An ontology that describes plant anatomy, morphology, and growth and development in plants.
Term used for mosses, liverworts, and/or hornworts
The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P.
Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
A derives_by_manipulation_from B means: A is a type of in vitro plant structure, and every instance of A exists at a point in time later than some instance of B from which it was created through human manipulation, and every instance of A inherited a biologically significant portion of its matter from the instance of B from which it was derived.
The derives_by_manipulation_from relation, is a special case of the RO relation derives_from. Derives_from implies an instance level derivation that holds between two distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Likewise, derives_by_manipulation_from joins two plant structures before and after some manipulation. Specifically, derives_by_manipulation_from is used to describe the relation between an in vitro plant structure and the in vivo plant structure that is its temporal precursor.
X developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p.
An embryonic plant structure (PO:0025099) that is the body of a developing plant embryo (PO:0009009) attached to the maternal tissue in an plant ovule (PO:0020003) by a suspensor (PO:0020108).
The embryo proper is the entire embryo exclusive of the suspensor.
A microsporangium wall (PO:0025307) that is part of an anther (PO:0009066).
Has an outer epidermis (exothecium) and an endothecium and may have additional layers. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280).
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is grown or maintained in vitro.
estructura vegetal in vito (Spanish, exact)
In vitro growth is defined as microbe-free growth in a sterile, culture environment, usually in the laboratory. An example of a sterile culture environment is growth on or in a nutrient medium in a Petri dish, culture flask or test tube. Microbes may be intentionally added to the culture environment, such as in co-culture with Agrobacterium.
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is grown or maintained in vitro.
Includes isolated plant cells and small plant cell aggregates that proliferate while suspended in sterile liquid medium or spread on a solid agar medium.
A cultured plant cell from which the entire plant cell wall has been removed.
The cell wall is generally removed using polysaccharide-degrading enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase and /or xylanase. The cultured plant cell may be in suspension culture or from callus culture on solid media.
A cultured plant cell that was derived from leaf tissue.
c&#233lula cultivada de hoja (Spanish, exact)
May be derived from cultured plant callus or plant protoplast that was induced from a segment of leaf. In the case of the plant protoplast, after the re-establishment cell walls.
A cultured plant cell that was derived from root tissue.
c&#233lula cultivada de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
May be derived from cultured plant callus or plant protoplasts induced from a segment of root. In the case of the plant protoplast, after the re-establishment plant cell walls.
A plant callus (PO:0005052) grown or maintained in vitro.
Cultured plant callus may induced to form from plant protoplasts or cultured plant cells in suspension culture. After supplementation with the appropriate plant growth regulators, further differentiation may lead to the development of plant tissues, plant organs and ultimately, a whole plant.
A plant embryo (PO:0009009) that is grown or maintained in vitro.
Includes isolated and maintained mature or immature zygotic embryos, somatic embryos or haploid embryos (derived from male gametophyte).
A somatic plant embryo grown and maintained in vitro.
embri&#243n som&#225tico cultivado (Spanish, exact)
Cultured somatic plant embryos are commonly induced after the formation of callus from an explant and treatment with plant growth regulators.
Hook-like structure which develops at the apical part of the hypocotyl in dark-grown seedlings in dicots.
A vascular leaf (PO:0009025), borne on the stem (PO:0009047).
In Arabidopsis, refers to the leaves that are borne on the elongated inflorescence branches. May ocur singly or pairs/whorls of leaves.
A vascular leaf (PO:0009025) born in a circular pattern around a stem (PO:0009047) with compressed stem internodes (PO:0020142).
Arabidopsis, vegetative development is characterized by the production of the rosette leaves.
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a cotyledon anlagen (PO:0025432) and is part of a vegetative shoot apex (PO:0025223) and is committed to the development of a cotyledon (PO:0020030).
portion of cotyledon primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de cotiled&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A root primordium (PO:0005029) that is part of a root (PO:0009005) and is committed to the development of a lateral root (PO:0020121).
portion of lateral root primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
A lateral root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root, as in most seed plants (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), or from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) or other tissue in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493). Transition from lateral root primordium to lateral root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147), which can occur before the lateral root penetrates the exterior of the parent root.
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431) and is part of a vegetative shoot apex (PO:0025223) and is committed to the development of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
portion of vascular leaf primordium tissue (exact)
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an ovule (PO:0020003).
portion of ovule primordium tissue (exact)
The transition from ovule primordium to ovule occurs when an integument (PO:0020021) begins to develop from the protoderm (PO:0006210).
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062).
portion of gynoecium primordium tissue (exact)
Use carpel primordium (PO:0004703) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual carpel (PO:0009030).
OBSOLETE. Cells characterized by conspicuous and rather stable accumulation of starch.
c&#233lula con almid&#243n de la vaina (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a petal anlagen (PO:0025484) and is committed to the development of a petal (PO:0009032).
portion of petal primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) composed of cutin (PO:0025385), a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acids C16 and C18 chains, embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386) and forming a layer on the surface of a plant epidermis (PO:0005679).
The plant cuticle is produced in and secreted by epidermal cells (PO:0004013) of leaves (PO:0025034), stems (PO:0009047), fruits (PO:0009001), and other aerial plant structures. It has as parts an inner cuticle proper (PO:0025387) and an outer layer of epicuticular wax (PO:0025388).
OBSOLETE. A band-like wall formation within primary walls that contains suberin and lignin; typical of endodermal cells in roots, in which it occurs in radial and transverse anticlinal walls.
Comment: this term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology (GO:0048226).
OBSOLETE. A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell similar to those in transfer cells.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043680.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) which is the apical portion of the root (PO:0009005), and includes the root apical meristem (PO:0020147) and root cap (PO:0020123).
The portion of the primary root including the meristem and root cap.
punta de la ra&#237z primaria (Spanish, exact)
A root tip (PO:0000025) of a lateral root (PO:0020121).
punta de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. Tip portion of the pollen tube that is rapidly growing.
punta del tubo pol&#237nico (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete because it is a subcellular component. See GO for the term pollen tube tip (GO:0090404). Since a pollen tube tip is part_of a pollen tube, which is part of a pollen cell, annotations for pollen tube tip may also go to the more general term pollen tube cell (PO:0025195).
OBSOLETE. Tip portion of an outgrowth of a root epidermal cell.
punta del pelo de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete because it is a subcellular component. Root hair tip (GO:0035619) has been added to GO. To annotate to a cell that has a root hair tip, consider root hair cell (PO:0000256).
A collective organ part structure composed of two or more layers of various tissues that is a partition that divides a cavity formed by the fusion of two or more organs.
A septum is formed by the fusion of the walls of two adjacent organs (ovary walls or anther walls), for example, the partition between two sections of an orange, seen in cross-section.
A portion of periderm tissue (PO:0005046) characterized by the presence of intercellular spaces between the cells of the phellem (PO:0004003) and phelloderm (PO:0005050)
Lenticels are produced by the cork cambium (PO:0005599) and facilitate gas exchange.
A portion of plant tissue consisting of four microspores that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. Each cell will give rise to a male gametophyte.
t&#233trada de las microsporas (Spanish, exact)
A valve that is a part of a fruit that splits apart when the fruit dehisces.
A valve may develop from an entire carpel (as in Brassicaceae) or from part of a carpel (as in Fabaceae). If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to the specific type of fruit (PO:0009001), such as achene fruit (PO:0030107), berry fruit (PO:0030108), capsule fruit (PO:0030091), caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104), drupe fruit (PO:0030103), follicle fruit (PO:0030105), legume fruit (PO:0030100), nut fruit (PO:0030102), samara fruit (PO:0030099), schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098), silique fruit (PO:0030106), or their subclasses, depending on the species.
A maximal portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) in a whole plant (PO:0000003), collective plant structure (PO:0025497), multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496), or cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498).
A vascular system consist of the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a plant structure. May include other portions of plant tissue or plant cells (PO:0009002) of other types, such as parenchyma (PO:0005421) or fiber cells (PO:0025407).
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that is part of a cotyledon (PO:0020030).
sistema vascular del cotiled&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
sistema vascular de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127).
&#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
Cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and two polar nuclei of the central cell (or diploid secondary endosperm nucleus, in cases where two polar nuclei fuse together before double fertilization). The first cell of the endosperm, often triploid.
c&#233lula primaria del endosperma (Spanish, exact)
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
sistema vascular del eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
Enlargement or swelling at position of dormant adventitious root primordium (on the stem), inhabited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
n&#243dulo de la ra&#237z adventicia (Spanish, exact)
Unlike the root nodules, these contain functioning chloroplasts in the nodule cortex and are therefore capable of carbon fixation. Note: stem nodule is commonly used term for this structure, although the nodules are formed at positions of dormant adventitious root primordia.
One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with silica cell.
c&#233lula de corcho epid&#233rmica (Spanish, exact)
c&#233lula suber&#237 epid&#233rmica (Spanish, exact)
Developmentally different from periderm cork cell (i.e., phellem), produced by cork cambium. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
A root (PO:0009005) that develops from shoot axis (PO:0025029) tissue.
epiblasto (epiblastema) que se origina en la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A shoot-borne nodal root (PO:0003005) formed at a stem base (PO:0008039).
A shoot-borne nodal root (PO:0003005) formed at a stem node (PO:0020141) above the ground and growing directly into the soil.
This term is perhaps best defined functionally to prop the plant up, but sometimes prop roots may also act as breathing roots. Compare to pneumatophore (PO:0025357), which is a lateral root that grows upwards from below the soil or water surface.
A root (PO:0009005) that is initiated in a developing plant embryo (PO:0009009).
ra&#237z embri&#243nica (Spanish, exact)
An embryo root (PO:0000045) formed within the scutellar node (PO:0004708) of the plant embryo (PO:0009009) in some monocotyledonous plants.
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
epidermis de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
sistema vascular de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf lamina epidermis (PO:0000047) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
epidermis abaxial de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf lamina epidermis (PO:0000047) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
epidermis adaxial de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038).
epidermis del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a petiole (PO:0020038).
sistema vascular del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038).
cortex (corteza) del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a petal (PO:0025218).
sistema vascular de p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006).
A bud that develops into an inflorescence.
A bud (PO:0000055) that develops into a vegetative shoot system (PO:0025607).
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147) and by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains in the meristem, while the other is produces different root cells.
c&#233lula inicial de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A root initial cell (PO:0000059) that produces root cortex (PO:0000258) and root endodermis (PO:0005059). In direct contact with quiescent center (PO:0020149).
c&#233lula inicial del cortex/endodermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
root cortex-endodermis stem cell (exact)
A root initial cell (PO:0000059) that produces lateral root cap cells and root epidermis (PO:0006036).
c&#233lula inicial del caliptra de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
lateral root-cap epidermal initial (exact)
lateral root-cap-epidermal stem cell (exact)
An plant epidermal initial cell (PO:0000349) that undergoes several rounds of uneven division, each time giving rise to a larger daughter cell that differentiates into an epidermal ground cell and a smaller daughter cell that remains meristematic, until the meristematic cell (PO:0004010) differentiates into a guard mother cell (PO:0000351).
inicial estom&#225tica (meristemoide inicial) (Spanish, exact)
A procambial cell (PO:0025258) that is part of a leaf procambium (PO:0025259).
c&#233lula procambial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Leaf procambial cells may be derived from the shoot apical meristem or can arise throughout the mesophyll of a developing leaf.
A pericycle cell that is adjacent to the protoxylem of a vascular bundle.
c&#233lula del polo xilem&#225tico del periciclo (Spanish, exact)
Xylem pole pericycle cells are cells in the pericycle that are adjacent to the protoxylem pole of a vascular bundle. Pericycle cells that are adjacent to other xylem cells in the vascular bundle are not considered xylem pole pericycle cells. Xylem pole pericycle cells may retain some meristematic activity and are the site of lateral root initiation.
A pericycle cell that is adjacent to the protophloem of a vascular bundle.
c&#233lula del polo floem&#225tico del periciclo (Spanish, exact)
Phloem pole pericycle cells are cells in the pericycle that are adjacent to the protophloem pole of a vascular bundle. Pericycle cells that are adjacent to other phloem cells in the vascular bundle are not considered phloem pole pericycle cells. Phloem pole pericycle cells are distinct from xylem pole pericycle cells in that they display cytoplasmic characteristics of a more differentiated status.
A parenchyma cell of the mesophyll of a hydathode found between the xylem endings and the epidermis.
Proposed to be involved in the retrieval of solutes from the xylem sap.
A root (PO:0009005) that forms one or more clusters of closely spaced lateral roots (PO:0020121) of limited growth along its length.
The terms proteoid root, cluster root, and root cluster have all been used in the literature to describe either the proteoid root axis or clusters of rootlets, and caution should be taken when comparing studies because the definitions of these terms vary (Watts and Evans, 1999; Plant Physiology).
A parenchyma cell (PO:0000074) that is adjacent to a sieve tube element (PO:0000289) and arises from the same phloem mother cell (PO:0000400) as the sieve tube element.
c&#233lula acompa&#241iante (Spanish, exact)
Companion cells are connected to sieve tube elements through plasmodesmata and function in phloem loading of small molecules, including photosynthate (either sucrose or raffinose-family oligosaccharides). May participate in phloem sucrose loading (GO:0009915). Molecules can be loaded into the companion cells from surrounding cells through either symplastic (via plasmodesmata) or apoplastic (transmembrane) transport. Unlike sieve tube elements, companion cells retain their nuclei and other organelles at maturity. A sieve tube element may have one or more or no companion cells associated with it. This term should not be used for other types of parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that do not arise from the same phloem mother cell as a sieve tube element. Companion cells are found in angiosperms, as compared to albuminous cells (PO:0025412), which are found in non-angiosperm vascular plants. Companion cells may be specialized as transfer companion cells (PO:0025458), ordinary companion cells (PO:0025459), or intermediary companion cells (PO:0025460). Multiple types of companion cells may be found in the same plant.
A relatively unspecialized ground tissue cell with a nucleate protoplast.
c&#233lula parenquim&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
An elongated plant cell with unevenly thickened non-lignified primary walls that is alive at maturity.
c&#233lula colenquim&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
A parenchyma cell containing chloroplasts; a component of leaf mesophyll and other green parenchyma tissue.
c&#233lula clorenquim&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
A ground tissue cell (PO:0025030) with a lignified secondary cell wall.
c&#233lula esclerenquim&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
May be dead at maturity. The secondary cell wall of a sclerenchyma cell is often thicker than other cell types in the same plant structure, but it is not always easy to distinguish from tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or sclerified parenchyma cells (PO:0000074). Compare with collenchyma cells (PO:0000075) that are always alive at maturity, have irregularly thickened primary cell walls, and do not have lignified secondary cell walls. Collenchyma cells provides flexibility while sclerenchyma cells provide hardness. Sclerenchyma cells include plant fiber cells (PO:0025407) and sclerid cells (PO:0025418).
A cell with wall ingrowths (or invaginations) that increase the surface of the plasmalemma.
c&#233lula de transferencia (Spanish, exact)
Appear to be specialized for short-distance transfer of solutes. Transfer cells can occur anywhere there is a junction between two individuals, such as between a sporophyte and a gametophyte, or between a parasitic plant and its host.
An elongated cambial initial cell (PO:0000295) with approximately wedge-shaped ends that is part of the vascular cambium (PO:0005598) and gives rise to axial cells.
c&#233lula inicial fusiforme (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. A vascular cell derived from the fusiform cambial initial and oriented with its longest diameter parallel with the main axis of stem or root.
This term was made obsolete because it is not appropriate. It is replaced by sieve element, tracheary element, and fiber cell.
A cambial initial cell (PO:0000295) that gives rise to ray cells of the secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
c&#233lula inicial de rayo (Spanish, exact)
A gamete (PO:0025006) produced by an antheridium (PO:0025125) or a microgametophyte (PO:0025280).
c&#233lula esperm&#225tica o esperma (Spanish, exact)
The sperm cell is usually smaller than the egg cell. Male gametes may be defined as the motile gamete, rather than the smaller gamete. Plant sperm cells lack a cell wall.
A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
epidermis del eje del tallo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot epidermal cell (PO:0025165) that surrounds a trichome (PO:0000282) and provides its support.
cell located at the base of the trichome (related)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as part a separation layer (PO:0006211) and a protective layer (PO:0006212), and is involved in the abscission (GO:0009838) of a fruit (PO:0009001), flower (PO:0009046), leaf (PO:0025034) or other plant structure (PO:0009011).
Cell, usually two in number, in the micropylar end of the embryo sac of angiosperms associated with the egg in the egg apparatus.
A portion of endosperm (PO:0009089) tissue in which at least the first karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis.
endosperma con n&#250cleos libres (Spanish, exact)
A portion of endosperm (PO:0009089) in which the first karyokinesis event is accompanied by cytokinesis.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the region of the endosperm closest to the micropyle of the seed.
endosperma micr&#243pilar (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the part of the endosperm (PO:0009089) nearest the chalazal region of the plant ovule (PO:0020003) and forming a cyst-like structure.
Not in current literature. More like an attribute.
A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a nectary (PO:0009035) .
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
cortex del eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) del tallo (Spanish, exact)
portion of shoot axis cortex tissue (exact)
An area of densely packed cells in the shoot apex that divide infrequently.
Functions as a population of stem cells that replenishes the meristem.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division.
The region of the shoot apical meristem that lies below the central zone and is flanked by the peripheral zone.
A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395).
In Zea mays and other grasses, the floret meristem is part of a spikelet and develops into a specific type of floret. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the spikelet type that the meristem is part of. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet (PO:0009051), ear spikelet (PO:0006320), ear pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006348), ear sessile spikelet (PO:0006349), tassel spikelet (PO:0006309), tassel pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006312), tassel sessile spikelet (PO:0006311).
A meristem that gives rise to an inflorescence.
meristema de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed in an axil (PO:0025224).
meristema de yema axilar (Spanish, exact)
A megaspore(s) that forms an embryo sac.
If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
In monosporic and bisporic megasporogenesis: the megaspore(s) that would not participate in megagametogenesis.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is the inner most layer of a cortex (PO:0005708) and has a casparian strip in its anticlinal cell walls.
Forms a sheath around the vascular system. It may have secondary walls later, part_of cortex.
A root epidermal cell (PO:0025164) that develops from a trichoblast (PO:0000262) and has as part a root hair (GO:0035618).
c&#233lula del pelo de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
Compare with non-hair root epidermal cell (PO:0000263). This term is for an entire epidermal cell that contains a root hair extension. To describe only the cell extension, see root hair (GO:0035618) or root hair tip (GO:0035619).
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
In dicots and gymnosperms, the cortex consists of mainly parenchyma cells. In monocots sclerenchyma develops in addition to parenchyma.
A root epidermal cell (PO:0025164) that is the smaller cell produced by the asymmetric division of an epidermal intial cell (PO:0000349) and gives rise to a root hair (GO:0035618).
A root epidermal cell (PO:0025164) that develops from an epidermal initial (PO:0000349) and does not have as part a root hair (GO:0035618).
Compare to root hair cell (PO:0000256), which develops from a trichoblast (PO:0000262).
A portion of primary xylem (PO:0000272) tissue that has as part one or more protoxylem tracheary elements (PO:0025575) embedded in parenchyma (PO:0005421) tissue.
Develops while the vascular tissue (PO:0009015) is still elongating. When protoxylem tracheary elements (PO:0025575) are destroyed they may become obliterated by surrounding parenchyma cells (PO:0000074). Protoxylem has smaller elements than the metaxylem (PO:0000372).
OBSOLETE. A cell making up xylem tissue.
This term was made obsolete because it was not appropriate. Replaced by tracheary element (PO:0000290) and xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274).
A fiber cell (PO:0025407) that is part of a portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue.
It may be difficult to distinguish xylem fiber cells, especially fiber tracheids (PO:0000355), from tracheary elements (PO:0000290). Fiber tracheids have bordered pits with smaller pit cavities than the vessel members (PO:0002003) or tracheids (PO:0000301) of the same wood and a distinct pit cavity leading to the cell lumen through the cell wall.
A unicellular or multicellular plant structure (PO:0009011) that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis (PO:0005679).
This class is the union of unicellular trichome (PO:0025537) and multicellular trichome (PO:0025162). A trichome can vary in length and shape and may be branched or unbranched. It may be glandular or non-secretory.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that markedly differs in form, size, or contents from other cells in the same tissue.
Often contains deposit of minerals or products of secondary metabolism. May have a specialized function.
A shoot epidermal cell (PO:0025165) associated with a stomatal pore (PO:0008032) and at least morphologically distinguishable from the other epidermal cells.
c&#233lula subsididaria (Spanish, exact)
助細胞,副細胞（気孔）(auxiliary cell, synergid) (Japanese, exact)
A sieve element (PO:0025406) that is part of a sieve tube (PO:0025416) and has as parts sieve areas aggregated into sieve plates (GO:0097218).
miembro del tubo criboso (Spanish, exact)
Sieve tube elements have sieve areas that are specialized into those with wide pores in sieve plates and those with narrow pores in lateral sieve areas. Sieve tube elements may have inclined end walls with compound or simple sieve plates. Typical of angiosperms. Differ from sieve cells (PO:0025415), which have less pronounced specialization of sieve areas and no sieve plates.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that has a lignified cell wall with secondary thickening and bordered pits.
Tracheary elements are dead at maturity, are more or less elongated, and have pits of various types in the cell wall. Tracheary elements function in the conduction of water and dissolved substances such as mineral nutrients from the roots to the shoot system. Tracheary elements can be distinguished from fiber cells (PO:0025407) by the presence of bordered pits, although there are intermediate forms called fiber tracheids (PO:0000355).
A shoot epidermal cell (PO:0025165) that is one of a pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore (PO:0008032).
They cause the opening and closing of the pore by changes in turgor.
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of the vascular cambium (PO:0005598) or cork cambium (PO:0005599), and by periclinal divisions, produces cells to the outside or inside of the cambial axis.
c&#233lula inicial del cambium (Spanish, exact)
A tracheary element (PO:0000290) that has no perforations in its cell wall.
May have any of the kinds of secondary wall thickenings found in tracheary elements. The area of contact between two tracheids has only bordered pits, whereas in vessel members (PO:0002003), it has openings in the cell wall called perforations, organized into perforation plates (term has been requested in GO).
A portion of parenchyma tissue (PO:0005421) that is part of a nectary (PO:0009035).
par&#233nquima nectarifero (Spanish, exact)
A shoot epidermal cell (PO:0025165) that is relatively unspecialized at maturity.
c&#233lula del pavimento epidermal (Spanish, exact)
May have sinuous anticlinal cell walls that overall give a jigsaw like appearance to the epidermis. Pavement cells are epidermal cells that are not directly associated with a stomatal complex or trichome at maturity, but they share similar developmental origins.
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of an plant epidermis (PO:0005679) and gives rise to specialized cells.
c&#233lula inicial de la epidermis (Spanish, exact)
A shoot epidermal cell (PO:0025165) that divides to produce the guard cells (PO:0000293).
c&#233lula madre de la c&#233lula guardiana (Spanish, exact)
A cell containing glucosinolates ("mustard oil glucosides") and myrosinases, enzymes hydrolyzing the glucosinolates.
A ground tissue cell that is part of an exodermis or an endodermis and remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls.
A xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274) with bordered pits with pit cavities.
Fiber tracheids generally have pointed ends and bordered pits that have lenticular to slit-like apertures. If both libriform fiber cells (PO:0004520) and fiber tracheids are present, the libriform fiber cells usually have thicker walls. Fiber tracheids have bordered pits with smaller pit cavities than the vessel members (PO:0002003) or tracheids (PO:0000301) of the same wood and a distinct pit cavity leading to the cell lumen through the cell wall.
A portion of primary xylem (PO:0005849) tissue that has as part one or more metaxylem tracheary elements (PO:0025576) embedded in parenchyma (PO:0005421) tissue and may contain xylem fiber cells (PO:0000274).
Metaxylem has larger tracheary elements (PO:0000290) than the protoxylem (PO:0000272), and develops after the formation of the protoxylem, once elongation of the plant axis (PO:0025004) has completed.
OBSOLETE. Cell containing mucilages or gums or similar carbohydrate material characterized by the property of swelling in water.
c&#233lula mucilaginosa (Spanish, exact)
A cambial initial cell (PO:0000295) which is destined to differentiate into secondary phloem.
c&#233lula madre del floema (Spanish, exact)
Phloem islands can be formed in the middle of the xylem.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) which is a whole plant (PO:0000003) in the plant zygote stage (PO:0001097).
A plant zygote is a whole plant that is a single cell formed by fertilization (syngamy).
A sporocyte (PO:0006204) that produces four haploid (1n) megaspores (PO:0020019).
OBSOLETE. the root meristem gets organized
This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
A multi-tissue plant structure development stage (PO:0025571) that has as primary participant a single fruit (PO:0009001).
stage 17 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
stage 18 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
stage 19 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
stage 20 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
Defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features of a fruit. Includes as subclasses fruit formation stage (PO:0025501) and fruit ripening stage (PO:0025502). May have as part a seed development stage (PO:0001170). This stage applies to an individual fruit. For development stages of a whole plant (PO:0000003) based on fruit development, use whole plant fruit development stage (PO:0025500) or its subclasses.
A vascular leaf initiation stage (PO:0007040) during which the vascular leaf founder cells (PO:0025592) of the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) form a vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431).
vascular leaf founder cell formation stage (exact)
The initial stage of leaf development when cells in the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) are already determined to form a vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017), but the primordium is not yet morphologically distinguishable.
Stages of development of the anther defined by characteristic morphological, cytological, histological or other visible features.
An initial stage during which archesporial cells arise in four corners of L2 layer. Change in shape of primordia to more oval.
Stage during which the microsporocytes become conspicuous.
A microgametophyte development stage (PO:0025602) during which the pollen (PO:0025281) develops.
pollen development in Arabidopsis (related)
Stage during which diploid pollen mother cells become separated from each other and from tapetum by a callose wall.
C callose wall formation in pollen mother cells stage
Stage during which pollen mother cells undergo meiosis to form tetrads of microspores.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the callose wall between the tetrads breaks down and haploid microspores are released and lie freely in locules.
An initial stage during which the archesporial cells divide to give rise to primary parietal and sporogenous cells.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the microspores round up and small vacuoles appear in their cytoplasm. The microspore walls thicken due to the formation of the exine.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which a large vacuole is formed in each microspore causing a rapid increase in size and a displacement of the nucleus to one side.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the asymmetric, first mitotic division of the microspores occurs producing a large vegetative cell and small generative cell, located near pollen wall.
A pollen development stage (PO:0001007) during which the generative cell (PO:0020097) undergoes mitotic division to form two male gametes, the pollen sperm cells (PO:0025121).
tricellular pollen development stage (exact)
In taxa with mature two-celled pollen (PO:0025281), the second mitotic division takes place after pollen germination (GO:0009846), in the germinating pollen tube cell (PO:0025195). Note: This term overlaps with the GO BP term: generative cell mitosis (GO:0055047): The process in which the generative cell divides by mitosis to form two haploid cells. These will subsequently differentiate into sperm cells.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the pollen reaches mature stage and desiccates.
pollen stage 10 in Arabidopsis (related)
Mature pollen stages is reached at three-celled pollen in some angiosperms (maize, rice and Arabidopsis), while in others, the maturepollen has two haploid cells (tobacco, snapdragon).
The final stage in the life cycle of the male gametophyte. Upon rehydration, mature pollen grain forms a tubular outgrowth, the pollen tube, which carries the male gametes.
germinated pollen grain in Arabidopsis (related)
Stage during which the primary parietal and primary sporogenous layers are derived from archesporial cells.
B formation of primary parietal and sporogenous cells stage
A vascular leaf initiation stage (PO:0001051) during which a vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) forms in the peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of the vegetative shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
The vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) develops from the vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431).
vascular leaf primordium formation stage
Stage of leaf development when a hood-shaped primordium is formed, partially enclosing P1 and SAM, as in Poaceae.
A vascular leaf expansion stage (PO:0001052) when conical P3 leaf completely encloses SAM, and the ligule (PO:0020105) primordium is visible.
A vascular leaf expansion stage (PO:0001052) during which a rapid elongation of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039) occurs.
rapid elongation of vascular leaf lamina stage
A vascular leaf expansion stage (PO:0001052) during which a rapid elongation of the leaf sheath (PO:0020104) occurs.
Stage during which the four-lobed anther pattern with two developing stomium regions (notch) are formed.
Stage during which the four clearly defined locules are established. All anther cell types present and microspore mother cells appear.
OBSOLETE. The meristematic zone is formed
OBSOLETE. The cells of root primordium undergo elonagtion
Stage immediately following meiosis, during which the tetrads of microspores are still hold together, enclosed by the callose wall.
OBSOLETE. The cells develop their characteristic morphology.
The stage at which a root is elongating.
Benfey's stage 2 of root development (related)
In some plant species this stage is subdivided into distal and proximal elongating zones.
An anther development stage (PO:0001004) during which degeneration of the anther wall tapetum (PO:0009071) is initiated, as the deposition on the surface of the microspore (PO:0020048) primexine proceeds.
Microspores within single locule are at unicellular stage.
E anther wall tapetum degeneration initiated stage
Stage during which anther becomes bilocular, after degeneration and breakage of septum below stomium.
Stage during which the dehiscence of anthers occurs. Anther breaks along stomium and pollen is released.
Stage during which the senescence of anther and stamen occurs. Shrinkage of cells and anther structure takes place.
A seed development stage (PO:0001170) during which the mature seed reaches a low moisture content.
The initial stage of endosperm development during which the chalazal and micropilar domains are established.
chalazal and micropylar domain establishment stage
Stage of endosperm development during which the functional specialization of the maturing endosperm occurs.
functional specialization of the endosperm stage
Stage of calyx development defined by differentiation and expansion of sepal.
sepal differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of calyx development when sepal is fully expanded.
A phyllome development stage (PO:0025579) that has as a primary participant a lemma (PO:0009037).
A phyllome development stage (PO:0025579) that has as a primary participant a palea (PO:0009038).
A phyllome development stage (PO:0025579) that has as a primary participant a lodicule (PO:0009036).
A phyllome development stage (PO:0025579) during which the development of vascular leaves (PO:0009025) and non-vascular leaves (PO:0025075) occurs.
leaf development in Arabidopsis (related)
A vascular leaf development stage (PO:0025570) which begins with the onset of the vascular leaf anlagen formation stage (PO:0001003) and ends with the termination of the vascular leaf primordium polarity determination stage (PO:0001052).
leaf initiation in Arabidopsis (related)
Localized cell divisions in the peripheral zone (PO:0000225) transition from anticlinal to periclinal divisions.
A vascular leaf development stage (PO:0025570) during which vascular leaf size increases primarily through cell expansion.
leaf expansion stage in Arabidopsis (related)
During this stage leaf shaping (GO:0010358) occurs which is defined as the developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.
A vascular leaf development stage (PO:0025570) that begins when the vascular leaf (PO:0009025) is fully expanded and ends with the onset of the vascular leaf senescence stage (PO:0001054).
fully expanded leaf stage in Arabidopsis (related)
A vascular leaf development stage (PO:0025570) that begins with the formation of a abscission zone at the base of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025) and ends with leaf separation and death.
leaf senescence stage in Arabidopsis (related)
Stage of lemma development that begins when the lemma primordia arise.
The lemma primordium forms in 1/2 alternate phylotaxy in rice spikelet.
Stage of lemma development defined by differentiation and expansion of lemma.
lemma differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of lemma development when lemma is fully expanded.
Stage of palea development that begins when the palea primordia arise.
The palea primordium forms in 1/2 alternate phylotaxy in rice spikelet.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the small generative cell moves inward, becoming completely surrounded by the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell.
Stage of palea development defined by differentiation and expansion of palea.
palea differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of palea development when palea is fully expanded.
Stage of lodicule development that begins when the lodicule primordia arise.
Two lodicules form on the side of the lemma in rice spikelet.
Stage of microgametophyte development during which the generative cell undergoes a mitotic division to form two male gametes, the sperm cells.
N second mitotic division stage in germinating pollen
Stage of lodicule development defined by differentiation and expansion of lodicule.
lodicule differentiation and expansion stage
A plant embryo development stage (PO:0007631) that occurs during the interval between the beginning of rapid elongation of the plant embryo axis (PO:0019018) and plant embryo cotyledons (PO:0025470), and the onset of a plant embryo true leaf formation stage (PO:0001095), when present, or a mature plant embryo stage (PO:0001081).
curled cotyledon stage in Arabidopsis (related)
During this stage, the plant embryo (PO:0009009) continues to undergo a process of developmental growth (as a result of both cell division (GO:0051301) and cell expansion (GO:0016049), which ends with the onset of a mature plant embryo stage (PO:0001081). For species that develop true leaves in the plant embryo, (vascular leaves (PO:0009025) that develop after the cotyledons (PO:0020030) or coleoptile (PO:0020033)), growth may continue in the plant embryo true leaf formation stage (PO:0001095). For other species, the plant embryo transitions directly from a plant embryo cotyledonary stage (PO:0001078) to a mature plant embryo stage (PO:0001081).
Stage of lodicule development when lodicule is fully expanded.
A plant embryo development stage (PO:0007631) during the interval between when a plant embryo (PO:0009009) has stopped developmental growth involved in morphogenesis (GO:0060560) and one of the following: the beginning of the seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010).
In some seed plants, this occurs some time after the fruit ripening stage (PO:0025502) and after the dispersal of the seed (PO:0009010). This stage may be very short in plants that do not enter a plant embryo dormant stage (PO:0025377).
A reproductive shoot system development stage (PO:0025530) that has as primary participant a inflorescence (PO:0009049).
A plant embryo development stage (PO:0007631) that occurs during the interval between the beginning of elongation of the plant embryo axis (PO:0019018), with the formation of a plant embryo coleoptile (PO:0025286), a plant embryo shoot apical meristem (PO:0006362) and root apical meristem (PO:0020147), and ends with the onset of a plant embryo true leaf formation stage (PO:0001095), when present, or a mature plant embryo stage (PO:0001081).
SAM and radicle formation stage (related)
This stage occurs in grasses and other monocots.
A plant embryo development stage (PO:0007631) that occurs during the interval between the beginning of the formation of the first vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) in the plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and the onset of a mature plant embryo stage (PO:0001081).
A true leaf is vascular leaf (PO:0009025) that forms after the formation of the cotyledons (PO:0020030) or a coleoptile (PO:0020033). Not all species form true leaves in the plant embryo development stage (PO:0007631). If it occurs, a plant embryo true leaf formation stage is preceded by either a plant embryo cotyledonary stage (PO:0001078) or a plant embryo coleoptilar stage (PO:0001094), depending upon the species.
One cell stage that takes place following the fertilization, produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and one or more polar nuclei.
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0007134) that occurs during the interval between fertilization and the first cell division of the plant zygote (PO:0000423).
Precedes the sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134). Refers to the GO biological process term fertilization (GO:0009566).
OBSOLETE. Stage of endosperm development during wich the formation of starchy endosperm occurs.
Differentiation of aleurone layer, the outermost endosperm tissue, and the internal starchy tissue.
formation of aleurone and starchy layers stage
A multi-tissue plant structure development stage (PO:0025571) that has as primary participant a seed (PO:0009010).
seed development in Arabidopsis (related)
Includes the stages of seed development, from fertilization to the dry or quiescent state. May have as part an embryo development stage.
A plant embryo development stage (PO:0007631) that occurs during the interval between the first cell division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) and the onset of the plant globular embryo stage (PO:0001185).
eight-celled stage in Arabidopsis (related)
two-celled stage in Arabidopsis (related)
In the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), or other embryos that arise through apogamy, the plant proembryo stage (PO:0001180) begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The plant proembryo stage occurs prior to the differentiation of the three main tissue systems (vascular system (PO:0000034) epidermis (PO:0005679); and the portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059)).
A plant embryo development stage (PO:0007631) that occurs during the interval between when a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001) increases in diameter through cell division, but retains radial symmetry (with the concomitant formation of a protoderm (PO:0006210)), and the onset of a plant embryo bilateral stage (PO:0004507).
dermatogen stage in Arabidopsis (related)
late globular stage in Arabidopsis (related)
mid-globular stage in Arabidopsis (related)
During the plant embryo globular stage, differentiation of the three main tissue systems (vascular system (PO:0000034); epidermis (PO:0005679); and the portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059)) occurs.
Stage of calyx development that begins when the developing sepals enclose the floral meristem.
stage 4 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
Stage of calyx development that begins when the sepals enclose the floral bud.
stage 6 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that has as parts two guard cells (PO:0000293) and a stomatal pore (PO:0008032). May also contain subsidiary cells (PO:0000284).
complejo estom&#225tico (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. A soft protuberance on an epidermal cell of the stigma.
This terms was made obsolete because it is a sub-cellular compartment. Plant cell papilla (GO:0090395), leaf papilla (GO:0090396), and stigma papilla (GO:0090397) have been added to GO. To annotate to a cell that has a papilla, consider papilla cell (PO:0025166), leaf papilla cell (PO:0025167), or stigma papilla cell (PO:0025168).
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is the lower-most cell formed after the first division of the plant zygote (PO:0000423) and is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
The zygote divides to form an embryo apical cell and an embryo basal cell.
A tracheary element (PO:0000290) that is part of a xylem vessel (PO:0025417) and has as parts perforation plates.
Commonly thick walled, with pointed ends and bordered pits that have lenticular to slit-like apertures. If both libriform fibers (PO:0004520) and fiber tracheids are present, the libriform fibers usually have thicker walls. Fiber tracheids have bordered pits with smaller pit cavities than the vessel members (PO:0002003) or tracheids (PO:0000301) of the same wood and a distinct pit cavity leading from the pit cavity to the cell lumen through the thick cell wall.
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) which is composed of the shriveled remains of the silk (PO:0006488), and the base of the style (PO:0009074), and is located on the distal end of a developing or mature kernel (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104).
A region of the root between the meristem and the region of rapid elongation in which isodiametric growth (cell expansion) occurs.
OBSOLETE. A zone of small, densely cytoplasmic cells that are dividing and expanding in size located behind the zone of cell division in the primary root.
zona de elongaci&#243n obsoleta de la ra&#237z primary (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete because the definition was not correct. A new term with the same name and correct definitions was created to replace it.
OBSOLETE. The root of particular parasitic plants that becomes cemented to the host axis and intrudes into the tissues of the host.
Term is specific for parasitic plants only.
A shoot-borne root (PO:0000042) that forms at a shoot axis node (PO:0005004).
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a root (PO:0009005).
sistema vascular de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
This term was brought back from OBSOLETE node (original reason for OBSOLETE: synonym of term stele). Since stele encompasses both vascular system and the pith, in roots with pith, vascular system and stele are not synonymous.
OBSOLETE. The portion of the lateral root located behind the zone of cell division that includes small, densely cytoplasmic cells that are dividing and expanding in size.
zona de elongaci&#243n obsoleta de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
A root differentiation zone that is part of a primary root.
zona de diferenciaci&#243n de la ra&#237z primary (Spanish, exact)
A root differentiation zone that is part of a lateral root.
zona de diferenciaci&#243n de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
A root cap that is part of a primary root tip.
caliptra de la ra&#237z primary (Spanish, exact)
A root cap that is part of a lateral root tip.
caliptra de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
A central root cap that is part of a root cap of lateral root.
caliptra de la ra&#237z central de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
A lateral root cap that is part of a root cap of lateral root.
caliptra de la ra&#237z lateral de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
A central root cap that is part of a root cap of primary root.
caliptra de la ra&#237z central de la ra&#237z primaria (Spanish, exact)
A lateral root cap (PO:0020131) that is part of a root cap (PO:0020123) of a primary root (PO:0020127).
caliptra de la ra&#237z lateral de la ra&#237z primaria (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is an outgrowth of a root (PO:0009005) and is inhabited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
n&#243dulo de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
Root nodules are a symbiosis between a plant (often, but not exclusively, of the Fabaceae) and bacteria of the genus Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, or Azorhizobium.
A branch (PO:0025073) that is prostrate or trailing, and produces adventitious nodal roots (PO:0003005) and sometimes erect shoots.
The stolon develops from an axillary bud (PO:0004709) and produces adventitious roots (PO:0003005) at the nodes and a terminal aerial stem. That stem then sends out one or more stolons from its axillary buds and the process is reiterated. Stolons may be above ground, as with strawberries, or below ground as in potatoes.
OBSOLETE. An embryonic plant cell that is the uppermost cell formed after the first division of the zygote.
This term was originally named apical cell. It was made obsolete to avoid confusion with the new term apical cell (PO:0030007). This term is replaced by embryonic apical cell (PO:0025284).
An enlarged more or less thin-walled leaf pavement cell, present, with other similar cells, in longitudinal rows in leaves of monocots.
Also called motor cell because of its presumed participation in the mechanism of rolling and unrolling of leaves. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
OBSOLETE. An axial parenchyma or a ray cell physiologically associated with a tracheary element. Also a cell next to a stoma.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) centrifugally derived from cork cambium (PO:0005599), non-living at maturity, and having suberized walls.
Protective in function because the walls are highly impervious to water.
OBSOLETE. A compact layer of cells, often secretory in function, covering a free surface or lining a cavity.
c&#233lula del epitelio (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. A specialized cells or ducts resembling vessels; they form branched networks of latex-secreting cells in the phloem and other parts of plants.
c&#233lula latic&#237fera (Spanish, exact)
Obsoleted: Too general definition of the term. Replaced by laticifer cell (PO:0025031).
A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a mesophyll.
c&#233lula del mes&#243filo (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. A cell within the phellem (cork) but distinct from the cork cell in having no suberin in its walls.
Not used in current plant literature. Confusing definition.
OBSOLETE. A chloroplast-containing cell engaged in photosynthesis.
c&#233lula fotosintetizadora (Spanish, exact)
Functional characterization is not part of the criteria.
Cells with deposits of silica in them. One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with epidermal cork cell.
c&#233lula sil&#237cica (Spanish, exact)
One of two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall.
c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
A meristematic cell (PO:0004010) that by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains meristematic, while the other is added to the plant body.
Initial cells are often part of a portion of tissue that is composed mostly of somewhat older, differentiating cells. The division of an initial cell is often uneven, with the smaller daughter cell remaining meristematic.
OBSOLETE. Cell that produces secreted substances.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
c&#233lula epid&#233rmica (Spanish, exact)
A vascular leaf expansion stage (PO:0001052) at which a leaflet primordium (PO:0025481) is initiated on the leaf rachis (PO:0020055) of a compound leaf (PO:0020043).
formation of vascular leaflet primordia stage
Stage of gynoecium development defined by differentiation and expansion of carpels.
gynoecium differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of gynoecium development defined by the closure of the carpel(s).
Closure of the carpel can occur in various ways, by fusion or secretion.
Epidermal cells at the top of developing style differentiate stigma.
Stage of ovule development defined by differentiation and expansion of ovules.
ovule differentiation and expansion stage
The earliest stage of seed development immediately following double fertilization.
Stage of seed development characterized by seed growth and differentiation.
A plant embryo development stage (PO:0007631) that occurs during the interval between the transition from radial to bilateral symmetry in a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001) and the onset of either the plant embryo cotyledonary stage (PO:0001078) or the plant embryo coleoptilar stage (PO:0001094).
A plant embryo bilateral stage is commonly known as the heart stage in dicotyledonous plants and the transition stage in monocots. Preceded by a plant embryo globular stage (PO:0001185).
A trichome (PO:0000282) that secretes or sequesters a portion of plant substance (PO:0025161).
A trichome that develops from seed coat epidermis.
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) that lacks living secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525).
Heartwood has ceased to function in storage and conduction, and the reserve materials have been removed or converted into heartwood substances. It is generally darker colored than sapwood (PO:0004513) and is found in the center of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005), interior to the sapwood. Heartwood forms at the end of a cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025466).
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) that has as parts living secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525).
Sapwood contains reserve materials and may function in the conduction of water and minerals (xylem sap (PO:0025539)). It is generally lighter colored than the heartwood (PO:0004512) and is located between the heartwood and the vascular cambium (PO:0005598) of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005). Sapwood forms during a secondary xylem development stage (PO:0025427).
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) that has as parts a single layer of early wood (PO:0004515) and a single layer of late wood (PO:0004516) from the same growth season and is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005).
Appears as a ring in a transverse section of plant axis (PO:0025004). May be an annual ring (one growth ring per year) or a false annual ring (more or less than one growth ring per year).
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) that is a part of a growth ring (PO:0004514) formed during the early part of a growing season, has lower density than late wood (PO:0004516) of the same growth ring, and has as parts early wood tracheary elements (PO:0025461) with generally larger lumens than the late wood tracheary elements (PO:0025462) of the same growth ring.
The transition from early wood to late wood may be gradual and is not always easy to distinguish.
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) that is a part of a growth ring (PO:0004514) formed during the later part of a growing season, has higher density than early wood (PO:0004515) of the same growth ring, and has as parts late wood tracheary elements (PO:0025462) with generally smaller lumens than the early wood tracheary elements (PO:0025461) of the same growth ring.
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) that includes the last-formed late wood (PO:0004516) of one growth ring (PO:0004514) and the earliest-formed early wood (PO:0004515) of the next growth ring.
l&#237mite del anillo de crecimiento (Spanish, exact)
Used to describe the boundary area between two adjacent growth rings, which may be distinct or indistinct.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) outside the vascular cambium (PO:0005598) or the xylem (PO:0005352); in older trees may be divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark, which consists of secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
A fiber cell (PO:0025407) that is part of a portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue.
A xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274) with simple pits.
Libriform fiber cells have simple (unbordered) pits while fiber tracheids (PO:0000355) have bordered pits. Many intermediate forms exist and are generally classified as fiber tracheids (PO:0000355). If both libriform fiber cells and fiber tracheids are present, the libriform fiber cells usually have thicker walls. Libriform fiber cells have a slit-like aperture toward the cell lumen, but no pit cavity.
A plant fiber cell (PO:0025407) with thin transverse walls (septa), which are formed when mitosis occurs within the cell after development of a secondary cell wall (GO:0009531).
A septate fiber septum is composed of the adjacent primary cell walls of two internal cells that arise from mitosis within the septate fiber cell after it has formed a secondary cell wall (GO:0009531).
Cambium at the outer margin of the xylem cylinder.
cambium vascular externo (Spanish, exact)
cambium vascular interno (Spanish, exact)
A portion of secondary phloem tissue produced by included vascular cambium.
A parenchyma cell (PO:0000074) that is part of a portion of secondary xylem parenchyma (PO:0004532).
c&#233lula parenquim&#225tica de la madera (Spanish, exact)
A secondary xylem parenchyma cell (PO:0004525) that is part of a portion of axial secondary xylem parenchyma (PO:0004533).
c&#233lula parenquim&#225tica axial de la madera (Spanish, exact)
A parenchyma cell (PO:0000074) that develops from a ray initial (PO:0000082) and is part of a portion of ray secondary xylem parenchyma (PO:0004534).
c&#233lula parenquim&#225tica de rayo de la madera (Spanish, exact)
A ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell (PO:0004527) that is oriented with its longest dimension parallel to the plant axis (PO:0025004) in which it is found.
rayo par&#233nquim&#225tico vertical de la madera (Spanish, exact)
upright ray wood parenchyma cell (exact)
upright ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell
A ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell (PO:0004527) that is oriented with its longest dimension radial to the plant axis (PO:0025004) in which it is found.
c&#233lula procumbente del rayo de la madera (Spanish, exact)
procumbent ray wood parenchyma cell (exact)
procumbent ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell
Empty upright ray cell of approximately the same height as the procumbent ray cell and occurring in indeterminate horizontal series usually interspersed among the procumbent cells.
c&#233lula de baldoza B (Spanish, exact)
Cell on the margin of, and tending to form a sheath around, the procumbent cells of a multi-seriate ray as seen in tangential section.
A portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) tissue that is part of a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and has as parts secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525).
par&#233nquima de la madera (Spanish, exact)
A portion of secondary xylem parenchyma (PO:0004532) that is part of an axial system (PO:0025410) and has as parts axial secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004526).
par&#233nquima axial de la madera (Spanish, exact)
A portion of secondary xylem parenchyma (PO:0004532) that is part of a ray system (PO:0025411) and has as parts ray secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004527).
par&#233nquima de rayo de la madera (Spanish, exact)
Occurs in bands or rays of variable width and height that extend radially in the secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and secondary phloem (PO:0005043) of a plant axis (PO:0025004).
A portion of placenta tissue (PO:0025078) that is part of a fruit (PO:0009001) and to which seeds (PO:0009010) are attached.
If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to the specific type of fruit (PO:0009001), such as achene fruit (PO:0030107), berry fruit (PO:0030108), capsule fruit (PO:0030091), caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104), drupe fruit (PO:0030103), follicle fruit (PO:0030105), legume fruit (PO:0030100), nut fruit (PO:0030102), samara fruit (PO:0030099), schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098), silique fruit (PO:0030106), or their subclasses, depending on the species.
A fruit pedicel (PO:0030114) that bears a fruit (PO:0009001) in an infructescence (PO:0006342).
An infructescence fruit pedicel is the ultimate shoot axis (PO:0025029) in an infructescence (PO:0006342).
A somatic plant embryo derived directly from nucellus cells.
A root nodule characterized by a persistent meristem, presence of vascular transfer cells, and cell division in the inner cortex with non-dividing infected cells and bacteria.
n&#243dulo indeterminable (Spanish, exact)
Nodule is persistent and may continue to grow after a physiological stress.
A root nodule characterized by a dividing infected cells and bacteria, vascular transfer cells absent and cell division is in the outer cortex.
A columella (PO:0025230) that forms the central axis of a fruit.
A swollen shoot axis (PO:0025029) that grows horizontally at or below the substrate surface and produces shoots above and roots or rhizoids below.
In ferns and many monocots, a rhizome is a primary axis (stem), while in other species, it is a branch. Usually produces scale-like leaves.
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that develops from a branch (PO:0025073) and is radially enlarged for storage.
Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. This term should be used for tubers derived from branches, as found in Solanum spp. (e.g. potato) or Dioscorea spp. (e.g. yam) and other species. Use the term tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476) for tubers derived from roots, such as those found in Cassava, Ipomoea, or Hemerocallis.
A shoot system that is initiated from a root.
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) que nace en la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A shoot system that is initiated from a shoot.
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) que nace en el epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004546) developing from a stem (PO:0009047).
A shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) that develops below ground.
tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) that develops above ground.
tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) directly internal to an anther wall endothecium (PO:0020002) that develops from an anther wall secondary parietal cell layer (PO:0006007).
May be a single or double layer. Usually crushed by the endothecium and therefore almost invariably degenerates early during anther development. In some angiosperms, including Arabidopsis, it develops from an anther wall outer secondary parietal cell layer. In other angiosperms, it develops directly from an anther wall primary parietal cell layer, while in still others, two layers of the middle layer may develop from both an anther wall outer secondary parietal cell layer and an anther wall inner secondary parietal cell layer.
Shoot system in which the internodes elongate little or at all, bearing reproductive structures and/or leaves.
epiblasto (epiblastema) corto (Spanish, exact)
Shoot system in which all or most of the internodes elongate.
epiblasto (epiblastema) largo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a carpel anlagen (PO:0006005) and is committed to the development of a carpel (PO:0009030).
portion of carpel primordium tissue (exact)
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a sepal anlagen (PO:0025485) and is committed to the development of a sepal (PO:0009031).
portion of sepal primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a stamen anlagen (PO:0025486) and is committed to the development of a stamen (PO:0009029).
portion of stamen primordium tissue (exact)
OBSOLETE. A primordium that will develop into a flower.
This term was made obsolete because it is ambiguous. Use flower meristem (PO:0000229) or floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) instead. If annotating to a primordium of a floral structure, it is better to use the more specific term, such as petal primordium (PO:0000021) or anther primordium (PO:0006089).
A dehiscence zone (PO:0025092) that is part of a fruit.
zona de dehiscencia del fruto (Spanish, exact)
Upon fruit maturation by drying, undergoes cell separation, allowing the valves to detach from the replum and seeds to be dispersed. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to the specific type of fruit (PO:0009001), such as achene fruit (PO:0030107), berry fruit (PO:0030108), capsule fruit (PO:0030091), caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104), drupe fruit (PO:0030103), follicle fruit (PO:0030105), legume fruit (PO:0030100), nut fruit (PO:0030102), samara fruit (PO:0030099), schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098), silique fruit (PO:0030106), or their subclasses, depending on the species.
A stem node (PO:0020141) that is part of a plant embryo axis (PO:0019018) where the scutellum (PO:0020110) is attached.
Found in grasses where no hypocotyl is present. The scutellar node may represent a reduction of the hypocotyl and cotyledonary node.
A bud (PO:0000055) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
An axillary bud that develops into a flower.
An axillary reproductive bud that develops into an inflorescence.
yema de inflorescencia axilar (Spanish, exact)
An axillary bud (PO:0004712) that develops into a shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as organ parts only vegetative organs.
A bud that develops from a shoot apical meristem.
A terminal bud that develops into a flower.
A terminal reproductive bud develops into an inflorescence.
yema de inflorescencia terminal (Spanish, exact)
A terminal bud (PO:0004713) that develops into a shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as organ parts only vegetative organs.
yema vegetativa terminal (Spanish, exact)
A more or less rectangular leaf pavement cell in which the proximodistal dimension is several times longer than the transverse dimension.
In the leaf epidermis of Poaceae and Joinvilleaceae, long cells and short cells often alternate in longitudinal rows. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A canal (PO:0025132) that is a longitudinal groove in the testa through a prominent hilum (PO:0020063) of a seed (PO:0009010).
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081), also called a paraclade.
cortex (corteza) del paraclado (Spanish, exact)
portion of paraclade cortex tissue (exact)
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a pedicel (PO:0030112).
cortex (corteza) del pedicelo (Spanish, exact)
portion of pedicel cortex tissue (exact)
A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a sepal (PO:0009031).
sistema vascular del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the part of a plant axis (PO:0025004) where a radicle (PO:0020031) joins a hypocotyl (PO:0020100).
union del hipoc&#243tile con la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A portion of vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) that is distal to the axis of the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and develops into the abaxial side of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
lado abaxial del primordio de hoja (Spanish, exact)
While the abaxial side of the leaf is usually the lower surface, the vascular leaves (PO:0009025) of some plants may not have an obvious adaxial or abaxial side such as the leaves of many xerophytic (arid-adapted) species. The adaxial and abaxial side may appear considerably more rounded and this could be due to early activity of the vascular leaf adaxial meristem (PO:0025401) and/or leaf abaxial meristem (PO:0025401). In other cases, such as Alstromeria, the leaves may be twisted or resupinate.
A portion of vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) that is proximal to the axis of the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and develops into the adaxial side of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
lado adaxial del primordio de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
While the adaxial side of the leaf is usually the upper surface, the vascular leaves (PO:0009025) of some plants may not have an obvious adaxial or abaxial side such as the leaves of many xerophytic (arid-adapted) species. The adaxial and abaxial side may appear considerably more rounded and this could be due to early activity of the vascular leaf adaxial meristem (PO:0025401) and/or leaf abaxial meristem (PO:0025401). In other cases, such as Alstromeria, the leaves may be twisted or resupinate.
An axillary shoot system (PO:0006343) that is part of a stem base (PO:0008039).
epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar basal (Spanish, exact)
An axillary branch that forms from a leaf above the very base of the shoot.
epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar caulinar (Spanish, exact)
The genetic distinction between cauline axillary branches and tillers may or may not be unique to the Poaceae. There are no data for other plant families.
A trichome that is part of a shoot axis epidermis.
eje de tricoma del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) where a bud (PO:0000055) may form and develop into a branch (PO:0025073), leaf (PO:0025034), flower (PO:0004541), inflorescence (PO:0009049) or nodal root (PO:0003005).
nodo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is between two shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004).
internodo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of secretory tissue (PO:0005656) that has as parts articulated laticifer cells (PO:0006221).
latic&#237fero articulado (Spanish, exact)
portion of articulated laticifer tissue (exact)
The articulated laticifer cells are joined longitudinally to form a tube, with cross-walls that may be partially to fully perforated.
OBSOLETE. A structure consisting of long multinucleate tubes in which latex is found, having no cross walls.
latic&#237fero no articulado (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete because a nom-articulated laticifer is not a tissue type but consists of a single cell. Use non-articulated laticifer cell (PO:0006222) instead.
OBSOLETE. A thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit that is derived from the carpel septum.
This term was made obsolete because it was ambiguous. It has been replaced by the more precise terms fruit septum (PO:0025268) and fruit replum (PO:0025267). Annotations for Arabidopsis should go to fruit replum.
OBSOLETE. A thin partition or membrane that divides multilocular ovary. Often found in species with syncarpous (multiple carpels fused) pistil.
Carpel septum was made obsolete because it was ambiguous. It has been replaced by the more precise terms ovary septum (PO:0025262) and ovary replum (PO:0025272). Annotations for Arabidopsis should go to ovary replum (PO:0025272).
A septum (PO:0000030) that is part of an anther dehiscence zone (PO:0005011).
A dehiscence zone (PO:0025092) that is part of an anther (PO:0009066).
zona de dehiscencia de la antera (Spanish, exact)
Extends along the entire length of the anther and is observed as an indentation between the locules of each theca. Upon anther maturation, cell separation within the dehiscence zone allows the anther wall to break open and pollen to be released.
A shoot axis vascular system (PO:0000039) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a pedicel (PO:0030112).
sistema vascular del pedicelo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of stem epidermis (PO:0025178) which is the outermost primary cell layer of the hypocotyl (PO:0020100).
epidermis del hipoc&#243tile (Spanish, exact)
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
cortex (corteza) del emrbion (Spanish, exact)
A portion of endodermis (PO:0000252) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009).
endodermis del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. A false septum formed by the ingrowth from the placenta of an ovary rather than from the carpel walls. This is formed post fertilization.
This term was made obsolete to avoid confusion with the new terms fruit replum and ovary replum. Consider ovary replum (PO:0025272) or fruit replum (PO:0025267).
A shoot system vascular system (PO:0025205) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a flower (PO:0009046).
sistema vascular de la flor (Spanish, exact)
Because a vascular system is defined as the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in a plant structure, the vascular systems of floral parts are part of the flower vascular system.
A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a stamen (PO:0009029).
sistema vascular del estambre (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a carpel (PO:0009030).
sistema vascular del carpelo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that is a unit strand of the vascular system (PO:0000034) and has as part xylem (PO:0005352) or phloem (PO:0005417).
May also contain portions of ground tissue (PO:0025059). The bundle sheath (PO:0006023) can also be part of a vascular bundle, if it is present.
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) which is part of a sepal (PO:0009031).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is composed of plant ovary outer epidermis (PO:0005023), plant ovary inner epidermis (PO:0005024), and a plant ovary wall middle layer (PO:0005025)
A portion of plant ovary epidermis (PO:0006063) which is the outer surface of a plant ovary (PO:0009072).
epidermis externo del ovario (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant ovary epidermis (PO:0006063) which is the inner surface of a plant ovary (PO:0009072).
epidermis interno del ovario (Spanish, exact)
A portion of chlorenchyma tissue (PO:0005426) that is part of the plant ovary wall (PO:0005022) and is composed of mesophyll cells (PO:0004006).
capa media de la pared del ovario (Spanish, exact)
middle layer of plant ovary wall (exact)
In some species, such as Arabidopsis, there may be a distinct subepidermal adaxial cell layer. The cells in the mesophyll layer(s) may not differentiate similar to the spongy and palisade cells found in the leaf mesophyll.
Multinucleate cell developed by a series of events involving kayokinesis but not cytokinesis of the initial feeding cell. The events are induced by root knot nematodes (e.g., Meloidogyne sp. ) entering the feeding cells (any cells) of the root vascular system.
c&#233lula gigante de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
Multinucleate cell developed by a series of events involving fusion with the neighboring dividing cells. The events are induced by cyst nematodes (e.g. Heterodera schachtii) entering the feeding cells (any cells) of the root vascular system.
c&#233lula ??? de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A shoot system vascular system (PO:0025205) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
sistema vascular de inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005).
portion of root primordium tissue (exact)
A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
A glandular trichome (PO:0004509) that synthesizes terpenophenolic resins and prenylflavonoids.
One of the major chalconoids from hops is xanthohumol (CHEBI:66331).
A strobilus (PO:0025083) that bears only pollen (PO:0025281).
A strobilus (PO:0025083) that bears only plant ovules (PO:0020003).
A shoot lateral meristem (PO:0006344) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) and has a parts multiple layers of meristematic cells (PO:0004010) located near the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
meristema de engrosamiento primario (Spanish, exact)
Contributes to primary thickening of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), adventitious (shoot-borne) root (PO:0000042) formation, and formation of linkages between shot axis (PO:0000039), leaf (PO:0000036), and root (PO:0003011) vascular systems. Contiguous with the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) in some species, but not all. Produces more or less distinct vascular bundles (PO:0005020) surrounded by ground tissue (PO:0025059), as opposed to the more or less continuous xylem (PO:0005352) and phloem (PO:0005417) produced by a vascular cambium (PO:0005598). A primary thickening meristem is a multi-layered structure, compared to the single layer of a cambium. Found in many monocotyledons.
A portion of pith (PO:0006109) that is part of a root stele (PO:0020124).
m&#233dula de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A portion of pith (PO:0006109) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
m&#233dula del eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue that develops from a vascular cambium (PO:0005598).
portion of secondary phloem tissue (exact)
Secondary phloem develops as part of secondary growth (GO:0080117).
A peripheral portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) in a plant axis (PO:0025004) that is composed of cork cambium (phellogen; PO:0005599), phellem (PO:0004003), and phelloderm (PO:0005050).
After secondary growth, the periderm may replace the epidermis in stems and roots, rarely in other organs. In some cases, the epidermis is retained after periderm development. Periderm is derived from lateral meristem and may contain secondary phloem.
A portion of periderm tissue (PO:0005046) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
peridermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A portion of periderm tissue (PO:0005046) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
peridermis del eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) often resembling cortical parenchyma produced centripetally by the cork cambium.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is the outermost layer of a portion of cortex (PO:0005708).
A layer or layers of cells beneath the epidermis that is distinct in appearance from adjacent tissues.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells (PO:0009002).
Consists primarily of parenchyma cells but may contain other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate. May be formed as a result of wounding or may develop in culture.
OBSOLETE. A secretory structure that produces latex.
This term was made obsolete because its had only one subclass. Consider non-articulated laticifer (PO:0005007), articulated laticifer cell (PO:0006221) or non-articulated laticifer cell (PO:0006222) instead.
A portion of shoot axis hypodermis (PO:0005057) that is part of a stem cortex (PO:0000223).
hipodermis del eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of endodermis (PO:0000252) that is part of a shoot axis cortex (PO:0000223).
endodermis de eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of endodermis that is part of a root cortex.
endodermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A portion of endodermis that is part of a vascular leaf.
Often found in the leaf of Gymnosperms and elsewhere.
OBSOLETE. Aerenchyma, originating by a combination of two processes, separation and degradation of cell walls.
aer&#233nquima esquizo-lis&#237geno (Spanish, exact)
離破生通気組織(schizogenous?) (Japanese, exact)
The term was made obsolete because schizo-lysigenous form is an attribute of regular aerenchyma.
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that has as part one or more tracheary elements (PO:0000290).
Functions in the translocation of water and solutes from roots (PO:0009005) to the shoot system (PO:0009006) and in support. Tracheary elements have lignified cell walls with secondary thickening and are dead at maturity.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the outermost layer of endosperm (PO:0009089) in a seed (PO:0009010), its cells being characterized by presence of protein bodies (GO:0042735).
Occurs in cereals and many other taxa. The protein bodies (GO:0042735) contain seed storage proteins and enzymes involved with endosperm digestion (Esau, 1977).
A portion of seed storage parenchyma that is part of an endosperm.
par&#233nquima endosp&#233rmico (Spanish, exact)
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that has as parts sieve elements (PO:0025406).
Functions in the conduction of organic substances in vascular plants.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) composed of polyhedral cells typically with thin, non-lignified cellulosic cell walls and nucleate, living protoplasts.
portion of parenchymatous tissue (exact)
Parenchyma contains relatively unspecialized cells.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) which comprises living tissue composed of more or less elongated cells with thick, non-lignified primary cell walls.
Chloroplast-containing parenchyma tissue.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) which comprises supporting tissue composed of plant fiber cells (PO:0025407) or sclereid cells (PO:0025418).
portion of sclerenchymatous tissue (exact)
A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that has as part a single layer of cambial initial cells (PO:0000295) and their derivatives, arranged orderly in radial files.
This term is applied to only two types of meristems: vascular cambium (PO:0005598) and cork cambium/phellogen (PO:0005599).
A cambium (PO:0005597) that is located between and gives rise to secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
A vascular cambium produces cells in both directions, centrifugally and centrifically, leading to an increase in the cross-sectional area of a plant axis (PO:0025004).
A cambium (PO:0005597) that is part of a periderm (PO:0005046) and produces phellem (PO:0004003) and phelloderm (PO:0005050).
Cork cambium is located between the phellem and phelloderm and produces phellem toward the outside and phelloderm toward the inside of a plant axis (PO:0025004).
OBSOLETE. A form of collenchyma in which the primary wall thickening is most prominent in the angles where three or more cells are joined.
The term was made obsolete because angular form is a common attribute of ordinary collenchyma.
OBSOLETE. A collenchyma characterized by intercellular spaces and cell wall thickenings facing the intercellular spaces.
The term was made obsolete because the lacunar form is an attribute of regular collenchyma.
OBSOLETE. A collenchyma in which cell wall thickenings are deposited mainly on tangential walls.
The term was made obsolete because lamellar form is an attribute of regular collenchyma.
The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the foliage leaf.
mes&#243filo de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Leaf mesophyll parenchyma characterized by little elongated cells, that are not closely packed and have conspicuous intercellular spaces.
Parenchyma containing closely packed elongated chlorenchymatous cells oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface and which are active in photosynthesis.
mes&#243filo en empalizada (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that form specialized structures producing a secretion.
porci&#243n del tejido secretor (Spanish, exact)
The synonym gland does not imply non-secretory 'glands'.
A cardinal organ part that releases water through a hydathode pore.
Hydathodes may have one or more pores that are similar to stomata but lack the ability to open and close. Hydathodes are involved in the release of water or xylem sap through pores via guttation or secretion. Generally, hydathodes are located at the end of a minor vein in a phyllome. In many plants, hydathodes includes a portion of thin-walled parenchyma between the tracheary elements and the pore, known as an epithem. In some plants, hydathodes are associated with secretory tissue.
A specialized tissue where excess salt absorbed in water from the soil is concentrated, being stores or excreted.
A crust of salt forms on leaves which tastes bad and the white surfaces act to reflect light. Example, as is Mangrove vegetation.
A canal (PO:0025132) of schizogenous origin, lined with secretory resin cells (PO:0025604) and containing plant resin (PO:0025603).
A gland or a cavity lined with cells that secrete oils.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of plant epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011).
The epidermis can be composed of one or more layers of cells. In some species of vascular plants, the epidermis, which is a primary tissue, is replaced by periderm, which is secondary tissue, later in development. The epidermis can also include trichomes, stomatal pores, root hairs, and rhizoids.
A portion of parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin.
As applied to an intercellular space, originating by one or a combination of two processes, separation and degradation of cell walls.
OBSOLETE. Aerenchyma originating by rupture of cells.
The term was made obsolete because rhexigenous form is an attribute of regular aerenchyma.
OBSOLETE. Aerenchyma originating by dissolution of cells.
aer&#233nquima lis&#237geno (Spanish, exact)
The term was made obsolete because lysigenous form is an attribute of regular aerenchyma.
A maximal portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) between the vascular system (PO:0000034) and the epidermis (PO:0005679) in a plant.
OBSOLETE. Meristematic tissue consisting of apical initials, together with cells derived from them and which are still close to the initial.
The sub-epidermal layer or layers of cells of the root similar in structure and cytochemical characteristics of the endodermis, the outermost layer or layers of cells of the cortex.
The cell walls are thickened and contain suberin. Absent in pteridophytes, fibrous in Phoenix and accompanied by sclerenchyma in Ananas.
A portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue that develops from a vascular cambium (PO:0005598).
portion of secondary xylem tissue (exact)
Secondary xylem develops as part of secondary growth (GO:0080117). Secondary xylem is the wood of gymnosperm and dicot angiosperm trees, shrubs, and lianas. May be organized into axial (PO:0025410) and ray (PO:0025411) systems. Secondary xylem is often part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or a root (PO:0009005) but may occur in other organs. Some monocots have a primary thickening meristem (PO:0005039), located near the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148), that gives the appearance of secondary growth and may produce lignified tissue that appears woody but is not composed of secondary xylem. Tracheary elements in secondary xylem (PO:0000290) have lignified cell walls with secondary thickening and are dead at maturity.
A portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue that develops from the procambium (PO:0025275).
Primary xylem develops as part of primary growth (request for primary growth has been made to GO) and is not differentiated into axial (PO:0025410) and ray (PO:0025411) systems. Tracheary elements (PO:0000290) have lignified cell walls with secondary thickening and are dead at maturity.
A collective phyllome structure that encloses a fruit of the Poaceae (caryopsis) and develops from a dried lemma and palea.
A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
A glume that is the proximal/basal of the two glumes subtending a pair of florets.
A phyllome that is reduced in size relative to a vascular leaf on the same plant and is often associated with a perennating or dormant bud or a vegetatively propagating organ such as a rhizome.
May be photosynthetic or non-photosynthetic. Some species have vascular leaves that are scale-like (such as Juniperus, Thuja, and Chamaecyparis). Annotations for scale-like leaves should go under vascular leaf (PO:0009025), not scale leaf.
A glume that is the apical/distal of the two glumes subtending a pair of florets.
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a carpel primordium (PO:0004703) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is part of an anther wall (PO:0000002) and has as parts a primary parietal cell (PO:0006010) and adjacent plant cells.
capa primaria de c&#233lulas parietales (Spanish, exact)
pollen sac primary parietal cell layer (exact)
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is part of an anther wall (PO:0000002) and develops from an anther wall primary parietal cell layer (PO:0006006).
capa secundaria de c&#233lulas parietales (Spanish, exact)
pollen sac secondary parietal cell layer (exact)
In many angiosperms, the cells of the anther wall primary parietal cell layer undergo a periclinal division, resulting in the formation of two anther wall secondary parietal layers.
anther wall secondary parietal cell layer
An anther wall secondary parietal cell layer (PO:0006007) that is formed towards the inside, after the cells of an anther wall primary parietal cell layer (PO:0006006) undergo a periclinal division.
capa interna secundaria de c&#233lulas parietales (Spanish, exact)
pollen sac inner secondary parietal cell layer (exact)
In many angiosperms, including Arabidopsis, it divides periclinally to form an anther wall middle layer externally and an anther wall tapetum internally. Alternatively, it may differentiate into a tapetum.
anther wall inner secondary parietal cell layer
An anther wall secondary parietal cell layer (PO:0006007) formed towards the outside, after an anther wall primary parietal cell layer (An anther wall secondary parietal cell layer (PO:0006006) undergoes a periclinal division.
capa externa secundaria de c&#233lulas parietales (Spanish, exact)
pollen sac outer secondary parietal cell layer (exact)
In many angiosperms, including Arabidopsis, it differentiates into the anther wall endothecium. Alternatively, it may divide periclinally to form an anther wall endothecium externally and an anther wall middle layer internally.
anther wall outer secondary parietal cell layer
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) which is formed by the division of a male archesporial cell (PO:0006014), and is part of the anther wall primary parietal cell layer (PO:0006006).
c&#233lula primaria parietal (Spanish, exact)
An unbranched second order leaf vein (PO:0020140) that runs between two adjacent primary leaf veins (PO:0025413).
Found in the leaf lamina of some monocots, particularly in Poaceae.
A thin band of intercalary meristematic tissue at the junction of a leaf blade (lamina) and a leaf sheath found in grasses.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) which is composed of highly vacuolated cells forming closely-packed, club-shaped sacs with long slender stalks and containing juice.
ves&#237cula contenedora de jugo (Spanish, exact)
Juice sac tissue is found in citrus spp. (hesperidium fruit; PO:0030109), and develops from cells of the endocarp (PO:0009086).
An archesporial cell (PO:0030056) that is part of a microsporangium (PO:0025202) and divides to gives rise to a microsporocyte (PO:0020047).
c&#233lula masculina arquesporial (Spanish, exact)
Found in heterosporous ferns and seed plants. May also give rise to sterile cells. In seed plants, a male archesporial cell undergoes periclinal division, giving rise to an inner primary sporogenous cell layer and an outer primary parietal cell.
An archesporial cell (PO:0030056) that is part of a megasporangium (PO:0025201) and divides to give rise to a megasporocyte (PO:0000431).
c&#233lula femenina arquesporial (Spanish, exact)
Found in heterosporous ferns and seed plants. May also give rise to sterile cells. In the majority of flowering plants, including Arabidopsis, the female archesporial cell elongates and polarizes longitudinally, and directly differentiates into the megasporocyte or megaspore mother cell. In some flowering plants, it undergoes a periclinal division, and subsequently the inner cell differentiates into the megasporocyte.
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034).
A portion of endosperm (PO:0009089) tissue in which the first karyokinetic event is accompanied by the formation of a horizontal wall which divides the embryo sac central cell (PO:0020090) into unequal regions. The larger one is the micropylar chamber in which cytokinesis does not occur and the smaller one is the chalazal chamber.
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf (PO:0025034).
epidermis adaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Used to refer to an adaxial epidermis of an entire leaf. More specific terms exist for leaf lamina adaxial epidermis and petiole adaxial epidermis. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf (PO:0025034).
epidermis abaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Used to refer to an abaxial epidermis of an entire leaf. More specific terms exist for leaf lamina abaxial epidermis and petiole abaxial epidermis. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A root apical meristem (PO:0020147) that gives rise to a lateral root (PO:0020121).
meristema apical de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
apical meristem of lateral root (related)
This is different from root lateral meristem.
A root apical meristem (PO:0020147) that gives rise to a shoot-borne root (PO:0000042).
adventitious root apical meristem (broad)
meristema de la ra&#237z adventicia (Spanish, exact)
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) which forms a strip along the leaf veins and extending from the bundle sheath (PO:0006023) to the epidermis. It may be present on one or both sides of the vein and may consist of parenchyma or sclerenchyma.
extensi&#243n de la vaina vascular (Spanish, exact)
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) which comprises a layer or layers of cells surrounding the vascular bundles (PO:0005020) of leaves. It may consist of parenchyma (PO:0005421) or sclerenchyma (PO:0005427).
A single layered, parenchymatous bundle sheath characterized by presence of large quantity of starch.
vaina parenquim&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
The inner endodermal sheath of a two layered bundle sheath. The cells are smaller in diameter compared to those in outer wall (starch sheath). The cell walls are thick and contain suberized lamellae. They are analogous to endodermis.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) which is a short, abrupt, flexible point at the apex of the palea (PO:0009038).
ap&#237culo de la palea (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the edge of a leaflet (PO:0020049) and the area immediately internally adjacent to it.
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and arises from the meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020).
epidermis del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
Often interrupted by stomatal complexes (PO:0002000) and other structures. The shoot system epidermis is different from the root epidermis (PO:0006036) in its origin, function and structure.
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
epidermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
The root epidermis is different from the shoot epidermis in its origin, function and structure.
A portion of root epidermis (PO:0006036) that is part of a shoot-borne root (PO:0000042).
epidermis de la ra&#237z adventicia (Spanish, exact)
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a sepal (PO:0009031).
epidermis del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
epidermis del p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
A multiseriate portion of root epidermis (PO:0006036) found in aerial roots of some monocots. Most of its cells are dead and store water like a sponge.
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of an plant ovule integument (PO:0020021).
epidermis del integumento (Spanish, exact)
A portion of integument epidermis (PO:0006043) of the inner integument (PO:0020022) in a plant ovule (PO:0020003).
epidermis del integumento interior (Spanish, exact)
A portion of integument epidermis (PO:0006043) of the outer integument (PO:0020023) in a plant ovule (PO:0020003).
epidermis del integumento exterior (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a seed coat (PO:0009088).
epidermis de la cubierta de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of the scutellum (PO:0020110).
A portion of seed coat epidermis (PO:0006048) which is part of the seed coat (PO:0009088), and develops from the outer surface of the outer integument (PO:0020023).
exotesta/testa exterior (Spanish, exact)
外珠皮の外側の表皮から発生する外種皮 (Japanese, exact)
A portion of seed coat epidermis (PO:0006048) which is part of a seed coat (PO:0009088) and develops from the inner epidermis of the outer integument (PO:0020023).
endotesta/testa interior (Spanish, exact)
外珠皮の内側の表皮から発生する外種皮 (Japanese, exact)
A portion of petal epidermis (PO:0006041) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a petal (PO:0009032).
epidermis abaxial del p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of petal epidermis (PO:0006041) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a petal (PO:0009032).
epidermis adaxial del p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of sepal epidermis (PO:0006040) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a sepal (PO:0009031).
epidermis abaxial del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of sepal epidermis (PO:0006040) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a sepal (PO:0009031).
epidermis adaxial del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a cotyledon (PO:0020030).
epidermis del cotiled&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) which is the abaxial/lower epidermis of the cotyledon (PO:0020030).
epidermis abaxial de cotiled&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) which is the adaxial/upper epidermis of the cotyledon (PO:0020030).
epidermis adaxial de cotiled&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A portion of stamen epidermis (PO:0025097) that is part of a filament (PO:0009067).
epidermis del filamento (Spanish, exact)
A portion of carpel epidermis (PO:0025096) that is part of a stigma (PO:0009073).
A portion of carpel epidermis (PO:0025096) that is part of a style (PO:0009074).
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of an plant ovary wall (PO:0005022).
A portion of endodermis (PO:0000252) that is part of a hypocotyl (PO:0020100).
endodermis del hipoc&#243tile (Spanish, exact)
A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a petiole.
par&#233nquima del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. A cup-shaped region in the shoot apical meristem found between the central mother cell and the rib and peripheral zone. The cells of this zone are derived from the corpus intials, but in some cases they arise also from tunica initials.
zona transicional semejante al cambium (Spanish, exact)
If found, this zone is a temporary feature mostly in Gymnosperms.
A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a sepal.
par&#233nquima del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) tissue that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
par&#233nquima del p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the leaf or leaf like organs.
The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the petal.
mes&#243filo del p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the sepal.
mes&#243filo del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) that is intercalated between two portions of non-meristematic tissue and results in an increase in length as part of primary growth.
See subtypes: leaf intercalary meristem (PO:0006346) and stem intercalary meristem (PO:0006347). Not known to occur in roots. Term for primary growth has been requested in GO.
OBSOLETE. A portion of primary cambium that undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue.
This term was made obsolete because the parentage and definition changed slightly. It is replaced by PO:0025275.
A portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue that develops from the procambium (PO:0025275).
portion of primary phloem tissue (exact)
In stem or root it is differentiated behind the apical meristem. Primary phloem develops as part of primary growth (GO term for primary growth has been requested).
A portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075) tissue that has as parts companion cells (PO:0000071, in angiosperms) or albuminous cells (PO:0025412, in gymnosperms) associated with the sieve elements (PO:0025406) and that develops after the protophloem (PO:0006077).
Metaphloem develops after a portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) has stopped elongating, in the same location as the protophloem, replacing the protophloem. Sieve elements in the metaphloem are larger than in the protophloem. Develops before the secondary phloem, if any is formed.
A portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075) tissue has as parts the first-formed sieve elements (PO:0025406) at a particular location and does not have companion cells (PO:0000071, in angiosperms) or albuminous cells (PO:0025412, in gymnosperms) associated with the sieve elements.
Protophloem is the first primary phloem to develop in any particular location in a portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015). Sieve elements in the protophloem are smaller than in the metaphloem (PO:0006076). The protophloem usually only lasts a short time before it is replaced by metaphloem.
OBSOLETE. The vascular tissue of the primary plant body at the embryonic stage.
tejido vascular primario (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. The vascular tissue derived from the vascular cambium because of the secondary growth.
tejido vascular secundario (Spanish, exact)
A root apical meristem (PO:0020147) that gives rise to a primary root (PO:0020127).
meristema apical de la ra&#237z primaria (Spanish, exact)
apical meristem of primary root (related)
A portion of protoderm (PO:0006210) tissue that is the outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148), and gives rise to the leaf abaxial epidermis (PO:0006019).
portion of abaxial protoderm tissue (exact)
A portion of protoderm (PO:0006210) tissue that is the outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148), and gives rise to the leaf adaxial epidermis (PO:0006018).
portion of adaxial protoderm tissue (exact)
Tissue consisting of tracheids and parenchyma cells, associated with the vascular bundle.
porci&#243n del tejido de transfusi&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that gives rise to a root (PO:0009005).
meristema de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. The accessory tissue extending laterally into the mesophyll rather than remaining associated with the vascular bundles.
tejido accesorio de transfusi&#243n (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. Tissue that develops from phloem parenchyma in the outer portion of the inner bark accommodating the expansion in circumference.
tejido de proliferaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) is formed by the division of the male archesporial initial. After several mitotic divisions these cells differentiate into pollen mother cells.
c&#233lula espor&#243gena primaria (Spanish, exact)
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an anther (PO:0009066).
portion of anther primordium tissue (exact)
A cultured plant callus that is capable of forming plant organs.
callo &#243rganog&#233nico (Spanish, exact)
Plant organs may be formed after the cultured plant callus is treated with plant growth regulators.
A cultured plant callus (PO:0000009) that is capable of forming somatic embryos.
Somatic embryos may be formed after the cultured plant callus is treated with plant growth regulators.
A maximal portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) in the center of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005).
A portion of vascular cambium (PO:0005598) that develops from a procambium (PO:0025275) in a vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
Found in shoot axes (PO:0025029) and vascular leaves (PO:0009025). Portions of fascicular cambium may merge with interfascular cambium (PO:0006201) or the fascicular cambium from adjacent vascular bundles to form a cylinder, or they may remain isolated.
A portion of vascular cambium (PO:00055980) that develops from cells in an interfascicular region (PO:0006202) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
cambium interfascicular (Spanish, exact)
Portions of interfascicular cambium may merge with fascicular cambium (PO:0006200) to form a cylinder of cambium or they may remain isolated. May develop from meristematic cells (PO:0004010) that have never differentiated into another cell type or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that retain some meristematic ability.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) located between vascular bundles in a shoot axis.
regi&#243n interfascicular (Spanish, exact)
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is part of a root stele located between the phloem and endodermis.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) which is diploid (2n), and undergoes meiosis (GO:0007126) to produce four haploid (1n) plant spores (PO:0025017).
Irregularly-shaped, chlorenchymatous cell, separated by large air spaces.
c&#233lula del mes&#243filo esponjoso (Spanish, exact)
Usually found in the abaxial/lower part of the leaf mesophyll as in a dorsiventral leaf, but between two palisade parenchyma layers in an isobilateral leaf. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
Elongated chlorenchymatous cell oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface and which is active in photosynthesis.
c&#233lula del mes&#243filo en empalizada (Spanish, exact)
Usually found in the adaxil/upper part of the leaf mesophyll. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A short cell in the dimorphic type of exodermis with cell wall that remains non-thickened.
c&#233lula de pasaje exod&#233rmica (Spanish, exact)
Cell in the endodermal layer of the root with cell wall that remains non-thickened.
c&#233lula de pasaje endod&#233rmica (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. The outer most cell layer of the lateral roots.
epidermis de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of an abscission zone (PO:0000146) and contains cells that develop an abnormal wall chemistry and swelling resulting in their easily being pulled apart along the pectin-rich middle lamella (GO:0009519).
Directly involved in the weakening process of abscission.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of a layer of cells that is part of the abscission zone (PO:0000146) that have lignin and suberin depositions and are found on the axial side of the break or exposed surface of abscission.
Parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces in the tissue of roots.
aer&#233nquima de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A portion of aerenchyma that is part of a stem.
aer&#233nquima del tallo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces in the leaf mesophyll.
aer&#233nquima de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A portion of primary phloem tissue positioned internal to the primary xylem.
floema intraxil&#233mico (Spanish, exact)
A portion of seed coat epidermis (PO:0006048) which is part of the seed coat (PO:0009088) and develops from the outer surface of the inner integument (PO:0020022).
内珠皮の外側の表皮から発生する内種皮 (Japanese, exact)
A portion of seed coat epidermis (PO:0006048) which is part of the seed coat (PO:0009088) and develops from the inner epidermis of the inner integument (PO:0020022).
内珠皮の内側の表皮から発生する内種皮 (Japanese, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the central region of an endosperm (PO:0009089), composed of cells that are significantly larger than those at the periphery, especially the aleurone and sub-aleurone layers.
portion of central endosperm tissue (exact)
Also called starchy endosperm region (characteristic of some grasses).
A laticifer cell (PO:0025031) that is joined longitudinally to other articulated laticifer cells to form a tube.
c&#233lula del latic&#237fero articulado (Spanish, exact)
The walls between contiguous cells may be perforated or may disappear completely. This terms should be used for individual cells. For multiple cells joined together, use articulated laticifer (PO:0005006).
A laticifer cell (PO:0025031) that is not joined longitudinally to other laticifer cells to form a tube.
c&#233lula del latic&#237fero no articulado (Spanish, exact)
May be coenocytic (multi-nucleate) and branched and may grow intrusively between other plant cells (PO:0009002).
OBSOLETE. The instances of this parent term are those anatomical terms which have become obsolete.
estructura vegetal obsoleta (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. Group of cells located beneath anticlinally dividing peripheral layers (tunica) and dividing in many planes. In apical shoot meristem. Such division cause the increase in the volume of shoot.
The term has been made obsolete because this concept is used in a very loose sense.
OBSOLETE. The outermost layer or layers in the shoot apical meristem of the Angiosperms in which the plane of division is almost anticlinal. This layer contributes to surface growth.
OBSOLETE. The outer layer of the tunica.
A similar term L1 meristem (PO:0009020) occurs.
OBSOLETE. The second layer of the tunica.
A similar term L2 meristem (PO:0009021) occurs.
OBSOLETE. The innermost layer of the tunica.
A similar term L3 meristem (PO:0009022) occurs.
OBSOLETE. A derivative of the apical meristem which undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue of a shoot.
procambium del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete because the definition was changed. It was replaced by PO:0025276.
A portion of procambium (PO:0025275) tissue that undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue (PO:0025408) of a root (PO:0009005).
procambium de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A derivative of the root apical meristem.
A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
meristema lateral de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
Not to be confused with lateral root apical meristem (PO:0006020), which is an apical meristem (PO:0020144) of a lateral root (PO:0020121).
A spikelet (PO:0009051) that is part of the tassel inflorescence (PO:0020126) and bears tassel florets (PO:0006310) at maturity.
penacho (borla) de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
A small staminate flower (PO:0025600) that is part of a tassel spikelet (PO:0006309).
florete del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
The tassel floret (PO:0006310) initiates both stamens (PO:0009029) and carpels (PO:0009030), but all carpels abort during development. Found in Zea spp.
A tassel spikelet (PO:0006309) which is the ultimate, sessile, higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) of the maize tassel inflorescence (PO:0020126).
penacho (borla) s&#233sil del florete (Spanish, exact)
Develops from the tassel spikelet pair meristem (PO:0006358).
A tassel spikelet (PO:0006309) which is the ultimate, pedicellate, higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) of the maize tassel inflorescence (PO:0020126).
penacho (borla) pedicelada del florete (Spanish, exact)
A tassel floret that is the lower of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet of a tassel inflorescence.
florete inferior de la espiguilla pedicelada (Spanish, exact)
lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
A tassel floret that is one of the two florets placed above the lower floret on a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of a tassel inflorescence.
florete superior de la espiguilla pedicelada (Spanish, exact)
upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
A tassel floret that is the lower of the two florets of a sessile spikelet of a tassel inflorescence.
florete inferior de la espiguilla s&#233sil (Spanish, exact)
lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
A tassel floret that is one of the two florets placed above the lower floret on a sessile spikelet rachilla of a tassel inflorescence.
florete superior de la espiguilla s&#233sil (Spanish, exact)
upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel
Inflorescence branch that terminates in a spikelet.
pedicelo de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
This is not a pedicel in the strict sense, but is the ultimate naked part of the inflorescence axis.
A spikelet (PO:0009051) that is part of the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136) and bears a single ear floret (PO:0006354) at maturity.
The ear spikelet forms with two ear florets (PO:0006354), but the lower one aborts during development.
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
eje de segundo orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
first order inflorescence branch (exact)
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a second order inflorescence axis (PO:0006322).
eje de tercero orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
second order inflorescence branch (exact)
An inflorescence branch (PO:0009081) arising on a first order tassel inflorescence axis (PO:0006324) or from a higher order inflorescence branch (PO:0009081) that is part of a tassel inflorescence (PO:0020126).
rama del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
A first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) that is the primary axis of a tassel inflorescence (PO:0020126).
central axis of tassel inflorescence (exact)
espiga central del penacho (borla) de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis node (PO:0005004) that is part of an inflorescence axis (PO:0020122).
nodo de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of an inflorescence axis (PO:0020122).
internodo de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
An inflorescence apical meristem that gives rise to the two or more florets of a grass inflorescence.
meristema de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
The meristem that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems.
par de meristemas de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is an elongation of the floral axis that supports the carpel (PO:0009030).
A gynophore is only present when there is an elongation of the axis between the androecium and gynoecium. Found in peanut.
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a ridge on a seed (PO:0009010) that develops from a raphe (PO:0020027).
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is attached to a seed (PO:0009010) and is the remnants of a funicle (PO:0020006).
fun&#237culo de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
A remnant of the ovular chalaza that is part of the seed.
A plant anatomical space that is enclosed by and forms an opening in a seed coat at the apex of a seed and is the remnant of a micropyle.
micr&#243pila de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
An outgrowth of the seed funicle, that forms a bridge between the seed micropyle and other tissues. It is also a remnant form of the obturator found in the ovular funicle.
obturador de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
portion of seed obturator tissue (exact)
A vascular leaf that is part of a plant embryo and is one of the first few leaves to develop from the embryonic shoot apical meristem.
This term is used to described not yet fully-developed leaves that are part of an embryo.
A vascular leaf that is distinct from adult leaves, being characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry.
Many species have juvenile leaves at the base of the stem, adult leaves at the apex, and transition leaves in between. In maize, juvenile leaves are at the tip of the stalk (stem), which differentiates first, with adult leaves at the base, while other grasses may have other arrangements. The first juvenile leaves in Poaceae are the embryonic leaves found in the grass kernel (caryopsis).
A vascular leaf characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry.
Many species have juvenile leaves at the base of the stem, adult leaves at the apex, and transition leaves in between. In maize, juvenile leaves are at the tip of the stalk (stem), which differentiates first, with adult leaves at the base, while other grasses may have other arrangements. In some plants the juvenile leaves may go on to establish as adult leaves.
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that develops from an embryo shoot apical meristem (PO:0006362).
sistema axilar primario (Spanish, exact)
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that develops from an inflorescence (PO:0009049) and has as parts each infructescence axis (PO:0025242) and all of the fruits (PO:0009001) borne by those axes.
A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004545) that develops from an axillary bud (PO:0004709).
sistema axilar del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
meristema lateral del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. A tubular cell extension formed by the germinating pollen grain; carries the male gametes into the ovule.
This term was made obsolete because it is a subcellular component. See GO for the term pollen tube (GO:0090406). Since a pollen tube is part_of a pollen tube cell, annotations for pollen tube may also go to the more general term pollen tube cell (PO:0025195).
An intercalary meristem (PO:0006073) that is part of a leaf (PO:0006346) and is intercalated between two portions of non-meristematic tissue between a leaf apex (PO:0020137) and a leaf base (PO:0020040).
meristema intercalar de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Results in an increase in length of a leaf, as part of primary growth. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. The leaf intercalary meristem does not include a leaf plate meristem (PO:0025429) .
An intercalary meristem (PO:0006073) that is part of a stem internode (PO:0020142) and is intercalated between two portions of non-meristematic tissue.
meristema intercalar del tallo (Spanish, exact)
Results in an increase in length of a stem internode, as part of primary growth.
An ear spikelet (PO:0006320) which is the ultimate, pedicellate, higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) of the maize ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
espiga pedicelada de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
Develops from the ear spikelet pair meristem (PO:0006360).
An ear spikelet (PO:0006320) which is the ultimate, sessile, higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) of the maize ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
espiga s&#233sil de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
An ear floret that is the upper of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence.
florete superior de la espiguilla pedicelada de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
The upper floret on the ear usually develops into a functional one.
upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets on a sessile spikelet of an ear inflorescence.
florete inferior de la espiguilla pedicelada de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
This floret does not usually develop into a functional one.
An ear floret that is one of the two florets placed above the lower floret on a sessile spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence.
florete superior de la espiguilla s&#233sil de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
This floret usually develops into a functional one.
An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence.
florete inferior de la espiguilla s&#233sil de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
The lower floret on the ear does not usually develop into a functional one.
lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear
A small, pistillate flower (PO:0025599) that is part of a ear spikelet (PO:0006320).
The ear floret (PO:0006354) initiates both carpels (PO:0009030) and stamens (PO:0009029), but all stamens abort during development. Found in Zea spp.
The meristem present on short tassel branch that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems in a maize tassel.
par de meristemas del penacho (borla) de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
An ear inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009110) that produces two ear spikelet meristems (PO:0006378), each of which produces two flower meristems (PO:0000229) in an ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
par de meristemas de la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
A vegetative shoot apical meristem at the apex of the embryonic axis.
meristema embri&#243nico apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A glume that is part of an ear spikelet.
gluma de la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
A glume that is part of a tassel spikelet.
gluma del penacho (borla) de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
A lower glume that is part of an ear spikelet.
gluma inferior la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
雌穂（花）小穂の第一苞頴(first glume) (Japanese, exact)
An upper glume that is part of a tassel spikelet.
gluma superior del penacho (borla) de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
雄穂（花）小穂の第二苞頴(second glume) (Japanese, exact)
An upper glume that is part of an ear spikelet.
gluma superior de la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
雌穂（花）小穂の第二苞頴(second glume) (Japanese, exact)
A lower glume that is part of a tassel spikelet.
gluma inferior del penacho (borla) de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
雄穂（花）小穂の第一苞頴(first glume) (Japanese, exact)
An inflorescence apical meristem that gives rise to the maize ear.
meristema apical de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
An inflorescence apical meristem that gives rise to the maize tassel.
meristema apical del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize tassel spikelets.
meristema del penacho (borla) de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize ear spikelet.
meristema de la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
The axis of the tassel spikelet, above the glumes.
raquilla del penacho (borla) de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
The axis of the ear spikelet, above the glumes.
raquilla de la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
A lower glume of tassel spikelet that is part of a tassel pedicellate spikelet.
gluma inferior de la espiguilla pedicelada del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
雄穂（花）の有柄小穂の第一苞頴(first glume) (Japanese, exact)
lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
A lower glume of tassel spikelet that is part of a tassel sessile spikelet.
gluma inferior de la espiguilla s&#233sil del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
雄穂（花）の無柄小穂の第一苞頴(first glume) (Japanese, exact)
lower glume of sessile spikelet of tassel
An upper glume of tassel spikelet that is part of a tassel sessile spikelet.
gluma superior de la espiguilla s&#233sil del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
雄穂（花）の無柄小穂の第二苞頴(second glume) (Japanese, exact)
upper glume of sessile spikelet of tassel
An upper glume of tassel spikelet that is part of a tassel pedicellate spikelet.
gluma superior de la espiguilla pedicelada del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
雄穂（花）の有柄小穂の第二苞頴(second glume) (Japanese, exact)
upper glume of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
The axis of the tassel sessile spikelet, above the glumes.
raquilla de la espiguilla s&#233sil del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
The axis of the tassel pedicellate spikelet, above the glumes.
raquilla de la espiguilla pedicelada del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
rachilla of pedicellate spikelet of tassel
This is the ultimate branch of the pedicellate ear spikelet.
pedicelo de la espiguilla de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
This is the ultimate branch of the pedicellate tassel spikelet.
pedicelo de la espiguilla del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
A peduncle of a maize tassel, below the lowest tassel node.
ped&#250nculo del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
A peduncle of a maize ear, below the lowest ear node.
ped&#250nculo de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
The axis of the ear pedicellate spikelet, above the glumes.
raquilla de la espiguilla pedicelada de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
The axis of the ear sessile spikelet, above the glumes.
raquilla de la espiguilla s&#233sil de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear pedicellate spikelet.
gluma inferior de la espiguilla pedicelada de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
雌穂（花）の有柄小穂の第一苞頴(first glume) (Japanese, exact)
lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear
A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear sessile spikelet.
gluma inferior de la espiguilla s&#233sil de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
雌穂（花）の無柄小穂の第一苞頴(first glume) (Japanese, exact)
An upper glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear pedicellate spikelet.
gluma superior de la espiguilla pedicelada de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
雌穂（花）の有柄小穂の第二苞頴(second glume) (Japanese, exact)
upper glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear
An upper glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear sessile spikelet.
gluma superior de la espiguilla s&#233sil de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
雌穂（花）の無柄小穂の第二苞頴(second glume) (Japanese, exact)
A collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) that has as parts an elongated stigma (PO:0009073) with stigma papilla (GO:0090397), and an elongated style (PO:0009074).
During pollination (GO:0009856), the pollen (PO:0025281) grows down through a portion of transmitting tissue (PO:0020102) to a plant ovary ovule (PO:0025490) and a megagametophyte (PO:0025279) to effect fertilization (GO:0009566). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea spp., please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: ear floret (PO:0006354), or one of the child terms: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), or upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
An abscission zone (PO:0000146) at the base of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025) where it separates during leaf abscission (GO:0060866).
zona de absici&#243n de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
An abscission zone (PO:0000146) at the base of a flower (PO:0009001) where a floral organ (PO:0025395) separates during floral organ abscission (GO:0010227).
zona de absici&#243n de la flor (Spanish, exact)
An abscission zone (PO:0000146) at the base of a fruit (PO:0009001) where the fruit separates from a fruit pedicel (PO:0030114) during fruit abscission (GO:0060867).
zona de absici&#243n del fruto (Spanish, exact)
落果実 (fruit shedding zone) (Japanese, exact)
A phyllome trichome that is part of a leaf epidermis.
A first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) that is the primary axis of an ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
central axis of ear inflorescence (exact)
espiga central de la espiga de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
7 linear grain-filling in maize (related)
7.3 early dough stage/embryo 3 in maize (related)
8.03 Early ripening in soybean (related)
BBCH principal growth stage 83 (related)
FR.01 early stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae (related)
early dough, kernel content soft, about 45% dry matter (related)
The stage at which 3/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in barley (related)
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in oat (related)
6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged in wheat (related)
70% of panicle emerged in rice (related)
IE.03 3/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath stage
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence has reached at its full length.
4.04 full inflorescence length reached in soybean (related)
This phase can only be used if the final length of the inflorescence is known.
IL.03 full inflorescence length reached stage
OBSOLETE.The stage at which the plant grows rapidly by either or both stem elongation and expansion of the rosette/foliage.
Many stages like leaf production PO:0007112, axillary shoot formation PO:0007073, inflorescence PO:0007047 often overlap with this stage
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence has reached at least one half of its full length, but has not yet reached its full length.
4.03 1/2 of inflorescence length reached in soybean (related)
IL.02 1/2 inflorescence length reached stage
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence is just visible, but has not yet reach one quarter of its full length.
4.01 Inflorescence just visible in soybean (related)
visible flower buds in Arabidopsis (related)
Includes the time when the inflorescence can be seen by removing outer leaves or bracts, or when the inflorescence is visible as a swelling of the outer leaves or bracts, such as booting in Zea. This phase can only be used if the final length of the inflorescence is known.
A whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042) that spans the interval when the average size of fruits (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) has reached 50% to 70% of its final size.
7.07 Pod 70% of final length in soybean (related)
FF.03 fruit size 70% in Solanaceae (related)
This terms is best used for plant with more or less synchronous fruit development and can only be used of the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003). For an individual fruit, use fruit size 50 to 70% stage (PO:0025507).
whole plant fruit formation stage 50 to 70%
The stage at which 1/2 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in barley (related)
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in oat (related)
6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged in wheat (related)
first individual flowers visible (related)
middle of panicle emergence in rice (related)
IE.02 1/2 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath stage
A whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042) that spans the interval when the average size of fruits (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) has reached 10% to 30% of final size.
7.02 Pod 30% of final length in soybean (related)
FF.01 fruit size 30% in Solanaceae (related)
This terms is best used for plant with more or less synchronous fruit development and can only be used of the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003). For an individual fruit, use fruit size 10 to 30% stage (PO:0025505).
whole plant fruit formation stage 10 to 30%
A whole plant fruit development stage (PO:0025500) that begins when the first fruit (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) begins the process of ripening (GO:0009835) in a way which, in case there are other fruits, the majority of the other fruits start to ripen continuously therewith, and ends with earliest of the following: (1) the whole plant begins a sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017), (2) the whole plant begins a sporophyte dormant stage (PO:0007132), or (3) all fruits on the whole plant are finished ripening.
09-dough development in barley (related)
dough stage kernels yellowish, about 55% dry matter (related)
silique ripening in Arabidopsis (related)
Succeeds a whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042). This term is to be used for a stage of development of a whole plant. For the stages of development of an individual fruit, see fruit ripening stage (PO:0025502). Although individual fruits are undergoing fruit ripening (GO:0009835), which is a type of senescence, during this stage, the whole plant is not yet undergoing multicelluar organism senescence (GO:0010259). An iteroparous species generally will have only one fruit ripening stage in its life, while a semelparous species may have multiple fruit ripening stage in its life. A whole plant fruit ripening stage may be followed by a sporophyte senescent stage, as in case (1) or by a sporophyte dormant stage (PO:0007132), as in case (2). In evergreen species and species that fruit multiple times during a growing season, a plant may have multiple fruit development stages without entering dormancy or senescence, as in case (3). In plants with continuous (i.e., indeterminate) fruit development (GO:0010154), new fruits may continue to develop after the first fruit has begun to ripen and the whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042) has ended. In some plants, fruit may continue to ripen after the whole plant has entered a sporophyte dormant stage or sporophyte senescent stage and left the whole plant fruit ripening stage. Some plants may never enter a whole plant fruit ripening stage, because fruits only begin to ripen after the plant has entered a sporophyte dormant stage or sporophyte senescent stage. Although the use of synonyms like "10-dough stage in sorghum" properly refer to the development of an individual fruit, they are used as here to extrapolate to a whole plant.
5.2-late booting stage in rice (related)
In rice the flag leaf sheath is more than 10cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath. Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
An inflorescence detectable phase characterized by a swelling of the flag leaf sheath, caused by an increase in the size of the inflorescence as it grows up the leaf sheath.
development of vegetatively propogated organs (related)
Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
A root development stage (PO:0007520) during which a radicle (PO:0020031) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
0.02-radicle emergence from seed in maize (related)
0.2 radicle emergence from seed in maize (related)
05 radicle emergence from seed coat in soybean (related)
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in Triticeae (related)
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in barley (related)
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in oat (related)
1.04-radicle emerged from seed in wheat (related)
radicle emergence in Arabidopsis (related)
radicle emergence in Solanaceae (related)
The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed is underneath a growth medium. In a fruit (PO:0009001) with a persistent pericarp (PO:0009084), emergence from the seed coat may not be observed. If the fruit is a caryopsis, the dry pericarp is fused with the seed coat, and emergence from the pericarp is simultaneous with emergence from the seed coat. This term is used only for seed plants.
A sporophyte reproductive stage (PO:0007130) during which a flower (PO:0009046) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) is open.
This term is to be used for a stage of development of a whole plant. For the stages of development of an individual flower, see flower development stage (PO:0007615).
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0028002) during which a sporophyte participates in multicellular organism senescence.
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in Triticeae (related)
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in barley (related)
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in oat (related)
10.03-kernel loosening in daytime in wheat (related)
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in Triticeae (related)
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in barley (related)
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in oat (related)
10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing in wheat (related)
The sporophyte senescent stage is often preceded by the sporophyte reproductive stage, and it ends with death of the sporophyte, either as a result of senescence or some other cause. The sporophyte senescent stage may succeed the sporophyte reproductive stage in monocarpic plants that die after reproducing, such as annuals. This stage is distinct from sporophyte dormant stage, in which organs may senesce, but some parts of the plant remain alive. Multicellular organism senescence/aging (GO:0010259) includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well processes like cellular senescence, organ senescence, and wear and tear. The POC curators have requested to the GOC that they revise the definition of GO:0010259, to make it more appropriate for plants.
The flag leaf sheath has started to extend.
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in barley (related)
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in oat (related)
5.01-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat (related)
5.1-early booting stage in rice (related)
In rice the flag leaf sheath is 5cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath. Upper part of the stem is slightly thickened. Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
The first awns are visible and the flag leaf sheath has opened.
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in barley (related)
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in oat (related)
5.04-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat (related)
Awns will be visible only in those species and varieties where they are known to be present. Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
A seed germination stage (PO:0007057) during which there is absorption of water by the seed (PO:0009010).
01 Beginning of seed imbibition in soybean (related)
03 Seed imbibition complete in soybean (related)
1.02-start of imbibition in Triticeae (related)
1.02-start of imbibition in barley (related)
1.02-start of imbibition in oat (related)
1.02-start of imbibition in wheat (related)
1.03-imbibition complete in Tricticeae (related)
1.03-imbibition complete in barley (related)
1.03-imbibition complete in oat (related)
1.03-imbibition complete in wheat (related)
The stage at which the inflorescence has fully emerged from the flag leaf sheath.
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in barley (related)
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in oat (related)
6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed in wheat (related)
end of panicle emergence in rice (related)
IE.04 inflorescence fully emerged from flag leaf sheath stage
The stage at which flowering is complete.
6.09 End of flowering in soybean (related)
7.03-anthesis completed in barley (related)
7.03-anthesis completed in oat (related)
7.03-anthesis completed in wheat (related)
FL.04 end of flowering in Solanaceae (related)
Zadok scale-69, Haun scale-11.6 (related)
The stage at which the inflorescence tip is just visible above flag leaf sheath.
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in barley (related)
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in oat (related)
6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible in wheat (related)
Zadok scale-50, Feekes scale-10.1, Haun scale-10.2 (related)
beginning of panicle emergence in rice (related)
beginning of tassel emergence in maize (related)
IE.00 inflorescence tip just visible above flag leaf sheath stage
The stage at which the first flower(s) open.
6.00 1st flowers on main stem open in soybean (related)
7.01-anthesis beginning in Triticeae (related)
7.01-anthesis beginning in barley (related)
7.01-anthesis beginning in oat (related)
7.01-anthesis beginning in wheat (related)
FL.00 first flower(s) open in Solanaceae (related)
Stage R1 Open flower at any node on the main stem (related)
first open flower in Arabidopsis (related)
These first flowers are not necessarily the oldest flowers in the inflorescence. In some cereal plants the flowering starts in the middle of the inflorescence. This stage refers to the whole plant.
A whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042) that spans the interval when the average size of fruits (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) has reached 70% of its final size to its final size.
BBCH principal growth stage 75 (related)
BBCH principal growth stage 79 (related)
FF.04 final fruit size in Solanaceae (related)
Kernels in middle of cob yellowish-white (related)
kernel content milky, 40% dry matter (related)
nearly all kernels have reached final size (related)
Succeeded by a whole plant fruit ripening stage (PO:0007010). This terms is best used for plant with more or less synchronous fruit development and can only be used of the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003). For an individual fruit, use fruit size 70% to final size stage (PO:0025508).
whole plant fruit formation stage 70% to final size
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in barley (related)
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in oat (related)
5.03-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat (related)
A whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042) that spans the interval when the average size of fruits (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) has reached 30% to 50% of its final size.
7.03 Pod 50% of final length in soybean (related)
8.01-kernel watery ripe in barley (related)
8.01-kernel watery ripe in oat (related)
8.01-kernel watery ripe in wheat (related)
BBCH principal growth stage 71 (related)
FF.02 fruit size 50% in Solanaceae (related)
Zadok scale-71, Feekes scale-10.54, Haun scale-12.1 (related)
beginning of grain development, kernels at blister stage, 16% dry matter (related)
This terms is best used for plant with more or less synchronous fruit development and can only be used of the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003). For an individual fruit, use fruit size 30 to 50% stage (PO:0025506).
whole plant fruit formation stage 30 to 50%
A seedling development stage (PO:0007131) during which a seedling (PO:0008037) breaks through soil surface.
The stage when fruit ripening is midway.
7.4 late dough stage/embryo 4 in maize (related)
BBCH principal growth stage 85 (related)
DNA degradation (endosperm) in maize (related)
FR.02 mid stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae (related)
Zadok scale-85, Feekes scale-11.2 (related)
A whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042) that begins when the first fruit (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) that has no other fruits as part enters a fruit initiation stage (PO:0025503) and ends when the average size of fruits (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) has reached 10% of final size.
7.01 Pod 10% of final length in soybean (related)
FF.00 fruit size 10% in Solanaceae (related)
This terms is best used for plant with more or less synchronous fruit development and can only be used of the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003). For an individual fruit, use fruit size up to 10% stage (PO:0025504).
whole plant fruit formation stage up to 10%
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003).
Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related)
cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related)
maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related)
plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related)
rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related)
sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related)
wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related)
6.02 1/4 of flowers on the main stem open in soybean (related)
FL.01 1/4 of flowers open in Solanaceae (related)
OBSOLETE. This stage refers to the developmental and physiological changes that occur in the whole plant after fertilization and during fruit development, maturation, and provisioning.
6 post-flowering/lag phase in maize (related)
7-8 Fruit Formation and Maturation in soybean (related)
effective filling period in maize (related)
We have chosen to use fruit size as a marker of these physiological processes to represent the whole plant growth stage.
OBSOLETE 7-8 fruit formation and maturation
The stage at which fruit maturation begins.
8.01 Beginning of bean ripening in soybean (related)
FR.00 beginning of fruit ripening in Solanaceae (related)
beginning of whole plant fruit ripening stage
Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of two, often equal-sized, inflorescence meristems from one inflorescence meristem.
The stage at which fruit ripening is complete.
8.09 Final ripening in soybean (related)
BBCH principal growth stage 89 (related)
FR.04 fruit ripening complete in Solanaceae (related)
fully ripe grain hard, difficult to divide by thumbnail in rice (related)
fully ripe kernels hard and shiny about 65% dry matter in maize (related)
whole plant fruit ripening complete stage
A trichome development stage that has as primary participant a leaf trichome.
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence emerges from sheathing leaves or bracts.
06-inflorescence emergence in barley (related)
06-inflorescence emergence in oat (related)
06-inflorescence emergence in wheat (related)
Includes emergence of a Zea mays inflorescence from a flag leaf sheath, following booting. In US cornbelt maize (including B73) the tassel fully emerges about 2-3 days prior to silk emergence from husk leaves. At this time the ear and husk may still be enclosed within its leaf sheath depending on the variety and environmental conditions.
A whole plant fruit development stage (PO:0025500) that begins when a fruit (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) that is not currently participating in a whole plant fruit development stage begins a fruit initiation stage (PO:0025503) and ends with the onset of a whole plant fruit ripening stage (PO:0007010).
5 fruit formation in Solanaceae (related)
This term is to be used for a stage of development of a whole plant (PO:0000003). For the stages of development of an individual fruit, see fruit development stage (PO:0001002). An iteroparous plant will only have one fruit formation stage in its life, while a semelparous plant may have multiple whole plant fruit formation stages during its life. In plants with continuous (i.e., indeterminate) fruit development (GO:0010154), new fruits may continue to develop after the first fruit has begun to ripen and the fruit ripening stage of whole plant (PO:0007042) has begun. Although the use of synonyms like "07-milk stage in rice" properly refer to the development of an individual fruits, they are used as here to extrapolate to a whole plant.
A seedling development stage (PO:0007131) during which the hypocotyl (PO:0020100) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
0.07.01 Cotyledons and hypocotyl emerge in soybean (related)
0.07.02 Hypocotyl emerges above soil in soybean (related)
hypocotyl and cotyledon emergence in Arabidopsis (related)
hypocotyl emergence in Solanaceae (related)
This term is used only for seed plants. The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed (PO:0009010) is underneath a growth medium. In a fruit (PO:0009001) with a persistent pericarp (PO:0009084), emergence from the seed coat may not be observed.
The flag leaf sheath is just visibly swollen.
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in barley (related)
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in oat (related)
5.02-flag leaf sheath extending in wheat (related)
Zadok scale-45, Feekes scale-10, Haun scale-9.2 (related)
flag leaf sheath just visibly swollen (related)
In rice the flag leaf sheath is 5-10cm out of the penultimate leaf sheath. Booting is a term used specifically for grasses (Poaceae).
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) during which the coleoptile (PO:0020033) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
0.3 coleoptile emergence from seed in maize (related)
Occurs in Poaceae and some other monocotyledons. May occur simultaneously with coleoptile emergence from the growth medium. The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed (PO:0009010) is underneath a growth medium. In a fruit (PO:0009001) with a persistent pericarp (PO:0009084), emergence from the seed coat may not be observed. If the fruit is a caryopsis, the dry pericarp is fused with the seed coat, and emergence from the pericarp is simultaneous with emergence from the seed coat. This terms is used only for seed plants.
An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence has reached at least one quarter of its full length, but has not yet reached one half of its full length.
4.02 1/4 of inflorescence length reached in soybean (related)
IL.01 1/4 inflorescence length reached stage
A reproductive growth stage during which an inflorescence is detectable.
3 inflorescence visible in Solanaceae (narrow)
4 Inflorescence Formation in soybean (narrow)
This includes the stage when an inflorescence starts to develop (and is detectable only by assay or with a microscope), to the stage where it is visible to the naked eye. This includes the booting stage in the grasses (Poaceae). There is no one-to-one correspondence between some of the phases of inflorescence formation in members of Poaceae (e.g., booting) with that of other families.
whole plant inflorescence detectable stage
The stage at which 1/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.
30% of panicle emerged in rice (related)
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in barley (related)
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in oat (related)
6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged in wheat (related)
Zadok scale-53, Feekes scale-10.2 (related)
IE.01 1/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath stage
A seedling development stage (PO:0007131) during which the cotyledon (PO:0020030) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
01-seedling emergence in sorghum (related)
1.00 Cotyledon visible in soybean (related)
1.01-seedling emergence in maize (related)
1.1 seedling emergence in maize (related)
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in Triticeae (related)
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in barley (related)
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in oat (related)
2.01-first leaf through coleoptile in wheat (related)
Oryza first leaf through coleoptile (related)
Triticeae first leaf through coleoptile (related)
Zadok scale-10, Feekes scale-1 (related)
cotyledon emergence in Solanaceae (related)
cotyledons fully open in Arabidopsis (related)
This term is used only for seed plants. The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed is underneath a growth medium, especially in plants with hypogeal germination. In a fruit (PO:0009001) with a persistent pericarp (PO:0009084), emergence from the seed coat may not be observed.
8 leveling off of grain-filling/embryo 5 in maize (related)
9.1 physiological maturity/embryo 6 in maize (related)
BBCH principal growth stage 87 (related)
FR.03 late stage of fruit ripening in Solanaceae (related)
Stage R7 Beginning maturity in soybean (related)
leveling off of dry matter accumulation (related)
physiological maturity, black dot, about 60% dry matter in maize (related)
6.02 3/4 of flowers on main stem open in soybean (related)
FL.03 3/4 of flowers open in Solanaceae (related)
Stage R2 Open flower at one of the two uppermost nodes on the main stem with fully developed leaf in soybean (related)
6.02 1/2 of flowers on main stem open in soybean (related)
7.02-anthesis half-way in barley (related)
7.02-anthesis half-way in wheat (related)
FL.02 1/2 of flowers open in Solanaceae (related)
A seedling development stage (PO:0007131) during which the epicotyl (PO:0020035) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
Occurs in plants with hypogeal germination such as pea (pisum sativum). The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed (PO:0009010) is underneath a growth medium. In a fruit (PO:0009001) with a persistent pericarp (PO:0009084), emergence from the seed coat may not be observed.
Trichome initiation stage that determine numbers of trichome are formed.
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) which begins with the onset of a seed imbibition stage (PO:0007022) and ends with a radicle emergence stage (PO: 0007015), or a coleorhiza emergence stage (PO:0025475), as a result of the growth by the plant embryo (PO:0004537) in a seed (PO:0009010).
The stage trichome nuclei continue to replicate their DNA after mitosis and cytokinesis have ceased, and as a consequence have a DNA content much greater than 2C.
3.01-main shoot only in Triticeae (related)
3.01-main shoot only in barley (related)
The stage at which six nodes or six internodes are visible.
3.06 6 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
4.07-sixth node detectable in barley (related)
4.07-sixth node detectable in oat (related)
4.07-sixth node detectable in wheat (related)
A measure of vegetative growth, but leaf production is to be preferred.
SE.06 six nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which leaves at seven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.07 6th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in Triticeae (related)
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in barley (related)
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in oat (related)
2.08-seven leaves unfolded in wheat (related)
3.1 ear initiation/mid-whorl stage in maize (related)
LP.07 seven leaves visible in Solanaceae (related)
Triticeae seven leaves unfolded (related)
The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
The stage at which leaves at twelve nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.12 11th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
12 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis (related)
3.3 mid-vegetative stage of maize (related)
The stage at which leaves at five nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.05 4th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
2 tassel initiation/early whorl stage in maize (related)
2.06-five leaves unfolded in Triticeae (related)
2.06-five leaves unfolded in barley (related)
2.06-five leaves unfolded in oat (related)
2.06-five leaves unfolded in wheat (related)
LP.05 five leaves visible in Solanaceae (related)
Triticeae five leaves unfolded (related)
Zadok scale-15, Haun scale-4.+ (related)
tassel differentiation in maize (related)
The stage at which nine nodes or nine internodes are visible.
3.09 9 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.09 nine nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.17 16th trifoliate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
3.4 late vegetative stage of maize (related)
late vegetative stage of maize (related)
Rosette has reached approximately 50% of its final diameter.
mid rosette growth in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage at which eight nodes or eight internodes are visible.
3.08 8 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.08 eight nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at two nodes are visible.
2.02 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 2 nodes in soybean (related)
2.02 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at two nodes in Solanaceae (related)
3.03-main shoot and two tillers (related)
main shoot and second tiller visible (related)
main shoot and two tillers in barley (related)
main shoot and two tillers in oat (related)
main shoot and two tillers in wheat (related)
second axillary shoot detectable (related)
The axillary shoot can be a single shoot or a pair of axillary shoots at each node.
2.02 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at two nodes stage
The stage at which leaves at eighteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
VT vegetative tasseling in maize (US cornbelt) (narrow)
1.18 17th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
The stage at which the axillary shoots are forming.
2 axillary Shoot Formation in soybean (related)
2 formation of axillary shoot in Solanaceae (related)
The stage at which fifteen nodes or fifteen internodes are visible.
3.15 15 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.15 fifteen nodes or internodes visible stage
OBSOLETE 5.02 20% of inflorescence emerged.
Rosette has reached approximately 70% of its final diameter.
late rosette growth in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at eight nodes are visible.
2.08 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 8 nodes in soybean (related)
2.08 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at eight nodes in Solanaceae (related)
3.09-main shoot and eight tillers (related)
eighth axillary shoot detectable (related)
main shoot and eight tillers in barley (related)
main shoot and eight tillers in oat (related)
main shoot and eight tillers in wheat (related)
main shoot and eighth tiller visible (related)
2.08 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at eight nodes stage
Stage at which rosette no longer increases in diameter, its leaf growth and expansion having ceased.
complete rosette in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage at which the internodes begin to elongate.
3.00 stem elongation begins in soybean (related)
4.01-pseudo stem erection in barley (related)
4.01-pseudo stem erection in oat (related)
4.01-pseudo stem erection in wheat (related)
4.2-panicle differentiation stage (related)
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at three nodes are visible.
2.03 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 3 nodes in soybean (related)
2.03 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at three nodes in Solanaceae (related)
3.04-main shoot and three tillers (related)
main shoot and third tiller visible (related)
main shoot and three tillers in barley (related)
main shoot and three tillers in oat (related)
main shoot and three tillers in wheat (related)
third axillary shoot detectable (related)
2.03 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at three nodes stage
Rosette has reached approximately 20% of its final diameter.
early rosette growth in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage at which leaves at twenty or more nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.20 19th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
1.21 20th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
1.22 21st trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
1.23 22nd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
1.24 23rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
1.25 25 or more trifoliolate leaves unfolded in soybean (related)
LP.20 twenty or more leaves whorls visible stage
The stage at which leaves at thirteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.13 12th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
13 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage at which ten nodes or ten internodes are visible.
3.10 10 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.10 ten nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which leaves at fourteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.14 13th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
14 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage at which five nodes or five internodes are visible.
3.05 5 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
4.06-fifth node detectable in barley (related)
4.06-fifth node detectable in oat (related)
4.06-fifth node detectable in wheat (related)
SE.05 five nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoot(s) at one node is (are) visible.
2.01 Main shoot and axillary shoot visible at one node in soybean (related)
2.01 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at one node in Solanaceae (related)
3.02-main shoot and one tiller (related)
Zadok scale-21, Feekes scale-2 (related)
first axillary shoot detectable (related)
main shoot and first tiller visible (related)
main shoot and one tiller in barley (related)
main shoot and one tiller in oat (related)
main shoot and one tiller in wheat (related)
2.01 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at one node stage
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at four nodes are visible.
2.04 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 4 nodes in soybean (related)
2.04 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at four nodes in Solanaceae (related)
3.05-main shoot and four tillers (related)
fourth axillary shoot detectable (related)
main shoot and four tillers in barley (related)
main shoot and four tillers in oat (related)
main shoot and four tillers in wheat (related)
main shoot and fourth tiller visible (related)
2.04 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at four nodes stage
The stage at which the internodes elongate.
04-stem elongation stage in Triticeae (related)
05-growing point differentiation (related)
3 rapid stem elongation in maize (related)
The stage at which thirteen nodes or thirteen internodes are visible.
3.13 13 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.13 thirteen nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which one node or one internode is visible.
3.01 one node visible in soybean (related)
3.1 ear initiation/mid-whorl stage (related)
4.02-first node detectable in barley (related)
4.02-first node detectable in oat (related)
4.02-first node detectable in wheat (related)
Zadok scale-31, Feekes scale-6 (related)
SE.01 one node or internode visible stage
The stage at which four nodes or four internodes are visible.
3.04 4 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
4.05-fourth node detectable in barley (related)
4.05-fourth node detectable in oat (related)
4.05-fourth node detectable in wheat (related)
SE.04 four nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at five nodes are visible.
2.05 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 5 nodes in soybean (related)
2.05 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at five nodes in Solanaceae (related)
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in Triticeae (related)
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in barley (related)
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in oat (related)
3.06-main shoot and five tillers in wheat (related)
fifth axillary shoot detectable (related)
main shoot and fifth tiller visible (related)
main shoot and five tillers in barley (related)
main shoot and five tillers in oat (related)
main shoot and five tillers in wheat (related)
2.05 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at five nodes stage
The stage at which leaves at one node, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.01 Unifoliolate leaves unfolded in soybean (related)
1.02-one to two leaves in maize (related)
2.02-first leaf unfolded in Triticeae (related)
2.02-first leaf unfolded in barley (related)
2.02-first leaf unfolded in oat (related)
2.02-first leaf unfolded in wheat (related)
LP.01 one leaf visible in Solanaceae (related)
Zadok scale-11, Haun scale-1.+ (related)
In the taxa with hypogeal type germination the first leaf on the epicotyl is leaf 1, and in grasses, the coleoptile is leaf 1. The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
The stage at which leaves at eight nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.08 7th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in Triticeae (related)
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in barley (related)
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in oat (related)
2.09-eight leaves unfolded in wheat (related)
8 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis (related)
LP.08 eight leaves visible in Solanaceae (related)
Triticeae eight leaves unfolded (related)
Zadok scale-18, Haun scale-7.+ (related)
The stage at which three nodes or three internodes are visible.
3.03 3 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
4.04-third node detectable in barley (related)
4.04-third node detectable in oat (related)
4.04-third node detectable in wheat (related)
SE.03 three nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which fourteen nodes or fourteen internodes are visible.
3.14 14 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.14 fourteen nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which leaves at two nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.02 First trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
2 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis (related)
2.03-two leaves unfolded in Triticeae (related)
2.03-two leaves unfolded in barley (related)
2.03-two leaves unfolded in oat (related)
2.03-two leaves unfolded in wheat (related)
LP.02 two leaves visible in Solanaceae (related)
Zadok scale-12, Haun scale-1.+ (related)
In grasses, the plant has one leaf plus the coleoptile. The leaves can be a single leaf, two, or whorls of leaves at each node.
The stage at which the flag leaf is visible.
06-flag leaf visible in sorghum (related)
4.08-flag leaf just visible in barley (related)
4.08-flag leaf just visible in oat (related)
4.08-flag leaf just visible in wheat (related)
Zadok scale-37, Feekes scale-8 (related)
The stage at which sixteen nodes or more, or sixteen internodes or more are visible.
3.16 16 or more nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.16 sixteen or more nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which leaves at nine nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.09 8th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in Triticeae (related)
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in barley (related)
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in oat (related)
2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded in wheat (related)
LP.09 nine or more leaves whorls visible (related)
OBSOLETE 5.04 40% of inflorescence emerged
The stage at which leaves at ten nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
10 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage at which leaves at fifteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.15 14th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
OBSOLETE 5.06 60% of inflorescence emerged
The stage at which leaves at three nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
02-three leaf stage in sorghum (related)
1.03 2nd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
1.03-three to four leaves in maize (related)
LP.03 three leaves visible in Solanaceae (related)
Zadok scale-13, Haun scale-2.+ (related)
OBSOLETE 5.08 80% of inflorescence emerged
The stage at which seven nodes or seven internodes are visible.
3.07 7 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.07 seven nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which maximum stem length is reached.
3.99 Maximum stem length reached in soybean (related)
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in barley (related)
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in oat (related)
4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible in wheat (related)
Zadok scale-39, Feekes scale-9 (related)
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at nine nodes or more are visible.
2.09 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 9 or more nodes in soybean (related)
2.09 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at nine or more nodes in Solanaceae (related)
3.10-main shoot and nine or more tillers in Triticeae (related)
main shoot and 9 or more tiller (related)
main shoot and nine or more tillers in barley (related)
main shoot and nine or more tillers in oat (related)
main shoot and nine or more tillers in wheat (related)
maximum number of tillers detectable in (related)
maximum number of tillers visible (related)
maximum number of tillers visible in rice (related)
nine or more axillary shoots detectable (related)
2.09 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at nine or more nodes stage
The stage at which twelve nodes or twelve internodes are visible.
3.12 12 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.12 twelve nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which vegetative structures are being produced by SAM.
1 main shoot growth in Solanaceae (related)
sorghum principal growth stage 1 (related)
In monocots each leaf stage is defined according to the uppermost leaf whose collar is visible (Handbook of plant and crop physiology).
Stages of growth based on expansion of the rosette in Arabidopsis.
The stage at which eleven nodes or eleven internodes are visible.
3.11 11 nodes/internodes visible in soybean (related)
SE.11 eleven nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which leaves at four nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.04 3rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
2.05-four leaves unfolded in Triticeae (related)
LP.04 four leaves visible in Solanaceae (related)
Zadok scale-14, Haun scale-3.+ (related)
The stage at which leaves at eleven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.11 10th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
11 rosette leaves in Arabidopsis (related)
3.02-late whorl stage in maize (related)
The stage at which two nodes or two internodes are visible.
3.02 2 nodes/internode visible in soybean (related)
4.03-second node detectable in barley (related)
4.03-second node detectable in oat (related)
4.03-second node detectable in wheat (related)
Zadok scale-32, Feekes scale-7 (related)
SE.02 two nodes or internodes visible stage
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at six nodes are visible.
2.06 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 6 nodes in soybean (related)
2.06 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at six nodes in Solanaceae (related)
3.07-main shoot and six tillers (related)
Zadok scale-26, Feekes scale-3 (related)
main shoot and six tillers in barley (related)
main shoot and six tillers in oat (related)
main shoot and six tillers in wheat (related)
sixth axillary shoot detectable (related)
2.06 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at six nodes stage
The stage at which leaves at sixteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.16 15th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
16 rosette leaf in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage at which leaves at nineteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.19 18th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
The stage at which main shoot and axillary shoots at seven nodes are visible.
2.07 Main shoot and axillary shoots visible at 7 nodes in soybean (related)
2.07 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at seven nodes in Solanaceae (related)
3.08-main shoot and seven tillers (related)
main shoot and seven tillers in barley (related)
main shoot and seven tillers in oat (related)
main shoot and seven tillers in wheat (related)
main shoot and seventh tiller visible (related)
seventh axillary shoot detectable (related)
2.07 main shoot and axillary shoots visible at seven nodes stage
The stage at which leaves at six nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.
1.06 5th trifoliolate leaf unfolded in soybean (related)
2.07-six leaves unfolded in Triticeae (related)
LP.06 six leaves visible in Solanaceae (related)
Zadok scale-16, Haun scale-5.+ (related)
7.2 milk stage/embryo 2 in maize (related)
A sporophyte development stage that occurs during the interval between the initiation of a sporangium and the onset of senescence.
sporophyte reproductively competent stage (exact)
B reproductive growth in Solanaceae (related)
A whole plant may continue developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) after it has entered the reproductive stage, and it may revert to a stage in which it is no longer producing sporangia, but once it has initiated a single sporangium, it remains in the reproductive stage until senescence or death by some other cause.
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) that succeeds the seed germination stage (PO:0007057) and terminates with the development of the first adult vascular leaf (PO:0006340).
This terms is used only for seed plants, although non-seed plants may have a comparable phase during which they produce juvenile or transition leaves.
A sporophyte development stage during which a sporophyte participates in a dormancy process.
A dormancy process (GO:0022611) is a developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. This term only applies to a whole plant in the sporophyte stage, not to the dormant stage of a seed, bud, or other plant structure. Dormancy of a plant may be preceded by the senescence of its parts such as leaves in woody plants or most of the shoot system herbaceous perennials and by the formation of dormant buds. The end of dormancy in a sporophyte is marked by resumed growth of buds and/or growth of vascular cambium. The dormant stage may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. Examples of a sporophyte dormant stage are the resurrection plants Selaginella lepidophylla (a lycopod) and Craterostigma plantagineum (an angiosperm) while they are dessicated, and deciduous woody plants and herbaceous perennials or biennials that have a dormant stage in response to drought or cold.
The stage at which the leaves produced by SAM are visible above the ground in a seedling or mature plant.
This stage is recommended over rosette growth or stem elongation as it is most easily observed and least ambiguous.
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0028002) that occurs during the interval between the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) and the formation of a sporangium (PO:0025094).
A vegetative growth in Solanaceae (related)
Succeeds a plant zygote stage (PO:0001097). A sporophyte may begin to senesce or die from other causes before producing sporangia. Developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) can also occur during the reproductive stage.
The stage involved in the directionality of expansion growth.
The stage at which the root cap becomes evident.
root cap formation in crown root. (related)
root cap formation in lateral root. (related)
root cap formation in primary root. (related)
The number and origin of root cap initials that form the root cap varies among species. The root cap initials become independent from the more internally located root meristem cells by an increase in the thickness of the cell wall that separates them.
OBSOLETE. The root initials divide repeatedly and add more cells
OBSOLETE A2.1 root intials differntiation of primary roots
The stage at which the initial cells of crown root primordium are formed in the innermost ground meristem cells by one or two periclinal divisions.
Crown root primordia formed endogenously opposite the collateral bundles in maize.
The stage at which root primordium originates and develops at specific locations in embryonic and post embryonic roots.
The stage at which a group of cells or initials that will differentiate into the primary root become organized in the embryo .
The stage at which the root vascular cylinder becomes evident.
The first identifiable region in the differentiating vascular cylinder is the pericycle. In the xylem the differentiation of the tracheary elements begins in a centrifugal direction but is completed in the centripetal direction. The first phloem elements mature before the first xylem elements.
root vascular cylinder differentiation stage
The stage at which the fully formed root emerges.
This stage at which the transverse divisions in pericycle cells form the initials of the lateral root primordium.
OBSOLETE. The root initials differentiate by cell division and cell expansion.
Crown root stages are based on rice plant. This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETE A2 root initials differentiation stage
The stage at which the root cortex becomes evident.
cortex differentiation of crown root. (related)
cortex differentiation of lateral root (related)
cortex differentiation of primary root. (related)
Repetitive periclinal divisions and radial enlargement of cells form the cortex layers, the innermost layers become the endodermis with the differentiation of casparian strips.
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the crown root becomes evident.
OBSOLETE B3 crown root meristem formation
The stage at which the root epidermis becomes evident.
epidermal differentiation of lateral root. (related)
epidermal differentiation of primary root (related)
epidermial differentiation of crown root. (related)
Root hairs come to full development beyond the region of elongation zone, approximately at the level where the xylem begins to mature.
The stage at which the lateral root emerges.
Starch grains can be seen in the root cap after emergence.
The stage at which the crown root emerges.
Crown root stages are based on rice plant.
The stage at which the root hairs becomes evident.
Benfey's stage 3 of root development (related)
Stages of development of a root defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
At present the stages are described for primary, lateral and crown roots and stages for adventitious root formed by wounding or hormone treatment is not described. Finer resolution of root stages has been kept in the obsolete node as they are not consistently used in the consulted literature. These terms will be reintroduced into the ontology when there is a specific user request.
OBSOLETE. Differentiation begins with the enlargement and vacuolation of the tracheary elements of the metaxylem.
metaxylem differentiation of crown root (related)
metaxylem differentiation of lateral root (related)
metaxylem differentiation of primary root (related)
These stages are based on Arabidopsis plant. This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETEC 3.1 metaxylem differentiation of root.
OBSOLETE. The root initial cells are established.
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the primary root becomes evident.
OBSOLETE B1 primary root meristem formation
The stage at which distinct tissues become organized.
Benfey's stage 1 of root development (related)
cell differentiation stage of root development (related)
establishment of fundamental organization in adventitious root (related)
establishment of fundamental organization in primary root. (related)
establishment of fundamental organization lateral root. (related)
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the root hairs are fully elongated.
The stage at which the root meristem becomes evident.
Characteristic differences in meristem organization have been related to taxonomic groups. Terms for developmental zones formation are available in the obsolete node, and they will be reintroduced in the ontology when there is a specific user request for them.
OBSOLETE. Radial expansion followed by subsequent periclinal divisions forms the pericycle-derived tissues.
OBSOLETE A2.2 root initials differentiation of lateral roots
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the emerged root starts to elongate.
emerged lateral root elongation (related)
emrged primary root elongation (related)
OBSOLETE. Radial expansion followed by subsequent periclinal divisions forms the isodiametric founder cell tissues.
OBSOLETE A2.3 founder cell derivatives of lateral root
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the roots hairs are initiated.
obsolete plant growth and development terms
OBSOLETE. The first protoxylem elements next to the pericycle develop secondary walls and mature.
maturation of protoxylem elements in crown root (related)
maturation of protoxylem elements in lateral root (related)
maturation of protoxylem elements in primary root (related)
OBSOLETE C3.3 maturation of protoxylem elements in root.
OBSOLETE. Initial cells of crown root primordium divide anticlinally and periclinally to form epidermis-endodermis initial, vascular-cylinder initial and root cap initial.
OBSOLETE A2.4 root initials differentiation of crown roots
OBSOLETE. After the formation of the apical-basal axis in the young embryo, the central and basal portion give rise to the root meristem.
Endogenously formed embryonic roots are exclusive to Poaceae. This term has been obsoleted to keep the structure simple.
OBSOLETE A1 root initials formation stage
OBSOLETE. the root primordium is visbile
OBSOLETE. The first phloem elements matures.
maturation phloem elements of crown root. (related)
maturation phloem elements of lateral root. (related)
maturation phloem elements of primary root. (related)
OBSOLETE C3.2 maturation of phloem elements in root.
OBSOLETE. The stage at which the meristem of the lateral root becomes evident.
OBSOLETE B2 lateral root meristem formation
A floral organ formation stage (PO:0025585) which begins with the differentiation of floral organs (PO:0025395) from the floral organ primordium (PO:0025477) and ends with the beginning of the flowering stage (PO:0007616).
3 floral organ development stages (related)
stage 6-12 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
During this stage, the process of floral organ development (GO:0048437) occurs, defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
A floral organ formation stage (PO:0025585) which begins with the development of the floral organ meristem (PO:0000229) from a portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and ends with the beginning of the floral organ primordium development stage (PO:0007602).
During this stage, the process of floral meristem growth (GO:0010451) occurs. This process is defined as the increase in size or mass of a floral meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant that gives rise to a flower.
A floral organ formation stage (PO:0025585) which begins with the appearance of the floral organ primordium (PO:0025477) and ends with the beginning of the floral organ differentiation stage (PO:0007600).
During this stage, the process of floral meristem determinacy (GO:0010582) occurs, where a floral meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate). This stage may be indicated by a slight indentation to the inflorescence meristem.
floral organ primordium development stage
A collective phyllome structure development stage (PO:0025578) that has as a primary participant a calyx (PO:0009060).
A collective phyllome structure development stage (PO:0025578) that has as a primary participant a corolla (PO:0009059).
A collective phyllome structure development stage (PO:0025578) that has as a primary participant an androecium (PO:0009061).
A collective phyllome structure development stage (PO:0025578) that has a primary participant a gynoecium (PO:0009062).
Stage of calyx development that begins when the sepal primordia arise.
Stage of corolla development that begins when the petal or petal-stamen primordia arise.
OBSOLETE. 50% of the absolute size of the sepals.
OBSOLETE. 100% of the absolute size of the sepals.
Stage of corolla development defined by differentiation and expansion of petal.
stage 10 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
stage 12 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
petal differentiation and expansion stage
Stage of corolla development when petal is fully expanded.
Stage of androecium development that begins when the stamens or petal-stamen primordia arise.
A reproductive shoot system development stage (PO:0025530) that occurs in an individual flower (PO:000904) during the interval between the onset of a flower meristem transition stage (PO:0025588) and the end of a flowering stage (PO:0007616).
flower development in Arabidopsis (related)
This term and its sub-classes apply to an individual flower (PO:000904). During this stage, a flower undergoes the process of flower development (GO:0009908), defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant flowering stage (PO:0007016).
A flower development stage (PO:0007615) that begins when pollen (PO:0025281) is released by anther dehiscence (GO:0009901) and/or the stigma (PO:0009073) is receptive and ends with the process of pollination (GO:0009856) and/or floral organ senescence (GO:0080187).
stage 13 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
stage 14 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
stage 15 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
stage 16 flower in Arabidopsis (related)
In most species, flowering stage (anthesis) is when the flower is open and ends with pollination. During this stage, the process of anther dehiscence (GO:0009901) usually occurs, defined as the dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it. This term applies to an individual flower (PO:000904).
Stage of gynoecium development that begins when the carpel primordia arise.
Stages of development of the ovule defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
ovule development in Arabidopsis (related)
Stage of ovule development that begins when the ovule primordia arise.
ovule stage 1-I in Arabidopsis (related)
A gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) during which the megagametophyte (PO:0025279) develops.
Although megaspore and megagametophyte development are normally separate, one spore producing one gametophyte, in some flowering plants a single gametophyte may be produced from two or four spores.
Stage of ovule development that begins when the integument primordia are visible.
ovule stage 2-II in Arabidopsis (related)
ovule stage 2-III in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage of megagametophyte development when the megaspore mother cell enlarges.
ovule stage 2-I in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage of megagametophyte development when the megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis.
ovule stage 2-IV in Arabidopsis (related)
B meiosis of megaspore mother cell stage
The product of meiosis of the megaspore mother cell.
ovule stage 2-V in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage of megagametophyte development when non-functional megaspores degenerate.
ovule stage 3-I in Arabidopsis (related)
In some plants more than one megaspore contributes to the megametophyte.
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are two nuclei.
ovule stage 3-II in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are four nuclei.
ovule stage 3-IV in Arabidopsis (related)
The stage of megagametophyte development when there are eight nuclei.
ovule stage 3-V in Arabidopsis (related)
Some plants do not form an eight nucleate megametophyte.
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) that occurs during the interval between the first cell division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) and one of the following: the beginning of the seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010).
The plant embryo stage generally starts after the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423), but in the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), and other embryos that arise through apogamy, it begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryo stage varies among taxa. No plant species undergoes all of the sub-stages of plant embryo development stage listed here.
Stage during which the seed storage products (storage proteins, lipids and starch) are being accumulated, either in the cotyledons or in the endosperm. Also, LEA proteins are accumulated and subsequently, a desiccation tolerant state is reached at the end of this stage.
seed maturation in Arabidopsis (related)
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is the end of a fruit (PO:0009001) distal from a fruit pedicel (PO:0004536).
porci&#243n distal del fruto (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is the end of a fruit (PO:0009001) proximal to a fruit pedicel (PO:0004536).
porci&#243n proximal del fruto (Spanish, exact)
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) in their specific arrangement in a fruit (PO:0009001).
sistema vascular del fruto (Spanish, exact)
A megasporangium exothecium (PO:0025312) that is the morphologically distinct outer layer of the nucellus (PO:0020020).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the morphologically distinct portion of the nucellus overlying the vascular strands in the grass caryopsis.
A portion of aleurone layer (PO:0005360) which is morphologically distinct and is located adjacent to the nucellar projection (PO:0008007).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the abaxial/lower portion of the nucellus (PO:0020020) overlying vascular strands in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104).
proyecci&#243n nucelar abaxial (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the adaxial/upper portion of the nucellus (PO:0020020) overlying vascular strands in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104).
proyecci&#243n nucelar adaxial (Spanish, exact)
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) .
sistema vascular del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a stigma (PO:0009073).
sistema vascular del estigma (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in an anther (PO:0009066).
sistema vascular de la antera (Spanish, exact)
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) in their specific arrangement in a filament (PO:0009067).
sistema vascular del filamento (Spanish, exact)
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that is part of a hypocotyl (PO:0020100).
sistema vascular del hipoc&#243tile (Spanish, exact)
A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of vegetative tissues and organs.
meristema vegetativo apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A more or less abrupt swelling, especially at the apex or base of a leaf sheath.
vaina del pulv&#237nulo de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A vascular leaf that is part of an heteroblastic series, and is characterized by anatomical features that are intermediate between juvenile and adult leaves.
維管束植物の幼葉と成熟葉の移行期の葉 (Japanese, exact)
Many species have juvenile leaves at the base of the stem, adult leaves at the apex, and transition leaves in between. In maize, juvenile leaves are at the tip of the stalk (stem), which differentiates first, with adult leaves at the base, while other grasses may have other arrangements. Transition leaves may have mosaics of juvenile and adult tissues, as in Brachypodium.
The region of the leaf lamina proximal to the stem and usually connected to it by means of a petiole.
base de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Region that includes the widest or majority portion of leaf lamina and that does not include leaf apex and leaf lamina base.
zona central de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) arising from a secondary leaf vein (PO:0020140).
Vein orders only apply to hierarchically branching vein patterns, not to dichotomously branching vein patterns, as found in some ferns and gymnosperms.
A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) arising from a tertiary leaf vein (PO:0008021).
A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) arising from a quaternary (PO:0008022) or other higher order leaf vein.
fifth and higher order leaf vein (related)
The region of the petiole proximal to its stem attachment site.
extremo proximal del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
Regions of the petiole that does not include petiole distal end and petiole proximal end.
zona central del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
The region of the petiole distal to its stem attachment site or proximal to the leaf lamina.
extremo distal del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of petiole epidermis (PO:0000051) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a petiole (PO:0020038).
epidermis adaxial del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs.
meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of petiole epidermis (PO:0000051) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a petiole (PO:0020038).
epidermis abaxial del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is part of a multicellular trichome (PO:0000282).
This term was made obsolete because it is a sub-cellular component. New term unicellular trichome branch (GO:0090405) has been added to GO. For cell that is a branch of a multicellular trichome, see multicellular trichome branch cell (PO:0025163).
A plant anatomical space that forms an opening in an epidermis, flanked by two guard cells.
The size of the stomatal pore is variable and controlled by movement of the guard cells in response to environmental cues.
OBSOLETE. A cluster of leaves in crowded circles or spirals arising basally from a crown.
This term was made obsolete, because its definition did not match the new ontology structure as a child of collective phyllome structure. Annotations for this term are now associated with the new term collective leaf structure (PO:0025022).
A meristem forming the core of the axis composed of the primary vascular tissues and associated ground tissue, such as pith and interfascicular regions.
A portion of meristem tissue that forms the cortex.
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the seedling development stage (PO:0007131).
A young plant derived from a newly germinated seed, up until the development of the first true leaf.
OBSOLETE: A root primordium that will develop into an adventitious root.
primordio de la ra&#237z adventicia (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete because the PO does not have a distinct term for adventitious root. It is replaced by basal root primordium (PO:0025479) and shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480).
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128)that develops from a lodicule anlagen (PO:0025483) and is committed to the development of a lodicule (PO:0009036).
portion of lodicule primordium tissue (exact)
primordio del lod&#237culo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis internode elongation zone (PO:0025100) that is part of a stem internode (PO:0009047).
zona de elongaci&#243n del internodo del tallo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot internode differentiation zone that is part of a stem internode.
zona de diferenciaci&#243n del internodo del tallo (Spanish, exact)
Primary, not secondary, tissue differentiation occurs in a differentiation zone.
OBSOLETE. A portion of shoot epidermis that is part of the floral organs.
This term was made obsolete. Its former children were classified as children of either epidermis, phyllome epidermis or shoot epidermis.
OBSOLETE. An opening pore on the epidermis of floral organs bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.
complejo estom&#225tico floral (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete and replaced by the stomatal complexes of individual floral organs, such as petal stomatal complex or sepal stomatal complex.
OBSOLETE. One of a pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore of floral organs.
c&#233lula guardiana floral (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete and replaced by guard cell (PO:0000293) which can be post-composed with individual floral organs, such as petal or sepal.
OBSOLETE. A stomatal pore that is part of a floral stomatal complex.
poro estom&#225tico floral (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete and replaced by stomatal pore (PO:0008032), which can be post-composed with individual floral organs, such as petal or sepal.
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that is part of a scutellum (PO:0020110).
sistema vascular de escutelo (Spanish, exact)
A continuous layer of cylindrical cells covering the endosperm side of the scutellum. Thought to act as a secretory and absorptive organ.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) at the apex or base of a petiole, petiolule, leaf sheath, or branch that is differentiated from the remaining organ parts by its enlarged cross section.
Often glandular. Often involved in movement of a plant structure in response to touch, gravity or light. In panicoid grasses a swollen region in the stem above the intercalary meristem. Such a definition would also include stems of Chloranthaceae, Acanthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, etc. [source: APweb:Glossary].
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010).
A fruit (PO:0009001) may contain additional plant structures (PO:0009011) that were part of a flower (PO:0009046) and mature along with the gynoecium, such as a receptacle (PO:0009064). A fruit may develop without fertilization in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions and may not always contain seeds (PO:0009010). When annotating to fruit (PO:0009001) that are referred to as ‘aggregate’, ‘multiple’, or ‘compound’, please annotate directly to the appropriate plant structure, such as receptacle, hypanthium (PO:0009065) or infructescence (PO:0006342). Fruits only occur in angiosperms.
A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011).
Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall.
OBSOLETE. A plant structure that is a product of fertilization and produces spores through meiosis.
Replace_by whole plant (PO: PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development phase (PO:0028003). Structures that only occur in sporophyte should have participates_in relation to sporophytic development phase.
OBSOLETE. A plant structure that arises through meiosis and may produce gametes by mitosis.
Replace_by whole plant in the gametophyte phase (PO:0028002). The gametophyte arises from the product of meiosis (the spore). Structures that occur only in gametophytes should have a participates_in relation to the gametophyte phase.
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately.
Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them.
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types.
porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts.
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path.
Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003).
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631).
A plant embryo is generally formed after the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423), but in the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), and other embryos that arise through apogamy, it begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryo stage varies among taxa; the beginning of a seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010).
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088).
A seed generally develops from an ovule (PO:0020003) after fertilization, but may develop without fertilization in the case of apogamy (e.g., adventitious embryos or somatic embryos). A seed is a reproductive unit of seed plants (gymnosperms, angiosperms, and fossil pteridosperms).
A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes.
etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
plant growth and development stage (exact)
Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth.
OBSOLETE. A portion of plant tissue that covers the surface of the plant.
This term is redundant with epidermis and will be obsoleted. Move annotations to epidermis.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as part one or more tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or sieve elements (PO:0025406).
porci&#243n de tejido vascular (Spanish, exact)
Functions in conduction and support. In shoot axes (PO:0025029), vascular tissue is often found as part of a shoot axis stele (PO:0025198) or as scattered vascular bundles (PO:0005020). May include other types of tissues or cells, such as parenchyma (PO:0005421) or fiber cells (PO:0025407).
OBSOLETE. Tissues other than the vascular tissues, epidermis and the periderm.
Replaced by portion of ground tissue (). Uninformative definition. Check it again.
A pulvinus (PO:0009000) of an inflorescence branch (PO:0009081).
pulv&#237nulo ramificado de una inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A transfer cell that is part of a basal endosperm transfer layer.
c&#233lula de transferencia del endosperma basal (Spanish, exact)
Responsible for transferring nutrients to an embryo by symplastic or apoplastic methods.
OBSOLETE. A cell layer found in basal endosperm transfer cell.
capa de transferencia del endosperma basal obsoleto (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete because the definition was wrong. Replace by new term with same name but corrected definition.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035).
The cells of the meristem L1 layer divide in a strictly anticlinical fashion.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) directly beneath a meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020) in a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) which gives rise to ground tissue (PO:0025059).
Cells in the first subepidermal layer, the L2, divide in a largely anticlinal fashion, forming a completely separate population of cells from the other cell layers. Within developing organs, the meristem L2 layer divides anticlinally and periclinally.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) beneath a meristem L2 layer (PO:0009021) in a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) which gives rise to internal tissues of leaf and stem.
The meristem L3 layer cells frequently divide in various orientations.
An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a leaf that branches from the shoot axis.
A leaf (PO:0025034) in a vascular plant.
Has vascular tissue. From APweb Glossary: In angiosperms, commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the seed plant body, a structure usually of determinate growth, without secondary thickening, and of superficial origin, often flattened and photosynthetic in part, and in the axil of which is found a bud. Occurs in the sporophytic phase of a plant life cycle.
A leaf-like organ on which one or more sporangia are borne.
A structure upon which (or in the axil of which) one or more megasporangia are borne; in flowering plants, a carpel.
A structure on which one or more microsporangia are borne; in flowering plants, the stamen.
A microsporophyll bearing one or more microsporangia.
A megasporophyll, almost always at the center of a flower, its margins more or less fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule(s).
In some cases, a gynoecium (PO:0009062) may consist of only one carpel, in which case annotations should go on carpel (PO:0009030). The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium, but if a gynoecium consists of a single carpel, then pistil may be used synonymously with carpel. If carpels are fused, the gynoecium is a syncarpous gynoecium, as in Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. If carpels are free, the gynoecium is an apocarpous gynoecium, as in Fabaceae. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is usually green, and is part of the calyx (PO:0009060).
In some species the sepals (PO:0009031) may not be green for example many members of the Liliaceae family.
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is part of the corolla (PO:0009059), and is usually colored (not green).
In some species the petal (PO:0009032) may not be colored.
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is part of a perianth (PO:0009058) where it is not possible to distinguish between the petals (PO:0009032) and sepals (PO:0009031).
There is no differentiation between the petals (PO:0009032) and the sepals (PO:0009031) in color, placement, and size (e.g. some species of Magnolia).
A bract (PO:0009055) that subtends a perianth (PO:0009058) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046).
A portion of secretory tissue (PO:0005656) which is a multicellular glandular structure secreting a liquid containing organic substances, including sugars.
A phyllome that is part of a grass floret and is one of two or three tiny scales or flaps of tissue outside the stamens.
May represent a reduced floral structure. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type, if known. Choose the most specific term possible from: ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
The lower, usually larger, of the pair of flower bracts (PO:0009034) enclosing a (PO:0009082) spikelet floret.
lemma del florete del penacho (borla) o de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
lemma of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
lemma of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
lemma of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
lemma of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
lemma of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
lemma of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
lemma of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
lemma of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
A lemma (PO:0009037) and palea (PO:0009038) enclose an individual spikelet floret (PO:0009082). The lemma is usually the larger of the two. Since it is not clear what the lemma and palea correspond to in conventional flowers, no assumptions of homology are made. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea species an annotation can also be made to the more specific floret type, if known. Choose the most specific term possible from: ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). Found in Found in Poaceae, Cyperaceae and other Poales.
The upper (distal), usually smaller, of the pair of flower bracts (PO:0009034) enclosing a (PO:0009082) spikelet floret.
palea of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (exact)
palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
palea of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
palea of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
palea of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
A lemma (PO:0009037) and palea (PO:0009038) enclose an individual spikelet floret (PO:0009082). The palea is usually the smaller of the two. Since it is not clear what the lemma and palea correspond to in conventional flowers, no assumptions of homology are made. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea species an annotation can also be made to the more specific floret type, if known. Choose the most specific term possible from: ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). Found in Found in Poaceae, Cyperaceae and other Poales.
One of a pair of inflorescence bracts that is part of a spikelet and subtends the two florets.
Found in Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Glumes subtend the pair of florets while a lemma or palea subtend the individual florets.
A flower bract in the position of a lemma, but not enclosing floral organs.
An undeveloped androecium or gynoecium may or may not be detectable. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding spikelet type, if known. Choose the most specific term possible from: ear spikelet (PO:0006320), ear pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006348), ear sessile spikelet (PO:0006349), tassel spikelet (PO:0006309), tassel pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006312), tassel sessile spikelet (PO:0006311).
A lemma that encloses a functional flower, with androecium, gynoecium or both.
If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding spikelet type, if known. Choose the most specific term possible from: ear spikelet (PO:0006320), ear pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006348), ear sessile spikelet (PO:0006349), tassel spikelet (PO:0006309), tassel pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006312), tassel sessile spikelet (PO:0006311).
A phyllome that is the first organ or one of the first two organs formed at the base of an axillary shoot, often smaller and/or in a distinctively different position from leaves formed subsequently.
A prophyll is not classified as a vascular leaf, because it may not have a fully developed vascular system.
A prophyll (PO:0009042) which is borne singly or in pairs on a pedicel (PO:0030112).
Sac-like bract subtending the pistillate flower, as in Carex.
ペリギニウム、果胞、造卵器群やそれから発生した胞子体の周辺の組織が発達し肉厚で筒状となった構造 (Japanese, exact)
An inflorescence bract (PO:0009054) of an involucre (PO:0009100).
Involucre are found in plant families such as Asteraceae or Compositeae.
A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part.
The characteristic reproductive structure of angiosperms. May have as part one or more petals, sepals or tepals. May contain one or more pistillode (PO:0009078), staminode (PO:0009077) or other aborted organs that don't show up in mature form.
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant.
A stem often bears leaves and buds. It is usually above ground, and is more or less negatively geotropic.
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as parts all of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and flowers (PO:0009046; must have two or more) distal to the most distal leaf (PO:0009025).
An inflorescence is a reproductive shoot system from which at least two flowers develop. The growth pattern of an inflorescence may be monopodial (single main shoot axis), sympodial (growth only occurs from axillary meristems), or both. An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) can be determinate or indeterminate. An inflorescence flower pedicel (PO:0009052) is the ultimate axis in an inflorescence. The flower (PO:0009046) of many plants, for example Magnolia spp., is solitary.
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that is the ultimate and congested, higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) of the grasses.
It consists of one to many closely-packed spikelet florets (PO:0009082) and associated glumes (PO:0009039).
A flower pedicel (PO:0030113) that bears a flower (PO:0009046) in an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
An inflorescence flower pedicel is the ultimate shoot axis (PO:0025029) in an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
A shoot axis that extends from the last foliage leaf on a stem or branch until the next distal node.
In plants with single flowers, the peduncle ends with a flower. In plants with inflorescences, the peduncle is the basal end of the primary inflorescence axis, and it ends where the inflorescence begins to branch. The peduncle marks the axial transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In branching inflorescences, the second order inflorescence axis from the point at which it leaves the main axis up to the point at which it branches again may be called the second order peduncle. Higher order peduncles are also possible.
A bract (PO:0009055) subtending a branch of the inflorescence (PO:0009049) or borne on the inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) below any branch (PO:0025073) or flower (PO:0009046).
br&#225ctea de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
Includes the leaf subtending and acting as outer envelope of an ear in Zea mays.
A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure.
Usually different from leaves. Often used to refer to a floral bract, but includes other kinds of bracts.
A nectary (PO:0009035) occurring on a floral organ (PO:0025395) or other part of a flower (PO:0009046).
A flower nectary may occur on a sepal (PO:0009031), petal (PO:0009032), stamen (PO:0009029), plant ovary (PO:0009072), or receptacle (PO:0009064).
A nectary (PO:0009035), not occurring on a floral organ (PO:0025395) or other part of a flower (PO:0009046).
An extrafloral nectary may occur on vegetative plant structures (PO:0009011) such as a stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0009025), petiole (PO:0020038), stipule (PO:0020041) or flower pedicel (PO:0009052).
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that includes as parts the corolla (PO:0009059) and/or the calyx (PO:0009060); or one or more tepals (PO:0009033).
The perianth can consist of only the corolla (PO:0009059), only the calyx (PO:0009060) or it may have both structures in a complete flower. If the petals (PO:0009032) and sepals (PO:0009031) are indistinguishable from one another, the perianth consists of just a collective tepal structure (PO:0025021), composed of one or more tepals (PO:0009033), for example in tulip or lily flowers.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that is composed of one or more petals (PO:0009032), comprising the inner whorl of non-reproductive floral organs (PO:0025395) and surrounds the androecium (PO:0009061) and the gynoecium (PO:0009062).
The corolla (PO:0009059) is part of the perianth (PO:0009058). This definition is based on the complete flower, which has all four whorls. In many species, and in mutants one or more of the whorls may be missing. The corolla (PO:0009059) often functions to attract pollinators.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that is composed of one or more sepals (PO:0009031), and comprises the outer whorl of non-reproductive floral organs (PO:0025395).
The calyx is part of the perianth (PO:0009058). This definition is based on the perfect flower, which has all four whorls. In many species, and in mutants one or more of the whorls are missing.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the stamens (PO:0009029) in a flower (PO:0009046).
androecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (exact)
androecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
The androecium also has as parts any staminodes (PO:0009077) that may be present in a flower. If annotating gene expression to an androecium with a single stamen (PO:0009029), the annotation should go on stamen. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). The development of an androecium in an ear floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state, while the development of an androecium in a tassel floret leads to a functional androecium.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046).
gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
If annotating gene expression to a gynoecium with a single carpel (PO:0009030), the annotation should go on carpel. A gynoecium with two or more carpels may be either syncarpous (carpels fused) or apopcarpous (carpels free) or the carpels may be partially fused. The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium for a synocarpous gynoecium, and synonymously with carpel for an apocarpous gynoecium, whether it has one or more carpels. In Zea mays, gynoecia of tassel florets and of the lower florets of ear spikelets usually do not develop fully, and they are present in a rudimentary state. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed of two or more phyllomes immediately outside the calyx (PO:0009060).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the region at the distal end of either a peduncle or a pedicel where the floral appendages (e.g.: sepals, petals, stamens and pistils) are attached.
The fleshy part of a strawberry develops from a receptacle.
A cup- or tube-shaped cardinal organ part, bearing perianth and stamens on its rim, so these arise above the base, and often above the top, of the ovary.
花床筒 、いちじく状花序 i.e.hypanthodium (Japanese, exact)
Only bears stamens or perianth segments if they are present in the flower (e.g., no stamens in a carpellate flower).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that is the pollen-bearing part of a stamen (PO:0009029).
Generally consists of four pollen sacs (microsporangia) in two anther thecas. If you are annotating to anther or one of its parts for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A stalk (PO:0025066) that is part of a stamen (PO:0009029).
Supports the anthers. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
The part of the stamen that connects the microsporangia/pollen sacs.
If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that is part of an anther (PO:0009066) and consists of a pair of sporangia (PO:0025094) that dehisce down a common slit.
OBSOLETE. A microsporangium in an angiosperm that is a cavity in an anther that contains pollen grains.
This term was made obsolete because the definition was incorrect. Replaced by PO:0025277.
A microsporangium tapetum (PO:0025314) that is part of an anther wall (PO:0000002).
portion of anther wall tapetal tissue (exact)
Develops from a primary or secondary parietal cell layer. Innermost part of the anther wall, involved in the nutrition of the pollen. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is the basal portion of a carpel (PO:0009030) or group of fused carpels (gynoecium; PO:0009062) and encloses the plant ovule(s) (PO:0020003).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), usually apical, that is part of a carpel (PO:0009030) or group of fused carpels on which the pollen (PO:0025281) germinates.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) which is an elongated part of a carpel (PO:0009030) or gynoecium (PO:0009062) between the plant ovary (PO:0009072) and the stigma (PO:0009073), and through which the pollen tube (GO:0090406) grows.
If you are annotating to this structure for grasses, please also add an annotation to spikelet floret (PO:0009082). For Zea spp. please use silk (PO:0006488).
OBSOLETE. A controlled vocabulary to describe the various plant parts and the growth and developmental stages.
The axis of the spikelet, above the glumes.
raquilla de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of an inflorescence axis (PO:0020122).
A higher order inflorescence axis is any inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) that develops from another inflorescence axis (PO:0020122), and is named according to its position in an inflorescence (PO:0009049). Tenth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025111) is the greatest specific inflorescence axis order in the PO; when mapping annotations to inflorescence axes which are of an order greater than ten, or when order is ambiguous or unknown, annotate directly to higher order inflorescence axis.
A small flower (PO:0009046) that is part of a spikelet (PO:0009051).
florete de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
A spikelet floret (PO:0009082) is enclosed by one or both the flower bracts (PO:0009034); lemma (PO:0009037) and palea (PO:0009038) and also includes a lodicule (PO:0009036). To describe a floret of the Asteraceae, use ray flower (PO:0025331) or disk flower (PO:0025332). Found in Poaceae, Cyperaceae and other Poales.
OBSOLETE. Aggregation of gamete producing structures.
estructuras reproductivas (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the outer layer (wall) of a fruit (PO:0009001), and develops from a plant ovary (PO:0009072) or a carpel (PO:0009030) wall.
Pericarp comprises endocarp (PO:0009086), mesocarp (PO:0009087), and exocarp (PO:0009085) layers, each of which can be fleshy or dry. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to the specific type of fruit (PO:0009001), such as achene fruit (PO:0030107), berry fruit (PO:0030108), capsule fruit (PO:0030091), caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104), drupe fruit (PO:0030103), follicle fruit (PO:0030105), legume fruit (PO:0030100), nut fruit (PO:0030102), samara fruit (PO:0030099), schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098), silique fruit (PO:0030106), or their subclasses, depending on the species.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the outer layer of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the innermost differentiated layer of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the middle layer of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
A portion of plant tissue that is the covering of a seed derived from ovular - mainly integumentary - tissue.
Used only when not specified more precisely; see testa, tegmen.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) which is a maximal portion of nutritive plant tissue in a seed (PO:0009010).
In angiosperms the endosperm is usually triploid and formed after fertilization by the fusion of one gamete with the polar nucleus (GO:0043078); sometimes diploid or polyploid.
An arilloid that is an outgrowth of a seed from a seed funicle.
Usually envelopes most of the seed and is fleshy. If the ovule is pressed against the funicle to form a raphe, it may appear that the aril is growing from the raphe.
unidad de dispersi&#243n madura (Spanish, exact)
A collective phyllome structure composed of two or more involucral bracts at the base of a cluster of flowers, as found in Asteraceae or Compositae.
The burs or bristles in Cenchrus and Pennisetum are not involucres because the fused structures are branches and not bracts.
The long branch that arise from the central spike of tassel in maize.
ramificaci&#243n lateral larga del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
The very short branch that may arise from either or both the long lateral branch and the central spike of tassel in maize.
ramificaci&#243n corta del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
The meristem present on either or both the long lateral branch and central spike of a maize tassel that gives rise to short tassel branch.
meristema de la ramificaci&#243n corta del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
third order tassel branch meristem (related)
The meristem that gives rise to the long lateral branch in the maize tassel.
meristema de la ramificaci&#243n larga del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
second order tassel branch meristem (related)
An inflorescence meristem (PO:0009108) that gives rise to a higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081).
meristema lateral de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
Meristem that gives rise to the apical and lateral structures of the tassel inflorescence in maize.
meristema del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
An inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) that gives rise to the long lateral tassel branch (PO:0009101), short tassel branch (PO:0009102), and tassel spikelets (PO:0006309) in a tassel inflorescence (PO:0020126).
meristema lateral del penacho (borla) (Spanish, exact)
A reproductive shoot apical meristem that gives rise to the apical growth of the inflorescence. It develops from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) after it undergoes transition from vegetative to reproductive phase.
meristema apical de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
The meristem which gives rise to the female inflorescence or ear in maize.
An inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) that gives rise to a higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) of an ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
meristema de la espiga lateral (Spanish, exact)
pulv&#237nulo del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is the axial part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
Has as parts a hypocotyl, a root meristem and a radicle, if any of these are present.
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a fleshy outgrowth of a seed (PO:0009010).
Often conspicuous and found on seeds with a hard testa that are dispersed by animals. There is some variation in how different sources define the subtypes of arilloids.
An arilloid that is an outgrowth of a seed on a raphe.
A plug-like structure formed in the micropylar region of the seed coat.
op&#233rculo de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
portion of seed operculum tissue (exact)
A portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue that is a distinct ring-like structure composed of tracheids (PO:0000301), that is part of a seed (PO:0009010) and surrounds the hilum (PO:0020063) and forms a groove in the surface of the pericarp (PO:0009084) immediately adjacent to the hilum.
A portion of placenta tissue (PO:0025078) which is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072), and to which plant ovary ovules (PO:0025490) are attached.
An microsporangium endothecium (PO:0025309) that part of an anther wall (PO:0000002).
endotecio de la pared the la antera (Spanish, exact)
May have secondary thickening of walls of cells that are involved in anther dehiscence. There can be more than one layer in an anther endothecium. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006).
A seed (PO:0009010) develops from a plant ovule. In angiosperms, a plant ovule is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072). In conifers, a plant ovule is part of an ovuliferous scale (add term). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
An microsporangium exothecium (PO:0025311) that is part of an anther wall (PO:0000002).
exotecio de la pared de la antera (Spanish, exact)
Often with thickened cell walls. Involved in anther dehiscence. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a connective and projects into a pollen sac.
A stalk (PO:0025066) that attaches a plant ovule (PO:0020003) to a placenta (PO:0025078).
If you are annotating to this structure for an angiosperm, please add an additional annotation to plant ovary ovule (PO:0025490). If you are annotating to this structure for an gymnosperm, please add an additional annotation to ovuliferous scale ovule (PO:0025491). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
OBSOLETE. The outer layer of the pollen grain wall, highly resistant to strong acids and bases, and composed primarily of sporopollenin.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043668.
OBSOLETE. The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043669.
OBSOLETE. The inner part of the exine, which stains.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043671.
OBSOLETE. The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043672.
OBSOLETE. The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043673.
OBSOLETE. The layer of sexine, which forms a roof over the columellae, granules or other infratectal elements.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043676,
OBSOLETE. A rod-like element of the sexine/ectexine, either supporting the tectum or a caput.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043674.
elementos de la escultura (Spanish, exact)
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043675.
OBSOLETE. The inner layer of the ectexine.
capa basal del grano de polen (Spanish, exact)
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043670.
OBSOLETE. The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall, underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm, not acetolysis resistant and is therefore absent in conventionally prepared palynological material.
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043678.
OBSOLETE. Area through which the pollen imports the nutrition during its development, at the time of pollen germination, the pollen tube emerges through it.
poro de germinaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043677.
The larger, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a heterosporous plant, and on germination giving rise to the female gametophyte (embryo sac).
A megasporangium (PO:0025201) in a seed plant, composed of fleshy subepidermal tissue that is part of a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and surrounds a megasporocyte (PO:0000431).
In seed plants, the megaspores and megagametophyte are retained within the nucellus. If you are annotating to this structure for an angiosperm, please add an additional annotation to plant ovary ovule (PO:0025490). If you are annotating to this structure for an gymnosperm, please add an additional annotation to ovuliferous scale ovule (PO:0025491). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that covers a plant ovule (PO:0020003), enveloping a nucellus (PO:0020020) and forming a micropyle (PO:0020025) at the apex.
A plant ovule integument (PO:0020021) which is the innermost of the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule (PO:0020003), contiguous to the nucellus (PO:0020020) and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle (PO:0020025) at the apex.
A plant ovule integument (PO:0020021) which is the outermost the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule (PO:0020003), contiguous to the nucellus (PO:0020020) and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle (PO:0020025) at the apex.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) which is composed of cells of the inner epidermis of the inner (or only) integument of the ovule that are radially elongated and metabolically very active.
A plant anatomical space (PO:0025117) that is enclosed by and forms an opening in an integument at the apex of a plant ovule (PO:0020003).
The micropyle originates as an opening in the integuments of an ovule through which the pollen tube usually enters the embryo sac. In a mature seed the micropyle may remain visible as an occluded pore or may be obliterated. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the region in a plant ovule (PO:0020003) where the integuments (PO:0020021) and the nucellus (PO:0020020) join with the funicule (PO:0020006).
カラザ（合点）=珠心と珠皮が珠柄につながるところ、珠孔の反対側 (Japanese, exact)
The chalaza is recognized as the region which initiates the two integuments at its flank. If you are annotating to this structure for an angiosperm, please add an additional annotation to plant ovary ovule (PO:0025490). If you are annotating to this structure for an gymnosperm, please add an additional annotation to ovuliferous scale ovule (PO:0025491). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is a ridge on a plant ovule (PO:0020003) where a funicle (PO:0020006) is or was fused to the ovule.
If you are annotating to this structure for an angiosperm, please add an additional annotation to plant ovary ovule (PO:0025490). If you are annotating to this structure for an gymnosperm, please add an additional annotation to ovuliferous scale ovule (PO:0025491).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the part of a plant ovule (PO:0020003) on the opposite side from a raphe (PO:0020027).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) which is an outgrowth of the funicle, that forms a bridge between the micropyle and other tissues.
Most commonly arising from the funicle, also developing from placenta, integument, etc.
A vascular leaf (PO:0009025) formed at the first shoot node (PO:0005004) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
An embryo root (PO:0000045) that is the basal continuation of a hypocotyl (PO:0020100) in a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
May develop into the primary root (PO:0020127) and eventually the root system (PO:0025025) of an adult plant. Sometimes abortive.
The shoot apex (PO:0000037) of the plant embryo (PO:0009009), above the cotyledonary node (PO:0025321).
A sheath-like plant organ (PO:0009008) that surrounds the plumule (PO:0020032) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or the emerging shoot apex (PO:0000037) of a seedling.
The coleoptile is an outgrowth or part of the scutellum (PO:0020110) (which is a modified, haustorial cotyledon (PO:0020030)). Develops separate from the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). Found in Poaceae and other monocotyledons such as Zingiberaceae. Protects the emerging shoot system (PO:0009006) as it grows through the soil.
A sheath-like plant organ (PO:0009008) that surrounds the radicle (PO:0020031) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or the emerging root (PO:0009005) of a seedling (PO:0000003).
Found in Poaceae and some other monocots as well as some gymnosperms. Protects the emerging radicle in a plant embryo or seedling. The parenchyma cells of both the coleorhiza and epiblast may function in storage.
The first stem internode (PO:0020142) above the cotyledonary node (PO:0025321) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is a flap-like projection of the coleorhiza (PO:0020034), inserted opposite the scutellum (PO:0020110).
The parenchyma cells of both the coleorhiza and epiblast may function in storage. Some researchers consider the epiblast and coleorhiza independent structures that differentiate from the same proembryonic tissue.
A stem internode (PO:0020142) that is the part of a plant embryo axis (PO:0019018) or a seedling stem (PO:0009047) above the scutellum (PO:0020110) and below the coleoptile (PO:0020033).
Occurs in grasses. In grasses, the hypocotyl and cotyledon may not be visible and may be represented by the scutellar node and scutellum, making the mesocotyl similar to the epicotyl in other taxa. Elongation of the mesocotyl during seedling growth pushes the coleoptile above the soil surface.
A stalk (PO:0025066) of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
A phyllome lamina (PO:0025396) that is the part of a leaf (PO:0025034) exclusive of the petiole (PO:0020038) or leaf sheath (PO:0020104), if either is present.
A leaf lamina is usually dorsiventrally flattened, but may be flattened in a median plant (perpendicular to the axis) in the case of phyllodes (PO:0025335) or other ensiform leaves (PO:0025333). This term should not be used for leaves that are not laminar (flat), like round leaves in Allium or needle-like leaves in Pinus or some Proteaceae. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A phyllome base (PO:0025140) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034).
A cardinal organ part that is an appendage at the base of a vascular leaf.
Usually one of a pair of appendages. May take the form of a spine (PO:0025174) or may be bristled or brush-like. Stipules may occur on the opposite side of the shoot axis from the leaf they are associated with, but they are still thought to arise from part of the leaf.
A leaf in which the lamina is undivided.
A leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development.
The unifacial terete apical portion of a monocot cotyledon, sometimes also visible on other leaves.
A once-compound leaf with leaflets borne along a rachis.
The total number of leaflets may be even or odd, in which case the leaf is called even-pinnate or odd-pinnate respectively.
A once-compound leaf divided into several leaflets which arise at the same point, there being no rachis.
A sporocyte (PO:0006204) that produces four haploid (1n) microspores (PO:0020048).
The smaller, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a heterosporous plant, and on germination giving rise to the male gametophyte.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf (PO:0020043).
Stipule-like appendage(s) at the base of a leaflet (in unifoliolate or simple leaves, found at the top of the petiole).
OBSOLETE. Literally a large leaf, a leaf of any size whose vascular supply leaves one or more gaps as it departs from the stem vascular tissue.
OBSOLETE. Literally a small leaf, a leaf of any size in which any vascular trace supplying it does not interrupt the central vascular cylinder when it departs, i.e. there are no leaf gaps.
A scale leaf that surrounds a dormant or perennating bud.
A stalk (PO:0025066) that is the main axis of a pinnate or more highly compound leaf, that bears leaflets or divisions of the axis.
That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner integument.
内種子(internal seed coat, inner seed coat, secundine) (Japanese, exact)
That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer integument, or from the single integument when there is only one.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) which is diploid nutritive tissue in an angiosperm seed derived from nucellar tissue.
OBSOLETE. Complex wall surrounding the micrsopore.
pared del grano de polen (Spanish, exact)
This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043667.
An arilloid that is an outgrowth of a seed next to the micropyle.
Often hard and generally smaller and less elaborate than a arillode.
A portion of seed coat epidermis (PO:0006048) that consists of multiple seed trichomes (PO:0004511) at the seed micropyle (PO:0006334).
A cardinal organ part that is an oil-secreting outgrowth of a seed or fruit.
May be a modified arilloid (a type of strophiole or caruncle) or may be an outgrowth of a fruit. May be attractive to ants and aid in dispersal.
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a scar on a seed (PO:0009010) at the place where it was attached to a funicle (PO:0020006).
OBSOLETE. Fruit that breaks open at maturity to release the contents.
OBSOLETE. Fruit that does not open at maturity.
OBSOLETE. The fruit may be derived from monocarpellate or multicarpellate gynoecia. Their walls may consist of the pericarp or of pericarp fused with extracarpellary tissue. The outer part of the fruit wall or the entire fruit wall may become fleshy by differentiating into soft, succulent parenchyma. Parts other than the wall such as placentae and partitions in multilocular ovaries may become fleshy.
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) which is one carpellate unit of a schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098) consisting of pericarp (PO:0009084) and one or more seeds (PO:0009010).
A mericarp develops from one carpel of a syncarpous gynoecium. The pericarp of each carpel are fused together until maturity, at which point the carpellate units separate from one another.
semilla como unidad dispersante (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. The 'stone' or 'pit' (endocarp plus seed) of a succulent fruit.
pared de la semilla y fruto como unidad dispersante (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE seed and fruit wall as dispersal unit
OBSOLETE. Fruit on a common axis derived from the ovaries of several flowers.
An embryo sac cell (PO:0025026) that is largest cell in a mature embryo sac (PO:0025074).
In most angiosperms, the embryo sac central cell contains two polar nuclei, and, after double fertilization, develops into an endosperm. In some angiosperms, such as Illicium, the embryo sac central cell contains a single polar nucleus. Embryo sac central cell is distinct from archegonium central cell (PO:0025509).
OBSOLETE. A gametophyte that produces pollen sperm cells.
This term was made obsolete because it only applied to angiosperms. Consider new term microgametophyte (PO:0025280) that can apply to all plants. Also consider pollen (PO:0025281) or antheridial microgametophyte (PO:0025283).
OBSOLETE. A gametophyte that produces female gametes.
This term was made obsolete because it only applied to angiosperms. Consider new term megagametophyte (PO:0025280) that can apply to all plants. Also consider embryo sac (PO:0025074) or archegonial megagametophyte (PO:0025282).
Cell, commonly three in number as in the eight-nucleate embryo sac, located at the other end of the embryo sac from the egg cell.
More or less persistent, multiplicative or not.
A gamete (PO:0025006) produced by an archegonium (PO:0025126) or an embryo sac (PO:0025074).
The plant egg cell (megagamete) is usually larger than the plant sperm cell (PO:0000084; microgamete).
OBSOLETE. Usually two nuclei in the center of the eight-nucleate embryo sac that fuse, and subsequently fuse with one of the male gametes to produce the endosperm.
Comment: this term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology (GO:0043078).
A cardinal organ part that has as parts an egg cell and two synergids and is located at the micropylar end of the embryo sac.
aparato de la ooc&#233lula (Spanish, exact)
A spermatogenous cell (PO:0025525) of the microgametophyte (PO:0025280) that divides to produce two pollen sperm cells (PO:0025121).
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is the larger cell of a microgametophyte (PO:0025280) in seed plants. It does not divide further and develops into a pollen tube cell (PO:0025195).
A stem internode (PO:0020142) below the cotyledonary node (PO:0025321) and transitional to a root (PO:0009005) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
A plant anatomical space that is a slit in an anther lobe formed from when a dehiscence zone dehisces.
Pollen may be released through the stomium. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) in the style of a carpel through which a pollen tube grows; it connects a stigma and the inside of an ovary.
porci&#243n del tejido de transmisi&#243n (Spanish, exact)
The last mature leaf before the inflorescence in a cereal crop plant.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the lower part of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025), and which more or less encases the stem (PO:0009047).
A leaf sheath is usually tubular shaped, and is found in the Poaceae family and other monocots.
A membranous or hairy appendage on the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf, at the junction between sheath and blade, especially in grasses.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is an ear-shaped outgrowth of the distal part of a leaf sheath (PO:0020104).
aur&#237cula de la vaina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
May wrap around the stem (PO:0009047) or branch (PO:0025073) to which the vascular leaf (PO:0009025) it is part of is attached. Found in some Poaceae.
An embryonic plant structure at the base of a plant embryo that develops from an embryonic basal cell and connects an embryo proper to the wall of a megagametophyte.
The suspensor often allows the embryo to penetrate deep into the endosperm. Across plant species, suspensors are morphologically diverse and may be single- or multicellular, undifferentiated or highly differentiated, and variously shaped.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is the uppermost cell of a suspensor (PO:0020108) and from which part of the root (PO:0009005) and root cap (PO:0020123) in a plant embryo (PO:0009009) of angiosperms are derived.
An embryonic plant structure that is a more or less shield-shaped and absorptive portion of a plant embryo of Poaceae.
A root (PO:0009005) that develops from a lateral root primordium (PO:0000016) that is part of another root on the same plant.
A lateral root primordium may develops on any root, including a primary root (PO:0020127), on an existing lateral root (PO:0020121), or a shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). In seed plants, a lateral root primordium generally develops from pericycle cells (PO:0025261), but cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) may also participate in its formation in some species. In ferns, lateral root primordia develop from the endodermis.
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
eje de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
first order inflorescence branch (related)
An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) has either a determinate apex, which terminates in a flower meristem (PO:0000229), or has an indeterminate apex, which terminates in an inflorescence apical meristem (PO:0009108). An inflorescence pedicel (PO:0009052) is the simplest example of a determinate inflorescence axis.
A portion of root parenchyma (PO:0025095) tissue that is part of the root tip (PO:0000025) and covers the root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
caliptra de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
Often composed of living and dead parenchyma cells. Protects the root apical meristem.
A stele (PO:0025197) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
Includes the pericycle as the outermost layer of the stele.
OBSOLETE. The portion of the root that includes small, densely cytoplasmic cells that are dividing and expanding in size.
This term was made obsolete because the definition was not correct. A new term, root elongation zone (PO:0025181), was created instead.
A staminate inflorescence (PO:0025601) in Zea species that bears the tassel spikelet (PO:0006309) on a terminal inflorescence axis (PO:0020122).
penacho de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
Branched inflorescence with a central axis and about 10-50 lateral branches.
A root (PO:0009005) that develops directly from a seedling radicle (PO:0020127).
The first root of a plant. In dicots and gymnosperms it becomes the tap root, the central axis of a root system (PO:0025025).
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034).
A portion of root parenchyma tissue that is the central part of a root cap in which the cells are arranged in longitudinal files.
caliptra de la ra&#237z central (Spanish, exact)
A portion of root parenchyma tissue that is part of a root cap and is parallel to the sides of a root axis.
caliptra lateral de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
This is the general term for the lateral portion of any root cap and not the term for a root cap of lateral root (PO:0003018) or lateral root cap of lateral root (PO:0003020).
Cell that constitutes the central part of the root cap, arranged in longitudinal files.
c&#233lula de la columela del caliptra de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A root initial cell (PO:0000059) that produces columella cells in the root cap (PO:0020123). In direct contact with quiescent center (PO:0020149).
c&#233lula inicial de la columela del caliptra de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. Solid cell inclusion of starch containing plastids occurring in root cap cells.
A plant axis differentiation zone that is the part of a root and is located behind a root elongation zone.
zona de diferenciaci&#243n de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
Most of the primary tissues of a root mature in the differentiation zone. This zone is where root hairs are produced.
A pistillate inflorescence (PO:0025598) in Zea species that is highly compacted and bears the ear spikelets (PO:0006320) on a lateral inflorescence axis (PO:0020122).
oreja de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome apex (PO:0025139) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034).
It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a leaf apex extends. For the apical most portion of a leaf, use the term leaf tip. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A phyllome lamina vein (PO:0025348) that is part of a leaf lamina vascular system (PO:0000048).
A primary leaf vein (PO:0025413) that is the central vein of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
Often the most prominent vein of a vascular leaf. See costa (PO:0030072) for the central conductive strand of a non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075).
A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) arising from a primary leaf vein (PO:0025413).
A shoot axis node (PO:0005004) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047).
A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047).
A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025).
A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue located parallel to the sides of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005) that participates in lateral growth.
A term for lateral growth has been requested in GO. Lateral meristems contribute to an increase in the cross-sectional area of a shoot axis or root. Examples of lateral meristems are: cambium (PO:0005597) (includes cork cambium (PO:0005599) and vascular cambium (PO:0005598)), shoot lateral meristem (PO:0006344) (includes primary thickening meristem (PO:0005039)), root lateral meristem (PO:0006308), and secondary thickening meristem (PO:0025414). Contrasts with apical meristem (PO:0020144), phyllome marginal meristem (PO:0025404), or intercalary meristem (PO:0006073).
A root meristem (PO:0006085) located at the root tip (PO:0000025), behind the root cap (PO:0020123).
meristema apical de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
In most cases, it is involved in root elongation.
A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147) and consists of mitotically and metabolically inactive cells and is located behind the protoderm (PO:0006210) of the root (PO:0009005).
centro de division de c&#233lulas del meristema (Spanish, exact)
If a root cap is present, the quiescent center is behind the root cap.
OBSOLETE. The proportion of the absolute size reached by the calyx
tama&#241o absoluto del caliz (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. The stages of development of the calyx with respect to the rest of the bud
Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of the inflorescence meristem on a vegetative branch.
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a proper part of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types.
parte de un &#243rgano cardinal (Spanish, exact)
Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Examples include petiole (PO:0020038), lamina (PO:0025060), and leaflet (PO:0020049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs.
A shoot-borne internode root (PO:0025593) that arises from a part of the hypocotyl (PO:0020100).
An axillary shoot that develops from a tuber axillary bud.
epiblasto (epiblastema) lateral de tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the edge of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and the area immediately internally adjacent to it.
margen de un &#243rgano (Spanish, exact)
Only flattened or laminar plant organs or organ parts will have a margin.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that has half the chromosome complement of the sporophyte and is capable of fertilization to create a plant zygote (PO:0000423).
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact)
Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure.
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) which is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
A leaf margin (PO:0020128) that is part of a leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
margen de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the edge of a petiole lamina (PO:0025129) and the area immediately internally adjacent to it.
Petiole margins may be found in flattened (laminar) petioles, but may also occur in laminar extensions of petioles that are rounded or c-shaped in cross section.
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
margen de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
A leaf margin (PO:0020128) that is part of a cotyledon (PO:0020030).
margen del cotiled&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a prophyll (PO:0009042).
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of scale leaf (PO:0006003).
margen de la hoja escamosa (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a tepal (PO:0009033).
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a sporophyll (PO:0009026).
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that arises through meiosis and is contained in a spore wall.
A spore is usually single-celled in homosporous plants but may be multicellular in heterosporous plants. May have a spore wall (GO:0031160) made of sporopollenin.
A plant organ margin (PO:0025005) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
Only flattened carpels can have a margin.
Only flattened stamens can have a margin.
A perianth (PO:0009058) consisting of one or more tepals (PO:0009033).
estructura colectiva del t&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
This structure is a perianth (PO:0009058) where there is no differentiation between calyx (PO:0009060) and corolla (PO:0009059).
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed of two or more leaves (PO:0025034).
estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact)
This term replaces the obsolete term leaf whorl (PO:0008034). If you are looking for annotations for PO:0008034, please use this term instead.
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005).
estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis node (PO:0005004) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof.
Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of an embryo sac (PO:0025074).
c&#233lula megagametof&#237tica (Spanish, exact)
OBSOLETE. A plant cell that is part of a male gametophyte.
c&#233lula microgametof&#237tica (Spanish, exact)
This term was made obsolete because it is not appropriate for non-seed plants.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
c&#233lula embri&#243nica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059).
c&#233lula del tejido fundamental (Spanish, exact)
Includes parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.
A ground tissue cell (PO:0025030) that contains latex.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is dead at maturity, lacks specialized wall thickenings or lignin, and has tapered ends that are thin and partially hydrolyzed.
Hydroids are water and mineral conducting cells found in bryophytes in axes and leaves in the gametophytic phase and in the seta in the sporophytic phase.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that resembles in structure the sieve elements (PO:0025406) of vascular plants.
A carbohydrate and amino acid conducting cell found in bryophytes in axes and leaves in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) and in the seta in the sporophytic phase. Leptoids have no nucleus at maturity. Carbohydrate and amino acid conducting cells in bryophytes range from conducting parenchyma cells that are indistinguishable from other parenchyma cells to 'leptoids sensu strictu' that are structurally comparable to sieve elements in vascular plants, as well as many intermediate forms. The term leptoid is used for cells that are distinguishable from other parenchyma cells, whether they be intermediate or leptoids sensu strictu.
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure.
A portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) specialized for carbohydrate storage.
par&#233nquima de reserva (Spanish, exact)
This tissue could be found in any organ, but often occurs in fruits or tubers. New GO term carbohydrate storage has been requested.
A portion of storage parenchyma (PO:0025035) that is part of a tuber (PO:0025522).
par&#233nquima de reserva de tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
This is the flesh of a tuber. See part_of children for individual components of tuber flesh. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to either shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) or tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476).
A portion of storage parenchyma that is part of a fruit.
par&#233nquima de reserva de fruto (Spanish, exact)
A portion of tuber storage parenchyma (PO:0025035) that is part of a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547).
par&#233nquima de reserva de tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
This term is used to refer to potato tuber flesh. See part_of children for individual components of subterranean tuber flesh.
A portion of tuber storage parenchyma (PO:0025036) that is part of an aerial tuber (PO:0004548).
par&#233nquima de reserva de tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
See part_of children for individual components of aerial tuber flesh.
An axillary vegetative bud (PO:0004712) that is part of a shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543).
yema vegetativa axilar de tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
shoot axis tuber axillary vegetative bud
A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of an aerial tuber.
yema vegetativa axilar de tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of a subterranean tuber.
yema vegetativa axilar de tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
A structure on the tuber surface that can sprout. In potatoes, axillary vegetative buds (eyes) can determine processing quality. Scale that the breeders use to rate the buds/sprouts of tubers: 1. none, 2. swollen eye, 3. sprout ca. 1/4 inch, 4. sprout ca. 1/2 inch, 5. sprout ca. 1 inch, 6. sprout ca. 2 inch, 7. sprout ca. 3 inch, 8. new top growth, 9. chain tubers.
subterranean tuber axillary vegetative bud
A portion of shoot axis periderm (PO:0005048) that is part of a shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543).
peridermis de tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of tuber periderm that is part of an aerial tuber.
peridermis de tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of tuber periderm that is part of a subterranean tuber.
peridermis de tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
The skin of young potatoes is epidermis while the skin of mature potatoes is periderm.
A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0000112) that is part of a shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543).
epidermis de tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of shoot axis tuber epidermis (PO:0025046) that is part of an aerial tuber (PO:0004548).
epidermis de tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis tuber epidermis (PO:0025046) that is part of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547).
epidermis de tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
A tuber interfascicular region that is part of a subterranean tuber storage parenchyma.
regi&#243n interfascicular de tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
Because subterranean interfascicular regions in potato tubers form before the subterranean tuber perimedullary zone expands (PO:0025063), in mature potato tubers, the subterranean tuber interfascicular regions persist as rays that extend from the central pith to the eyes or subterranean tuber axillary vegetative buds (PO:0025042).
subterranean tuber interfascicular region
An interfascicular region that is part of a tuber storage parenchyma.
regi&#243n interfascicular de tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
A tuber interfascicular region that is part of an aerial tuber storage parenchyma.
regi&#243n interfascicular de tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of pith (PO:0006109) that is part of a tuber storage parenchyma (PO:0025036).
m&#233dula del tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of tuber pith (PO:0025052) that is part of a subterranean tuber storage parenchyma (PO:0025038).
m&#233dula del tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of tuber pith (PO:0025052) that is part of an aerial tuber storage parenchyma (PO:0025039).
m&#233dula del tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a tuber storage parenchyma (PO:0025036).
corteza del tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of tuber cortex that is part of an aerial tuber storage parenchyma.
corteza del tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of tuber cortex that is part of a subterranean tuber storage parenchyma.
corteza del tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) that is the outer layer of the pith (PO:0006109).
The term perimedullary zone is only used when the outer layer of the pith is distinct from the inner layer.
Any portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) other than epidermis (PO:0005679) or vascular tissue (PO:0009015).
porci&#243n del tejido fundamental (Spanish, exact)
Develops from the ground meristem (PO:0025594).
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is thin and flat.
A perimedullary zone (PO:0025058) that is part of a tuber pith (PO:0025052).
zona perimedular del tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
A tuber perimedullary zone that is part of an aerial tuber pith.
zona perimedular del tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A tuber perimedullary zone that is part of a subterranean tuber pith.
zona perimedular del tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
A perimedullary zone (PO:0025058) that is part of a shoot axis pith (PO:0005041).
zona perimedular de eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A perimedullary zone that is part of a root pith.
zona perimedular de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part.
tallo de alto orden (secundario, terciario, etc) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of storage parenchyma that is part of a seed.
par&#233nquima de reserva de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
An axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) that is part of a shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543).
meristema axilar de yema de tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
As the bud grows, the meristem switches from being an axillary meristem to being a shoot apical meristem.
A tuber axillary bud meristem that is part of an aerial tuber.
meristema axilar de yema de tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A tuber axillary bud meristem that is part of a subterranean tuber.
meristema axilar de yema de tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
subterranean tuber axillary bud meristem
A terminal bud that develops into a reproductive structure.
yema terminal reproductiva (Spanish, exact)
An axillary bud (PO:0004709) that develops into an reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082).
yema axilar reproductiva (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007).
In vascular plants, branches arise from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) and from divisions of the meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007) in non-vascular plants.
A megagametophyte (PO:0025279) that is located in a plant ovary ovule (PO:0025490).
Produces an embryo sac egg cell (PO:0025123).
A leaf (PO:0025034) in a non-vascular plant.
Non-vascular leaves occur in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) of Bryophytes, plants such as moss and liverwort.
An axillary reproductive bud that develops into a strobilus.
yema de estr&#243bilo axilar (Spanish, exact)
A terminal reproductive bud that develops into a strobilus.
yema de estr&#243bilo terminal (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) at the interface between two plant structures, one of which is in a gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) and one of which is in a sporophyte development stage (PO:0028002), and that has as parts transfer cells (PO:0000078).
The transfer cells aid in nutrient transport. Examples include ovary placenta (PO:0020001) and fruit placenta (PO:0004535).
An axillary shoot that develops from an aerial tuber axillary bud.
epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar de tub&#233rculo a&#233reo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073).
internodo de una ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
An axillary shoot that develops from a subterranean tuber axillary bud.
epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar de tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
See also subterranean tuber axillary bud (PO:0025042).
A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094).
sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact)
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) consisting of a number of sporophylls (PO:0009026) or plant ovule (PO:0020003)-bearing modified leaves (PO:0025034) grouped terminally on a stem (PO:0009047).
May be simple or compound. Found in lycophytes such as Selaginella and Lycopodium, sphenophytes such as Equisetum, gymnosperms such as cycad, conifers, gnetophytes and the pollen producing structures of Gingko. The term cone is often used for strobili that are woody. Flowers are sometimes considered bisexual strobili. Some flowering plants such as Alnus have inflorescences called catkins that resemble strobili, but are not.
A bud that develops into a reproductive shoot system.
A gynoecium in the early stages of development, characterized as a ridge on the abaxial surface of the floral meristem that develops from a gynoecium primordium.
gynoecium ridge of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium ridge of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium ridge of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium ridge of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
Common in monocots, including species of Poaceae such as Zea mays. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352). In Zea mays, development of the gynoecium ridge of the upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear occurs via continued overgrowth of the shoot apex (which becomes the ovule primordium) by a ring of gynoecial tissue, leading to the formation of a stylar canal that is detected as a slight protuberance on the mature ovary. Early development of the gynoecium ridge of the lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear is very similar to that of the upper floret of the pedicellate spikelet of ear, except the development does not proceed beyond the early ridge stage.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant structure and consists of a narrow band of cells that undergoes dehiscence upon maturation of the structure.
A dehiscence zone (PO:0025092) that is part of a spore capsule.
anillo de la c&#225psula de musgos (Spanish, exact)
Found in bryophytes. The capsule annulus is located at the base of an operculum. Upon capsule maturation, cell separation in the annulus allows the operculum to separate from the capsule, aiding in spore dispersal.
A plant organ (PO:0009008) in which plant spores (PO:0025017) are produced.
In bryophytes, particularly in mosses, a sporangium is referred to as a capsule. In seed plants, a sporangium is located in a sporophyll. In pteridophytes, a sporangium is located on the surface of a sporophyll or fertile leaf or borne on a sporangiophore. May be unicellular in some algae.
A portion of parenchyma tissue (PO:0005421) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
par&#233nquima de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a carpel (PO:0009030).
A portion of carpel epidermis (PO:0025096) that covers the abaxial surface of a carpel (PO:0009030). (broad)
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a stamen (PO:0009029).
A phyllome trichome that is part of a bract epidermis.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009).
estructura vegetal embri&#243nica (Spanish, exact)
Includes plant structures that only occur in embryos (such as suspensor) as well as plant structures that are part of an embryo when a plant is in the embryonic phase (such as embryonic radicle).
A plant axis elongation zone (PO:0025180) that is part of a shoot axis internode (PO:0005005).
zona de elongaci&#243n del internodo de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis internode elongation zone (PO:0025100) that is part of a branch internode (PO:0025080).
zona de elongaci&#243n de la ramificaci&#243n del internodo (Spanish, exact)
A plant axis differentiation zone that is part of a shoot axis.
zona de diferenciaci&#243n del internodo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot internode differentiation zone that is part of a branch internode.
zona de diferenciaci&#243n de la ramificaci&#243n del internodo (Spanish, exact)
An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) that is the primary or main axis of an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
primer orden del eje de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
Monopodial inflorescences, such as a raceme inflorescence (PO:0030115), have a centrally-located main axis; this axis is a first order inflorescence axis. In contrast, sympodial inflorescences, such as the riphidium inflorescence (PO:0030131), do not have a centrally-located main axis. The basal-most portion of a first order inflorescence axis is referred to as a peduncle (PO:0009053).
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a third order inflorescence axis (PO:0025105).
eje de cuarto orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
third order inflorescence branch (exact)
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a fourth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025106).
eje de quinto orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
fourth order inflorescence branch (exact)
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a fifth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025107).
eje de sexto orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
fifth order inflorescence branch (exact)
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a sixth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025108).
eje de séptimo orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
sixth order inflorescence branch (exact)
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a seventh order inflorescence axis (PO:0025109).
eje de octavo orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
seventh order inflorescence branch (exact)
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a eighth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025110).
eighth order inflorescence branch (exact)
eje de noveno orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem (PO:0009105) of a ninth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025110).
eje de décimo orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
ninth order inflorescence branch (exact)
Tenth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025111) is the greatest specific inflorescence axis order in the PO; when mapping annotations to inflorescence axes which are of an order greater than ten, or when order is ambiguous or unknown, annotate directly to higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081).
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a first order infructescence axis (PO:0025244) and develops from a second order inflorescence axis (PO:0006321).
eje de segundo de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a second order infructescence axis (PO:0025112) and develops from a third order inflorescence axis (PO:0006322).
eje de tres orden de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
second order infructescence branch (exact)
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a third order infructescence axis (PO:0025113) and develops from a fourth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025105).
eje de cuarto orden de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
third order infructescence branch (exact)
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a fourth order infructescence axis (PO:0025114) and develops from a fifth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025106).
eje de quinto orden de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
fourth order infructescence branch (exact)
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a fifth order infructescence axis (PO:0025115) and develops from a sixth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025107).
eje de sexto orden de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
fifth order infructescence branch (exact)
An anatomical space that is part of a plant.
espacio anat&#243mico vegetal (Spanish, exact)
CARO:0000005 'anatomical space' is defined as: An immaterial anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes, and is bounded by an anatomical surface.
A plant anatomical space that is a pore at the apex of an anther.
Pollen may be released through the anther pore.
A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and is located behind the elongation zone and contains cells that are differentiating into their final form and function.
zona de diferenciaci&#243n de eje vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A plant sperm cell (PO:0000084) which develops from a spermatogenous cell (PO:0025525) and is located in an antheridium (PO:0025125).
c&#233lula esperm&#225tica del anteridio (Spanish, exact)
Antheridial sperm cells are motile and lack a cell wall.
A plant sperm cell (PO:0000084) that is part of the pollen (PO:0025281).
c&#233lula esperm&#225tica pol&#237nica (Spanish, exact)
Pollen sperm cells are structurally simple, usually non-motile cells that may contain a normal complement of cellular organelles, including heritable cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria and, in some plants, plastids, but lack a cell wall. In seed plants, pollen sperm cells are usually two in number. In angiosperms, during double fertilization, one fuses with the plant egg cell (PO:0020094) to produce a plant zygote (PO:0000423) while another fuses with the two polar nuclei of the embryo sac central cell (PO:0020090) to give rise to endosperm (PO:0009089). In angiosperms, the pollen sperm cell arises from the generative cell (PO:0020097). In gymnosperms, the pollen sperm cell arises from the body cell (PO:0025525).
A plant egg cell (PO:0020094) that develops from the archegonium central cell (PO:0025509) and is located in the venter (PO:0030038).
ooc&#233lula del arquegonio (Spanish, exact)
The archegonium egg cell has a common origin with the ventral canal cell.
A plant egg cell (PO:0020094) that is part of an egg apparatus (PO:0020096).
ooc&#233lula del saco embrionario (Spanish, exact)
The egg apparatus is part of an embryo sac (PO:0025074).
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that produces one or more gametes (PO:0025006) and participates in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003).
The multicellular plant gametangium; an archegonium (PO:0025126) and/or an antheridium (PO:0025125), occurs in bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms, but never in angiosperms.
A multicellular plant gametangium (PO:0025124) that produces antheridium sperm cells (PO:0025120) and has as parts an antheridium jacket layer (PO:0030053) and an antheridium stalk (PO:0030035).
The antheridium (PO:0025125) occurs in bryophytes and pteridophytes, but never in gymnosperms or angiosperms, where male gametes are produced in the pollen (PO:0025281), a specialized (reduced) gametangium.
A multicellular plant gametangium (PO:0025124) that develops from an archegonium initial cell (PO:0025510) and has as parts a venter (PO:0030038) and an archegonium neck (PO:0030039).
At maturity, the archegonium produces an archegonium egg cell (PO:0025122). In mosses, the archegonium also has part an archegonium stalk (PO:0030036). The archegonium (PO:0025126) occurs in bryophytes and pteridophytes, but never in angiosperms, where the female gamete (plant egg cell; PO:0020094) is produced by the embryo sac (PO:0025074), a specialized (reduced) gametangium.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011).
A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition.
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact)
The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop.
A lamina (PO:0025060) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038).
l&#225mina (ala) del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
The entire petiole may be laminar, or the petiole may be more or less rounded in cross section with laminar extensions.
A leaf near the apex of a stem that is still rolled into a cylinder.
Describes the phenotype of a vascular leaf during a leaf development phase in Musa and other monocots.
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'.
A plant anatomical space (PO:0025117) that is either a groove on the surface, or a tube in the interior of a plant structure (PO:0009011).
May be cylindrical (PATO:0001203) in shape, with a circular, D-shaped or other irregularly-shaped cross-section.
May occur on the surface or be internal.
A shoot system that forms the basal part of an inflorescence to which the pedicels are attached and in which the internodes do not elongate, giving the appearance of a ridge of raised tissue.
corona de la ramificaci&#243n de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf lamina abaxial epidermis PO:0000049) that covers the abaxial surface of a cigar leaf (PO:0025130).
epidermis abaxial de la l&#225mina de la hoja en cigarro (Spanish, exact)
A tepal (PO:0009033) that is part of a collective tepal structure (PO:0025021), along with a fused collective tepal structure (PO:0025138), but is separate from (PATO:0001505) the other tepals.
A free tepal (PO:0025136) only occurs in a perianth (PO:0009058) that contains a fused collective tepal structure (PO:0025138). If you are describing a tepal (PO:0025137) that is part of a perianth (PO:0009058) where none of the tepals (PO:0009033) are fused, you should use tepal.
A tepal (PO:0009033) that is part of a fused collective tepal structure (PO:0025138) in which it is fused to at least one other tepal.
A collective tepal structure (PO:0025021) in which there are at least two fused tepals (PO:0025137).
estrutura colectiva de t&#233palo fusionado (Spanish, exact)
It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a phyllome apex extends. For the apical most portion of a phyllome, use the term phyllome tip.
The basal part of a phyllome (PO:0006001), where it attaches to a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
The apical most portion of a phyllome apex.
This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a phyllome. For a larger area, use the term phyllome apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a phyllome tip.
A phyllome tip (PO:0025141) that is part of a leaf apex (PO:0020137).
This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a leaf. For a larger area, use the term leaf apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a leaf tip. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A phyllome apex PO:0025139) that is part of a tepal (PO:0009033).
&#225pice del t&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a tepal apex extends. For the apical most portion of a tepal, use the term tepal tip.
A phyllome apex (PO:0025139) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
&#225pice del p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a petal apex extends. For the apical most portion of a petal, use the term petal tip.
A phyllome apex that is part of a sepal.
&#225pice del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a sepal apex extends. For the apical most portion of a sepal, use the term sepal tip.
A phyllome base (PO:0025140) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
A phyllome base that is part of a sepal.
A phyllome base (PO:0025140) that is part of a tepal (PO:0009033).
A phyllome tip that is part of a petal apex.
This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a petal. For a larger area, use the term petal apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a petal tip.
A phyllome tip that is part of a sepal apex.
This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a sepal. For a larger area, use the term sepal apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a sepal tip.
A phyllome tip that is part of a tepal apex.
This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a tepal. For a larger area, use the term tepal apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a tepal tip.
A portion of branch epidermis (PO:0025179) that is part of a peduncle (PO:0009053).
epidermis del ped&#250nculo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis trichome that is part of a peduncle epidermis.
tricoma del ped&#250nculo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome apex (PO:0025139) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
&#225pice de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a bract apex extends. For the apical most portion of a bract, use the term bract tip.
A phyllome base (PO:0025140) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
A phyllome tip that is part of a bract apex.
punta de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a bract. For a larger area, use the term bract apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a bract tip.
A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
epidermis de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
A portion of bract epidermis (PO:0025158) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a bract (PO:0009055).
epidermis abaxial de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
A portion of bract epidermis (PO:0025158) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a bract (PO:0009055).
epidermis adaxail de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant.
porci&#243n de sustancia vegetal (Spanish, exact)
Refers to organism substance (CARO:0000004) which is defined as: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body and that does not have inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. For plants, the word "body" refers to a whole plant, or part thereof. Includes substances such as latex, xylem sap, phloem sap, resin, mucilage, oil, cuticle, cutin, and sporopollenin.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis (PO:0005679).
non-glandular multicelluar trichome (narrow)
non-secretory multicellular trichome (narrow)
A multicellular trichome (PO:0000282) has as parts more than one trichome cell (PO:0008030), may vary in size and complexity, be branched and may contain a secretory gland.
A trichome cell (PO:0008030) that forms a branch of a multicellular trichome (PO:0025162).
c&#233lula ramificada de tricoma multicelular (Spanish, exact)
For branches of a unicellular trichome, see unicellular trichome branch (GO:0090405) in GO.
A plant epidermal cell (PO:0004013) that is part of a root epidermis (PO:0006036).
c&#233lula epid&#233rmica de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A plant epidermal cell (PO:0004013) that is part of a shoot axis epidermis (PO:0000112).
c&#233lula epid&#233rmica del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
An epidermal pavement cell with a short protuberance.
See plant cell papilla (GO:0090395) for the subcellular component papilla.
A papilla cell that is part of a leaf epidermis.
c&#233lula papilosa de la epidermis (Spanish, exact)
See leaf papilla (GO:0090396) for the subcellular component leaf papilla. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
A papilla cell that is part of a stigma epidermis.
c&#233lula papilosa del estigma (Spanish, exact)
See stigma papilla (GO:0090397) for the subcellular component stigma papilla.
A portion of epidermis (PO:0005679) that is a sclerified outgrowth.
A prickle (PO:0025169) that is part of a root (PO:0009005)
espinilla de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A prickle (PO:0025169) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
espinilla del eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A branch that is a sclerified, pointed outgrowth.
A thorn is a short, pointed (PATO:0002258) woody structure, may be branched.
A leaf that is a sclerified and pointed and lacks a lamina.
A stipule that is sclerified and pointed.
A prickle (PO:0025169) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034).
A shoot axis trichome that is part of a stem epidermis.
A shoot axis trichome that is part of a branch epidermis.
tricoma de una ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0000112) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047).
A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073).
epidermis de la ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) which is part of a plant axis (PO:0025004), is located proximal to an apical meristem (PO:0020144), and in which plant cells (PO:0009002) are undergoing longitudinal expansion.
zona de elongaci&#243n del eje de la planta (Spanish, exact)
A plant axis elongation zone (PO:0025180) that is part of a root tip (PO:0000025) and located proximal to a root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
zona de elongaci&#243n de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
The root elongation zone is only a few millimeters in length and is the only portion of the root in which cell elongation generally occurs. Root hairs are not yet produced in this region. Primary root tissues begin to differentiate in the root elongation zone. This term replaces elongation zone (PO:0020125).
A phyllome trichome that is part of a sepal epidermis.
tricoma de la epidermis del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome stomatal complex (PO:0025215) that is part of a leaf.
complejo estom&#225tico de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a tepal (PO:0009033).
epidermis del t&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a leaf lamina.
complejo estom&#225tico de la l&#225mina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
leaf lamina epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
leaf lamina epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A trichome that is part of a phyllome epidermis.
A phyllome trichome that is part of a petal epidermis.
A phyllome trichome that is part of a tepal epidermis.
tricoma de la epidermis del t&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a petiole.
complejo estom&#225tico del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
petiole epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
petiole epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A leaf stomatal complex (PO:0025183) that is part of a leaf abaxial epidermis (PO:0006019).
complejo estom&#225tico de la superficie abaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
leaf abaxial epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
leaf abaxial epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a leaf adaxial epidermis.
complejo estom&#225tico de la superficie adaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
leaf adaxial epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
leaf adaxial epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A portion of tepal epidermis (PO:0025184) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a tepal (PO:0009033).
epidermis abaxial del t&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of tepal epidermis (PO:0025184) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a tepal (PO:0009033).
epidermis adaxail del t&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A root meristem (PO:0006085) that gives rise to a root nodule (PO:0003023).
meristema del n&#243dulo de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that develops from a microgametophyte vegetative cell (PO:0020099) and forms a tubular extension of the pollen (PO:0025281).
c&#233lula del tubo pol&#237nico (Spanish, exact)
Carries the male gametes (PO:0025006) into or near the plant ovule (PO:0020003). May be branched in gymnosperms. See GO for pollen tube (GO:0090406) or pollen tube tip (GO:0090404).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of an endosperm (PO:0009089) and is composed of basal endosperm transfer cells (PO:0009018).
capa de transferencia del endosperma basal (Spanish, exact)
Involved in transferring nutrients to a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the central column of a plant axis that consists of the primary vascular tissue and associated ground tissue.
If a pith is present, it is part of the stele, otherwise the stele only includes the primary vascular tissue and the ground tissue that surrounds it.
estela del eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis stele that is part of a branch.
estela de la ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis stele that is part of a stem.
A sporangium in which megaspores are produced.
A sporangium (PO:0025094) in which microspores (PO:0020048) are produced.
A vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
haz vascular del pericarpo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of a rhizome (PO:0004542).
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
sistema vascular del sistema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A vascular system (PO:0000034) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a phyllome (PO:0006001).
sistema vascular del filoma (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a tepal (PO:0009033).
sistema vascular del t&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome trichome (PO:0025186) that is part of a carpel epidermis (PO:0025096).
A phyllome trichome that is part of a stamen epidermis.
tricoma vascular del estambre (Spanish, exact)
A leaf trichome that is part of a leaf abaxial epidermis.
tricoma de la superficie abaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A leaf trichome that is part of a leaf adaxial epidermis.
tricoma de la superficie adaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
An epidermal pavement cell that is part of a leaf epidermis.
c&#233lula de pavimento de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A leaf pavement cell that is part of a leaf abaxial epidermis.
c&#233lula de pavimento de la superficie abaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A leaf pavement cell that is part of a leaf adaxial epidermis.
c&#233lula de pavimento de la superficie adaxial de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A stomatal complex (PO:0002000) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
complejo estom&#225tico del filoma (Spanish, exact)
phyllome epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
phyllome epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A phyllome stomatal complex (PO:0025215) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
bract epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
bract epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
complejo estom&#225tico de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a carpel.
carpel epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
carpel epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
complejo estom&#225tico del carpelo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome stomatal complex (PO:0025215) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
complejo estom&#225tico del p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
petal epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
petal epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a sepal.
complejo estom&#225tico del s&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
sepal epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
sepal epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a stamen.
complejo estom&#225tico del estambre (Spanish, exact)
stamen epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
stamen epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a tepal (PO:0009033).
complejo estom&#225tico del t&#233palo (Spanish, exact)
tepal epidermal stomatal complex (exact)
tepal epidermis stomatal complex (exact)
A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem.
&#225pice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot apex PO:0000037) that has as part a vegetative shoot apical meristem (PO:0008016).
&#225pice vegetativo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A plant anatomical space that is the space between a shoot axis and a leaf, bract, or branch that branches from the shoot axis.
An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a bract that branches from the shoot axis.
axila de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a branch that branches from the shoot axis.
axila de la ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue consisting of four megaspores that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. One cell will give rise to a female gametophyte.
t&#233trada de megasporas (Spanish, exact)
Usually only one of the four megaspores develops and the other three die.
A cardinal organ part that is a part of a plant structure that splits apart when the structure dehisces.
A valve that is a part of a spore capsule that splits apart when the spore capsule dehisces.
valva de la c&#225psula de musgo (Spanish, exact)
Found in bryophytes. A spore capsule may dehisce ongitudinally, forming evenely sized valves, or it may dehisce at the capsule annulus, forming the operculum, which is a specialized type of valve.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that forms the central axis of a plant structure such as a fruit (PO:0009001) or moss capsule (sporangium; PO:0025094).
A columella (PO:0025230) that forms the central axis of a spore capsule.
columela de la c&#225psula de musgo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
portion of embryonic plant tissue (exact)
tejido embri&#243nico vegetal (Spanish, exact)
This class is for tissues that only occur as part of an embryo.
A stomatal pore that is part of a phyllome stomatal complex.
poro estom&#225tico del filoma (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome stomatal pore that is part of a leaf stomatal complex.
poro estom&#225tico de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A guard cell that is part of a phyllome stomatal complex.
c&#233lula guardiana del filoma (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome guard cell that is part of a leaf stomatal complex.
c&#233lula guardiana de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A petiole canal on the abaxial surface of a petiole.
canal abaxial del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A petiole canal on the adaxial surface of a petiole.
canal adaxial del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that is part of an inflorescence (PO:0009049) and has as parts a second order inflorescence axis (PO:0006321) and any shoot axes (PO:0025029) and flowers (PO:0009046) that arise from it.
inflorescencia de segundo orden (Spanish, exact)
This a sub-inflorescence that arises from the main inflorescence axis.
A reproductive shoot system that is part of an infructescence and has as parts a second order infructescence axis and any infructescence axes and fruits that arise from it.
infructescencia de segundo orden (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of an infructescence (PO:0006342).
eje de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
An infructescence axis (PO:0025242), which is a branch (PO:0025073) in an infructescence (PO:0006342), that develops from a higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081).
ejen de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
A higher order infructescence axis is named according to its position in an infructescence (PO:0006342). Tenth order infructescence axis (PO:0025112) is the greatest specific infructescence axis (PO:0025242) order in the PO; when mapping annotations to an infructescence axis which is of an order higher than ten, or when order is ambiguous or unknown, annotate directly to higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243).
An infructescence axis (PO:0025242), which is the primary or main axis of an infructescence (PO:0006342), that develops from a first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
eje de la infructescencia de primer orden (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome that develops from a sepal and remains attached to a fruit at maturity.
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that develops from a tepal (PO:0009033) and remains attached to a fruit (PO:0009001) at maturity.
A phyllome that develops from a stamen and remains attached to a fruit at maturity.
A collective organ part structure that forms a cylindrical false stem composed concentric leaf sheaths.
The peduncle later grows up through the pseudostem. Common in Musa species and some other monocots.
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a leaf sheath (PO:0020104).
epidermis de la vaina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf sheath epidermis (PO:0025249) that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf sheath (PO:0020104).
epidermis abaxial de la vaina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf sheath epidermis (PO:0025249) that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf sheath (PO:0020104).
epidermis adaxial de la vaina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a sixth order infructescence axis (PO:0025116) and develops from a seventh order inflorescence axis (PO:0025108).
eje de séptimo orden de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
sixth order infructescence branch (exact)
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a seventh order infructescence axis (PO:0025252) and develops from an eighth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025109).
eje de octavo orden de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
seventh order infructescence branch (exact)
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from an eighth order infructescence axis (PO:0025253) and develops from a ninth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025110).
eighth order infructescence branch (exact)
eje de noveno orden de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a ninth order infructescence axis (PO:0025254) and develops from a tenth order inflorescence axis (PO:0025111).
eje de decimo orden de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
ninth or higher order infructescence branch (exact)
Tenth order infructescence axis (PO:0025112) is the greatest specific infructescence axis (PO:0025242) order in the PO; when mapping annotations to an infructescence axis which is of an order higher than ten, or when order is ambiguous or unknown, annotate directly to higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243).
A root elongation zone that is part of a lateral root tip.
zona de elongaci&#243n de la ra&#237z lateral (Spanish, exact)
A root elongation zone (PO:0025181) that is part of a primary root tip (PO:0000026).
zona de elongaci&#243n de la ra&#237z primaria (Spanish, exact)
A meristematic cell (PO:0004010) that is part of a portion of procambium (PO:0025275).
c&#233lula del procambio (Spanish, exact)
A portion of shoot procambium (PO:0025276) tissue that is part of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
A portion of shoot procambium that is part of a shoot apical meristem and gives rise to the primary vascular tissue of a shoot axis.
procambio del eje del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
A ground tissue cell that is part of a portion of pericycle.
c&#233lula del periciclo (Spanish, exact)
A septum (PO:0000030) that divides a multilocular plant ovary (PO:0009072).
Found in species with syncarpous gynoecia (fused carpels). A plant ovary septum is derived from the fused walls of two adjacent carpels, while a replum (PO:0005016) develops from early contact of placental tissue from opposite sides of the plant ovary. Annotations for Arabidopsis should go under replum, not under plant ovary septum.
A plant anatomical space (PO:0025117) that is a cavity a reproductive structure.
May be a cavity in a sporophyll, within several fused sporophylls, or within a sporangium. In many instances, the locules are filled with seeds or other plant structures.
A sporangium locule that is part of an anther and is a cavity within a single pollen sac or two or more fused pollen sacs.
l&#243culo del esporangio (Spanish, exact)
A locule (PO:0025263) that is a cavity in a sporangium (PO:0025094) or several fused sporangia.
l&#243culo de la antera (Spanish, exact)
A locule (PO:0025263) that is a cavity in a plant ovary (PO:0009072).
Generally contains at least one ovule. An ovary locule may be part of a single carpel, in the case of unicarpellate flowers. An ovary that is part of a syncarpous gynoecium may have multiple locules, or the anatomical spaces of multiple carpels may be fused to form a single locule.
A portion of fruit placenta tissue (PO:0004535) that divides a fruit (PO:0009001) into two or more chambers and develops from a plant ovary replum (PO:0025272).
A fruit replum develops from the ovary replum and has no suture line in its center, while a fruit septum (PO:0025262) develops from an ovary septum via the fusion of two adjacent ovary walls. Common in Brassicaceae. Annotations for Arabidopsis fruit should go here, and not under fruit septum. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to the specific type of fruit (PO:0009001), such as achene fruit (PO:0030107), berry fruit (PO:0030108), capsule fruit (PO:0030091), caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104), drupe fruit (PO:0030103), follicle fruit (PO:0030105), legume fruit (PO:0030100), nut fruit (PO:0030102), samara fruit (PO:0030099), schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098), silique fruit (PO:0030106), or their subclasses, depending on the species.
A septum that divides a cavity or mass of tissue in a fruit and develops from an ovary septum.
Annotations for Arabidopsis should go under fruit replum (PO:0025267), not under fruit septum. The partition between two fruit locules of an orange is a fruit septum. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to the specific type of fruit (PO:0009001), such as achene fruit (PO:0030107), berry fruit (PO:0030108), capsule fruit (PO:0030091), caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104), drupe fruit (PO:0030103), follicle fruit (PO:0030105), legume fruit (PO:0030100), nut fruit (PO:0030102), samara fruit (PO:0030099), schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098), silique fruit (PO:0030106), or their subclasses, depending on the species.
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) composed of two or more cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001) that are part of adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
&#243rgano colectivo de una parte de la estructura (Spanish, exact)
A collective organ part structure is composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete organs. The organ parts are often of the same type but may be of different types. Includes plant structures like a septum (PO:0000030) that consists of the walls of two fused carpels (PO:0009030) or a pseudostem (PO:0025248) that consist of multiple, overlapping leaf sheaths (PO:0020104). Unlike a collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007), a collective organ part structure does not contain any complete plant organs.
A locule (PO:0025263) that is a cavity in a fruit (PO:0009001) and develops from a plant ovary locule (PO:0025266).
A portion of ovary placenta tissue (PO:0020001) which divides a plant ovary (PO:0009072) into two or more chambers, and develops from contact of the placental tissue from opposite sides of the plant ovary early in gynoecium development (GO:0048467).
replo (replum) del ovario (Spanish, exact)
An ovary replum develops along with the ovary and has no suture line in its center, while a true ovary septum (PO:0025262) is derived from the fusion two adjacent ovary walls. Common in Brassicaceae. Annotations for Arabidopsis should go here, and not under ovary septum.
A portion of shoot axis procambium gives rise to the primary vascular tissue of a stem.
A portion of shoot axis procambium gives rise to the primary vascular tissue of a branch.
procambio de la ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue (PO:0025408).
May occur in an apical meristem or in a developing phyllome. Gives rise to the primary xylem and primary phloem. This term replaces PO:0006074.
A portion of procambium (PO:0025275) tissue that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
procambio del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
A microsporangium that is part of a sporophyll and where the pollen grains develop and are located after they develop.
A pollen sac is a microsporangium in seed plants. In angiosperms, a single, unfused pollen sac may contain an anther locule or several pollen sacs may fuse so they contain a single anther locule. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
hoja escamosa del rizoma (Spanish, exact)
A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) that produces only plant egg cells (PO:0020094).
Megagametophytes in bryophytes only produce egg cells, but do not develop from megaspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In some pteridophytes, megagametophytes develop from megaspores. In angiosperms, Gnetum, and Weltwischia, the megagametophyte is greatly reduced. The megagametophyte in angiosperms is an embryo sac.
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) that produces plant sperm cells (PO:0000084).
The microgametophyte in bryophytes only produce sperm cells, but do not develop from microspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In seed plants the male gametophyte is reduced to a pollen grain.
A microgametophyte (PO:0025280) that develops from a microspore (PO:0020048) is located in a pollen sac (PO:0025277).
A megagametophyte (PO:0025279) that has as parts one or more archegonia (PO:0025126).
arquegonio del megagametofito (Spanish, exact)
Megagametophytes in bryophytes only produce egg cells, but do not develop from megaspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In some pteridophytes, megagametophytes develop from megaspores.
A microgametophyte (PO:0025280) that has as parts one or more antheridia (PO:0025125).
anteridio del microgametofito (Spanish, exact)
Microgametophytes in bryophytes only produce sperm cells, but do not develop from microspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In some pteridophytes, microgametophytes develop from microspores.
A sporophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a plant embryo and is the uppermost cell formed after the first division of a zygote.
c&#233lula apical del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
embryonic meristematic apical cell (exact)
A parenchyma cell that is part of a plant callus.
c&#233lula parenquim&#225tica del callo (Spanish, exact)
A coleoptile (PO:0020033) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
cole&#243ptile del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A coleoptile (PO:0020033) that is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
cole&#243ptile de la pl&#225ntula (Spanish, exact)
A seedling coleoptile develops from an embryo coleoptile (PO:0025286).
A coleorhiza (PO:0020034) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
coleorriza del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A coleorhiza (PO:0020034) that is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
coleorriza de la pl&#225ntula (Spanish, exact)
Develops from an embryo coleorhiza (PO:0025288).
A hypocotyl (PO:0020100) that is part of a plant embryo axis (PO:0019018).
hipoc&#243tile del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A hypocotyl (PO:0020100) that is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
hipoc&#243tile de la pl&#225ntula (Spanish, exact)
Develops from an embryo hypocotyl (PO:0025290). This term should only be used for seed plants.
An epicotyl (PO:0020035) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
epic&#243tile del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
An epicotyl (PO:0020035) that is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
epic&#243tile de la pl&#225ntula (Spanish, exact)
Develops from an embryo epicotyl (PO:0025292).
A mesocotyl (PO:0020037) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
mesoc&#243tile del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A mesocotyl (PO:0020037) that develops from an embryo mesocotyl (PO:0025294) and is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
mesoc&#243tile de la plantual (Spanish, exact)
A seedling mesocotyl is an elongation of an embryo mesocotyl (PO:0025294) and is part of a seedling (PO:0008037)..
A radicle (PO:0020031) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
rad&#237cula del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
May eventually develop into the root system (PO:0025025) of an adult plant. Sometimes is abortive.
A radicle (PO:0020031) that is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
rad&#237cula de la pl&#225ntula (Spanish, exact)
Develops from an embryo radicle (PO:0025296). May develop into the root system (PO:0025025) of an adult plant.
A collective organ part structure that is the apical part of a circumsessile capsular fruit that separates from the rest of the capsule during dehiscence.
Develops from the apical portion of a gynoecium, and is commonly found as part of the fruit of species of Myrtaceae, such as Eucalyptus spp. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to the specific type of fruit (PO:0009001), such as achene fruit (PO:0030107), berry fruit (PO:0030108), capsule fruit (PO:0030091), caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104), drupe fruit (PO:0030103), follicle fruit (PO:0030105), legume fruit (PO:0030100), nut fruit (PO:0030102), samara fruit (PO:0030099), schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098), silique fruit (PO:0030106), or their subclasses, depending on the species.
OBSOLETE. A fused perianth that is composed of fused sepals or petals and located on top of a gynoecium that contains an inferior ovary.
Found in Eucalyptus and other Myrtaceae. This term was made obsolete and replaced by the more specific terms calyptra calyx (PO:0025329) and calyptra corolla (PO:0025330).
A hypocotyl-root junction (PO:0004724) that is part of an plant embryo axis (PO:0019018).
conjunci&#243n del hipoc&#243tile-ra&#237z en el embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
embryonic hypocotyl-root junction (exact)
A hypocotyl-root junction (PO:0004724) that develops from an embryo hypocotyl-root junction (PO:0025300) and is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
conjunci&#243n del hipoc&#243tile-ra&#237z en la pl&#225ntula (Spanish, exact)
A plant embryo (PO:0009009) that arises from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused gametes, i.e. the plant zygote (PO:0000423).
embri&#243n som&#225tico vegetal (Spanish, exact)
Somatic plant embryos may arise where embryos normally would not arise as a product of apomixis. They may occur on the edges of leaves on some species of Kalanchoe or some ferns.
A plant embryo (PO:0009009) that forms as a result of the fusion of gametes.
embri&#243n som&#225tico cigotico (del cigote) (Spanish, exact)
A zygotic plant embryo that is grown or maintained in vitro.
embri&#243n cultivado derivado del cigoto vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A cultured somatic plant embryo that develops from isolated microspores.
microspore-derived cultured embryo (broad)
embri&#243n cultivado derivado de la microspora vegetal (Spanish, exact)
microspore-derived haploid embryo (exact)
microspore-derived cultured plant embryo
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is composed of the outer layers of a sporangium (PO:0025094) and bounds the archesporium (PO:0030074) or plant spores (PO:0025017).
May have multiple layers such as exothecium, endothecium and tapetum. Early in development, the sporangium wall bounds the archesporium. Later, after spores develop from the archesporium, it bounds the spore or spores.
A sporangium wall (PO:0025306) that is part of a microsporangium (PO:0025202).
pared del microsporangio (Spanish, exact)
A sporangium wall that is part of a megasporangium.
pared del megasporangio (Spanish, exact)
A sporangium wall endothecium (PO:0030049) that is part of a microsporangium wall (PO:0025307).
endotecio del microsporangio (Spanish, exact)
A sporangium wall endothecium (PO:0030049) that is part of a megasporangium wall.
endotecio del megasporangio (Spanish, exact)
A portion of exothecium (PO:0030073) that is part of a microsporangium wall (PO:0025307).
exotecio del microsporangio (Spanish, exact)
A portion of exothecium (PO:0030073) that is part of a megasporangium wall (PO:0025308).
exotecio del megasporangio (Spanish, exact)
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is the inner-most layer of a sporangium wall (PO:0025306).
May function in providing nutrition to developing sporocytes or pollen. May have one or more layers of cells. May break down as spores mature. A tapetum does not develop in some plants, such as Psilotum. In angiosperms, the tapetum develops from one of the parietal layers. In non-seed plants, the tapetum may develop from the outer cells of archesporium or from the inner-most layer of the sporangium wall. The tapetum may be one of two types ameboid or secretory/glandular.
An tapetum (PO:0025313) that is part of a microsporangium wall (PO:0025307).
tapeto del microsporangio (Spanish, exact)
A tapetum (PO:0025313) that is part of a megasporangium wall (PO:0025308).
tapeto del megasporangio (Spanish, exact)
A multicellular trichome (PO:0025162) that has as parts a long terminal cell atop a basal stalk and grows in a leaf axil (PO:0009023).
Found in monocots and mosses. The basal stalk may contain one or more cells.
A trichome cell (PO:0008030) that is the long terminal cell of an axillary hair (PO:0008030).
c&#233lula terminal del pelo axilar (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the basal part of an axillary hair (PO:0025316), below the axillary hair terminal cell (PO:0025317).
A trichome cell (PO:0008030) that is part of a base of an axillary hair (PO:0025316).
c&#233lula basal del pelo axilar (Spanish, exact)
An epidermal rhizoid that grows form a cotyledonary node.
rizoide del nodo del cotiled&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A stem node (PO:0020141) from which cotyledons (PO:0020030) may develop.
A plant anatomical space that is an opening in a hydathode.
Similar to a stomatal pore, but lacks the ability to open and close. Involved in the release water or xylem sap through guttation or secretion.
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that is a second order inflorescence (PO:0025240), or higher, in which the inflorescence branch (PO:0009081) bears two or more flowers (PO:0009046), but is not elongated.
A fascicle appears to be a cluster of flowers in an axil of a single bract of the main inflorescence. Fascicles are common in some sections of the Fabaceae, where they are second order inflorescences.
A petal (PO:0009032) that is the top-most petal of a papilionaceous corolla (PO:0009059).
Usually larger than the adjacent wing petals. Found in the flowers of some Fabaceae.
One of two lateral petals (PO:0009032) that is adjacent to the banner petal of a papilionaceous corolla (PO:0009059).
The wing petals are usually much smaller than the banner petal and the corolla keel. Found in the flowers of some Fabaceae.
A petal (PO:0009032) that is one of the two lowest petals of a papilionaceous corolla (PO:0025324).
The keel petals are usually larger than the adjacent wing petals. They are often partially fused to each other. Each petal is shaped like half a boat and projects toward the front of the flower.
A boat-shaped collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that consists of the two lowest petals (PO:0009032) of a papilionaceous corolla (PO:0009059).
The two petals of the keel are often fused at the apex and free at the base. The keel projects toward the front of the flower. Found in the flowers of some Fabaceae.
A vascular leaf that has increased activity of either the adaxial or abaxial meristem early in development, leading to absence of the opposite surface on the mature leaf.
hoja unifacial EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
A unifacial leaf may be round in cross-section (terete) or it may be laminar (ensiform), in which case lamina development is in a median plane (perpendicular to the axis), rather than a transverse plane (tangent to the axis). Unifacial leaves may be bifacial at the leaf base. Many unifacial leaves develop by reduced (or absent) activity of the marginal meristems and increased activity of the adaxial meristem early in development, leading to mature leaves with only an adaxial surface (e.g., Acacia phyllodes). However, some develop by increased activity of the abaxial meristem early in development, leading to mature leaves with only an abaxial surface. Note that unifacial leaves may have two sides, as in ensiform leaves, but both sides arise from the same surface of the leaf meristem (abaxial or adaxial).
A fused calyx (PO:0025582) that is composed of fused sepals (PO:0025584).
Sometimes found in Eucalyptus and other Myrtaceae, covering an inner operculum or calyptra corolla. The sepals are generally completely fused. Species of the subgenus Monocalyptrus have only a calyptra corolla (inner operculum) while in most other species, a calyptra calyx is also present, at least early in flower development. Not the same structure as a spore capsule calyptra or fruit operculum. Sometimes erroneously referred to as part of a fruit.
A fused corolla (PO:0025581) that is composed of fused petals (PO:0025583).
Often found in Eucalyptus and other Myrtaceae. The petals are generally completely fused. If an outer operculum (calyptra calyx) is present, it covers the inner operculum (calyptra corolla). Species of the subgenus Monocalyptrus have only a calyptra corolla (inner operculum) while in most other species, a calyptra calyx is also present, at least early in flower development. Not the same structure as a spore capsule calyptra or fruit operculum. Sometimes erroneously referred to as part of a fruit.
A small pistillate flower (PO:0025599) on the margin of a head-type (capitulum) inflorescence (PO:0009049).
Found in the Asteraceae, surrounding the disk flowers (PO:0025332). Usually zygomorphic, and different in form from disk flowers. Usually pistillate but sterile.
A small flower (PO:0009046) in the center of a head-type (capitulum) inflorescence (PO:0009049).
Found in the Asteraceae. May be actinomorphic or bilabiate, often bisexual. Usually surrounded by and different in form from ray flowers (PO:0025331).
A unifacial leaf that is flat in cross section due to a lamina that develops in a median plane (perpendicular to the axis), rather a transverse plane (tangent to the axis) throughout all of part of the length of the leaf.
hoja ensiforme EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
Common in many monocots and some dicots. Note that ensiform leaves have two sides, but both sides arise from the same surface of the leaf meristem (abaxial or adaxial). In some leaves, the petiole may twist, giving the appearance that the lamina is ensiform, but it is not.
A unifacial leaf that is round in cross section throughout all of part of the length of the leaf.
hoja cilíndrica EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
The surface of a terete leaf corresponds to either the adaxial or abaxial surface of a normal leaf.
An adult ensiform leaf with a lamina that develops in a median plane, rather a transverse plane, throughout the length of the leaf and is a result of increased activity of the adaxial meristem early in development.
filodio EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
Common in legumes of the genus Acacia. Similar development occurs in other ensiform leaves in some monocots, but they are not called phyllodes. Transitional leaves also occur, in which the basal portion of the leaf develops similar to a phyllode, but the apical portion of the leaf develops normal leaflets (see PO:0025336, transition phyllode leaf). Phyllodes are generally xeromorphic.
A transition vascular leaf in which the basal portion of the leaf has unifacial lamina development in a median plane, similar to a phyllode, and the apical portion of the leaf develops leaflets similar to a juvenile leaf.
filodio transicional EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
Common in seedlings of legumes of the genus Acacia. May also occur later, after the plant has begun to produce phyllodes.
A maximal whole plant development stage.
vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage.
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497).
etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact)
Includes flower development stage (PO:0007615), corolla development stage (PO:0007604), and inflorescence development stage (PO:0001083).
collective plant organ structure development stage
A multi-tissue plant structure development stage (PO:0025571) that has as primary participant a plant organ (PO:0009008) .
etapa de desarrollo de un &#243rgano (Spanish, exact)
Includes development stages for leaves and roots.
A gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) that occurs during the interval between spore germination and the formation of a gametangium.
etapa vegetativa del gemetofito (Spanish, exact)
A gametophyte may begin to senesce or die from other causes before producing gametangia. Some plants, such as the fern Vittaria appalachiana, may never produce gametangia, and remain in the vegetative stage indefinitely. Developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) can also occur during the reproductive stage.
A gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) that occurs during the interval between the initiation of either a multicellular plant gametangium (PO:0025124) or a unicellular plant gametangium (PO:0025521) and the onset of senescence.
etapa reproductiva del gametofito (Spanish, exact)
gametophyte reproductively competent stage (exact)
A whole plant (PO:0000003) may continue developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) after it has entered the reproductive stage, and it may revert to a stage in which it is no longer producing gametantia, but once it has initiated a single gametangium, it remains in the reproductive stage until senescence or death by some other cause.
A gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) during which a gametophyte participates in a dormancy process.
etapa latente del gametofito (Spanish, exact)
A dormancy process (GO:0022611) is a developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. This term only applies to a whole plant (PO:0000003) in the gametophyte stage, not to the dormant stage of other plant structures. The dormant stage may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. Examples of a gametophyte dormant stage are the moss Polytrichum commune after it has undergone dessication (a type of resurrection plant), the boreal moss Polytrichum alpestre, whose shoot systems have annual growth segments due to a period of dormancy during the winter, the female gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba, which is dormant before fertilization, and dormancy of plant spores.
A gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) during which a gametophyte participates in multicellular organism senescence.
etapa de senescencia del gametofito (Spanish, exact)
The gametophyte senescent stage is often preceded by the gametophyte reproductive stage, and it ends with death of the gametophyte, either as a result of senescence or some other cause. This stage is distinct from gametophyte dormant stage, in which organs may senesce, but some parts of the plant remain alive. Multicellular organism senescence/aging (GO:0010259) includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well processes like cellular senescence, organ senescence, and wear and tear. The POC curators have requested to the GOC that they revise the definition of GO:0010259, to make it more appropriate for plants.
A gametophyte reproductive stage (PO:0025341) in which a gametophore (PO:0030018) and gametangium is being produced.
etapa de desarrollo del gamet&#243foro reproductivo de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
gametophore reproductive whole plant development stage
A gametophyte vegetative whole plant development stage during which a gametophore is being produced but no gametangia are being produced.
etapa de desarrollo del gamet&#243foro vegetativo de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
gametophore vegetative whole plant development stage
A gametophyte reproductive development stage in which a thallus and gametangium is being produced.
etapa de desarrollo del talo reproductivo de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
thallus reproductive whole plant development stage
A gametophyte vegetative whole plant development stage during which a thallus is being produced but no gametangia are being produced.
etapa de desarrollo del talo vegetativo de la plant entera (Spanish, exact)
May succeed a protonema whole plant development stage or may directly succeed spore germination.
thallus vegetative whole plant development stage
A vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
vena del filoma laminar (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part that is a slender, more or less straight and stiff, fine-pointed, terminal or subterminal appendage of a glume, lemma, or palea.
Found in a spikelet of Poaceae. Sometimes the awn is a continuation of the bearing structure's central primary vein.
An enlarged leaf base (PO:0020040) that is fused with adjacent shoot axis (PO:0025029) tissue.
Found in cacti and other succulents. The upper part of a leaf from which a tubercle develops is usually shed early in development. Tubercles are often conical, but they may merge with those directly above and below to form ribs, as in saguaro (Carnegiea), or they may elongate, as in species of pincushion cacti (Mammillaria). In species with tubercles, the areole bud (PO:0025353) is often found at the distal end of the tubercle. The areole bud originates in the leaf axil (PO:0009023) of the leaf that becomes the tubercle, but is displaced to the tip through elongation of the tubercle.
An axillary vegetative bud (PO:0004712) that is not elongated, in which the vascular leaves (PO:0009025) develop as spine leaves (PO:0025173).
Found in Cactaceae. Appears as a cluster of spine leaves (PO:0025173). May be covered in trichomes (PO:0000282). In species with tubercles (PO:0025352), the areole bud is often found at the distal end of the tubercle. The areole bud originates in a leaf axil (PO:0009023) of a leaf that becomes a tubercle but is displaced to the tip of a tubercle through elongation of the tubercle.
A shoot axis that is flattened and expanded.
Has an increased surface area for photosynthesis and may function similar to leaves in plants that have no or small leaves, such as cacti. Consists of one to several internodes and nodes. Cladodes bear scale leaves (or leaf scars where temporary leaves have fallen off) that subtend axillary buds.
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts a short, enlarged stem (PO:0009047) in which the shoot internodes (PO:0005005) do not elongate, and one or more buds (PO:0000055).
May serve as a storage or perennating organ. Usually underground. A corm differs from a bulb (PO:0025356) in that it does not have fleshy leaves or leaf bases but usually has scale leaves or remnants of dry leaf sheaths that form a protective covering around it. May bear remnants or scars of detached leaves. Adventitious roots may develop from the base of a corm, and these may be contractile, pulling the corm into the soil. Examples include Gladiolus and Crocus. The pseudobulb of an orchid is equivalent to a corm. A corm is very similar to a rhizome (PO:0004542) with very short sympodial units, although not all corms have sympodial growth.
A short, enlarged shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts a short stem (PO:0009047) in which the shoot internodes (PO:0005005) do not elongate, and one or more buds (PO:0000055) enclosed by fleshy leaves (PO:0009025) or leaf bases (PO:0020040).
May serve as a storage and/or perennating organ. Usually underground. A bulb differs from a corm (PO:0025355) by having fleshy leaves or leaf bases. The outer leaves of a bulb are often dry and membranous, rather than fleshy. May bear adventitious roots. Examples include Alium and Tulipa. Not the same structure as a bulbil.
A lateral root (PO:0020121) that is erect and protrudes above the surface of the soil or water.
Pneumatophores are found in trees that live in flooded habitats such as mangroves, and often have many lenticels (PO:0000031) which may provide oxygen to below-ground roots growing in flooded soils. Knee roots are a type of pneumatophore in which the lateral root first grows upward, then turns and grows back down into the substrate, forming a knee-like bend. Note that a pneumatophore differs from a prop root (PO:0000044), which is formed at a stem node above the ground, and grows downward into the soil.
A small lateral root that grows from a prop root and has a mealy surface texture.
Found in some palms and other species growing in flooded habitats. Pneumatorhiza appear as small outgrowths on the surface of a prop root. Similar, but distinct from, pneumatophores.
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) on the surface of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025) that has as part a cluster of two or more adjacent sporangia (PO:0025094).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) on the surface of a vascular leaf that has as parts two or more fused sori (PO:0025359).
融合胞子嚢を有する維管束葉表面の集合構造 (Japanese, exact)
A vascular leaf that is slender and coiling and lacks a lamina.
Aids plant in climbing. A leaf tendril will usually have a bud or shoot axis in its axil. See also leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), branch tendril (PO:0025364), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366), and prophyll tendril (PO:0025367). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
A leaflet that is slender and coiling and lacks a lamina.
Aids plant in climbing. If the tendril is derived from the terminal leaflet, use this term instead of leaf apex tendril (PO:xxxx). See also leaf tendril (PO:0025361), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), branch tendril (PO:0025364), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366), and prophyll tendril (PO:0025367). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
A leaf apex of a laminar vascular leaf that is slender and coiling.
&#225pice en zarzillo de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Aids plant in climbing. Found at the apex of a leaf lamina, but the leaf apex tendril is not laminar or it may be a narrow lamina. If the tendril is derived from the terminal leaflet, use the term leaflet tendril (PO:0025362). See also leaf tendril (PO:0025361), leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), branch tendril (PO:0025364), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366), and prophyll tendril (PO:0025367). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
Aids plant in climbing. A branch tendril will usually be subtended by a leaf or leaf scar. May be branched, may have adhesive disks at its distal end, may be woody, and may bear small leaves. See also leaf tendril (PO:0025361), leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366), and prophyll tendril (PO:0025367). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
A shoot axis that arises from the apical part of a stem and is slender and coiling.
&#225pice en zarzillo del tallo (Spanish, exact)
Aids plant in climbing. May be branched, may have adhesive disks at its distal end, may be woody, and may bear small leaves. A stem apex tendril differs from a branch tendril in that it arises from the shoot apical meristem, rather than in an axil. However, a shoot apex tendril may arise either from the apex itself, in which case it is terminal, or from the side of an apical meristem, in which case it is a lateral structure. In the latter case, the main stem of the plant undergoes sympodial growth. A stem apex tendril is often located on the opposite side of a stem from a leaf at the same node, as in Vitaceae. See also leaf tendril (PO:0025361), leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), branch tendril (PO:0025364), leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366), and prophyll tendril (PO:0025365). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
A leaf rachis (PO:0020055) that is slender and coiling and lacks a lamina.
raquis en zarzillo de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Aids plant in climbing. Differs from a leaf tendril, in that a leaf rachis tendril bear leaflets. See also leaf tendril (PO:0025361), leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), branch tendril (PO:0025364), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), and prophyll tendril (PO:0025366). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
A prophyll that is slender and coiling and lacks a lamina.
Aids plant in climbing. A prophyll may be difficult to distinguish from a branch tendril, because it may be found in the axil of a leaf, but it develops from a prophyll of the axillary bud, rather than a branch. Found in Curburitaceae. See also leaf tendril (PO:0025361), leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), branch tendril (PO:0025364), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), and leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a trichome (PO:0000282).
etapa de desarrollo del tricoma (Spanish, exact)
A trichome development stage that has as primary participant a seed trichome.
etapa de desarrollo del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
Seed trichome development stage consists of the following sub stages: seed trichome initiation stage (PO:0025370), seed trichome elongation stage (PO:0025371), seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis stage(PO:0025372) and seed trichome maturation stage (PO:0025373).
A seed trichome development stage which occurs during the interval between the onset of seed trichome initiation and the onset of seed trichome elongation.
etapa de iniciaci&#243n del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
Refers to the GO Biological Process terms seed trichome initiation (GO:0090377) and seed trichome elongation (GO:0090378).
A seed trichome development stage which occurs during the interval between the onset of seed trichome elongation and the onset of seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis.
etapa de elongaci&#243n del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
Refers to the GO Biological Process terms: seed trichome elongation (GO:0090378) and secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation (GO:0090379).
A seed trichome development stage which occurs during the interval between the onset of seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis and the onset of seed trichome maturation.
etapa de bios&#237ntesis de la pared secundaria del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
seed hair secondary wall biosynthesis stage (exact)
Refers to the GO Biological Process terms: secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation (GO:0090379) and seed trichome maturation (GO:0090380).
seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis stage
A seed trichome development stage which encompasses the process of seed trichome maturation.
etapa de maduraci&#n del tricoma de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
Refers to the GO Biological Process term: seed trichome maturation (GO:0090380).
A seed development stage (PO:0001170) during which a seed (PO:0009010) participates in a seed dormancy process (GO:0010162).
etapa latente de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
A seed dormancy process (GO:0010162) is a dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors. Seed dormancy includes dormancy of the embryo and the seed coat, although these may not begin or end simultaneously. Not all seeds go through a seed dormant stage. Most seeds that go through a dormant stage do so only one time.
A gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) that occurs during the interval between meiosis and the germination of a spore.
etapa esporof&#237tica de la planta (Spanish, exact)
Includes the stage when a megaspore is present before it develops into a megagametophyte or embryo sac and the stage when a microspore is present before it develops into a microgametophyte or pollen. There may be cell division in a spore before it germinates.
A gametophyte dormant stage during which a spore participates in a dormancy process.
etapa latente esporof&#237tica de la planta (Spanish, exact)
A dormancy process (GO:0022611) is a developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.
A mature plant embryo stage (PO:0001081) during the interval between when a plant embryo (PO:0009009) begins a dormancy process (GO:0022611) and one of the following: the beginning of the seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010).
During a plant embryo dormant stage, a plant embryo participates in a dormancy process, but not all plant embryos have a dormant stage. A dormancy process (GO:0022611) is a developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. In seed plants, a plant embryo dormant stage may be part of a seed dormant stage.
An arilloid that is an elaborate outgrowth of a seed at the micropylar end.
Generally larger than a caruncle and not hard.
A plant anatomical space that is part of a portion of plant tissue between two or more cells.
Often part of a mesophyll (PO:0006070). This term does not include spaces on the surface of a plant structure, like a stomatal pore (PO:0008032), stomium (PO:0020101), or micropyle (PO:0020025), nor larger cavities or canals that are surrounded by tissue, such as an archegonium neck canal (PO:0030066). May be filled with air or fluid.
An intercellular space that is part of a leaf mesophyll.
espacio intercelular en el mes&#243filo de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Includes the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll (PO:0005647), the palisade mesophyll (PO:0005648) and substomatal cavity (PO:0025382).
A leaf mesophyll intercellular space that is part of a spongy mesophyll.
espacio intercelular en el mes&#243filo esponjoso de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
An intercellular space that is located directly below and contiguous with a stomatal pore.
cavidad subestom&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
A plant anatomical space that is a phyllome marginal embayment, incision or indentation between marginal projections of any sort, typically lobes, teeth, or the base of cordate phyllomes.
A phyllome sinus that is a marginal embayment, incision or indentation between marginal projections of any sort, typically lobes, teeth, or the base of cordate leaves.
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), and is composed of a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acid C16 and C18 chains.
Cutin is the insoluble, covalently cross-linked polymer that forms an electron dense layer over the epidermal cells (PO:0004013) of an aerial plant structure.
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) comprised predominantly of very long chain aliphatic lipids and is part of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022).
Also includes triterpenoids and minor secondary metabolites, such as sterols and flavonoids. May be embedded within or external to the layer of cutin of the cuticle proper. Phenotypically, wax is distinguished as the glaucous or whitish bloom on a part of a plant shoot system that corresponds to crystalloid epicuticular wax with light scattering capacity.
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), composed primarily of cutin (PO:0025385), embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386).
cut&#237cula propia de la planta (Spanish, exact)
A portion of cuticular wax (PO:0025386) that forms crystalloids or a smooth film on the exterior of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022).
Epicuticular waxes may take a variety of forms, such as plates, ribbons, tubes, and rods.
A portion of cuticular wax (PO:0025386) that is an amorphous mixture of lipids embedded in the cutin (PO:0025385) of a plant cuticle proper (PO:0025387).
The intercuticular wax is located adjacent to the cell wall.
A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) above the first order that is connected to another vein only at one end.
May be branched or simple. May be found inside a lamina areole. Usually used with third order or higher veins. If vein order is known, an additional annotation should be place on secondary vein (PO:0020140), tertiary vein (PO:0008021), quaternary vein (PO:0008022), or higher order vein (PO:0008023).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396) and is completely surrounded by phyllome lamina veins (PO:0025348) and cannot be divided into any smaller parts that are completely surrounded by phyllome lamina veins.
areola de la l&#225mina (Spanish, exact)
Any order of phyllome lamina vein can form the sides of a phyllome lamina areole. Taken together, the phyllome lamina areoles form a contiguous field of polygons over the area of a phyllome lamina.
A phyllome lamina areole (PO:0025391) that is part of a leaf lamina (PO:0020039) and is completely surrounded by leaf lamina veins (PO:0020138) and cannot be divided into any smaller parts that are completely surrounded by leaf lamina veins.
areola de la l&#225mina foliar (Spanish, exact)
Any order of leaf lamina vein can form the sides of a leaf lamina areole. Taken together, the leaf lamina areoles form a contiguous field of polygons over the area of a leaf lamina. Free ending veinlets (PO:0025390) may be found within a leaf lamina areole.
A collective organ part structure that has a parts one or more pappus elements (scales, awns, or bristles) at the apex of an inferior ovary just beneath or outside the corolla.
Found in flowers and fruits (cypsela) of the Asteraceae. May aid in dispersal by wind or animals. Considered by some to be an evolutionarily modified upper calyx portion, the lower portion having been incorporated into the floral tube casing adnate to the ovary wall; considered by others to be an outgrowth from the ovary wall.
A cardinal organ part that is a segment of a pappus.
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046).
Includes phyllomes such as anthers and petals, as well as shoot axes such as androphores and gynophores.
A plant organ lamina (PO:0025513) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
A leaf mesophyll intercellular space that is part of a palisade mesophyll.
espacio intercelular del mes&#243filo en palisada (Spanish, exact)
A substomatal cavity that is part of a phyllome.
cavidad subestom&#225tica del filoma (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome substomatal cavity that is part of a leaf mesophyll.
cavidad subestom&#225tica de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is found on the adaxial side of a developing phyllome (PO:0006001).
meristema adaxial del filoma (Spanish, exact)
phyllome adaxial rounding meristem (narrow)
phyllome adaxial unifacial meristem (narrow)
Contributes to the thickness of a phyllome (PO:0006001). There are two types of adaxial meristems. In phyllomes with a petiole (PO:0020038) and lamina (PO:0025060), an adaxial rounding meristem occurs later in development, is separated from the apical meristem (PO:0020144), and contributes to the thickness of the petiole and midrib. In unifacial phyllomes, the an adaxial meristem occurs earlier in development, is close to but separate from the apical meristem, and contributes to the thickness and cross-sectional shape of the entire phyllome. If annotating to a leaf, use the more specific term leaf adaxial meristem (PO:0025401).
A portion of phyllome adaxial meristem (PO:0025400) tissue that is found on the adaxial side of a developing vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
leaf adaxial unifacial meristem (narrow)
Contributes to the thickness of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). There are two types of adaxial meristems. In leaves with a petiole (PO:0020038) and lamina (PO:0025060), such as Arabidopsis thaliana, an adaxial rounding meristem occurs later in development, is separated from the apical meristem (PO:0020144), and contributes to the thickness of the petiole and midrib. In unifacial leaves, the an adaxial unifacial meristem occurs earlier in development, is close to but separate from the apical meristem, and contributes to the thickness and cross-sectional shape of the entire leaf.
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is found on the abaxial side of a developing phyllome (PO:0006001).
meristema abaxial del filoma (Spanish, exact)
phyllome abaxial rounding meristem (narrow)
phyllome abaxial unifacial meristem (narrow)
Contributes to the thickness of a phyllome (PO:0006001). There are two types of adaxial meristems. In phyllomes with a petiole (PO:0020038) and lamina (PO:0025060), an adaxial rounding meristem occurs later in development, is separated from the apical meristem (PO:0020144), and contributes to the thickness of the petiole and midrib. In unifacial phyllomes, the an adaxial meristem occurs earlier in development, is close to but separate from the apical meristem, and contributes to the thickness and cross-sectional shape of the entire phyllome. If annotating to a leaf, use the more specific term leaf abaxial meristem (PO:0025403).
A portion of phyllome abaxial meristem (PO:0025402) tissue that is found on the abaxial side of a developing vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
leaf abaxial unifacial meristem (narrow)
Contributes to the thickness of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025). There are two types of abaxial meristems. In leaves with a petiole (PO:0020038) and lamina (PO:0025060), such as Arabidopsis thaliana, an abaxial rounding meristem occurs later in development, is separated from the apical meristem (PO:0020144), and contributes to the thickness of the petiole and midrib. In unifacial leaves, the abaxial unifacial meristem occurs earlier in development, is close to but separate from the apical meristem, and contributes to the thickness and cross-sectional shape of the entire leaf.
A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue that is part of a phyllome margin (PO:0025018) of an expanding phyllome (PO:0006001) and has as parts marginal and submarginal initials.
meristema marginal del filoma (Spanish, exact)
Phyllome marginal meristems may develop on the lateral margins of a phyllome after the transition from a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) and may contribute to expansion of the phyllome lamina (PO:0025396). Marginal growth can occur in a phyllome primordium, but it is not considered part of a phyllome marginal meristem. Phyllome marginal initials may give rise to phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) while phyllome submarginal initials may give rise to the mesophyll (PO:0006070). May be of limited duration.
A portion of phyllome marginal meristem (PO:0025404) tissue that is part of a leaf margin (PO:0025009) of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025) during a leaf expansion stage (PO:0001052) and has parts marginal and submarginal initials.
Leaf marginal meristems develop on the lateral margins of a vascular leaf after the transition from a vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) and may contribute to expansion of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039). Marginal growth can occur in a vascular leaf primordium, but it is not considered part of a leaf marginal meristem. Leaf marginal initials (add) may give rise to leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) while leaf submarginal initials (add) may give rise to the leaf mesophyll (PO:0005645). May be of limited duration.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a portion of phloem tissue (PO:0005417), has sieve areas in its walls, and lacks a nucleus in its mature protoplast.
Sieve elements function mainly in longitudinal conduction of organic solutes. Classified into sieve cells (PO:0025415) and sieve tube elements (PO:0000289) based on the presence of sieve plates and specialization of sieve areas in different parts of the cell. Develops from either a cambial initial (PO:0000295), a phloem mother cell (PO:0000400), or a cell of the procambium (PO:0025275).
A sclerenchyma cell (PO:0000077) that is elongated and tapering.
c&#233lula fibrosa vegetal (Spanish, exact)
May or may not have lignin in the secondary cell wall (GO:0009531) or a living protoplast at maturity. It may be difficult to distinguish fiber cells from tracheary elements (PO:0000290). Compare with sclerid cells (PO:0025418), which are usually not elongated.
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that develops from a procambium (PO:0025275).
Forms as part of primary growth (GO term for primary growth has been requested).
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that develops from a vascular cambium (PO:0005598).
Forms as part of secondary growth (GO:0080117) in vascular plants. Often differentiated into the axial system (PO:0025410) and ray system (PO:0025411).
A portion of secondary vascular tissue (PO:0025409) that has as parts cells derived from fusiform initials (PO:0000079) and oriented with their longest diameter parallel to a plant axis (PO:0025004).
Includes portions of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and axial wood parenchyma (PO:0004533).
A portion of secondary vascular tissue (PO:0025409) that has as part ray wood parenchyma (PO:0004534) and extends radially in the secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and secondary phloem (PO:0005848) of a plant axis (PO:0025004).
May include ray tracheids, as in Pinaceae and some Cupressaceae.
A parenchyma cell (PO:0000074) that is morphologically and physiologically associated with a sieve cell (PO:0025415) but does is not derived from the same initial cell (PO:0004011) as the sieve cell.
May be found in the ray system (PO:0025411) and sometimes the axial system (PO:0025410) of gymnosperms. Compare to companion cells (PO:0000071), which are found in angiosperms.
A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) that connects directly to a petiole vascular system (PO:0000052) or a shoot axis vascular system (PO:0000039).
vena primaria de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Generally the largest and most prominent of the leaf veins. A leaf may have more than one primary vein. The central primary vein is the midvein (PO:0020139). Vein orders only apply to hierarchically branching vein patterns, not to dichotomously branching vein patterns, as found in some ferns and gymnosperms.
A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that is not contiguous with an apical meristem (PO:0020144) and has a parts multiple layers of meristematic cells (PO:0004010).
meristema de engrosamiento secundario (Spanish, exact)
Contributes mainly to formation of the body of a stem (PO:0009047), but may also produce adventitious (shoot-borne) roots (PO:0000042) and may also be found in the roots (PO:0009005) of some species. May be continuous or discontinuous with the primary thickening meristem (PO:0005039). Found in some monocot species of the Liliales and Asperigales.
A sieve element (PO:0025406) in which the sieve areas are not aggregated into sieve plates (GO:0097218).
Sieve areas in sieve cells generally have narrow pores and thin connecting strands, and they are not highly specialized, but instead are fairly uniform throughout the cell wall. Typical of gymnosperms and non-seed vascular plants such as ferns. Differ from sieve tube elements, which have sieve plates and more pronounced specialization of sieve areas.
A portion of phloem tissue (PO:0005417) that has as parts a series of sieve tube elements (PO:0000289) arranged end to end and interconnected through sieve plates.
A sieve plate is part of a sieve tube member.
A portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue that has as parts a tube-like series of vessel members (PO:0002003), the common walls of which have perforations.
A sclerenchyma cell (PO:0000077) with many pits in the secondary cell wall.
Usually not very elongated. The lumen of a sclerid cell is occluded by the secondary cell wall.
A fiber tracheid (PO:0000355) that has as parts one or more thin internal partitions or septa.
fibro-traqueida septada (Spanish, exact)
A septate fiber tracheid septum is composed of the adjacent primary cell walls of two internal cells that arise from mitosis within the septate fiber tracheid after it has formed a secondary cell wall (GO:0009531).
A libriform fiber cell (PO:0004520) that has as parts one or more thin internal partitions or septa.
fibra libriforme septada (Spanish, exact)
A septate libriform fiber cell septum is composed of the adjacent primary cell walls of two internal cells that arise from mitosis within the septate libriform fiber cell after it has formed a secondary cell wall (GO:0009531).
A phloem fiber cell (PO:0004519) that has as parts one or more thin internal partitions or septa.
fibra del floema septada (Spanish, exact)
A septatephloem fiber cell septum is composed of the adjacent primary cell walls of two internal cells that arise from mitosis within the septate phloem fiber cell after it has formed a secondary cell wall (GO:0009531).
A xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274) in which the inner-most layer of the secondary cell wall (GO:0009531) contains abundant cellulose and is poor in lignin.
Often found in reaction wood in dicots and in some phloem fiber cells (PO:0004519), as in Linum usitatissimum. In gelatinous fiber cells, the inner layer of the cell wall is a cellulosic gelatinous-layer or G-layer, which may be relatively porous and less compact than the outer layers of the cell wall and may absorb water and swell.
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
etapa de desarrollo de tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A plant tissue development stage (PO:0025423) that has as primary participant a portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015).
etapa de desarrollo del tejido vascular (Spanish, exact)
A vascular tissue development stage (PO:0025424) that has as primary participant a portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue.
etapa de desarrollo del xilema (Spanish, exact)
A vascular tissue development stage (PO:0025424) that has as primary participant a portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue.
etapa de desarrollo del floema (Spanish, exact)
A xylem development stage (PO:0025425) that has as primary participant a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) tissue during the interval between the beginning of a cell division stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025463) and the death of the last living cell in the secondary xylem.
etapa de desarrollo del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
During a secondary xylem development stage (also called a wood development stage), the cells of secondary xylem (PO:0005848), including tracheary elements (PO:0000290), xylem fiber cells (PO:0000274), and wood parenchyma cells (PO:0004525) undergo cellular developmental processes (GO:0048869) such as cell division (GO:0051301), cell growth (GO:0016049), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), or cell death (GO:0008219). The transition from sapwood to heartwood marks the end of the secondary xylem development stage.
A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue in which the planes of cell division in each layer are anticlinal to the surface of the phyllome (PO:0006001).
meristema en placa del filoma (Spanish, exact)
The activity of a phyllome plate meristem results in increase in the surface area, but not thickness of a phyllome.
A phyllome plate meristem (PO:0025428) in the vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
meristema en placa de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
The activity of a leaf plate meristem results in increase in the surface area, but not thickness of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128).
The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology.
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
This is the region where you have the maximum concentration of auxin in the SAM (at least in a few species that have been studied).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a cotyledon primordium (PO:0000015) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of an embryo shoot apical meristem (PO:0006362).
precursor de cotiled&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029).
Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042).
A vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a petiole vascular system (PO:0000052).
haz vascular del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
A cork cambium (PO:0005599) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
cambium suber&#237geno del &#225pice del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
A cork cambium (PO:0005599) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
cambium suber&#237geno de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A vascular cambium (PO:0005598) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
cambium vascular del eje del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
A vascular cambium (PO:0005598) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
cambium vascular de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is part of a plant axis (PO:0025004) and has as parts a cambium (PO:0005597) and adjacent cells.
The cambial zone generally consists of the initial cells of the cambium and their immediate derivatives, arranged in radial files. This term is used for the cambium (PO:0005597) and surrounding area, especially when the borders of the cambium are not clear.
A cambial zone that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
zona cambial del eje del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
Includes a cambium (PO:0005597) and adjacent cells. This term is used when the borders of the cambium are not clear.
A cambial zone that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
zona cambial de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A secondary thickening meristem (PO:0025414) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047).
meristema de engrosamiento secundario del tallo (Spanish, exact)
A secondary thickening meristem (PO:0025414) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
meristema de engrosamiento secundario de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
A tracheary element (PO:0000290) that is part of a primary xylem tissue (PO:0005849).
elemento de tr&#225quea del xilema primario (Spanish, exact)
A tracheary element (PO:0000290) that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue (PO:0005848).
elemento de tr&#225quea del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
A tracheid (PO:0000301) that is part of a xylem tissue (PO:0005849).
traqueida del xilema primario (Spanish, exact)
A tracheid PO:0000301 that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue (PO:0005848).
traqueida del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
A xylem vessel member (PO:0002003) that is part of a primary xylem tissue (PO:0005849).
elemento vaso del xilema primario (Spanish, exact)
A xylem vessel member (PO:0002003) that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue (PO:0005848).
elemento vaso del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
A xylem vessel (PO:0025417) that is part of a primary xylem tissue (PO:0005849).
vaso del xilema primario (Spanish, exact)
A xylem vessel (PO:0025417) that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue (PO:0005848).
vaso del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
A sieve element (PO:0025406) that is part of a portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075).
elemento criboso del floema primario (Spanish, exact)
A sieve element (PO:0025406) that is part of a portion of secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
elemento criboso del floema secundario (Spanish, exact)
A sieve cell (PO:0025415) that is part of a portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075).
c&#233lula cribosa del floema primario (Spanish, exact)
A sieve tube element (PO:0000289) that is part of a portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075).
elemento de tubo criboso del floema primario (Spanish, exact)
primary phloem sieve tube member (exact)
primary phloem sieve-tube element (exact)
A sieve cell (PO:0025415) that is part of a portion of secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
c&#233lula cribosa del floema secundario (Spanish, exact)
A sieve tube element (PO:0000289) that is part of a portion of secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
elemento de tubo criboso del floema secundario (Spanish, exact)
secondary phloem sieve tube member (exact)
secondary phloem sieve-tube element (exact)
A companion cell (PO:0000400) that is a transfer cell (PO:0000078) with many cell wall invaginations.
c&#233lula de trasnferencia acompa&#241ante (Spanish, exact)
Plasmodesmata between a transfer companion cell and adjacent mesophyll cells may be few in number. Transfer companion cells are found in plants that use apoplastic phloem loading. Unlike sieve tube elements (PO:0000289), transfer companion cells retain their nuclei and other organelles at maturity.
A companion cell (PO:0000400) that lacks cell wall invaginations and has few or no plasmodesmata connecting it to adjacent mesophyll cells.
c&#233lula ordinaria acompa&#241ante (Spanish, exact)
Found in plants that use apoplastic phloem loading. Unlike sieve tube elements (PO:0000289), ordinary companion cells retain their nuclei and other organelles at maturity.
A companion cell (PO:0000400) that has dense cytoplasm, a small vacuole, proplastids rather than chloroplasts, and abundant and highly branched plasmodesmata linking it to adjacent mesophyll cells.
c&#233lula intermediaria acompa&#241ante (Spanish, exact)
Intermediary companion cells translocate high concentrations of raffinose-family oligosaccharides and are found in plants that use symplastic phloem loading. Unlike sieve tube elements (PO:0000289), intermediary companion cells retain their nuclei and other organelles at maturity.
A secondary xylem tracheary element (PO:0025445) that is part of a portion of early wood (PO:0004515).
Early wood tracheary elements generally have larger cell lumens than late wood tracheary elements (PO:0025462) of the same growth ring (PO:0004514).
A secondary xylem tracheary element (PO:0025445) that is part of a portion of late wood (PO:0004516).
elemento de tr&#225quea de madera temprana (Spanish, exact)
Late wood tracheary elements generally have smaller cell lumens than early wood tracheary elements (PO:0025461) of the same growth ring (PO:0004514).
A secondary xylem development stage (PO:0025427) that occurs during the interval between the first and last cell division in a portion of secondary xylem tissue (PO:0005848), during which cells are produced by divisions of cambial initials (PO:0000295) or xylem mother cells.
elemento de tr&#225quea de madera tard&#237a (Spanish, exact)
This stage includes production of xylem mother cells by cambial initials and production of tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or other xylem cells by xylem mother cells. Precedes a cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025469), although cell differentiation may begin before a cell division stage of secondary xylem ends.
A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025469) that occurs during the interval between the end of a cell division stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025463) and the onset of a secondary cell wall formation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025465), during which the cells undergo cell growth (GO:0016049).
etapa de expansi&#243n celular del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
This stage succeeds a cell division stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025463) and precedes secondary cell wall formation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025465). At least part of this stage can be easily observed in woody species containing xylem vessels (PO:0025417).
A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025469) that occurs during the interval between the onset of secondary wall biogenesis (GO:0009834) of the cells in a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and the beginning of a cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025466).
estapa de formaci&#243n de la pared secundaria celular del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
During this stage, secondary cell walls (GO:0009531) are being formed in a portion of secondary xylem tissue, preventing further expansion of the cells. This stage succeeds a cell expansion stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025464) and precedes a cell death stage of secondary xylem.
secondary cell wall formation stage of secondary xylem
A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025469) that occurs during the interval between the first cell death of a tracheary element (PO:0000290) or non-septate xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274) and the death of the last secondary xylem parenchyma cell (PO:0004525) or septate fiber cell (PO:0004521) in a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848).
etapa de muerte celular del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
During this stage, the cells of a portion of secondary xylem are undergoing cell death (GO:0008219), sometimes called apoptosis. Death of the tracheary elements and non-septate xylem fiber cells generally precedes the death of secondary parenchyma cells and septate fiber cells. Once all cells in portion of secondary xylem are dead, it transitions from sapwood (PO:0004513) to heartwood (PO:0004512), and secondary xylem development ends.
A cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025466) that occurs during the interval between the first and last cell death of a tracheary element (PO:0000290) or non-septate xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274).
etapa de muerte del elemento de tr&#225a del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
During this stage, the tracheary elements and non-septate xylem fiber cells of a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) undergo cell death (GO:0008219), but most of the secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525) and septate xylem fiber cells (septate fiber tracheid, PO:0025419, and septate libriform fiber cell, PO:0025420) remain alive. Precedes a secondary xylem parenchyma cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025468).
tracheary element death stage of secondary xylem
A cell death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025466) that occurs during the interval between the last cell death of a tracheary element (PO:0000290) or non-septate xylem fiber cell (PO:0000274) and the last cell death in a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848).
etapa de muerte de las c&#233lulas parenquim&#225ticas del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
During this stage, the secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525) and septate xylem fiber cells (septate fiber tracheid, PO:0025419, and septate libriform fiber cell, PO:0025420) of a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) undergo cell death (GO:0008219). Succeeds a tracheary element death stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025467). Once all cells in portion of secondary xylem are dead, it transitions from sapwood (PO:0004513) to heartwood (PO:0004512), and secondary xylem development ends.
secondary xylem parenchyma cell death stage of secondary xylem
A secondary xylem development stage (PO:0025427) that occurs during the interval between the end of a cell division stage of secondary xylem (PO:0025463) and the death of the last living cell in the secondary xylem.
etapa de diferenciaci&#243 celular del xilema secundario (Spanish, exact)
During a this stage, cells of secondary xylem undergo cell differentiation (GO:0030154), including cell growth (GO:0016049), cell morphogenisis (GO:0000902), or cell death (GO:0008219). Cell death is considered part of differentiation in secondary xylem, because it is an essential part of wood development. This stage succeeds the last cell division in a cell division stage of secondary xylem, even though cell differentiation may begin before all cell division finishes.
cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem
A cotyledon (PO:0020030) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
A cotyledon (PO:0020030) that is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
Develops from an embryo cotyledon (PO:0025470).
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) found on either the upper or lower side of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is or was angled away from vertical, with anatomical characteristics that depend on whether it is compression wood (PO:0025473) or tension wood (PO:0025474).
Develops as a response to gravity (either tension or compression) and may function in restoring a stem (PO:0009047) or branch (PO:0025073) that is leaning to its original position. May be either compression wood, found on the lower side of a gymnosperm shoot axis, or tension wood, found on the upper side of an angiosperm shoot axis.
A portion of reaction wood (PO:0025472) found on the lower side of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is or was angled away from vertical and that has as parts heavily lignified tracheids (PO:0000301) with a specialized S2 layer that contains more lignin and has a larger (more horizontal) microfibril angle.
Develops as a response to gravity (compression) and may function in restoring a stem (PO:0009047) or branch (PO:0025073) that is leaning to its original position. Found in gymnosperms.
A portion of reaction wood (PO:0025472) found on the upper side of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is or was angled away from vertical and that has as parts gelatinous fiber cells (PO:0025422).
Develops as a response to gravity (tension) and may function in restoring a stem (PO:0009047) or branch (PO:0025073) that is leaning to its original position. Found in angiosperms. Secondary xylem tracheary elements (PO:0025445) in tension wood are often longer than the tracheary elements in non-tension wood of the same plant. The gelatinous fiber cells found in reaction wood have a cell wall inner layer (G layer) that contains abundant cellulose and is poor in lignin.
A root development stage (PO:0007520) during which a coleorhiza (PO:0020034) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
A root (PO:0009005) that develops from a tuberous root (PO:0025523) and is further radially enlarged for storage.
Functions in storage. This term should be used for tubers derived from roots (PO:0009005), as found in Cassava or sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), not for tubers derived from branches (PO:0025073), as found in potatoes and yams. Use the term shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543), aerial tuber (PO:0004548), or subterranean tuber (PO:0004547) for tubers derived from branches. A tuberous root tuber may be distinguished from a tuber that is derived from a branch by the presence of a root cap (PO:0020123) early in development, or the presence of lateral roots (PO:0020121) or their remnants. Sometimes tuber roots bear vegetative buds (PO:0000058) like a tuber derived from a branch. A tuberous root tuber usually develops from a shoot-borne root (PO:0000042) or a lateral root (PO:0020121).
A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222).
floral structure primordia (exact, plural)
portion of floral structure primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact)
If annotating to a primordium of a floral structure, it is better to use the more specific term, such as petal primordium (PO:0000021) or anther primordium (PO:0006089).
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an androecium (PO:0009061).
portion of androecium primordium tissue (exact)
primordium del androecio (Spanish, exact)
Use stamen primordium (PO:0004705) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual stamen (PO:0009029).
A root primordium (PO:0005029) that is committed to the development of a basal root (PO:0025002).
portion of basal root primordium tissue (exact)
primordio basal de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
下胚軸由来の根の原基(可視的）、不定根原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact)
Transition from basal root primordium to basal root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
A root primordium (PO:0005029) that is committed to the development of a shoot-borne root (PO:0000042).
portion of shoot-borne root primordium tissue (exact)
primordio del eje del epiblasto de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
Transition from shoot-borne root primordium to shoot-borne root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops as part of a leaf primordium (PO:0000017) of a compound leaf (PO:0020043) and is committed to the development of a leaflet (PO:0020049).
portion of leaflet primordium tissue (exact)
primordio del fol&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
Leaflets of palms does not develop from leaflet primordia but by separation of segments of a leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a bract primordium (PO:0025487) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a reproductive shoot apical meristem (PO:0008028).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a lodicule primordium (PO:0008040) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
anlagen del lod&#237culo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a petal primordium (PO:0000021) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a sepal primordium (PO:0004704) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a stamen primordium (PO:0004705) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025487) that is committed to the development of a flower bract (PO:0009055).
portion of bract primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
A bract primordium (PO:0025128) is committed to the development of a flower bract (PO:0009034).
portion of flower bract primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de la br&#225ctea floral (Spanish, exact)
A bract primordium (PO:0025128) is committed to the development of an inflorescence bract (PO:0009054).
inflorescence bract primordia (exact, plural)
primordio de la br&#225ctea de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
portion of inflorescence bract primordium tissue (related)
A plant ovule (PO:0020006) that is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072).
A plant ovule (PO:0020006) that is part of an ovuliferous scale (add).
&#243vulo de la escama ovul&#237fera (Spanish, exact)
A lateral root primordium (PO:0000016) that develops from a portion of pericycle tissue (PO:0006203) and is committed to the development of a pericyclic lateral root (PO:0025494).
primordio de ra&#237z lateral peric�clica (Spanish, exact)
A lateral root primordium (PO:0000016) that develops from a portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) other than a pericycle (PO:0006203) and is committed to the development of a non-pericyclic lateral root (PO:0025495).
primordio de ra&#237z lateral no peric�clica (Spanish, exact)
内鞘以外の組織から発生する分枝根始原体 (Japanese, exact)
A non-pericyclic lateral root primordium may develop from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants.
A lateral root (PO:0025495) that develops from a pericyclic lateral root primordium (PO:0025492).
ra&#237z lateral peric&#237clica (Spanish, exact)
A pericyclic lateral root primordium develops from cells that are part of a pericycle (PO:0006203). This is the most common type of lateral root in seed plants.
A lateral root (PO:0025495) that develops from a non-pericyclic lateral root primordium (PO:0025493).
ra&#237z lateral no peric�clica (Spanish, exact)
A non-pericyclic lateral root primordium develops from cells that are not part of a pericycle (PO:0006203). Develops from cells in an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types.
estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact)
This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006).
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) and includes portions of plant tissues (PO:0009007) of at least two different types.
parte cardinal de estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
複数の組織からなる植物構造の基本（主要）部分 (Japanese, exact)
Includes cardinal parts of plant organs (PO:0025001) as well as parts of other multi-tissue plant structures. Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Most cardinal parts of multi-tissue plant structures have both fiat and bona-fide boundaries, including parts with large fiat boundaries, such as leaf base (PO:0020040) or fruit distal end (PO:0008001), and parts with primarily bona-fide boundaries, such as leaflet (PO:0020049).
cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure
An shoot epidermal pavement cell (PO:0000332) that is part of sepal epidermis (PO:0006040) and is approximately one fifth the length of a sepal (PO:0009031).
Compare to other epidermal pavement cells that are approximately one hundredth of the length of a sepal (PO:0009031). In Arabidopsis, sepal giant epidermal cells arise by DNA endoreplication (GO:0042023) and have high DNA content (up to 16C).
A sporophyte reproductive stage that begins when a fruit (PO:0009001) on a whole plant (PO:0000003) that is not currently participating in a whole plant fruit development stage begins a fruit initiation stage (PO:0025503), and ends with the earliest of the following: (1) the whole plant begins a sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017), (2) the whole plant begins a sporophyte dormant stage (PO:0007132), or (3) all fruits on the whole plant are finished ripening.
A whole plant fruit development stage begins with the beginning of whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042) and ends with the end of a whole plant fruit ripening stage (PO:0007010). A whole plant fruit development stage can be thought of as a fruiting cycle for a whole plant that begins when the plant starts to produce fruit and ends when all of the fruit on the plant are ripe, unless the plant enters a sporophyte senescent stage or sporophyte dormant stage before all the fruit is ripe. An iteroparous plant will have a single whole plant fruit development stage during its life of whole plant (PO:0025337), while a semelparous plant may have multiple whole plant fruit development stages during its life, each of which will be part of the same instance of a sporophyte reproductive stage. Some plants retain their fruit after ripening and through dormancy, and thus may begin a new whole fruit development stage while fruits from the previous whole plant fruit development stage are still present.
A fruit development stage (PO:0001002) that begins with the formation of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) that is contained in the fruit (PO:0009001) being studied and ends when that fruit's fruit ripening stage (PO:0025502) begins.
A fruit formation stage may begin without fertilization or formation of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions. This stage applies to an individual fruit. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant fruit formation stage (PO:0007042).
A fruit development stage (PO:0001002) during which a single fruit (PO:0009001) participates in the process of fruit ripening (GO:0009835).
Succeeds a fruit formation stage (PO:0025501). This stage is to be used for an individual fruit. Fruit ripening (GO:0009835) is defined as: an aging process that has as participant a fruit. Ripening causes changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) and may make it more attractive to animals and aid in seed dispersal. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant fruit ripening stage (PO:0007010).
A fruit formation stage (PO:0025501) that begins with the formation of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) that is contained in the fruit (PO:0009001) being studied and ends when the plant cells (PO:0009002) in the fruit begin to divide or expand.
The fruit initiation stage may begin without fertilization or formation of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions. This stage ends as soon as plant cells (PO:0009002) in a developing fruit begin to divide or expand and may be very brief. This stage is to be used for an individual fruit. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant fruit formation stage up to 10% (PO:0007032).
A fruit formation stage (PO:0025501) that begins when the plant cells (PO:0009002) in a fruit (PO:0009001) begin to divide or expand, and ends when the fruit has reached 10% of its final size.
Succeeds a fruit initiation stage (PO:0025503) and proceeds a fruit size 10 to 30% stage (PO:0025505). This term can only be used if the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for an individual fruit. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant fruit formation stage up to 10% (PO:0007032).
A fruit formation stage (PO:0025501) that spans the interval when a fruit (PO:0009001) has reached 10% to 30% of its final size.
Succeeds a fruit size up to 10% stage (PO:0025504) and proceeds a fruit size 30 to 50% stage (PO:0025506). This term can only be used if the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for an individual fruit. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant fruit formation stage 10 to 30% (PO:0007009).
A fruit formation stage (PO:0025501) that spans the interval when a fruit (PO:0009001) has reached 30 to 50% of its final size.
Succeeds a fruit size 10 to 30% stage (PO:0025505) and proceeds a fruit size 50 to 70% stage (PO:0025507). This term can only be used if the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for an individual fruit. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant fruit formation stage 30 to 50% (PO:0007029).
A fruit formation stage (PO:0025501) that spans the interval when a fruit (PO:0009001) has reached 50 to 70% of its final size.
Succeeds a fruit size 30 to 50% stage (PO:0025505) and proceeds a fruit size 70% to final size stage (PO:0025508). This term can only be used if the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for an individual fruit. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant fruit formation stage 50 to 70% (PO:0007007).
A fruit formation stage (PO:0025501) that spans begins when a fruit (PO:0009001) has reached 70% of its final size and ends when a fruit has reached its final size and a fruit ripening stage (PO:0025502) begins.
Succeeds a fruit size 50 to 70% stage (PO:0025507) and proceeds a fruit ripening stage. This term can only be used if the final size of the fruit is known. This stage is to be used for an individual fruit. For the development stage of a whole plant (PO:0000003), use whole plant fruit formation stage 70% to final size (PO:0007027).
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is the larger, distal cell arising from the first division of an archegonium initial cell (PO:0025510).
The archegonium central cell divides asymmetrically to form a smaller ventral canal cell (PO:0025524) and a larger archegonium egg cell (PO:0025122). It is larger than the archegonium neck canal cell (PO:0030065), which also develops from the archegonium initial cell (PO:0025510). The archegonium central cell only occurs in gymnosperms.
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that divides asymmetrically to form an archegonium central cell (PO:0025509) and a smaller archegonium neck canal cell (PO:0030035).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is a slender, hollow extension of a petal (PO:0009032).
Often contains nectar. Use this term if the spur is part of a single petal. If the spur is part two or more fused petals, use corolla spur (PO:0025512).
A collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) that is a slender, hollow extension of a corolla and has as parts segments of two more fused petals.
Often contains nectar. Use this term if the spur is part of two or more fused petals (PO:0009032). If the spur is part of a single petal, use petal spur (PO:0025511).
A lamina (PO:0025060) that is part of a plant organ (PO:0009008).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is a projection on a phyllome margin (PO:0025018) for which the corresponding phyllome sinus (PO:0025383) extends one quarter or more of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
A phyllome lobe may be either rounded or angular at the tip, and may have phyllome teeth (PO:0025515) or phyllome crenae (PO:0025516) on its margin. The corresponding phyllome sinus may be rounded or angular.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is an angular projection on a phyllome margin (PO:0025018) for which the corresponding phyllome sinus (PO:0025383) extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
See phyllome lamina crena (PO:0025516) for a small rounded projection. The corresponding phyllome sinus may be rounded or angular.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is a rounded projection on a phyllome margin (PO:0025018) for which the corresponding phyllome sinus (PO:0025383) extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
See phyllome lamina tooth (PO:0025515) for a small angular projection. The corresponding phyllome sinus may be rounded or angular.
A phyllome lobe (PO:0025514) that is a projection on a leaf lamina margin (PO:0025009) for which the corresponding leaf sinus (PO:0025384) extends one quarter or more of the distance to the center of the long axis of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
lóbulo de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A leaf lobe may be either rounded or angular at the tip, and may have leaf teeth (PO:0025518) or leaf crenae (PO:0025519) on its margin. The corresponding leaf sinus may be rounded or angular.
A phyllome lamina tooth (PO:0025515) that is an angular projection on a leaf margin (PO:0020128) for which the corresponding leaf sinus (PO:0025384) extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
diente de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
See leaf lamina crena (PO:0025519) for a small rounded projection. The corresponding leaf sinus may be rounded or angular.
A phyllome lamina crena (PO:0025516) that is a rounded projection on a leaf margin (PO:0020128) for which the corresponding leaf sinus (PO:0025384) extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
crena de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
See leaf lamina tooth (PO:0025518) for a small angular projection. The corresponding leaf sinus may be rounded or angular.
A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) that is just inside the leaf lamina margin (PO:0025009) and extends from the leaf lamina base (PO:0008019) to the leaf apex (PO:0020137).
vena intramarginal de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
The leaf lamina intramarginal vein is much thinner than the leaf midvein (PO:0020139; syn: midrib), and is of constant thickness.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that produces one or more gametes (PO:0025006) and participates in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003).
Occurs in some green alga, such as Ulva. Participates in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003).
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is radially enlarged.
Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. May develop from a branch (PO:0025073) or a root (PO:0009005). If you are annotating to tuber, you should pick the more specific child term: shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) or tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476).
A root (PO:0009005) that is radially enlarged relative to other lateral roots (PO:0020121) or shoot-borne roots (PO:0000042) on the same plant, but not as enlarged as a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476).
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that develops from the archegonium central cell (PO:0025509), and lies at the base of the archegonium neck (PO:0030039), above the archegonium egg cell (PO:0025122) in the venter (PO:0030038).
The ventral canal cell is smaller than the archegonium egg cell (PO:0025122), which also develops from the asymmetric division of the archegonium central cell (PO:0025509). It lack a plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505) (ref? ). When the archegonium (PO:0025126) is mature, the ventral canal cell (along with the archegonium neck canal cells; PO:0030065), contributes to the formation of the archegonium neck canal (PO:0030066) by distintegrating and becoming mucilaginous. The canal cells and may produce chemicals to attract the male gamete, the antheridium sperm cells (PO:0025120).
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that gives rise to one or more plant sperm cells (PO:0000084).
In liverworts, hornworts and mosses the spermatogenous cell gives rise to a single, biflagellated, antheridium sperm cell (PO:0025120). In angiosperms please use the generative cell (PO:0020097) and in gymnosperms use the body cell (PO:0025526).
A spermatogenous cell (PO:0025525) of the microgametophyte (PO:0025280) that divides to produce a vegetative cell (PO:0020099) and the pollen sperm cell (PO:0025121).
A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death.
The shoot system (PO:0009006) develops fron the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) in the plant embryo (PO:0009009) in vascular plants. In lower plants the gametophore (PO:0030018) arises from a gametophore meristematic apical cell (PO:0030019) in the protonema (PO:0030003).
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006).
A bud development stage (PO:0025528) during which a bud (PO:0009006) participates in a bud dormancy process (GO:0097207).
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082).
reproductive shoot system development stage
A bud development stage (PO:0025528) during which a bud (PO:0009006) enlarges due to growth of the shoot system (PO:0009006).
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) during which a shoot system (PO:0009006) emerges from the bud (PO:0009006).
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) which is vegetative and develops from the division of the microspore (PO:0020048) of vascular plants other than angiosperms.
The prothallial cell (PO:0025533) is part of the microgametophyte (PO:0025280) and is believed to be the remnant of the vegetative tissue of the male gametophyte.
A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops in an unusual place.
eje adventicio del epiblasto (Spanish, exact) (related)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the apical most portion of a multicellular trichome apex (PO:0025551).
punta multicelular del tricoma (Spanish, exact)
This term describes the apex region of a tip of a multicellular trichome (PO:0000282). The tip may be various shapes. A tip of a unicellular trichome is a GO cellular component term; unicellular trichome tip (GO:0090553).
A portion of plant cuticle (PO:000022) that forms a ridge, may be overlayed with epicuticular wax (PO:0025388).
cresta de la cuticula vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A trichome (PO:0000282) that is a single plant cell (PO:0009002).
non-glandular unicellular trichome (narrow)
non-secretory unicellular trichome (narrow)
This should not be confused with a trichome cell (PO:0008030), which is a plant cell (PO:0009002) that is part of a multicellular trichome (PO:0000282). For parts of the unicellular trichome (such as branch, tip, apex), please see the GO cellular component terms; unicellular trichome apex (GO:0090552), unicellular trichome tip (GO:0090553), and unicellular trichome branch (GO:0090405).
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast (GO:0048046) or symplast (GO:0055044).
Plant sap should not be confused with latex, resins or plant cell cytoplasm.
A plant sap (PO:0025538) that is an aqueous solution which may contain mineral elements, nutrients, and plant hormones, and is transported from the root system (PO:0025025) toward the leaves through the tracheary elements (PO:0000290) of the xylem.
A plant sap (PO:0025538) that is an aqueous solution which may contain sugars, mineral elements, and plant hormones, and is transported through the phloem sieve elements (PO:0025406).
A ground tissue cell (PO:0000076) that is part of a bundle sheath (PO:0006023).
celula de la vaina del haz vascular (Spanish, exact)
A chlorenchyma cell (PO:0000076) that is part of a bundle sheath (PO:0006023).
celula clorenquimatica de la vaina del haz vascular (Spanish, exact) (exact)
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of the tapetum (PO:0025313).
The tapetum is the inner-most layer of a sporangium wall (PO:0025306).
A tapetum cell (PO:0025543) that is part of a microsporangium tapetum (PO:0025314).
c&#233lula del tapete del microsporangio (Spanish, exact)
A microsporangium tapetum cell (PO:0025544) that is part of the anther wall tapetum (PO:0009071).
célula de la pared del tapete de la antera (Spanish, exact)
A second order inflorescence axis (PO:0006321) borne in the same axil (PO:0025224) as an existing second order inflorescence axis.
accessory second order inflorescence axis (exact)
A second order inflorescence axis (PO:0006321) borne on an elongated first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
A second order inflorescence axis (PO:0006321) borne on a compacted first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104), forming the rosette.
paraclado en roseta (Spanish, exact) (related)
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is the apical most portion of a trichome apex (PO:0025550).
This term is the parent to the tip of a multicellular trichome (PO:0025162) or the tip of a unicellular trichome (PO:0025537), specifically, a multicellular trichome tip (PO:0025535) and a unicellular trichome tip (GO:0090553), which is a GO cellular component term.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is the apical most portion of a trichome (PO:0000282).
This term is the parent to the apex of a multicellular trichome (PO:0025162) or a unicellular trichome (PO:0025537), specifically, a multicellular trichome apex (PO:0025551) and an unicellular trichome apex (GO:0090552) which is a GO cellular component term.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the apical most portion of a multicellular trichome (PO:0025162).
apex of a multicellular trichome (exact)
This term describes the apex region of a multicellular trichome (PO:0000282). The apex of a unicellular trichome is a GO cellular component: unicellular trichome apex (GO:0090552).
A portion of protoxylem (PO:0000272) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses centrifugally with the oldest elements (protoxylem) in the center of the axis.
This pattern was common in early land plants.
A portion of protoxylem (PO:0000272) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the shoot system (PO:0009006) progresses both centripetally and centrifugally from the center.
Mesarch protoxylem is found in ferns and cycads stems.
A portion of protoxylem (PO:0000272) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem (PO:0005849) progresses centripetally, the oldest elements (protoxylem) are farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
A portion of exarch protoxylem (PO:002554) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) progresses centripedally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
protoxilema exarco de la raiz (Spanish, exact) (exact)
A portion of exarch protoxylem (PO:002554) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the shoot system (PO:0009006) progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
protoxilema exarco del sistema del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
A portion of protoxylem (PO:0000272) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the shoot system (PO:0009006) progresses centrifugally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) towards the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
Endarch protoxylem is typically found in stems of seed plants, and also in leaves in which the protoxylem is on the adaxial side.
A portion of root exarch protoxylem (PO:0025555) tissue in which the primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) has only one protoxylem strand or pole, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest element (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
A portion of root exarch protoxylem (PO:0025555) tissue in which the primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) has two protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
A portion of root exarch protoxylem (PO:0025555) tissue in which the primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) has three protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
A portion of root exarch protoxylem (PO:0025555) tissue in which the primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) has four protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
A portion of root exarch protoxylem (PO:0025555) tissue in which the primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) has five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
A portion of root exarch protoxylem (PO:0025555) tissue in which the primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) has more than five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
A tapetum cell (PO:0025543) that is part of a megasporangium tapetum (PO:0025315).
c&#233lula del tapete de megasporangio (Spanish, exact)
A xylem sap (PO:0025539) that is located in the shoot system (PO:0009006).
savia del floema del epiblasto (Spanish, exact) (exact)
A phloem sap (PO:0025540) that is located in the shoot system (PO:0009006).
savia del floema del sistema del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
A phloem sap (PO:0025540) that is located in the root system (PO:0025025).
savia del floema del sistema de la raiz (Spanish, exact)
A xylem sap (PO:0025539) that is located in the root system (PO:0025025).
savia del xilema del sistema de la raiz (Spanish, exact)
A petal (PO:0009032) that is part of a perianth (PO:0009058) that contains fused sepals (PO:0025584) and/or fused petals (PO:0025583), but is separate from the other sepals (PO:0009031) and petals (PO:0009032).
A free petal (PO:0025569) only occurs in a perianth (PO:0009058) that contains fused sepals (PO:0025584) and/or fused petals (PO:0025583). If you are describing a petal (PO:0009032) that is part of a perianth (PO:0009058) where none of the sepals (PO:0009031) and/or petals (PO:0009032) are fused, you should use petal.
A leaf development stage (PO:0001050) that occurs during the interval between the onset of the vascular leaf initiation stage (PO:0001051) and the termination of the vascular leaf senescent stage (PO:0001054).
In some plants, the leaf developmental stages may occur in the same leaf simultaneously. For example, leaves maize (or other grasses) have various zones where stages are occurring along the length of the lamina.
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496).
multi-tissue plant structure development stage
A vascular leaf initiation stage (PO:0001051) during which the vascular leaf primordium (PO:0004725) develops an adaxial side (PO:0004726) and an abaxial side (PO:0004725).
The vascular leaf primordium adaxial side (PO:0004726) is the side proximal to the axis of the vegetative shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148), while abaxial side (PO:0004725) is the distal side.
vascular leaf primordium polarity determination stage
A leaf development stage (PO:0001050) that has as a primary participant a non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075).
A vascular leaf development stage (PO:0025570) that begins with the formation of procambium (PO:0025275) and protoderm (PO:0006210) and ends with the formation and differentiation of the leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) and leaf vascular system (PO:0000036) and all the specialized cells of the vascular leaf.
vascular leaf morphogenesis stage (exact)
A primary xylem tracheary element (PO:0025444) with predominately annular or helical secondary wall thickening that are the first formed tracheary elements (PO:0000290) at a particular location.
elemento de traqueida del protoxilema (Spanish, exact)
In a given portion of primary xylem (PO:0005849), protoxylem tracheary elements are generally smaller in size, fewer in number, un-pitted and have less secondary wall material than metaxylem tracheary elements (PO:0025576).
A primary xylem tracheary element (PO:0025444) that may have helical, scalariform, reticulate and/or pitted secondary wall thickening.
elemento de traqueida del metaxilema (Spanish, exact)
In a given portion of primary xylem (PO:0005849), metaxylem tracheary elements are generally larger in size, greater in number, are pitted and have more secondary wall material than protoxylem tracheary elements (PO:0025575).
A flower bract (PO:0009034) that is part of the epicalyx (PO:0009063).
A collective plant organ stucture development stage (PO:0025338) that has as primary participant collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023).
estado de desarrollo de la estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact)
collective phyllome structure development stage
A plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) that has a primary participant a phyllome (PO:0025023).
estado de desarrollo del filoma (Spanish, exact)
A perianth (PO:0009058) in which one or more of the petals (PO:0009032), sepals (PO:0009031), and/or tepals (PO:0009033) are fused (PATO:0000642).
The petals (PO:0009032), sepals (PO:0009031) and tepals (PO:0009033) may be fused anywhere along the phyllome margin (PO:0025018). In some cases where the calyx (PO:0009060) and corolla (PO:0009060) are fused at the base it is referred to as a perianth tube.
A corolla (PO:0009059) that is composed of fused petals (PO:0025583).
A calyx (PO:0009060) that is composed of fused sepals (PO:0025584).
A petal (PO:0009032) that is part of a fused corolla (PO:0025581) or a fused perianth (PO:0025580).
In fused perianth (PO:0025580), the fused petal (PO:0025583) may be joined to a fused sepal (PO:002569) or another fused petal.
A sepal (PO:0009031) that is part of the fused calyx (PO:0025582) or a fused perianth (PO:0025580).
A flower development stage (PO:0007615) that occurs in an individual flower (PO:000904) during the interval between the onset of a floral organ meristem development stage (PO:0007601) and the onset of a flowering stage (PO:0007616).
During this stage, the process of floral organ development (GO:0048437) occurs. Floral organ development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of the phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430).
As a group, the phyllome founder cells encompass several layers of the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and form a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430). Founder cells do not function as stem cells but rather have a determinate fate and can be defined by histological, clonal and molecular criteria.
A sepal (PO:0009031) that is part of a perianth (PO:0009058) that contains fused sepals (PO:0025584) and/or fused petals (PO:0025583), but is separate from the other sepals (PO:0009031) and petals (PO:0009032).
A free sepal (PO:0025587) only occurs in a perianth (PO:0009058) that contains fused sepals (PO:0025584) and/or fused petals (PO:0025583). If you are describing a sepal (PO:0009031) that is part of a perianth (PO:0009058) where none of the sepals (PO:0009031) and/or petals (PO:0009032) are fused, you should use sepal.
A flower development stage (PO:0007615) which begins with the transition of a portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) to a flower meristem (PO:0000229) and ends with the onset of the floral organ formation stage (PO:0025585).
During this stage, a process occurs involving a vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem (GO:0010228), defined as the process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.
A leaf tip (PO:0025142) that is the distal portion of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039).
This is the portion of the leaf lamina (PO:0020039) that is furthest away from the stem (PO:0009047).
A portion of pith (PO:0006109) that is part of a receptacle (PO:0009064).
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a receptacle (PO:0009064).
A phyllome founder cell (PO:0025586) that is part of a vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431).
As a group, the vascular leaf founder cells encompass several layers of the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and form a vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431). Founder cells do not function as stem cells but rather have a determinate fate and can be defined by histological, clonal and molecular criteria. The analagen may consist of one or more founder cells.
A shoot-borne root (PO:0000042) that arises from a shoot axis internode (PO:0005005).
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059).
A ground meristem (PO:0025594) that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) in the shoot system (PO:0009006).
The meristem L2 layer (PO:0009021) and meristem L3 layer (PO:0009021) of the are part of the shoot system ground meristem (PO:0025595).
A ground meristem (PO:0025594) that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) in the root system (PO:0025025).
An infructescence (PO:0006342) in Zea species that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) on a compact ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623) and develops from the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) that includes as part only pistillate flowers (PO:0025599).
A flower (PO:0009046) that includes as part a single carpel (PO:0009030) or a gynoecium (PO:0009062), but the androecium (PO:0009061) is absent or has aborted during development.
A flower (PO:0009046) that includes as part an androecium (PO:0009061), and the gynoecium (PO:0009062) is absent or has aborted during development.
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) that includes as part only staminate flowers (PO:0025600).
A gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) during which a microgametophyte (PO:0025280) develops.
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that consists of a complex mixture of organic aromatic compounds such as mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoids.
Plant resins are often produced by Gymnosperms but not restricted to those plants. In the conifers, plant resins are constitutively and inducibly produced through the secretory activity of resin cells (PO:0025604), and can be exuded through a resin canal (PO:0005665) to a site of injury or predator attack.
A plant epidermal cell (PO:0004013) that secretes plant resin (PO:0025603), and may line resin canals (PO:0005665) and/or be associated with resin blisters (or cysts).
An abscission zone (PO:0000146) that forms as a swelling or joint on a fruit pedicel (PO:0030114).
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004).
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts only vegetative tissues and organs.
An abscission zone (PO:0000146) that forms as a swelling or joint on a flower pedicel (PO:0030113).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that forms a tough, protective outer layer on a shoot axis and includes as parts a shoot axis hypodermis (PO:0005057) and a shoot axis epidermis (PO:0000112).
A portion of hypodermis (PO:0005051) that is part of a stem cortex (PO:0025612).
A portion of shoot axis tegument layer (PO:0025609) that a tough, protective outer layer on a stem (PO:0009047) and includes as parts a stem hypodermis (PO:0025610) and a stem epidermis (PO:0025178).
A portion of shoot axis cortex (PO:0000223) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047).
A petiole (PO:0020038) that is sclerified and persistent.
The petiole (PO:0020038) abcisses longitudinally and the leaf lamina (PO:0020039) withers.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) which is a small ball of cells born on a thallus (PO:0030027) and is involved in asexual reproduction.
A collective leaf structure (PO:0025022) consisting of a group of rosette leaves (PO:0000014), generally borne at the base of the plant, that are separated by very short stem internodes (PO:0020142).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) which is a short, abrupt, flexible point at the apex of the lemma (PO:0009037).
A portion of carpel epidermis (PO:0025096) that covers the abaxial surface of a carpel (PO:0009030).
The abaxial surface is the one which is furthest from the plant axis.
A portion of carpel epidermis (PO:0025096) that covers the adaxial surface of a carpel (PO:0009030).
The adaxial surface is the one which is closest to the plant axis.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the edge of a laminar portion of a leaf sheath (PO:0020104) and the area immediately internally adjacent to it.
A primary xylem vessel (PO:0025450) which is part of the metaxylem (PO:0000372).
Metaxylem vessels are composed of metaxylem vessel members (elements; PO:0025622).
A primary xylem tracheid (PO:0025446) that is part of the metaxylem (PO:0000372).
A primary xylem vessel member (PO:0025448) that is part of the metaxylem (PO:0000372).
A first order infructescence axis (PO:0025244) in an ear infructescence (PO:0025597) that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104).
A ground tissue cell (PO:0025030) that is part of a portion of endodermis (PO:0000252).
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that produces cortex (PO:0005708) and endodermis (PO:0000252).
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops in response to a biotic stress (PSO:0000011).
OBSOLETE. A plant growth and development phase that begins with either meiosis or fertilization.
fase del ciclo de vida de la plant (Spanish, exact)
The life cycle of all plants is characterized by the alternation of phases (or generations). The sporophytic phase has twice the chromosome complement of the gametophytic phase.
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death.
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis.
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between meiosis or apospory and the time that the whole plant ceases to exist.
In bryophytes and pteridophytes, a gametophytic phase may begin without meiosis by apospory. This usually occurs when damage to a plant in the sporophytic phase leads directly to the growth of a plant that is in the gametophyte development stage but bears the chromosome complement that would normally be found in the sporophyte development stage (PO:0028002). A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage usually has half the chromosome complement of a plant in the sporophyte development stage, but not in the case of apospory. A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage may cease to exist by death at any point in its development. In seed plants, the whole plant in the gametophyte development stage may cease to exists through transformation, such as when pollen (PO:0025281) releases its pollen sperm cells (PO:0025121) or when a plant embryo (PO:0009009) begins to develop within an embryo sac (PO:0025074) of an angiosperm. During the gametophytic phase, a plant may produce gametes (PO:0025006) by mitosis.
A shoot axis apex (PO:0000037) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) which is a cluster of gametophore branches (PO:0030021) or non-vascular leaves (PO:0025075) at the top of the gametophore axis (PO:0030020), forming a tuft.
In the moss genus Sphagnum, the gametophore coma is always composed of gametophore branches, but in all other mosses, it is composed of non-vascular leaves.
A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a chloronema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are perpendicular to the protonema axis.
c&#233lula del cloronema (Spanish, exact)
A chloronema cell contains many well-developed chloroplasts.
A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a caulonema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are oblique to the protonema axis.
c&#233lula del caulonema (Spanish, exact)
A caulonema cell contains fewer, less well-developed chloroplasts than a chloronema cell.
A portion of chlorenchyma tissue that develops directly from a spore and grows by division of an apical cell to form filaments that are one cell wide and dichotomously branching.
The protonema is the first structure that develops in the gametophytic phase of mosses, some other bryophytes, and leptosporangiate ferns. The term protonema is also used to refer to the phase of development in which protonemal tissue is produced (see PO:0030006 protonema phase). In some species of moss, the protonema is perennial. A protonema may develop from sporophytic tissue during apospory.
A portion of protonema tissue that consists of only chloronema cells.
Generally, the development of chloronema precedes the development of caulonema. Only the caulonema, and not the chloronema, initiates gametophore buds.
A portion of protonema tissue that consists of only caulonema cells.
Generally, the development of caulonema follows the development of chloronema. Only the caulonema, and not the chloronema, initiates gametophore buds.
A gametophyte development stage during which a gametophyte undergoes filamentous growth and that succeeds spore germination and precedes a thalloid development stage (planar growth) or gametophore development stage.
The protonema phase ends with the development of gametophores in mosses, some other bryophytes, and leptosporangiate ferns and with the development of a thallus in other bryophytes, although protonema tissue may persist of continue to develop after this.
A single meristematic cell (PO:0004010) at the tip of a plant structure where apical growth occurs.
Apical cells occur only at the tip of a shoot axis apex, leaf apex, root apex, thallus apex, or protonema in bryophytes and some pteridophytes. Apical growth results from division of a single meristematic cell located at the tip of an apical meristem or plant organ, rather than from a population of meristematic cells located at the tip of an apical meristem. The apical cell may be tetrahedral shaped, with three (in shoots) or four (in roots) cutting faces, or wedge-shaped (lenticular) with two cutting faces (in non-vascular leaves or thalli). An apical cell may be established upon germination of a spore or upon the first cell division of an embryo, or later.
A sporophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a root tip.
c&#233lula apical de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
Occurs in the sporophytic phase of pteridophytes.
A meristematic apical cell that is part of a shoot system.
c&#233lula apical del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
May occur in shoot axes or leaves of bryophytes or ferns.
A shoot meristematic apical cell that is part of a shoot apex.
c&#233lula apical del eje del epiblasto (Spanish, exact)
Divides to produces leaf initial cells (if leaves are present) and other stem or branch tissues.
A shoot meristematic apical cell that is part of a leaf apex.
c&#233lula apical de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
Occurs in the non-vascular leaves of bryophytes and the vascular leaves of some ferns. Only in plants where leaf growth is apical.
A leaf meristematic apical cell that is part of the leaf apex of a vascular leaf.
c&#233lula apical de la hoja vascular (Spanish, exact)
Occurs in vascular leaves of some ferns in their sporophytic phase.
A leaf meristematic apical cell (PO:0030011) that is part of a leaf apex of a non-vascular leaf.
c&#233lula apical de la hoja no vascular (Spanish, exact)
non-vascular leaf apical initial (exact)
維管束を持たない葉の分裂組織の頂端細胞 (Japanese, exact)
Occurs in the non-vascular leaves of bryophytes, which grow by division of a single, wedge-shaped apical cell with two cutting faces.
non-vascular leaf meristematic apical cell
An apical cell that is part of a whole plant in the gametophytic phase.
c&#233lula apical gametof&#237tica (Spanish, exact)
gametophytic meristematic apical cell (exact)
A meristematic apical cell that is part of a whole plant in the sporophytic phase.
c&#233lula apical esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact)
sporophytic meristematic apical cell (exact)
Occurs in pteridophytes and the sporophyte of bryophytes.
A shoot axis meristematic apical cell at the tip of a seta.
c&#233lula apical de la seta (Spanish, exact)
Ceases being an apical cell when the sporangium begins to develop.
A plant anatomical space that is the opening on the apical end of a spore capsule.
boca de la c&#225psula productora de esporas (Spanish, exact)
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that consists of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and non-vascular leaves (PO:0025075) of a plant in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) .
A gametophore is the leafy part of the gametophyte of mosses and leafy liverworts, excluding the protonema. Develop from buds that form on the protonema. Antheridia and archegonia arise on the gametophore.
A shoot meristematic apical cell that is part of a gametophore.
c&#233lula apical del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
Occurs in the non-vascular shoot system of the gametophyte of mosses and leafy liverworts.
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of a gametophore (PO:0030018).
Found in mosses and leafy liverworts. A stem or branch of the leafy part of a bryophyte.
rama del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
A branch of the leafy part of a bryophyte shoot system.
tallo del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
A stem (the primary axis) of the leafy part of a bryophyte shoot system.
A shoot axis meristematic apical cell at the tip of a gametophore axis.
c&#233lula apical del eje del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
non-vascular shoot axis apical cell (exact)
Occurs at the tips of the stems and branches of bryophytes.
gametophore axis meristematic apical cell
A shoot axis meristematic apical cell at the tip of a shoot apex in a shoot system that has as part vascular tissue.
c&#233lula apical del eje del epiblasto vascualr (Spanish, exact)
vascular shoot axis apical initial (exact)
維管束を持つシュート軸分裂組織の頂端細胞 (Japanese, exact)
Occurs in some ferns in their sporophytic phase.
vascular shoot axis meristematic apical cell
A gametophyte apical cell that is part of a thallus.
c&#233lula apical del talo (Spanish, exact)
A vegetative bud that develops into a gametophore.
yema del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
Occurs in mosses and leafy liverworts. Develops from a caulonema cell in mosses.
A whole plant in the gametophytic phase that has a flat growth form and no distinct organs.
A thallus is a gametophyte of liverworts and pteridophytes and develops from a short-lived protonema. Roughly two dimensional growth results from division of a single apical cell. Thalli may be ribbon or heart shaped or almost filamentous. Although there are no distinct organs, there may be tissue differentiation and dichotomous branching.
A bract (PO:0009055) that subtends an antheridium (PO:0025125).
br&#225ctea del perigonio (Spanish, exact)
When an antheridium occurs on a specialized lateral branch of the gametophore, all of the phyllomes on that branch are usually perigonial bracts. If an antheridium occurs on a main axis of the gametophore, usually only the terminal phyllomes are perigonial bracts.
A plant organ that is the base of a whole plant in the sporophytic phase and attaches it to the gametophore.
Found in bryophytes and some pteridophytes. In mosses, the foot is located below the seta. In ferns, the foot is formed from the upper hypobasal quandrant of the embryo. The sporophyte foot serves for both attachment and absorption. The outer portion of the foot is composed of absorptive transfer cells.
A bract (PO:0009055) that subtends an archegonium (PO:0025126).
When an archegonium occurs on a specialized lateral branch of the gametophore, all of the phyllomes on that branch are usually perichaetal bracts. If an archegonium occurs on a main axis of the gametophore, only the terminal phyllomes are usually perichaetal bracts. The two or three terminal-most perichaetal bracts may fuse to form a gametophytic perianth.
A collective phyllome structure that consists of two or more of the most distal perichaetal bracts on a gametophore axis and surround a capsule.
perianto del grametofito (Spanish, exact)
The perichaetal bracts may fuse laterally in the gametophytic perianth. The gametophytic perianth is not the same structure as a perianth (PO:0009058) in angiosperms.
A stalk (PO:0025066) that supports a spore capsule, the sporangium (PO:0025094).
Found in some bryophytes, especially mosses and liverworts.
A stalk (PO:0025066) that supports an antheridium head (PO:0030075).
Found in mosses and other bryophytes such as the liverwort Marchantiales.
A stalk (PO:0025066) that supports an archegonium head (PO:0030034).
A stalk (PO:0025066) that is the basal part of an antheridium (PO:0025125).
ped&#250nculo del anteridio (Spanish, exact)
The antheridium stalk raises the antheridium (PO:0025125) from the antheridium head (PO:0030075).
A stalk (PO:0025066) that the basal part of an archegonium (PO:0025126).
ped&#250nculo del arquegonio (Spanish, exact)
Raises the venter above the rest of the gametophyte.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that develops from an archegonium (PO:0025126) and is a cap or hood enclosing the sporangium (syn: spore capsule; PO:0025094).
caliptra de la c&#225psula productora de esporas (Spanish, exact)
Found in bryophytes. The spore capsule calyptra is a membranous or hairy cap or hood, composed of gametophytic tissue (venter; PO:0030038) that protects the embryonic sporophyte within the archegonium (PO:0025126). In some species, it may persist after the sporophyte develops and gets carried upward as the seta (PO:0030032) elongates. The spore capsule calyptra is usually lost before the spores are released, and its shape can be used for identification purposes.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the enlarged basal part of an archegonium (PO:0025126) and has an archegonium egg cell (PO:0025122) located in it.
After fertilization, the venter develops into the spore capsule calyptra (PO:0030037), which protects the sporangium (syn: spore capsule; PO:0025094) containing the developing sporophyte.
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the elongated, apical part of an archegonium (PO:0025126).
Early in development, the archegonium neck is occluded by a single row of neck canal cells (PO:0030065). At maturity, the neck canal cells (PO:0030065) and the ventral canal cell (PO:0025524) disintegrate, creating a archegonium neck canal (PO:0030066) for the plant sperm cells (PO:0000084) to enter the archegonium (PO:0025126).
A cardinal organ part that is the basal (distal) part of a sporangium.
Term used for bryophytes and pteridophytes. The sporangium base is the sterile part of the sporangium below the sporangium theca. If swollen and distinct from the rest of the sporangium, it is called an apophysis or hypophysis.
A cardinal organ part that is the main body of a sporangium and has spores located in it.
Term used for bryophytes and pteridophytes.
A single or double circle of peristome teeth inside a sporangium mouth.
The peristome is located under the operculum, if an operculum is present. Upon maturity of a capsule, the teeth of the peristome open to release the spores.
A cardinal organ part that is a single lobe of a peristome.
Generally triangular. Peristome teeth may be simple or compound, and may be attached by their tips to the epiphragm.
A cardinal organ part that is the apical part of a spore capsule that separates from the rest of the capsule during dehiscence.
op&#233rculo de la c&#225psula productora de esporas (Spanish, exact)
Found in mosses. May remain partly attached to the rest of the capsule.
A ground tissue cell with thickened cell walls.
Found only in bryophytes in gametophore axes, setae, or leaves. Functions in support rather than conduction. May or may not retain a living protoplast at maturity.
A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a protonema.
c&#233lula meristem&#225tica apical del protonema (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as parts hydroid (PO:0025032) cells and cells of no other types.
A hydrome is composed of only hydroids. Found in bryophytes, in the center of a non-vascular shoot axis (PO:0025029) such as a gametophore (PO:0030018) or seta (PO:0030032). Often surrounded by the leptome (PO:0030048). May function in water conduction and may provide support.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as parts leptoid (PO:0025033) cells and cells of no other types.
A leptome is composed of only leptoids (PO:0025033). Found in bryophytes, in non-vascular shoot axes such as a gametophore axis or seta (PO:0030032) or in the midrib of a non-vascular leaf. Often surrounding a central hydrome. May function in the conduction of organic substances, similar to phloem in vascular plants.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is the sub-epidermal layer of a sporangium wall (PO:0025306).
endotecio de la pared del esporangio (Spanish, exact)
Term used for vascular plants to describe the outermost layer of a sporangium wall that is internal to the exothecium.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that has as parts stereid cells (PO:0030045) and no other cell types.
A stereome is composed of only stereids. Found only in bryophytes in gametophore axes or non-vascular leaves. May function in support.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is an axial strand in the center of a gametophore axis (PO:0030020) or seta (PO:0030032) and has as part a hydrome (PO:0030047) or a leptome (PO:0030048).
Often contains both hydrome and leptome. Found in bryophytes. The term central strand is sometimes used to describe a protostele in vascular plants, but this ontology class should only be used for non-vascular plants. Analogous to a vein or vascular bundle in vascular plants.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of an antheridium jacket layer (PO:0030053).
capa c&#233lular de la cubierta del anteridio (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is a single layer of cells on the outside of an antheridium (PO:0025125).
capa de la cubierta del anteridio (Spanish, exact)
Cells in the antheridium jacket layer surround the spermatogenous cells (PO:0025525) and do not give rise to antheridium sperm cells (PO:0025120).
A portion of parenchyma tissue that forms a circular membrane extending from a spore capsule columella and attached to the ends of the peristome teeth that covers a spore capsule mouth.
Present in some moss species of the family Polytrichaceae.
A gametophore axis that is a leafless extension of a gametophore stem or branch on which a sporophyte is borne.
Raises the sporophyte above the perichaetial bracts. Found in Sphagnum and Andreaea.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that divides to gives rise to a sporocyte (PO:0006204) and is part of a sporangium (PO:0025094).
c&#233lula arquesporial (Spanish, exact)
May also give rise to sterile cells such as elators (in liverworts) or tapetal cells. In most species outside seed plants, multiple archesporial cells are part of an archesporium or sporogenous tissue.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) located at the base of a non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075) adjacent to where the leaf attaches to the stem (PO:0009047).
Found in mosses. Alar cells occur in an area at the base of a leaf that may be triangular, ovate or rectangular and is sometimes called the alar region. They are different in size, shape, color, thickness, or ornamentation from other cells in the leaf.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that develops from a cell in a protonema (PO:0030003) and has a thick cell wall.
原糸体細胞の細胞壁を厚くした細胞、耐性細胞(brood cell?) (Japanese, exact)
Found in mosses. A brachycyte is a drought tolerant cell that can act as a gemma (PO:0025614) and may give rise to a new plant. Cells of a protonema (PO:0030003) may develop into brachycytes under stress. May form a chain or be separated by tmema cells (PO:0030059).
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) at the base of a gemma (PO:0025614) or adjacent to a brachycyte (PO:0030058) that breaks down to allow abscission of the gemma or brachycyte.
May be a single cell adjacent to a brachycyte (PO:0030058) or part of a portion of tmema tissue.
An axillary hair that grows in a leaf axil of a non-vascular leaf.
pelo axilar del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
Found in pleurocarpous mosses. Form in the axils of leaf primordia and may disappear when the gametophore is mature.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as parts tmema cells (PO:0030059).
Found in bryophytes at the base of a gemma (PO:0025614). Participates in abscission of the gemma.
An axillary hair terminal cell that is the long terminal cell of a gametophore axillary hair.
c&#233lula terminal de pelo axilar del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
A axillary hair base that is the basal part of a gametophore axillary hair, below the gametophore axillary hair terminal cell.
base del pelo axilar del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
An axillary hair basal cell that is part of a gametophore axillary hair base.
c&#233lula basal del pelo axilar del gamet&#243foro (Spanish, exact)
gametophore axillary hair base cell (exact)
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is one of the axial row of cells in an immature archegonium neck (PO:0030039).
c&#233lula del canal del cuello del arquegonio (Spanish, exact)
During archegonium development, the archegonium neck canal cells (PO:0030065) and the ventral canal cell (PO:0025524) disintegrate, creating a archegonium neck canal for the plant sperm cells (PO:0000084) to enter the archegonium (PO:0025126).
A canal (PO:0025132) in the center of an archegonium neck (PO:0030039).
canal del cuello del arquegonio (Spanish, exact)
An protonema sub-apical initial that gives rise to a branch of a protonema.
protonemal side branch initial cell (exact)
rama lateral inicial del protonema (Spanish, exact)
May give rise to a chloronema, caulonema, protonema rhizoid, tmema cell, or brachycyte.
A plant epidermal initial cell (PO:0000349) that gives rise to an epidermal rhizoid (PO:0030071).
rizoide inicial epid&#233rmico (Spanish, exact)
Part of the epidermis of a thallus or gametophore of a bryophyte or pteridophyte in the gametophytic phase or the stem of a monocot in the sporophytic phase.
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) tissue that is an outgrowth from the epidermis between the leaves of a gametophore axis (PO:0030020).
Paraphyllia are much smaller than leaves and may be filamentous, scale-like, or leaf-like. Found in pleurocarpous mosses and a few leafy liverworts.
A slender, usually uniseriate multicellular trichome (PO:0025162) that grows intermixed with the gametangia.
Found in bryophytes and pteridophytes, especially in mosses.
A rhizoid (PO:0030078) that develops from an epidermal rhizoid initial cell (PO:0030068).
Found in bryophytes and pteridophytes growing from the epidermis of a gametophore or the lower surface of a thallus and in some monocots growing from the stem at the cotyledonary node. May be considered a type of trichome.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is a single or double strand in the center of a non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075) and has as part hydrome (PO:0030047) or leptome (PO:0030048).
Found in bryophytes. Often contains both hydrome and leptome. Functions in support and conduction in a phyllid. The term costa is sometimes used for the midrib of monocot leaves, but this ontology class should only be used for non-vascular leaves.
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is the outermost layer of a sporangium wall (PO:0025306).
Develops from the outermost layer of an amphithecium in bryophytes.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the internal part of a sporangium (PO:0025094), bounded by the sporangium wall (PO:0025306), and has as parts archesporial cells (PO:0030056).
Gives rise to sporocytes and may give rise to other sterile cells such as elators.
A disk-shaped cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the apical portion of an antheridiophore (PO:0030033) and bears antheridia (PO:0025125).
An umbrella-shaped cardinal organ part that is the apical portion of an archegoniophore and bears archegonia.
A protonema side branch initial that gives rise to a protonemal rhizoid.
protonema side branch rhizoid initial (exact)
protonemal side branch rhizoid initial (exact)
rama lateral inicial del rizoide proton&#233mico (Spanish, exact)
protonemal side branch rhizoid initial cell
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a uniseriate filament with positive geotropism that grows from an epidermis (PO:0005679) or protonema (PO:0030003).
May be unicellular or multicellular. Serves to anchor the plant to the substrate, and may function in nutrient and water uptake. Usually lacks chlorophyll. Includes epidermal rhizoids that grow from the epidermis of bryophytes and pteridophytes in the gametophytic phase or from the stems of some monocots, protonemal rhizoids that branch from a protonema, and rhizoids that develop from a basal cell of a gametophore bud.
A rhizoid that is part of a protonema and develops from a protonemal side branch rhizoid initial.
rizoide proton&#233mico (Spanish, exact)
A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a rhizoid.
c&#233lula apical meristem&#225tica del rizoide (Spanish, exact)
A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a caulonema.
c&#233lula apical meristem&#225tica del caulonema (Spanish, exact)
A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a chloronema.
c&#233lula apical meristem&#225tica del cloronema (Spanish, exact)
A protonema sub-apical initial hat gives rise to a gametophore bud.
In Physcomitrella patens, a gametophore bud initial typically is more bulbous than a protonema side branch initial, and its plane of first cell division is oblique, rather than perpendicular, to the plane of growth.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the outer layer or layers of a sporangium (PO:0025094) early in sporangium development (GO:0043582).
Term used for bryophytes. May have one or more layers. An amphithecium may give rise to an exothecium and other layers of a sporangium wall (jacket layer or layers). In true mosses, the amphithecium gives rise to the sporangium wall and the peristome. In hornworts and peat mosses, it gives rise to the sporangium wall and sporogenous tissue.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is the tissue internal to an amphithecium early in sporangium development.
endotecio del protoesporangio (Spanish, exact)
Term used for bryophytes. In liverworts an early sporangium endothecium produces sporogenous tissue. In Sphagnum, Andreaea, and hornworts, it produces columella and sporogenous tissue.
An initial cell that is produced by longitudinal division of a sub-apical cell of a protonema.
c&#233lula subapical inicial del protonema (Spanish, exact)
protonemal sub-apical initial cell (related)
May give rise to a branch of the protonema (including a protonema rhizoid, tmema cell or brachycyte), a gametophore bud, or may not divide further.
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of a gametophore (PO:0030018) and gives rise to a non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075).
c&#233lula inicial de la hoja no vascular (Spanish, exact)
In Physcomitrella patens, non-vascular leaf initials arise from the daughter cells of a gametophore axis apical cell. Subsequent division of a non-vascular leaf initial establishes a non-vascular leaf apical cell.
A lateral root (PO:0020121) that is sclerified and pointed.
Lateral root spines cannot grow indeterminately or supply the plant with water and solutes. See JSTOR:43235457 for documentation of lateral root spines in Dioscorea prehensilis (Dioscoreaceae) and Moraea sp. (Iridaceae).
A shoot-borne root (PO:0000042) that is sclerified and pointed.
Shoot-borne root spines cannot grow indeterminately or supply the plant with water and solutes. See PO_REF:00015 for documentation of shoot-borne root spines in Acanthorhiza aculeata (Arecaceae).
A portion of root periderm (PO:0005047) formed in response to a disruption of the root epidermis (PO:0006036).
Root periderm scars are lenticel-like structures on the tuberous roots (PO:0025523), primary roots (PO:0020127), and/or tuberous root tubers (PO:0025476) of plants such as sweet potato, cassava, parsnips, and carrots. Disruption of the epidermis by the emergence of a lateral root initiates a wound response which results in the production of a root periderm scar. Gas exchange does not occur through a root periderm scar.
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that usually dehisce.
Capsule fruits (PO:0030091) are divided into subcategories depending upon the location of sutures in the pericarp (PO:0009084) that the seeds (PO:0009010) are released through.
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which at maturity dehisces through fruit locules (PO:0025270).
When annotating to a capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which dehisces through both the fruit septa (PO:0025268) and fruit locules (PO:0025270), annotate to coccarium capsule fruit (PO:0030094). When annotating to a capsule fruit which only dehisces through the fruit septa, annotate to septicidal capsule fruit (PO:0030093). Examples: cotton (Gossypium raimondii) and rose mallow (Hibiscus syriacus).
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which dehisces through a fruit septa (PO:0025268).
When annotating to a capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which dehisces through both the fruit septa (PO:0025268) and fruit locules (PO:0025270), annotate to coccarium capsule fruit (PO:0030094). When annotating to a capsule fruit which only dehisces through the fruit locules, annotate to loculicidal capsule fruit (PO:0030092). Examples: dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia elegans) and black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa).
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which at maturity dehisces through both the fruit septa (PO:0025268) and the fruit locules (PO:0025270).
lokulizide-septifrage kapsule (exact, German)
When annotating to a capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which only dehisces through the fruit septa (PO:0025268), annotate to septicidal capsule fruit (PO:0030093). When annotating to a capsule fruit which only dehisces through the fruit locules (PO:0025270), annotate to loculicidal capsule fruit (PO:0030092). Examples: physic nut (Jatropha curcas) and Manihot brachyloba.
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which at maturity dehisces through pores on a pericarp (PO:0009084).
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which at maturity dehisces through the release of a fruit operculum (PO:0025298).
A circumscissile capsule fruit (PO:0030096) which at maturity contains one seed (PO:0009010) that is not attached to a pericarp (PO:0009084).
Example: common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that separate into mericarps (PO:0020075).
Each individual carpellate unit of a schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098) is a mericarp (PO:0020075). Example: maple (Acer spp.).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are elongated into a wing-like structure.
The pericarp (PO:0009084) can be expanded laterally or radially. The wing-shaped fruits of maples (Acer spp.) are often mistakenly identified as samara fruits (PO:0030099), but are instead schizocarp fruits (PO:0030098) with samaroid mericarps (PO:0020075). Examples: green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanicum) and tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that dehisce along two fruit valves (PO:0000033).
Legume fruit (PO:0030100) is characteristic of the plant family Fabaceae. Examples: pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), soybean (Glycine max), and lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris).
A legume fruit (PO:0030100) which at maturity separates into indehiscent, one-seeded segments.
The pericarp (PO:0009084) of some legume fruit (PO:0030100), such as peanuts, is constricted between each seed, but these constrictions are due to a lack of support of the pericarp (PO:0009084) in the space between the seeds (PO:0009010). Contrastingly, the constrictions in the pericarp of loment fruits (PO:0030101) are sclerified and contain regions where cell death leads to disarticulation of the fruit (PO:0009001). Examples: some members of Fabaceae, including Mimosa and Desmodium spp.
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are not fused to a seed coat (PO:0009088).
The common names of some species do not accurately reflect their fruit type. For example, the fruit (PO:0009001) of the peanut plant is a legume fruit (PO:0030100) rather than a nut fruit (PO:0030102). Example: pecan (Carya illinoinensis), walnut (Juglans regia), pistachio (Pistacia vera), lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), and acorn (Quercus spp.).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and a stony endocarp (PO:0009086).
May develop from an inferior or superior carpel (PO:0009030) and may contain one or more seeds (PO:0009010). Examples: Amborella trichopoda (basal angiosperm), coffee (Coffea canephora), Cornaceae (Davidia spp.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), coconut (Cocos nucifera), and almond, peach and plum (Prunus spp.).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are fused to a seed coat (PO:0009088).
Caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104) is characteristic of the Poaceae (the grass family). Caryopsis fruits develop from a pseudomonomerous gyneocium (PO:0009062), and contain only a single seed due to the abortion of two of the three carpels (PO:0009030). The pericarp of caryopsis fruits of some bamboo species is somewhat fleshy at maturity and is fused to the seed coat; these fruits are referred to in the literature as bacoid caryopses. Examples: barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza spp.), wheat (Triticum spp.), corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), oat (Avena spp.), zebra grass (Miscanthus spp.), Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), stiff brome (Brachypodium distachyon), cutgrass (Leersia perrieri), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that dehisce along a single fruit valve (PO:0000033).
Examples: milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and carolina larkspur (Delphinium carolinianum).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086), that dehisce along two fruit valves (PO:0000033) and separate from a persistent fruit replum (PO:0025267).
In contrast to legume fruit (PO:0030100), silique fruit develop from a syncarpous (multicarpellate) gynoecium (PO:0009062) separated by a false septum (replum, PO:0025267), which persists through fruit maturity. Examples: members of Brassicaceae, lyrate rockcress (Arabidopsis lyrata), mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea), field mustard (Brassica rapa), and pink shepherd's purse (Capsella rubella).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) or gyneocium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), a dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and a dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are connected to a seed coat (PO:0009088) by a funicle (PO:0020006).
Plant structures commonly referred to as ‘accessory’ (such as strawberry) or multiple fruits (such as figs..) which are comprised of accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) or infructescence (PO:0006342) tissue, contain as parts achene fruits (PO:0030107). For example, when annotating for a gene involved in strawberry development, any gene of interest that is involved in the development of the receptacle tissue would be mapped to receptacle (PO:0009064); genes involved in sepal (PO:0009031) persistence or accrescence would map to sepal (PO:0009031), and those involved in fruit characteristics would be mapped to achene (PO:0030107). Examples: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), fig (Ficus sp.), and marijuana (Cannabis sativa).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which at maturity comprises a fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085).
Examples: pepper (Capsicum annuum), papaya (Carica papaya), avocado (Persea americana), may apple (Podophyllum peltatum), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), chocolate (Theobroma cacao), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), and grape (Vitis vinifera).
A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from a superior gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a thickened exocarp (PO:0009085), thickened mesocarp (PO:0009087), and endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as parts juice sacs (PO:0006013) on a carpel adaxial epidermis (PO:0025618).
A hesperidium fruit (PO:0030109) develops from a superior gynoecium (PO:0009062), and therefore is not surrounded by receptacle (PO:0009064) tissue. Examples: orange, grapefruit, lemon, and lime (Citrus spp.).
A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and hardened endocarp (PO:0009086) and has as a part a fleshy hypanthium (PO:0009065) which is indistinct from the exocarp (PO:0009085).
A pome fruit (PO:0030110) is a specialized type of berry fruit (PO:0030108) which is encapsuled in persistent, accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) and/or hypanthium (PO:0009065) tissue. Examples: Apple, crab apple, and pear (Malus spp. and Pyrus spp.)
A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as a part a hard receptacle (PO:0009064) which surrounds, and is indistinct from, the exocarp (PO:0009085).
A pepo fruit (PO:0030111) is specialized type of berry fruit (PO:0030108) which is encapsuled by persistent, accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) tissue. The rind, or tough outer covering, of pepo fruits comprises receptical tissue and at least the exocarp (PO:0009085) layer of the pericarp (PO:0009084). Examples: pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and banana (Musa acuminata).
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that bears only a flower (PO:0009046) or a fruit (PO:0009001).
A pedicel has a single internode, determinate growth, and is the ultimate shoot axis (PO:0025029) in a plant. When annotating to this term, use the most specific subclass of pedicel: flower pedicel (PO:0030113), inflorescence flower pedicel (PO:0009052), fruit pedicel (PO:0030114), or infructescence fruit pedicel (PO:0004536).
A pedicel (PO:0030112) that bears a flower (PO:0009046).
A pedicel (PO:0030112) that bears a fruit (PO:0009001).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
Examples include mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassicaceae), wild black cherry (Prunus serotina, Rosaceae), and pokeweeds (Phytolacca spp., Phytolaccaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) and pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on indeterminate higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081).
Examples include many species Brassicaceae, such as pepperweeds (Lepidium spp.), and Fabaceae, such as melilot (Melilotus officinialis) and hop trefoil (Trifolium campestre) species, as well as bananas (Musa spp.; Musaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of sessile flowers (PO:0009046) on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
The basal-most flowers of some spike inflorescences have short inflorescence flower pedicels (PO:0009052), such as in ladies'-tresses orchids (Spiranthes; Orchidaceae). Examples include black pepper (Piper nigrum; Piperaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049), with a monopodial growth habit, which at anthesis is composed of an indeterminate first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) and sessile (PATO:0001436) flowers (PO:0009046), or spikelets (PO:0009051), on indeterminate higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081).
Examples include some amaranth species (Amaranthus spp., Amaranthaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of indeterminate, first order inflorescence axes (PO:0025104) and sessile, unisexual flowers (PO:0009046) that are each subtended by conspicuous inflorescence bracts (PO:0009054).
Examples include poplars (including Populus trichocarpa, Salicaceae) and birches (Betula spp., Betulaceae). Catkin inflorescences are often pendulate.
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of sessile flowers (PO:0009046) on a radially-enlarged, indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104), and a basal, enveloping inflorescence bract (PO:0009054).
Examples include aroids (Araceae), palms (Arecaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of a radially-enlarged, determinate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) with sessile flowers (PO:0009046).
Many capitulum inflorescences have basal involucral bracts (PO:0009045) and are often discoid or globose in shape. Examples include sunflowers (Helianthus spp.; Asteraceae) and teasels (Dipsacus spp.; Dipsacaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of a radially-enlarged inflorescence axis (PO:0020122), and sessile flowers (PO:0009046) on determinate higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081) with basal involucral bracts (PO:0009045).
heterothetic compound capitulum (narrow)
Examples include many species of daisy family (Asteraceae). The second order inflorescences (PO:0025240) of compound capitulum inflorescences are often called glomerules.
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) or spikelets (PO:0009051) on determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122).,
Examples include the majority of species in the grass family Poaceae including oats (Avena spp.), brome (Brachypodium spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), cutgrass (Leersia perrieri), rice (Oryza spp.), foxgrass (Setaria spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild rice (Zizania palustris), and the staminate inflorescence of cultivated corn (Zea mays), as well as grapes (Vitis spp.; Vitaceae), and Polemonium caeruleum (Polemoniaceae). Panicle inflorescences are most often conical in shape.
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with both monopodial and sympodial growth habits, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104), and determinate higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0020122) with pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) that collectively form a convex plane of flowers.
Examples include highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum; Ericaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with both monopodial and sympodial growth habits, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) and determinate, higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0020122) with pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) that collectively form a concave plane of flowers.
Examples include species of Filipendula (Rosaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) and pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on paired, determinate higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081).
Cyme inflorescence is used here to treat inflorescences that are commonly referred to as dichasial, pleiochasial, or polychasial cymes; each of which are named according to the number of higher order inflorescence axes at a single axis. Cyme is not used here to treat monochasial cymose inflorescences, which contain at least one repeating sympodial unit, such as cincinnus inflorescence (PO:0030132), compound cincinnus inflorescence (PO:0030133), bostryx (PO:0030134), rhipidium inflorescence (PO:0030131), drepanium inflorescence (PO:0030135), and compound drepanium inflorescence (PO:0030136). Examples include many species of the Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae, including green figwort Scrophularia umbrosa) and the Verbena family (Verbenaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) and dichasial second order inflorescences (PO:0025240) with pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046), and determinate higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081).
The higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081) of an indeterminate thyrse inflorescence may have either a monopodial or sympodial growth habit depending on whether single or paired inflorescence axillary meristems (PO:0009105) develop at each axis. Examples include beardtongues (Penstemon spp.; Plantaginaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) and dichasial second order inflorescences with pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) and determinate, higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081).
The higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081) of an determinate thyrse inflorescence may have either a monopodial or sympodial growth habit depending on whether single or paired inflorescence axillary meristems (PO:0009105) develop at each axis. Examples include lilacs (Syringia spp.; Oleaceae), buckeyes (Aesculus spp.; Hippocastanaceae) and hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata; Hydrangeaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on a first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) with compressed inflorescence axis internodes (PO:0006326).
The flowers (PO:0009046) of an umbel inflorescence appear as clusters originating from a single point, due to compression of the inflorescence axis internodes (PO:0006326) of the first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104). Umbel inflorescences are characteristic of the the Ivy family (Apiaceae or Umbelliferae), including english ivy (Hedera helix), ginseng (Panax ginseng), and the onion family (Alliaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of a first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) with compressed inflorescence axis internodes (PO:0006326), and pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on higher order inflorescence axes, with compressed inflorescence axis internodes (PO:0006326).
The flowers (PO:0009046) of a compound umbel inflorescence appear as clusters originating from a single point, due to compression of inflorescence axis internodes (PO:0006326) of the higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081). Examples include species of the Ivy family (Apiaceae or Umbelliferae), including dill (Anethum graveolens), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Apiaceae) and poison hemlock (Conium maculatum, Apiaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122) that bear pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) in a single plane, with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis, found at the center of the inflorescence.
Examples include species of the Iris family (Iridaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122) with pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046), with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis.
Examples include species of the Dayflower family (Commelinaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with sympodial and monopodial growth habits, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122) with pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046), with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axes of the second order inflorescences (PO:0025240).
Examples include some species of the Forget-me-not family (Boraginaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122), each of which develop at a branch angle of approximately 90 degrees from each higher inflorescence axis (PO:0009081).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122), each of which develops at progressively more acute angles from each higher inflorescence axis (PO:0009081).
Examples include tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum; Solanaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with both sympodial and monopodial growth habits, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122), each of which develops at progressively more acute angles from each higher inflorescence axis (PO:0009081).