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] uberon rhombic lip DHBA:10664 EHDAA2:0000231 EMAPA:17074 TAO:0001440 The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roofplate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.[TAO] UBERON:0006215 UBERON:0013163 XAO:0004135 ZFA:0001440 cerebellar anlage cerebellar primordium cerebellum primordium dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon future cerebellum presumptive cerebellum rostral rhombic lip the posterior section of the developing metencephalon recognized transiently within the vertebrate embryo; the rhombic lip extends posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cell and can be divided into eight structural units based on rhombomeres 1-8 (r1-r8), recognized at early stages of hindbrain development; producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar neural system uberon cloacal membrane A membrane that separates the proctodeum and the hindgut in the early embryo. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.497, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000257 EHDAA:214 EHDAA:2933 EMAPA:16832 FMA:295525 In mammals, the cloaca exists as an embryonic structure that undergoes septation to become distinct urethral, anal, and genital orifices.[well established][VHOG] The membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca, formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm; the urorectal septum joins the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane; the point where the urorectal septum intersects the cloacal membrane is the future site of the perineal body; proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the cloacal membrane produces primordial tissues of the external genitalia in both sexes: the genital tubercle, genital folds, and genital swellings. UBERON:0006217 UMLS:C0231056 VHOG:0001198 embryonic cloacal membrane membrana cloacalis uberon foregut-midgut junction Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG] An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. EHDAA2:0000569 EHDAA:526 EMAPA:16363 UBERON:0006235 VHOG:0000291 uberon future brain BAMS:Enc BTO:0004726 EFO:0003431 EHDAA:300 EHDAA:830 EMAPA:16089 EMAPA:16471 FMA:312967 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 TAO:0000146 The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) The embryonic precursor of the brain. UBERON:0006238 ZFA:0000146 brain rudiment embryonic brain encephalon presumptive brain uberon future forebrain A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain. BAMS:Pros EFO:0003423 EHDAA2:0000661 EHDAA:2643 EMAPA:16640 TAO:0000062 TODO. Add relationships to neural plate (both ZFA and EMAPA time this with the neural plate) UBERON:0006240 ZFA:0000062 future prosencephalon presumptive forebrain presumptive prosencephalon prosencephalon uberon future spinal cord EFO:0003438 EHDAA2:0000674 EHDAA:898 EMAPA:16092 EMAPA:16525 EMAPA:16755 TAO:0000417 UBERON:0006241 ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord presumptive spinal cord neural keel presumptive spinal cord neural plate presumptive spinal cord neural rod uberon gall bladder primordium A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. EHDAA2:0000700 EHDAA:3047 EMAPA:16713 UBERON:0006242 XAO:0004205 uberon notochordal plate EHDAA2:0001278 EHDAA:264 EMAPA:16101 TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] UBERON:0006267 UMLS:C1518429 VHOG:0001212 uberon notochordal process A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot EHDAA2:0001279 EHDAA:224 EMAPA:16102 FMA:293135 The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus. UBERON:0006268 UMLS:C1518430 VHOG:0001213 chordamesoderm presumptive notochord uberon bodily fluid FMA:280556 GAID:266 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MESH:D001826 UBERON:0006314 body fluid fluid galen:BodyFluid uberon renal duct A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine. TAO:0005289 UBERON:0006553 ZFA:0005289 in ZFA this is defined as part of mesonephros uberon excretory tube A tube that is part of a excretory system. UBERON:0006555 uberon pharynx FBbt:00005380 MAT:0000049 MIAA:0000049 The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. UBERON:0006562 anterior part of foregut branchial currently this is an extremely generic class, encompassing both protostomes and deuterostomes. pharyngeal pharyngeal tube uberon presumptive endoderm AAO:0000471 EFO:0003437 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. TAO:0000416 UBERON:0006595 ZFA:0000416 uberon presumptive blood AAO:0000468 EFO:0003439 TAO:0000568 UBERON:0006596 ZFA:0000568 future blood uberon presumptive structure AAO:0000479 Consider merging with anlage Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. TAO:0001116 UBERON:0006598 ZFA:0001116 future structure presumptive structures uberon presumptive ectoderm AAO:0000470 EFO:0003466 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. TAO:0001376 UBERON:0006601 XAO:0004132 ZFA:0001376 presumptive epidermis uberon presumptive mesoderm AAO:0000476 EFO:0003467 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. TAO:0001377 UBERON:0006603 ZFA:0001377 uberon interphalangeal joint 2 2 A joint that connects one phalanx to another along a proximodistal axis. FMA:42765 Hinge joints between the phalanges of the hand or foot[ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint]. UBERON:0006658 galen:InterphalangealJoint inter-phalangeal joint inter-phalanx joint uberon mesopodium region Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus) UBERON:0006716 carpus/tarsus mesopod mesopodial limb segment mesopodial segment uberon autopodial skeleton Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.[VSAO] Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region. UBERON:0006717 VSAO:0005019 autopod skeleton autopodial skeleton autopodium skeletal parts of autopod skeleton of autopod uberon glandular epithelium An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. BTO:0002991 UBERON:0006799 UMLS:C0682578 UMLS:C1708242 consider splitting epithelium from epithelial tissue uberon terminal part of digestive tract FBbt:00005756 The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. UBERON:0006866 WBbt:0005773 rectal part of digestive tract rectum terminal section of digestive tract this class is the superclass of 'rectum', which is currently reserved for the vertebrate structure. May be merged in future. uberon vasculature of organ A vasculature that is part of a organ. FMA:74612 UBERON:0006876 organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ uberon lumen of digestive tract An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. BTO:0000349 EMAPA:32908 FMA:45677 UBERON:0006909 digestive tract lumen gut cavity gut lumen lumen of alimentary tract lumen of digestive tract lumen of gut uberon squamous epithelium An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. BTO:0002072 FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium UBERON:0006914 UMLS:C0221909 uberon stomach glandular epithelium A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. EMAPA:17623 EMAPA:35814 FMA:63458 MA:0002784 UBERON:0006924 epithelium of gastric gland gastric gland epithelium uberon we follow Kardong in treating the glandular epithelium as a distinct entity, and thus as an epithelium which has glands; FMA has 'epithelium of gastric gland', which is part of the gastric gland. digestive gland A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion. AAO:0000130 BTO:0000345 UBERON:0006925 digestive system gland uberon glandular columnar epithelium FMA:64800 Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA] UBERON:0006929 UMLS:C0225337 uberon stomach glandular region mucosa EMAPA:27167 MA:0001614 UBERON:0006931 stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. uberon vascular cord EFO:0003709 TAO:0005077 The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. UBERON:0006965 ZFA:0005077 uberon anatomical surface A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n AAO:0010270 BILA:0000010 CARO:0001002 EHDAA2:0003192 FMA:24137 ID:0000000 Old definition: 'Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.' Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism. UBERON:0006984 UMLS:C1515977 ZFA:0005594 uberon cardiac mesoderm AAO:0011021 BILA:0000051 EFO:0000315 EHDAA2:0000214 EHDAA:385 FMA:293143 The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. UBERON:0007005 VHOG:0001641 XAO:0000235 cardiogenic mesoderm cardiogenic region consider FBbt:00005541 ! cardiogenic mesoderm heart primordia review EHDAA2 placement uberon cleaving embryo BILA:0000058 Organism at the cleavage stage. UBERON:0007010 uberon presumptive gut BILA:0000084 The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis UBERON:0007026 UMLS:C1514442 embryonic digestive tube future digestive tract future digestive tube future gut primitive gut primordial digestive tube primordial gut uberon primary circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. FBbt:00003154 Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata SPD:0000130 TADS:0000147 UBERON:0007100 adult heart dorsal tube heart note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. 'The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian'. Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis uberon pharyngeal pouch 2 2nd arch branchial pouch 2nd arch branchial pouch endoderm 2nd arch pouch endoderm 2nd branchial pouch 2nd pharyngeal pouch endoderm A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3. A pouch that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. [ISBN10:0124020607][VHOG] AAO:0011115 Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve EFO:0003633 EHDAA2:0000058 EMAPA:16275 EMAPA:16276 FMA:295676 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060 Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.[AAO] TAO:0001130 UBERON:0005715 UBERON:0007123 UMLS:C0231069 VHOG:0000561 VHOG:0000967 XAO:0000247 ZFA:0001130 pharyngeal pouches 2 second arch pharyngeal pouch second pharyngeal pouch second visceral pouch the dorsal elongation of the second pouch endoderm of all mammals, with the exception of rodents, gives rise to the epithelial lining of palatine tonsils; in rodents, the ventral portion of the second pouch appears to degenerate whereas the remaining part is incorporated into the lateral border of the pharynx; it appears that rodents no longer require tonsils as their function is carried out by the NALT (Nose/Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) system in the upper respiratory tract. uberon visceral pouch 2 neural keel An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EFO:0003497 TAO:0000131 UBERON:0007135 ZFA:0000131 presumptive central nervous system uberon tracheobronchial tree FMA:7393 The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. UBERON:0004102 UBERON:0007196 arbor tracheobronchialis tracheobronchial system uberon presumptive hindbrain BAMS:HB CALOHA:TS-2118 EFO:0003440 EHDAA2:0001630 FMA:295640 TAO:0000569 TODO - unify naming conventions The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. UBERON:0007277 ZFA:0000569 embryonic rhombencephalon future hindbrain presumptive rhombencephalon rhombencephalon uberon presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary EFO:0003446 Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. TAO:0001187 UBERON:0007281 XAO:0004086 ZFA:0001187 presumptive MHB presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary uberon presumptive segmental plate A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. EFO:0003421 TAO:0000053 UBERON:0007282 ZFA:0000053 presumptive segmental plates uberon presumptive neural plate A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. EFO:0003424 Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] TAO:0000063 UBERON:0007284 ZFA:0000063 consider merging prospective neuroectoderm prospective vegetal ectoderm uberon presumptive paraxial mesoderm A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. EFO:0003443 TAO:0000591 UBERON:0007285 XAO:0004134 ZFA:0000591 future paraxial mesoderm uberon presumptive pronephric mesoderm A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a pronephric mesoderm. EFO:0003619 TAO:0001070 UBERON:0007297 ZFA:0001070 nephron primordium uberon pancreatic lobule A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. FMA:16012 In mice many lobules lack islets, in contrast to other mammals including humans MA:0000721 TODO - check UBERON:0007324 lobulus pancreaticus pancreas lobe pancreatic lobule uberon pancreatic duct A duct that is part of the pancreas and connected to the duodenum. Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] EHDAA:9194 EMAPA:32952 FMA:10419 MA:0000124 TAO:0001372 These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0007329 VHOG:0000254 ZFA:0001372 duct of pancreas ductus pancreaticus in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms pancreas duct this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts uberon outer epithelium BSA:0000073 BTO:0000313 FBbt:00004993 HAO:0000298 TADS:0000109 The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. UBERON:0007376 WBbt:0005733 epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) hypoderm hypodermis outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544. uberon stratum compactum AAO:0010600 Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] TAO:0001182 UBERON:0007377 ZFA:0001182 connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis dermal deep region relationship loss: develops_from collagenous dermal stroma (TAO:0001186)[TAO] uberon enveloping layer of ectoderm EFO:0003425 EVL Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] TAO:0000086 UBERON:0007383 ZFA:0000086 enveloping layer relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] uberon epithelial sac AEO:0000115 An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. EHDAA2:0003115 UBERON:0007499 uberon epithelial tube open at both ends AEO_RETIRED:0000116 An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 UBERON:0007500 uberon epithelial vesicle A closed epithelium with a lumen. AEO:0000119 EHDAA2:0003119 EHDAA2:0003119 UBERON:0007503 uberon dense mesenchyme tissue AEO:0000146 EHDAA2:0003146 EHDAA2:0003146 Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. UBERON:0007524 uberon migrating mesenchyme population AEO:0000152 EHDAA2:0003152 EHDAA2:0003152 Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. UBERON:0007530 this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization uberon ciliated columnar epithelium Ciliated columnar epithelium in the pulmonary system is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to form a mucosal layer apical to the epithelial layer. The rowing-like action of epithelial cilia work in tandem with goblet cells to propel mucus away from the lungs, preventing particulate matter from causing infection[http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/berndcv/lab/epithelialinfoweb/ciliated%20columnar%20epithelium.html] FMA:64798 In humans, Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA] UBERON:0007592 uberon ciliated epithelium Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. UBERON:0007601 uberon layer of synovial tissue A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 CALOHA:TS-0998 FMA:66762 UBERON:0007616 stratum synoviale synovial layer synovial membrane synovial tissue synovium uberon synovial cavity of joint An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. FMA:11356 UBERON:0007617 articular cavity (synovial joint) cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) cavity of synovial joint joint cavity synovial cavity uberon anatomical junction 2 An anatomical structure that connects two structures FMA:5898 UBERON:0007651 anatomical junction junction uberon kidney field UBERON:0007687 kidney anlage region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop. uberon anlage AEO:0000170 Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. EFO:0001649 EHDAA2:0003170 FBbt:00005426 UBERON:0007688 developmental field field future organ organ field uberon thyroid diverticulum UBERON:0007689 diverticulum thyroideum endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP]. saccus thyroideus uberon early pharyngeal endoderm . EFO:0003626 EHDAA2:0001457 EHDAA:962 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 TAO:0001104 UBERON:0007690 ZFA:0001104 early pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal endoderm pharyngeal region endoderm relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm' uberon serous fluid Any fluid produced by a serous gland. FMA:20932 UBERON:0007794 serous gland fluid the FMA def is Transudate contained in a serous sac uberon vascular system Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. BTO:0001085 CALOHA:TS-2053 EHDAA2:0004520 EMAPA:35905 Gefaesssystem@ge MA:0002718 The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. UBERON:0007798 UMLS:C0489903 consider merging with vasculature in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system uberon craniocervical region CALOHA:TS-2356 EV:0100009 FMA:280881 MA:0000006 The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. UBERON:0007811 UMLS:C0460004 WikipediaCategory:Head_and_neck cephalic area cephalic part of animal cephalic region galen:HeadAndNeck head and neck head or neck uberon appendage girdle region An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO] FMA:24874 UBERON:0007823 UBERON:0007824 VSAO:0000303 fin girdle fin girdle region girdle girdle region limb girdle limb girdle region this encompasses non-skeletal tissue uberon pelvic girdle skeleton AAO:0000426 AAO:0000768 Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO] Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO] EFO:0000947 EHDAA2:0001426 EHDAA:7149 EHDAA:8324 EMAPA:18028 FMA:87592 Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] MAT:0000182 MIAA:0000182 Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. TAO:0000565 The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0007832 VHOG:0000305 VSAO:0000155 XAO:0003064 ZFA:0000565 galen:PelvicGirdle need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO) pelvic girdle pelvic girdle skeleton skeletal parts of pelvic girdle skeleton of pelvic girdle uberon cartilage element AAO:0011130 CALOHA:TS-0118 EMAPA:32730 FMA:55107 Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. TAO still mixes tissue and element UBERON:0007844 VSAO:0000000 XAO:0004013 ZFA:0001501 cartilage cartilage organ cartilaginous element chondrogenic element uberon regular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. FMA:20103 UBERON:0007845 the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification). uberon dense regular connective tissue Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] FMA:64781 Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] UBERON:0007846 UMLS:C0225333 VSAO:0000050 XAO:0004030 dense fibrous connective tissue dense regular collagenous connective tissue dense regular collagenous tissue regular dense connective tissue typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) uberon pharyngeal arch system A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. Currently defined in a vertebrate specific manner. The arch system has origins in basal deuterostomes, consider generalizing EHDAA2:0000187 FMA:293041 UBERON:0008814 UMLS:C1519038 pharyngeal apparatus pharyngeal arch region pharyngeal arches and clefts pharyngeal system uberon embryonic head A head that is part of a embryo. CALOHA:TS-0246 FBbt:00000155 FMA:293011 UBERON:0008816 uberon hepatic diverticulum AAO:0011057 An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. EHDAA2:0000740 EHDAA:1530 The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. UBERON:0008835 UMLS:C1512407 XAO:0000101 diverticulum hepaticum in mice, the hepatic diverticulum forms by E9 and expands into an obvious liver bud by E10 liver diverticulum uberon liver bud BTO:0001642 UBERON:0008836 uberon pyloric canal FMA:14580 The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter UBERON:0008858 canalis pyloricus canalis pyloricus uberon pyloric gastric gland EMAPA:27211 FMA:14922 The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. UBERON:0008861 UMLS:C0227239 check relationship to pylorus vs antrum glandula pylorica pyloric antrum gland pyloric gland pyloric mucuous gland uberon fin AAO:0010374 AEO:0001004 An external projection of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body[BTO]. BTO:0004649 EFO:0000875 MAT:0000087 MESH:D058500 MIAA:0000087 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjcBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Surface structure involved in locomotion.[TAO] Surface structure involved in locomotion.[VSAO] TAO:0000108 This class groups together various structures that may have arisen through convergent evolution, including, for example, the dorsal fin of a cetacean UBERON:0008897 VSAO:0000099 XAO:0000002 ZFA:0000108 fins uberon respiratory primordium EHDAA2:0004069 UBERON:0008947 UMLS:C1514898 uberon stomach region An organ part that is part of a stomach. EMAPA:35821 MA:0002561 UBERON:0009034 uberon entire embryonic mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001113 EHDAA:177 EMAPA:16097 Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. UBERON:0003313 UBERON:0009142 consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm) uberon pharyngeal region of foregut EMAPA:16549 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 UBERON:0009145 pharyngeal region uberon indifferent external genitalia EHDAA2:0004021 UBERON:0009196 uberon nephric duct A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. EMAPA:28425 EMAPA:28429 UBERON:0009201 pronephric duct or mesonephric duct uberon epithelium of foregut-midgut junction An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000573 EMAPA:16564 UBERON:0009497 uberon endoderm of foregut-midgut junction An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000572 EMAPA:18403 UBERON:0009550 uberon distal segment of digit A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the distal interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium). Newborn and adult mice are able to regrow forelimb (finger) and hindlimb (toe) digit tips after their amputation through the distal interphalangeal joint. Regeneration of the digit tip involves the integrated regrowth of multiple tissues within 2-3 months, reaching an external morphology that is cosmetically and functionally similar to normal digits. Most importantly, regeneration of the mouse distal digit shares morphological similarities with clinical cases documenting regrowth of missing distal portions of fingers in both children and adults UBERON:0009551 digit tip distal digit segment tip of digit uberon distal limb integumentary appendage A nail, hoof or claw. MESH:D006724 UBERON:0009564 hoof or claw hoof, claw or nail keratin plate keratin sheath uberon unguis subdivision of trunk FMA:25054 UBERON:0009569 region of trunk trunk subdivision uberon midbrain mantle layer EHDAA2:0001172 EMAPA:16977 UBERON:0009581 VHOG:0000910 mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon mantle layer lateral wall midbrain midbrain lateral wall mantle layer uberon midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate MHB neural plate TAO:0007044 TODO - developmental relationships for lines UBERON:0009615 ZFA:0007044 midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate uberon presumptive midbrain A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. BAMS:MES EFO:0003432 EHDAA2:0000615 EMAPA:16140 EMAPA:16472 TAO:0000148 TODO - unify naming conventions UBERON:0009616 ZFA:0000148 early midbrain future midbrain mesencephalon presumptive mesencephalon uberon trunk paraxial mesoderm EHDAA2:0002094 UBERON:0009618 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesenchyme uberon dorsal pancreas EHDAA2:0001371 UBERON:0009708 pancreatis dorsalis uberon ventral pancreas EHDAA2:0001393 UBERON:0009709 pancreatis ventralis uberon entire pharyngeal arch endoderm EHDAA2:0004621 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 UBERON:0009722 pharyngeal arch endoderm uberon limb mesenchyme EMAPA mapping from TH EMAPA:32705 The primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells. UBERON:0009749 limb mesoderm uberon distal interphalangeal joint An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a distal phalanx to either a medial or proximal phalanx. DIJ joint DIP joint FMA:65024 UBERON:0009768 uberon glandular acinus FMA:55588 The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. UBERON:0009842 acinar acini acinus uberon digestive tract diverticulum Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100316 UBERON:0009854 diverticulum of gut intestinal pouch uberon sac UBERON:0009856 diverticulum galen:Diverticulum pouch uberon zone of stomach A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. FMA:14558 UBERON:0009870 We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by gland, but we also include 'body of stomach'. In future we may want to have different partitions of the stomach gastric zone region of stomach section of stomach uberon metapodium region Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group UBERON:0009877 cannon region considering adding 'acropodial region' equine cannon region metacarpal or metatarsal part of limb metacarpus/metatarsus metacarpus/metatarsus region metapodial segment metapodium uberon mesopodial skeleton Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.[VSAO] The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton UBERON:0009878 VSAO:0005022 basipodium basipodium skeleton carpal/tarsal skeleton mesopodial skeleton mesopodium mesopodium skeleton relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] skeletal parts of mesopodium uberon anterior lateral plate mesoderm ALPM EFO:0003704 TAO:0005041 UBERON:0009881 ZFA:0005041 uberon lobule FMA:45737 UBERON:0009911 UMLS:C0921005 lobulus todo - provide definition. Clearly distinguish between lobules, lobes and acinar parts of glands (see for example lobule of mammary gland) uberon neurogenic placode Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. EFO:0003460 Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes. TAO:0001309 UBERON:0009955 While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000) XAO:0004620 ZFA:0001309 neurogenic placodes placodae neurogenicae uberon multicellular anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 UBERON:0010000 multicellular structure uberon cell cluster organ A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. CARO:0010001 Examples include arthropod sensilla. FBbt:00007229 UBERON:0010001 uberon food storage organ An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food BSA:0000123 TADS:0000172 TGMA:0001041 This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates UBERON:0010039 uberon future common hepatic duct An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. EHDAA2:0000595 UBERON:0010081 uberon future dermis EHDAA2:0000598 Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. UBERON:0010083 check development uberon future metencephalon A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. EHDAA2:0000623 UBERON:0010092 uberon future myelencephalon A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. EHDAA2:0000640 UBERON:0010096 uberon autopod plate The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. manus, pes, paw) UBERON:0010130 limb plate uberon conducting tissue of heart Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. EHDAA2:0004528 FMA:83378 UBERON:0010131 specialized conducting tissue of heart specialized muscle tissue of heart uberon protuberance A roughly circular bulge in a surface. AEO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003250 FMA:82506 UBERON:0010188 requires review uberon midbrain basal plate DHBA:12322 EFO:0003567 EHDAA2:0004375 Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. TAO:0000761 UBERON:0010285 ZFA:0000761 basal plate midbrain basal plate midbrain region uberon midbrain neural tube Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. TAO:0007039 UBERON:0010286 ZFA:0007039 uberon we follow ZFA in temporally dividing midbrain NT from presumptive midbrain, but in future this may be collapsed structure with developmental contribution from neural crest An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0010314 uberon germ layer / neural crest UBERON:0010316 uberon endochondral element A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. UBERON:0010363 VSAO:0000139 XAO:0004017 ZFA:0005620 endochondral replacement element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern uberon ecto-epithelium Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. FMA:69064 UBERON:0010371 ectoderm-derived epithelium uberon pancreas dorsal primordium EHDAA2:0001384 FMA:79793 UBERON:0010375 consider merging with dorsal pancreatic bud. Starts at CS12 in human (EHDAA2, embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') dorsal pancreas uberon pancreas ventral primordium EHDAA2:0001387 FMA:79794 Starts at CS14 in human (EHDAA2) or CS13-14 (embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') UBERON:0010376 uberon ventral pancreas mesenchyme from somatopleure EHDAA2:0001120 Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. UBERON:0010377 the way this class is defined also includes extraembryonic mesenchyme such as the amniotic mesenchyme; in future this may be restricted to embryonic derivatives uberon pseudostratified columnar epithelium A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. FMA:45572 Pseudostratified epithelia function in secretion or absorption. If a specimen looks stratified but has cilia, then it is a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, since stratified epithelia do not have cilia. UBERON:0010498 UMLS:C0836138 UMLS:C1514590 glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous uberon pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. FMA:13146 UBERON:0010499 UMLS:C0506992 epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) uberon microcirculatory vessel A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. MESH:A07.231.432 TAO:0005251 UBERON:0010523 ZFA:0005251 microcirculatory vessels uberon paired limb/fin segment An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin. UBERON:0010538 limb/fin segment uberon acropodial skeleton FMA:231315 The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the autopodium - i.e. the bones of the digits or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]. UBERON:0010543 VSAO:0005028 acropodial skeleton acropodium acropodium skeleton digital skeleton digits skeleton phalangeal skeleton set of phalanges skeletal parts of acropodial region skeletal parts of acropodium skeleton of digits uberon metapodial skeleton Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.[VSAO] Subdivision of skeleton that corresponds to metapodium region, between acropodial skeleton and mesopdoial skeleton. UBERON:0010546 VSAO:0005025 metacarpal/metatarsal skeleton metapodial skeleton metapodium metapodium skeleton relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] skeletal parts of metapodium skeleton of metapodium uberon phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:32720 UBERON:0010700 uberon phalanx cartilage element EMAPA:32721 UBERON:0010701 uberon digit mesenchyme EMAPA:32719 Mesenchyme of the digit region. UBERON:0010702 digital ray uberon appendage girdle complex 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its accociated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO] FMA:7182 It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] UBERON:0010707 VSAO:0000214 appendage complex appendage-girdle complex appendage/girdle complex girdle plus limb or fin haendel limb note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) uberon pelvic complex Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO] Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. FMA:7184 UBERON:0010709 VSAO:0000215 lower limb lower limb and pelvic girdle lower limb and pelvis note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here pelvic appendage/girdle complex pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin uberon limb skeleton subdivision Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton. UBERON:0010712 VSAO:0005018 note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb uberon paired fin skeleton Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[VSAO] TAO:0000027 The collection of all skeletal elements in a single paired fin. UBERON:0010713 VSAO:0000169 ZFA:0000027 uberon girdle skeleton AAO:0010686 Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO] The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. UBERON:0010719 VSAO:0000302 relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] skeleton of girdle uberon bone of appendage girdle complex A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). EMAPA:35494 MA:0000688 UBERON:0010740 bone of extended limb/fin region limb bone uberon subdivision of organism along appendicular axis A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. FBbt:00007018 UBERON:0010758 appendage segment appendicular segment uberon limb cartilage element A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of cartilage tissue. UBERON:0010881 uberon limb bone pre-cartilage condensation A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of pre-cartilage tissue. UBERON:0010882 uberon subdivision of skeleton Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] FMA:23879 UBERON:0010912 VSAO:0000042 skeletal subdivision subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) uberon nonsynovial joint FMA:7491 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. UBERON:0011134 solid joint uberon axial skeletal system FMA:7483 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:0011137 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton uberon post-cranial axial skeletal system FMA:302077 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the post-cranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:0011138 axial skeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton uberon synovial limb joint Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb. FMA:258776 Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses. UBERON:0011139 synovial joint of free limb segment uberon upper urinary tract FMA:45658 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. UBERON:0011143 galen:UpperUrinaryTract uberon gastrointestinal sphincter A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system UBERON:0011185 UMLS:C1517464 uberon central nervous system cell part cluster A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. FMA:83143 UBERON:0011215 cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxis layer uberon organ system subdivision A subdivision of an anatomical system. FBbt:00007330 FMA:67509 UBERON:0011216 uberon appendicular skeletal system FMA:7484 Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO] Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:0011249 VHOG:0001666 VSAO:0000306 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton uberon autopod bone A bone that is part of a autopod region. Note that this incudes the carpal and tarsal bones. UBERON:0011250 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern uberon embryonic skin basal layer EHDAA2:0001845 UBERON:0011272 basal cell layer of skin compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm' outer epithelium of body uberon paired limb/fin skeleton Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO] The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. UBERON:0011582 VSAO:0000301 limb/fin skeleton skeletal parts of limb/fin skeleton of limb/fin uberon stylopodial skeleton Proximal element of a free limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively[VSAO, modified]. Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.[VSAO] UBERON:0011583 VSAO:0005007 mesomere 1 propodial propodial skeleton propodium proximal metapterygial mesomere stylopod stylopodial stylopodium stylopodium skeleton uberon zeugopodial skeleton Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium. UBERON:0011584 VSAO:0005010 epipodial skeleton epipodium mesomere 2 mesomere 2 skeleton skeleton of zeugopod uberon zeugopod skeleton zeugopodial zygopodial zygopodium cell condensation Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). UBERON:0011585 VSAO:0000006 XAO:0004021 consider obsoleting, coordinate with VSAO uberon subdivision of organism along main body axis A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. Ideally this would be disjoint with analagous class for appendicular axes, but currently 'appendages' like antennae, horns cause a problem UBERON:0011676 axial subdivision of organism body segment main body segment uberon embryonic cardiovascular system A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. EHDAA2:0000216 FMA:305965 UBERON:0011695 conceptus cardiovascular system embryonic circulatory system fetal circulatory system uberon nerve of head region A nerve that is part of a head. UBERON:0011779 cephalic nerve head nerve uberon irregular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 UBERON:0011821 uberon dense irregular connective tissue FMA:20109 Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] UBERON:0011822 UMLS:C0738366 irregular dense connective tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) uberon dense connective tissue AAO:0000121 Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets UBERON:0011823 UMLS:C1511770 our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid. uberon loose connective tissue FMA:19783 Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. UBERON:0011825 UMLS:C1253917 textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus uberon acinus of exocrine gland An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. UBERON:0011858 exocrine gland acinus uberon collection of collagen fibrils FMA:63212 MESH:D024022 NIF_Subcellular:sao7547390221 UBERON:0011860 the FMA class specifically refers to ureter uberon epimysium Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. FMA:9726 The Epimysium also protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones UBERON:0011899 UMLS:C0504096 epimysia fascia of muscle organ uberon stomach glandular region A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. EMAPA:17623 MA:0001613 UBERON:0011953 UMLS:C0227197 as currently defined, this would include the cardiac antrum; however, the intent may be to exclude the cardiac glands and in mice for this to be part of the region distal to the margo plicatus glandular stomach uberon coelom EHDAA2 distingsuishes between the lumen, the lining, and the 'coelomic cavity', which despire it's name, is not a space - it is the aggregate of space plus lining. EHDAA2:0004731 The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. UBERON:0011997 coelem coelomic coelomic cavity enterocoelom haemocoelom schizocoelom uberon segment of autopod UBERON:0012139 uberon digitopodium region A segment of the autopod consisting of both acropodial region and metapodial region, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial region. UBERON:0012140 acropodium (Wagner) https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod some sources call this the acropodium. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod uberon skeleton of digitopodium A subdivision of the autopod skeleton consisting of both acropodial skeleon and metapodial skeleton, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial skeleton. UBERON:0012150 digitopodium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod skeleton of digits some sources call this the acropodium. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod uberon columnar epithelium An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified] UBERON:0012274 uberon meso-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:86452 UBERON:0012275 mesoderm-derived epithelium mesoepithelium uberon embryonic cloacal fold EHDAA2:0004009 One of the pair of mesenchymal swellings (folds) located on either side of the cloacal membrane during the indifferent stage of embryonic development; cranial to the cloacal membrane the folds unite to form the genital tubercle; caudally the folds are subdivided into urogenital folds anteriorly and anal folds posteriorly UBERON:0012292 We presume this is distinct from AAO:0001003, an external integumentary structure - check with amphibian anatomy ontology developers. AO notes: the text def states mesenchymal swelling, EHDAA2 splits into mesenchymal and epithelial parts cloacal fold uberon fin skeleton Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in a single fin. UBERON:0012353 skeleton of fin uberon acropodium region The segment of the autopod that is distal to the metapodial region and consists of the digits. UBERON:0012354 acropodial limb segment acropodial region acropodial segment of autopod class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones set of digits uberon digitopodium bone A bone that is part of a the digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the acropodial skeleton or the metapodial skeleton. UBERON:0012357 digit bone uberon internal anal region EHDAA2:0004588 UBERON:0012361 uberon hemopoietic tissue Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. Also known as hemopoietic tissue Bone marrow in humans, kidney interstitium in Danio, within a stroma of reticuloendothelial tissue CALOHA:TS-2142 FMA:14073 UBERON:0012429 UMLS:C0229619 bone marrow tissue haemopoietic tissue hematopoietic tissue textus haemopoieticus uberon external anal region EHDAA2:0004589 UBERON:0012469 uberon skeleton of pelvic complex FMA:24140 The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. UBERON:0012476 bones of lower limb lower limb skeleton ossa membri inferioris pelvic complex skeleton set of bones of lower limb skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle uberon serous acinus FMA:86279 The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. UBERON:0013232 acinus of serous gland uberon embryonic urethral groove In humans, the urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. It typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week The precursor of the urethra UBERON:0013241 sulcus urethralis primarius uberon urethral groove urethral sulcus space surrounding organism The space that surrounds an organism. UBERON:0013514 external to organism outside of body uberon subdivision of tube UBERON:0013522 uberon anatomical conduit space 2 2 An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 UBERON:0013686 foramen space uberon main body axis A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. UBERON:0013701 uberon body proper AEO:0000103 BTO:0001489 Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. EMAPA:36031 FMA:231424 The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. UBERON:0013702 body uberon whole body integumentary projection Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. UBERON:0013703 skin projection uberon integumentary system layer A organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. UBERON:0013754 layer of skin skin layer uberon venous blood A blood that is part of a vein. FMA:83067 UBERON:0013756 blood in vein portion of venous blood uberon venous blood digestive system element Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. UBERON:0013765 digestive organ digestive system organ uberon future telencephalon EHDAA2:0004424 EMAPA:36024 Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon. TAO:0000571 UBERON:0014371 ZFA:0000571 paired anteriolateral division of the embryonic prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived[MP] presumptive telencephalon uberon thoracic skeleton EHDAA2:0002013 FMA:77169 Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. UBERON:0014477 skeleton of thorax thoracic part of axial skeleton thoracic skeleton uberon interlobular duct A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. UBERON:0014716 uberon intralobular duct A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular UBERON:0014719 intralobular ductule uberon skeletal muscle organ A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). AAO:0011099 BTO:0001103 CALOHA:TS-0933 EFO:0000888 EHDAA:5035 EHDAA:5043 EHDAA:5978 EHDAA:5984 EMAPA:35988 EV:0100377 GAID:141 MA:0003148 MAT:0000302 MESH:D018482 MIAA:0000302 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005277 UBERON:0014892 VHOG:0000319 XAO:0000174 ZFA:0005277 skeletal muscle uberon primordial vasculature A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. EFO:0003708 TAO:0005076 UBERON:0014903 ZFA:0005076 uberon phalanx endochondral element A phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. UBERON:0015023 phalanx element phalanx skeletal element uberon limb endochondral element A limb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. UBERON:0015061 limb bone endochondral element limb bone skeletal element uberon autopod endochondral element A endochondral element that is part of a autopod region. UBERON:0015063 uberon autopod cartilage A autopod endochondral element that is composed primarily of a cartilage tissue. UBERON:0015064 uberon lateral structure Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. This class is primarily to implement taxon constraints. It may be removed in the future. UBERON:0015212 uberon circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. SPD:0000130 UBERON:0015228 cardiac pump cardiac structure circulatory vessel heart heart or heart like organ uberon heart plus pericardium MA:0002449 UBERON:0015410 heart/pericardium uberon heterogeneous tissue FMA:62798 UBERON:0015757 portion of heterogeneous tissue uberon foregut epithelium A epithelium that is part of a foregut. EMAPA:32922 MA:0003204 UBERON:0015833 uberon pit AEO:0000204 An roughly circular indentation in a surface. UBERON:0016566 uberon future central nervous system Primordium that develops into the central nervous system UBERON:0016879 UBERON:3000469 future CNS presumptive central nervous system uberon future nervous system AAO:0000477 Primordium that develops into the nervous system UBERON:0016880 UBERON:3000477 presumptive nervous system uberon entire extraembryonic component AEO:0000195 EHDAA2:0000003 EMAPA:16042 The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. UBERON:0016887 extra-embryonic component extraembryonic component uberon transitional anatomical structure AEO:0000132 An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. UBERON:0016888 uberon developing mesenchymal structure A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. AEO:0001016 UBERON:0017650 uberon abdominal viscera A viscus that is part of a abdomen. FMA:32413 FMA:67355 UBERON:0017672 abdominal viscera abdominal viscera set set of abdominal viscera uberon skeletal musculature Added for consistency with MA EMAPA and EHDAA2. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/104 EHDAA2:0001842 EMAPA:35578 MA:0000165 UBERON:0018254 uberon layer of muscle tissue Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. FMA:45634 NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only UBERON:0018260 uberon heart vasculature An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. FMA:73747 UBERON:0018674 ZFA:0005811 cardiac vasculature uberon bladder organ A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. BTO:0000123 UBERON:0018707 bladder uberon developing neuroepithelium AEO:0001008 An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. BTO:0000314 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004654 FMA:64807 UBERON:0034705 embryonic neuroepithelium neurepithelium neuroepithelium uberon proliferating neuroepithelium AEO:0001009 An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. UBERON:0034706 uberon differentiating neuroepithelium A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. AEO:0001010 UBERON:0034707 uberon cranial neuron projection bundle Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain UBERON:0034713 cranial nerve fiber bundle cranial nerve fiber tract cranial nerve or tract neuron projection bundle from brain uberon morphological feature A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. UBERON:0034768 uberon lymphomyeloid tissue FMA:79770 UBERON:0034769 uberon bodily gas Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. FMA:84580 UBERON:0034873 gas in anatomical space portion of gas in anatomical space uberon air in respiratory system Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. FMA:84581 UBERON:0034874 respiratory air respiratory system air uberon multi organ part structure An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 UBERON:0034921 anatomical cluster uberon cell cluster A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. CARO:0020002 FMA:62807 UBERON:0034922 uberon anatomical collection A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. UBERON:0034925 resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected uberon external soft tissue zone A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. UBERON:0034929 uberon epithelium of biliary system BTO:0001513 The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. UBERON:0034932 biliary epithelium biliary system epithelium biliary tract epithelium uberon zone of organ FMA:55268 UBERON:0034944 organ region with floating fiat boundary organ sector organ zonal region organ zone uberon gas in respiratory system Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. UBERON:0034947 respiratory gas respiratory system gas uberon epithelial layer of duct UBERON:0034969 duct epithelium ductal epithelium uberon excretory duct UBERON:0035050 uberon future mouth FMA:293105 The primordial mouth region of the developing head. UBERON:0035804 primitive mouth primordial mouth uberon preplacodal ectoderm Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon ZFA:0007013 teleost_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy external integument structure Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon amphibian_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy digit plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. UBERON:5002544 digit digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue digit digitopodial subdivision digit ray this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. uberon individual digit of digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of a single digit plus the associated metapodial element. UBERON:5102544 digit digit skeleton this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a 'digit', but the label 'digit' is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials. uberon injection site a medical intervention site that is used for injection of a substance. YH, SS, ZX ready for release pending final vetting axiom holds for all times UMLS_CUI C140 Level C98 MeSH_DUI C134 MeSH_CUI C176 true AHC0 RxNorm_Name C819 RxNorm_CUI C818 Status C27489601424203 NDF-RT2 Public NDF-RT2 [Public Edition] MeSH_Definition C142 Display_Name C264 SNOMED_CID C28502475289736 VANDF_Record C262721 NUI C10490107818172 VUID C262777 FDA_UNII C12847068852884 Synonym C136 MeSH_Name C287 Kelly Yang Darrell R. Abernethy Elizabeth Blair Qingping Liu Barry Smith Bingjian Yang Keith Burkhart Liwei Wang An ontology for the annotation of the adverse event domain. Luca Toldo 2017-05-06 Abra Guo Jiangan Xie "Asiyah" Yu Lin Desikan Jagannathan Izabela Birsanescu Zuoshuang "Allen" Xiang Edison Ong Yongqun "Oliver" He (YH) Kevin Mo Mathias Brochhausen OAE: Ontology of Adverse Events OWL-DL Product version Sydni Joubran Sydni Joubran Meiu Wong Sirarat Sarntivijai Rebecca Racz Noemi Garg Shelley Zhang The Ontology of Adverse Eventsy (OAE) is a biomedical ontology in the domain of adverse events. OAE aims to standardize adverse event annotation, integrate various adverse event data, and support computer-assisted reasoning. OAE is a community-based ontology. Its development follows the OBO Foundry principles. Vaccine adverse events have been used as an initial testing use case. OAE also studies adverse events associated with the administration of drug and nutritional products, the operation of surgeries, and the usage of medical devices, etc. Vision Release; 1.1.355