An ontology describing biotic and abiotic plant stresses.
definition
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.
is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string
An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has exact synonym
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
preceded by
The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P.
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
is preceded by
preceded_by
Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
precedes
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
plant damage relationships
damage causes dysfunction of
damage has biotic causal agent
damage has abiotic causal agent
inheres in
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
inheres_in
Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
characteristic of
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
Inverse of characteristic_of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
has characteristic
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function_of
is function of
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
is role of
role_of
role of
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has_function
has function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
disposition of
A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'.
has negative regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'.
has positive regulatory component activity
A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B.
w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations.
X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)
ends after
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately preceded by
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
overlaps
x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z.
x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed.
life cycle stage of
Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin.
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity.
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit.
has component
A relationship that holds between a biological entity and a phenotype. Here a phenotype is construed broadly as any kind of quality of an organism part, a collection of these qualities, or a change in quality or qualities (e.g. abnormally increased temperature). The subject of this relationship can be an organism (where the organism has the phenotype, i.e. the qualities inhere in parts of this organism), a genomic entity such as a gene or genotype (if modifications of the gene or the genotype causes the phenotype), or a condition such as a disease (such that if the condition inheres in an organism, then the organism has the phenotype).
has phenotype
phenotype of
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
develops from
develops into
p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q.
Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process.
regulates
p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
negatively regulates (process to process)
negatively regulates
p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
positively regulates (process to process)
positively regulates
mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".
capable of
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
capable of part of
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporally related to
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has input
x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y
has developmental contribution from
inverse of has developmental contribution from
developmentally contributes to
Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p
X developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p.
developmentally preceded by
A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision.
c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.
A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway.
c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
developmentally succeeded by
p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q.
holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y
p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q.
q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of
characteristic of part of
A relationship that holds via some environmental process
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution.
evolutionarily related to
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships
mereotopologically related to
A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)
developmentally related to
a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity
c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p.
This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized.
enables
A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function
functionally related to
this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
part of structure that is capable of
c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
involved in
enabled by
regulated by
negatively regulated by
positively regulated by
input of
x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).
has developmental potential involving
x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y
has potential to developmentally contribute to
x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
has potential to develop into
x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y
has potential to directly develop into
causally downstream of
immediately causally downstream of
p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q.
indirectly positively regulates
p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q.
indirectly negatively regulates
relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causally related to
p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q.
causally upstream of
p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q.
immediately causally upstream of
p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q.
We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
inverse of causally upstream of or within
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union
involved in or involved in regulation of
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y.
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B.
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
directly negatively regulates activity of
The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
directly positively regulates activity of
A relation that holds between a disease or an organism and a phenotype
This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning.
helper property (not for use in curation)
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q.
The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
molecular interaction relation helper property
The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size).
p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
causal relation between material entity and a process
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q.
directly positively regulates (process to process)
p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q.
directly negatively regulates (process to process)
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all of which have a disease as the subject.
causal relationship with disease as subject
A relationship between a disease and a process where the disease process disrupts the execution of the process.
disease causes disruption of (disease to process)
disease causes dysfunction of (disease to anatomical entity)
Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.
acts upstream of or within, positive effect
acts upstream of or within, negative effect
c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive
c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative
causally upstream of or within, negative effect
causally upstream of or within, positive effect
The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B.
p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q.
indirectly causally upstream of
p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
indirectly regulates
A relationship between a disease and an infectious agent where the material basis of the disease is an infection with some infectious agent.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a set of relations regarding presentation of phenotypes and disease.
A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen.
X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y.
A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input.
See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497
device utilizes material
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C.
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C.
A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C.
This property only applies to anatomical entities.
This relation groups relations between diseases and any other kind of entity.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, in which the subject or object is a disease.
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
continuant
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
occurrent
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
independent continuant
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
process
disposition
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable
realizable entity
quality
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
characteristic
specifically dependent continuant
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
role
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
generically dependent continuant
function
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
material entity
A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
This is the same as GO molecular function
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex.
gene product or complex activity
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
A process that emerges from two or more causally-connected macromolecular activities and has evolved to achieve a biological objective.
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
biological process
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term.
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
curation status specification
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
PERSON:Bill Bug
Verticillium longisporum var. longisporum
Choanephora cucurbitarum f. cucurbitarum
Choanephora infundibulifera f. cucurbitarum
Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans EXF-150
Oryza sativa/Pyricularia oryzae mixed EST library
Phoma sclerotioides var. champlainii (nom. inval.)
Phoma sclerotioides var. macrospora (nom. inval.)
Phoma sclerotioides var. obscura (nom. inval.)
Phoma sclerotioides var. saskatchewanii (nom. inval.)
Phoma sclerotioides var. steubenii (nom. inval.)
Phoma sclerotioides var. viridis (nom. inval.)
Leptosphaeria sclerotioides var. sclerotioides
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola str. 1644R
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola strain 1644R
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1644R
Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola 1644R
Oryza sativa Japonica Group x Oryza sativa Indica Group
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ Pachysolen tannophilus fusant
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Pachysolen tannophilus fusant
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var. acuformis
Ramulispora herpotrichoides var. acuformis
Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens str. SDM
Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens strain SDM
Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens SDM
negative-sense genome single-stranded RNA viruses
Elsinoe brasiliensis Bitanc. & Jenkins, 1942
Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) E.W. Mason, 1927
Ustilago segetum var. tritici (Pers.) Brunaud, 1878
Galactomyces britannicus Kwasna & G.L. Bateman, 2008
Galactomyces candidus de Hoog & M.T. Smith, 2004
Colletotrichum sublineola Henn. ex Sacc. & Trotter, 1913
Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici 87KEN3018-4
cowpea Moroccan aphid-borne mosaic virus
Dickeya chrysanthemi pv. parthenii NCPPB 516
purple photosynthetic bacteria and relatives
"Alphaproteobacteriota" Whitman et al. 2018
Fusarium proliferatum var. proliferatum ET1
Bacillota corrig. Gibbons and Murray 2021
Chalara elegans Nag Raj & W.B. Kendr., 1975
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici 87/7
Choanephora infundibulifera f. infundibulifera
Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis str. PSa1-3
Fusarium neocosmosporiellum O'Donnell & Geiser, 2013
Neocosmospora vasinfecta var. vasinfecta
Rathayibacter iranicus VKM Ac-1602 = NCPPB 2253
Rathayibacter iranicus NCPPB 2253 = VKM Ac-1602
Phaeosphaeria avenaria (G.F. Weber) O.E. Erikss., 1967
Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & Shishkoff, 2000
Xanthomonadales Saddler and Bradbury 2005
Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii CBS 267.37
Grapevine cabernet franc-associated virus
Curtibacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens
Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. flaccumfaciens
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens
Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr, 1977
Nicotiana tabacum/Hyoscyamus niger cybrid
environmental samples <viruses,unclassified bacterial viruses>
Erysiphe azaleae (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam., 2000
Beta vulgaris/Cercospora beticola mixed library
Beta vulgaris/Cercospora beticola mixed EST library
Poeae Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type)
"Candidatus Mariniplasma" corrig. Mortzfeld et al. 2016
"Candidatus Marinoplasma" Mortzfeld et al. 2016
Inocutis dryophila (Berk.) Fiasson & Niemela, 1984
Pestalotiopsis guepinii var. macrotricha
Zea mays/Colletotrichum graminicola mixed EST library
Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)
Rhodococcoides fascians (Tilford 1936) Val-Calvo and Vazquez-Boland 2024
Rhodococcus fascians (Tilford 1936) Goodfellow 1984
Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae (Sibilia) A. Alves, 2016
Pseudocercosporella capsellae (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton 1973
Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet, 1969
Actinosporangium Krasil'nikov and Yuan 1961
Elytrosporangium Falcao de Morais et al. 1966
Kitasatoa Matsumae and Hata 1968 (Approved Lists 1980)
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri str. 306
Grapevine Rupestris stem pitting associated virus
Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus
Barley yellow striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus
Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Schwein., 1822
Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Dowson 1942 (Approved Lists 1980)
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Collins and Jones 1984
Curtobacterium citreum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Yamada and Komagata 1972 (Approved Lists 1980)
Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae str. B728a
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a
Grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus
Grapevine asteroid mosaic associated virus
Plenodomus lingam/Leptosphaeria maculans species complex
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. basellae
non-protein amino acid accumulating clade
Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. coronafaciens
Schizanthus grahamii x Schizanthus pinnatus
unclassified Graphium (in: ascomycete fungi)
Ascochyta medicaginicola var. medicaginicola
Helminthosporium giganteum Heald & F.A. Wolf, 1911, nom. illegit.
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex
Colletotrichum truncatum species complex
Colletotrichum graminicola species complex
Colletotrichum destructivum species complex
Colletotrichum orbiculare species complex
bacterial and archaeal viruses with head-tail morphology
Adenovirus and Poxvirus-related DNA viruses
Metschnikowia persimmonesis (nom. inval.)
Laetiporus baudonii (Pat.) Ryvarden, 1991
Colletotrichum acutatum f. pineum (nom. inval.)
Maize fine streak gammanucleorhabdovirus
Potato yellow dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus
unclassified Fusarium oxysporum species complex
unclassified Fusarium fujikuroi species complex
Calonectria cylindrospora species complex
unclassified Alternaria sect. Ulocladium
Bean common mosaic virus strain peanut stripe
Clavibacter michiganensis corrig. (Smith 1910) Davis et al. 1984
Corynebacterium michiganense (Smith 1910) Jensen 1934 (Approved Lists 1980)
Mycobacterium flavum subsp. michiganense
"Chlorobacterium" Guillebeau 1890, nom. rejic. Opin. 6 (not "Chlorobacterium" Lauterborn 1916)
Pseudomonas Migula 1894 (Approved Lists 1980)
Serpens Hespell 1977 (Approved Lists 1980)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900 (Approved Lists 1980)
probable synonym or variety: "Pseudomonas polycolor" Clara 1930
unclassified Phialophora (in: Eurotiomycetes)
Pseudomonas marginalis (Brown 1918) Stevens 1925 (Approved Lists 1980)
Bionectria aureofulva (Cooke & Ellis) Schroers & Samuels, 1997
Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers, Samuels, Seifert & W. Gams, 1999
Nectria ochroleuca (Schwein.) Berk., 1875
Pseudomonas oleovorans Lee and Chandler 1941 (Approved Lists 1980)
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. pseudoalcaligenes
Burkholderia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith 1896) Smith 1914 (Approved Lists 1980)
Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al. 1996
unclassified Candida (in: Saccharomycetales)
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strain 8004
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris str. 8004
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskense
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis corrig. (Vidaver and Mandel 1974) Davis et al. 1984
Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. nebraskense
Corynebacterium nebraskense Vidaver and Mandel 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. sepedonicum
Corynebacterium sepedonicum (Spieckermann and Kotthoff 1914) Skaptason and Burkholder 1942 (Approved Lists 1980)
Clavibacter michiganense subsp. tessellarius
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. tessellarius corrig. (Carlson and Vidaver 1982) Davis et al. 1984
Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. tessellarius
Mollicutes Edward and Freundt 1967 (Approved Lists 1980)
Xanthomonadaceae Saddler and Bradbury 2005
Triticum aestivum/Phaeosphaeria nodorum mixed EST library
Ashbya gossypii (S.F. Ashby & W. Nowell) Guillierm., 1928
"Candidatus Liberobacter" Jagoueix et al. 1997
Rhodofomes roseus (Alb. & Schwein.) Kotl. & Pouzar, 1990
"Pseudomonas oryzae" Uyeda and Ishiyama in Ishiyama 1926
Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. parthenii
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942 (Approved Lists 1980)
Rhizomucor circinelloides f. circinelloides
Rhizomucor regularior (R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen) R.Y. Zheng, X.Y. Liu & R.Y. Li, 2009
Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo var. melopepo
probable synonym: "Pseudomonas papaveris" Lelliott and Wallace 1955
Medicago sativa subsp. falcata x Medicago sativa subsp. sativa
Medicago sativa subsp. caerulea x Medicago falcata
Medicago sativa subsp. sativa x Medicago sativa subsp. falcata
Allorhizobium vitis (Ophel and Kerr 1990) Mousavi et al. 2016
Fragaria chiloensis x Fragaria virginiana
Fragaria virginiana x Fragaria chiloensis
Arachis hypogaea subsp. fastigiata var. aequatoriana
Allium fistulosum/Allium cepa monosomic addition line
Ipomoea tiliacea auct. non (Willd.) Choisy
Eurotium herbariorum (F.H. Wigg.) Link ex Nees, 1816
Acetobacteraceae (ex Henrici 1939) Gillis and De Ley 1980
Cuscuta aff. floribunda King & Soderstrom 5053
Cuscuta tinctoria aff. var. floribunda King & Soderstrom 5053
Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex
Hyaloperonospora parasitica species group
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., 1884
Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & M.J. Griffin, 1979
Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler, 1919
Eggplant mottled dwarf nucleorhabdovirus
Sarocladium strictum (W. Gams) Summerbell 2011
Aspergillus flavus var. parvisclerotigenus
Aspergillus lacticoffeatus Frisvad & Samson, 2004
Penicillium chrysogenum var. chrysogenum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, 1884
Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners, 1957
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., 1881
Pseudomonas asplenii (Ark and Tompkins 1946) Savulescu 1947 (Approved Lists 1980)
Phytophthora x cambivora (Petri) Buisman, 1927
Colletotrichum lagenaria (Pass.) Ellis & Halst., 1893
Glomerella lagenaria (Pass.) F. Stevens, 1931
Colletotrichum dematium f. truncatum (Schwein.) Arx, 1957
Parastagonospora avenaria f. sp. tritici
Luteonectria Sand.-Den., L. Lombard, Schroers & Rossman, 2021
Fusarium sporotrichiella var. sporotrichioides
Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherbakoff, 1915
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
Pectobacterium carotovorum var. chrysanthemi
Pectobacterium cartovorum f. sp. chrysanthemi
Pectobacterium chrysanthemi = Erwinia chrysanthemi
Pectobacterium parthenii var. chrysanthemi
Pectobacterium parthenii var. dianthicola
Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary & Lowenthal) G. Arnaud, 1918
Aureobasidium pullulans subsp. pullulans
Ganoderma lucidum/Ganoderma lucidum fusant
Xanthomonas campestris pv. Citri (A group)
Xanthomonas smithii subsp. citri pv. citri
Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) Heluta, 1988
Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae P.S. Gunnell & R.K. Webster, 1987
Ceratorhiza oryzae-sativae (Sawada) R.T. Moore, 1989
grapevine leafroll-associated closterovirus 2
Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Geerl., 1895
Cylindrocarpon destructans var. destructans
Sweet potato leaf curl Canary Island virus
Gossypium hirsutum/Verticillium dahliae mixed EST library
Phaseolus vulgaris/Colletotrichum lindemuthianum mixed EST library
Phoma sorghina var. sacchari Z.Y. Lin, Jing J. Wei, Mu Q. Zhang, Shi Q. Xu, Q. Guo, Xin Wang, Ji H. Wang, B.S. Chen, Y.X. Que, Z.H. Deng, R.K. Chen & C.A. Powell, 2015
Peyronellaea glomerata (Corda) Goid. ex Togliani 1952
Burkholderia/Oxalobacter/Ralstonia group
Acidovorax avenae (Manns 1909) Willems et al. 1992
Pseudomonas avenae Manns 1909 (Approved Lists 1980)
Pseudomonas rubrilineans (Lee et al. 1925) Stapp 1928 (Approved Lists 1980)
ant, tsetse, mealybug, aphid, etc. endosymbionts
Corynebacteriales Goodfellow and Jones 2015
Corynebacteriineae corrig. Stackebrandt et al. 1997
Mycobacteriales Janke 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)
unclassified Verticillium (in: Hypocreales)
Phytopythium vexans (de Bary) Abad, De Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi & Lvesque 2015
Brassica juncea/Albugo candida mixed genomic library
Bacillus/Lactobacillus/Streptococcus group
Enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts
Pyrenophora seminiperda (Brittleb. & D.B. Adam) Shoemaker, 1966
Diplocarpon rosae (Lib.) F.A. Wolf, 1912
Sweet potato leaf curl South Carolina virus
organism
animal
fungus
plant
virus
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
A plant experimental condition (PECO:0007359) or set of conditions describing the application of an abiotic (PECO:0007191) or biotic plant exposure (PECO:0007357) or the combinatorial application thereof.
A plant exposure (PECO:0001001) and/or study type (PECO:0007231) applied to a whole plant (PO:0000003), a plant structure (PO:00090119), and/or a plant population as part of an experiment to evaluate the plant response.
The Plant Experimental Condition Ontology describes the treatments, growing conditions, and/or study types used in various types of plant biology experiments. The subjects of the studies may also include in vitro plant structures (PO:0000004). The broadest classes are the plant study types (PECO:0007231), where the terms describe the type of growth facility used in an experiment. Each study type such as field study (PECO:0007256), growth chamber study (PECO:0007269), greenhouse study (PECO:0007248), or laboratory study (PECO:0007255) will also involve different growing conditions, and may also include specific biotic (PECO:0007357) and/or abiotic (PECO:0007191) plant treatments. A plant treatment (PECO:0001001) may be a component of a plant experimental condition (PECO:0007359), and the plant study type (PECO:0007231).
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280).
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431) and is part of a vegetative shoot apex (PO:0025223) and is committed to the development of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
portion of vascular leaf primordium tissue (exact)
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an ovule (PO:0020003).
portion of ovule primordium tissue (exact)
The transition from ovule primordium to ovule occurs when an integument (PO:0020021) begins to develop from the protoderm (PO:0006210).
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062).
portion of gynoecium primordium tissue (exact)
Use carpel primordium (PO:0004703) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual carpel (PO:0009030).
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a petal anlagen (PO:0025484) and is committed to the development of a petal (PO:0009032).
portion of petal primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127).
&#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038).
epidermis del pec&#237olo (Spanish, exact)
If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006).
A bud (PO:0000055) that develops into a vegetative shoot system (PO:0025607).
A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
epidermis del eje del tallo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division.
A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395).
In Zea mays and other grasses, the floret meristem is part of a spikelet and develops into a specific type of floret. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the spikelet type that the meristem is part of. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet (PO:0009051), ear spikelet (PO:0006320), ear pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006348), ear sessile spikelet (PO:0006349), tassel spikelet (PO:0006309), tassel pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006312), tassel sessile spikelet (PO:0006311).
A unicellular or multicellular plant structure (PO:0009011) that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis (PO:0005679).
This class is the union of unicellular trichome (PO:0025537) and multicellular trichome (PO:0025162). A trichome can vary in length and shape and may be branched or unbranched. It may be glandular or non-secretory.
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of an plant epidermis (PO:0005679) and gives rise to specialized cells.
c&#233lula inicial de la epidermis (Spanish, exact)
A reproductive shoot system development stage (PO:0025530) that has as primary participant a inflorescence (PO:0009049).
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0007134) that occurs during the interval between fertilization and the first cell division of the plant zygote (PO:0000423).
Precedes the sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134). Refers to the GO biological process term fertilization (GO:0009566).
A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that has as parts two guard cells (PO:0000293) and a stomatal pore (PO:0008032). May also contain subsidiary cells (PO:0000284).
complejo estom&#225tico (Spanish, exact)
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall.
c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact)
A meristematic cell (PO:0004010) that by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains meristematic, while the other is added to the plant body.
Initial cells are often part of a portion of tissue that is composed mostly of somewhat older, differentiating cells. The division of an initial cell is often uneven, with the smaller daughter cell remaining meristematic.
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) that has as parts living secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525).
Sapwood contains reserve materials and may function in the conduction of water and minerals (xylem sap (PO:0025539)). It is generally lighter colored than the heartwood (PO:0004512) and is located between the heartwood and the vascular cambium (PO:0005598) of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005). Sapwood forms during a secondary xylem development stage (PO:0025427).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) outside the vascular cambium (PO:0005598) or the xylem (PO:0005352); in older trees may be divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark, which consists of secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
A portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) tissue that is part of a portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and has as parts secondary xylem parenchyma cells (PO:0004525).
par&#233nquima de la madera (Spanish, exact)
A swollen shoot axis (PO:0025029) that grows horizontally at or below the substrate surface and produces shoots above and roots or rhizoids below.
In ferns and many monocots, a rhizome is a primary axis (stem), while in other species, it is a branch. Usually produces scale-like leaves.
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that develops from a branch (PO:0025073) and is radially enlarged for storage.
Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. This term should be used for tubers derived from branches, as found in Solanum spp. (e.g. potato) or Dioscorea spp. (e.g. yam) and other species. Use the term tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476) for tubers derived from roots, such as those found in Cassava, Ipomoea, or Hemerocallis.
A shoot system that is initiated from a shoot.
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) que nace en el epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) that develops below ground.
tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a carpel anlagen (PO:0006005) and is committed to the development of a carpel (PO:0009030).
portion of carpel primordium tissue (exact)
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a stamen anlagen (PO:0025486) and is committed to the development of a stamen (PO:0009029).
portion of stamen primordium tissue (exact)
A bud (PO:0000055) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
An axillary bud (PO:0004712) that develops into a shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as organ parts only vegetative organs.
A bud that develops from a shoot apical meristem.
An axillary shoot system (PO:0006343) that is part of a stem base (PO:0008039).
epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar basal (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is between two shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004).
internodo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005).
portion of root primordium tissue (exact)
A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
A portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue that develops from a vascular cambium (PO:0005598).
portion of secondary phloem tissue (exact)
Secondary phloem develops as part of secondary growth (GO:0080117).
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that has as part one or more tracheary elements (PO:0000290).
Functions in the translocation of water and solutes from roots (PO:0009005) to the shoot system (PO:0009006) and in support. Tracheary elements have lignified cell walls with secondary thickening and are dead at maturity.
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that has as parts sieve elements (PO:0025406).
Functions in the conduction of organic substances in vascular plants.
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) composed of polyhedral cells typically with thin, non-lignified cellulosic cell walls and nucleate, living protoplasts.
portion of parenchymatous tissue (exact)
Parenchyma contains relatively unspecialized cells.
A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that has as part a single layer of cambial initial cells (PO:0000295) and their derivatives, arranged orderly in radial files.
This term is applied to only two types of meristems: vascular cambium (PO:0005598) and cork cambium/phellogen (PO:0005599).
A cambium (PO:0005597) that is located between and gives rise to secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
A vascular cambium produces cells in both directions, centrifugally and centrifically, leading to an increase in the cross-sectional area of a plant axis (PO:0025004).
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of plant epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011).
The epidermis can be composed of one or more layers of cells. In some species of vascular plants, the epidermis, which is a primary tissue, is replaced by periderm, which is secondary tissue, later in development. The epidermis can also include trichomes, stomatal pores, root hairs, and rhizoids.
A portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue that develops from a vascular cambium (PO:0005598).
portion of secondary xylem tissue (exact)
Secondary xylem develops as part of secondary growth (GO:0080117). Secondary xylem is the wood of gymnosperm and dicot angiosperm trees, shrubs, and lianas. May be organized into axial (PO:0025410) and ray (PO:0025411) systems. Secondary xylem is often part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or a root (PO:0009005) but may occur in other organs. Some monocots have a primary thickening meristem (PO:0005039), located near the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148), that gives the appearance of secondary growth and may produce lignified tissue that appears woody but is not composed of secondary xylem. Tracheary elements in secondary xylem (PO:0000290) have lignified cell walls with secondary thickening and are dead at maturity.
A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a carpel primordium (PO:0004703) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034).
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and arises from the meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020).
epidermis del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
Often interrupted by stomatal complexes (PO:0002000) and other structures. The shoot system epidermis is different from the root epidermis (PO:0006036) in its origin, function and structure.
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a root (PO:0009005).
epidermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact)
The root epidermis is different from the shoot epidermis in its origin, function and structure.
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
epidermis del p&#233talo (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a seed coat (PO:0009088).
epidermis de la cubierta de la semilla (Spanish, exact)
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an anther (PO:0009066).
portion of anther primordium tissue (exact)
A maximal portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) in the center of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005).
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state.
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that develops from an inflorescence (PO:0009049) and has as parts each infructescence axis (PO:0025242) and all of the fruits (PO:0009001) borne by those axes.
A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004545) that develops from an axillary bud (PO:0004709).
sistema axilar del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A peduncle of a maize ear, below the lowest ear node.
ped&#250nculo de la espiga (Spanish, exact)
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003).
Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related)
cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related)
maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related)
plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related)
rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related)
sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related)
wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related)
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) that succeeds the seed germination stage (PO:0007057) and terminates with the development of the first adult vascular leaf (PO:0006340).
This terms is used only for seed plants, although non-seed plants may have a comparable phase during which they produce juvenile or transition leaves.
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0028002) that occurs during the interval between the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) and the formation of a sporangium (PO:0025094).
A vegetative growth in Solanaceae (related)
Succeeds a plant zygote stage (PO:0001097). A sporophyte may begin to senesce or die from other causes before producing sporangia. Developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) can also occur during the reproductive stage.
A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of vegetative tissues and organs.
meristema vegetativo apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs.
meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the seedling development stage (PO:0007131).
A young plant derived from a newly germinated seed, up until the development of the first true leaf.
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010).
A fruit (PO:0009001) may contain additional plant structures (PO:0009011) that were part of a flower (PO:0009046) and mature along with the gynoecium, such as a receptacle (PO:0009064). A fruit may develop without fertilization in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions and may not always contain seeds (PO:0009010). When annotating to fruit (PO:0009001) that are referred to as ‘aggregate’, ‘multiple’, or ‘compound’, please annotate directly to the appropriate plant structure, such as receptacle, hypanthium (PO:0009065) or infructescence (PO:0006342). Fruits only occur in angiosperms.
A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011).
Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall.
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately.
Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them.
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types.
porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts.
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path.
Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003).
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631).
A plant embryo is generally formed after the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423), but in the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), and other embryos that arise through apogamy, it begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryo stage varies among taxa; the beginning of a seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010).
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088).
A seed generally develops from an ovule (PO:0020003) after fertilization, but may develop without fertilization in the case of apogamy (e.g., adventitious embryos or somatic embryos). A seed is a reproductive unit of seed plants (gymnosperms, angiosperms, and fossil pteridosperms).
A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes.
etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
plant growth and development stage (exact)
Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth.
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as part one or more tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or sieve elements (PO:0025406).
porci&#243n de tejido vascular (Spanish, exact)
Functions in conduction and support. In shoot axes (PO:0025029), vascular tissue is often found as part of a shoot axis stele (PO:0025198) or as scattered vascular bundles (PO:0005020). May include other types of tissues or cells, such as parenchyma (PO:0005421) or fiber cells (PO:0025407).
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035).
The cells of the meristem L1 layer divide in a strictly anticlinical fashion.
A leaf (PO:0025034) in a vascular plant.
Has vascular tissue. From APweb Glossary: In angiosperms, commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the seed plant body, a structure usually of determinate growth, without secondary thickening, and of superficial origin, often flattened and photosynthetic in part, and in the axil of which is found a bud. Occurs in the sporophytic phase of a plant life cycle.
A leaf-like organ on which one or more sporangia are borne.
A structure upon which (or in the axil of which) one or more megasporangia are borne; in flowering plants, a carpel.
A structure on which one or more microsporangia are borne; in flowering plants, the stamen.
A microsporophyll bearing one or more microsporangia.
A megasporophyll, almost always at the center of a flower, its margins more or less fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule(s).
In some cases, a gynoecium (PO:0009062) may consist of only one carpel, in which case annotations should go on carpel (PO:0009030). The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium, but if a gynoecium consists of a single carpel, then pistil may be used synonymously with carpel. If carpels are fused, the gynoecium is a syncarpous gynoecium, as in Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. If carpels are free, the gynoecium is an apocarpous gynoecium, as in Fabaceae. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is part of the corolla (PO:0009059), and is usually colored (not green).
In some species the petal (PO:0009032) may not be colored.
A bract (PO:0009055) that subtends a perianth (PO:0009058) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046).
One of a pair of inflorescence bracts that is part of a spikelet and subtends the two florets.
Found in Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Glumes subtend the pair of florets while a lemma or palea subtend the individual florets.
A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part.
The characteristic reproductive structure of angiosperms. May have as part one or more petals, sepals or tepals. May contain one or more pistillode (PO:0009078), staminode (PO:0009077) or other aborted organs that don't show up in mature form.
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant.
A stem often bears leaves and buds. It is usually above ground, and is more or less negatively geotropic.
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as parts all of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and flowers (PO:0009046; must have two or more) distal to the most distal leaf (PO:0009025).
An inflorescence is a reproductive shoot system from which at least two flowers develop. The growth pattern of an inflorescence may be monopodial (single main shoot axis), sympodial (growth only occurs from axillary meristems), or both. An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) can be determinate or indeterminate. An inflorescence flower pedicel (PO:0009052) is the ultimate axis in an inflorescence. The flower (PO:0009046) of many plants, for example Magnolia spp., is solitary.
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that is the ultimate and congested, higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) of the grasses.
It consists of one to many closely-packed spikelet florets (PO:0009082) and associated glumes (PO:0009039).
A shoot axis that extends from the last foliage leaf on a stem or branch until the next distal node.
In plants with single flowers, the peduncle ends with a flower. In plants with inflorescences, the peduncle is the basal end of the primary inflorescence axis, and it ends where the inflorescence begins to branch. The peduncle marks the axial transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In branching inflorescences, the second order inflorescence axis from the point at which it leaves the main axis up to the point at which it branches again may be called the second order peduncle. Higher order peduncles are also possible.
A bract (PO:0009055) subtending a branch of the inflorescence (PO:0009049) or borne on the inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) below any branch (PO:0025073) or flower (PO:0009046).
br&#225ctea de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
Includes the leaf subtending and acting as outer envelope of an ear in Zea mays.
A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure.
Usually different from leaves. Often used to refer to a floral bract, but includes other kinds of bracts.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that includes as parts the corolla (PO:0009059) and/or the calyx (PO:0009060); or one or more tepals (PO:0009033).
The perianth can consist of only the corolla (PO:0009059), only the calyx (PO:0009060) or it may have both structures in a complete flower. If the petals (PO:0009032) and sepals (PO:0009031) are indistinguishable from one another, the perianth consists of just a collective tepal structure (PO:0025021), composed of one or more tepals (PO:0009033), for example in tulip or lily flowers.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that is composed of one or more petals (PO:0009032), comprising the inner whorl of non-reproductive floral organs (PO:0025395) and surrounds the androecium (PO:0009061) and the gynoecium (PO:0009062).
The corolla (PO:0009059) is part of the perianth (PO:0009058). This definition is based on the complete flower, which has all four whorls. In many species, and in mutants one or more of the whorls may be missing. The corolla (PO:0009059) often functions to attract pollinators.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that is composed of one or more sepals (PO:0009031), and comprises the outer whorl of non-reproductive floral organs (PO:0025395).
The calyx is part of the perianth (PO:0009058). This definition is based on the perfect flower, which has all four whorls. In many species, and in mutants one or more of the whorls are missing.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the stamens (PO:0009029) in a flower (PO:0009046).
androecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (exact)
androecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
The androecium also has as parts any staminodes (PO:0009077) that may be present in a flower. If annotating gene expression to an androecium with a single stamen (PO:0009029), the annotation should go on stamen. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). The development of an androecium in an ear floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state, while the development of an androecium in a tassel floret leads to a functional androecium.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046).
gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
If annotating gene expression to a gynoecium with a single carpel (PO:0009030), the annotation should go on carpel. A gynoecium with two or more carpels may be either syncarpous (carpels fused) or apopcarpous (carpels free) or the carpels may be partially fused. The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium for a synocarpous gynoecium, and synonymously with carpel for an apocarpous gynoecium, whether it has one or more carpels. In Zea mays, gynoecia of tassel florets and of the lower florets of ear spikelets usually do not develop fully, and they are present in a rudimentary state. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that is the pollen-bearing part of a stamen (PO:0009029).
Generally consists of four pollen sacs (microsporangia) in two anther thecas. If you are annotating to anther or one of its parts for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), usually apical, that is part of a carpel (PO:0009030) or group of fused carpels on which the pollen (PO:0025281) germinates.
If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) which is an elongated part of a carpel (PO:0009030) or gynoecium (PO:0009062) between the plant ovary (PO:0009072) and the stigma (PO:0009073), and through which the pollen tube (GO:0090406) grows.
If you are annotating to this structure for grasses, please also add an annotation to spikelet floret (PO:0009082). For Zea spp. please use silk (PO:0006488).
A portion of plant tissue that is the covering of a seed derived from ovular - mainly integumentary - tissue.
Used only when not specified more precisely; see testa, tegmen.
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is the axial part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
Has as parts a hypocotyl, a root meristem and a radicle, if any of these are present.
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006).
A seed (PO:0009010) develops from a plant ovule. In angiosperms, a plant ovule is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072). In conifers, a plant ovule is part of an ovuliferous scale (add term). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
A sheath-like plant organ (PO:0009008) that surrounds the plumule (PO:0020032) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or the emerging shoot apex (PO:0000037) of a seedling.
The coleoptile is an outgrowth or part of the scutellum (PO:0020110) (which is a modified, haustorial cotyledon (PO:0020030)). Develops separate from the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). Found in Poaceae and other monocotyledons such as Zingiberaceae. Protects the emerging shoot system (PO:0009006) as it grows through the soil.
A stalk (PO:0025066) of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer integument, or from the single integument when there is only one.
A stem internode (PO:0020142) below the cotyledonary node (PO:0025321) and transitional to a root (PO:0009005) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the lower part of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025), and which more or less encases the stem (PO:0009047).
A leaf sheath is usually tubular shaped, and is found in the Poaceae family and other monocots.
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
eje de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
first order inflorescence branch (related)
An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) has either a determinate apex, which terminates in a flower meristem (PO:0000229), or has an indeterminate apex, which terminates in an inflorescence apical meristem (PO:0009108). An inflorescence pedicel (PO:0009052) is the simplest example of a determinate inflorescence axis.
A pistillate inflorescence (PO:0025598) in Zea species that is highly compacted and bears the ear spikelets (PO:0006320) on a lateral inflorescence axis (PO:0020122).
oreja de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047).
A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025).
A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue located parallel to the sides of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005) that participates in lateral growth.
A term for lateral growth has been requested in GO. Lateral meristems contribute to an increase in the cross-sectional area of a shoot axis or root. Examples of lateral meristems are: cambium (PO:0005597) (includes cork cambium (PO:0005599) and vascular cambium (PO:0005598)), shoot lateral meristem (PO:0006344) (includes primary thickening meristem (PO:0005039)), root lateral meristem (PO:0006308), and secondary thickening meristem (PO:0025414). Contrasts with apical meristem (PO:0020144), phyllome marginal meristem (PO:0025404), or intercalary meristem (PO:0006073).
A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a proper part of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types.
parte de un &#243rgano cardinal (Spanish, exact)
Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Examples include petiole (PO:0020038), lamina (PO:0025060), and leaflet (PO:0020049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs.
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact)
Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure.
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed of two or more leaves (PO:0025034).
estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact)
This term replaces the obsolete term leaf whorl (PO:0008034). If you are looking for annotations for PO:0008034, please use this term instead.
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005).
estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact)
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof.
Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant.
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
c&#233lula embri&#243nica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode.
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure.
An axillary vegetative bud (PO:0004712) that is part of a shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543).
yema vegetativa axilar de tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact)
shoot axis tuber axillary vegetative bud
A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of a subterranean tuber.
yema vegetativa axilar de tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact)
A structure on the tuber surface that can sprout. In potatoes, axillary vegetative buds (eyes) can determine processing quality. Scale that the breeders use to rate the buds/sprouts of tubers: 1. none, 2. swollen eye, 3. sprout ca. 1/4 inch, 4. sprout ca. 1/2 inch, 5. sprout ca. 1 inch, 6. sprout ca. 2 inch, 7. sprout ca. 3 inch, 8. new top growth, 9. chain tubers.
subterranean tuber axillary vegetative bud
Any portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) other than epidermis (PO:0005679) or vascular tissue (PO:0009015).
porci&#243n del tejido fundamental (Spanish, exact)
Develops from the ground meristem (PO:0025594).
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part.
tallo de alto orden (secundario, terciario, etc) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007).
In vascular plants, branches arise from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) and from divisions of the meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007) in non-vascular plants.
A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094).
sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact)
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) consisting of a number of sporophylls (PO:0009026) or plant ovule (PO:0020003)-bearing modified leaves (PO:0025034) grouped terminally on a stem (PO:0009047).
May be simple or compound. Found in lycophytes such as Selaginella and Lycopodium, sphenophytes such as Equisetum, gymnosperms such as cycad, conifers, gnetophytes and the pollen producing structures of Gingko. The term cone is often used for strobili that are woody. Flowers are sometimes considered bisexual strobili. Some flowering plants such as Alnus have inflorescences called catkins that resemble strobili, but are not.
A plant organ (PO:0009008) in which plant spores (PO:0025017) are produced.
In bryophytes, particularly in mosses, a sporangium is referred to as a capsule. In seed plants, a sporangium is located in a sporophyll. In pteridophytes, a sporangium is located on the surface of a sporophyll or fertile leaf or borne on a sporangiophore. May be unicellular in some algae.
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a carpel (PO:0009030).
A portion of carpel epidermis (PO:0025096) that covers the abaxial surface of a carpel (PO:0009030). (broad)
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a stamen (PO:0009029).
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009).
estructura vegetal embri&#243nica (Spanish, exact)
Includes plant structures that only occur in embryos (such as suspensor) as well as plant structures that are part of an embryo when a plant is in the embryonic phase (such as embryonic radicle).
An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) that is the primary or main axis of an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
primer orden del eje de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
Monopodial inflorescences, such as a raceme inflorescence (PO:0030115), have a centrally-located main axis; this axis is a first order inflorescence axis. In contrast, sympodial inflorescences, such as the riphidium inflorescence (PO:0030131), do not have a centrally-located main axis. The basal-most portion of a first order inflorescence axis is referred to as a peduncle (PO:0009053).
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011).
A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition.
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact)
The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop.
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'.
A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
epidermis de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
A branch that is a sclerified, pointed outgrowth.
A thorn is a short, pointed (PATO:0002258) woody structure, may be branched.
A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0000112) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047).
A portion of shoot axis epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073).
epidermis de la ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the central column of a plant axis that consists of the primary vascular tissue and associated ground tissue.
If a pith is present, it is part of the stele, otherwise the stele only includes the primary vascular tissue and the ground tissue that surrounds it.
A sporangium (PO:0025094) in which microspores (PO:0020048) are produced.
A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem.
&#225pice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A shoot apex PO:0000037) that has as part a vegetative shoot apical meristem (PO:0008016).
&#225pice vegetativo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
portion of embryonic plant tissue (exact)
tejido embri&#243nico vegetal (Spanish, exact)
This class is for tissues that only occur as part of an embryo.
A collective organ part structure that forms a cylindrical false stem composed concentric leaf sheaths.
The peduncle later grows up through the pseudostem. Common in Musa species and some other monocots.
A portion of leaf epidermis (PO:0006016) that is part of a leaf sheath (PO:0020104).
epidermis de la vaina de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) composed of two or more cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001) that are part of adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
&#243rgano colectivo de una parte de la estructura (Spanish, exact)
A collective organ part structure is composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete organs. The organ parts are often of the same type but may be of different types. Includes plant structures like a septum (PO:0000030) that consists of the walls of two fused carpels (PO:0009030) or a pseudostem (PO:0025248) that consist of multiple, overlapping leaf sheaths (PO:0020104). Unlike a collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007), a collective organ part structure does not contain any complete plant organs.
A microsporangium that is part of a sporophyll and where the pollen grains develop and are located after they develop.
A pollen sac is a microsporangium in seed plants. In angiosperms, a single, unfused pollen sac may contain an anther locule or several pollen sacs may fuse so they contain a single anther locule. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
A hypocotyl (PO:0020100) that is part of a plant embryo axis (PO:0019018).
hipoc&#243tile del embri&#243n (Spanish, exact)
A hypocotyl (PO:0020100) that is part of a seedling (PO:0008037).
hipoc&#243tile de la pl&#225ntula (Spanish, exact)
Develops from an embryo hypocotyl (PO:0025290). This term should only be used for seed plants.
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that is a second order inflorescence (PO:0025240), or higher, in which the inflorescence branch (PO:0009081) bears two or more flowers (PO:0009046), but is not elongated.
A fascicle appears to be a cluster of flowers in an axil of a single bract of the main inflorescence. Fascicles are common in some sections of the Fabaceae, where they are second order inflorescences.
A maximal whole plant development stage.
vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage.
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497).
etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact)
Includes flower development stage (PO:0007615), corolla development stage (PO:0007604), and inflorescence development stage (PO:0001083).
collective plant organ structure development stage
A cardinal organ part that is a slender, more or less straight and stiff, fine-pointed, terminal or subterminal appendage of a glume, lemma, or palea.
Found in a spikelet of Poaceae. Sometimes the awn is a continuation of the bearing structure's central primary vein.
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts a short, enlarged stem (PO:0009047) in which the shoot internodes (PO:0005005) do not elongate, and one or more buds (PO:0000055).
May serve as a storage or perennating organ. Usually underground. A corm differs from a bulb (PO:0025356) in that it does not have fleshy leaves or leaf bases but usually has scale leaves or remnants of dry leaf sheaths that form a protective covering around it. May bear remnants or scars of detached leaves. Adventitious roots may develop from the base of a corm, and these may be contractile, pulling the corm into the soil. Examples include Gladiolus and Crocus. The pseudobulb of an orchid is equivalent to a corm. A corm is very similar to a rhizome (PO:0004542) with very short sympodial units, although not all corms have sympodial growth.
A short, enlarged shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts a short stem (PO:0009047) in which the shoot internodes (PO:0005005) do not elongate, and one or more buds (PO:0000055) enclosed by fleshy leaves (PO:0009025) or leaf bases (PO:0020040).
May serve as a storage and/or perennating organ. Usually underground. A bulb differs from a corm (PO:0025355) by having fleshy leaves or leaf bases. The outer leaves of a bulb are often dry and membranous, rather than fleshy. May bear adventitious roots. Examples include Alium and Tulipa. Not the same structure as a bulbil.
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046).
Includes phyllomes such as anthers and petals, as well as shoot axes such as androphores and gynophores.
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that develops from a vascular cambium (PO:0005598).
tejido vascular secundario (Spanish, exact)
Forms as part of secondary growth (GO:0080117) in vascular plants. Often differentiated into the axial system (PO:0025410) and ray system (PO:0025411).
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128).
The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology.
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
This is the region where you have the maximum concentration of auxin in the SAM (at least in a few species that have been studied).
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029).
Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042).
A root (PO:0009005) that develops from a tuberous root (PO:0025523) and is further radially enlarged for storage.
Functions in storage. This term should be used for tubers derived from roots (PO:0009005), as found in Cassava or sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), not for tubers derived from branches (PO:0025073), as found in potatoes and yams. Use the term shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543), aerial tuber (PO:0004548), or subterranean tuber (PO:0004547) for tubers derived from branches. A tuberous root tuber may be distinguished from a tuber that is derived from a branch by the presence of a root cap (PO:0020123) early in development, or the presence of lateral roots (PO:0020121) or their remnants. Sometimes tuber roots bear vegetative buds (PO:0000058) like a tuber derived from a branch. A tuberous root tuber usually develops from a shoot-borne root (PO:0000042) or a lateral root (PO:0020121).
A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222).
floral structure primordia (exact, plural)
portion of floral structure primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact)
If annotating to a primordium of a floral structure, it is better to use the more specific term, such as petal primordium (PO:0000021) or anther primordium (PO:0006089).
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an androecium (PO:0009061).
portion of androecium primordium tissue (exact)
primordium del androecio (Spanish, exact)
Use stamen primordium (PO:0004705) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual stamen (PO:0009029).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a bract primordium (PO:0025487) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a reproductive shoot apical meristem (PO:0008028).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a petal primordium (PO:0000021) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a stamen primordium (PO:0004705) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025487) that is committed to the development of a flower bract (PO:0009055).
portion of bract primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact)
A bract primordium (PO:0025128) is committed to the development of a flower bract (PO:0009034).
portion of flower bract primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de la br&#225ctea floral (Spanish, exact)
A bract primordium (PO:0025128) is committed to the development of an inflorescence bract (PO:0009054).
inflorescence bract primordia (exact, plural)
primordio de la br&#225ctea de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
portion of inflorescence bract primordium tissue (related)
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types.
estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types.
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact)
This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006).
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) and includes portions of plant tissues (PO:0009007) of at least two different types.
parte cardinal de estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
複数の組織からなる植物構造の基本（主要）部分 (Japanese, exact)
Includes cardinal parts of plant organs (PO:0025001) as well as parts of other multi-tissue plant structures. Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Most cardinal parts of multi-tissue plant structures have both fiat and bona-fide boundaries, including parts with large fiat boundaries, such as leaf base (PO:0020040) or fruit distal end (PO:0008001), and parts with primarily bona-fide boundaries, such as leaflet (PO:0020049).
cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is radially enlarged.
Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. May develop from a branch (PO:0025073) or a root (PO:0009005). If you are annotating to tuber, you should pick the more specific child term: shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) or tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476).
A root (PO:0009005) that is radially enlarged relative to other lateral roots (PO:0020121) or shoot-borne roots (PO:0000042) on the same plant, but not as enlarged as a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476).
A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death.
The shoot system (PO:0009006) develops fron the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) in the plant embryo (PO:0009009) in vascular plants. In lower plants the gametophore (PO:0030018) arises from a gametophore meristematic apical cell (PO:0030019) in the protonema (PO:0030003).
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006).
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082).
reproductive shoot system development stage
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059).
An infructescence (PO:0006342) in Zea species that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) on a compact ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623) and develops from the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) that includes as part only pistillate flowers (PO:0025599).
A flower (PO:0009046) that includes as part a single carpel (PO:0009030) or a gynoecium (PO:0009062), but the androecium (PO:0009061) is absent or has aborted during development.
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004).
A collective leaf structure (PO:0025022) consisting of a group of rosette leaves (PO:0000014), generally borne at the base of the plant, that are separated by very short stem internodes (PO:0020142).
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops in response to a biotic stress (PSO:0000011).
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death.
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis.
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that dehisce along two fruit valves (PO:0000033).
Legume fruit (PO:0030100) is characteristic of the plant family Fabaceae. Examples: pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), soybean (Glycine max), and lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are fused to a seed coat (PO:0009088).
Caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104) is characteristic of the Poaceae (the grass family). Caryopsis fruits develop from a pseudomonomerous gyneocium (PO:0009062), and contain only a single seed due to the abortion of two of the three carpels (PO:0009030). The pericarp of caryopsis fruits of some bamboo species is somewhat fleshy at maturity and is fused to the seed coat; these fruits are referred to in the literature as bacoid caryopses. Examples: barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza spp.), wheat (Triticum spp.), corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), oat (Avena spp.), zebra grass (Miscanthus spp.), Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), stiff brome (Brachypodium distachyon), cutgrass (Leersia perrieri), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that dehisce along a single fruit valve (PO:0000033).
Examples: milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and carolina larkspur (Delphinium carolinianum).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086), that dehisce along two fruit valves (PO:0000033) and separate from a persistent fruit replum (PO:0025267).
In contrast to legume fruit (PO:0030100), silique fruit develop from a syncarpous (multicarpellate) gynoecium (PO:0009062) separated by a false septum (replum, PO:0025267), which persists through fruit maturity. Examples: members of Brassicaceae, lyrate rockcress (Arabidopsis lyrata), mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea), field mustard (Brassica rapa), and pink shepherd's purse (Capsella rubella).
A fruit (PO:0009001) which at maturity comprises a fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085).
Examples: pepper (Capsicum annuum), papaya (Carica papaya), avocado (Persea americana), may apple (Podophyllum peltatum), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), chocolate (Theobroma cacao), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), and grape (Vitis vinifera).
A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as a part a hard receptacle (PO:0009064) which surrounds, and is indistinct from, the exocarp (PO:0009085).
A pepo fruit (PO:0030111) is specialized type of berry fruit (PO:0030108) which is encapsuled by persistent, accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) tissue. The rind, or tough outer covering, of pepo fruits comprises receptical tissue and at least the exocarp (PO:0009085) layer of the pericarp (PO:0009084). Examples: pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and banana (Musa acuminata).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of sessile flowers (PO:0009046) on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
The basal-most flowers of some spike inflorescences have short inflorescence flower pedicels (PO:0009052), such as in ladies'-tresses orchids (Spiranthes; Orchidaceae). Examples include black pepper (Piper nigrum; Piperaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of a radially-enlarged, determinate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) with sessile flowers (PO:0009046).
Many capitulum inflorescences have basal involucral bracts (PO:0009045) and are often discoid or globose in shape. Examples include sunflowers (Helianthus spp.; Asteraceae) and teasels (Dipsacus spp.; Dipsacaceae).
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of a radially-enlarged inflorescence axis (PO:0020122), and sessile flowers (PO:0009046) on determinate higher order inflorescence axes (PO:0009081) with basal involucral bracts (PO:0009045).
heterothetic compound capitulum (narrow)
Examples include many species of daisy family (Asteraceae). The second order inflorescences (PO:0025240) of compound capitulum inflorescences are often called glomerules.
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) or spikelets (PO:0009051) on determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122).,
Examples include the majority of species in the grass family Poaceae including oats (Avena spp.), brome (Brachypodium spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), cutgrass (Leersia perrieri), rice (Oryza spp.), foxgrass (Setaria spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild rice (Zizania palustris), and the staminate inflorescence of cultivated corn (Zea mays), as well as grapes (Vitis spp.; Vitaceae), and Polemonium caeruleum (Polemoniaceae). Panicle inflorescences are most often conical in shape.
A biological process of some plant structure (PO:0009011) caused by exposure to some causal agent.
plant stress
A biotic plant stress (PSO:0000011) which is damage caused by the exposure to an animal.
Plants may be damaged by various animals such as arachnids (mites and spiders), insects, birds, rodents, nematodes, mollusks, or herbivores.
plant animal damage
A grape disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A plant stress (PSO:0000001) caused by exposure to a biological stress causal agent.
Causal agents of biological plant stresses include fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, and viruses, as well as animals and other plants.
biotic plant stress
A plant stress (PSO:0000001) caused by exposure to an abiotic causal agent.
Abiotic stress causal agents can include chemicals or physical agents such as temperature, radiation or drought.
abiotic plant stress
A biotic plant stress (PSO:0000011) which is a disorder caused by exposure to a disease-causing organism.
Disease-causing organisms include fungi, bacteria, viruses and oomycetes.
plant disease
A potato disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Bipolaris oryzae affecting a caryopsis fruit.
Bipolaris oryzae pecky rice fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Curvularia affecting a caryopsis fruit.
A rice disease caused by a Fusarium affecting a caryopsis fruit.
A maize disease caused by a Alternaria alternata affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Alternaria alternata leaf rot fungal disease
maize Alternaria leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Alternaria alternata affecting a root.
maize Alternaria minor root rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Aspergillus flavus affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Aspergillus flavus leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Aspergillus glaucus affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Aspergillus glaucus minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Aspergillus flavus affecting a caryopsis fruit.
maize Aspergillus kernel rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Aspergillus affecting a ear infructescence.
maize Aspergillus minor ear rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Aspergillus niger affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Aspergillus niger leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Aureobasidium zeae affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Aureobasidium eyespot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Acidovorax avenae affecting a plant structure.
maize bacterial leaf blight and stalk rot disease
A maize disease caused by a Xanthomonas vasicola affecting a vascular leaf.
A maize disease caused by a Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum affecting a plant structure.
maize bacterial stalk and top rot disease
A maize disease caused by a Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens affecting a stem.
A maize disease caused by a Robbsia andropogonis affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Bipolaris sorokiniana affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Bipolaris minor leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Bipolaris maydis affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Bipolaris southern leaf blight fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Botrytis cinerea affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Botrytis cinerea minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Cercospora zeae-maydis affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Cercospora gray leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. coronafaciens affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Claviceps gigantea affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia pallescens affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Cochliobolus pallescens leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia pallescens affecting a ear inflorescence.
maize Cochliobolus pallescens minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Colletotrichum falcatum affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Colletotrichum falcatum Anthracnose leaf blight fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Colletotrichum falcatum affecting a stem.
maize Colletotrichum falcatum Anthracnose stalk rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Colletotrichum graminicola affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Colletotrichum graminicola Anthracnose leaf blight fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Colletotrichum graminicola affecting a stem.
maize Colletotrichum graminicola Anthracnose stalk rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia clavata affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Culvularia clavata leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Cunninghamella affecting a ear infructescence.
maize Cunninghamella minor ear rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia eragrostidis affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Curvularia eragrostidis leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia inaequalis affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Curvularia inaequalis leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia intermedia affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Curvularia intermedia leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia lunata affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Curvularia lunata leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia senegalensis affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Curvularia senegalensis leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Curvularia tuberculata affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Curvularia tuberculata leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Dictyochaeta fertilis affecting a root.
maize Dictyochaeta minor root rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Neoascochyta exitialis affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Didymella leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Physalospora zeicola affecting a vascular leaf.
A maize disease caused by a Stenocarpella maydis affecting a vascular leaf.
A maize disease caused by a Stenocarpella macrospora affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Diplodia leaf streak fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Physalospora zeicola affecting a stem.
A maize disease caused by a Cephalotrichum stemonitis affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Doratomyces leafonitis minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Epicoccum nigrum affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Epicoccum minor leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Fusarium culmorum affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Fusarium culmorum minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Fusarium verticillioides affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Fusarium verticillioides leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Fusarium graminearum affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Gibberella leaf rot fungal disease
maize Fusarium graminearum leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Fusarium verticillioides affecting a seedling.
maize Fusarium seedling blight fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Fusarium verticillioides affecting a seed.
A maize disease caused by a Gaeumannomyces graminis affecting a leaf sheath.
maize Gaeumannomyces sheath rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Fusarium graminearum affecting a stem.
maize Gibberella stalk rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Clavibacter nebraskensis affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Leptosphaerulina affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Hyalothyridium leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Lasiodiplodia theobromae affecting a plant structure.
maize Lasiodiplodia black kernel rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Macrophomina phaseolina affecting a plant structure.
maize Macrophomina charcoal rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Magnaporthiopsis maydis affecting a plant structure.
maize Magnaporthiopsis late wilt fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Marasmiellus affecting a plant structure.
maize Marasmiellus borde blanco fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Microdochium sorghi affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Microdochium zonate leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Myrothecium gramineum affecting a plant structure.
maize Myrothecium shuck rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Nigrospora oryzae affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Nigrospora dry leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Exserohilum turcicum affecting a vascular leaf.
maize northern leaf blight fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Bipolaris zeicola affecting a vascular leaf.
A maize disease caused by a Peronosclerospora maydis affecting a plant structure.
maize Peronosclerospora java downy mildew oomycete disease
A maize disease caused by a Peronosclerospora sorghi affecting a plant structure.
maize Peronosclerospora sorghum downy mildew oomycete disease
A maize disease caused by a Peronosclerospora sacchari affecting a plant structure.
maize Peronosclerospora sugarcane downy mildew oomycete disease
A maize disease caused by a Didymella maydis affecting a vascular leaf.
A maize disease caused by a Phaeosphaeriaceae affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Phaeosphaeria leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Phyllachora maydis affecting a plant structure.
maize Phyllachora tar spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Physoderma maydis affecting a plant structure.
maize Physoderma brown spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Pseudopithomyces maydicus affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Pithomyces maydicus minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Pythium aphanidermatum affecting a stem.
maize Pythium stalk rot oomycete disease
A maize disease caused by a Ramulispora sorghi affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Ramulispora grey leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Rhizoctonia corticium leaf rot fungal disease
maize Rhizoctonia banded leaf fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a leaf sheath.
maize Rhizoctonia sheath spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Rhizopus microsporus affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Rhizopus microsporus minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Rhizopus stolonifer affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Rhizopus stolonifer minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Sarocladium strictum affecting a plant structure.
maize Sarocladium black bundle fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Sarocladium strictum affecting a caryopsis fruit.
maize Sarocladium kernel rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Sclerophthora macrospora affecting a plant structure.
maize Sclerophthora crazy top downy mildew oomycete disease
A maize disease caused by a Sclerospora graminicola affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Sclerospora green leaf downy mildew oomycete disease
A maize disease caused by a Scopulariopsis brumptii affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Scopulariopsis brumptii minor leaf rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Bacillus subtilis affecting a plant structure.
maize seed rot and seedling blight bacterial disease
A maize disease caused by a Exserohilum prolatum affecting a vascular leaf.
maize Setosphaeria minor leaf spot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Exserohilum pedicellatum affecting a root.
maize Setosphaeria root rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Sporisorium reilianum affecting a ear infructescence.
maize Sphacelotheca head smut fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Spiroplasma kunkelii affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Ustilaginoidea virens affecting a plant structure.
maize Ustilaginoidea false smut fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Mycosarcoma maydis affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Pantoea ananatis affecting a vascular leaf.
rice Pantoea ananatis bacterial leaf blight
A rice disease caused by a Pantoea ananatis affecting a caryopsis fruit.
rice Pantoea ananatis bacterial grain blight
A rice disease caused by a Acidovorax avenae or a Pseudomonas syringae affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Pantoea agglomerans affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Achlya conspicua affecting a plant structure.
rice Achlya conspicua water-mold oomycete disease
A rice disease caused by a Achlya klebsiana affecting a plant structure.
rice Achlya klebsiana water-mold oomycete disease
A rice disease caused by a Ceratorhiza oryzae-sativae affecting a leaf sheath.
rice aggregate sheath spot fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Agroathelia rolfsii affecting a seedling.
rice Athelia rolfsii seedling blight fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola affecting a vascular leaf.
A rice disease caused by a Burkholderia glumae AU6208 affecting a panicle inflorescence.
A rice disease caused by a Fusarium fujikuroi affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Bipolaris oryzae affecting a seedling.
rice Bipolaris oryzae seedling blight fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Curvularia lunata affecting a caryopsis fruit.
A rice disease caused by a Rice black streaked dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Pyricularia oryzae affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Bipolaris oryzae affecting a vascular leaf.
A rice disease caused by a Gaeumannomyces graminis affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Curvularia affecting a seedling.
rice Curvularia seedling blight fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Sclerophthora macrospora affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Rice dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Bipolaris gigantea affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Ustilaginoidea virens affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Dickeya chrysanthemi affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Fusarium affecting a root.
A rice disease caused by a Fusarium affecting a seedling.
rice Fusarium sp. seedling blight fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Barley yellow dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Rice grassy stunt tenuivirus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Tilletia barclayana affecting a caryopsis fruit.
A rice disease caused by a Burkholderia glumae affecting a caryopsis fruit.
A rice disease caused by a Nakataea oryzae affecting a vascular leaf.
A rice disease caused by a Cercospora janseana affecting a vascular leaf.
rice narrow brown leaf spot fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Rice necrosis mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Pythium dissotocum affecting a root.
rice Pythium dissotocum root rot oomycete disease
A rice disease caused by a Pythium dissotocum affecting a plant structure.
rice Pythium dissotocum water-mold oomycete disease
A rice disease caused by a Pythium affecting a root.
A rice disease caused by a Globisporangium spinosum affecting a root.
rice Pythium spinosum root rot oomycete disease
A rice disease caused by a Globisporangium spinosum affecting a plant structure.
rice Pythium spinosum water-mold oomycete disease
A rice disease caused by a Pythium affecting a plant structure.
rice Pythium water-mold oomycete disease
A rice disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a seedling.
rice Rhizoctonia solani seedling blight fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Rice ragged stunt virus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a leaf sheath.
A rice disease caused by a Pseudomonas fuscovaginae affecting a leaf sheath.
rice leaf sheath brown rot bacterial disease
A rice disease caused by a Sarocladium oryzae affecting a leaf sheath.
A rice disease caused by a Waitea circinata affecting a leaf sheath.
A rice disease caused by a Alternaria padwickii affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Rice stripe tenuivirus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a rice transitory yellowing virus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Phytoplasma sp. affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Rice yellow mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Sarocladium oryzae affecting a caryopsis fruit.
rice Sarocladium oryzae pecky rice fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms include small, dark-brown lesions surrounded by yellow halo; water soaking along lesion margins.
A wheat disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Melanospora simplex affecting a ear infructescence.
maize Gonatobotrys simplex minor ear rot fungal disease
A maize disease caused by a Ascochyta affecting a ear inflorescence.
maize Ascochyta ischaemi yellow leaf blight fungal disease
A rice disease caused by a Eballistra oryzae affecting a vascular leaf.
A rice disease caused by a Microdochium albescens affecting a caryopsis fruit.
Microdochium oryzae pecky rice fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Begomovirus manihotis affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Candidatus Phytoplasma affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Colletotrichum graminicola affecting a plant structure.
cassava Colletotrichum graminicola Anthracnose fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides affecting a plant structure.
cassava Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Anthracnose fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Armillaria mellea affecting a root.
cassava Armillaria root rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Xanthomonas cassavae affecting a vascular leaf.
cassava angular leaf spot bacterial disease
A cassava disease caused by a Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Agrobacterium tumefaciens affecting a stem.
A cassava disease caused by a Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum affecting a stem.
A cassava disease caused by a Pantoea agglomerans affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Scytalidium sp. affecting a root.
A cassava disease caused by a Scytalidium sp. affecting a stem.
A cassava disease caused by a Cercospora affecting a vascular leaf.
A cassava disease caused by a Clypeosphaerella calotropidis affecting a vascular leaf.
A cassava disease caused by a Oidium affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Cassava common mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Cassava frogskin virus affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Cassava green mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Cassava Ivorian bacilliform virus affecting a plant structure.
cassava Ivorian bacilliform viral disease
A cassava disease caused by a Cassava vein mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Phyllostictina affecting a vascular leaf.
cassava concentric ring leaf spot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Rosellinia necatrix affecting a root.
cassava dematophora root rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Diplodia affecting a root.
cassava Diplodia root rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Diplodia affecting a stem.
cassava Diplodia stem rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Fusarium solani affecting a root.
cassava Fusarium solani root rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Fusarium oxysporum affecting a root.
cassava Fusarium oxysporum root rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Indian cassava mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Phytophthora cryptogea affecting a root.
cassava Phytophthora cryptogea root rot oomycete disease
A cassava disease caused by a Phytophthora drechsleri affecting a root.
cassava Phytophthora drechsleri root rot oomycete disease
A cassava disease caused by a Phytophthora erythroseptica affecting a root.
cassava Phytophthora erythroseptica root rot oomycete disease
A cassava disease caused by a Phytophthora nicotianae affecting a root.
cassava Phytophthora nicotianae root rot oomycete disease
A cassava disease caused by a Pythium affecting a root.
cassava Pythium root rot oomycete disease
A cassava disease caused by a Rigidoporus microporus affecting a root.
cassava Rigidopurus root rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Uromyces affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Agroathelia rolfsii affecting a root.
cassava Sclerotium root rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Sphaceloma manihoticola affecting a plant structure.
cassava Spheceloma Superelongation fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Verticillium dahliae affecting a stem.
cassava Verticillium stem rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Verticillium dahliae affecting a root.
cassava Verticillium root rot fungal disease
A cassava disease caused by a Phaeoramularia manihotis affecting a vascular leaf.
A cassava disease caused by a Ceratobasidium sp. affecting a plant structure.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Aonidomytilus affecting a plant structure.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Bemisia tabaci affecting a plant structure.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Caliothrips affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Cassava brown streak virus affecting a vascular leaf.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Mononychellus tanajoa affecting a plant structure.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Oligonychus affecting a vascular leaf.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Phenacoccus manihoti affecting a plant structure.
A cassava disease caused by a Pseudophaeolus baudonii affecting a root.
cassava Piptoporellus root rot fungal disease
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting cassava (Manihot esculenta) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A grape disease caused by a Xylophilus ampelinus affecting a plant structure.
grape bacterial blight bacterial disease
A grape disease caused by a Agrobacterium vitis affecting a stem base.
A grape disease caused by a Xylella fastidiosa affecting a xylem.
A grape disease caused by a Acetobacter affecting a plant structure.
grape Acetobacter sour rot bacterial disease
A grape disease caused by a Gluconobacter affecting a plant structure.
grape Gluconobacter sour rot bacterial disease
A grape disease caused by a Erysiphe necator affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Pseudopezicula tetraspora affecting a vascular leaf.
grape angular leaf scorch fungal disease
A grape disease caused by a Elsinoe ampelina affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Armillaria mellea affecting a root.
grape Armillaria root rot fungal disease
A grape disease caused by a Alternaria alternata affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Aspergillus niger affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Penicillium affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Cladosporium herbarum affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Rhizopus arrhizus affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Greeneria uvicola affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Campylocarpon fasciculare or a Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare or a Cylindrocarpon affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Neofusicoccum australe or a Dothiorella americana or a Neofusicoccum parvum or a Lasiodiplodia missouriana or a Lasiodiplodia theobromae or a Neofusicoccum viticlavatum or a Lasiodiplodia viticola or a Sphaeropsis porosa or a Botryosphaeria dothidea or a Dothiorella vidmadera or a Neofusicoccum macroclavatum or a Diplodia corticola or a Phyllosticta ampelicida or a Dothiorella viticola or a Lasiodiplodia crassispora or a Diplodia mutila or a Dothiorella iberica or a Diplodia seriata or a Neofusicoccum luteum or a Dothiorella vinea-gemmae or a Dothiorella westralis or a Dothiorella neclivora or a Neofusicoccum mediterraneum or a Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme affecting a plant structure.
grape Botryosphaeria dieback fungal disease
A grape disease caused by a Botrytis cinerea affecting a infructescence.
A grape disease caused by a Anthostomella affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Cercospora viticola affecting a vascular leaf.
grape Cercospora leaf spot fungal disease
A grape disease caused by a Passalora dissiliens affecting a vascular leaf.
grape Passalora leaf spot fungal disease
A grape disease caused by a Rosellinia necatrix affecting a root.
grape Dematophora root rot fungal disease
A grape disease caused by a Eutypa lata or a Eutypa affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Phakopsora euvitis affecting a vascular leaf.
A grape disease caused by a Phaeoacremonium minimum or a Phaeoacremonium or a Phaeomoniella chlamydospora affecting a vascular leaf.
A grape disease caused by a Pseudocercospora vitis affecting a vascular leaf.
A grape disease caused by a Botryosphaeria dothidea affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Diaporthe ampelina affecting a plant structure.
grape Phomopsis cane and leaf spot fungal disease
A grape disease caused by a Phymatotrichopsis omnivora affecting a root.
grape Phymatotrichopsis root rot fungal disease
A grape disease caused by a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides or a Colletotrichum acutatum affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Pseudopezicula tracheiphila affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Pichia kudriavzevii or a Starmerella bacillaris or a Aspergillus niger or a Pichia kluyveri or a Saccharomycopsis crataegensis or a Aspergillus carbonarius or a Hanseniaspora uvarum or a Pichia membranifaciens or a Metschnikowia pulcherrima affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Verticillium dahliae affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Coniella diplodiella affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Grovesinia moricola affecting a vascular leaf.
A grape disease caused by a Phytophthora nicotianae or a Phytophthora drechsleri or a Phytophthora cryptogea or a Phytophthora cinnamomi or a Phytophthora cactorum affecting a plant structure.
grape Phytophthora crown and root rot oomycete disease
A grape disease caused by a Plasmopara viticola affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine virus B affecting a vascular leaf.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine fanleaf virus affecting a vascular leaf.
grape Fanleaf degeneration viral disease
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine asteroid mosaic associated virus affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine fleck virus affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine Red Globe virus affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus affecting a plant structure.
grape Rupestris vein feathering viral disease
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine angular mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus affecting a berry fruit.
grape berry inner necrosis viral disease
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 or a Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 or a Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 or a Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 or a Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 affecting a vascular leaf.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 affecting a plant structure.
grape graft incompatibility viral disease
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine line pattern virus affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Tomato ringspot virus affecting a berry fruit.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine red blotch virus affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Carnation mottle virus or a Grapevine virus B affecting a vascular leaf.
grape Roditis leaf discoloration viral disease
A grape disease caused by a Alfamovirus AMV affecting a plant structure.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 or a Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 affecting a plant structure.
grape yellow speckle disease viral disease
A grape disease caused by a Tomato ringspot virus affecting a portion of vascular tissue.
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus affecting a stem.
grape Rupestris stem pitting viral disease
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine yellow speckle viroid or a Grapevine fanleaf virus affecting a portion of vascular tissue.
A grape disease caused by a Peach rosette mosaic virus or a Tobacco ringspot virus or a Tomato ringspot virus affecting a plant structure.
grape virus-induced grapevine decline viral disease
A grape disease caused by a Grapevine virus A affecting a plant structure.
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting maize (Zea mays) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A maize animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A maize animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A maize animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A maize animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A maize animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting grape (Vitis sp.) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A grape animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a root system.
A grape animal damage caused by a Tylenchulus semipenetrans affecting a root system.
A grape animal damage caused by a Xiphinema affecting a root system.
A grape animal damage caused by a Longidorus affecting a root system.
A grape animal damage caused by a Mesocriconema xenoplax affecting a root system.
A grape animal damage caused by a Meloidogyne affecting a root system.
A grape animal damage caused by a Pratylenchus affecting a root system.
A grape animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A grape animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A grape animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A grape animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. oryzae affecting a plant structure.
A rice disease caused by a Burkholderia plantarii affecting a plant structure.
rice Burkholderia plantarii seedling blight bacterial disease
A rice disease caused by a Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affecting a leaf sheath.
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting rice (Oryza sativa) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A rice animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A rice animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A rice animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A rice animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A rice animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A cassava animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A cassava animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A potato animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A potato animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A potato animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A potato animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A potato animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Colletotrichum coccodes affecting a vascular leaf.
A potato disease caused by a Alternaria alternata affecting a vascular leaf.
A potato disease caused by a Cercospora solani affecting a vascular leaf.
potato Cercospora leaf blotch fungal disease
A potato disease caused by a Macrophomina phaseolina affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Choanephora cucurbitarum affecting a plant structure.
potato Choanephora blight fungal disease
A potato disease caused by a Puccinia pittieriana affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Aecidium affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Alternaria solani affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Fusarium sambucinum or a Fusarium oxysporum or a Fusarium graminearum or a Fusarium solani affecting a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
F. sambucinum is the most aggressive pathogen for this disease in major parts of Europe, China and North America
A potato disease caused by a Fusarium avenaceum or a Fusarium oxysporum or a Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii affecting a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
A potato disease caused by a Boeremia foveata affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Botrytis cinerea affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Stagonosporopsis andigena affecting a vascular leaf.
A potato disease caused by a Stemphylium vesicarium affecting a plant structure.
potato Pleospora herbarum fungal disease
A potato disease caused by a Golovinomyces cichoracearum affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Septoria malagutii affecting a plant structure.
potato Septoria leaf spot fungal disease
A potato disease caused by a Helminthosporium solani affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Polyscytalum pustulans affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Agroathelia rolfsii affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Thecaphora solani affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Alternaria atra affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Verticillium albo-atrum or a Verticillium dahliae affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Synchytrium endobioticum affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Ralstonia solanacearum affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Pectobacterium carotovorum or a Dickeya chrysanthemi affecting a plant structure.
potato blackleg and bacterial soft rot disease
A potato disease caused by a Pseudomonas fluorescens affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Clavibacter sepedonicus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Streptomyces scabiei affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Pectobacterium carotovorum affecting a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
A potato disease caused by a Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Phytophthora infestans affecting a vascular leaf or a subterranean shoot axis tuber or a stem.
A potato disease caused by a Phytophthora sp. raspberry/TIB-2010 affecting a plant structure.
potato Phytophthora spp. pink rot oomycete disease
A potato disease caused by a Phytophthora nicotianae affecting a vascular leaf.
A potato disease caused by a Pythium affecting a plant structure.
potato Pythium spp. leak oomycete disease
A potato disease caused by a Potato spindle tuber viroid affecting a vascular leaf or a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
A potato disease caused by a Alfamovirus AMV affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Andean potato latent virus affecting a plant structure.
potato Andean potato latent virus disease
A potato disease caused by a Andean potato mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
potato Andean potato mottle virus viral disease
A potato disease caused by a Beet curly top virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Cucumber mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Eggplant mottled dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
potato eggplant mottled dwarf virus disease
A potato disease caused by a Potato aucuba mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato black ringspot virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato latent virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato leafroll virus affecting a vascular leaf or a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
A potato disease caused by a Potato mop-top virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Tobacco rattle virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato yellow dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato yellow mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato yellow vein virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato yellowing virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato virus A affecting a vascular leaf or a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
A potato disease caused by a Potato virus M affecting a vascular leaf or a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
A potato disease caused by a Potato virus S affecting a vascular leaf.
A potato disease caused by a Potato virus T affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato virus U affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato virus V affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Potato virus X affecting a vascular leaf or a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
A potato disease caused by a Potato virus Y affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Beet curly top Iran virus affecting a plant structure.
potato Solanum apical leaf curling virus disease
A potato disease caused by a Sowbane mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Tobacco mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a unidentified tobacco necrosis virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Tobacco streak virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Tomato black ring virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Tomato mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae affecting a plant structure.
potato tomato spotted wilt virus disease
A potato disease caused by a Tomato yellow mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
potato tomato yellow mosaic virus disease
A potato disease caused by a Wild potato mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A potato disease caused by a Tobacco rattle virus affecting a subterranean shoot axis tuber.
A potato animal damage caused by a Globodera rostochiensis affecting a root system.
A potato animal damage caused by a Meloidogyne affecting a root system.
A potato animal damage caused by a Meloidogyne chitwoodi affecting a root system.
potato Columbia root knot nematode damage
A potato animal damage caused by a Pratylenchus affecting a root system.
A potato animal damage caused by a Ditylenchus destructor affecting a root system.
A potato animal damage caused by a Meloidogyne hapla affecting a root system.
potato Northern root knot nematode damage
A potato animal damage caused by a Globodera pallida affecting a root system.
A wheat disease caused by a Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Clavibacter tessellarius affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Pseudomonas fuscovaginae affecting a leaf sheath.
A wheat disease caused by a Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens affecting a glume.
A wheat disease caused by a Rathayibacter iranicus affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Erwinia rhapontici affecting a caryopsis fruit.
A wheat disease caused by a Rathayibacter tritici affecting a spike inflorescence.
A wheat disease caused by a Pseudomonas cichorii affecting a stem.
A wheat disease caused by a Alternaria triticina affecting a plant structure.
wheat Alternaria leaf blight fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Colletotrichum cereale affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Pyricularia oryzae affecting a plant structure.
Symptoms and signs: The pathogen produces lessions on all aboveground parts of plant, but spike infection results in greatest damage. Lessions are round to elliptical with gray centers and reddish brown margins. Severely infected seedlings may die.
A wheat disease caused by a Puccinia triticina affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms and signs: brown rust uredinial pustules turn into black telial pustules in late plant growth stages.
A wheat disease caused by a Puccinia striiformis affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms and signs: yellow to orange rust pustules tending to form stripes in late plant growth stages and turn into black telial pustules.
A wheat disease caused by a Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici affecting a vascular leaf or a stem.
Symptoms and signs: red uredinial pustules turn into black telial pustules few days after uredinial pustules development.
A wheat disease caused by a Fusarium graminearum affecting a spike inflorescence.
Symptoms and signs: one or more spikes or entire heads become bleached, superficial, often pink or organge masses of macrocondinia may be seen on and especially in the base of diseased spikelets. Small dark (blue black) perithesia will often be evident sometimes after the ntial infection and especially abandant on on infected spikelets, notes, and crowns.
wheat fusarium head blight fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Microdochium bolleyi affecting a plant structure.
wheat Aureobasidium decay fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Leptosphaeria sclerotioides affecting a root system.
A wheat disease caused by a [Hymenula] cerealis affecting a whole plant.
Symptoms and signs: The fungus is soilborne. The disease tends to be more prevalent in low, wet areas of fields and in plants grown in acid soil. Under severe conditions, plant stands may be reduced as a result of of pre- or postemergence infection. Infected seedling leaves sometimes have mosaic-like yellowing in late winter or early spring. During jointing and heading, conspicuous, chlorotic, longitudinal stripes appear on leaves. The stripes may initially be diffuse or mottles but eventually become prominently yellow and necrotic on maturing green leaves, usually only one to three stripes and discolored veins are present per leaf.
wheat Cephalosporium stripe fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Tilletia caries or a Tilletia laevis affecting a spike inflorescence or a caryopsis fruit.
Dark-colored bunt spores replace kernels.
A wheat disease caused by a Bipolaris sorokiniana affecting a root system.
A wheat disease caused by a Coprinopsis psychromorbida affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Apiospora sacchari affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Dilophospora alopecuri affecting a plant structure.
wheat Dilophospora leaf spot fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Tilletia controversa affecting a plant structure.
Only impacts winter wheat; prolonged period of snow cover required for fungal germination; dark-colored bunt spores replace kernels; bunt spores give fishy odor; tiller number increases; plants become shorter ("dwarfed").
A wheat disease caused by a Claviceps purpurea affecting a spike inflorescence or a caryopsis fruit.
Developing mycellium destroys ovary; hard, dry kernel-like fruiting body develops in floret.
A wheat disease caused by a Oculimacula yallundae affecting a stem base.
Symptoms and signs: The fungus infects stem base producing elliptical lessions of "eye" shapes. yellowish brown to tan brown and oriented lengthwise with the stem. A diagnotic weft of gray mycelium sometimes appears in the lumen of the stem beneath a lession.
A wheat disease caused by a Urocystis agropyri affecting a vascular leaf.
Following the heading stage, dark-colored sori erupt from leaf tissue.
A wheat disease caused by a Pseudoseptoria donacis affecting a plant structure.
A wheat disease caused by a Tilletia indica affecting a spike inflorescence or a caryopsis fruit.
Kernels are partially hollowed out and filled with dark-colored bunt spores.
A wheat disease caused by a Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides affecting a plant structure.
wheat Leptosphaeria leaf spot fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Ustilago tritici affecting a spike inflorescence or a caryopsis fruit.
Infected heads develop early than unfected heads; dark-colored spores replace kernels.
A wheat disease caused by a Leptosphaeria microscopica affecting a plant structure.
wheat Microscopica leaf spot fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Blumeria graminis affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms and signs: effuse patches (colonies) of cottony mycelium and conidia on the surface of plant, initially white and sporulating and late turning gray brown. As the powdery mildew colonies mature, the fungus produses cleiostothesia as distinct as brown black dots.
A wheat disease caused by a Zymoseptoria tritici affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms and signs: lessions on leaves re broadly elliptical with a tan center and usually have a distinct yellow margin. Pycinia are readily visible as small, black specks in the necrotic ares of the lession.
wheat Septoria tritici blotch fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Pyrenophora tritici-repentis affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms and signs: oval to diamond -shaped lesions with tan necrotic spots, brown centers, and yellow holos.
A wheat disease caused by a Parastagonospora nodorum affecting a vascular leaf or a glume.
Symptoms and signs: dark, elongated lesions on coleoptiles of emerged seedlings. Foliar lessions begin as yellow flecks, becoming brown or grayish brown, elongated, and often lens-shaped, surrounded by diffuse yellow areas. Glume infection by S. nodorum results in purple brown or grayish brown streaks and blotches, starting at the glume tips. often with prominent pycnidia evident.
wheat Stagonospora nodorum blotch fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Parastagonospora avenae f. sp. tritici affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms and signs: similar to those caused by S. nodorum, except not much infection on glumes.
wheat Stagonospora avenae blotch fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Microdochium nivale affecting a whole plant.
Symptoms and signs: The most important feature is visible pink color of affected plants and the presence of orange sporodochia at snow melt, containing numerous small conidia.
A wheat disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a root system.
Symptoms and signs: Distinct patches of stunted plants are indicative of Rhizoctonia root rot. Occasionally, seedlings are killed outright, resulting in bare patch. Under low magnification, root ends appear reddish brown and taper to a fine point, a diagnostic symptom known as spear tip. Usually only half of a lesion is evident at the end of a root.
wheat Rhizoctonia root rot fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Sclerotinia borealis affecting a whole plant.
Symptoms and signs: In the spring, dead leaves and plants are gray and thready. Numerous black, irregularly shaped sclerotia are usually present in and on diseased tissues.
wheat Sclerotinia snow mold fungal disease
A wheat disease caused by a Gaeumannomyces graminis affecting a plant structure.
Early stunting and foliar discoloration; limited tillering; bleached or straw-colored plants; limited formation of spikes; bleached spikes with shriveled kernels; dry rot of roots, crown, and basal culm tissue; shiny dark-brown to black surface mat of fungal tissue underneath leaf sheath at plant base; diseased plants easily pulled up from ground.
A wheat disease caused by a Typhula affecting a plant structure.
Symptoms and signs: Immediately following snow melt, foliage of plants with speckled snow mold is covered with a dense network of light-colored mycelium. Numerous dark-colored sclerotia become visible after foliage is exposed and dries for a few days. Sclerotia may be partially embeded in leaf tissue or scattered on the surface, giving plants a speckled appearance.
A wheat disease caused by a Ceratobasidium cereale affecting a plant structure.
Bare patches in field; areas of uneven plant height; stunted plants; reduced root mass with pinched or constricted appearance; fine, sharp-looking, red-brown points on roots
A wheat disease caused by a Bipolaris sorokiniana affecting a plant structure.
Small dark-brown lesions that elongate into blotches; dead leaves; shrivelled grain with black point; staining of embryo end of grain.
A wheat disease caused by a Barley yellow dwarf virus affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms: The quintessential symptoms are yellowing of leaves, especially the flag leaves and the shortening of internodes, resulting in a yellowed, dwarf plant. However, the discoloration can range across greens, yellows, oranges, reds, purples, and browns.
A wheat disease caused by a Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
Symptoms: Infection occurs in roots, and symptoms appear on leaves. The natural mode of infection of wheat by SBWMV is transmitted by Polymyxa graminis, a soilborne plasmodiophoraceous organism. Symptoms range from mild green to prominent yellow leaf mosaics
A wheat disease caused by a Wheat streak mosaic virus affecting a vascular leaf.
Symptoms:WSMV is transmitted by its mite vector. The margins of fields are often the first and sometimes the only areas affected. Infected plants usually are stunted and have mottled and streaked leaves. Leaf streaks are greenish yellow, parallel, and discontinuous.
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting wheat (Triticum sp.) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A wheat animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A wheat animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A wheat animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A wheat animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A wheat animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A wheat animal damage caused by a Heterodera latipons affecting a root.
A wheat animal damage caused by a Meloidogyne artiellia affecting a root.
A wheat animal damage caused by a Pratylenchus sp. affecting a root.
A banana disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Colletotrichum musae affecting a plant structure.
Colletotrichum musae fungal scald disease
A banana disease caused by a Armillaria mellea affecting a rhizome.
banana Armillaria corm rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Desarmillaria tabescens affecting a rhizome.
banana Desarmillaria corm rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Pseudocercospora fijiensis affecting a vascular leaf.
A banana disease caused by a Dematophora bunodes affecting a root.
A banana disease caused by a Cercospora hayi affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Thielaviopsis paradoxa affecting a pepo fruit.
banana Ceratocystis fruit rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Musicillium theobromae affecting a pepo fruit.
A banana disease caused by a Metulocladosporiella musae affecting a plant structure.
banana Cladosporium leaf speckle fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Lividopora vincta affecting a corm.
A banana disease caused by a Neocordana musae affecting a vascular leaf.
A banana disease caused by a Corynespora torulosa affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Corynespora torulosa affecting a pepo fruit.
banana Deightoniella fruit speckle tip rot fungal disease
banana Deightoniella fruit speckle fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Corynespora torulosa affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Deightoniella leaf spot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Haplobasidion musae affecting a vascular leaf.
A banana disease caused by a Cercospora hayi affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Diamond fruit spot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Pseudocercospora eumusae affecting a vascular leaf.
A banana disease caused by a Bipolaris gigantea affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Phyllosticta maculata affecting a pepo fruit.
A banana disease caused by a Neofusicoccum ribis affecting a pepo fruit.
banana Neofusicoccum ribis fruit rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Sarocladium strictum affecting a pepo fruit.
banana Sarocladium strictum fruit rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Curvularia spicifera affecting a pepo fruit.
banana Curvularia spicifera fruit rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Pestalotiopsis disseminata affecting a pepo fruit.
A banana disease caused by a Fusarium oxysporum affecting a plant structure.
banana Fusarium oxysporum fungal root-rot disease
A banana disease caused by a Fusarium solani affecting a plant structure.
banana Fusarium solani fungal root-rot disease
A banana disease caused by a Uredo musae affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Uredo musae Leaf rust fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Uromyces musae affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Uromyces musae leaf rust fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Acrodontium simplex affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Acrodontium simplex leaf speckle fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Mycosphaerella musae affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Mycosphaerella leaf speckle fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Lasiodiplodia theobromae affecting a pepo fruit.
banana Lasiodiplodia finger rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Thielaviopsis paradoxa affecting a stalk.
A banana disease caused by a Marasmiellus inoderma affecting a pseudostem.
banana Marasmiellus pseudostem rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Marasmiellus inoderma affecting a leaf sheath epidermis.
banana Marasmiellus root rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Pestalotiopsis palmarum affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Pestalotiopsis leaf spot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Phaeoseptoria musae affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Phaeoseptoria leaf spot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Pyricularia grisea affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Fusarium verticillioides affecting a pseudostem.
banana Pseudostem heart rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum affecting a pepo fruit.
banana Sclerotinia fruit rot fungal disease
A banana disease caused by a Pseudocercospora musae affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Pseudocercospora musae affecting a vascular leaf.
banana Sigatoka leaf spot fungal disease
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting bananas (Musa sp.) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A banana animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A banana animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A banana animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A banana animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A banana animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Nigrospora sphaerica affecting a pepo fruit.
A watery rot of the banana fruit, causes post harvest losses.
A banana disease caused by a Colletotrichum musae affecting a pseudostem.
A banana disease caused by a Ralstonia solanacearum affecting a plant structure.
In the Philippines, the disease is referred to as moko in plantation bananas but as bugtok for cooking bananas, where symptoms appear in the bunch bud.
A banana disease caused by a Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Banana bract mosaic virus affecting a bract.
A banana disease caused by a Banana bunchy top virus affecting a plant structure.
A banana disease caused by a Banana streak virus affecting a plant structure.
A banana animal damage caused by a Radopholus similis affecting a root system.
A banana animal damage caused by a Meloidogyne arenaria affecting a root system.
A banana animal damage caused by a Pratylenchus coffeae affecting a root system.
A bean disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Curtobacterium citreum pv. basellae affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Alternaria alternata affecting a vascular leaf.
bean Alternaria leaf spot fungal disease
A bean disease caused by a Alternaria alternata affecting a legume fruit.
A bean disease caused by a Pseudocercospora griseola affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Colletotrichum lindemuthianum affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Aphanomyces euteiches affecting a plant structure.
bean Aphanomyces root and hypocotyl rot ooymycete disease
A bean disease caused by a Macrophomina phaseolina affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Boeremia diversispora affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Berkeleyomyces basicola affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Cercospora canescens affecting a plant structure.
bean Cercospora leaf spot and blotch fungal disease
A bean disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a seedling hypocotyl.
A bean disease caused by a Diaporthe phaseolorum affecting a plant structure.
bean Diaporthe pod blight fungal disease
A bean disease caused by a Mycovellosiella phaseoli affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Fusarium phaseoli affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Botrytis cinerea affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Boeremia diversispora affecting a vascular leaf.
bean Phyllosticta leaf spot fungal disease
A bean disease caused by a Phymatotrichopsis omnivora affecting a plant structure.
bean Phymatotrichum root rot fungal disease
A bean disease caused by a Trichothecium roseum affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Erysiphe polygoni affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Uromyces appendiculatus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Elsinoe phaseoli affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Agroathelia rolfsii affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Stagonosporopsis hortensis affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a vascular leaf.
A bean disease caused by a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Eremothecium gossypii affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Phytophthora nicotianae affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Phytophthora phaseoli affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Globisporangium irregulare or a Globisporangium ultimum affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Pythium aphanidermatum or a Pythium myriotylum affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Alfamovirus AMV affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Cowpea mild mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Bean calico mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Bean common mosaic necrosis virus affecting a plant structure.
bean common mosaic necrosis viral disease
A bean disease caused by a Bean common mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Bean dwarf mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Bean golden mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Bean pod mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Bean rugose mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Cowpea severe mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Southern bean mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Tobacco yellow dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Bean yellow dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Bean yellow mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Clover yellow vein virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Cucumber mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Beet curly top virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Peanut mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Peanut stunt virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Tobacco streak virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a Soybean mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A bean disease caused by a unidentified tobacco necrosis virus affecting a plant structure.
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A bean animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A bean animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A bean animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A bean animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A bean animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Acidovorax avenae affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Xanthomonas vasicola affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Robbsia andropogonis affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Dickeya chrysanthemi affecting a plant structure.
sorghum bacterial top and stalk rot disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Sarocladium strictum affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Colletotrichum graminicola affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a vascular leaf or a leaf sheath.
sorghum banded leaf and sheath blight fungal disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Macrophomina phaseolina affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Sclerophthora macrospora affecting a plant structure.
sorghum razy top downy mildew oomycete disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Claviceps sorghi affecting a panicle inflorescence.
A sorghum disease caused by a Fusarium sp. affecting a panicle inflorescence.
sorghum Fusarium head blight fungal disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Fusarium sp. affecting a root.
sorghum Fusarium root rot fungal disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Fusarium sp. affecting a stem.
sorghum Fusarium stalk rot fungal disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Cercospora sorghi affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Catenulocercospora fusimaculans affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Exserohilum turcicum affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Periconia circinata affecting a root.
A sorghum disease caused by a Ramulispora sorghicola affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Fusarium subglutinans affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Pythium affecting a plant structure.
sorghum Pythium root rot oomycete disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Ascochyta sorghi affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Puccinia purpurea affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Agroathelia rolfsii affecting a plant structure.
sorghum southern sclerotial rot fungal disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Sporisorium sorghi affecting a caryopsis fruit.
sorghum covered kernel smut fungal disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Sporisorium reilianum affecting a panicle inflorescence.
A sorghum disease caused by a Sporisorium cruentum affecting a caryopsis fruit.
sorghum loose kernel smut fungal disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Ramulispora sorghi affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Peronosclerospora sorghi affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Phyllachora sorghi affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Bipolaris sorghicola affecting a vascular leaf.
A sorghum disease caused by a Microdochium sorghi affecting a vascular leaf or a leaf sheath.
sorghum zonate leaf spot and sheath blight fungal disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Fiji disease virus affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Maize chlorotic dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
sorghum maize chlorotic dwarf viral disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Maize rough dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Maize streak virus affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Tenuivirus zeae affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Mal de Rio Cuarto virus affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Sugarcane streak mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
sorghum sugarcane streak mosaic virus disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Wheat streak mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
sorghum wheat streak mosaic virus disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Johnsongrass mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
sorghum Johnsongrass mosaic virus disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Maize dwarf mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
sorghum maize dwarf mosaic virus disease
A sorghum disease caused by a Sorghum mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Sugarcane mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Peanut clump virus affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum disease caused by a Sorghum chlorotic spot virus affecting a plant structure.
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A sorghum animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A sorghum animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Bacteria affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Fungi affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Viruses affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Oomycota affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Bacillus subtilis affecting a seed.
soybean Bacillus seed decay bacterial disease
A soybean disease caused by a Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines affecting a seed.
A soybean disease caused by a Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens or a Ralstonia solanacearum affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Alternaria alternata affecting a vascular leaf.
soybean Alternaria leaf spot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Alternaria atrans affecting a legume fruit.
soybean Alternaria pod necrosis fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Alternaria tenuissima affecting a seed.
soybean Alternaria seed decay fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Colletotrichum truncatum affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Aristastoma guttulosum affecting a plant structure.
soybean Aristastoma leaf spot and yellowing fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Septoria glycines affecting a vascular leaf.
A soybean disease caused by a Cercospora kikuchii affecting a vascular leaf.
soybean Cercospora leaf blight fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Cercospora kikuchii affecting a seed.
soybean Cercospora purple seed stain fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Choanephora cucurbitarum or a Choanephora infundibulifera affecting a plant structure.
soybean Choanephora leaf blight fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Exserohilum rostratum affecting a plant structure.
soybean Drechslera blight fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Cercospora sojina affecting a plant structure.
soybean frogeye leaf spot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Fusarium affecting a seed.
soybean Fusarium seed rot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Leptosphaerulina trifolii affecting a plant structure.
soybean Leptosphaerulina leaf spot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Diaporthe longicolla affecting a seed.
soybean Phomopsis seed decay fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Phyllosticta sojicola affecting a vascular leaf.
soybean Phyllosticta leaf spot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Diaporthe sojae affecting a legume fruit or a stem.
soybean pod and stem blight fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Erysiphe diffusa or a Erysiphe glycines affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Coniothyrium glycines affecting a vascular leaf.
A soybean disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a vascular leaf.
soybean Rhizoctonia foliar blight fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Phakopsora meibomiae or a Phakopsora pachyrhizi affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Elsinoe glycines affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum affecting a stem.
soybean Sclerotinia stem rot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Stemphylium vesicarium or a Stemphylium botryosum affecting a vascular leaf.
soybean Stemphylium leaf blight fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Corynespora cassiicola affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Eremothecium ashbyi or a Eremothecium coryli affecting a legume fruit or a seed.
soybean yeast spot of pods and seeds fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Cadophora gregata affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Macrophomina phaseolina affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Fusarium oxysporum affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Fusarium incarnatum affecting a legume fruit or a stem.
soybean Fusarium pod and collar rot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Fusarium affecting a root system.
soybean Fusarium root rot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Calonectria ilicicola or a Calonectria cylindrospora affecting a root system.
A soybean disease caused by a Rhizoctonia solani affecting a plant structure.
soybean Rhizoctonia damping-off and root rot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Agroathelia rolfsii affecting a plant structure.
soybean Sclerotium blight fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Stachybotrys chartarum affecting a plant structure.
soybean Stachybotrys root rot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Diaporthe caulivora affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Fusarium virguliforme affecting a plant structure.
soybean sudden death syndrome fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Berkeleyomyces basicola affecting a root.
soybean Thielaviopsis root rot fungal disease
A soybean disease caused by a Phytophthora sansomeana or a Phytophthora sojae affecting a root system or a stem.
soybean Phytophthora root and stem rot oomycete disease
A soybean disease caused by a Peronospora manshurica affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Pythium or a Globisporangium affecting a seed.
soybean Pythium seed rot oomycete disease
A soybean disease caused by a Pythium or a Globisporangium affecting a seedling.
soybean Pythium damping-off oomycete disease
A soybean disease caused by a Pythium or a Globisporangium affecting a root.
soybean Pythium root rot oomycete disease
A soybean disease caused by a Alfamovirus AMV affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Bean pod mottle virus affecting a legume fruit.
A soybean disease caused by a Bean common mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
soybean bean common mosaic virus disease
A soybean disease caused by a Cucumber mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
soybean cowpea chlorotic mottle virus disease
A soybean disease caused by a Cowpea mild mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
soybean cowpea mild mottle virus disease
A soybean disease caused by a Cowpea severe mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
soybean cowpea severe mosaic virus disease
A soybean disease caused by a Mungbean yellow mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
soybean mungbean yellow mosaic virus disease
A soybean disease caused by a Peanut stunt virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Soybean crinkle leaf virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Soybean chlorotic mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Soybean mild mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Soybean mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Soybean dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Tobacco streak virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Tobacco ringspot virus affecting a plant structure.
A soybean disease caused by a Tobacco mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A plant animal damage (PSO:0000004) affecting soybean (Glycine max) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A soybean animal damage caused by a Nematoda affecting a plant structure.
A soybean animal damage caused by a Insecta affecting a plant structure.
A soybean animal damage caused by a Arachnida affecting a plant structure.
A soybean animal damage caused by a Aves affecting a plant structure.
A soybean animal damage caused by a Glires affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Barley yellow dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Brome mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Cereal yellow dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Cereal chlorotic mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
maize cereal chlorotic mottle virus disease
A maize disease caused by a Cucumber mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Wheat mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize chlorotic dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize chlorotic mottle virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize dwarf mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Johnsongrass mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Pennisetum mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Sorghum mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Sugarcane mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Zea mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Wheat streak mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize fine streak virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize necrotic streak virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize rayado fino virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize rough dwarf virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize streak virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Tenuivirus zeae affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Maize white line mosaic virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Mal de Rio Cuarto virus affecting a plant structure.
A maize disease caused by a Tenuivirus oryzaclavatae affecting a plant structure.
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting bananas (Musa sp.) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting cassava (Manihot esculenta) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting maize (Zea mays) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting grape (Vitis sp.) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting rice (Oryza sativa) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting soybean (Glycine max) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) affecting wheat (Triticum sp.) which results in a disorder in a plant structure (PO:0009011).
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
phenotype
Western Australian Mulga Shrublands Ecoregion
Australasia Ecoregion
Southern central Australia Ecoregion
Simpson Desert Region
Pilbara Shrublands Ecoregion
Carnarvon Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion
Central Ranges Xeric Shrub Ecoregion
Gibson Desert Ecoregion
The Great Sandy-Tanami Desert Ecoregion
Great Victoria Desert Ecoregion
Nullarbor Plains Xeric Shrubland Ecoregion
Afrotropical Ecoregion
Southern Africa: Southern Namibia into South Africa
Succulent Karoo Ecoregion
Arabian Peninsula: Yemen and Saudi Arabia
Yemen and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion
Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman
Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Ecoregion
Somali montane xeric woodlands ecoregion
Somali Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion
Islands east of the Horn of Africa and south of Yemen Ecoregion
Socotran Archipelago Ecoregion
Red Sea Coastal Desert Ecoregion
Namibian Savanna Woodland Ecoregion
Namib Desert Ecoregion
Nama Karoo Ecoregion
Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion
Madagascar Succulent Woodlands Ecoregion
Madagascar Spiny Thickets Ecoregion
Africa: Coastal Namibia and Angola Ecoregion
Kaokoveld Desert Ecoregion
Kalahari Xeric Savanna Ecoregion
Southern Africa: Islands about half-way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Ecoregion
Ile Europa and Bassas da India Ecoregion
Hobyo Grassland and Shrubland Ecoregion
Arabian Peninsula: Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion
Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion
Ethiopian Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion
Eritrean Coastal Desert Ecoregion
North central Africa: Eastern Chad and small area of western Sudan
East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion
Western Asia: Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion
Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion
Aldabra Island Xeric Scrub Ecoregion
Indo-Malay Ecoregion
Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan
Thar Desert
Southern Asia: Eastern India and western Pakistan
Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests
Solar radiation
example to be eventually removed
metadata complete
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
organizational term
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
The term was created to ease viewing/sorting terms for development purposes, but will not be included in a release.
ready for release
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
metadata incomplete
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
uncurated
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
pending final vetting
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
to be replaced with external ontology term
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
Alan Ruttenberg
requires discussion
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
A plant disease (PSO:0000013) of Musa sp. which is caused by a disease-causing organism.
MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z
GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity'
GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction'
This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps"
If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this.
inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
effector input is compound function input
Input of effector is input of its parent MF
if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X
if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X
if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X
'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).
'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).