IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999 William R. Hogan Mathias Brochhausen PNO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ proper name ontology release version 2021-06-11 editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term imported from instance unique identifier An annotation to be applied to individuals only. Value is a GUID/UUID for use in a referent tracking system. IUI label x designates y, if for any given group of language users, x is an information content entity, is about y, and represents y in a linguistic context.. Mathias Brochhausen obsolete_designates true x is_borrowed_reference_for y, if x is a proper name that is used to refer to one individual among a specific group after the dubbing process took place. Mathias Brochhausen is_borrowed_reference_to x is_fixed_reference_for y, if x is an utterance or graphemes concretized as writing quality inhering in some independent continuant that is used to single out one individual and refer to the latter among a specific group after the. Mathias Brochhausen is_fixing_reference_to p1 is designated by p2, if p2 is an information content entity that represents p1 in a linguistic context. Mathias Brochhausen is designated by has_specified_output is_specified_output_of bearer_of has_participant is concretized as http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl is concretized as concretizes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl concretizes Anatomical cluster vocal fold Subdivision of larynx Heterogeneous cluster Anatomical structure Material anatomical entity An identifier is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity. Mathias Brochhausen proper name Mathias Brochhausen Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB) identifier alphabetic letters, Chinese characters, numerical digits, punctuation marks, and the individual symbols of any of the world's writing systems A grapheme is an information content entity that is a fundamental unit in a written language. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme Mathias Brochhausen grapheme An utterance is an information content entity that is a complete unit of speech in spoken language. Mathias Brochhausen Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utterance Mathias Brochhausen utterance An attributive collection of qualities inhering in energy when transported through a medium in a wave. Mathias Brochhausen mechanical wave quality is a quality that is the concretization of graphemes and inheres in a material object. Mathias Brochhausen Mathias Brochhausen writing quality pieces of paper, tables, walls, floors, driveways, highway signs, computer screens, skin, tablets of clay, rocks, sheets of metal (license plates), sheets of papyrus, etc. clouds of smoke in skywriting, is a material information bearer that bears the concretization of graphemes. Mathias Brochhausen Mathias Brochhausen writing bearer portion of energy Energy that is transported in a sound wave. Mathias Brochhausen sound energy Sound energy bearing the concretization of an utterance and being the output of an uttering process. utterance energy Oscillating is a processual that shows repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measured quality about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation Mathias Brochhausen oscillating A dubbing process is a planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity. Mathias Brochhausen dubbing process Mathias Brochhausen identifier creating process is a planned process of making speech sounds which may or may not have an actual language involved. Mathias Brochhausen http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/utter Mathias Brochhausen utterance process A personal name is a proper name identifying an individual person. Mathias Brochhausen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name Personal names "today usually comprises a given name bestowed at birth or at a young age plus a surname. It is nearly universal for a human to have a name; except in rare cases, for example feral children growing up in isolation, or infants orphaned by natural disaster for whom no written record survives.[citation needed] The Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies that a child has the right from birth to a name. Certain isolated tribes, such as the Machiguenga of the Amazon, also lack personal names." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name) Sep 29, 2016: The comment that including the wikipedia definition of personal name is not to be interpreted in a way that restricts this class to only contain strings of letters. A numerical or alphanumerical identifier that denotes a human is being is a personal name, too. (MB) personal name A given name, in Western contexts often referred to as a first name, is a personal name that specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially in a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name (surname). A given name is purposefully given, usually by a child's parents at or near birth, in contrast to an inherited one such as a family name Mathias Brochhausen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Given_name given name A family name (in Western contexts often referred to as a surname or last name) is typically a part of a person's name which has been passed, according to law or custom, from one or both parents to their children. Mathias Brochhausen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name family name An information content entity that is a collection of identifiers that has been created to identify and annotate core ideas of a specified domain, and where the intention of its creators is that the identifiers have a one-to-one correspondence with entities in reality outside the aggregate. Mathias Brochhausen code system codeset coding system controlled vocabulary Clint Dowland Matt Diller Sarah Bost William R. Hogan Does not imply absence vs. presence of any taxonomy. Does not imply that identifiers denote particulars, universals, or defined classes (a.k.a. attributive collections) or even that they denote only one of these three types of entities (e.g., SNOMED and even various OBO ontologies have identifiers that identify entities in all three categories). Each identifier is often (but not necessarily) associated with a text string—variously called a “description,” “name,” “title,” or “label”—that helps humans reach the target of denotation. When there is no such string, it is almost always because the identifiers take the form of human language words. For example, a “sex” or “gender” code set could have identifiers “MALE” and “FEMALE,” or even “M” and “F” (by convention, we understand what these mean). For National Drug Codes (NDCs) and similar code sets, there doesn’t even have to be a single, fully-concretized copy somewhere (for example, for NDCs there is no centralized database or repository where they all live as one instance of concretization of code set). The code set can be “distributively” concretized. This seems like an unusual exception, but it also likely applies to Universal Product Codes (UPCs) and their follow on Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs). For each given domain, there can potentially exist multiple code sets. The multiplicity of code sets is partially due to the different specific purposes of those code sets. Many code sets are created for a specific purpose in addition to merely identifying and annotating core ideas of a specified domain. The identifiers do not denote each other. code set Homo sapiens human being Homo sapiens organism animal fungus plant virus A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms') 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism organism quality pressure