{
  "version": "1.1",
  "description": "Translation glossary for QuantEcon lectures (English to Japanese). Terminology policy from the native-speaker review of the 1.0 draft on PR #69 (2026-07-29 → 2026-08-18): use the Japanese term where a well-known, standard Japanese counterpart exists (予算制約, 行列, 均衡, 世代重複モデル); otherwise keep the English term in Latin script — if in doubt, keep English (Japanese readers of economics are comfortable with English technical words inside Japanese sentences). Where only the generic head noun has a Japanese equivalent, the proper-name part stays English (lake モデル, cost-to-go 関数). All personal names stay in Latin script — no katakana transliteration and no guessed kanji, for Japanese and Chinese researchers too (ja == en on every name entry). Compound names are joined with ・ (ソロー・スワン, コブ・ダグラス), never ＝. Abbreviations expand to the full Japanese term with the English abbreviation in full-width parentheses (国内総生産（GDP）). Named surveys and databases keep their English name (FRED, Survey of Consumer Finances). Reviewed by Chihiro2000GitHub (native speaker, whole-glossary pass), sayaikegawa and xuanguang-li; policy rulings by jstac. Decision record: .dev/decisions/D-2026-09-01-ja-terminology-policy.md.",
  "terms": [
    {
      "en": "Accessible state",
      "ja": "到達可能状態",
      "context": "Markov chains"
    },
    {
      "en": "Adaptive expectations",
      "ja": "適応的期待",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Adjacency matrix",
      "ja": "隣接行列",
      "context": "graph theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Aggregate consumption",
      "ja": "総消費",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Aggregate demand for capital",
      "ja": "資本の総需要",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Aggregate production function",
      "ja": "集計生産関数",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Aggregate supply of capital",
      "ja": "資本の総供給",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Angle sum identities",
      "ja": "加法定理",
      "context": "trigonometry"
    },
    {
      "en": "Annuity",
      "ja": "年金",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "AR(1) processes",
      "ja": "AR(1)過程",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Arrow securities",
      "ja": "アロー証券",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Asymptotic stability",
      "ja": "漸近安定性",
      "context": "dynamical systems"
    },
    {
      "en": "Asymptotic stationarity",
      "ja": "漸近定常性",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Authority centrality",
      "ja": "Authority centrality",
      "context": "network science"
    },
    {
      "en": "Autarky equilibrium",
      "ja": "自給自足均衡",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Autoregressive model",
      "ja": "自己回帰モデル",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Autoregressive representation",
      "ja": "自己回帰表現",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Balance sheet equation",
      "ja": "貸借対照表等式",
      "context": "accounting"
    },
    {
      "en": "Bandwidth",
      "ja": "バンド幅",
      "context": "kernel density estimation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Barrier option",
      "ja": "バリアオプション",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Bellman operator",
      "ja": "ベルマン作用素",
      "context": "dynamic programming"
    },
    {
      "en": "Beta distribution",
      "ja": "ベータ分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Bivariate uniform distribution",
      "ja": "二変量一様分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Budget constraint",
      "ja": "予算制約",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Business cycle",
      "ja": "景気循環",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Calculus",
      "ja": "微分積分学",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Capital depreciation",
      "ja": "資本減耗",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Capital dynamics",
      "ja": "資本の動学",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Cauchy distribution",
      "ja": "コーシー分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Central limit theorem",
      "ja": "中心極限定理",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Central moment",
      "ja": "中心モーメント",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Centrality measure",
      "ja": "中心性指標",
      "context": "network science"
    },
    {
      "en": "Characteristic equation",
      "ja": "特性方程式",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Characteristic function",
      "ja": "特性関数",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Characteristic polynomial",
      "ja": "特性多項式",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Closed economy",
      "ja": "閉鎖経済",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Cobb-Douglas production function",
      "ja": "コブ・ダグラス型生産関数",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Cobweb model",
      "ja": "クモの巣モデル",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Communicating states",
      "ja": "コミュニケートする状態",
      "context": "Markov chains"
    },
    {
      "en": "Competitive equilibrium",
      "ja": "競争均衡",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Complex conjugate",
      "ja": "複素共役",
      "context": "complex analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Complex eigenvalues",
      "ja": "複素固有値",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Complex number",
      "ja": "複素数",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Complex plane",
      "ja": "複素平面",
      "context": "complex analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Conditional probability",
      "ja": "条件付き確率",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Consumer sentiment index",
      "ja": "消費者信頼感指数",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Consumer surplus",
      "ja": "消費者余剰",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Consumption-smoothing model",
      "ja": "消費平滑化モデル",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Continuation value",
      "ja": "継続価値",
      "context": "dynamic programming"
    },
    {
      "en": "Contractions",
      "ja": "縮小写像",
      "context": "functional analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Convergence",
      "ja": "収束",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Convergence in distribution",
      "ja": "分布収束",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Core consumer price index",
      "ja": "コア消費者物価指数",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "CPI",
      "ja": "消費者物価指数（CPI）",
      "context": "economics abbreviation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Corporate bond",
      "ja": "社債",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Corporate tax rate",
      "ja": "法人税率",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Cost function",
      "ja": "費用関数",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Cost-to-go function",
      "ja": "cost-to-go 関数",
      "context": "dynamic programming"
    },
    {
      "en": "Counter CDF",
      "ja": "相補累積分布関数（CCDF）",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "CCDF",
      "ja": "相補累積分布関数（CCDF）",
      "context": "probability abbreviation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Cumulative distribution function",
      "ja": "累積分布関数",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Cyclical price dynamics",
      "ja": "価格の循環的動学",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "de Moivre's theorem",
      "ja": "ド・モアブルの定理",
      "context": "complex analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Degree centrality",
      "ja": "次数中心性",
      "context": "network science"
    },
    {
      "en": "Deposit receipt",
      "ja": "預り証",
      "context": "banking"
    },
    {
      "en": "Development economics",
      "ja": "開発経済学",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Discount factor",
      "ja": "割引因子",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Discounted payoff",
      "ja": "割引ペイオフ",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Discounting",
      "ja": "割引",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Distance matrix",
      "ja": "距離行列",
      "context": "graph theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Distribution dynamics",
      "ja": "分布動学",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Domestic credit",
      "ja": "国内信用",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Dominant eigenvalue",
      "ja": "支配的固有値",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Dynamic Laffer curve",
      "ja": "動学的ラッファー曲線",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Dynamic model",
      "ja": "動学モデル",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Dynamic process",
      "ja": "動的過程",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Dynamic programming",
      "ja": "動的計画法",
      "context": "optimization"
    },
    {
      "en": "Eigenvector",
      "ja": "固有ベクトル",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Eigenvector centrality",
      "ja": "固有ベクトル中心性",
      "context": "network science"
    },
    {
      "en": "Eigenvector decomposition",
      "ja": "固有値分解",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Elasticity of substitution",
      "ja": "代替の弾力性",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Empirical Distribution",
      "ja": "経験分布",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Equalizing Difference Model",
      "ja": "補償賃金格差モデル",
      "context": "labor economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Equilibrium",
      "ja": "均衡",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Ergodicity",
      "ja": "エルゴード性",
      "context": "stochastic processes"
    },
    {
      "en": "Euclidean distance",
      "ja": "ユークリッド距離",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Euler equation",
      "ja": "オイラー方程式",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Euler's formula",
      "ja": "オイラーの公式",
      "context": "complex analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "European call option",
      "ja": "ヨーロピアン・コール・オプション",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Exercise",
      "ja": "演習問題",
      "context": "educational content"
    },
    {
      "en": "Exogenous",
      "ja": "外生的",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Exogenous initial capital stock",
      "ja": "外生的な初期資本ストック",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Expansions",
      "ja": "景気拡大",
      "context": "business cycles"
    },
    {
      "en": "Expiry date",
      "ja": "満期日",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Exponential distribution",
      "ja": "指数分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Fiat money",
      "ja": "不換紙幣",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Financial repression",
      "ja": "金融抑圧",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Finite horizon",
      "ja": "有限期間",
      "context": "dynamic programming"
    },
    {
      "en": "First fundamental welfare theorem",
      "ja": "厚生経済学の第一基本定理",
      "context": "welfare economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "First Moment",
      "ja": "一次モーメント",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Fiscal policy multiplier",
      "ja": "財政政策乗数",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Fiscal theory",
      "ja": "財政理論",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Fiscal theory of price levels",
      "ja": "物価水準の財政理論（FTPL）",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Flow utility function",
      "ja": "各期の効用関数",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Folk theorem",
      "ja": "フォーク定理",
      "context": "game theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Forcing variable",
      "ja": "Forcing variable",
      "context": "difference equations"
    },
    {
      "en": "Forecast errors",
      "ja": "予測誤差",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Forward-looking difference equation",
      "ja": "Forward-looking difference equation",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Fractional reserve banking",
      "ja": "部分準備銀行制度",
      "context": "banking"
    },
    {
      "en": "FRED",
      "ja": "FRED",
      "context": "data source"
    },
    {
      "en": "Federal Reserve Economic Data",
      "ja": "連邦準備経済データ（FRED）",
      "context": "data source"
    },
    {
      "en": "Gaussian kernel",
      "ja": "ガウシアンカーネル",
      "context": "kernel methods"
    },
    {
      "en": "Geary–Khamis dollar",
      "ja": "ギアリー・ケイミス・ドル",
      "context": "international comparison"
    },
    {
      "en": "Gershgorin Circle Theorem",
      "ja": "ゲルシュゴリンの定理",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Global Financial Crisis",
      "ja": "世界金融危機",
      "context": "economic history"
    },
    {
      "en": "GFC",
      "ja": "世界金融危機（GFC）",
      "context": "economic history abbreviation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Global stability",
      "ja": "大域的安定性",
      "context": "dynamical systems"
    },
    {
      "en": "Golden Rule savings rate",
      "ja": "黄金律貯蓄率",
      "context": "growth theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Gordon formula",
      "ja": "ゴードンの公式",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Government budget constraint",
      "ja": "政府の予算制約",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Government expenditures multiplier",
      "ja": "政府支出乗数",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Greek debt crisis",
      "ja": "ギリシャ債務危機",
      "context": "economic history"
    },
    {
      "en": "Gross Domestic Product",
      "ja": "国内総生産（GDP）",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "GDP",
      "ja": "国内総生産（GDP）",
      "context": "macroeconomics abbreviation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Gross nominal interest rate",
      "ja": "名目総利子率",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Gross rate of return",
      "ja": "総収益率",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Growth facts",
      "ja": "成長に関する事実",
      "context": "growth theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Grim trigger strategy",
      "ja": "グリム・トリガー戦略",
      "context": "game theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Heavy-tailed distribution",
      "ja": "裾の重い分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Hicksian demand curve",
      "ja": "ヒックス需要曲線",
      "context": "microeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Histogram",
      "ja": "ヒストグラム",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Hub centrality",
      "ja": "ハブ中心性",
      "context": "network science"
    },
    {
      "en": "Human wealth",
      "ja": "人的資産",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Hyperinflation",
      "ja": "ハイパーインフレーション",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Imaginary part",
      "ja": "虚部",
      "context": "complex analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Independent and identically distributed",
      "ja": "独立同分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Indicator function",
      "ja": "指示関数",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Industrial output",
      "ja": "工業生産",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Industrial Revolution",
      "ja": "産業革命",
      "context": "economic history"
    },
    {
      "en": "Inflation tax",
      "ja": "インフレ税",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Inflation-indexed bonds",
      "ja": "物価連動債",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Inflation-tax theory",
      "ja": "インフレ税理論",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Initial condition",
      "ja": "初期条件",
      "context": "differential equations"
    },
    {
      "en": "Input-output model",
      "ja": "産業連関モデル",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Invariant subspace",
      "ja": "不変部分空間",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Investment multiplier",
      "ja": "投資乗数",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Irreducible matrix",
      "ja": "既約行列",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Jump Chain Algorithm",
      "ja": "ジャンプ連鎖アルゴリズム",
      "context": "Markov chains"
    },
    {
      "en": "Jump variable",
      "ja": "ジャンプ変数",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Katz centrality",
      "ja": "カッツ中心性",
      "context": "network science"
    },
    {
      "en": "Kernel",
      "ja": "カーネル",
      "context": "functional analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Kernel density estimate",
      "ja": "カーネル密度推定",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Kernel density estimator",
      "ja": "カーネル密度推定量",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Keynesian multiplier",
      "ja": "ケインズ乗数",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Knockout barrier",
      "ja": "ノックアウト・バリア",
      "context": "options"
    },
    {
      "en": "Kolmogorov-Smirnov test",
      "ja": "コルモゴロフ・スミルノフ検定",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Laffer curve",
      "ja": "ラッファー曲線",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Lake model",
      "ja": "lake モデル",
      "context": "labor economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Law of large numbers",
      "ja": "大数の法則",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Law of total probability",
      "ja": "全確率の法則",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Lecture",
      "ja": "講義",
      "context": "educational content"
    },
    {
      "en": "Legal restrictions theory",
      "ja": "法的制約理論",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Leontief Inverse",
      "ja": "レオンチェフ逆行列",
      "context": "input-output economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Light-tailed distribution",
      "ja": "裾の軽い分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Linear algebra",
      "ja": "線形代数",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Linear differential equation",
      "ja": "線形微分方程式",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Linear programming",
      "ja": "線形計画法",
      "context": "optimization"
    },
    {
      "en": "Log likelihood function",
      "ja": "対数尤度関数",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Log transform",
      "ja": "対数変換",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Log-normal distribution",
      "ja": "対数正規分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Long-Run Growth",
      "ja": "長期成長",
      "context": "growth theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Lorenz curve",
      "ja": "ローレンツ曲線",
      "context": "income distribution"
    },
    {
      "en": "Marginal distribution",
      "ja": "周辺分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Marginal product of capital",
      "ja": "資本の限界生産物",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Marginal propensity to consume",
      "ja": "限界消費性向",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Marginal propensity to save",
      "ja": "限界貯蓄性向",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Marginal revenue",
      "ja": "限界収益",
      "context": "microeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Marginal utility of wealth",
      "ja": "資産の限界効用",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Market clearing",
      "ja": "市場清算",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Markov chain",
      "ja": "マルコフ連鎖",
      "context": "stochastic processes"
    },
    {
      "en": "Marshallian demand curve",
      "ja": "マーシャル需要曲線",
      "context": "microeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Matrix inversion",
      "ja": "逆行列の計算",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Matrix multiplication",
      "ja": "行列の積",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Maximum likelihood estimation",
      "ja": "最尤推定",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Method of successive approximations",
      "ja": "逐次近似法",
      "context": "numerical methods"
    },
    {
      "en": "Moment generating function",
      "ja": "モーメント母関数",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Moments",
      "ja": "モーメント",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Money demand",
      "ja": "貨幣需要",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Money multiplier",
      "ja": "貨幣乗数",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Money supply",
      "ja": "貨幣供給",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Money-financed government deficit",
      "ja": "貨幣調達による財政赤字",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Monte Carlo",
      "ja": "モンテカルロ",
      "context": "simulation methods"
    },
    {
      "en": "Moving average representation",
      "ja": "移動平均表現",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Multiple consumer economy",
      "ja": "複数の消費者からなる経済",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Multiplier-accelerator model",
      "ja": "乗数・加速度モデル",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Multivariate normal distributions",
      "ja": "多変量正規分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Mutual fund",
      "ja": "投資信託",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Naive expectations",
      "ja": "素朴な期待",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "NBER",
      "ja": "NBER",
      "context": "institution"
    },
    {
      "en": "National Bureau of Economic Research",
      "ja": "全米経済研究所（NBER）",
      "context": "institution"
    },
    {
      "en": "Net nominal interest rate",
      "ja": "名目純利子率",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Network science",
      "ja": "ネットワーク科学",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Neumann Series Lemma",
      "ja": "ノイマン級数の補題",
      "context": "functional analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Newton's method",
      "ja": "ニュートン法",
      "context": "numerical methods"
    },
    {
      "en": "Non-financial income",
      "ja": "非金融所得",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Non-satiation",
      "ja": "非飽和性",
      "context": "microeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Non-stationary univariate time series",
      "ja": "非定常一変量時系列",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Normal distribution",
      "ja": "正規分布",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Numeraire",
      "ja": "ニュメレール",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Numerical integration",
      "ja": "数値積分",
      "context": "numerical methods"
    },
    {
      "en": "Oil Crisis",
      "ja": "石油危機",
      "context": "economic history"
    },
    {
      "en": "Open market operations",
      "ja": "公開市場操作",
      "context": "monetary policy"
    },
    {
      "en": "Optimal path",
      "ja": "最適経路",
      "context": "optimization"
    },
    {
      "en": "Optimal policy",
      "ja": "最適政策",
      "context": "optimization"
    },
    {
      "en": "Ordinary Least Squares",
      "ja": "最小二乗法",
      "context": "econometrics"
    },
    {
      "en": "OLS",
      "ja": "最小二乗法（OLS）",
      "context": "econometrics abbreviation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Output elasticity of capital",
      "ja": "資本の産出弾力性",
      "context": "production economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Output multiplier",
      "ja": "産出乗数",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Overlapping generations model",
      "ja": "世代重複モデル",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "OLG model",
      "ja": "世代重複モデル（OLG）",
      "context": "macroeconomics abbreviation"
    },
    {
      "en": "PageRank algorithm",
      "ja": "ページランク・アルゴリズム",
      "context": "network science"
    },
    {
      "en": "Pareto tail",
      "ja": "パレートの裾",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Partial derivative",
      "ja": "偏微分",
      "context": "calculus"
    },
    {
      "en": "Path simulation",
      "ja": "経路シミュレーション",
      "context": "simulation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Perfect foresight",
      "ja": "完全予見",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Perfect foresight model",
      "ja": "完全予見モデル",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Perron projection",
      "ja": "ペロン射影",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Perron-Frobenius theorem",
      "ja": "ペロン・フロベニウスの定理",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Power law",
      "ja": "べき乗則",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Present discounted value",
      "ja": "割引現在価値",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Present value",
      "ja": "現在価値",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Present value model",
      "ja": "現在価値モデル",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Price level",
      "ja": "物価水準",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Primitive matrix",
      "ja": "原始行列",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Probability density function",
      "ja": "確率密度関数",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Probability mass function",
      "ja": "確率質量関数",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Producer surplus",
      "ja": "生産者余剰",
      "context": "microeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Projected corporate tax revenue",
      "ja": "法人税収の見通し",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Purchasing power parity",
      "ja": "購買力平価",
      "context": "international economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Quantity theory of money",
      "ja": "貨幣数量説",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Rational expectations",
      "ja": "合理的期待",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Real bills theory",
      "ja": "真正手形説",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Real money balances",
      "ja": "実質貨幣残高",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Real part",
      "ja": "実部",
      "context": "complex analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Recessions",
      "ja": "景気後退",
      "context": "business cycles"
    },
    {
      "en": "Recursive expressions",
      "ja": "再帰的表現",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Reform and liberalization",
      "ja": "改革開放",
      "context": "economic policy"
    },
    {
      "en": "Reserve-deposit ratio",
      "ja": "準備預金比率",
      "context": "banking"
    },
    {
      "en": "Residuals",
      "ja": "残差",
      "context": "econometrics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Risk-neutral pricing",
      "ja": "リスク中立価格付け",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Sample mean",
      "ja": "標本平均",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Sample variance",
      "ja": "標本分散",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Scatter plot",
      "ja": "散布図",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Second fundamental welfare theorem",
      "ja": "厚生経済学の第二基本定理",
      "context": "welfare economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Second-order linear difference equation",
      "ja": "二階線形差分方程式",
      "context": "difference equations"
    },
    {
      "en": "Seigniorage",
      "ja": "通貨発行益（シニョリッジ）",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Silverman's rule",
      "ja": "シルバーマンの規則",
      "context": "kernel density estimation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Simple regression model",
      "ja": "単回帰モデル",
      "context": "econometrics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Social welfare",
      "ja": "社会的厚生",
      "context": "welfare economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Solow-Swan Growth Model",
      "ja": "ソロー・スワン成長モデル",
      "context": "growth theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Spectral gap",
      "ja": "スペクトルギャップ",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Spectral radius",
      "ja": "スペクトル半径",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Spectral theory",
      "ja": "スペクトル理論",
      "context": "linear algebra"
    },
    {
      "en": "Spot price",
      "ja": "現物価格",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stable cycle",
      "ja": "安定周期",
      "context": "dynamical systems"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stagflation",
      "ja": "スタグフレーション",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "State space",
      "ja": "状態空間",
      "context": "stochastic processes"
    },
    {
      "en": "State transition matrix",
      "ja": "状態遷移行列",
      "context": "Markov chains"
    },
    {
      "en": "State variable",
      "ja": "状態変数",
      "context": "dynamic systems"
    },
    {
      "en": "State-contingent claims",
      "ja": "状態条件付き請求権",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stationary distribution",
      "ja": "定常分布",
      "context": "Markov chains"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stationarity",
      "ja": "定常性",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Statistical stationarity",
      "ja": "統計的定常性",
      "context": "time series"
    },
    {
      "en": "Steady state",
      "ja": "定常状態",
      "context": "dynamical systems"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stochastic difference equation",
      "ja": "確率差分方程式",
      "context": "stochastic processes"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stochastic linear difference equation",
      "ja": "確率線形差分方程式",
      "context": "stochastic processes"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stochastic matrix",
      "ja": "確率行列",
      "context": "Markov chains"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stochastic productivity",
      "ja": "確率的生産性",
      "context": "economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Stochastic volatility",
      "ja": "確率的ボラティリティ",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Strike price",
      "ja": "行使価格",
      "context": "options"
    },
    {
      "en": "Strong law of large numbers",
      "ja": "大数の強法則",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Strongly connected",
      "ja": "強連結",
      "context": "graph theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Successive approximation",
      "ja": "逐次近似",
      "context": "numerical methods"
    },
    {
      "en": "Support",
      "ja": "台（サポート）",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Sum of the squared residuals",
      "ja": "残差平方和",
      "context": "econometrics"
    },
    {
      "en": "SSR",
      "ja": "残差平方和（SSR）",
      "context": "econometrics abbreviation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Survey of Consumer Finances",
      "ja": "Survey of Consumer Finances",
      "context": "data source"
    },
    {
      "en": "Tail index",
      "ja": "裾指数",
      "context": "probability"
    },
    {
      "en": "Tax farming",
      "ja": "徴税請負",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Tax-smoothing model",
      "ja": "課税平滑化モデル",
      "context": "public finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Taylor series",
      "ja": "テイラー級数",
      "context": "calculus"
    },
    {
      "en": "Terminal condition",
      "ja": "終端条件",
      "context": "dynamic programming"
    },
    {
      "en": "Terminal price",
      "ja": "終端価格",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Time series",
      "ja": "時系列",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Time to build",
      "ja": "建設期間",
      "context": "macroeconomics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Transition probability",
      "ja": "遷移確率",
      "context": "Markov chains"
    },
    {
      "en": "Trigonometric form",
      "ja": "三角関数表記",
      "context": "complex analysis"
    },
    {
      "en": "Trigonometric integrals",
      "ja": "三角積分",
      "context": "calculus"
    },
    {
      "en": "Underlying asset",
      "ja": "原資産",
      "context": "derivatives"
    },
    {
      "en": "University of Michigan",
      "ja": "ミシガン大学",
      "context": "institution"
    },
    {
      "en": "Unpleasant monetarist arithmetic",
      "ja": "マネタリストの不愉快な算術",
      "context": "monetary economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Vector field",
      "ja": "ベクトル場",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Vector linear difference equations",
      "ja": "ベクトル線形差分方程式",
      "context": "difference equations"
    },
    {
      "en": "Vectorization",
      "ja": "ベクトル化",
      "context": "numerical computation"
    },
    {
      "en": "Vertices",
      "ja": "頂点",
      "context": "graph theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Violin plot",
      "ja": "バイオリンプロット",
      "context": "data visualization"
    },
    {
      "en": "Volatility",
      "ja": "ボラティリティ",
      "context": "finance"
    },
    {
      "en": "Wage gap",
      "ja": "賃金格差",
      "context": "labor economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Weighted average",
      "ja": "加重平均",
      "context": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Weighted directed graph",
      "ja": "重み付き有向グラフ",
      "context": "graph theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Weight function",
      "ja": "重み関数",
      "context": "mathematics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Welfare criterion",
      "ja": "厚生基準",
      "context": "welfare economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "Welfare maximization problem",
      "ja": "厚生最大化問題",
      "context": "welfare economics"
    },
    {
      "en": "World Bank",
      "ja": "世界銀行",
      "context": "institution"
    },
    {
      "en": "Zero-sum game",
      "ja": "ゼロサムゲーム",
      "context": "game theory"
    },
    {
      "en": "Abba Lerner",
      "ja": "Abba Lerner",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Adam Tooze",
      "ja": "Adam Tooze",
      "context": "historian name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Albert Marcet",
      "ja": "Albert Marcet",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Alberto Bisin",
      "ja": "Alberto Bisin",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Angus Maddison",
      "ja": "Angus Maddison",
      "context": "economic historian name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Brian Wright",
      "ja": "Brian Wright",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Christian Schluter",
      "ja": "Christian Schluter",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Dimitris Bertsimas",
      "ja": "Dimitris Bertsimas",
      "context": "mathematician name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Eugene Slutsky",
      "ja": "Eugene Slutsky",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Francis Ysidro Edgeworth",
      "ja": "Francis Ysidro Edgeworth",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Gerard Debreu",
      "ja": "Gerard Debreu",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Guangming Zhao",
      "ja": "Guangming Zhao",
      "context": "researcher name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Harold Hotelling",
      "ja": "Harold Hotelling",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Hiroki Kondo",
      "ja": "Hiroki Kondo",
      "context": "researcher name"
    },
    {
      "en": "James Hamilton",
      "ja": "James Hamilton",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Jennifer Burns",
      "ja": "Jennifer Burns",
      "context": "historian name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Jess Benhabib",
      "ja": "Jess Benhabib",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "John Tsitsiklis",
      "ja": "John Tsitsiklis",
      "context": "mathematician name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Jonathan Temple",
      "ja": "Jonathan Temple",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "José Scheinkman",
      "ja": "José Scheinkman",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Kenneth Arrow",
      "ja": "Kenneth Arrow",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Leon Walras",
      "ja": "Leon Walras",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Leonhard Euler",
      "ja": "Leonhard Euler",
      "context": "mathematician name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Mi Luo",
      "ja": "Mi Luo",
      "context": "researcher name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Michael Bruno",
      "ja": "Michael Bruno",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Milton Friedman",
      "ja": "Milton Friedman",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Neil Wallace",
      "ja": "Neil Wallace",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Patrick Imam",
      "ja": "Patrick Imam",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Paul Samuelson",
      "ja": "Paul Samuelson",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Phillip Cagan",
      "ja": "Phillip Cagan",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Pythagoras",
      "ja": "Pythagoras",
      "context": "mathematician name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Ragnar Frisch",
      "ja": "Ragnar Frisch",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Robert Solow",
      "ja": "Robert Solow",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Simon Kuznets",
      "ja": "Simon Kuznets",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Thomas C. Schelling",
      "ja": "Thomas C. Schelling",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Thomas Sargent",
      "ja": "Thomas Sargent",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Trevor Swan",
      "ja": "Trevor Swan",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Vilfredo Pareto",
      "ja": "Vilfredo Pareto",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Xavier Gabaix",
      "ja": "Xavier Gabaix",
      "context": "economist name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Xin Guo",
      "ja": "Xin Guo",
      "context": "researcher name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Yoshi Fujiwara",
      "ja": "Yoshi Fujiwara",
      "context": "researcher name"
    },
    {
      "en": "Yunzhe Hu",
      "ja": "Yunzhe Hu",
      "context": "researcher name"
    }
  ]
}