A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.
A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges.
Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin ½, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV.
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium.
A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a dicarboxylic acid monoester.
An unsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of any octadecanoid.
An octadecanoid anion anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of any hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid.
A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives
Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons.
A reagent that lightens or whitens a substrate through chemical reaction. Bleaching reactions usually involve oxidative or reductive processes that degrade colour systems. Bleaching can occur by destroying one or more of the double bonds in the conjugated chain, by cleaving the conjugated chain, or by oxidation of one of the other moieties in the conjugated chain. Their reactivity results in many bleaches having strong bactericidal, disinfecting, and sterilising properties.
An octadecenoate in which the double bond is at C-9.
An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy and one of the phosphate OH groups as well as protonation of the amino group of glyphosate. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either α- or γ-linolenic acid.
Any polyunsaturated fatty acid anion carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.
a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid
hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid anions
hydroperoxy-polyunsaturated fatty acid anion
hydroperoxy-polyunsaturated fatty acid anions
hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid anion
Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 °C (482 °F) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.
An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).
An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two other carbons (R4,R5 ≠ H).
A 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any diastereomer of jasmonic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
A Brønsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water.
A jasmonate anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of (+)-jasmonic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
{(1S,2S)-3-oxo-2-[(2 Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl}acetate
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0°C and 100 kPa).
An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39).
3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing) inhibitor
3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing) inhibitors
3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing; D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-forming) inhibitor
3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing; D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-forming) inhibitors
D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
D-ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
D-ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.39 (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) inhibitors
diphosphoribulose carboxylase inhibitors
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitor
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitors
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitor
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitors
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitor
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitors
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitor
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitors
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.39 (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) inhibitor
Any carotenoid derivative with a ψ-end group.
Any carotenoid derivative with an β-end group
A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is the carbanion obtained by removal of the acidic proton from position 21 of any chlorophyll. Major species at pH 7.3
A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion obtained by removal of the acidic proton from position 21 as well as deprotonation of the carboxy group of any chlorophyllide. Major species at pH 7.3
{(1S,2S)-3-oxo-2-[(2 Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl}acetic acid
A ketone containing a hydroxy group on the α-carbon relative to the C=O group.
Any monounsaturated fatty acid containing 18 carbons and 1 double bond.
Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 18 carbons and 2 double bonds.
A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is 2-aminobutanoic acid which is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl group.
2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid
2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butyric acid
A 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid that has S configuration at position 2. A glutamine synthetase inhibitor, it is used (generally as the corresponding ammonium or sodium salts, known as glufosinate-P-ammonium and glufosinate-P-sodium, respectively) as a herbicide to control annual weeds and grasses.
(2S)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]butyric acid
(2S)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid
(2S)-2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid
A 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid that has R configuration at position 2. The enantiomer of glufosinate-P.
(2R)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]butyric acid
(2R)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid
(2R)-2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid
An amino acid zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of (2R)-glufosinate.
4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]-D-homoalanine zwitterion
An amino acid zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of glufosinate-P.
(2S)-2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid zwitterion
4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]-L-homoalanine zwitterion
An organic anion resulting from the deprotonation of the phosphinic acid group of (2R)-glufosinate zwitterion.
4-(methylphosphinato)-D-homoalanine zwitterion
An organic anion resulting from the deprotonation of the phosphinic acid group of (2R)-glufosinate-P zwitterion.
(2S)-2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinato)butanoic acid zwitterion
4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]-L-homoalanine zwitterion(1-)
Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting.
A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity.
A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms
The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain.
Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n ≥ 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.
A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, ‒OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3', 4', 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers.
A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.
An acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits.
An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.
A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from phosphonic acid
An inorganic peroxide consisting of two hydroxy groups joined by a covalent oxygen-oxygen single bond.
Any organic cation that is an aglycon of anthocyanin cation; they are oxygenated derivatives of flavylium (2-phenylchromenylium).
A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.
A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome.
A trisaccharide composed of α-D-galactopyranose, α-D-glucopyranose and β-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1→6 and 1↔2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.
beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside
alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside
Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from α-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
Any octanoid that is derived from jasmonate.
Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001.
A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).
An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
Any substance that inhibits the process of ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms.
An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.
C18:2 9c, 12c omega6 todos cis-9,12-octadienoico
A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.
A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group).
A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid.
A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring.
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
(E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid
3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid
A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3.
Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan.
A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.
The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.
Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose.
beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside
'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
A class of terpenoids formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process.
Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose).
A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues.
[(2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl (2(2)R,17S,18S)-7-ethyl-2(1),2(2),17,18-tetrahydro-2(2)-(methoxycarbonyl)-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-2(1)-oxo-12-ethenylcyclopenta[at]porphyrin-18-propanoato(2-)]magnesium
(SP-4-2)-((2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenyl (3S,4S,21R)-9-ethenyl-14-ethyl-21-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,8,13,18-tetramethyl-20-oxo-3-phorbinepropanoato(2-)-kappaN(23),kappaN(24),kappaN(25),kappaN(26))-magnesium
A β-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1→4) linkages.
An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
{(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl}acetic acid
(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-(2Z)-2-penten-ylcyclopentanacetic acid
(1R,2R)-3-oxo-2-(pent-2Z-enyl)-cyclopentaneacetic acid
An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.
A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate.
A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom
Any polyunsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.
are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers.
A member of the class of ferulic acids that is cinnamic acid substituted by a methoxy and a hydroxy group at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl ring.
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid
Any unsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.19).
3-enol-pyruvoylshikimate-5-phosphate synthase inhibitor
3-enol-pyruvoylshikimate-5-phosphate synthase inhibitors
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.19) inhibitor
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.19) inhibitors
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitor
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitors
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitors
phosphoenolpyruvate:3-phosphoshikimate 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-transferase inhibitor
phosphoenolpyruvate:3-phosphoshikimate 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-transferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-C bond.
A member of the class of abscisic acids in which the double bond betweeen positions 2 and 3 has cis- (natural) geometry.
(2Z,4E)-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l ≠ 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek αυξανω, "to grow").
A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Brønsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base).
Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the δ chemical shift scale.
The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid.
One of a class of tetraterpenoids (C40), formally derived from the acyclic parent, ψ,ψ-carotene by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, oxidation, or combination of these processes. This class includes carotenes, xanthophylls and certain compounds that arise from rearrangement of the skeleton of ψ,ψ-carotene or by loss of part of this structure. Retinoids are excluded.
Any α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
A group of metal atoms that are located in the periodic table between transition metals and metalloids.
An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.
An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring.
Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.
A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
A substance used to destroy fungal pests.
Any hexosamine that is glucose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by an amino group.
An EC 6.3.* (C‒N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate—ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2).
EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitors
L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitor
glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitors
glutamylhydroxamic synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor
A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glycine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO‒, RS‒, RSe‒, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.
Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres.
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
A substance used to destroy plant pests.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.
Any 6-carbon amino monosaccharide with at least one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by an amino group.
Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.
A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH−).
An α-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing one hydrogen and one organyl group. Secondary α-hydroxy ketones are also known as acyloins, and are formally derived from reductive coupling of two carboxylic acid groups.
Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.
Any flavone in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.
A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid specified is acetic acid.
Any indolyl carboxylic acid carrying an indol-3-yl or substituted indol-3-yl group.
Any compound containing an indole skeleton.
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
Compounds of structure ROOR' in which R and R' are inorganic groups.
Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.
A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives.
The jasmonates (JAs) are a group of plant hormones which help regulate plant growth and development.
Any hexose containing a single ketone group.
Ketonic parent sugars (polyhydroxy ketones H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)[CH(OH)]mH) and their intramolecular hemiketals.
Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.
mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors
mitochondrial electron-transport chain inhibitor
mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment.
An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution.
An epoxycarotenoid that is 6,7-didehydro-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-5',6'-epoxy-β,β-carotene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3, 3', and 5 positions.
An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.
A long-chain, unsaturated fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any octadecadienoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
Any straight-chain, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds.
A fatty acid anion 18:0 that is the conjugate base of octadecanoic acid (stearic acid). Stearates have a variety of uses in the pharmaceutical industry.
Any trienoic fatty acid having eighteen carbons.
Any member of the group of C18 monounsaturated fatty acids with the double bond located at any position in the chain.
A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the ω−3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.
Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
Any organic ion with a net positive charge.
An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.
An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound.
A solute used by a cell under water stress to maintain cell volume.
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.
Any fatty acid anion containing at least one C-C unsaturated bond; formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety.
Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.
Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.
Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom.
H2P(=O)OH (phosphinic acid) and its P-hydrocarbyl derivatives.
HP(=O)(OH)2 (phosphonic acid) and its P-substituted derivatives.
A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.
A toxin made by a plant that acts against an organism attacking it.
An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light.
A chemical, natural or artificial, that can affect the rate of growth of a plant.
Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.
A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.
Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the α-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure.
An α-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.
Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess.
An α-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class.
Any terpenoid derived from a sesquiterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C15 skeleton of the parent sesquiterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group.
A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, ‒OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.
A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
Any terpenoid derived from a tetraterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C40 skeleton of the parent tetraterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.
Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.
A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.
A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C≡C bond.
An epoxycarotenol that is 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-β,β-carotene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 3'. It is the naturally occurring xanthophyll pigment found in a variety of plants.
A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.
A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).
A linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect.
(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
9-cis,12-cis,15-cis-octadecatrienoic acid
cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid
cis-Delta(9,12,15)-octadecatrienoic acid
A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
Any hydroxyflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3'.
A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).
A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions.
[methyl (3S,4S,21R)-9-ethenyl-14-ethyl-13-formyl-4,8,18-trimethyl-20-oxo-3-(3-oxo-3-{[(2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl]oxy}propyl)phorbine-21-carboxylatato(2-)-kappa(4)N(23),N(24),N(25),N(26)]magnesium
(SP-4-2)-((2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenyl (3S,4S,21R)-9-ethenyl-14-ethyl-13-formyl-21-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,8,18-trimethyl-20-oxo-3-phorbinepropanoato(2-)-kappaN(23),kappaN(24),kappaN(25),kappaN(26))-magnesium
An α-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.
alpha-Amino-beta-(3-indolyl)-propionic acid
The most important reserve polysaccharide found in plants. It is a glucan consisting of amylose and amylopectin.
A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in α(1→4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by α(1→6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of α(1→3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.
A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.
A glucan composed of unbranched chains of D-glucopyranose residues in α(1→4) glycosidic linkage. The number of repeated glucose subunits (n) is usually in the range of 300 to 3000, but can be many thousands. One of the two components of starch (the other, 70-80%, being amylopectin). Cf. linear maltodextrin, in which the chain length is typically between 3 and 17 glucose units.
A cyclic carotene with a β- and an ε-ring at opposite ends respectively.
A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.
A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose.
A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.
2beta,7alpha-dihydroxy-1beta-methyl-8-methylidene-13-oxo-4a,1alpha-epoxymethano-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibb-3-ene-10beta-carboxylic acid
A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.
The conjugate base of a fatty acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty acid.
An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia.
Any sugar having one or more alcoholic hydroxy groups replaced by substituted or unsubstituted amino groups.
A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid.
A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.
A divalent metal cation in which the metal is manganese.
An ion of copper carrying a double positive charge.
The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium.
A monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium.
A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of phosphorous acid.
A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.
A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia.
A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid.
An octadecadienoate with cis- double bonds at the 9- and 12- positions; the conjugate base of linoleic acid.
(9Z,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ion(1-)
(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ion(1-)
A C18, long straight-chain monounsaturated fatty acid anion; and the conjugate base of oleic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.
An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of indole-3-acetic acid.
A compound in which a hydroxy group, ‒OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.
A linolenate that is the conjugate base of α-linolenic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.
An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of glycine, arising from protonation of the amino.
An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glycine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of tryptophan, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of tryptophan, arising from protonation of the α-amino group.
An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of proline, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of proline, arising from protonation of the amino group.
An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n. Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having more than one double bond are alkadienes, alkatrienes, etc.
A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms.
Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.
An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l ≠ 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
A particle not known to have substructure.
A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.
An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).
An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.
Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.
Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.
Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.
A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l ≠ 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants.
An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.
An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.
Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
An ester of a carboxylic acid, R1C(=O)OR2, where R1 = H or organyl and R2 = organyl.
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.
A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in phosphonic acid.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any α-amino acid.
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one ‒C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.
A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
A molecule that features two fused rings.
Acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, apart from the formal ones in aromatic compounds. The class olefins subsumes alkenes and cycloalkenes and the corresponding polyenes.
Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bond.
Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds.
An aliphatic compound having a carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.
A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekulé structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.
A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
A macromolecule formed by a living organism.
A cation consisting of more than one atom.
An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position α to the carboxy group.
When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue.
A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.
An amino-acid residue derived from an α-amino acid.
An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.
A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (‒C=) and/or vinylene (‒CH=CH‒) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous π-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane π-electrons corresponding to the Hückel rule (4n+2).
A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.
An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.
Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals.
Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.
A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2].
A C15 terpene.
A C20 terpene.
A C40 terpene.
A substance which lowers the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapour and/or at other interfaces.
Any flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of an anthocyanidin cation.
A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.
The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene.
Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.
Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H‒[CHOH]n‒C(=O)[CHOH]m‒H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group.
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
heterocyclic organic fundamental parents
organic heterocyclic fundamental parents
Any molecular entity that consists of a ring having (formally) the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds.
mancude-ring organic heterobicyclic parents
mancude-ring organic heterocyclic parents
A simplest member of the class of chromene in which the heterocyclic pyran ring has a double bond between positions 3 and 4.
A simplest member of the class of chromene in which the heterocyclic pyran ring has a double bond between positions 2 and 3.
A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food.
Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.
A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, ‒OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.
A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter.
An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce.
Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached.
A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated.
A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid.
Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group.
Any carboxylic acid anion containing at least one oxo group.
A monosubstitution product of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.
Monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide HOOH, having the skeleton ROOH, in which R is any organyl group.
A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.
An octadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9.
A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.
A member of the class of chromenyliums that is chromene with a protonated oxygen.
A member of the class of chromenyliums that is chromenylium with a phenyl substituent at position 2.
A cyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.
Any alicyclic ketone that consists of a cyclopentane skeleton substituted by at least one oxo group.
A compound in which two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond.
Unsaturated C18 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.
Hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acids, formed in mammalian cells by peroxidation of linoleic acid.
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek λεπτοσ (small, thin).
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek βαρυσ (heavy).
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi.
A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles).
Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force.
A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states.
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
saturated heteromonocyclic parent hydride
saturated heteromonocyclic parent hydrides
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parents
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
A C18, straight-chain, unsaturated long-chain fatty acid anion and the conjugate base of its corresponding octadecatrienoic acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.
A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table.
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues.
Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'.
Any ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a ring.
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Brønsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
Any olefinic compound having two double bonds from one carbon atom to two others.
An alkene that is octadecane containing one double bond at unspecified position.
An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the ‒C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.
An aldohexose that is the C-2 epimer of glucose.
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein kinases.
A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
A hormone that specifically regulates growth.
A plant growth regulator that modulates the formation of stems, leaves and flowers, as well as the development and ripening of fruit. The term includes endogenous and non-endogenous compounds (e.g. active compounds produced by bacteria on the leaf surface) as well as semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.
A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units.
Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.
Chlorophylls lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.
Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring.
respiratory electron-transport chain inhibitor
An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1).
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitors
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitor
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitors
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
Any hydroxyflavone carrying four hydroxy substituents.
Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group.
Any magnesium ion that is positively charged.
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Brønsted base).
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Brønsted acid).
A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct.
Any chemical substance that inhibits the life-cycle of an organism.
Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain.
A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated.
A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate.
A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids.
A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.
A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition.
Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.
Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc.
Any member of the 'superclass' flavonoids whose skeleton is based on 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 2. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.
A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.
An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity.
A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds.
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor.
Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Brønsted acids and bases.
An agent and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.
A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals.
Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own.
Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances.
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
An agent that binds to and activates excitatory amino acid receptors.
A substance that can be converted into a vitamin by animal tissues.
Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent.
Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.
A univalent organyl group obtained by cleaving the bond from C-2 to the side chain of a proteinogenic amino-acid.
proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain groups
proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group
Substance that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc.
An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.
A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues.
A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
Biologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system.
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells.
A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.
A substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems.
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s).
An α,β-unsaturated ketone of general formula R1R2C=CR3‒C(=O)R4 (R4 ≠ H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the α,β position.
A ketone of general formula R1R2C=CR3‒C(=O)R4 (R4 ≠ H) or R1C≡C‒C(=O)R2 (R2 ≠ H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the α,β position.
An organic anion that is the conjugate base of methanol.
A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (2S)-gluphosinate (better known as gluphosinate-P) and (2R)-gluphosinate.
rac-2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid
(2RS)-2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]butyric acid
2-Amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid
3-Amino-3-carboxypropylmethylphosphinic acid
DL-2-Amino-4-(methylphosphino)butanoic acid
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.
A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties.
A biological role relating to the normal mechanisms and their interactions within a living system.
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
A compound arising from loss of part of the carotene skeleton (excluding retinoids)
Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond.
Any one of a large family of chemically related mycotoxins with a structure based on a sesquiterpene skeleton. The most important structural features causing the biological activities of trichothecenes are a 12,13-epoxy ring, the presence of hydroxy or acetyl groups at appropriate positions on the trichothecene nucleus and the structure and position of the side-chain.
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.
An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of glycine.
A flavonoid oxoanion that is the conjugate base of luteolin, arising from selective deprotonation of the 7-hydroxy group.
A fatty acid anion with a chain length of C13 to C22.
A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is the conjugate base of chlorophyllide a arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion arising from deprotonation at the 21-position of chlorophyll a.
A 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of jasmonic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.
A gibberellin carboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of gibberellin A3.
A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is the conjugate base of chlorophyllide b, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.
An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a cyclic tetrapyrrole compound.
An amino-acid residue protonated on nitrogen.
An organic phosphoric acid derivative in which one or more oxygen atoms of the phosphate group(s) has been deprotonated.
Any fatty acid anion in which there is no C‒C unsaturation.
Any saturated fatty acid anion lacking a carbon side-chain.
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anions
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion
A carboxylic acid anion arising from deprotonation of one or more carboxy groups of any gibberellin.
A substance used as an indicator of a biological state.
Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain.
A fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid functional group of a straight-chain fatty acid.
Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement.
Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units.
A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons.
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.
Any anion arising from deprotonation of at least one OH group in a flavonoid compound.
An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.
A nickel atom having a net electric charge.
A lead atom having a net electric charge.
A selenium atom having a net electric charge.
A lead atom having a positive net electric charge.
An aluminium atom having a net electric charge.
Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged.
A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers.
Any amino sugar that is a monosaccharide in which one alcoholic hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group.
A class of diterpene formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process; they are sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics. Diterpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 20 carbon atoms and 4 branched methyl groups and are made up of isoprenoid units.
Any lipid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.
An chromium atom having a net electric charge.
The cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is chlorophyll b protonated to pH 7.3.
[methyl (3S,4S)-9-ethenyl-14-ethyl-13-formyl-4,8,18-trimethyl-20-oxo-3-(3-oxo-3-{[(2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl]oxy}propyl)phorbine-21-carboxylatato(3-)-kappaN(23),kappa(4)N(24),kappaN(25),kappaN(26)]magnesate(1-)
Zwitterionic form of a polar amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group.
A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of cis-abscisic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
Any apo carotenoid sesquiterpenoid that is 3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted at position 5 by a 1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl group and in which the acyclic double bond between positions 4 and 5 has E-configuration.
(4E)-5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxy group of any member of the class of abscisic acids.
A family of nitrogen molecular entities which are highly reactive and derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (O2•−) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively.
Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver.
The chemical role played by a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability.
Any zinc ion that is positively charged.
An aluminium atom having a positive net electric charge.
A transition element cation where the metal is specifed as cadmium.
A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity.
A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction.
Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds.
A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a disaccharide.
An aromatic amino acid whose α-carboxylic acid group is ionized (non-protonated).
A substance capable of undergoing rapid and highly exothermic decomposition.
Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.
A fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of any hydroperoxy fatty acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety.
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents.
A compound used to form the matrix for MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry. MALDI matrix materials are crystalline compounds with a fairly low molecular weight, so as to allow facile vaporization, have strong absorption at UV or IR wavelengths (to rapidly and efficiently absorb laser irradiation), generally contain polar groups (enabling them to be used in aqueous solutions) and are frequently acidic (so assisting ionisation of the compound being studied, which is contained within the matrix material).
'matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization' matrix material
'matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization' matrix materials
An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of tryptophan; major species at pH 7.3.
A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.
An EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1).
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitors
L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor
L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) inhibitor
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) inhibitors
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors
serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor
serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor
An excitatory amino acid agonist which binds to NMDA receptors and triggers a response.
An inorganic cation with a valency of two.
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.
An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of three.
A group that carries an overall positive charge.
A group that carries an overall negative charge.
An amino-acid residue carrying an overall negative charge.
Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
An antagonist at the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonists
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide.
Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299).
A compound that inhibits the action of γ-aminobutyric acid.
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonists
An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy and one of the phosphate OH groups of glyphosate.
Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.
Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
Any substance that inhibits the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
Any substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
A flavone C-glycoside that is luteolin attached to a disaccharide residue at position 6. It has been isolated from natural product Petrorhagia velutina and Zea mays and exhibits insecticidal and neuroprotective activities.
An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of a transferase (EC 2.*)
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of fatty acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.85), a multi-enzyme protein involved in fatty acid synthesis.
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitors
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing and thioester-hydrolysing) inhibitor
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing and thioester-hydrolysing) inhibitors
fatty acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.85) inhibitor
fatty acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.85) inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor
Any organic molecular entity whose stucture is based on derivatives of a phenyl-substituted 1-phenylpropane possessing a C15 or C16 skeleton, or such a structure which is condensed with a C6-C3 lignan precursors. The term is a 'superclass' comprising all members of the classes of flavonoid, isoflavonoid, neoflavonoid, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, pterocarpan, coumestans, rotenoid, flavonolignan, homoflavonoid and flavonoid oligomers. Originally restricted to natural products, the term is also applied to synthetic compounds related to them.
Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
Any organic cation that consists of a chromenylium skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.
Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds.
An agonist that binds to and activates abscisic acid receptors.
Any oligosaccharide that has a biosynthetic pathway in common with that of raffinose.
A ligase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a C‒N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*.*).
C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitor
C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitors
EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitorS
EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a ligase (EC 6.*.*.*). Ligases are enzymes that catalyse the joining of two molecules with concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any aromatic amino-acid.
Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound.
A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'.
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms.
Any unsaturated fatty acid anion containing more than one C-C unsaturated bond. Major species at pH 7.3.
Any glycerolipid that is glycerol bearing three substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl at each of the three possible positions.
Any protective agent that is able to prevent damage to the kidney.
A transferase inhibitor inhibiting the action of transferase of a one-carbon-containing group (EC 2.1.*.*).
one-carbon-containing group transferase inhibitor
one-carbon-containing group transferase inhibitors
A transferase inhibitor that interferes with the action of an acyltransferase (EC 2.3.*.*).
A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the transfer of an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.1.*).
EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors
alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitor
alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitors
non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitors
non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitor
non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitors
non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitor
non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor
A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the action of a phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*.*).
EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitors
EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitor
EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitors
phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitor
phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitors
phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitor
phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of a lyase (EC 4.*.*.*). Lyases are enzymes cleaving C‒C, C‒O, C‒N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation.
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C‒C lyase (EC 4.1.*.*).
An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*).
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*.*).
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitor
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*).
A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*.*).
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*).
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*).
EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitors
carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitor
carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*).
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*).
EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitors
protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*) inhibitor
protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*) inhibitors
protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitor
protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor
An EC 6.3.* (C‒N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase (EC 6.3.1.*).
EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitors
acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitor
acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitors
EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitor
An EC 2.5.* (transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any transferase that transfers an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.*).
EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors
non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitor
non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitors
EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor
An EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*).
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase (EC 2.1.2.*).
EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitors
hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2.*) inhibitor
hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2.*) inhibitors
EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor
An EC 2.3.* (acyltransferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any acyltransferase transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups (EC 2.3.1.*).
EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitors
acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group EC 2.3.1.* inhibitor
acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group EC 2.3.1.* inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor
An EC 4.1.* (C‒C lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any carboxy-lyase (EC 4.1.1.*).
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans.
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199).
Any protective agent that is able to prevent damage to the heart.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).
A fatty acid anion containing 18 carbons and one double bond. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. Major species at pH 7.3.
Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 18 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3.
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.
Any EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1 ).
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitors
An amino acid-zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any α-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3.
Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation.
carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives
Any metabolite produced by all living cells.
Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond.
A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C≡C bond.
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24).
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated) inhibitor
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitors
extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor
extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors
microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase inhibitor
microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase inhibitors
microtubule-associated protein kinase inhibitor
microtubule-associated protein kinase inhibitors
mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24) inhibitor
mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24) inhibitors
mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor
mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors
p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor
p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors
stress-activated protein kinase inhibitor
stress-activated protein kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
Any inorganic anion with a valency of three.
Any inorganic anion with a valency of two.
Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.
An elemental molecular entity in which all of the atoms have atomic number 26.
Any unsaturated fatty acid anion with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain.
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia galeata.
An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill.
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna.
A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia
Any C-glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a flavone skeleton, thus creating a C-C bond.
A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group and the C-21 posiiton of chlorophyllide a. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).
A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is derived from chlorophyllide b via deprotonation of the carboxy group and formation of a carbide ion. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).
Any alkane having a chain length of at least 13 carbon atoms.
Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom.
Any of the 23 α-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.
Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues.
Any α-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.
A fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any 2-saturated fatty acid.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples.
Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
An EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.