Becky Steck Christopher Park John F. O’Toole Matthias Kretzler Sean Mooney Anthony Huffman Asiyah Yu Lin Fred Dowd Hong Yu Hong Yu Jennifer Schaub Jie Zheng Long Tran Qingliang Leon Li Suyuan Peng Yongqun "Oliver" He (YH) 8-13-2022 OPMI is a biomedical ontology in the area of precision medicine and its related investigations. It is community-driven and developed by following the OBO Foundry ontology development principles. OWL-DL OPMI subject: Precision medicine and related investigations OPMI: Ontology of Precision Medicine and Investigation http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Vision Release: 1.0.161 BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label BFO OWL specification label BFO CLIF specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label BFO CLIF specification label editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage example of usage has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status definition definition textual definition English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> DEFINITION definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note 1 editor_note editor note editor note definition editor term editor Name of editor entering the definition in the file. The definition editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The definition editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115. 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition editor definition editor term editor term editor alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative term alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg IAO:0000232 uberon curator_notes 1 curator_notes curator note curator note curator notes term tracker item term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from imported from expand expression to expand expression to expand assertion to OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) has associated axiom(fol) C3829466 NCIT_C106180 term_mapping_to_UMLS term_mapping_to_NCIT A property created to allow the source NICHD to assign a parent to each concept with the intent of creating a hierarchy that includes only terms in which they are the contributing source. A11 Conceptual Entity Has_NICHD_Parent Has_NICHD_Parent Has_NICHD_Parent true NHC0 code code code The semantic type describes the sort of thing or category to which a concept belongs in the context of the UMLS semantic network. P106 Conceptual Entity Semantic Type Semantic_Type In general, applying semantic types aids in allowing users (or computer programs) to draw conclusions about concepts by virtue of the categories to which they have been assigned. We use a set of semantic types developed for the UMLS Metathesaurus. There are currently 134 semantic types in the UMLS. Semantic_Type Semantic_Type Provides an alternative Preferred Name for use in some NCI systems. P107 Conceptual Entity Display Name Display_Name Display Name Display_Name Display_Name The word or phrase that NCI uses by preference to refer to the concept. P108 Conceptual Entity Preferred Name Preferred_Name Preferred Name Preferred Term Preferred_Name Preferred_Name Concept Unique Identifiers, or CUIs, are concept numbers assigned by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). If a concept in any NCI-maintained knowledgebase exists in the NLM Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), NCI includes the NLM CUI among the information we provide about the concept. P207 Conceptual Entity UMLS CUI UMLS_CUI UMLS_CUI UMLS_CUI Contains a Concept Unique Identifier for those concepts that appear in NCI Metathesaurus but not in the NLM UMLS. P208 Conceptual Entity NCI Metathesaurus CUI NCI_META_CUI NCI_META_CUI NCI_META_CUI An NCI Thesaurus property used to indicate the standing of a concept in relation to currently accepted classifications and concepts. In NCI Thesaurus concept status subtype indicates concepts with unusual and problematic characteristics that should be evaluated by people and/or programs before those concept are used. P310 Conceptual Entity Concept Status Concept_Status Concept_Status Concept_Status This property is used to indicate when a non-EVS entity has contributed to, and has a stake in, a concept. This is used where such entities, within or outside NCI, have indicated the need to be able to track their own concepts. A single concept can have multiple instances of this property if multiple entities have such a defined stake. P322 Conceptual Entity Contributing Source Contributing_Source Contributing_Source Contributing_Source English language definitions of what a source other than NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They include information about the definition's source in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. P325 Conceptual Entity [source] Definition ALT_DEFINITION ALT_DEFINITION ALT_DEFINITION true A retired unique concept identifier created and stored as Concept Name by legacy EVS software. Use of these values was long discouraged, but continued as late as 2009 when creation of new values ceased and Concept Name was retired. Legacy values are intended solely to help resolve and update earlier coding. P366 Conceptual Entity Legacy Concept Name Legacy Concept Name Legacy_Concept_Name P371 Conceptual Entity NICHD_Hierarchy_Term NICHD NICHD_Hierarchy_Term NICHD_Hierarchy_Term Design notes are notations made by NCI vocabulary curators. They are intended to provide supplemental, unstructured information to the user or additional insight about the concept. P98 Conceptual Entity DesignNote DesignNote DesignNote DesignNote has_MedDRA_id ISA alternative term An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org). Requested by Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3603413&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person: Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org) ISA alternative term NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term An alternative term used by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Genomic Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCID) and Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC). PERSON: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term IEDB alternative term An alternative term used by the IEDB. PERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters IEDB IEDB alternative term A subproperty of seeAlso that represents a NCIT identifier mapped to the specified term Oliver He term mapping to NCIT ID A subproperty of seeAlso that represents a UMLS CUI identifier mapped to the specified term Oliver He term mapping to UMLS CUI An annotation property that refers to a code defined by NCIT NCIT code alternative term in Chinese An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation temporal interpretation https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/temporal-semantics/ https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves' x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL. Chris Mungall ?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y never in taxon An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon. taxonomic class assertion S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. RO:0002174 uberon dubious_for_taxon 1 1 dubious_for_taxon this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost dubious_for_taxon S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S RO:0002175 applicable for taxon uberon present_in_taxon 1 1 present_in_taxon present_in_taxon An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL. logical macro assertion https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ShortcutRelations A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL logical macro assertion on a class A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property logical macro assertion on a property logical macro assertion on an object property logical macro assertion on an annotation property relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' Chris Mungall is direct form of An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. UBPROP:0000001 uberon external_definition 1 external_definition This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO external_definition A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology. UBPROP:0000002 uberon axiom_lost_from_external_ontology 1 axiom_lost_from_external_ontology This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO axiom_lost_from_external_ontology Notes on the homology status of this class. UBPROP:0000003 uberon homology_notes 1 homology_notes This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO homology_notes Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. UBPROP:0000007 uberon has_relational_adjective 1 has_relational_adjective has_relational_adjective Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. UBPROP:0000008 uberon taxon_notes 1 taxon_notes taxon_notes Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000010 uberon structure_notes 1 structure_notes structure_notes Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000011 uberon development_notes 1 development_notes development_notes Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000012 uberon external_ontology_notes 1 external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000013 uberon terminology_notes 1 terminology_notes terminology_notes A metadata relation between a class and its taxonomic rank (eg species, family) ncbi_taxonomy has_rank Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. uberon dc-contributor 1 dc-contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Contributor Contributor contributor Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Creator Creator Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Date Date Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. An account of the content of the resource. Description Description Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). The physical or digital manifestation of the resource. Format Format The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. Source Source Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme. The topic of the content of the resource. Subject and Keywords Subject and Keywords Mark Miller 2018-05-11T13:47:29Z has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. FULL_SYN Synonym with Source Data has exact synonym has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym Used to associate the concept defining a particular terminology subset with concepts that belong to this subset. Concept_In_Subset in subset in_subset shorthand label label label uberon foaf-depicted_by 1 foaf-depicted_by depicted_by is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 uberon part_of part_of part of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 uberon has_part has_part has part has part bearer of bearer_of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse.owl is bearer of is_bearer_of realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by BFO:0000062 is preceded by takes place after uberon preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded_by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 uberon precedes precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process span-of spanOf [copied from inverse property 'occupies temporal region'] p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001]) has temporal occupant x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer cjm 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 uberon anterior_to anterior_to anterior_to x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 uberon dorsal_to dorsal_to dorsal_to x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 uberon ventral_to ventral_to ventral_to Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:0000107 uberon deep_to deep_to deep_to Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:0000108 uberon superficial_to superficial_to superficial_to X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. BSPO:0000124 uberon in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. BSPO:0000125 uberon in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure BSPO:0000126 uberon in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y BSPO:0001106 uberon proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of has measurement unit label This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named. A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically denotes is a primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r person:Alan Ruttenberg Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan denotes inverse of the relation 'denotes' Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Mike Conlon denoted by relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process Person:Alan Ruttenberg is duration of An adverse event has a participant quality, such as a hyperkalemia AE has a participatn quality blood potassium increased. an object property that represents a relation between a process and a quality, in which the process has a participant that has the quality. This is a shortcut relation of the following full version: 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' ) in: process 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' some quality) Yongqun He has participant quality a 'occurs in' relation that is applied at the adverse event setting and indicates where an adverse event occurs in. Yongqun He adverse event occurs in AE occurs in a specific 'preceded by' object property that has a domain of an adverse event. Yongqun He adverse event preceded by provides_service_consumer_with The provides_service_consumer_with relation links the service to its primary process it provides for the consumer (as opposed to secondary processual parts of a service process such as payment or documentation). For example, a 'DNA sequencing service' provides_service_consumer_with 'DNA sequencing' as the essential process performed by the provider for the client. A relation between a service and the primary processual part of the service that is performed by the provider for the consumer. provides_service_consumer_with is_supported_by_data The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process OBI OBI Philly 2011 workshop is_supported_by_data has_specified_input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. The inverse property of is_specified_input_of 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has_specified_input is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_input_of has_specified_output has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. The inverse property of is_specified_output_of PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_specified_output is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective has grain the relation of the cells in the finger of the skin to the finger, in which an indeterminate number of grains are parts of the whole by virtue of being grains in a collective that is part of the whole, and in which removing one granular part does not nec- essarily damage or diminish the whole. Ontological Whether there is a fixed, or nearly fixed number of parts - e.g. fingers of the hand, chambers of the heart, or wheels of a car - such that there can be a notion of a single one being missing, or whether, by contrast, the number of parts is indeterminate - e.g., cells in the skin of the hand, red cells in blood, or rubber molecules in the tread of the tire of the wheel of the car. Discussion in Karslruhe with, among others, Alan Rector, Stefan Schulz, Marijke Keet, Melanie Courtot, and Alan Ruttenberg. Definition take from the definition of granular parthood in the cited paper. Needs work to put into standard form PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PAPER: Granularity, scale and collectivity: When size does and does not matter, Alan Rector, Jeremy Rogers, Thomas Bittner, Journal of Biomedical Informatics 39 (2006) 333-349 has grain objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI OBI objective_achieved_by has organization member has value specification A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has value specification BFO relation takes precedence. We anticipate BFO 2.0 including and defining this relation. When it does, we will obsolete this property and declare it equivalent to the BFO 2.0 relation. is-aggregate-of true A kidney biopsy protocol is executed in a kidney biopsy process. A shortcut relation that is concretized and realized in some process. Jie Zheng, Oliver He executed in A 'has part' object property that has the range of a textual question Oliver He has question form generated by An object property that indicates a relation between a question and an answer has answer to question has answer An object property that represents a relation between a form and a question where the question sets up an exclusion criterion. Specifically, when the answer to the question is Yes, the candidate becomes ineligible for the participation of a study. Fred Dowd, Oliver He has exclusion question An object property that represents a relation between a form and a question where the question sets up an inclusion criterion. Specifically, when the answer to the question is Yes, then the candidate fulfills a criterion for being eligible for participating in a study. Note that there might be other criteria that the candidate also need to meet in order to be fully eligible. Meanwhile, if the answer is No, the candidate may still be eligible depending on the other restriction. Fred Dowd, Oliver He has inclusion question has process quality An object property that represents a relation between a person with a biological sex and a process where the person has a specific susceptbility to a process Anthony Huffman, Oliver He has sex-specific susceptibility to An object property that represents a relation between a person with a biological sex and a process where the person has an increased susceptbility to a process compared to corresponding male population Anthony Huffman, Oliver He has increased susceptibility compared to male to Male has increased susceptibility to death due to COVID-19 infection compared to female. Note that in this case, the male can mean one single male individual. however, the female here means the whole female population. It is reported that the ratio of deaths in COVID-19 infected males to females is 1·21:1 in high-income countries, but 2·8:1 in low-income countries (Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8023692/). An object property that represents a relation between a person with a biological sex and a process where the person has an increased susceptbility to a process compared to corresponding female population Anthony Huffman, Oliver He has increased susceptibility compared to female to An object property that represents a relation between a person with a biological sex and a process where the person has an increased susceptbility to a process compared to the whole population with all sexes included Anthony Huffman, Oliver He has increased sex-specific susceptibility compared to sex baseline to A care_site has a care_site_id (OMOP: http://ohdsi.github.io/CommonDataModel/cdm54.html#CARE_SITE) An object property that represents a relation between an entity and its corresponding identifier that is owned by the entity. Oliver He, Long Tran has identifier A patient was admitted to the hospital from home or a long-term care facility. An object property that represents a relation between a patient and a site from which the patient was admitted. Long Tran, Oliver He http://ohdsi.github.io/CommonDataModel/cdm54.html#VISIT_OCCURRENCE admitted from After a visit, a person was discharged to home or a long-term care site. Typically this applies only to visits that have a length of stay of a day or more. An object property that represents a relation between a patient and a site to which the patient was discharged after a visit. http://ohdsi.github.io/CommonDataModel/cdm54.html#VISIT_OCCURRENCE discharged to An admission diagnosis status has the content of adimission diagnosis (as an information content entity). An object property that represents a relation between a status and an information content entity where the status has its content information defined by the information content entity. Oliver He, Long Tran has status content inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. 'inheres in at all times' inheres_in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer of bearer_of is bearer of bearer of bearer_of has characteristic is bearer of participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro.owl http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant has_participant concretizes A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl It is recommended to not use this if possible in OMRSE. According to OntoBee this relation has been obsoleted and replaced with 'concretization of at all times'. As of Dec. 2, 2013 iao-main still uses this relation. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of function of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role derives from this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime location_of RO:0001015 uberon location_of location_of location of location_of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in RO:0001025 file:/Users/michaelashburner/Desktop/gaz/gaz.oboInOwl uberon located_in located_in located in located_in located_in (type level) RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary has_boundary has boundary RO:0002007 uberon bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of David Osumi-Sutherland <= Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. David Osumi-Sutherland RO:0002082 coincides_with is_equal_to uberon simultaneous_with simultaneous_with t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with simultaneous_with David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. RO:0002087 directly preceded by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately_preceded_by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland io X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during David Osumi-Sutherland d during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) RO:0002176 uberon connects connects connects RO:0002202 uberon develops_from develops_from develops_from RO:0002203 uberon develops_into develops_into develops_into process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates regulates (processual) mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y) capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) capable of part of 'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation Chris Mungall has agent has active participant x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y Chris Mungall RO:0002219 uberon surrounded_by surrounded_by surrounded by surrounded by surrounded_by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall RO:0002220 uberon adjacent_to adjacent_to adjacent to adjacent_to inverse of surrounded by inverse of surrounded_by Chris Mungall RO:0002221 uberon surrounds surrounds surrounds surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. RO:0002223 uberon starts starts starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by RO:0002224 uberon starts_with starts_with starts with starts with Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. RO:0002229 finishes uberon ends ends ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by RO:0002230 uberon ends_with ends_with ends with ends with p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces has output RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. RO:0002256 uberon developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) developmentally_induced_by RO:0002258 uberon developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by developmentally preceded by RO:0002285 uberon developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time. enables Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO RO:0002351 uberon has_member has_member has member has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall input of inverse of has output Chris Mungall output of Chris Mungall formed as result of x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into has potential to develop into This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within RO:0002433 uberon contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of contributes to morphology of 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y Chris Mungall UBREL:0000002 RO:0002473 uberon composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of composed primarily of Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. BFO:0000068 RO:0002488 begins_to_exist_during uberon existence_starts_during existence_starts_during existence starts during Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. RO:0002489 uberon existence_starts_with existence_starts_with existence starts with Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. BFO:0000069 RO:0002492 ceases_to_exist_during uberon existence_ends_during existence_ends_during existence ends during Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with existence_ends_with existence ends with RO:0002494 transforms from uberon transformation_of transformation_of transformation of RO:0002495 direct_transformation_of immediately transforms from uberon immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate transformation of RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after existence starts during or after RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entities A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future Chris Mungall determined by (system to material entity) Chris Mungall Pier Buttigieg RO:0002507 uberon has_material_contribution_from has_material_contribution_from determined by has material contribution from inverse of determined by Chris Mungall determines (material entity to system) determines s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. Chris Mungall determined by part of A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. RO:0002551 uberon has sekeletal support has supporting framework has_skeleton has_skeleton has skeleton Chris Mungall causally influenced by (material entity to material entity) causally influenced by Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b Chris Mungall causally influences (material entity to material entity) causally influences RO:0002572 uberon luminal_space_of luminal_space_of luminal space of RO:0002576 uberon skeleton_of skeleton_of skeleton of Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process Inverse of 'causal agent in' has causal agent A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. related via dependence to RO:0003000 uberon produces produces produces RO:0003001 uberon produced_by produced_by produced_by carries uberon channel_for channel for x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. uberon conduit_for conduit for uberon existence_starts_and_ends_during existence starts and ends during X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. uberon in_central_side_of in_central_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern uberon subdivision_of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision of http://purl.org/obo/owl/relationship OBO_REL:0000007 relationship has_proper_part has_proper_part has measurement value The data type "last 4 digits of social security number" has digit number of 4. A data property that represents a relation between a data type and a number of integer digits that the data type has. Oliver He has digit number quality measured by year entity Entity entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity continuant Continuant continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant occurrent Occurrent occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region process Process process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity quality Quality quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant specifically dependent continuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role fiat object fiat object part object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region material MaterialEntity material entity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history Material anatomical entity that is a member of an individual species or is a viral or viroid particle. organism or virus or viroid A cardiovascular drug that tends to raise reduced blood pressure. Wikipedia:Antihypotensive_agent chebi_ontology antihypotensive agents pressor pressors vasopressor agens vasopressor agent CHEBI:137431 antihypotensive agent peptide Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. peptide Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6. 0 C9H11N2O4SR 243.26000 243.04395 [H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC([*])=O)C(O)=O CHEBI:14742 CHEBI:25869 CHEBI:7961 CiteXplore:12833570 CiteXplore:1502708 CiteXplore:16033609 CiteXplore:7798534 KEGG COMPOUND:C00395 KEGG:C00395 PMID:11851248 PMID:12833570 PMID:1502708 PMID:16033609 PMID:7061385 PMID:7798534 Wikipedia:Penicillin Penicillin penicillin penicillins chebi_ontology C9H11N2O4SR [H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC([*])=O)C(O)=O penicillins CHEBI:17334 penicillin A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. 0 C7H5NO3SR2 183.18500 182.99901 [H][C@]12SCC([*])=C(N1C(=O)[C@H]2[*])C(O)=O CHEBI:3538 CiteXplore:12833570 CiteXplore:6762896 KEGG COMPOUND:C00875 KEGG:C00875 PMID:10069359 PMID:11936371 PMID:12833570 PMID:24269048 PMID:3320614 PMID:6762896 PMID:8426246 Wikipedia:Cephalosporin Cephalosporin chebi_ontology C7H5NO3SR2 [H][C@]12SCC([*])=C(N1C(=O)[C@H]2[*])C(O)=O cephalosphorin cephalosphorins cephalosporins CHEBI:23066 cephalosporin molecular entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity cyclic amide cyclic amides CHEBI:23443 cyclic amide A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity CHEBI:24531 heterocyclic antibiotic A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. chebi_ontology organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids CHEBI:24833 oxoacid Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. lactam lactams chebi_ontology Laktam Laktame lactams CHEBI:24995 lactam Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule chebi_ontology organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotics CHEBI:25558 organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:25865 penicillanic acids sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entities CHEBI:26835 sulfur molecular entity chebi_ontology heterobicyclic compounds organic heterobicyclic compounds CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring. CHEBI:10427 CHEBI:22844 KEGG:C03438 PMID:19254642 PMID:22594007 Wikipedia:Beta-lactam_antibiotic chebi_ontology beta-Lactam antibiotics beta-lactam antibiotics CHEBI:27933 beta-lactam antibiotic An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:22473 CHEBI:2633 KEGG COMPOUND:C00241 KEGG:C00241 Amide amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide atom A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. CHEBI:23010 CHEBI:25714 Wikipedia:Organosulfur_compounds organosulfur compound chebi_ontology organosulfur compounds CHEBI:33261 organosulfur compound A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. An oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13428 CHEBI:13627 CHEBI:23027 CiteXplore:17147560 CiteXplore:18433345 PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids chebi_ontology CHO2R Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure OC([*])=O RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology cyclic compounds CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity A molecule that features two fused rings. bicyclic compounds CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compounds chebi_ontology polyheterocyclic compounds CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. heterobicyclic compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:33672 heterobicyclic compound An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. A p-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity nucleic acid A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. nucleic acid Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. chebi_ontology organic cyclic compounds CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound macromolecule A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. polymer macromolecule Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound chebi_ontology carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid A beta-lactam is a lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. 0 C3H2NOR3 68.054 68.01364 C1(C(N(*)C1*)=O)* CHEBI:10426 CHEBI:13203 CHEBI:22845 KEGG COMPOUND:C01866 KEGG:C01866 Wikipedia:Beta-lactam beta-Lactam beta-lactam chebi_ontology a beta-lactam beta-lactams CHEBI:35627 beta-lactam Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified. penams chebi_ontology CHEBI:35992 penams Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity pseudoketone pseudoketones pseudoketones CHEBI:36585 pseudoketone Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds organic oxo compounds CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound A cyclic compound in which a carbonyl group in a ring is bonded to one or two skeletal heteroatoms. cyclic pseudoketones CHEBI:36588 cyclic pseudoketone An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. CiteXplore:17586126 PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] CHEBI:35354 CHEBI:35355 carboxamides chebi_ontology carboxamides primary carboxamide CHEBI:37622 carboxamide Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. chebi_ontology heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology heterocyclic organosulfur compounds organosulfur heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38106 organosulfur heterocyclic compound CHEBI:25429 CHEBI:38075 chebi_ontology organic heteropolycyclic compounds CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound chebi_ontology cephems CHEBI:38311 cephem Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG COMPOUND:C06061 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:5686 heterocyclic compound Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule cell cell PMID:18089833.Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):12018-25. "...Epithelial cells were harvested from histologically confirmed adenocarcinomas .." A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. cell cell cultured cell A cell in vitro that is or has been maintained or propagated as part of a cell culture. cultured cell experimentally modified cell in vitro A cell in vitro that has undergone physical changes as a consequence of a deliberate and specific experimental procedure. experimentally modified cell in vitro A quantitative or qualitative value which is the result of an act of assessing a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or a group of individuals or samples, based on direct observation or experimental manipulation. clinical measurement Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter pertaining to the heart and/or blood vessels. cardiovascular measurement The number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time. heart rate Measurement of the pressure, or force per area, exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels. The pressure is dependent on the energy of the heart action, elasticity of the vessel walls and volume and viscosity of the blood. Not4Curation blood pressure measurement The maximum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, i.e. at the point at which the heart is in its maximal state of contraction. This is the time when the blood is forced from the ventricles of the heart into the pulmonary artery and the aorta. systolic blood pressure The minimum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion. This is the time when the ventricles fill with blood. diastolic blood pressure The minimum pressure in the heart left ventricle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion and the ventricles fill with blood. left ventricular diastolic blood pressure Measurement of the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta. left ventricular systolic blood pressure A blood pressure measurement which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Blood pressure is the pressure, or force per area, exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels. The pressure is dependent on the energy of the heart action, elasticity of the vessel walls and volume and viscosity of the blood. Not4Curation calculated blood pressure The average blood pressure within an artery over a specified period of time. It is often calculated using the formula of one third systolic pressure plus two thirds diastolic pressure, or alternatively, using the formula diastolic pressure plus 1/3 of the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (i.e. 1/3 pulse pressure). mean arterial blood pressure A calculated value for the difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure at a given point in time when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled. developed blood pressure The level of heat in an organism. body temperature A measurement of the physical form or structure of the heart, the chambered, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system. This is the term which was just "heart measurement". Since it was under body morphological measurement it seemed to clearly refer to a morphological measurement. I made this term more specific so that another term for "heart measurement" could be added to the ontology above it which would also be a parent to other non-morphological heart-related terms. JRS 2-15-2012. heart morphological measurement The heaviness of the heart (the central cardiac muscle which maintains the circulation of the blood) or the degree to which it is drawn to the earth by gravity. heart weight A calculated measurement of the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure in the heart left ventricle at a given point in time in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled. left ventricular developed pressure Measurement of the structure or forms of the entire body or parts of the body of an organism. anthropometric measurement morphometry body morphological measurement A quantification of a parameter of the chemical composition of blood. blood molecular composition measurement blood chemistry measurement mshimoyama 2010-12-13T10:32:58Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of one or more of the various, specific types of leukocytes present in a sample of blood for which a total white blood cell count was taken, usually 1 cubic mm of peripheral venous blood. calculated blood differential WBC count calculated blood differential leukocyte count calculated differential white blood cell count The amount of hemoglobin in a specific volume of blood, expressed as grams per deciliter of whole blood in humans. blood haemoglobin level blood hemoglobin level The number of white blood cells in a specified volume of blood. leukocyte count white corpuscle count white blood cell count Any measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in blood. blood protein measurement The number of platelets (thrombocytes) in a specified volume of blood, usually expressed as platelets per cubic millimeter of whole blood. platelet count A measurement of the blood, it's contents, cells or other factors contained within the blood. blood measurement A value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of blood cells, i.e. cells native to the circulation, including those of erythroid, lymphoid, myeloid and monocytic lineages. A cell is a membrane-enclosed protoplasmic mass constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning. blood cell measurement The level of urea in the blood in terms of nitrogen content; converted to urea concentration by multiplying by 60/28 or 2.14. Urea is the chief nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism in whole blood. Urea is formed in the liver from amino acids and from ammonia compounds and can be found in urine, blood, and lymph. BUN level blood urea nitrogen level Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of a blood-derived lipid, any of a structurally diverse group of organic compounds found in blood that are insoluble in water but soluble innonpolar solvents that, among other biological functions, serve as a source of fuel and are an important constituent of cell structure. blood lipid measurement Measurement of the entire amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, without taking into account any association with other molecules such as lipoproteins, in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. blood TC level blood total cholesterol level Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) molecules in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. HDL is the smallest of the major lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The HDL class of lipoproteins, specifically the subtypes of HDL2 and HDL3, have densities between 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml. blood HDL level blood HDL-C Values for density ranges of the lipoprotein classes are approximate. The classes may be defined differently by different researchers, in part because class definitions depend on the number of subclasses into which the lipoprotein fractions are divided. blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level Measurement of the amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules in a specified volume of blood, the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. LDL constitute a class of relatively large, heterogeneous lipoprotein particles, complex molecules that consist of a protein membrane surrounding a core of lipids. The LDL class of lipoproteins has a density between 1.019 and 1.063 g/ml. In some animal species, such as canine and rodents, this may overlap with the HDL1 class and be designated LDL/HDL1. blood LDL level blood LDL-C level Values for density ranges of the lipoprotein classes are approximate. The classes may be defined differently by different researchers, in part because class definitions depend on the number of subclasses into which the lipoprotein fractions are divided. blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol level Measurement of the total amount of all proteins, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, found in a specific volume of plasma, the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. plasma total protein level A quantification of one or more mineral salts found in the blood in the form of electrically charged ions. blood electrolyte measurement Any quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by an enzyme in a specified sample of blood. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reaction(s). Not4Curation blood enzyme activity level A measurement of the physical form and structure of an organ. This is the term which used to be just "organ measurement". Since it was under body morphological measurement, it clearly referred to a morphological measurement. Because a term for organ measurement was needed that was not morphological, and since this one already had annotations, I changed the term while keeping the ID and location in the ontology the same. JRS 2-15-2012. organ morphological measurement The weight of the heart after removal from the body but without desiccation. heart wet weight The weight of the heart after desiccation. heart dry weight The weight of the lower left chamber of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta into the systemic arteries, after removal from the body and separation from the rest of the heart but without desiccation. heart left ventricle wet weight The weight of the lower right chamber of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, after removal from the body and separation from the rest of the heart but without desiccation. heart right ventricle wet weight calculated heart weight A calculated value in which the weight of the heart, the chambered, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system, is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism. heart weight to body weight ratio A calculated value in which the weight of the heart, the chambered, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries, thereby maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system, is presented as percentage of the total weight of the body, thus normalizing it to body weight. heart weight as percentage of body weight The weight of the aorta, the main trunk from which the arterial system proceeds. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn to the earth by gravity. aorta weight Any quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of one or more blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body. blood vessel measurement renal/urinary measurement The weight of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. kidney weight The weight of the right kidney, the organ which lies on the right side of the body from the perspective of the subject and functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation. right kidney wet weight The weight of the left kidney, the organ which lies on the left side of the body from the perspective of the subject and functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation. left kidney wet weight The weight of a single kidney, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation. individual kidney wet weight single kidney wet weight The weight of both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation. both kidneys wet weight Measurement of the physical form or structure of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. kidney morphological measurement mshimoyama 2009-12-17T08:17:35Z A calculated value which compares the weight of the right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, with the weight of the left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body, and presents it as a ratio. heart right ventricle weight to left ventricle weight ratio mshimoyama 2009-12-17T08:22:51Z The number of granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) in a specified volume of blood, usually 1 cubic millimeter. blood granulocyte count mshimoyama 2009-12-17T10:21:58Z The amount of lipoproteins, any of a group of conjugated proteins that have at least one lipid component, in a specific volume of blood. blood lipoprotein level mshimoyama 2009-12-17T11:00:47Z Measurement of the amount of creatinine in a specified sample of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is a nitrogenous compound formed in muscle as the end product of creatine metabolism. Blood and urine tests for creatinine are used as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass. urine creatinine level mshimoyama 2010-06-24T01:24:08Z Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the skeletal, smooth and/or heart muscles of the body. muscle morphological measurement mshimoyama 2009-12-17T11:01:46Z The amount of albumin in a specified volume of urine. Urine albumin levels which are above normal but not detectable with routine protein testing are referred to as microalbuminuria. urine microalbumin level urine albumin level RNigam 2010-05-17T01:48:45Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of both kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight. both kidneys wet weight as percentage of body weight RNigam 2010-05-25T04:01:05Z Any measurement that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the weight of one or both kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. Not4Curation calculated kidney weight RNigam 2010-05-25T04:11:18Z The weight of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, after removal from the body but without desiccation. kidney wet weight RNigam 2010-05-25T04:11:36Z The weight after desiccation of one or both kidneys, the organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. kidney dry weight mshimoyama 2010-06-10T09:05:26Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a blood vessel, passing through its center and ending on either side at either the inner surface or outer surface of the blood vessel wall. blood vessel diameter mshimoyama 2010-06-10T09:06:25Z Percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart beat. heart left ventricle ejection fraction ejection fraction mshimoyama 2010-06-10T09:08:28Z Volume of blood left in a ventricle at end of contraction. end-systolic volume mshimoyama 2010-06-10T09:38:29Z Any measurement of the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels. blood flow measurement circulation measurement mshimoyama 2010-06-10T09:38:42Z The volume of blood flowing through a vessel or organ per unit of time. blood flow rate mshimoyama 2010-06-10T09:51:29Z The volume of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle per minute, also used to calculate - stroke volume X heart rate. cardiac output measurement mshimoyama 2010-06-10T09:56:23Z The volume of blood flowing through an artery per unit time. arterial blood flow rate mshimoyama 2010-06-10T09:56:38Z The volume of blood passing through a vein per unit time. venous blood flow rate mshimoyama 2010-06-10T10:04:04Z Movement of blood along the solid wall of a vessel, often represented by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation. vessel shear stress measurement mshimoyama 2010-06-10T10:51:43Z in vitro vessel shear stress mshimoyama 2010-06-10T10:52:06Z in vivo vessel shear stress mshimoyama 2010-06-10T11:20:31Z The time needed for plasma to form a fibrin clot after the addition of calcium and a phospholipid reagent. It is used to evaluate the intrinsic clotting system. activated partial thromboplastin time mshimoyama 2010-06-10T02:02:16Z vasodilation measurement blood vessel dilation measurement mshimoyama 2010-06-10T02:02:34Z lumen diameter at maximum dilation expressed as percent of baseline mshimoyama 2010-06-10T02:34:30Z vasoconstriction measurement blood vessel constriction measurement mshimoyama 2010-06-10T02:35:20Z lumen diameter at maximum constriction expressed as percent of baseline mshimoyama 2010-06-10T02:41:52Z Resistance to blood flow by blood vessels throughout the body, the degree to which the blood vessels impede the flow of blood, often calculated as SVR equal to the difference between mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) and central venous pressure(CVP) divided by cardiac output(CO). systemic vascular resistance (SVR) mshimoyama 2010-06-10T03:56:38Z Volume of blood in ventricle immediately before a contraction. end-diastolic volume mshimoyama 2010-06-11T01:32:10Z Volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat, calculated by subtracting the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (end-systolic volume) from the volume of blood just prior to the beat (end-diastolic volume). stroke volume mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:30:36Z Any quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of one or more cells. A cell is a membrane-enclosed protoplasmic mass constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning. cell measurement mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:30:50Z Number of cells of muscular tissue in the heart in a specified sample size. cardiomyocyte count mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:33:11Z The enumeration, i.e. measurement of the total number, of the specialized liner cells that form an interface between the circulating blood and the rest of the vessel wall in a specified sample of blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body. blood vessel endothelial cell number vascular endothelial cell count blood vessel endothelial cell count mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:36:15Z Any measurement of components of the Electrical conduction system of the heart.The electrical conduction system of the heart transmits signals generated usually by the sinoatrial node to cause contraction of the heart muscle. heart electrical conduction measurement mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:39:30Z Interval between an R wave and the next R wave of successive heart beats, inverse of the heart rate. RR_Interval RR interval mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:40:52Z Time between the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex, reflects the time the electrical impulse takes to travel from the sinus node through the AVE node and entering the ventricles, used as an estimate of AV node function. PR_Interval PR interval mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:43:21Z The time between the J point ( the point at which the QRS complex finishes and the ST segment begins) to the end of the T wave. ST_Interval ST interval mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:45:44Z An interval measured from the onset of the QRS wave complex to the offset of the T wave. QT_Interval QT interval mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:53:08Z heart wall thickness mshimoyama 2010-06-17T10:54:17Z The depth of the wall of the aorta, the main trunk from which the arterial system proceeds. aortic wall thickness aorta wall thickness mshimoyama 2010-06-17T11:13:15Z The thickness or depth of the dorsal/posterior wall of the heart. The dorsal wall is the portion of the heart muscle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism. heart dorsal wall thickness heart posterior wall thickness mshimoyama 2010-06-17T11:15:28Z The thickness or depth (i.e. the measurement of the two-dimensional extent of the distance between the inner and outer surfaces) of the dorsal/posterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart. The dorsal wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism. The left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body. heart left ventricle dorsal wall thickness Note that "left" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the observer. heart left ventricle posterior wall thickness mshimoyama 2010-06-17T11:15:42Z The thickness or depth of the dorsal/posterior wall of the right ventricle of the heart. The dorsal wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism. heart right ventricle dorsal wall thickness heart right ventricle posterior wall thickness mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:26:05Z Any measurement of urine, the fluid waste product excreted by the kidneys, or its components. urine measurement mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:27:01Z Measure of the concentration of particles in the urine. urine density urine specific gravity mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:38:44Z The magnitude of the P wave, the initial deflection of the cardiac cycle representing excitation of the atria as presented in an electrocardiogram. P wave amplitude mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:39:11Z The time from start to finish of the P wave , in the electrocardiograph illustrating the initial deflection of the cardiac cycle, representing the excitation of the atria. P wave duration mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:39:35Z The distance to the lowest part of the Q wave which shows the initial downward deflection related to the initial phase of depolarization of the ventricular myocardium and the depolarization of the interventricular septum as measured by electrocardiograph. Q wave depth mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:39:55Z The time from start to finish of the Q wave which illustrates the initial downward deflection related to the initial phase of depolarization of the ventricular myocardium and the depolarization of the interventricular septum as measured by an electrocardiograph. Q wave duration mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:40:13Z The time from start to finish of the QRS interval as calculated from a set of measurements taken from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the QRS complex representing the time it takes for ventricles to depolarize. QRS duration mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:40:30Z The magnitude of the portion of the electrocardiograph comprising the Q, R, and S waves which together represent ventricular depolarization. QRS amplitude mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:40:52Z QT interval corrected for heart rate calculated by the QT interval divided by the square root of the interval from one QRS complex to the onset of the next QRS complex measured in seconds. QTC interval mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:41:09Z The magnitude of the R wave, which is the initial upward deflection of the QRS complex following the Q wave representing early depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated by an electrocardiograph. R wave amplitude mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:41:26Z The time from start to finish of the R wave, the initial upward deflection of the QRS complex following the Q wave which represents early depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated in and electrocardiograph. R wave duration mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:41:54Z The magnitude of the S wave, the downward deflection of the QRS complex following the R wave representing late depolarization of the ventricles as illustrated in an electrocardiograph. S wave amplitude mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:42:07Z The time from start to finish of the S wave which is the downward deflection of the QRS complex following the R wave representing late depolarization as illustrated by an electrocardiograph. S wave duration mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:42:27Z ST amplitude mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:42:46Z ST slope mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:43:04Z ST wave displacement mshimoyama 2010-06-17T12:43:21Z The magnitude of the T wave, the deflection following the QRS complex representing repolarization of the ventricles as illustrated by and electrocardiograph. T wave amplitude mshimoyama 2010-06-17T03:09:47Z An interval measured from the onset of the P wave in one PQRST wave complex to the onset of the P wave in the following PQRST wave complex. PP_Interval PP interval mshimoyama 2010-06-25T01:54:10Z The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures, i.e. the difference between the maximal arterial pressure and minimal arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle. pulse pressure mshimoyama 2010-08-04T10:37:40Z The count of the rhythmic contractions and expansions of an artery due to the surge of blood from the beat of the heart. pulse mshimoyama 2010-09-01T08:30:15Z Measurement of the physical form or structure of either the right or the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle. heart atrium morphological measurement mshimoyama 2010-09-01T08:30:28Z The weight of the left atrium of the heart, the upper chamber on the left which empties into the lower chamber. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn toward the earth by gravity. left atrium weight mshimoyama 2010-09-01T08:30:45Z The weight of the right atrium, the upper right chamber of the heart which empties into the lower right chamber, i.e. the right ventricle. Weight is the heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn to the earth by gravity. right atrium weight mshimoyama 2010-09-01T08:30:56Z A measure of the capacity of the left heart atrium, the upper left chamber which empties into the lower heart chamber. left atrium volume mshimoyama 2010-09-01T08:31:06Z A measure of the three dimensional capacity of the right atrium of the heart, the upper right chamber which empties into the lower right chamber, i.e. the right ventricle. right atrium volume mshimoyama 2010-09-01T08:31:46Z Any measurement of the physical form or structure of one or both ventricles of the heart, that is, the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart either to the lungs to be oxygenated or, once oxygenated, to the rest of the body. heart ventricle morphological measurement mshimoyama 2011-09-21T01:41:55Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of both kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to body weight. both kidneys wet weight to body weight ratio mshimoyama 2010-11-12T09:44:31Z The amount of triglycerides in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Triglycerides are any of a group of lipids that are esters formed from one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of one or more fatty acids, are widespread in adipose tissue, and commonly circulate in the blood in the form of lipoproteins. serum triglyceride level mshimoyama 2010-11-12T09:46:59Z Measurement of the entire amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, without taking into account any association with other molecules such as lipoproteins, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. serum TC level serum total cholesterol level mshimoyama 2010-12-13T10:24:28Z The number of each type of leukocyte present in a specific volume of blood, usually 1 cubic millimeter. blood differential leukocyte count blood differential WBC count blood differential white blood cell count mshimoyama 2010-12-13T10:35:10Z A calculated measurement in which the number of all granulocytes (regardless of type) in a specified sample of blood is divided by the total number of white blood cells in the sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. granulocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells granulocyte count to total WBC count ratio granulocyte count to total white blood cell count ratio granulocyte percentage blood granulocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio mshimoyama 2010-12-13T10:38:12Z A calculated measurement in which the number of eosinophil granulocytes is divided by the number of all white blood cells in a specified sample of peripheral venous blood, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. An eosinophil is a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with two lobes connected by a thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules of uniform size that stain readily with eosin and other acid dyes. eosinophil count as percentage of total white blood cells eosinophil count to total WBC count ratio eosinophil granulocyte percentage eosinophil percentage blood eosinophil count to total leukocyte count ratio mshimoyama 2010-12-13T10:39:37Z A calculated measurement in which the number of neutrophil granulocytes is divided by the number of all white blood cells in a specified sample of peripheral venous blood, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. A neutrophil is, or is in the process of becoming, a granular leucocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by threads of chromatin, cytoplasm containing very fine granules, and which is readily stainable with neutral dyes. neutrophil granulocyte percentage neutrophil count as percentage of total white blood cells neutrophil count to total WBC count ratio neutrophil percentage polymorphonuclear cell percentage blood neutrophil count to total leukocyte count ratio mshimoyama 2010-12-13T10:45:39Z A calculated measurement in which the number of lymphocytes in a specified sample of blood is divided by the total number of white blood cells in the sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. lymphocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells lymphocyte count to total WBC count ratio lymphocyte percentage blood lymphocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio mshimoyama 2010-12-13T11:30:05Z The complete or entire amount of bilirubin in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Bilirubin is the bile pigment produced by breakdown of heme and reduction of biliverdin. total serum bilirubin level mshimoyama 2011-01-04T12:01:33Z The amount of carbonic acid dissolved in carbon dioxide and carbonate ion found in a specified volume of serum. serum bicarbonate level mshimoyama 2011-01-04T12:06:48Z The amount of chloride ions found in a specified volume of serum. serum chloride level mshimoyama 2011-01-04T02:41:58Z An estimation of the volume of blood filtered from the kidney glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per specified unit of time based on serum creatinine level, wieght and age of organism and other factors. blood glomerular filtration rate mshimoyama 2011-01-04T02:48:14Z blood glomerular filtration rate, Diet in Renal Disease Formula (MDRD) mshimoyama 2011-01-04T02:48:55Z A calculated measurement which estimates the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), that is, the volume of fluid filtered from the renal capillaries per unit time, based on the serum creatinine level and adjusted for gender. blood glomerular filtration rate, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula (CKE-EPI) mshimoyama 2011-01-04T02:50:15Z blood glomerular filtration rate, May Quadratic formula mshimoyama 2011-01-04T02:50:43Z blood glomerular filtration rate, Schwartz formula mshimoyama 2011-01-04T02:52:02Z Amount of potassium ions in a specified volume of serum. serum potassium level mshimoyama 2011-01-04T02:56:30Z The amount of sodium ions in a specified volume of serum. serum sodium level mshimoyama 2011-01-04T03:15:06Z The amount of calcium ions in a specified volume of serum. serum calcium level mshimoyama 2011-01-21T08:57:36Z Blood pressure measured in the pulmonary artery during diastole, that is, during dilation or relaxation of the heart ventricles. pulmonary arterial diastolic blood pressure mshimoyama 2011-01-21T08:58:00Z Blood pressure measured in the pulmonary artery during systole, that is, during contraction of the heart ventricles. pulmonary arterial systolic blood pressure mshimoyama 2011-01-21T09:42:17Z A calculated value in which the weight of the left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body, is divided by the total weight of the body and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and by extension to the size of the organism. heart left ventricle weight as a percentage of body weight LV mass/BW heart left ventricle weight to body weight ratio mshimoyama 2011-10-28T04:24:16Z The difference in mean arterial blood pressure between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in mean arterial blood pressure mshimoyama 2011-10-28T04:25:37Z Absolute difference in heart rate between two points in time or two conditions. The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in heart rate mshimoyama 2011-10-28T04:29:17Z The number of glomeruli in all or part of a kidney. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation. glomeruli count glomerulus count mshimoyama 2011-10-28T04:33:14Z heart left ventricle dry weight mshimoyama 2011-11-02T02:44:01Z The amount of phosphorus, measured as inorganic phosphate, in a specified sample of serum. serum inorganic phosphate level serum inorganic phosphorus level serum phosphorus level serum phosphate level mshimoyama 2011-11-02T02:45:05Z Measurement of the amount of glucose, the monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6, occurring widely in plant and animal tissues which is one of the three dietary monosaccharides that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion, is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism, and is the chief source of energy for living organisms, in a specified volume of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. serum glucose level mshimoyama 2011-11-02T02:48:13Z The amount of albumin in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. serum albumin level mshimoyama 2011-11-02T04:10:11Z The amount of ezymatic activity of glutamic-pyruvate transaminase enzyme, commonly known as alanine transaminase or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), enzyme in a specified sample of serum. ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. Serum ALT level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. serum alanine transaminase activity level serum glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity level serum ALT activity level serum GPT activity level serum alanine aminotransferase activity level mshimoyama 2011-11-02T04:11:05Z Quantitation of the catalytic effect exerted by alkaline phosphatase (AP) in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. AP is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of orthophosphate from orthophosphoric monoesters under alkaline conditions. serum alkaline phosphatase activity level mshimoyama 2011-11-02T04:18:08Z The amount of enzymatic activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase enzyme, commonly known as aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), in a specified sample of serum. AST catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amine group from l-glutamic acid to oxaloacetic acid, forming alpha-ketoglutaric acid and l-aspartic acid. Serum AST level is used as an enzymatic marker for liver disease or damage. serum aspartate transaminase activity level serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity level SGOT activity level serum AST activity level serum GOT activity level serum aspartate aminotransferase activity level mshimoyama 2011-11-03T01:45:21Z urine protein level mshimoyama 2011-11-03T02:34:53Z Measurement of the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the end of systole, the period of contraction of the heart when the blood is forced from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and the aorta (left ventricle). left ventricular end-systolic blood pressure mshimoyama 2011-11-03T02:35:59Z The pressure in the heart left ventricle at the end of diastole, the period when the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion and the ventricles fill with blood. left ventricular end-diastolic blood pressure mshimoyama 2011-11-03T02:36:40Z Calculated measurement of a difference in the maximum arterial blood pressure, that is the pressure at the point of maximal contraction of the heart, between two points in time or two conditions expressed as a number (positive or negative), not as a ratio or percentage relative to another quantity. The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in systolic blood pressure mshimoyama 2011-11-03T02:36:56Z Calculated measurement of a difference in diastolic blood pressure between two points or two conditions expressed as a number (positive or negative), not as a ratio or percentage relative to another quantity. The diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion. This is the time when the ventricles fill with blood. The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in diastolic blood pressure mshimoyama 2011-11-03T02:50:38Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of a single kidney, one of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to body weight. individual kidney wet weight to body weight ratio single kidney wet weight to body weight ratio mshimoyama 2011-11-03T02:50:52Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of a single kidney, one of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight. individual kidney wet weight as percentage of body weight single kidney wet weight as percentage of body weight mshimoyama 2011-11-04T12:57:25Z heart right ventricle dry weight JSmith 2012-02-15T11:39:00Z Any measurement of components of the periodic tightening and loosening of the heart muscle. heart contractility measurement heart contraction measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T11:42:05Z Measure of the time from the relaxation of the heart muscle to the beginning of the tightening of the heart muscle during contraction. time to onset of heart contraction JSmith 2012-02-15T11:48:18Z Measurement of the time from the beginning of heart muscle contraction to the maximum contracted state. time to peak heart contraction JSmith 2012-02-15T11:56:51Z Pressure exerted by the heart muscle in its maximally contracted state. heart contraction pressure JSmith 2012-02-15T05:00:53Z Any measurement of a structural part of a system of the body that is composed of tissues and cells that enable it to perform a particular function. organ measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T05:06:19Z This is not the same term as the original "heart measurement". That term is now "heart morphological measurement". heart measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T05:11:39Z A measurement made on a fluid flowing out of the heart. heart effluent measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T05:14:44Z The volume of a fluid flowing out of the heart. heart effluent volume JSmith 2012-02-15T05:16:22Z The volume of a fluid flowing out of the heart during a specified amount of time. timed heart effluent volume JSmith 2012-02-15T05:21:20Z The amount of an enzyme in a specified volume of fluid flowing out of the heart. heart effluent enzyme level JSmith 2012-02-15T05:25:02Z The amount of lactate dehydrogenase activity measured in a specified volume of fluid flowing out of the heart. heart effluent LDH activity level heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity level JSmith 2012-02-15T05:45:18Z Measurement of a lesion in an organ. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. tissue damage measurement organ lesion measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T05:48:03Z A measurement of any lesion of the heart. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. heart lesion measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T05:50:09Z Measurement of an area of necrotic tissue resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supplied to that tissue. infarction measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T05:58:36Z Measurement of an area of necrotic tissue in the heart resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supply. myocardial infarction measurement heart infarction measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T06:09:00Z Measurement of an area of necrotic tissue in the left ventricle of the heart resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supply to the heart. heart left ventricle infarction measurement JSmith 2012-02-15T06:11:07Z Measurement of the area, volume or weight of necrotic tissue resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supplied to that tissue. infarction size JSmith 2012-02-15T06:14:35Z Measurement of the area, volume or weight of necrotic tissue in the heart resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supply to the heart. heart infarction size JSmith 2012-02-15T06:18:51Z Measurement of the area, volume or weight of necrotic tissue in the heart left ventricle resulting from a reduction or obstruction of the oxygen supply to the heart. heart left ventricle infarction size JSmith 2012-02-15T06:27:35Z calculated heart left ventricle infarction size JSmith 2012-02-15T06:28:08Z heart left ventricle infarction size as percentage of total heart left ventricle size JSmith 2012-02-15T06:46:40Z The heaviness of one or both ventricles of the heart, that is, the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart either to the lungs to be oxygenated or, once oxygenated, to the rest of the body, or the degree to which one or both ventricles of the heart are drawn toward the earth by gravity. heart ventricle weight JSmith 2012-02-21T02:50:48Z heart infarction weight JSmith 2012-02-21T03:02:09Z heart infarction area JSmith 2012-02-21T03:02:46Z heart left ventricle infarction weight JSmith 2012-02-21T03:03:35Z heart left ventricle infarction area JSmith 2012-02-21T03:04:15Z calculated heart left ventricle infarction area JSmith 2012-02-21T03:04:51Z calculated heart left ventricle infarction weight JSmith 2012-02-21T03:05:44Z heart left ventricle infarction weight as percentage of total heart left ventricle weight JSmith 2012-02-21T03:08:57Z calculated heart infarction weight JSmith 2012-03-09T04:05:52Z The difference in body temperature between two different points in time or between two different conditions. The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in body temperature JSmith 2012-03-09T05:24:30Z Measurement of the amount of resistance in a blood vessel to the flow of blood or other fluid through it. blood vessel resistance measurement JSmith 2012-03-09T05:53:03Z Resistance to blood flow by blood vessels in the lung. pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) JSmith 2012-03-09T05:57:02Z Measurement of vascular resistance in lung blood vessels calculated from other indirect measurements. calculated PVR calculated pulmonary vascular resistance JSmith 2012-03-09T06:00:03Z R_Flow100 calculated pulmonary vascular resistance normalized to body weight JSmith 2012-03-13T12:26:02Z Measurement made on the endothelial tissue or endothelial cells lining a blood vessel. blood vessel endothelium measurement JSmith 2012-03-13T12:29:04Z calculated blood vessel endothelium measurement JSmith 2012-03-13T12:31:07Z FAPGG metabolism-surface area product JSmith 2012-03-13T01:02:07Z methylene blue metabolism-surface area product without auto-oxidation JSmith 2012-03-13T01:03:47Z methylene blue metabolism-surface area product after auto-oxidation JSmith 2012-03-13T01:12:29Z Ratio of the methylene blue metabolism-surface area product without auto-oxidation to the FAPGG metabolism-surface area product. methylene blue to FAPGG metabolism-surface area product ratio JSmith 2012-03-13T04:15:39Z Any measurement of the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel. blood vessel contractility measurement blood vessel contractile force measurement JSmith 2012-03-13T04:46:14Z Measurement of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel. blood vessel maximum contractility measurement blood vessel maximum contractile force JSmith 2012-03-13T04:47:52Z maximum contractile force per wet weight of vessel JSmith 2012-03-14T04:09:34Z Measurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to a drug or other chemical stimulus. chemical response/sensitivity measurement JSmith 2012-03-14T04:16:11Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel. calculated blood vessel contractile force measurement JSmith 2012-03-14T04:17:28Z A calculated value for the concentration of phenylephrine (PE), the phenylethanolamine with IUPAC name (R)-3-[-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol and formula C9H13NO2 that acts as a selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, decongestant and vasoconstrictor, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of PE is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such PE-induced contractile energy. phenylephrine half maximal effective concentration (EC50) concentration of phenylephrine at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (EC50) JSmith 2012-03-14T04:17:54Z A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of phenylephrine (PE), the phenylethanolamine with IUPAC name (R)-3-[-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol and formula C9H13NO2 that acts as a selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, decongestant and vasoconstrictor, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of PE is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such PE-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value. phenylephrine Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50) logarithm of the concentration of phenylephrine at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (Log EC50) JSmith 2012-03-14T04:21:12Z Measurement of the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel via calculations from direct measurements rather than expressing the direct measurements themselves. calculated blood vessel dilation force reduction measurement JSmith 2012-03-14T04:23:57Z A calculated value for the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), the ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3C=OO(CH2)2-N(+)-(CH3)3 and IUPAC name 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, which acts as a neurotransmitter, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of ACh is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during ACh-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of Ach which is the minimum contractile energy). acetylcholine half maximal effective concentration (EC50) concentration of acetylcholine at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (EC50) JSmith 2012-03-14T04:24:16Z A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), the ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3C=OO(CH2)2-N(+)-(CH3)3 and IUPAC name 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, which acts as a neurotransmitter, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of ACh is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during ACh-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of Ach which is the minimum contractile energy). The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value. acetylcholine Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50) logarithm of the concentration of acetylcholine at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (Log EC50) JSmith 2012-03-14T04:24:44Z A calculated value for the concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the red-colored inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]-2H2O used as a potent vasodilator, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of SNP is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during SNP-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of SNP which is the minimum contractile energy). sodium nitroprusside half maximal effective concentration (EC50) concentration of sodium nitroprusside at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (EC50) JSmith 2012-03-14T04:25:16Z A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the red-coloured inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]-2H2O used as a potent vasodilator, at which the energy exerted during the active expansion in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of SNP is halfway between the highest value, that is the force at greatest constriction (often measured in a pre-constricted blood vessel), and the lowest achievable value of such contractile energy during SNP-induced relaxation of the vessel wall (i.e. the maximum effect of SNP which is the minimum contractile energy). sodium nitroprusside Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50) logarithm of the concentration of sodium nitroprusside at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (Log EC50) JSmith 2012-03-15T11:42:31Z maximum contractile force per wet weight of aorta JSmith 2012-03-15T11:48:29Z Measurement of the reduction in force during blood vessel dilation. blood vessel dilation force reduction measurement JSmith 2012-03-15T11:53:37Z blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction JSmith 2012-03-15T11:55:20Z acetylcholine-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction acetylcholine-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction JSmith 2012-03-15T11:59:59Z sodium nitroprusside-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction sodium nitroprusside-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction JSmith 2012-03-15T12:00:51Z hypoxia-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction JSmith 2012-03-15T12:03:40Z slope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contraction slope measurement of drug-induced contraction slope measurement of chemical-induced contraction JSmith 2012-03-15T12:05:49Z fast-slope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contraction fast-slope measurement of drug-induced contraction fast-slope measurement of chemical-induced contraction JSmith 2012-03-15T12:06:21Z slow-slope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contraction slow-slope measurement of drug-induced contraction slow-slope measurement of chemical-induced contraction JSmith 2012-03-15T12:11:24Z Measurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to acetylcholine (ACh), the ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3C=OO(CH2)2-N(+)-(CH3)3 and IUPAC name 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium, which acts as a neurotransmitter. acetylcholine response/sensitivity measurement JSmith 2012-03-15T12:12:47Z Measurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to phenylephrine (PE), the phenylethanolamine with IUPAC name (R)-3-[-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol and formula C9H13NO2 that acts as a selective alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist, decongestant and vasoconstrictor. phenylephrine response/sensitivity measurement JSmith 2012-03-15T12:13:21Z Measurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the red-colored inorganic salt with the formula Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]-2H2O used as a potent vasodilator. sodium nitroprusside response/sensitivity measurement JSmith 2012-03-20T04:21:00Z percent change in heart rate JSmith 2012-03-20T04:31:30Z Calculation of a difference between representations of blood pressure in a treated versus untreated state or over time, after the original values have been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Blood pressure is the pressure, or force per area, exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels. The pressure is dependent on the energy of the heart action, elasticity of the vessel walls and volume and viscosity of the blood. change in calculated blood pressure JSmith 2012-03-20T04:31:52Z A calculated measurement of the difference in developed blood pressure between a treated state and a control state. Developed pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled. change in developed blood pressure JSmith 2012-03-20T04:32:19Z A calculated measurement of the difference in developed blood pressure between a treated state and a control state, expressed as a percentage. Developed pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled. percent change in developed blood pressure JSmith 2012-03-20T04:34:31Z Calculated measurement of a difference in the maximum arterial blood pressure, that is the pressure at the point of maximal contraction of the heart, between two points in time or two conditions. change in systolic blood pressure JSmith 2012-03-20T04:35:00Z The relative difference in the maximum arterial blood pressure, that is the pressure at the point of maximal contraction of the heart, between two points in time or two conditions expressed as a percentage. percent change in systolic blood pressure JSmith 2012-03-20T04:37:30Z change in arterial blood flow rate JSmith 2012-03-20T04:38:02Z percent change in arterial blood flow rate JSmith 2012-03-20T04:38:35Z The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in arterial blood flow rate JSmith 2012-03-21T01:08:08Z A calculated measurement of the difference in developed pressure measured in the heart left ventricle between a treated state and a control state, expressed as a percentage. Developed pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled. percent change in left ventricular developed pressure JSmith 2012-03-21T01:09:30Z A calculated measurement of the difference in developed pressure measured in the heart left ventricle between a treated state and a control state. Developed pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure when measured in an isolated organ or vessel under conditions where perfusion pressure or flow can be controlled. change in left ventricular developed pressure JSmith 2012-03-21T01:13:41Z Difference in the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta, between two points in time or two conditions. change in left ventricular systolic blood pressure JSmith 2012-03-21T01:14:31Z The relative difference in the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta, between two points in time or two conditions expressed as a percentage. percent change in left ventricular systolic blood pressure JSmith 2012-03-30T07:52:39Z The activity level of LDH in effluent expressed relative to the weight of the heart; calculated as LDH activity divided by heart wet weight. heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity level normalized to heart weight JSmith 2012-06-07T11:37:18Z heart left ventricle weight JSmith 2012-06-07T11:38:49Z heart right ventricle weight JSmith 2012-06-07T12:01:20Z The average blood pressure within the pulmonary artery over a specified period of time, or technically over a complete cycle of one heartbeat. mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure JSmith 2012-06-07T02:24:23Z Measurement of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery. pulmonary artery (PA) blood pressure measurement pulmonary artery pressure pulmonary arterial blood pressure measurement JSmith 2012-06-26T11:34:46Z Measurement of an organ lesion which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells. organ tumorous lesion measurement JSmith 2012-06-26T11:46:40Z Measurement of an organ lesion which is not neoplastic in origin. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Examples of non-tumorous lesions would include wounds, sores, ulcers, infarctions, etc. organ non-tumorous lesion measurement JSmith 2012-06-26T12:53:39Z Measurement of a heart lesion which is not neoplastic in origin. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Examples of non-tumorous lesions would include wounds, sores, ulcers, infarctions, etc. heart non-tumorous lesion measurement JSmith 2012-06-26T01:22:44Z Measurement of a lesion of the heart which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells. heart tumorous lesion measurement JSmith 2012-07-11T10:34:14Z Any measurement, morphological or physiological, involving the kidney or any part thereof. Not4Curation kidney measurement JSmith 2012-07-11T10:38:08Z Renal blood flow (RBF) is the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the kidneys per unit time. renal blood flow rate JSmith 2012-07-11T10:44:48Z Arterial renal blood flow (RBFa) is the volume of blood delivered to the kidneys per unit time via the renal arteries. renal arterial blood flow rate JSmith 2012-07-11T10:48:22Z Venous renal blood flow (RBFv) is the volume of blood exiting from the kidneys per unit time via the renal veins. renal venous blood flow rate JSmith 2012-07-11T12:08:49Z A calculated value in which the weight of the right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio thus normalizing it to body weight. heart right ventricle weight to body weight ratio JSmith 2012-07-11T12:09:38Z A calculated value in which the weight of the right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart, which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, is presented as percentage of the total weight of the body thus normalizing it to body weight. heart right ventricle weight as a percentage of body weight JSmith 2012-07-18T04:24:26Z Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the left ventricle of the heart. The left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body. Note, "left" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the nobserver. heart left ventricle morphological measurement JSmith 2012-07-18T04:30:51Z Any measurement of the physical form or structure of the right ventricle of the heart. The right ventricle is the lower chamber of the right side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung. heart right ventricle morphological measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T10:04:12Z Measurement of a localized pathological change in structure of a blood vessel due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. blood vessel lesion measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T12:15:46Z A measurement of blood vessel diameter which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Not4Curation calculated blood vessel diameter measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T12:18:48Z blood vessel wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-26T12:20:54Z A measurement of the depth of the wall of a blood vessel which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Not4Curation calculated blood vessel wall thickness measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T12:23:13Z A measurement of the depth of the wall of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. artery wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-26T12:27:42Z A measurement of the depth of the wall of an artery which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. An artery is one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. Not4Curation calculated artery wall thickness measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T12:32:00Z artery diameter JSmith 2012-07-26T12:39:26Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a blood vessel, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. blood vessel lumen diameter blood vessel inner diameter JSmith 2012-07-26T12:41:25Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a blood vessel, passing through its center and ending on either side at the outer surface of the blood vessel wall. blood vessel outer diameter JSmith 2012-07-26T12:43:00Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. artery lumen diameter artery inner diameter JSmith 2012-07-26T12:44:18Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the outer surface of the blood vessel wall. artery outer diameter JSmith 2012-07-26T12:48:55Z Measurement of the length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at either the inner surface or outer surface of the blood vessel wall, which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Not4Curation calculated artery diameter measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T12:57:08Z Any measurement of one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. artery measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T12:59:52Z Measurement of any localized pathological change in structure of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues, due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. artery lesion measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T02:04:57Z Measurement which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation of any localized pathological change in structure of an artery due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Not4Curation calculated artery lesion measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T02:13:01Z Measurement which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation of any localized pathological change in structure of a blood vessel due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Not4Curation calculated blood vessel lesion measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T02:14:51Z A calculated measurement in which the ratio of the wall thickness (WT) of a blood vessel is divided by the inner diameter (ID) of that vessel at that location, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, for example, WT/ID x 100. This measurement is often used to assess stenosis, a pathological narrowing of a blood vessel. blood vessel wall thickness as percentage of blood vessel lumen diameter blood vessel stenosis measurement blood vessel wall thickness as percentage of blood vessel inner diameter blood vessel wall thickness to blood vessel inner diameter ratio JSmith 2012-07-26T02:16:51Z Ratio of the wall thickness (WT) of an artery to inner diameter (ID) of that artery at that location, usually expressed as a percentage, i.e. WT/ID x 100, but could also be expressed as a ratio, fraction or quotient. This measurement can be used to assess stenosis, a pathological narrowing of a blood vessel. arterial stenosis measurement artery wall thickness as percentage of artery inner diameter artery wall thickness as percentage of artery lumen diameter artery wall thickness to artery inner diameter ratio JSmith 2012-07-26T02:25:16Z A measurement of the length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall, after that measurement has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Not4Curation calculated artery inner diameter measurement JSmith 2012-07-26T03:24:53Z Any measurement of components of the periodic tightening and loosening of the muscles of a ventricle of the heart. ventricle contraction measurement JSmith 2012-07-27T03:14:05Z The diameter across the left ventricle of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed, and usually corresponds to its largest diameter. LVDD LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic dimension heart left ventricular end-diastolic diameter JSmith 2012-07-27T03:32:16Z The diameter across the left ventricle of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally contracted, and usually corresponds to its smallest diameter. LVESD LVSD left ventricular end-systolic dimension heart left ventricle end-systolic diameter JSmith 2012-07-27T03:42:40Z A measurement of the physical form or structure of the left ventricle of the heart which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. The heart left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body. calculated heart left ventricle morphological measurement JSmith 2012-07-27T03:51:33Z A calculated measurement corresponding to the ratio or percent reduction in left ventricular diameter between end-diastole and end-systole. Can be calculated as the left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) minus the left ventricle end-systolic diameter (LVSd) divided by the left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) with the quotient multiplied by 100, i.e. FS = [(LVDd-LVSd)/LVDd] x 100. heart left ventricle fractional shortening JSmith 2012-07-27T04:11:09Z The thickness or depth of the ventral/anterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart. The ventral/anterior wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is farthest from the spine and closest to the chest wall of the organism. heart left ventricle ventral wall thickness heart left ventricle anterior wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-27T05:59:34Z The thickness or depth of the septal wall of the heart ventricles. The septal wall is the portion of the heart left ventricle ventral/anterior wall and right ventricle dorsal/posterior wall which is shared between the ventricles. heart ventricle septal wall thickness SWT antero-septal wall thickness heart interventricular septum thickness heart intraventricular wall thickness heart ventricle septum thickness heart ventricle septal wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-27T06:00:34Z A calculated measurement of left ventricular geometry and is calculated by dividing the end-diastolic diameter into 2x the posterior wall thickness, 2x the septal wall thickness or the sum of the posterior and septal wall thicknesses. It represents a measure of the wall thickness normalized to the size of the ventricle lumen. heart left ventricle relative wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-27T06:15:29Z A calculated measurement of left ventricular geometry and is calculated by dividing the end-diastolic diameter into 2x the posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, 2x the septal wall thickness at end-diastole or the sum of the posterior and septal wall thicknesses at end-diastole. It represents a measure of the wall thickness normalized to the size of the ventricle lumen. heart left ventricle end-diastolic relative wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-30T10:15:23Z The thickness or depth of the ventral/anterior wall of the heart. The ventral wall is the portion of the heart muscle which is farthest from the spine and closest to the chest wall of the organism. heart ventral wall thickness heart anterior wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-30T10:31:58Z Not4Curation calculated heart wall thickness measurement JSmith 2012-07-30T11:04:28Z heart relative wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-30T11:05:55Z heart ventricle relative wall thickness JSmith 2012-07-30T01:25:59Z The extent of shortening of the minor internal circumference (at the midpoint of the long axis) between end-diastole and end-systole, divided by the time required for shortening. mean circumferential fiber shortening rate mean VCF mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening JSmith 2012-07-30T02:57:57Z The thickness or depth of the ventral/anterior wall of the right ventricle of the heart. The ventral wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is farthest from the spine and closest to the chest wall of the organism. heart right ventricle ventral wall thickness heart right ventricle anterior wall thickness JSmith 2012-08-02T01:00:46Z Count of the number of glomeruli located in the superficial layer of the renal cortex, the cortex corticis. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation. superficial glomeruli count superficial glomerulus count JSmith 2012-08-02T01:14:28Z Count of the number of glomeruli located in the superficial layer of the renal cortex, the cortex corticis, and directly in contact with the surface of the kidney, i.e. the renal capsule. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation. surface glomeruli count count of superficial glomeruli directly contacting the kidney surface JSmith 2012-08-02T01:15:32Z Count of the number of glomeruli located in the superficial layer of the renal cortex, the cortex corticis but without any direct contact with the surface of the kidney, i.e. the renal capsule. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation. count of superficial glomeruli not directly contacting the kidney surface JSmith 2012-08-03T06:05:33Z heart infarction volume JSmith 2012-08-03T06:17:05Z Measurement of any change or difference in the diastolic blood pressure between two points or two conditions. The diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion. This is the time when the ventricles fill with blood. Not4Curation change in diastolic blood pressure JSmith 2012-08-03T06:19:27Z The relative difference in the diastolic blood pressure between two points or two conditions, expressed as a percentage. The diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial pressure within the cardiac cycle, usually at the point at which the heart is in a state of relaxation and expansion. This is the time when the ventricles fill with blood. percent change in diastolic blood pressure JSmith 2012-08-13T01:16:23Z Calculated measurement of a difference in the pressure within the heart left ventricle at the point of maximal contraction, when the blood is forced from the left ventricle into the aorta, between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in left ventricular systolic blood pressure jsmith 2012-08-23T03:27:50Z Temperature measured at the surface of or within the head of an experimental subject. Because the temperature of the head/brain can influence neurological measurements, head temperature is or can be considered to be distinct from core body temperature. cranial temperature head temperature jsmith 2012-08-23T04:06:16Z The temperature of the internal tissues and organs of the body. core temperature core body temperature JSmith 2012-09-13T06:09:33Z A measurement which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation of the weight of the left ventricle of the heart, that is, its the heaviness or degree to which it is drawn toward the earth by gravity. The heart left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body. calculated heart left ventricle weight JSmith 2012-09-13T06:11:08Z calculated heart right ventricle weight JSmith 2012-09-13T06:14:55Z calculated heart right ventricle morphological measurement JSmith 2012-10-03T05:31:53Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The cerebral arteries are those which supply blood to the brain, more specifically, to the cerebrum. cerebral artery lumen diameter cerebral artery inner diameter JSmith 2012-10-03T05:39:47Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of an anterior cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is one of a pair of arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the most medial portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes of the brain. ACA inner diameter anterior cerebral artery lumen diameter anterior cerebral artery inner diameter JSmith 2012-10-03T05:48:00Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a middle cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The middle cerebral arteries are the largest of the cerebral arteries and supply blood to the lateral cerebral cortex, anterior temporal lobes and insular cortices of the brain. MCA inner diameter middle cerebral artery lumen diameter middle cerebral artery inner diameter JSmith 2012-10-03T05:59:18Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a posterior cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall. The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supply blood to the posterior aspect, i.e. the occipital lobe, of the brain. PCA inner diameter posterior cerebral artery lumen diameter posterior cerebral artery inner diameter JSmith 2012-10-08T02:59:36Z Measurement of a lesion in kidney, he organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. kidney lesion measurement JSmith 2012-10-08T03:01:39Z Measurement of a lesion in the kidney, he organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which is not neoplastic in origin. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. Examples of non-tumorous lesions would include wounds, sores, ulcers, infarctions, etc. kidney non-tumorous lesion measurement JSmith 2012-10-08T03:03:01Z Measurement of a lesion in the kidney, he organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which is or has the potential to become a tumor, that is, a neoplasm or new growth of tissue in which cell multiplication is more or less uncontrolled and progressive. Tumorous lesions include tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and hyperplastic lesions composed of histologically normal cells. kidney tumorous lesion measurement JSmith 2012-10-08T03:09:04Z Any measurement of lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits within a kidney glomerulus, a tuft of capillaries situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney, that filters waste products from the blood and thus initiates urine formation. kidney glomerulosclerosis measurement renal glomerulosclerosis measurement renal glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement JSmith 2012-10-08T03:43:25Z A measurement of lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits within one or more kidney glomeruli which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation. calculated kidney glomerulosclerosis measurement calculated renal glomerulosclerosis measurement calculated renal glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement calculated kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement JSmith 2012-10-08T03:45:56Z A measurement of lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits within kidney glomeruli which is derived from a combination of multiple measurements and/or objective or subjective severity scores according to a specified formula or set of criteria. glomerular damage composite score glomerulosclerosis composite score glomerulosclerosis damage index index of glomerular damage JSmith 2012-10-12T05:28:37Z Any measurement, morphological or physiological of a muscle or a group of muscles. Muscles are organs or tissues composed of bundles of fibers that have the power to contract and hence to produce movement. muscle measurement JSmith 2012-10-15T11:45:27Z Measurement of the physical form or structure of one or more glomeruli in the kidney. Glomeruli are the tufts of capillaries each situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filter waste products from the blood and thus initiate urine formation. kidney glomerulus morphological measurement JSmith 2012-10-15T11:48:00Z The length of a straight line passing through the center of a kidney glomerulus and connecting opposite points on its circumference. kidney glomerular diameter kidney glomerulus diameter JSmith 2012-10-15T11:55:42Z A measurement of the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the kidneys per unit time, which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation. calculated renal blood flow rate JSmith 2012-10-15T11:59:32Z The difference in the volume of blood delivered to or exiting from the kidneys per unit time between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in renal blood flow rate JSmith 2012-10-22T12:14:30Z The number of kidney glomeruli with lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits, or the number of such lesions in a specified sample. damaged glomeruli count number of sclerotic glomeruli sclerotic glomeruli count sclerotic glomerulus count kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion count JSmith 2012-10-22T01:31:20Z Any measurement involving the composition, that is, the absolute amount, relative amount or type of one or more proteins (complex high molecular weight organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages) or peptides (low molecular weight compounds composed of at least two amino acids joined by peptide linkages) in kidney. kidney tissue protein/peptide composition measurement kidney protein/peptide composition measurement JSmith 2012-10-22T03:13:42Z Any measurement, morphological or physiological of the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules. kidney cortex measurement renal cortex measurement JSmith 2012-10-22T03:20:09Z Any measurement, morphological or physiological, of the renal medulla, the innermost part of the kidney which contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. kidney medulla measurement renal medulla measurement JSmith 2012-10-22T03:28:36Z Any measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in kidney medulla, the innermost part of the kidney which contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. kidney medulla protein measurement renal medulla protein measurement JSmith 2012-10-22T03:31:18Z Any measurement involving the amount, composition or type of protein, the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages, in renal cortex, the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules. kidney cortex protein measurement renal cortex protein measurement JSmith 2012-10-22T03:34:08Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the composition, that is, the absolute amount, relative amount or type, of protein (the complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages) in kidney. calculated renal protein composition measurement calculated kidney protein composition measurement JSmith 2012-10-22T03:41:53Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation involving the amount, composition or type of protein in the kidney cortex, the outer part of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules. calculated kidney cortex protein composition measurement calculated renal cortex protein composition measurement JSmith 2012-10-22T03:43:38Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation involving the amount, composition or type of protein in the renal medulla, the innermost part of the kidney which contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the salt and water balance of the blood. calculated kidney medulla protein composition measurement calculated renal medulla protein composition measurement JSmith 2012-10-22T04:00:13Z A calculated value in which the amount of TRPV4 protein in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the amount of beta-actin protein in the same or a corresponding sample of kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the beta-actin protein level. renal TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio kidney TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio JSmith 2012-10-22T04:33:48Z A calculated value in which the amount of TRPV4 protein in a specified sample of renal cortex is divided by the amount of beta-actin protein in the same or a corresponding sample of renal cortex and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the beta-actin protein level. kidney cortex TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio renal cortex TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio JSmith 2012-10-22T04:35:29Z A calculated value in which the amount of TRPV4 protein in a specified sample of renal medulla is divided by the amount of beta-actin protein in the same or a corresponding sample of renal medulla and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the beta-actin protein level. kidney medulla TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio renal medulla TRPV4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio JSmith 2012-10-23T10:05:50Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall, after that measurement has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. The cerebral arteries are those which supply blood to the brain, more specifically, to the cerebrum. calculated cerebral artery inner diameter measurement JSmith 2012-10-23T10:06:14Z The length of a line which crosses a transverse view of a middle cerebral artery, passing through its center and ending on either side at the inner surface of the blood vessel wall, after that measurement has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. The middle cerebral arteries are the largest of the cerebral arteries and supply blood to the lateral cerebral cortex, anterior temporal lobes and insular cortices of the brain. calculated middle cerebral artery inner diameter measurement JSmith 2012-10-23T10:09:32Z A calculated measurement of the relative difference in the middle cerebral artery inner diameter between a treated state and a control state or between two points in time, expressed as a percentage. percent change in middle cerebral artery inner diameter JSmith 2012-11-12T15:45:39Z A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional plane through the left ventricle of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed, and usually corresponds to its largest diameter. EDA LVAd LVDa heart left ventricle end-diastolic area JSmith 2012-11-12T15:47:47Z A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional plane through the left ventricle of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally contracted, and usually corresponds to its smallest diameter. ESA LVAs LVSa heart left ventricle end-systolic area JSmith 2012-11-15T15:35:17Z A calculated value in which the weight of the heart, the chambered, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood, is divided by the length of the tibia, the inner and larger bone of the lower leg or hindlimb, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the length of the leg and, by extension, to the length of the body. heart weight to tibia length ratio JSmith 2012-11-15T15:38:38Z A calculated value in which the total weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of both kidneys is divided by the length of the tibia, the inner and larger bone of the lower leg or hindlimb, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the length of the leg and, by extension, to the length of the body. both kidneys wet weight to tibia length ratio JSmith 2013-01-07T13:24:24Z A calculated measurement of the ratio between the change in mean arterial blood pressure and the concentration of sodium infused directly into the ventricle(s) of the brain; calculated as the slope of the curve of mean arterial blood pressure versus intracerebroventricular-infused sodium concentration. change in mean arterial blood pressure to change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration ratio JSmith 2013-01-07T13:34:46Z A calculated measurement of the ratio between the change in heart rate and the concentration of sodium infused directly into the ventricle(s) of the brain; calculated as the slope of the curve of heart rate versus intracerebroventricular-infused sodium concentration. change in heart rate to change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration ratio JSmith 2013-01-07T15:55:09Z A value calculated by dividing the proportionate change in renal blood flow (RBF) by the proportionate change in renal perfusion pressure (RPP), i.e. (RBF2 - RBF1)/RBF1 divided by (RPP2 - RPP1)/RPP1. autoregulatory index ratio of renal blood flow change to renal perfusion pressure change ratio of change in renal blood flow to change in renal perfusion pressure JSmith 2013-01-08T14:41:50Z Any measurement of a lesion in the kidney characterized by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. kidney fibrotic lesion measurement JSmith 2013-01-08T14:54:45Z Any measurement of the physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude, or extent of a lesion in the kidney characterized by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. kidney fibrotic lesion size measurement JSmith 2013-01-08T15:03:27Z A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through a single kidney fibrotic lesion, or a measurement of the total area occupied by fibrotic lesions in a cross-section of the kidney. kidney fibrotic lesion area measurement JSmith 2013-01-08T15:17:52Z A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through a single kidney fibrotic lesion, or a measurement of the total area occupied by fibrotic lesions in a cross-section of the kidney, when that value has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation. calculated kidney fibrotic lesion area measurement JSmith 2013-01-08T15:20:55Z A calculated value in which the extent of the two-dimensional surface occupied by fibrotic lesions is divided by the total extent of the two-dimensional surface of the kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to the size of the kidney. kidney fibrotic lesion area to total kidney area ratio JSmith 2013-01-08T16:28:12Z A calculated value in which the number of glomeruli with lesions resulting from fibrosis, scarring or hyaline deposits is divided by the total number of glomeruli in a specified sample of kidney and presented as a ratio, fraction or quotient, thus normalizing it to the total number of glomeruli. sclerotic glomeruli to total glomeruli ratio kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion count to total glomeruli count ratio kidney sclerotic glomeruli count to total glomeruli count ratio JSmith 2013-01-09T15:09:49Z The combined weight of both ventricles of the heart, that is, their heaviness or the degree to which they are drawn toward the earth by gravity. The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart either to the lungs to be oxygenated or, once oxygenated, to the rest of the body. total heart ventricle weight JSmith 2013-01-09T16:00:43Z A measurement of the combined weight of both heart ventricles that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation. Not4Curation calculated total heart ventricle weight JSmith 2013-01-09T16:03:12Z A calculated value in which the combined weight of both the left and right ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart either to the lungs to be oxygenated or, once oxygenated, to the rest of the body, is presented as percentage of the total weight of the body thus normalizing it to body weight. total heart ventricle weight as a percentage of body weight JSmith 2013-01-15T10:37:51Z Any measurement of the cavity or channel within an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. artery lumen measurement JSmith 2013-01-15T10:50:23Z A measurement of the two-dimensional extent of the enclosed cavity or channel in a cross-section of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. artery lumen area JSmith 2013-01-15T11:04:30Z Any measurement of the fibrous and muscular structure of one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. The wall of an artery is composed of three layers: the tunica intima, the inner coat; the tunica media, the middle coat; and the tunica adventitia, the outer coat. arterial wall measurement artery wall measurement JSmith 2013-01-15T11:17:48Z Any measurement of the tunica media, or middle coat, of the wall of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. arterial tunica media measurement artery tunica media measurement JSmith 2013-01-15T11:21:04Z A direct measurement of two dimensional extent of the tunica media, the middle coat of the arterial wall, in a cross-section of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. The total area of the tunica media gives an indication of the thickness of the arterial wall. arterial tunica media area media area (MA) of artery artery tunica media area JSmith 2013-01-15T11:34:35Z A calculated measurement of the average width of the tunica media, the middle coat of the arterial wall. Can be calculated using the media area and the length of the internal elastic lamina. arterial tunica media width media width (MW) of artery artery tunica media width JSmith 2013-01-15T12:10:01Z A measurement of the extent of a two-dimensional surface of or plane through a single hyperplastic lesion of the tunica intima, that is, the inner coat of the arterial wall, or a measurement of the total area occupied by hyperplastic lesions of the tunica intima in a cross-section of an artery, one of the large blood vessels carrying blood in a direction away from the heart to the tissues. A hyperplastic lesion is a localized pathological increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue resulting from an increased rate of cellular division due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. artery intimal hyperplastic lesion area neointimal hyperplasia area of artery artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area JSmith 2013-01-15T12:33:00Z Any measurement of one or more hyperplastic lesions of the arterial tunica intima which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process. calculated arterial intima hyperplasia area calculated artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area JSmith 2013-01-15T12:33:16Z A calculated measurement in which the area of the arterial tunica intima occupied by one or more hyperplastic lesions is divided by the total cross-sectional area of the artery wall and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. ratio of neointimal hyperplasia area to total wall area of artery artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area to total wall area ratio JSmith 2013-01-15T12:50:46Z The area of the arterial lumen remaining when the luminal space is restricted by a pathological process, e.g. hyperplasia. residual lumen area of diseased artery lesioned artery residual lumen area JSmith 2013-01-16T13:36:09Z The weight after desiccation of both kidneys, the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. both kidneys dry weight JSmith 2013-01-16T13:36:57Z The weight after desiccation of a single kidney, one of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. individual kidney dry weight single kidney dry weight JSmith 2013-01-21T16:32:31Z Any measurement of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. aorta measurement JSmith 2013-01-21T16:37:23Z Any quantification of the physical form or structure of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. aorta morphological measurement JSmith 2013-01-25T12:50:21Z The speed at which the blood flows through the circulatory system or through a specific segment of a vein or artery, expressed as distance per unit of time. blood flow velocity JSmith 2013-01-25T12:56:43Z The speed at which the blood flows through an artery, expressed as distance per unit of time. arterial blood flow velocity JSmith 2013-01-25T13:10:05Z The speed at which the blood flows through the aorta, the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds, expressed as distance per unit of time. aortic blood flow velocity JSmith 2013-01-25T13:15:01Z Any measurement of the movement of blood through the aorta, the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. aortic blood flow measurement JSmith 2013-01-25T13:18:41Z The volume of blood flowing through the aorta, the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds, per unit of time. aortic blood flow rate JSmith 2013-01-25T13:21:50Z The maximum speed at which the blood flows through the aorta during the cardiac cycle, expressed as distance per unit of time. aortic peak velocity (APV) maximum aortic velocity peak aortic blood flow velocity peak of aortic outflow velocity (PAV) peak aortic velocity JSmith 2013-01-25T13:29:29Z The length of time in the cardiac cycle between the closing of the aortic and pulmonic/pulmonary semilunar valves and opening of the atrioventricular (AV) valves marking the beginning of ventricular filling. Used as an indicator of diastolic dysfunction. IVRT heart isovolumetric relaxation time JSmith 2013-01-25T13:35:08Z Measurement of the physical form or structure of the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the left ventricle. heart left atrium morphological measurement JSmith 2013-01-25T13:42:05Z Measurement of the physical form or structure of the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the right ventricle. heart right atrium morphological measurement JSmith 2013-01-25T13:51:15Z The distance between two specified opposite points on the periphery of the left atrium of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the left ventricle is maximally contracted, and usually corresponds to the left atrium's largest diameter. heart left atrium end-systolic diameter JSmith 2013-01-25T15:50:33Z The distance between two specified opposite points on the periphery of the left atrium of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the left ventricle is maximally dilated, and usually corresponds to the left atrium's smallest diameter. heart left atrium end-diastolic diameter JSmith 2013-01-25T15:51:30Z A measurement of the physical form or structure of the left atrium, the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the left ventricle, which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation. calculated heart left atrium morphological measurement JSmith 2013-01-25T16:00:18Z A calculated measurement corresponding to the ratio or percent reduction in left atrial diameter between end-systole and end-diastole. It is calculated as the left atrium end-systolic diameter (LADs) minus the left atrium end-diastolic diameter (LADd) divided by the left atrium end-systolic diameter (LADs). heart left atrium fractional shortening JSmith 2013-01-28T16:41:10Z Measurement of the number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes and monocytes, with a single round or oval nucleus in a specified volume of blood. mononuclear leukocyte count blood mononuclear cell count JSmith 2013-01-30T14:16:47Z A measurement of the movement of blood through one or more vessels or organs in the body which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation. calculated blood flow measurement JSmith 2013-03-15T17:22:25Z Any measurement of the thick contractile middle layer of uniquely constructed and arranged muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall. myocardium measurement JSmith 2013-03-15T17:29:25Z The volume of fluid flowing into, out of or through the blood vessels and microvasculature of the myocardium, the thick contractile middle layer of uniquely constructed and arranged muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall, per unit time. myocardial flow rate JSmith 2013-03-15T17:38:35Z Measurement of the amount of radioactive or other tracer is lost from the myocardium, the thick contractile middle layer of uniquely constructed and arranged muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall, per unit time. myocardial clearance rate JSmith 2013-06-18T10:33:25Z A value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of vascular smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body. vascular smooth muscle measurement Not4Curation blood vessel smooth muscle measurement JSmith 2013-06-18T10:41:10Z Any quantification of the physical form or structure of the layered tissue which encloses and constitutes the structural component of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. aortic wall morphological measurement aorta wall morphological measurement JSmith 2013-06-18T10:42:34Z Measurement of the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of the aorta smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. aortic smooth muscle cell count aorta smooth muscle cell count JSmith 2013-06-18T11:29:28Z Measurement of the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of vascular smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body. vascular smooth muscle cell count blood vessel smooth muscle cell count JSmith 2013-06-18T12:57:40Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation of the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of vascular smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body. calculated vascular smooth muscle cell count calculated blood vessel smooth muscle cell count JSmith 2013-06-18T12:59:11Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation of the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of the aorta smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. calculated aortic smooth muscle cell count calculated aorta smooth muscle cell count JSmith 2013-06-18T13:25:39Z A calculated value in which the total number of cells, membrane-enclosed protoplasmic masses constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, in a specified sample of the aorta smooth muscle, the contractile soft tissue having fine myofibrils but lacking transverse striations composing the majority of the wall of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds, is divided by the length of the smooth muscle section in which that number is determined. aortic smooth muscle cell count per unit vessel length aorta smooth muscle cell count per unit vessel length JSmith 2013-06-18T14:44:11Z The amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body. heart LV DNA content heart left ventricle DNA content heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content JSmith 2013-06-18T14:46:40Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body. calculated heart LV DNA content calculated heart left ventricle DNA content calculated heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content JSmith 2013-06-18T14:49:33Z A calculated measurement in which amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body, is divided by the total weight or heaviness of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism. heart LV DNA content to body weight ratio heart left ventricle DNA content to BW ratio heart left ventricle DNA content to body weight ratio heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content to body weight ratio JSmith 2013-06-18T14:52:32Z The amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung. heart RV DNA content heart right ventricle DNA content heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content JSmith 2013-06-18T14:54:27Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung. calculated heart RV DNA content calculated heart right ventricle DNA content calculated heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content JSmith 2013-06-18T14:56:34Z A calculated measurement in which amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecule composed of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups and any combination of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and/or thymine, extracted from or contained in the heart right ventricle, the lower chamber of the right side of the heart (from the perspective of the organism rather than the observer), which pumps venous blood through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the capillaries of the lung, is divided by the total weight or heaviness of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism. heart RV DNA content to body weight ratio heart right ventricle DNA content to BW ratio heart right ventricle DNA content to body weight ratio heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content to body weight ratio JSmith 2013-06-20T14:09:54Z Measurement of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel which does not involve the action of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect. blood vessel receptor-independent maximum contractility receptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile force JSmith 2013-06-20T14:10:59Z Measurement of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel which is instigated by the activation of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect. blood vessel receptor-dependent maximum contractility receptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force JSmith 2013-06-20T14:12:17Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel. calculated blood vessel maximum contractile force measurement JSmith 2013-06-20T14:14:00Z A calculated measurement in which the receptor-dependent maximum contractile force of a blood vessel is divided by the receptor-independent maximum contractile force of a blood vessel and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The maximum contractile force of a blood vessel is the highest achievable amount of energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel, any one of the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body, resulting from a contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel. Receptor-dependent refers to such a contraction which is instigated by the activation of a receptor, a molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect. Receptor-independent denotes such a contraction that does not involve the action of a receptor. blood vessel receptor-dependent contractility to receptor-independent contractility ratio receptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force exoressed as a percentage of receptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile force receptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force to receptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile force ratio JSmith 2013-06-20T14:22:08Z A calculated value for the concentration of angiotensin II (AngII), the octapeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, that is derived from angiotensinogen and acts as a powerful vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of AngII is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such AngII-induced contractile energy. Ang2 half maximal effective concentration AngII half maximal effective concentration angiotensin 2 half maximal effective concentration angiotensin II half maximal effective concentration (EC50) concentration of angiotensin II at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (EC50) JSmith 2013-06-20T14:24:41Z A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of angiotensin II (AngII), the octapeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, that is derived from angiotensinogen and acts as a powerful vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion, at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of AngII is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such AngII-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value. Ang2 Log half maximal effective concentration AngII Log half maximal effective concentration angiotensin 2 Log half maximal effective concentration angiotensin II Log half maximal effective concentration (EC50) logarithm of the concentration of angiotensin II at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (Log EC50) JSmith 2013-06-20T15:45:33Z Measurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to angiotensin II (AngII), the octapeptide, Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, that is derived from angiotensinogen and acts as a powerful vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion. angiotensin II response/sensitivity measurement JSmith 2013-07-31T13:40:52Z The difference in left ventricular diastolic blood pressure between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. absolute change in LVDBP The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in left ventricular diastolic blood pressure JSmith 2013-07-31T15:17:53Z Any measurement of the blood pressure in the left ventricle of the heart which has been normalized or adjusted by a mathematical process or computation. Left ventricular blood pressure is the pressure, or force per area, exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the left ventricle, the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body. calculated left ventricular pressure calculated left ventricular blood pressure JSmith 2013-07-31T15:24:11Z A calculated measurement that is used as an index to characterize the contractile ability of the heart. It is believed that maximum dP/dt is a reasonable index of the initial velocity of myocardial contraction. LV +dP/dt Max peak +LVdP/dt rate of maximum positive change in left ventricular blood pressure maximum rate of positive change in left ventricular blood pressure JSmith 2013-07-31T15:27:12Z A calculated hemodynamic measurement related to the ability of the heart left ventricle to relax. The point at which the negative pressure fall velocity reaches its peak is taken to be the onset of isovolumic relaxation of the left ventricle. LV -dP/dt Max peak -LVdP/dt rate of maximum negative change in left ventricular blood pressure maximum rate of negative change in left ventricular blood pressure JSmith 2013-07-31T15:29:00Z A calculated hemodynamic value related to the ability of the heart left ventricle to relax. Tau is calculated as an exponential function of the change in intraventricular pressure during the diastolic isovolumic left ventricular pressure decrease. time constant of left ventricular relaxation time constant of left ventricular pressure decay JSmith 2013-10-16T12:18:32Z The thickness or depth (i.e. the measurement of the two-dimensional extent of the distance between the inner and outer surfaces) of the dorsal/posterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart at the end of systole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally contracted. The dorsal wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is closest to the spine and farthest from the chest wall of the organism. The left ventricle is the lower chamber of the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all the tissues of the body. end-systolic heart left ventricle posterior wall thickness end-systolic heart left ventricle PWT Note that "left" in this context refers to the perspective of the organism, not that of the observer. heart left ventricle end-systolic posterior wall thickness JSmith 2013-11-04T17:14:28Z Any quantification of the amounts or proportions of proteins, lipids, minerals, nutrients, gases, or other substances ina specified sample of kidney tissue, that is, tissue from one or both of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. kidney molecular composition measurement JSmith 2013-11-04T17:16:16Z Quanitification of one or more lipids in a specified sample of kidney tissue, that is, tissue from one or both of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. A lipid is any of a structurally diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble innonpolar solvents that, among other biological functions, serve as a source of fuel and are an important constituent of cell structure. kidney lipid composition measurement JSmith 2013-11-04T17:22:56Z The amount of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a vasoconstrictor that consists of arachidonic acid (a C20, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (Z)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14) bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20, in a specified sample of kidney tissue, that is, tissue from one or both of the paired organs which function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. kidney 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid level kidney 20-HETE level JSmith 2013-11-07T16:12:26Z The number of immune cells in a specified sample. An immune cell is any cell involved in the immune system, a complex set of interconnected and interdependent cellular and molecular components having the primary functions of distinguishing self from not self and of defense against foreign organisms or substances. A cell is a membrane-enclosed protoplasmic mass constituting the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning. immune cell count JSmith 2013-11-08T16:00:08Z The difference in the pulse pressure of an individual between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures, i.e. the difference between the maximal arterial pressure and minimal arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle. The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in pulse pressure JSmith 2013-11-18T15:00:01Z A calculated measurement of the degree to which a change in the size of the remaining kidney after surgical removal of the other kidney can be attributed to compensatory growth, calculated as the ratio of the normalized weight of a single kidney at the time of surgical removal divided by the similarly normalized weight of the single remaining kidney at a specified period of time after removal. The normalized kidney weight is the weight of the kidney corrected for body weight using an empirically determined allometric scaling factor (i.e., an exponential factor which adjusts for the normal increase in kidney weight due to normal growth and development of the individual). Compensatory growth is the phenomenon in which the impaired function of one organ in a paired organ system or of part of an organ in a single organ system is followed by enlargement of the surviving organ or tissue so that functional capacity is maintained. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. CRG score compensatory renal growth score JSmith 2013-11-18T16:20:39Z A calculated measurement in which the difference in the volume of blood delivered to and/or exiting from the kidneys per unit time between two points in time or two conditions is divided by the weight (heaviness or degree to which a body is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one or both kidneys, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. ratio of change in renal blood flow rate to kidney weight JSmith 2013-11-18T17:22:16Z A measurement of the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Renal vascular resistance is calculated as the renal blood flow rate divided by the mean arterial pressure. kidney vascular resistance renal vascular resistance JSmith 2013-11-18T17:23:40Z A measurement that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Blood vessels are the network of muscular tubes that carry blood throughout the body. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. calculated kidney vascular resistance calculated renal vascular resistance JSmith 2013-11-18T17:26:57Z The difference in renal vascular resistance between two points in time or two conditions expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. Renal vascular resistance is the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Blood vessels are the network of muscular tubes that carry blood throughout the body. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. absolute change in kidney vascular resistance The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in renal vascular resistance JSmith 2013-11-18T17:27:01Z A calculated measurement of the slope, the ratio of vertical change to horizontal change, of the line of a graph designating the change in renal vascular resistance in response to a drug or other condition which causes constriction or reduction of the interior diameter of blood vessels. Renal vascular resistance is the degree to which the blood vessels of the kidneys impede the flow of blood through them. Blood vessels are the network of muscular tubes that carry blood throughout the body. Blood is the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues and metabolites away from them. Kidney is the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. slope of constriction-induced renal vascular resistance curve slope of contraction-induced kidney vascular resistance curve slope of contraction-induced renal vascular resistance curve JSmith 2013-11-19T13:00:18Z The enumeration, i.e. measurement of the total number, of defects or lesions of the internal elastic lamina which are not hyperplastic or neoplastic in origin in a specified sample of artery. A lesion is a localized pathological change in structure of an organ or tissue due to injury or disease; especially one that is circumscribed and well defined. The internal elastic lamina (IEL) is a fenestrated (perforated) layer of elastic tissue, i.e., one having the property of returning to the original shape after being distorted, that is the outermost part of the intima (innermost layer) of an artery. The IEL is the elastic layer that is situated between the tunica intima (inner layers) and tunica media (middle layers) of artery walls. An artery is any one of the branching system of muscular, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. artery internal elastic lamina defect count artery internal elastic lamina non-tumorous lesion count JSmith 2013-11-19T14:28:34Z The amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. renal plasma flow rate RPF renal plasma flow JSmith 2013-11-19T14:51:51Z A calculated measurement in which the effective renal plasma flow rate (eRPF) is divided by weight (i.e. the heaviness or the degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of both kidneys and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The eRPF is the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of a non-metabolizable solute such as para-aminohippurate (PAH). Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. effective renal plasma flow rate to both kidney weight ratio eRPF to both kidney weight ratio ratio of the effective renal plasma flow to the weight of both kidneys JSmith 2013-11-19T14:52:06Z A calculated measurement of the amount of plasma that perfuses the renal tubules per unit time, derived by measurement of the clearance rate of a non-metabolizable solute such as para-aminohippurate (PAH). The effective RPF is approximately 10% less than the actual RPF. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. effective renal plasma flow rate eRPF effective renal plasma flow JSmith 2013-11-19T14:52:10Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the amount of plasma that perfuses the kidneys per unit time. Plasma is the fibrinogen-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended. The kidneys are the paired organs that function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. calculated renal plasma flow rate calculated RPF calculated renal plasma flow JSmith 2013-11-26T15:36:46Z Any measurement that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the weight of only one of the kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. calculated single kidney weight JSmith 2013-11-26T15:39:42Z Any measurement that has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the weight of both (the complete set of two) of the kidneys, the paired organ which functions to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration, and filter the blood of metabolic wastes. calculated both kidneys weight JSmith 2013-11-26T15:48:04Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of only the single right kidney is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percent, thus normalizing it to body weight and by extension to the size of the organism. The right kidney is the organ which lies on the right side of the body from the perspective of the subject. individual right kidney wet weight to body weight ratio right kidney wet weight to body weight ratio JSmith 2013-11-26T15:48:07Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after removal from the body but without desiccation of only the left kidney is divided by the total weight of the body and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percent, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism. The left kidney is the organ which lies on the left side of the body from the perspective of the subject. individual left kidney wet weight to body weight ratio left kidney wet weight to body weight ratio JSmith 2013-11-26T16:04:13Z A calculated measurement in which the value for the volume of blood delivered to and/or exiting from the kidneys per unit time is divided by the weight (heaviness or degree to which an object is drawn toward the earth by gravity) of one or both kidneys, and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. renal blood flow rate to kidney weight ratio JSmith 2013-12-02T10:53:31Z A calculated measurement in which difference in the mean arterial blood pressure between two or more dosages of a drug or chemical which reduces the interior diameter of blood vessels is divided by difference in the logarithm of the applied dosages and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The value is calculated as the slope of the curve of the mean arterial blood pressure versus log of the vasoconstrictor dose [VC] graph, given by the equation (log[VC]2 - log[VC]1)/(MAP at [VC]2 - MAP at [VC]1). A logarithm is the power to which a base, such as 10, must be raised to produce a given number. change in MAP to change in log[vasoconstrictor] ratio change in mean arterial blood pressure to change in the logarithm of the vasoconstrictor dose ratio JSmith 2013-12-02T11:03:44Z Measurement of the length of a straight line passing through the center and connecting opposite points on the circumference of a circle delineating the outer limits of a glomerulosclerotic lesion. kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion diameter JSmith 2013-12-02T11:54:57Z A calculated measurement in which the diameter of kidney glomerular injury is divided by the value of the mean arterial blood pressure and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, for example to give an index of kidney damage relative to the level of hypertension. kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion diameter to mean arterial blood pressure ratio JSmith 2013-12-03T17:32:45Z Measurement of the physical form or structure of one or more blood vessels, the network of muscular tubes that carry blood through the body. blood vessel morphological measurement JSmith 2013-12-03T18:01:02Z Any quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of the wall of the aorta, the layered tissue which encloses and constitutes the structural component of the great artery arising from the left ventricle from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. A molecule is an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical combination of two or more atoms forming a specific chemical substance. aortic wall molecular composition measurement aorta wall molecular composition measurement JSmith 2013-12-03T18:08:51Z The amount of elastin in a specified sample of aorta wall tissue. Elastin is an elastic, fibrous mucoprotein, similar to collagen, and the major connective tissue protein of elastic fibers, such as those in arterial walls. aortic wall elastin level aorta wall extracellular elastin level JSmith 2013-12-03T18:13:06Z The amount of collagen in a specified sample of aorta wall tissue. Collagen refers to any of a family of extracellular, closely related proteins occurring as a major component of connective tissue, giving it strength and flexibility. aortic wall collagen level aorta wall extracellular collagen level JSmith 2013-12-03T18:14:39Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of the wall of the aorta. calculated aortic wall molecular composition measurement calculated aorta wall molecular composition measurement JSmith 2013-12-03T18:21:20Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after dessication of the extracellular elastin in a specified sample of aorta wall is divided by the total weight after dessication of that sample of aorta wall, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. aortic wall elastin dry weight to total aortic wall dry weight ratio aorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta wall dry weight ratio JSmith 2013-12-03T18:29:26Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after dessication of the extracellular elastin in a specified sample of aorta wall is divided by the weight of extracellular collagen in that sample of aorta wall, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. aortic wall elastin dry weight to aortic wall collagen weight ratio aorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta wall extracellular collagen weight ratio JSmith 2013-12-04T10:31:25Z The total amount of protein extracted from within the cells of the aortic wall in a specified sample of aorta. Protein is any of a group of complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages. aorta cellular protein level aorta wall total intracellular protein level aorta wall intracellular protein level JSmith 2014-01-07T16:35:21Z The difference in mean arterial blood pressure between two points in time or two conditions expressed as a percentage (the proportion or rate per hundred parts). The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. percent change in mean arterial blood pressure JSmith 2014-01-07T16:51:06Z Average slope of the line defined by the change in heart rate (the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time) relative to the change in mean arterial blood pressure (the average force the blood exerts on an artery wall) over time and/or in response to a change in conditions. change in heart rate to change in mean arterial blood pressure ratio JSmith 2014-01-07T16:53:44Z Maximum, largest or steepest slope of the line defined by the change in heart rate (the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time) relative to the change in mean arterial blood pressure (the average blood pressure within an artery over a specified period of time) over time and/or in response to a change in conditions. maximum change in heart rate to change in mean arterial blood pressure ratio JSmith 2014-01-23T17:03:36Z The amount of sterol, any of a group of steroids with a long (8 to 10 carbons) aliphatic side-chain at position 17 and at least one alcoholic group, in a specified sample of blood. blood sterol level JSmith 2014-01-23T17:04:50Z The amount of sterol, any of a group of steroids with a long (8 to 10 carbons) aliphatic side-chain at position 17 and at least one alcoholic group, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. serum sterol level JSmith 2014-01-24T15:13:32Z Any quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of a specified tissue or set of tissues. tissue molecular composition measurement JSmith 2014-01-27T15:49:38Z Determination of the number of mononuclear cells, i.e. leukocytes such as lymphocytes and monocytes with a single round or oval nucleus (including but not limited to such cells found in blood, lymph or spleen) found in a specified sample. mononuclear cell number mononuclear cell count JSmith 2014-01-28T16:41:28Z A calculated measurement in which .the number of kidney glomeruli displaying an abnormal (i.e., pathogenic) crescentic morphology is divided by the number of kidney glomeruli displaying normal morphology, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. kidney crescentic glomeruli count to kidney normal glomeruli count ratio JSmith 2014-01-31T16:39:20Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of heart rate, the number of contractions of the cardiac ventricles per unit of time. calculated heart rate measurement JSmith 2014-01-31T16:41:23Z The difference between two points in time or two conditions in heart rate expressed as the ratio of the low frequency R-R interval component of the power spectrum analysis to the high frequency R-R interval component of the power spectrum analysis, expressed as the result of the subtraction in and of itself without comparison by ratio with another quantity. absolute change in heart rate variability absolute change in ECG LF/HF ratio absolute change in EKG LF/HF ratio absolute change in electrocardiographic low frequency R-R interval to high frequency R-R interval ratio The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute change in electrocardiographic low frequency R-R spectral component to high frequency R-R spectral component ratio JSmith 2014-02-03T17:42:14Z Any quantitation of the molecules, atoms and/or ions which constitute the chemical make-up of the tissue(s) of the heart left ventricle. A molecule is an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical combination of two or more atoms forming a specific chemical substance. heart left ventricle molecular composition measurement JSmith 2014-02-03T17:43:11Z The amount in a specified sample of tissue from the heart left ventricle, of natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), a powerful vasodilator and peptide hormone secreted mainly by heart muscle cells and involved in control of extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis. heart left ventricle atrial natriuretic factor level heart left ventricle natriuretic peptide A protein level heart left ventricle NPPA level heart left ventricle natriuretic peptide A level JSmith 2014-02-03T17:55:31Z The amount of renin in a specified sample of kidney tissue. Renin, an aspartyl protease, catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, the first step in the activation pathway of angiotensinogen--a cascade that can result in aldosterone release,vasoconstriction, and increase in blood pressure. kidney renin protein level kidney REN level kidney renin level JSmith 2014-03-10T15:24:43Z Any quantification of the ability of a protein of the kidney to accomplish an effect, e.g. take part in a chemical reaction or carry out a specified molecular function. kidney protein activity measurement JSmith 2014-03-10T15:31:04Z Any quantification of the ability of a kidney enzyme, i.e. a protein located in the kidney that catalyzes chemical reactions of other substances without itself being destroyed or altered upon completion of the reactions, to carry out its specified molecular function. kidney enzyme activity measurement JSmith 2014-03-10T17:51:03Z A calculated measurement in which the level of catalase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Catalase converts the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. kidney catalase activity to total protein level ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:52:00Z A calculated measurement in which the level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase catalizes the conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ to 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH. kidney G6PD activity to total protein level ratio kidney glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to total protein level ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:53:05Z A calculated measurement in which the level of glutathione reductase (GSR) enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. GSR reduces oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form GSH. kidney GSR activity to total protein level ratio kidney glutathione reductase activity to total protein level ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:54:38Z A calculated measurement in which the level of glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Glutathione peroxidases constitute a family of proteins that reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and reduce free hydrogen peroxide to water. kidney glutathione peroxidase activity to total protein level ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:55:21Z A calculated measurement in which the level of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Glutathione-S-transferase refers to any of a family of proteins with the ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates for the purpose of detoxification. kidney glutathione-S-transferase activity to total protein level ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:55:56Z A calculated measurement in which the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. superoxide dismutases constitute a family of proteins that convert naturally-occuring but harmful superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. kidney superoxide dismutase activity to total protein level ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:56:39Z A calculated measurement in which the level of paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the weight of total protein in that sample. Paraoxonase 1 is an arylesterase that mainly hydrolyzes paroxon, an organophosphorus anticholinesterase compound, to produce p-nitrophenol. kidney paraoxonase-1 activity to total protein level ratio kidney paraoxonase1 activity to total protein level ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:57:32Z A calculated measurement in which the level of glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the level of glutathione reductase enzyme activity in that same sample. kidney glutathione peroxidase activity to glutathione reductase activity ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:58:30Z A calculated measurement in which the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the level of catalase enzyme activity in that same sample. kidney superoxide dismutase to catalase activity ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:59:04Z A calculated measurement in which the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the level of glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity in that same sample. kidney superoxide dismutase to glutathione peroxidase ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T17:59:34Z A calculated measurement in which the level of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the level of paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity in that same sample. kidney superoxide dismutase to paraoxonase-1 activity ratio kidney superoxide dismutase to paraoxonase1 activity ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T18:02:47Z The amount of glutathione in a specified sample of kidney tissue. Glutathione (GSH/GSSG) is an antioxidant tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine (which is attached by normal peptide linkage to a glycine) and the carboxyl group of the glutamate side-chain. kidney GSH level kidney glutathione level JSmith 2014-03-10T18:03:40Z The amount of malondialdehyde in a specified sample of kidney tissue. Malondialdehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CHO)2. It is a reactive species which occurs naturally, is generally found in the enol form (HOCH=CH-CHO), and is a marker for oxidative stress. kidney malondialdehyde level JSmith 2014-03-10T18:04:53Z A calculated measurement in which the level of protein carbonyl (PCO) derivatives in a specified sample of kidney is divided by the total amount of protein in the sample. Protein carbonyl (PCO) derivatives are produced by the oxidation of amino acids and can be used as a marker of oxidative stress. kidney protein carbonyl level to total protein level ratio JSmith 2014-03-10T18:06:09Z The amount of platinum, the chemical element with atomic number 78, in a specified sample of kidney tissue. kidney platinum level JSmith 2014-03-11T14:14:26Z The amount of enzymatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) enzyme in a specified sample of serum. CK catalyses the reversible transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens such as creatine phosphate. Serum CK level is used as an enzymatic marker for myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. serum creatine phosphokinase activity level serum CK activity level serum CPK activity level serum creatine kinase activity level JSmith 2014-03-11T16:52:38Z The amount of lipid peroxidation end products in a specified sample of kidney tissue. Lipid peroxidation is the oxidative degradation of lipids. kidney LPO level kidney lipid peroxidation level kidney lipid peroxide level JSmith 2014-03-12T15:00:11Z Measurement of the size of the three dimensional space occupied by a single kidney glomerulus. kidney glomerulus volume JSmith 2014-03-24T12:45:12Z Calculated measurement of a difference in the maximum arterial blood pressure, that is the pressure at the point of maximal contraction of the heart, between two points in time, one during the day and the other at night, expressed as a number (positive or negative), not as a ratio or percentage relative to another quantity. absolute circadian change in systolic blood pressure systolic diurnal amplitude The term "absolute change" refers to the subtraction of one value from another, as opposed to a dissimilarity of two values expressed as a ratio or as a percentage. In this context it is not intended to necessarily imply the difference expressed as an absolute value |n|, that is, the numeric value of the difference without regard to its sign. absolute diurnal change in systolic blood pressure JSmith 2014-03-24T13:34:25Z The amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, in a specified sample of blood. Cholesterol in the blood is generally associated with various lipoproteins. Not4Curation blood cholesterol level JSmith 2014-03-24T13:36:35Z The amount of cholesterol, a eukaryotic sterol that in higher animals is the precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones and a key constituent of cell membranes, in a specified sample of serum, the clear liquid that separates from blood after it has clotted completely, i.e. blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Cholesterol in the serum is associated with various lipoproteins. Not4Curation serum cholesterol level JSmith 2014-03-28T12:01:46Z A calculated measurement in which difference in the mean arterial blood pressure between two or more dosages of a drug or chemical which reduces or increases the interior diameter of blood vessels is divided by difference the applied dosages and presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. The value is calculated as the slope of the curve of the mean arterial blood pressure versus the chemical dose graph. beta coefficient of mean arterial blood pressure change change in MAP to change in [vasoactive chemical] ratio slope of the change in mean arterial blood pressure change in mean arterial blood pressure to change in vasoactive chemical dose ratio JSmith 2014-03-28T16:44:54Z Ratio of the wall thickness (WT) of an artery to outer diameter (OD) of that artery at that location, usually expressed as a percentage, i.e. WT/OD x 100, but could also be expressed as a ratio, fraction or quotient. This measurement can be used to assess stenosis, a pathological narrowing of a blood vessel. arterial stenosis measurement artery wall thickness as percentage of artery outer diameter artery wall thickness as percentage of artery total diameter artery wall thickness to artery total diameter ratio JSmith 2014-04-24T12:47:44Z Any value resulting from the quantification of a morphological or physiological parameter of leukocytes, largely colorless blood corpuscles capable of ameboid movement, whose chief function is to protect the body against microorganisms and other disease-causing entities. leukocyte measurement white blood cell measurement JSmith 2014-05-13T18:19:12Z A calculated measurement in which the number of white blood cells of one or more specific types in a specified sample of blood is divided by the total number of white blood cells in the sample, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Not4Curation blood differential leukocyte count to total WBC count ratio blood differential leukocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells differential white blood cell percentage blood differential leukocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio JSmith 2014-05-27T13:59:17Z Any measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of a morphological or physiological parameter of non-neoplastic lesions in the kidney. Not4Curation calculated renal non-tumorous lesion measurement calculated kidney non-tumorous lesion measurement JSmith 2014-05-27T14:01:07Z A calculated measurement in which the area occupied by renal protein casts is divided by the total, combined area of the outer stripe of the kidney outer medulla and the kidney cortex, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. Renal protein casts are gelled proteins precipitated in the renal tubules and molded to the tubular lumen. The medulla outer stripe is the section of the renal medula adjacent to the renal cortex and contains portions of the nephron, including the straight proximal tubules, and portions of the loops of henle and outer medullary collecting ducts. percent area of renal protein casting ratio of the area occupied by protein casts to the total area of the kidney outer medulla outer stripe and cortex JSmith 2014-05-28T15:22:49Z A calculated value in which the weight of the heart after removal from the body but without dessication is divided by the total weight of the body, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage, thus normalizing it to body weight and, by extension, to the size of the organism. heart wet weight as a percentage of body weight heart wet weight to body weight ratio JSmith 2014-06-09T17:16:49Z A calculated measurement in which the difference between the contractile force of a blood vessel in response to a vasoconstrictor and the baseline contractile force exerted by that vessel in the absence of any external stimuli, is divided by the baseline contractile force measurement and the result expressed as a percentage. A vasoconstrictor is any agent or condition that narrows blood vessels by constricting the smooth muscle in the vessel walls. vasoconstrictor-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline JSmith 2014-06-09T17:21:51Z A calculated measurement in which the difference between the contractile force of a blood vessel in response to a specified dosage of phenylephrine and the baseline contractile force exerted by that vessel in the absence of any external stimuli, is divided by the baseline contractile force measurement and the result expressed as a percentage. Phenylephrine is an adrenergic drug that is a powerful vasoconstrictor. phenylephrine-induced blood vessel constriction expressed as percent of force at baseline phenylephrine-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline JSmith 2014-06-09T17:30:04Z A calculated measurement in which the difference between the contractile force of a blood vessel in response to a specified dosage of potassium chloride and the baseline contractile force exerted by that vessel in the absence of any external stimuli, is divided by the baseline contractile force measurement and the result expressed as a percentage. Potassium chloride is the salt of the potassium cation (K+) and the chlorine/chloride anion (Cl-). It is used as an eletroylyte replenisher and has mild vasoconstrictive properties when applied directly to blood vessels. KCl-induced blood vessel constriction expressed as percent of force at baseline potassium chloride-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline JSmith 2014-06-09T18:11:50Z Measurement of an organism's, organ's, tissue's or cell's capacity to respond, such as by a change in activity, state or condition, to potassium chloride, the salt of the potassium cation (K+) and the chlorine/chloride anion (Cl-). Potassium chloride is used as an eletroylyte replenisher and has mild vasoconstrictive properties when applied directly to blood vessels. KCl response/sensitivity measurement potassium chloride response/sensitivity measurement JSmith 2014-06-09T18:19:26Z A calculated value for the concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of KCl is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such KCl-induced contractile energy. Potassium chloride is the salt of the potassium cation (K+) and the chlorine/chloride anion (Cl-). It is used as an eletroylyte replenisher and has mild vasoconstrictive properties when applied directly to blood vessels. potassium chloride half maximal effective concentration (EC50) KCl half maximal effective concentration (EC50) concentration of potassium chloride at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (EC50) JSmith 2014-06-09T18:28:02Z A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of KCl is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such KCl-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value. potassium chloride Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50) KCl Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50) logarithm of the concentration of potassium chloride at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (Log EC50) JSmith 2014-06-09T18:33:14Z A calculated value for the concentration of a vasoconstrictor at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of the stimulus is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such stimulus-induced contractile energy. A vasoconstrictor is any agent or condition that narrows blood vessels by constricting the smooth muscle in the vessel walls. vasoconstrictor half maximal effective concentration (EC50) concentration of vasoconstrictor at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (EC50) JSmith 2014-06-09T18:47:36Z A calculated value for logarithm of the concentration of a vasoconstrictor at which the energy produced by the active reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel in response to the application of the stimulus is halfway between the baseline value and the highest achievable value of such stimulus-induced contractile energy. The logarithm of the concentration is the exponent indicating the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that concentration value. A vasoconstrictor is any agent or condition that narrows blood vessels by constricting the smooth muscle in the vessel walls. vasoconstrictor Log half maximal effective concentration (Log EC50) logarithm of the concentration of vasoconstrictor at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (Log EC50) JSmith 2014-06-24T10:28:27Z The thickness or depth of the ventral/anterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart at the end of diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed. The ventral/anterior wall is the portion of the muscle enclosing the ventricle which is farthest from the spine and closest to the chest wall of the organism. heart left ventricle end-diastolic ventral wall thickness LVAWd heart left ventricle end-diastolic anterior wall thickness JSmith 2014-06-24T10:38:32Z A calculated measurement in which the weight of the left ventricle of the heart is divided by its area at end-diastole, that is, when the heart muscle is maximally relaxed, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. heart left ventricle weight to heart left ventricle end-diastolic area ratio JSmith 2014-07-01T11:15:11Z Any measurement of the movement of blood into, through or out of the heart. heart blood flow measurement JSmith 2014-07-01T11:21:13Z Measurement of the speed at which blood flows into the ventricle during passive filling, that is, during the period when the blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle due to gravity rather than as a result of active contraction of the atrium. E wave velocity JSmith 2014-07-01T11:23:06Z An echocardiographic measurement of the amount of time between the maximum 'E point', that is, the maximum velocity of passive blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle, and the return to baseline at the end of early mitral flow. DT EDT E wave deceleration time JSmith 2014-07-01T11:26:09Z Measurement of the decrease in transmitral blood flow velocity per unit time or the rate at which the velocity of passive blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle decreases over time as the ventricle fills and the atrium empties, calculated as the slope of transmitral velocity vs time. EDR E wave deceleration rate JSMITH 2014-08-05T16:41:32Z Any measurement of the physical form or structure of a muscle fiber, any of the cells of skeletal or cardiac muscle tissue. Each cell is one fiber of the muscle. muscle fiber morphological measurement JSMITH 2014-08-05T16:42:27Z Any measurementof the physical form or structure of a skeletal muscle fiber, a cylindrical multinucleate cell of skeletal muscle tissue containing contracting myofibrils and across which run transverse striations. skeletal muscle fiber morphological measurement JSMITH 2014-08-05T16:43:25Z The average number of capillaries associated with and/or surrounding an individual skeletal muscle fiber, a cylindrical multinucleate cell of skeletal muscle tissue containing contracting myofibrils and across which run transverse striations. Capillaries are the minute vessels connecting arterioles and venules, the walls of which act as a semipermeable membrane for interchange of various substances between the blood and tissue fluid. number of capillaries per skeletal muscle cell number of capillaries per skeletal muscle fiber JSMITH 2014-08-05T16:46:26Z Any measurement, morphological or physiological of the minute vessels connecting arterioles and venules, the walls of which act as a semipermeable membrane for interchange of various substances between the blood and tissue fluid. capillary measurement JSMITH 2014-08-06T10:31:27Z The length of time in the cardiac cycle between the end of left ventricular relaxation and the start of left ventricular filling. This represents the time in the cardiac cycle between closure of the aortic valve and opening of the mitral valve. time constant of isovolumetric LV fall LV-IVRT left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time JSMITH 2014-08-06T10:46:35Z The time interval from the completion of the mitral valve closure to the beginning of the aortic valve opening, that is, the period of contraction during which both the mitral and aortic valves are closed so that the volume of the ventricular space doesn't change. left ventricular isovolumetric contraction time JSMITH 2014-08-18T11:44:51Z The length of time in the cardiac cycle between the end of right ventricular relaxation and the start of right ventricular filling. RV-IVRT right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time JSMITH 2014-08-18T11:59:50Z A measurement which has been normalized, adjusted or derived by a mathematical process or computation, of the length of time in the cardiac cycle between the end of left ventricular relaxation and the start of left ventricular filling. calculated LV-IVRT calculated left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time JSMITH 2014-08-18T12:04:19Z A calculated measurement in which the value of the left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time is corrected by the square root of the R-R interval [IVRT/(RR)1/2] on a simultaneously-recorded ECG. heart rate-corrected left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time JSMITH 2014-08-18T12:19:05Z Measurement of the length of time between the closing of the mitral valve (the dual-flap valve in the heart that controls blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle) at the end of ventricular filling (that is, after atrial contraction) and its opening at the beginning of the next round of ventricular filling. MV co mitral valve closure to opening time JSMITH 2014-08-18T13:27:39Z The time interval from the opening to the closing of the aortic valve (mechanical systole). LVET left ventricular ejection time JSMITH 2014-08-18T13:54:20Z A calculated measurement comprised of the sum of left ventricular isovolumetric contraction time and isovolumetric relaxation time divided by the left ventricular ejection time. MPI TEI-Doppler index myocardial performance index JSMITH 2014-08-18T14:05:03Z Any measurement of the degree to which the presentation of any cardiovascular disease state, causes pain or damage, or interferes with the normal functioning of an organism or of any part thereof. cardiovascular disease severity measurement JSMITH 2014-08-18T14:20:49Z Any measurement related to a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the cardiovascular system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs. cardiovascular disease measurement JSMITH 2014-08-18T14:23:23Z Any measurement of the degree to which the presentation of an arterial disease state, causes pain or damage, or interferes with the normal functioning of an organism or of any part thereof. Arterial disease is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of one or more arteries, the vessels in which blood flows away from the heart carrying oxygenated blood, that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs. arterial disease severity measurement JSMITH 2014-08-18T15:16:50Z Measurement of the degree to which a tear or break in the continuity or configuration of the aorta (the great artery arising from the left ventricle and from which the systemic arterial system proceeds) causes pain or damage, or interferes with the normal functioning of an organism or of any part thereof. aortic rupture severity measurement JSMITH 2014-08-18T15:33:42Z The value or quantity determined by count of tears or breaks in the continuity or configuration of the fenestrated layer of elastic tissue that is the outermost part of the intima of an artery. number of ruptures of internal elastic lamina in arteries number of ruptures of internal elastic laminae in arteries number of RIEL in arteries number of ruptures of arterial IEL number of ruptures of arterial internal elastic lamina JSMITH 2014-08-18T15:35:18Z The value or quantity determined by count of tears or breaks in the continuity or configuration of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, that is, the distal segment of the descending aorta and the large arteries that originate from it. number of AA- and IA-RIEL number of RIEL in abdominal aorta and iliac arteries number of ruptures of the internal elastic lamina of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries JSMITH 2014-08-18T15:47:20Z The value or quantity determined by count of tears or breaks in the continuity or configuration of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of the renal arteries, that is, the ateries which arise from the side of the abdominal aorta and which supply the kidneys with blood. number of RIEL in renal arteries number of ruptures of the internal elastic lamina of the renal arteries JSMITH 2014-08-18T15:50:34Z A measurement of the severity of tears or breaks in the arterial internal elastic lamina (IEL) which is derived from a combination of multiple measurements and/or objective or subjective severity scores according to a specified formula or set of criteria. The IEL is the fenestrated layer of elastic tissue that is the outermost part of the intima of an artery. arterial RIEL score arterial internal elastic lamina rupture composite score JSMITH 2014-08-18T18:42:12Z A calculated measurement in which the weight after dessication of the extracellular elastin in a specified sample of the wall of the aorta is divided by the length (that is, the distance between the two ends) of that segment, and the result presented as a ratio, fraction, quotient or percentage. aorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta length ratio JSMITH 2014-08-18T18:54:19Z A measurement of the existance and severity of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) when such a measurement is derived from a combination of multiple measurements and/or an objective or subjective ranking or rating system according to a specified formula or set of criteria. PDA is the abnormal persistence of an open lumen in the ductus arteriosus, between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, after birth. PDA score score for PDA patent ductus arteriosus score JSmith 2014-08-26T13:32:08Z Any measurement involving the composition, that is, the absolute amount, relative amount or type of one or more proteins (complex high molecular weight organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur consisting of alpha-amino acids joined by peptide linkages) or peptides (low molecular weight compounds composed of at least two amino acids joined by peptide linkages) in a specified tissue or set of tissues. tissue protein/peptide composition measurement JSmith 2014-08-26T13:35:55Z Any measurement involving the composition, that is, the absolute amount, relative amount or type of one or more proteins or peptides in a specified sample of tissue from the wall of the aorta. aortic wall protein/peptide composition measurement aorta wall protein/peptide composition measurement JSmith 2014-09-11T17:13:44Z A calculated parameter derived from a a sequence of blood pressure measurements taken sequentially and ordered in time. A parameter is a mathematical and statistical variable in a model system that partially or completely characterises the mathematical model. blood pressure time series calculated parameter JSmith 2014-09-11T18:09:25Z A mathematical and statistical variable in a model system that partially or completely characterises the baroreceptor response in a blood pressure time series calculation. The baroreceptor response is the system whereby specific nerve terminals that stabilize moment to moment blood pressure variability in the carotid sinus and aortic arch sense deviations from the baseline pressure and initiate signals that dampens such deviations. blood pressure time series baroreceptor response calculation parameter JSmith 2014-09-11T18:10:33Z The first order coefficient parameter derived from a blood pressure time series moving average (also known as a rolling average, running average, moving mean, or rolling mean) calculation. blood pressure time series first order moving average coefficient JSmith 2014-09-11T18:24:22Z The fractal parameter derived from a blood pressure time series calculation based on a autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average time series model (ARFIMA, FARIMA, or fARIMA). blood pressure time series fractal parameter JSmith 2014-09-11T18:26:20Z The experimental set point parameter of the blood pressure time series baroreceptor response calculation. blood pressure time series experimental set point of the baroreceptor response