RBO is an ontology for the effects of radiation on biota in terrestrial and space environments. Radiation Biology Ontology 2025-03-20 editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage true example_of_usage example of usage example of usage definition definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor term editor alternative label alternative term A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label alternative term alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator uberon dc-creator true dc-creator An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Creator Creator creator Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Date Date Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description uberon dc-description true dc-description An account of the content of the resource. Description Description description Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title uberon dc-title true dc-title A name given to the resource. Title Title title Mark Miller 2018-05-11T13:47:29Z http://purl.org/dc/terms/license uberon dcterms-license true dcterms-license license created by created_by creation date has_alternative_id An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym has_broad_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI. 2024-03-18 database_cross_reference has cross-reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. An alternative label for a given entity such as a commonly used abbreviation or synonym. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym in_subset label label http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso spatial uberon seeAlso true seeAlso see also is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/part_of BFO:0000050 part of external quality spatial uberon part_of part_of EFO_0000822 part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/has_part BFO:0000051 chebi_ontology external quality spatial uberon has_part false has_part has part has part has_part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes BFO:0000057 has participant preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by BFO:0000062 external uberon preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 external uberon precedes precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Occurs_in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t BFO:0000067 uberon contains_process contains_process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process contains process x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000096 rostral_to spatial uberon anterior_to anterior_to anterior to x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 spatial uberon dorsal_to dorsal_to dorsal to x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000099 caudal to spatial uberon posterior_to posterior_to posterior to x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm caudal to x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 spatial uberon ventral_to ventral_to ventral to x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:0000107 spatial uberon deep_to deep_to deep to Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:cjm Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:0000108 spatial uberon superficial_to superficial_to superficial to Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:cjm X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. BSPO:0000120 NCIT:C25229 spatial uberon in_left_side_of in_left_side_of in left side of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in left side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the left portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. BSPO:0000121 NCIT:C25228 spatial uberon in_right_side_of in_right_side_of in right side of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in right side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two left and right portions, X is part of the right portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. BSPO:0000122 spatial uberon in_posterior_side_of in_posterior_side_of in posterior side of X posterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the posterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. BSPO:0000123 spatial uberon in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of in anterior side of X anterior side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part of the anterior portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:0000124 spatial uberon in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of in proximal side of x in proximal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the proximal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:0000125 spatial uberon in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of in distal side of x in distal side of y <=> if y is subdivided into two proximal and distal portions, y is part of the distal portion. BSPO:PATO_mtg_2009 X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure BSPO:0000126 spatial uberon in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of in lateral side of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure UBERON:cjm X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y BSPO:0001106 spatial uberon proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of proximalmost part of X proximalmost part of Y <=> X is in proximal side of Y and X is adjacent to the proximal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0001107 spatial uberon immediately_deep_to immediately_deep_to immediately deep to x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y BSPO:0001108 spatial uberon distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of distalmost part of X distalmost part of Y <=> X is in distal side of Y and X is adjacent to the distal boundary of Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 X intersects median plane of iff X crosses the midine plane of Y. BSPO:0005001 spatial uberon intersects_midsagittal_plane_of intersects_midsagittal_plane_of intersects midsagittal plane of x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0015014 spatial uberon immediately_superficial_to immediately_superficial_to immediately superficial to x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion. BSPO:0015101 spatial uberon in_dorsal_side_of in_dorsal_side_of in dorsal side of X dorsal side of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two dorsal and ventral portions, X is part of the dorsal portion. BSPO:cjm lacks_part lacks_plasma_membrane_part A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities. This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen. has increased levels of Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest. A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p. results in expansion of A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process. Consider ceding to RO 2018-11-03T20:58:13Z generates GOREL:0002003 external results_in_distribution_of results_in_distribution_of results in distribution of results_in_distribution_of GOREL:0002004 external results_in_fission_of results_in_fission_of results in fission of results_in_fission_of has measurement unit label has measurement unit label is about A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is about is_supported_by_data The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA. The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process OBI OBI Philly 2011 workshop is_supported_by_data has specified input see is_input_of example_of_usage The inverse property of is specified input of The inverse property of is specified input of 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has specified input is specified input of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is specified input of has specified output The inverse property of is specified output of The inverse property of is specified output of PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot OBI:0000299 has specified output has_output has_specified_output is specified output of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is specified output of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI OBI objective_achieved_by has value specification A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has value specification inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000829 RO:0000052 inheres_in inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in inheres in inheres_in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 external bearer_of bearer_of bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation Participates in is a primitive instance-level relation between a continuant and a process in which it participates. For example a scanner participates in a scanning process at some specific time. a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in RO:0000056 external uberon participates_in participates_in participates in participates in participates_in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the A continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant RO:0000057 external has_participant has_participant has participant has participant has_participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/has_quality RO:0000086 uberon has_quality has_quality has quality has quality has_quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role RO:0000087 chebi_ontology has_role false false has_role has role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of RO:0001015 uberon location_of location_of location of location of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in RO:0001025 uberon located_in located_in located in located in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Located_in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. 2D boundary of my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. RO:0002002 uberon has_boundary has_boundary has 2D boundary has 2D boundary RO:0002005 uberon innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 RO:0002007 uberon bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of bounding layer of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process A relationship between a process and a barrier, where the process occurs in a region spanning the barrier. For cellular processes the barrier is typically a membrane. Examples include transport across a membrane and membrane depolarization. 2017-07-20T17:19:37Z occurs across dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time. RO:0002082 uberon simultaneous_with simultaneous_with t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with simultaneous with David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of RO:0002087 external uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets RO:0002090 external immediately_precedes immediately_precedes X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during Relation between a neuron and a material anatomical entity that its soma is part of. has soma location Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. RO:0002103 uberon synapsed_by synapsed_by synapsed by synapsed by Every B cell[CL_0000236] has plasma membrane part some immunoglobulin complex[GO_0019814] Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part. has plasma membrane part Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to. N1 synapsed_to some N2 Expands to: N1 SubclassOf ( has_part some ( ‘pre-synaptic membrane ; GO:0042734’ that part_of some ( ‘synapse ; GO:0045202’ that has_part some ( ‘post-synaptic membrane ; GO:0045211’ that part_of some N2)))) synapsed to A overlaps B if they share some part in common. x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 external spatial uberon overlaps overlaps "(forall (x y) (iff (overlaps x y) (exists (z) (and (part of z x) (part of z y)))))" CLIF [] overlaps overlaps true x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. BSPO:cjm Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. RO:0002134 uberon innervates innervates innervates innervates X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) RO:0002150 uberon continuous_with continuous_with continuous with continuous with FMA:85972 lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia' x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g. 'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria only in taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. RO:0002162 uberon in_taxon in_taxon Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b RO:0002170 uberon connected_to connected_to connected to connected to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. RO:0002176 uberon connects connects connects connects https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. RO:0002177 uberon attaches_to_part_of attaches_to_part_of attached to part of attached to part of Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between an artery and an anatomical structure RO:0002178 uberon supplies supplies supplies supplies Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure RO:0002179 uberon drains drains drains drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. RO:0002180 external uberon has_component qualifier has_component qualifier For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint. placeholder relation to indicate normality/abnormality. has component has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y RO:0002202 uberon develops_from develops_from This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from develops from inverse of develops from RO:0002203 uberon develops_into develops_into develops into develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. FBbt RO:0002207 has developmental precursor uberon directly_develops_from directly_develops_from TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false RO:0002211 external regulates regulates regulates regulates regulates (processual) Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 external negatively_regulates negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 external positively_regulates positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO:0002215 uberon capable_of capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in RO:0002216 uberon capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x RO:0002219 uberon surrounded_by surrounded_by surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO RO:0002220 spatial uberon adjacent_to adjacent_to adjacent to adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by RO:0002221 uberon surrounds surrounds surrounds surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with RO:0002223 uberon starts starts starts starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. RO:0002224 external uberon starts_with starts_with starts with starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y RO:0002225 uberon develops_from_part_of develops_from_part_of develops from part of develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 RO:0002226 uberon develops_in develops_in develops in develops in inverse of ends with Chris Mungall RO:0002229 uberon ends ends ends ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by RO:0002230 external uberon ends_with ends_with ends with ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y ends with process that occurs in has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes RO:0002233 external has_input has_input has input has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces RO:0002234 external has_output has_output has output has output https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is connecting branch of S, and B1-1 as a connecting branch of B1. b connecting-branch-of s iff b is connected to s, and there exists some tree-like structure t such that the mereological sum of b plus s is either the same as t or a branching-part-of t. RO:0002252 uberon connecting_branch_of connecting_branch_of connecting branch of inverse of connecting branch of has connecting branch Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor material anatomical entity type T to T', where T' develops_from T We place this under 'developmentally preceded by'. This placement should be examined in the context of reciprocal inductions[cjm] RO:0002256 uberon developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by developmentally induced by developmentally induced by Inverse of developmentally induced by developmentally induces Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else This relation is intended for cases such as when we have a bone element replacing its cartilage element precursor. Currently most AOs represent this using 'develops from'. We need to decide whether 'develops from' will be generic and encompass replacement, or whether we need a new name for a generic relation that encompasses replacement and development-via-cell-lineage RO:0002285 uberon developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces developmentally replaces developmentally replaces Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. RO:0002295 external results_in_developmental_progression_of results_in_developmental_progression_of results in developmental progression of results in developmental progression of every flower development (GO:0009908) results in development of some flower (PO:0009046) p 'results in development of' c if and only if p is a developmental process and p results in the state of c changing from its initial state as a primordium or anlage through its mature state and to its final state. results in development of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 RO:0002297 external results_in_formation_of results_in_formation_of results in formation of results in formation of anatomical entity an annotation of gene X to cell morphogenesis with results_in_morphogenesis_of CL:0000540 (neuron) means that at the end of the process an input neuron has attained its shape. tongue morphogenesis (GO:0043587) results in morphogenesis of tongue (UBERON:0001723) The relationship that links an entity with the process that results in the formation and shaping of that entity over time from an immature to a mature state. results in morphogenesis of an annotation of gene X to cell maturation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that the fibroblast is mature at the end of the process bone maturation (GO:0070977) results_in_maturation_of bone (UBERON:0001474) The relationship that links an entity with a process that results in the progression of the entity over time that is independent of changes in it's shape and results in an end point state of that entity. results in maturation of Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs. adapted for living in A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y. has habitat has habitat p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of inheres in part of true an annotation of gene X to cell differentiation with results_in_maturation_of CL:0000057 (fibroblast) means that at the end of the process the input cell that did not have features of a fibroblast, now has the features of a fibroblast. The relationship that links a specified entity with the process that results in an unspecified entity acquiring the features and characteristics of the specified entity results in acquisition of features of A relationship that holds via some environmental process evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time. enables https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally_related_to functionally related to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively regulated by A relationship that holds via some process of localization Do not use this relation directly. It is a grouping relation. related via localization to This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from some initial location l to some destination. has target start location This relationship holds between p and l when p is a transport or localization process in which the outcome is to move some cargo c from a an initial location to some destination l. has target end location Holds between p and l when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that is aligned_with l results in transport along Holds between p and m when p is a transportation or localization process and the outcome of this process is to move c from one location to another, and the route taken by c follows a path that crosses m. results in transport across 'pollen tube growth' results_in growth_of some 'pollen tube' results in growth of 'mitochondrial transport' results_in_transport_to_from_or_in some mitochondrion (GO:0005739) results in transport to from or in An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO RO:0002351 uberon has_member has_member has member has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall RO:0002352 uberon input_of input_of input of input of inverse of has output RO:0002353 external uberon output_of output_of output of output of formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a RO:0002371 uberon attaches_to attaches_to attached to attached to m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. RO:0002372 uberon has_muscle_origin has_muscle_origin has muscle origin has muscle origin We need to import uberon muscle to create a stricter domain constraint m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. RO:0002373 uberon has_muscle_insertion has_muscle_insertion has muscle insertion has muscle insertion We need to import uberon muscle into RO to use as a stricter domain constraint A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) in branching relationship with https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170 Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) RO:0002376 uberon tributary_of tributary_of tributary of tributary of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with In the tree T depicted in https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/branching_part_of.png, B1 is a (direct) branching part of T. B1-1, B1-2, and B1-3 are also branching parts of T, but these are considered indirect branching parts as they do not directly connect to the main stem S x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y RO:0002380 uberon branching_part_of branching_part_of branching part of branching part of FMA:85994 x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y RO:0002385 uberon has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has potential to developmentally contribute to has potential to developmentally contribute to x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y has potential to developmentally induce x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into This relation has a stronger meaning than merely indicating that X may develop into Y, in that the capability of developing into Y is always present, even if X does not always actually develop into Y. In particular, this means that if Y is restricted to a given taxon T, X is necessarily likewise restricted. has potential to develop into has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall RO:0002404 external causally_downstream_of causally_downstream_of causally downstream of causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_positively_regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Indirectly_negatively_regulates This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. Chris Mungall RO:0002411 external causally_upstream_of causally_upstream_of causally upstream of causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) RO:0002418 external affects causally_upstream_of_or_within causally_upstream_of_or_within causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall RO:0002427 external causally_downstream_of_or_within causally_downstream_of_or_within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. RO:0002433 uberon contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of contributes to morphology of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. RO:0002473 uberon composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in true Chris Mungall is kinase activity See notes for inverse relation receives input from This is an exploratory relation. The label is taken from the FMA. It needs aligned with the neuron-specific relations such as has postsynaptic terminal in. sends output to Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage. relation between physical entity and a process or stage x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). RO:0002488 uberon existence_starts_during existence_starts_during existence starts during x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). RO:0002489 uberon existence_starts_with existence_starts_with existence starts with x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y) RO:0002491 exists during uberon existence_starts_and_ends_during existence_starts_and_ends_during The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts and ends during x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). RO:0002492 uberon existence_ends_during existence_ends_during The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). RO:0002493 uberon existence_ends_with existence_ends_with The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends with x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships RO:0002494 uberon transformation_of transformation_of transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t RO:0002495 uberon immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate transformation of x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts during or after x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. determined by part of Forelimb SubClassOf has_skeleton some 'Forelimb skeleton' A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. The skeleton of a structure may be a true skeleton (for example, the bony skeleton of a hand) or any kind of support framework (the hydrostatic skeleton of a sea star, the exoskeleton of an insect, the cytoskeleton of a cell). RO:0002551 uberon has_skeleton has_skeleton has skeleton This should be to a more restricted class, but not the Uberon class may be too restricted since it is a composition-based definition of skeleton rather than functional. Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by Chris Mungall interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations Chris Mungall molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. biomechanically related to m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. RO:0002568 uberon has_muscle_antagonist has_muscle_antagonist has muscle antagonist inverse of branching part of RO:0002569 uberon has_branching_part has_branching_part has branching part x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x. This relation holds between a thing with a 'conduit' (e.g. a bone foramen) and a 'conduee' (for example, a nerve) such that at the time the relationship holds, the conduee has two ends sticking out either end of the conduit. It should therefore note be used for objects that move through the conduit but whose spatial extent does not span the passage. For example, it would not be used for a mountain that contains a long tunnel through which trains pass. Nor would we use it for a digestive tract and objects such as food that pass through. RO:0002570 uberon conduit_for conduit_for conduit for x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. RO:0002571 uberon lumen_of lumen_of lumen of s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity RO:0002572 uberon luminal_space_of luminal_space_of luminal space of inverse of has skeleton RO:0002576 uberon skeleton_of skeleton_of skeleton of Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p results in breakdown of RO:0002588 external results_in_assembly_of results_in_assembly_of results in assembly of RO:0002590 external results_in_disassembly_of results_in_disassembly_of results in disassembly of p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c RO:0002592 external results_in_organization_of results_in_organization_of results in organization of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' RO:0002608 external process_has_causal_agent process_has_causal_agent process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_positively_regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates https://wiki.geneontology.org/Directly_negatively_regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. RO:0003000 uberon produces produces Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. RO:0003001 uberon produced_by produced_by produced by produced by p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c. 2018-12-13T11:26:17Z RO:0004007 external has_primary_input_or_output has_primary_input_or_output has primary input or output p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. 2018-12-13T11:26:32Z RO:0004008 external has_primary_output has_primary_output has primary output p has primary output c if (a) p has output c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, produce, or transform c. GOC:dph GOC:kva GOC:pt PMID:27812932 p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c. 2018-12-13T11:26:56Z has primary input p has primary input c if (a) p has input c and (b) the goal of process is to modify, consume, or transform c. GOC:dph GOC:kva GOC:pt PMID:27812932 A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. 2017-12-26T19:45:49Z realized in response to stimulus Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_positive_effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_positive_effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of,_negative_effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions. An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut) Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph. r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. triggered by process realized in response to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit triggered by process The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. Vasundra Touré regulates activity of p acts on population of c iff c' is a collection, has members of type c, and p has participant c 2020-06-08T17:21:33Z acts on population of 2021-02-26T07:28:29Z results in fusion of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates 'Lamp5-like Egln3_1 primary motor cortex GABAergic interneuron (Mus musculus)' subClass_of: has_characterizing_marker_set some 'NS forest marker set of Lamp5-like Egln3_1 MOp (Mouse).'; NS forest marker set of Lamp5-like Egln3_1 SubClass_of: ('has part' some 'Mouse Fbn2') and ('has part' some 'Mouse Chrna7') and ('has part' some 'Mouse Fam19a1'). transcriptomically defined cell type X subClass_of: (has_characterizing_marker_set some S1); S1 has_part some gene 1, S1 has_part some gene 2, S1 has_part some gene 3. A relation that applies between a cell type and a set of markers that can be used to uniquely identify that cell type. C has_characterizing_marker_set y iff: C is a cell type and y is a collection of genes or proteins whose expression is sufficient to distinguish cell type C from most or all other cell types. This relation is not meant for cases where set of genes/proteins are only useful as markers in some specific context - e.g. in some specific location. In these cases it is recommended to make a more specific cell class restricted to the relevant context. has marker gene combination has marker signature set has characterizing marker set s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. has cross section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively regulates characteristic brachial artery vessel supplies blood to brachialis muscle x vessel supplies blood to y if and only if x is a vessel that supplies blood directly or indirectly to an anatomical structure y. 2024-02-01T10:09:22Z RO:0020101 uberon vessel_supplies_blood_to vessel_supplies_blood_to vessel supplies blood to cystic vein vessel drains blood from gallbladder x vessel drains blood from y if and only if x is a vessel that drains blood directly or indirectly from an anatomical structure y. 2024-02-01T10:09:41Z RO:0020102 uberon vessel_drains_blood_from vessel_drains_blood_from vessel drains blood from This property only applies to anatomical entities. 2024-10-29T09:55:07Z is anatomical entity p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity 2018-09-26T01:08:58Z RO:0040036 external results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure chebi_ontology has_parent_hydride false false has parent hydride chebi_ontology is_conjugate_acid_of true false is conjugate acid of chebi_ontology is_conjugate_base_of true false is conjugate base of chebi_ontology is_substituent_group_from false false is substituent group from chebi_ontology is_tautomer_of true is tautomer of x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. uberon anteriorly_connected_to anteriorly connected to x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern carries uberon channel_for channel for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. uberon distally_connected_to distally connected to x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Relationship between a fluid and a material entity, where the fluid is the output of a realization of a filtration role that inheres in the material entity. uberon filtered_through Relationship between a fluid and a filtration barrier, where the portion of fluid arises as a transformation of another portion of fluid on the other side of the barrier, with larger particles removed filtered through a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s. add to RO uberon indirectly_supplies indirectly_supplies uberon layer_part_of layer part of x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. uberon posteriorly_connected_to posteriorly connected to x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern uberon protects protects x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. uberon proximally_connected_to proximally connected to x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern c site_of p if c is the bearer of a disposition that is realized by a process that has p as part. uberon capable_of_has_part site_of site_of uberon subdivision_of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision of Number of protons in an atomic nucleus has atomic number has atomic number has specified numeric value A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it. A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has specified numeric value has specified value A relation between a value specification and a literal. This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject. OBI has specified value The atomic mass (ma or m) is the mass of an atom. The protons and neutrons of the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms, with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions. It is measured in Daltons (unit). mass number entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] BFO:0000002 continuant continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. processual entity (BFO) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a chair a heart a heart a leg a leg a molecule a molecule a spatial region a spatial region an atom an atom an orchestra. an orchestra. an organism an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/2019-08-26/bfo.owl anatomical entity (BFO) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] BFO:0000004 A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. A process is an entity that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity during the time it occurs. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) James Malone (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001433 true An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/span#ProcessualEntity NCIt:C29862 SNOMEDCT:415178003 BFO:0000015 An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition For example, the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease. an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis A disposition is an entity that causes a specific process or transformation in an entity in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. For example, the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease. BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. James Malone modified from original b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disease property http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001438 true A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C. http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/snap#Disposition NCIt:C41205 BFO:0000016 disposition disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-0078 To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] BFO:0000017 realizable entity realizable_entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril A quality is an entity that describes some aspect which is intrinsic to that particular object and is dependent on or more material entities in which it inheres in or is borne by. Example the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee James Malone a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001436 true A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/snap#Quality NCIt:C25283 SNOMEDCT:263496004 quality quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. An experimental factor which is a property or characteristic of some other entity. For example, the mouse has the colour white. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. James Malone Sirarat Sarntivijai (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] sample characteristic http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001443 true A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/snap#SpecificallyDependentContinuant BFO:0000020 SpecificallyDependentContinuant specifically dependent continuant BFO:0000020 A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. material property specifically dependent continuant specifically dependent continuant b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role For example, the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of an artificial heart in pumping blood, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a drug in the treatment of a disease. John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. A role is an entity which is borne in a material entity in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts, but which is not essential to the fundamental definition of that material entity (i.e. the material entity exists with or without the role). For example, the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of an artificial heart in pumping blood, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a drug in the treatment of a disease. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. James Malone b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001440 true A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/snap#Role MeSH:D012380 NCIt:C48835 BFO:0000023 role role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat object fiat object part object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] BFO:0000031 A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. generically dependent continuant generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] material MaterialEntity material entity A heart, a human, a fly, a microarray. a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being A material entity is an entity that exists in full during the length of time of its existence, persists through this time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. For example a heart, a human, a fly, a microarray. An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. James Malone A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] sample factor http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001434 true An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/1.1/snap#MaterialEntity material type BFO:0000040 material entity material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) Material anatomical entity that is a member of an individual species or is a viral or viroid particle. organism or virus Melissa Haendel 9/18/11 organism or virus or viroid Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. -1 0.000548579903 0.0 KEGG:C05359 PMID:21614077 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron CHEBI:10545 electron PMID:21614077 Europe PMC electron ChEBI electron IUPAC electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acids and derivatives CHEBI:131927 dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives dicarboxylic acids and derivatives ChEBI A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. chebi_ontology hyaluronan hyaluronate polyanion CHEBI:132153 hyaluronate hyaluronan UniProt hyaluronate polyanion ChEBI Any steroid that has beta-configuration at position 5. chebi_ontology 5beta steroids 5beta-steroid 5beta-steroids CHEBI:136889 5beta steroid 5beta steroids ChEBI 5beta-steroid ChEBI 5beta-steroids ChEBI An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included. Wikipedia:Metalloid chebi_ontology metalloid metalloids CHEBI:137980 metalloid atom metalloid ChEBI metalloids ChEBI A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. Wikipedia:Mineral_acid chebi_ontology inorganic acids mineral acid mineral acids CHEBI:138103 inorganic acid inorganic acids ChEBI mineral acid ChEBI mineral acids ChEBI Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as allo-bile acids, have 5alpha-configuration. chebi_ontology CHEBI:138366 bile acids Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI -1 CH2NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 60.03212 60.00910 NC([O-])=O Beilstein:3903503 CAS:302-11-4 Gmelin:239604 carbamate chebi_ontology Carbamat Karbamat carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) CHEBI:13941 carbamate Beilstein:3903503 Beilstein CAS:302-11-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:239604 Gmelin carbamate IUPAC carbamate UniProt Carbamat ChEBI Karbamat ChEBI carbamate ion ChemIDplus carbamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXalpha, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22. chebi_ontology CHEBI:142163 24G7 epitope electron donor A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. CHEBI:13699 CHEBI:2377 KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor chebi_ontology A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur CHEBI:15339 acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. CHEBI:12686 CHEBI:13715 CHEBI:22197 CHEBI:2416 CHEBI:40559 Beilstein:1764436 CAS:51-84-3 DrugBank:DB03128 Drug_Central:65 Gmelin:326108 KEGG:C01996 LINCS:LSM-5888 PDBeChem:ACH PMID:14764638 PMID:15014918 PMID:15231705 PMID:15361288 PMID:18050502 PMID:18407448 PMID:19255787 PMID:20963497 PMID:21130809 PMID:21246223 PMID:21545631 PMID:21601579 Wikipedia:Acetylcholine 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium ACETYLCHOLINE Acetylcholine acetylcholine chebi_ontology ACh Azetylcholin O-Acetylcholine choline acetate CHEBI:15355 acetylcholine Beilstein:1764436 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 ChemIDplus CAS:51-84-3 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:65 DrugCentral Gmelin:326108 Gmelin PMID:14764638 Europe PMC PMID:15014918 Europe PMC PMID:15231705 Europe PMC PMID:15361288 Europe PMC PMID:18050502 Europe PMC PMID:18407448 Europe PMC PMID:19255787 Europe PMC PMID:20963497 Europe PMC PMID:21130809 Europe PMC PMID:21246223 Europe PMC PMID:21545631 Europe PMC PMID:21601579 Europe PMC 2-acetyloxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium IUPAC ACETYLCHOLINE PDBeChem Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND acetylcholine UniProt ACh ChemIDplus Azetylcholin ChEBI O-Acetylcholine KEGG_COMPOUND choline acetate ChemIDplus A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. CHEBI:22169 CHEBI:2387 CHEBI:40486 CAS:64-19-7 Drug_Central:4211 Gmelin:1380 HMDB:HMDB0000042 KEGG:C00033 KEGG:D00010 KNApSAcK:C00001176 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PDBeChem:ACY PMID:12005138 PMID:15107950 PMID:16630552 PMID:16774200 PMID:17190852 PMID:19416101 PMID:19469536 PMID:22153255 PMID:22173419 PPDB:1333 Reaxys:506007 Wikipedia:Acetic_acid ACETIC ACID Acetic acid acetic acid chebi_ontology AcOH CH3-COOH CH3CO2H E 260 E-260 E260 Essigsaeure Ethanoic acid Ethylic acid HOAc INS No. 260 MeCO2H MeCOOH Methanecarboxylic acid acide acetique ethoic acid CHEBI:15366 acetic acid CAS:64-19-7 ChemIDplus CAS:64-19-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:64-19-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4211 DrugCentral Gmelin:1380 Gmelin LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMFA01010002 LIPID MAPS PMID:12005138 Europe PMC PMID:15107950 Europe PMC PMID:16630552 Europe PMC PMID:16774200 Europe PMC PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:19416101 Europe PMC PMID:19469536 Europe PMC PMID:22153255 Europe PMC PMID:22173419 Europe PMC Reaxys:506007 Reaxys ACETIC ACID PDBeChem Acetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND acetic acid IUPAC AcOH ChEBI CH3-COOH IUPAC CH3CO2H ChEBI E 260 ChEBI E-260 ChEBI E260 ChEBI Essigsaeure ChEBI Ethanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Ethylic acid ChemIDplus HOAc ChEBI INS No. 260 ChEBI MeCO2H ChEBI MeCOOH ChEBI Methanecarboxylic acid ChemIDplus acide acetique ChemIDplus ethoic acid ChEBI water The general name for the hydrogen nucleus, to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes). +1 H InChI=1S/p+1 GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.008 [H+] CHEBI:10744 CHEBI:13357 CHEBI:5584 KEGG:C00080 Hydron hydrogen(1+) hydron chebi_ontology H(+) H+ CHEBI:15378 hydron Hydron KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen(1+) IUPAC hydron IUPAC H(+) UniProt H+ KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:10745 CHEBI:13416 CHEBI:23833 CHEBI:25366 CHEBI:30491 CHEBI:44742 CHEBI:7860 CAS:7782-44-7 Gmelin:485 HMDB:HMDB0001377 KEGG:C00007 KEGG:D00003 MetaCyc:OXYGEN-MOLECULE MolBase:750 PDBeChem:OXY PMID:10906528 PMID:16977326 PMID:18210929 PMID:18638417 PMID:19840863 PMID:7710549 PMID:9463773 Wikipedia:Oxygen dioxygen chebi_ontology Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen CHEBI:15379 dioxygen CAS:7782-44-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7782-44-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7782-44-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:485 Gmelin PMID:10906528 Europe PMC PMID:16977326 Europe PMC PMID:18210929 Europe PMC PMID:18638417 Europe PMC PMID:19840863 Europe PMC PMID:7710549 Europe PMC PMID:9463773 Europe PMC dioxygen IUPAC Disauerstoff ChEBI E 948 ChEBI E-948 ChEBI E948 ChEBI O2 IUPAC O2 KEGG_COMPOUND O2 UniProt OXYGEN MOLECULE PDBeChem Oxygen KEGG_COMPOUND [OO] MolBase dioxygene ChEBI molecular oxygen ChEBI A trace radioisotope of argon with atomic mass of 38.964313 and a half-life of 269 years. 0 [39Ar] InChI=1S/Ar/i1-1 XKRFYHLGVUSROY-BJUDXGSMSA-N 38.964 38.96431 [Ar] CAS:25729-41-3 PMID:16429279 PMID:17781454 PMID:17791262 PMID:28017500 PMID:28755564 PMID:30487580 chebi_ontology (39)18Ar (39)Ar (39)Ar radioisotope Ar-39 Ar-39 radioisotope argon 39 argon, isotope of mass 39 argon-39 CHEBI:155827 argon-39 atom CAS:25729-41-3 ChemIDplus PMID:16429279 Europe PMC PMID:17781454 Europe PMC PMID:17791262 Europe PMC PMID:28017500 Europe PMC PMID:28755564 Europe PMC PMID:30487580 Europe PMC (39)18Ar ChEBI (39)Ar ChemIDplus (39)Ar radioisotope ChEBI Ar-39 ChEBI Ar-39 radioisotope ChEBI argon 39 ChEBI argon, isotope of mass 39 ChemIDplus argon-39 ChEBI Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. CHEBI:13755 CHEBI:22305 CHEBI:2561 KEGG:C01370 Wikipedia:Aldose Aldose chebi_ontology aldoses an aldose CHEBI:15693 aldose Aldose KEGG_COMPOUND aldoses ChEBI an aldose UniProt A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. C4H6N2O3R2(C2H2NOR)n CHEBI:14860 CHEBI:8314 KEGG:C00403 Polypeptide polypeptides chebi_ontology Polypeptid polipeptido CHEBI:15841 polypeptide Polypeptide KEGG_COMPOUND polypeptides IUPAC Polypeptid ChEBI polipeptido ChEBI A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues. CHEBI:13672 CHEBI:14859 CHEBI:8312 KEGG:C00419 Polynucleotide chebi_ontology polynucleotides CHEBI:15986 polynucleotide Polynucleotide KEGG_COMPOUND polynucleotides ChEBI An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. 0 H3N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 17.03056 17.02655 [H]N([H])[H] CHEBI:13405 CHEBI:13406 CHEBI:13407 CHEBI:13771 CHEBI:22533 CHEBI:44269 CHEBI:44284 CHEBI:44404 CHEBI:7434 Beilstein:3587154 CAS:7664-41-7 Drug_Central:4625 Gmelin:79 HMDB:HMDB0000051 KEGG:C00014 KEGG:D02916 KNApSAcK:C00007267 MetaCyc:AMMONIA MolBase:930 PDBeChem:NH3 PMID:110589 PMID:11139349 PMID:11540049 PMID:11746427 PMID:11783653 PMID:13753780 PMID:14663195 PMID:15092448 PMID:15094021 PMID:15554424 PMID:15969015 PMID:16008360 PMID:16050680 PMID:16348008 PMID:16349403 PMID:16614889 PMID:16664306 PMID:16842901 PMID:17025297 PMID:17439666 PMID:17569513 PMID:17737668 PMID:18670398 PMID:22002069 PMID:22081570 PMID:22088435 PMID:22100291 PMID:22130175 PMID:22150211 PMID:22240068 PMID:22290316 PMID:22342082 PMID:22385337 PMID:22443779 PMID:22560242 Reaxys:3587154 Wikipedia:Ammonia AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane chebi_ontology Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn CHEBI:16134 ammonia Beilstein:3587154 Beilstein CAS:7664-41-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-41-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-41-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4625 DrugCentral Gmelin:79 Gmelin PMID:110589 Europe PMC PMID:11139349 Europe PMC PMID:11540049 Europe PMC PMID:11746427 Europe PMC PMID:11783653 Europe PMC PMID:13753780 Europe PMC PMID:14663195 Europe PMC PMID:15092448 Europe PMC PMID:15094021 Europe PMC PMID:15554424 Europe PMC PMID:15969015 Europe PMC PMID:16008360 Europe PMC PMID:16050680 Europe PMC PMID:16348008 Europe PMC PMID:16349403 Europe PMC PMID:16614889 Europe PMC PMID:16664306 Europe PMC PMID:16842901 Europe PMC PMID:17025297 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17569513 Europe PMC PMID:17737668 Europe PMC PMID:18670398 Europe PMC PMID:22002069 Europe PMC PMID:22081570 Europe PMC PMID:22088435 Europe PMC PMID:22100291 Europe PMC PMID:22130175 Europe PMC PMID:22150211 Europe PMC PMID:22240068 Europe PMC PMID:22290316 Europe PMC PMID:22342082 Europe PMC PMID:22385337 Europe PMC PMID:22443779 Europe PMC PMID:22560242 Europe PMC Reaxys:3587154 Reaxys AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND ammonia IUPAC azane IUPAC Ammoniak ChemIDplus NH3 IUPAC NH3 KEGG_COMPOUND NH3 UniProt R-717 ChEBI [NH3] MolBase ammoniac ChEBI amoniaco ChEBI spirit of hartshorn ChemIDplus A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. CHEBI:15135 CHEBI:45687 CHEBI:9335 CAS:14808-79-8 Gmelin:2120 HMDB:HMDB0001448 KEGG:C00059 KEGG:D05963 MetaCyc:SULFATE PDBeChem:SO4 PMID:11200094 PMID:11452993 PMID:11581495 PMID:11798107 PMID:12166931 PMID:12668033 PMID:14597181 PMID:15093386 PMID:15984785 PMID:16186560 PMID:16345535 PMID:16347366 PMID:16348007 PMID:16483812 PMID:16534979 PMID:16656509 PMID:16742508 PMID:16742518 PMID:17120760 PMID:17420092 PMID:17439666 PMID:17709180 PMID:18398178 PMID:18815700 PMID:18846414 PMID:19047345 PMID:19244483 PMID:19544990 PMID:19628332 PMID:19812358 PMID:30398859 Reaxys:3648446 Wikipedia:Sulfate Sulfate sulfate tetraoxidosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(VI) chebi_ontology SO4(2-) SULFATE ION Sulfate anion(2-) Sulfate dianion Sulfate(2-) Sulfuric acid ion(2-) [SO4](2-) sulphate sulphate ion CHEBI:16189 sulfate CAS:14808-79-8 ChemIDplus CAS:14808-79-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2120 Gmelin PMID:11200094 Europe PMC PMID:11452993 Europe PMC PMID:11581495 Europe PMC PMID:11798107 Europe PMC PMID:12166931 Europe PMC PMID:12668033 Europe PMC PMID:14597181 Europe PMC PMID:15093386 Europe PMC PMID:15984785 Europe PMC PMID:16186560 Europe PMC PMID:16345535 Europe PMC PMID:16347366 Europe PMC PMID:16348007 Europe PMC PMID:16483812 Europe PMC PMID:16534979 Europe PMC PMID:16656509 Europe PMC PMID:16742508 Europe PMC PMID:16742518 Europe PMC PMID:17120760 Europe PMC PMID:17420092 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17709180 Europe PMC PMID:18398178 Europe PMC PMID:18815700 Europe PMC PMID:18846414 Europe PMC PMID:19047345 Europe PMC PMID:19244483 Europe PMC PMID:19544990 Europe PMC PMID:19628332 Europe PMC PMID:19812358 Europe PMC PMID:30398859 Europe PMC Reaxys:3648446 Reaxys Sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND sulfate IUPAC sulfate UniProt tetraoxidosulfate(2-) IUPAC tetraoxosulfate(2-) IUPAC tetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC SO4(2-) IUPAC SULFATE ION PDBeChem Sulfate anion(2-) HMDB Sulfate dianion HMDB Sulfate(2-) HMDB Sulfuric acid ion(2-) HMDB [SO4](2-) IUPAC sulphate ChEBI sulphate ion ChEBI A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells. CHEBI:14412 CHEBI:24622 CHEBI:24623 CHEBI:5772 Beilstein:8538277 CAS:9004-61-9 HMDB:HMDB0010366 KEGG:C00518 KEGG:D08043 KEGG:G10505 PMID:11122186 PMID:18056362 PMID:18290544 Reaxys:8187837 Wikipedia:Hyaluronan Hyaluronic acid chebi_ontology Hyaluronsaeure [beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n [beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n acide hyaluronique acido hialuronico hyaluronan CHEBI:16336 hyaluronic acid Beilstein:8538277 Beilstein CAS:9004-61-9 ChemIDplus CAS:9004-61-9 KEGG COMPOUND PMID:11122186 Europe PMC PMID:18056362 Europe PMC PMID:18290544 Europe PMC Reaxys:8187837 Reaxys Hyaluronic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Hyaluronsaeure ChEBI [beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n ChEBI [beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n KEGG_COMPOUND acide hyaluronique ChEBI acido hialuronico ChEBI hyaluronan ChEBI carbon dioxide A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:8526 KEGG:C00017 chebi_ontology Protein a protein polypeptide chain protein polypeptide chains CHEBI:16541 protein polypeptide chain Protein KEGG_COMPOUND a protein UniProt polypeptide chain ChEBI protein polypeptide chains ChEBI Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. CHEBI:15131 CHEBI:23008 CHEBI:9318 Wikipedia:Carbohydrate carbohydrate carbohydrates chebi_ontology Kohlenhydrat Kohlenhydrate a carbohydrate carbohidrato carbohidratos glucide glucides glucido glucidos hydrates de carbone saccharide saccharides saccharidum CHEBI:16646 carbohydrate carbohydrate IUPAC carbohydrates IUPAC Kohlenhydrat ChEBI Kohlenhydrate ChEBI a carbohydrate UniProt carbohidrato IUPAC carbohidratos IUPAC glucide ChEBI glucides ChEBI glucido ChEBI glucidos ChEBI hydrates de carbone ChEBI saccharide IUPAC saccharides IUPAC saccharidum ChEBI Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. 0 (C2H2NOR)nC2H3NOR CHEBI:14753 CHEBI:25906 CHEBI:7990 KEGG:C00012 Peptide peptides chebi_ontology Peptid peptido peptidos CHEBI:16670 peptide Peptide KEGG_COMPOUND peptides IUPAC Peptid ChEBI peptido ChEBI peptidos ChEBI chebi_ontology noradrenaline CHEBI:166902 noradrenaline(1+) noradrenaline UniProt Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. chebi_ontology glycans CHEBI:167559 glycan glycans ChEBI An aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position. CHEBI:15274 CHEBI:27161 CHEBI:46157 CHEBI:9767 CAS:61-54-1 DrugBank:DB08653 Gmelin:603448 HMDB:HMDB0000303 KEGG:C00398 KNApSAcK:C00001434 MetaCyc:TRYPTAMINE PDBeChem:TSS PMID:16126914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24345948 PMID:24558969 Reaxys:125513 Wikipedia:Tryptamine 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine Tryptamine chebi_ontology 1H-indole-3-ethanamine 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole CHEBI:16765 tryptamine CAS:61-54-1 ChemIDplus CAS:61-54-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:61-54-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:603448 Gmelin PMID:16126914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24345948 Europe PMC PMID:24558969 Europe PMC Reaxys:125513 Reaxys 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine IUPAC Tryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND 1H-indole-3-ethanamine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE PDBeChem 2-(3-indolyl)ethylamine ChemIDplus 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indole KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. CHEBI:13898 CHEBI:22870 CHEBI:3099 CAS:635-65-4 Gmelin:411033 HMDB:HMDB0000054 KEGG:C00486 KNApSAcK:C00029828 MetaCyc:BILIRUBIN PDBeChem:BLR PMID:12799017 PMID:18442622 PMID:23763371 PMID:23768684 PMID:30224965 PMID:8605219 PMID:9587403 Reaxys:74376 Wikipedia:Bilirubin 3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid bilirubin chebi_ontology 1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid 2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione Bilirubin bilirubin(Z,Z) bilirubin-IXalpha CHEBI:16990 bilirubin IXalpha CAS:635-65-4 ChemIDplus CAS:635-65-4 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:411033 Gmelin PMID:12799017 Europe PMC PMID:18442622 Europe PMC PMID:23763371 Europe PMC PMID:23768684 Europe PMC PMID:30224965 Europe PMC PMID:8605219 Europe PMC PMID:9587403 Europe PMC Reaxys:74376 Reaxys 3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid IUPAC bilirubin IUPAC 1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid ChemIDplus 2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid ChemIDplus 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid IUPAC 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione JCBN Bilirubin KEGG_COMPOUND bilirubin(Z,Z) ChEBI bilirubin-IXalpha ChEBI A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). CHEBI:13427 CHEBI:13646 CHEBI:24974 CHEBI:6127 CHEBI:8742 KEGG:C01450 Wikipedia:Ketone Ketone ketones chebi_ontology Keton R-CO-R' a ketone cetone ketones CHEBI:17087 ketone Ketone KEGG_COMPOUND ketones IUPAC Keton ChEBI R-CO-R' KEGG_COMPOUND a ketone UniProt cetone ChEBI ketones ChEBI A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component. CHEBI:14349 CHEBI:5481 CHEBI:5493 KEGG:C00326 Glycoprotein glycoproteins chebi_ontology Glykoprotein Glykoproteine a glycoprotein glicoproteina glicoproteinas glycoproteine glycoproteines CHEBI:17089 glycoprotein Glycoprotein KEGG_COMPOUND glycoproteins IUPAC Glykoprotein ChEBI Glykoproteine ChEBI a glycoprotein UniProt glicoproteina ChEBI glicoproteinas ChEBI glycoproteine ChEBI glycoproteines ChEBI An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. CHEBI:14313 CHEBI:24277 CHEBI:33929 CHEBI:5418 CAS:50-99-7 KEGG:C00293 Wikipedia:Glucose Glucose gluco-hexose glucose chebi_ontology DL-glucose Glc Glukose CHEBI:17234 glucose CAS:50-99-7 KEGG COMPOUND Glucose KEGG_COMPOUND gluco-hexose IUPAC glucose IUPAC DL-glucose ChEBI Glc JCBN Glukose ChEBI The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. CHEBI:13363 CHEBI:22863 CHEBI:40961 CHEBI:5589 Beilstein:3903504 CAS:71-52-3 Gmelin:49249 HMDB:HMDB0000595 KEGG:C00288 MetaCyc:HCO3 PDBeChem:BCT PMID:17215880 PMID:17505962 PMID:18439416 PMID:28732801 PMID:29150416 PMID:29460248 PMID:29466234 PMID:4208463 Wikipedia:Bicarbonate Hydrogencarbonate hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) hydrogencarbonate hydrogencarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) chebi_ontology Acid carbonate BICARBONATE ION Bicarbonate HCO3(-) HCO3- [CO2(OH)](-) hydrogen carbonate CHEBI:17544 hydrogencarbonate Beilstein:3903504 Beilstein CAS:71-52-3 ChemIDplus Gmelin:49249 Gmelin PMID:17215880 Europe PMC PMID:17505962 Europe PMC PMID:18439416 Europe PMC PMID:28732801 Europe PMC PMID:29150416 Europe PMC PMID:29460248 Europe PMC PMID:29466234 Europe PMC PMID:4208463 Europe PMC Hydrogencarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogencarbonate IUPAC hydrogencarbonate UniProt hydrogencarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) IUPAC hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) IUPAC Acid carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND BICARBONATE ION PDBeChem Bicarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND HCO3(-) IUPAC HCO3- KEGG_COMPOUND [CO2(OH)](-) IUPAC hydrogen carbonate PDBeChem Any D-aldose having a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. CHEBI:12990 CHEBI:21038 chebi_ontology D-aldohexoses CHEBI:17608 D-aldohexose D-aldohexoses ChEBI A glucose with D-configuration. CHEBI:12965 CHEBI:20999 CAS:50-99-7 D-gluco-hexose D-glucose chebi_ontology D(+)-glucose D-(+)-glucose Traubenzucker dextrose grape sugar CHEBI:17634 D-glucose CAS:50-99-7 ChemIDplus CAS:50-99-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook D-gluco-hexose IUPAC D-glucose IUPAC D(+)-glucose ChemIDplus D-(+)-glucose NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Traubenzucker ChemIDplus dextrose NIST_Chemistry_WebBook grape sugar ChemIDplus A minor stable isotope of calcium with relative atomic mass 42.95877 and 0.135 atom percent natural abundance. 0 [43Ca] InChI=1S/Ca/i1+3 OYPRJOBELJOOCE-AKLPVKDBSA-N 42.959 42.95877 [43Ca] CAS:14333-06-3 PMID:11859764 PMID:19117733 PMID:20463996 PMID:20574585 PMID:23163540 PMID:23398971 PMID:24874995 PMID:25306191 PMID:29770988 PMID:6548252 ((43)Ca)calcium chebi_ontology (43)20Ca (43)Ca (43)calcium Ca-43 calcium, isotope of mass 43 calcium-43 calcium-43 isotope CHEBI:176566 calcium-43 atom CAS:14333-06-3 ChemIDplus PMID:11859764 Europe PMC PMID:19117733 Europe PMC PMID:20463996 Europe PMC PMID:20574585 Europe PMC PMID:23163540 Europe PMC PMID:23398971 Europe PMC PMID:24874995 Europe PMC PMID:25306191 Europe PMC PMID:29770988 Europe PMC PMID:6548252 Europe PMC ((43)Ca)calcium IUPAC (43)20Ca ChEBI (43)Ca ChemIDplus (43)calcium ChEBI Ca-43 ChEBI calcium, isotope of mass 43 ChemIDplus calcium-43 ChemIDplus calcium-43 isotope ChEBI A stable isotope of molybdenum with relative atomic mass 97.90541, 24.29 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 0. 0 [98Mo] InChI=1S/Mo/i1+2 ZOKXTWBITQBERF-NJFSPNSNSA-N 97.905 97.90541 [98Mo] CAS:14392-20-2 PMID:19720541 PMID:22796396 PMID:22970917 PMID:24593536 PMID:25087173 PMID:25168118 PMID:25880611 PMID:26397967 PMID:26808401 ((98)Mo)molybdenum chebi_ontology (98)42Mo (98)Mo Mo-98 molybdenum, isotope of mass 98 molybdenum-98 CHEBI:176570 molybdenum-98 atom CAS:14392-20-2 ChemIDplus PMID:19720541 Europe PMC PMID:22796396 Europe PMC PMID:22970917 Europe PMC PMID:24593536 Europe PMC PMID:25087173 SUBMITTER PMID:25168118 Europe PMC PMID:25880611 Europe PMC PMID:26397967 Europe PMC PMID:26808401 Europe PMC ((98)Mo)molybdenum IUPAC (98)42Mo ChEBI (98)Mo ChemIDplus Mo-98 ChEBI molybdenum, isotope of mass 98 ChemIDplus molybdenum-98 ChemIDplus A major stable isotope of strontium with relative atomic mass 87.90561 and 82.58 atom percent natural abundance. 0 [88Sr] InChI=1S/Sr/i1+0 CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-IGMARMGPSA-N 87.906 87.90561 [88Sr] CAS:14119-10-9 PMID:11893161 PMID:27829691 PMID:32350478 PMID:33328666 PMID:33834832 PMID:6337617 ((88)Sr)strontium chebi_ontology (88)38Sr (88)Sr (88)strontium Sr-88 strontium, isotope of mass 88 strontium-88 strontium-88 isotope CHEBI:176571 strontium-88 atom CAS:14119-10-9 ChemIDplus PMID:11893161 Europe PMC PMID:27829691 Europe PMC PMID:32350478 Europe PMC PMID:33328666 Europe PMC PMID:33834832 Europe PMC PMID:6337617 SUBMITTER ((88)Sr)strontium IUPAC (88)38Sr ChEBI (88)Sr ChemIDplus (88)strontium ChEBI Sr-88 ChEBI strontium, isotope of mass 88 ChemIDplus strontium-88 ChemIDplus strontium-88 isotope ChEBI A stable isotope of rubidium with relative atomic mass 84.91179, 72.17 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2. 0 [85Rb] InChI=1S/Rb/i1+0 IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-IGMARMGPSA-N 84.912 84.91179 [85Rb] CAS:13982-12-2 PMID:18026483 PMID:18033464 PMID:18291893 PMID:18382518 PMID:19855587 PMID:25087142 PMID:32909800 PMID:33709729 PMID:34170158 ((85)Rb)rubidium chebi_ontology (85)37Rb (85)Rb Rb-85 rubidium, isotope of mass 85 rubidium-85 CHEBI:176572 rubidium-85 atom CAS:13982-12-2 ChemIDplus PMID:18026483 Europe PMC PMID:18033464 Europe PMC PMID:18291893 Europe PMC PMID:18382518 Europe PMC PMID:19855587 Europe PMC PMID:25087142 SUBMITTER PMID:32909800 Europe PMC PMID:33709729 Europe PMC PMID:34170158 Europe PMC ((85)Rb)rubidium IUPAC (85)37Rb ChEBI (85)Rb ChemIDplus Rb-85 ChEBI rubidium, isotope of mass 85 ChemIDplus rubidium-85 ChemIDplus A stable isotope of selenium with relative atomic mass 81.91670, 8.82 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 0. 0 [82Se] InChI=1S/Se/i1+3 BUGBHKTXTAQXES-AKLPVKDBSA-N 81.917 81.91670 [82Se] CAS:14687-58-2 Chemspider:4892236 PMID:16028633 PMID:18781022 PMID:21139275 PMID:22258472 PMID:23575454 PMID:29932707 PMID:30881205 PMID:31386478 PMID:31951429 PMID:33576665 PMID:6337549 ((82)Se)selenium chebi_ontology (82)34Se (82)Se Se-82 selenium, isotope of mass 82 selenium-82 CHEBI:176573 selenium-82 atom CAS:14687-58-2 ChemIDplus PMID:16028633 Europe PMC PMID:18781022 Europe PMC PMID:21139275 Europe PMC PMID:22258472 Europe PMC PMID:23575454 Europe PMC PMID:29932707 Europe PMC PMID:30881205 Europe PMC PMID:31386478 Europe PMC PMID:31951429 Europe PMC PMID:33576665 Europe PMC PMID:6337549 SUBMITTER ((82)Se)selenium IUPAC (82)34Se ChEBI (82)Se ChemIDplus Se-82 ChEBI selenium, isotope of mass 82 ChemIDplus selenium-82 ChemIDplus A stable isotope of zinc with relative atomic mass 65.92603, 27.7 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 0. 0 [66Zn] InChI=1S/Zn/i1+1 HCHKCACWOHOZIP-OUBTZVSYSA-N 65.926 65.92603 [66Zn] CAS:14378-33-7 PMID:12447866 PMID:19836537 PMID:20155761 PMID:21047059 PMID:24196216 PMID:26065372 PMID:26808401 PMID:27189145 PMID:27306032 ((66)Zn)zinc chebi_ontology (66)30Zn (66)Zn Zn-66 zinc, isotope of mass 66 zinc-66 CHEBI:176574 zinc-66 atom CAS:14378-33-7 ChemIDplus PMID:12447866 SUBMITTER PMID:19836537 Europe PMC PMID:20155761 Europe PMC PMID:21047059 Europe PMC PMID:24196216 Europe PMC PMID:26065372 Europe PMC PMID:26808401 Europe PMC PMID:27189145 Europe PMC PMID:27306032 Europe PMC ((66)Zn)zinc IUPAC (66)30Zn ChEBI (66)Zn ChemIDplus Zn-66 ChemIDplus zinc, isotope of mass 66 ChemIDplus zinc-66 ChemIDplus A stable isotope of nickel with relative atomic mass 59.93079, 26.223 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 0. 0 [60Ni] InChI=1S/Ni/i1+1 PXHVJJICTQNCMI-OUBTZVSYSA-N 59.931 59.93079 [60Ni] CAS:13981-80-1 PMID:15308160 PMID:22583786 PMID:23149182 PMID:25126912 PMID:25700212 PMID:26709546 PMID:29376683 ((60)Ni)nickel chebi_ontology (60)Ni Ni-60 nickel, isotope of mass 60 nickel-60 CHEBI:176575 nickel-60 atom CAS:13981-80-1 ChemIDplus PMID:15308160 Europe PMC PMID:22583786 Europe PMC PMID:23149182 Europe PMC PMID:25126912 Europe PMC PMID:25700212 Europe PMC PMID:26709546 Europe PMC PMID:29376683 Europe PMC ((60)Ni)nickel IUPAC (60)Ni ChEBI Ni-60 ChEBI nickel, isotope of mass 60 ChemIDplus nickel-60 ChemIDplus A stable isotope of cobalt with relative atomic mass 58.93319, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 7/2. 0 [59Co] InChI=1S/Co/i1+0 GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-IGMARMGPSA-N 58.933 58.93319 [59Co] PMID:10617436 PMID:10940985 PMID:11421673 PMID:11528329 PMID:12943912 PMID:19150229 PMID:19421527 PMID:25069794 PMID:25169133 PMID:26066447 PMID:26641288 PMID:27355901 PMID:30137661 PMID:31367328 PMID:32478347 ((59)Co)cobalt chebi_ontology (59)27Co (59)Co Co-59 cobalt, isotope of mass 59 cobalt-(59)Co cobalt-59 CHEBI:176578 cobalt-59 atom PMID:10617436 Europe PMC PMID:10940985 Europe PMC PMID:11421673 Europe PMC PMID:11528329 SUBMITTER PMID:12943912 Europe PMC PMID:19150229 Europe PMC PMID:19421527 Europe PMC PMID:25069794 Europe PMC PMID:25169133 Europe PMC PMID:26066447 Europe PMC PMID:26641288 Europe PMC PMID:27355901 Europe PMC PMID:30137661 Europe PMC PMID:31367328 Europe PMC PMID:32478347 Europe PMC ((59)Co)cobalt IUPAC (59)27Co ChEBI (59)Co ChEBI Co-59 ChEBI cobalt, isotope of mass 59 ChEBI cobalt-(59)Co ChEBI cobalt-59 ChEBI A stable isotope of manganese with relative atomic mass 54.93804, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2. 0 [55Mn] InChI=1S/Mn/i1+0 PWHULOQIROXLJO-IGMARMGPSA-N 54.938 54.93804 [55Mn] PMID:20645339 PMID:21058720 PMID:21341708 PMID:24993844 PMID:25179135 PMID:25891681 ((55)Mn)manganese chebi_ontology (55)25Mn (55)Mn Mn-55 manganese, isotope of mass 55 manganese-55 CHEBI:176583 manganese-55 atom PMID:20645339 Europe PMC PMID:21058720 Europe PMC PMID:21341708 Europe PMC PMID:24993844 Europe PMC PMID:25179135 Europe PMC PMID:25891681 Europe PMC ((55)Mn)manganese IUPAC (55)25Mn ChEBI (55)Mn ChEBI Mn-55 ChEBI manganese, isotope of mass 55 ChEBI manganese-55 ChEBI A stable isotope of arsenic with relative atomic mass 74.921596, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. 0 [75As] InChI=1S/As/i1+0 RQNWIZPPADIBDY-IGMARMGPSA-N 74.922 74.92159 [75As] ((75)As)arsenic chebi_ontology (75)33As (75)As As-75 arsenic, isotope of mass 75 arsenic-75 CHEBI:176584 arsenic-75 atom (75)As ChEBI As-75 ChEBI arsenic, isotope of mass 75 ChEBI arsenic-75 ChEBI ((75)As)arsenic IUPAC (75)33As ChEBI A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. CHEBI:14202 CHEBI:4697 KEGG:C01351 Donor chebi_ontology Donator donneur CHEBI:17891 donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI dinitrogen 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. CHEBI:14517 CHEBI:25054 CHEBI:6486 KEGG:C01356 Lipid lipids chebi_ontology CHEBI:18059 lipid Lipid KEGG_COMPOUND lipids IUPAC Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. CHEBI:14361 CHEBI:24398 CHEBI:5495 KEGG:C02545 Wikipedia:Glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan chebi_ontology Glykosaminoglykan glicosaminoglicano glycosaminoglycane glycosaminoglycans CHEBI:18085 glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan KEGG_COMPOUND glycosaminoglycan IUPAC Glykosaminoglykan ChEBI glicosaminoglicano IUPAC glycosaminoglycane IUPAC glycosaminoglycans ChEBI Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). CHEBI:14399 CHEBI:24590 CHEBI:5709 GlyGen:G70994MS GlyTouCan:G70994MS KEGG:C00738 Hexose chebi_ontology WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/ hexoses CHEBI:18133 hexose Hexose KEGG_COMPOUND WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[axxxxh-1x_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1/ GlyTouCan hexoses ChEBI A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. CHEBI:14864 CHEBI:26205 CHEBI:8322 KEGG:C00420 Polysaccharide polysaccharides chebi_ontology Glycan Glycane Glykan Glykane glycans polisacarido polisacaridos CHEBI:18154 polysaccharide Polysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND polysaccharides IUPAC Glycan KEGG_COMPOUND Glycane ChEBI Glykan ChEBI Glykane ChEBI glycans IUPAC polisacarido ChEBI polisacaridos IUPAC An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. 0 Fe InChI=1S/Fe XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 55.84500 55.93494 [Fe] CHEBI:13322 CHEBI:24872 CHEBI:5974 CAS:7439-89-6 DrugBank:DB01592 HMDB:HMDB0015531 KEGG:C00023 Reaxys:4122945 WebElements:Fe iron chebi_ontology 26Fe Eisen Fe Iron fer ferrum hierro iron CHEBI:18248 iron atom CAS:7439-89-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-89-6 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7439-89-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Reaxys:4122945 Reaxys iron IUPAC 26Fe IUPAC Eisen ChEBI Fe IUPAC Fe UniProt Iron KEGG_COMPOUND fer ChEBI ferrum IUPAC hierro ChEBI iron ChEBI That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. CHEBI:13873 CHEBI:25598 CHEBI:2995 KEGG:C00701 Wikipedia:Nucleobase chebi_ontology Base nucleobases CHEBI:18282 nucleobase Base KEGG_COMPOUND nucleobases ChEBI 0 Mn InChI=1S/Mn PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 54.93805 54.93804 [Mn] CHEBI:13382 CHEBI:25153 CHEBI:6681 CAS:7439-96-5 KEGG:C00034 WebElements:Mn manganese chebi_ontology 25Mn Mangan Manganese Mn manganese manganeso manganum CHEBI:18291 manganese atom CAS:7439-96-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-96-5 KEGG COMPOUND manganese IUPAC 25Mn IUPAC Mangan NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Manganese KEGG_COMPOUND Mn IUPAC Mn UniProt manganese ChEBI manganeso ChEBI manganum ChEBI The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline. CHEBI:1 CHEBI:14668 CHEBI:25592 CHEBI:258884 CHEBI:43725 Beilstein:4231961 CAS:51-41-2 DrugBank:DB00368 Drug_Central:1960 HMDB:HMDB0000216 KEGG:C00547 KEGG:D00076 KNApSAcK:C00001424 PDBeChem:LNR Reaxys:2804840 Wikipedia:Norepinephrine 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol chebi_ontology (-)-arterenol (-)-noradrenaline (-)-norepinephrine (R)-(-)-norepinephrine (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol (R)-norepinephrine 4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol Arterenol L-NOREPINEPHRINE L-Noradrenaline Noradrenaline Norepinephrine norepinefrina norepinephrine norepinephrinum CHEBI:18357 (R)-noradrenaline Beilstein:4231961 ChemIDplus CAS:51-41-2 ChemIDplus CAS:51-41-2 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:1960 DrugCentral Reaxys:2804840 Reaxys 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC (-)-arterenol ChemIDplus (-)-noradrenaline IUPHAR (-)-norepinephrine ChemIDplus (R)-(-)-norepinephrine ChemIDplus (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol ChemIDplus (R)-norepinephrine ChemIDplus 4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol KEGG_COMPOUND Arterenol KEGG_COMPOUND L-NOREPINEPHRINE PDBeChem L-Noradrenaline KEGG_COMPOUND Noradrenaline KEGG_COMPOUND Norepinephrine KEGG_COMPOUND norepinefrina ChEBI norepinephrine ChemIDplus norepinephrine WHO_MedNet norepinephrinum ChEBI A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114. 0 Fl InChI=1S/Fl WIHJCBVMYKIGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 289.000 289.00000 [Fl] PMID:16833611 PMID:17919027 PMID:19905506 PMID:20379506 PMID:20867370 PMID:23787759 PMID:24456007 PMID:29711350 PMID:36092655 Wikipedia:Flerovium chebi_ontology 114Fl 114Uuq E114 Fl Uuq eka-lead element 114 ununquadium CHEBI:194531 flerovium atom PMID:16833611 Europe PMC PMID:17919027 Europe PMC PMID:19905506 Europe PMC PMID:20379506 Europe PMC PMID:20867370 Europe PMC PMID:23787759 Europe PMC PMID:24456007 Europe PMC PMID:29711350 Europe PMC PMID:36092655 Europe PMC 114Fl ChEBI 114Uuq ChEBI E114 ChEBI Fl ChEBI Uuq ChEBI eka-lead ChEBI element 114 ChEBI ununquadium ChEBI A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113. 0 Nh InChI=1S/Nh KUGNSLWRKGRKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 286.000 286.00000 [Nh] PMID:19049424 PMID:34142795 PMID:34917588 PMID:36149319 PMID:9913354 Wikipedia:Nihonium chebi_ontology 113Nh E113 Nh Uut eka-thallium element 113 ununtrium CHEBI:194533 nihonium atom PMID:19049424 Europe PMC PMID:34142795 Europe PMC PMID:34917588 Europe PMC PMID:36149319 Europe PMC PMID:9913354 Europe PMC 113Nh ChEBI E113 ChEBI Nh ChEBI Uut ChEBI eka-thallium ChEBI element 113 ChEBI ununtrium ChEBI A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115. 0 Mc InChI=1S/Mc QDXZEHQJHSHEQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 289.000 289.00000 [Mc] PMID:24074079 PMID:34142795 Wikipedia:Moscovium chebi_ontology 115Mc E115 Mc Uup eka-bismuth element 115 ununpentium CHEBI:194535 moscovium atom PMID:24074079 Europe PMC PMID:34142795 Europe PMC 115Mc ChEBI E115 ChEBI Mc ChEBI Uup ChEBI eka-bismuth ChEBI element 115 ChEBI ununpentium ChEBI A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116. 0 Lv InChI=1S/Lv ONFASNXETZOODS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 293.000 293.00000 [Lv] PMID:17381195 PMID:27554416 Wikipedia:Livermorium chebi_ontology 116Lv E116 Lv Uuh eka-polonium element 116 ununhexium CHEBI:194537 livermorium atom PMID:17381195 Europe PMC PMID:27554416 Europe PMC 116Lv ChEBI E116 ChEBI Lv ChEBI Uuh ChEBI eka-polonium ChEBI element 116 ChEBI ununhexium ChEBI A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117. 0 Ts InChI=1S/Ts INMSAURDCVBGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 293.000 293.00000 [Ts] PMID:16483205 PMID:19367904 PMID:20395479 PMID:23090670 Wikipedia:Tennessine chebi_ontology 117Ts E117 Ts Uus eka-astatine element 117 ununseptium CHEBI:194539 tennessine atom PMID:16483205 Europe PMC PMID:19367904 Europe PMC PMID:20395479 Europe PMC PMID:23090670 Europe PMC 117Ts ChEBI E117 ChEBI Ts ChEBI Uus ChEBI eka-astatine ChEBI element 117 ChEBI ununseptium ChEBI A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118. 0 InChI=1S/Og GOANEQIZDYDFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 294.000 294.00000 [Og] PMID:10062781 PMID:11486061 PMID:19045133 PMID:23913741 PMID:36859080 Wikipedia:Oganesson chebi_ontology 118Og E118 Og Uuo eka-emanation eka-radon element 118 ununoctium CHEBI:194541 oganesson atom PMID:10062781 Europe PMC PMID:11486061 Europe PMC PMID:19045133 Europe PMC PMID:23913741 Europe PMC PMID:36859080 Europe PMC 118Og ChEBI E118 ChEBI Og ChEBI Uuo ChEBI eka-emanation ChEBI eka-radon ChEBI element 118 ChEBI ununoctium ChEBI Beilstein:2048472 5beta-cholane chebi_ontology CHEBI:20664 5beta-cholane Beilstein:2048472 Beilstein 5beta-cholane IUPAC An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl chebi_ontology acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle CHEBI:22221 acyl group acyl group IUPAC alkanoyl IUPAC acyl groups ChEBI alkanoyl group ChEBI groupe acyle IUPAC alkaline earth metals chebi_ontology Erdalkalimetall Erdalkalimetalle alkaline earth metal alkaline-earth metal alkaline-earth metals metal alcalino-terreux metal alcalinoterreo metales alcalinoterreos metaux alcalino-terreux CHEBI:22313 alkaline earth metal atom alkaline earth metals IUPAC Erdalkalimetall ChEBI Erdalkalimetalle ChEBI alkaline earth metal ChEBI alkaline-earth metal ChEBI alkaline-earth metals ChEBI metal alcalino-terreux ChEBI metal alcalinoterreo ChEBI metales alcalinoterreos ChEBI metaux alcalino-terreux ChEBI alkali metals chebi_ontology Alkalimetall Alkalimetalle alkali metal metal alcalin metal alcalino metales alcalinos metaux alcalins CHEBI:22314 alkali metal atom alkali metals IUPAC Alkalimetall ChEBI Alkalimetalle ChEBI alkali metal ChEBI metal alcalin ChEBI metal alcalino ChEBI metales alcalinos ChEBI metaux alcalins ChEBI Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. Wikipedia:Alkaloid Alkaloid alkaloids chebi_ontology Alkaloide alcaloide alcaloides CHEBI:22315 alkaloid Alkaloid ChEBI alkaloids IUPAC Alkaloide ChEBI alcaloide ChEBI alcaloides ChEBI chebi_ontology aminoglycans CHEBI:22506 aminoglycan aminoglycans ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion chebi_ontology Anionen aniones anions CHEBI:22563 anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI anion IUPAC Anionen ChEBI aniones ChEBI anions IUPAC A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. chebi_ontology antioxidants antioxydant antoxidant CHEBI:22586 antioxidant antioxidants ChEBI antioxydant ChEBI antoxidant ChEBI A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base chebi_ontology Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases CHEBI:22695 base Base ChEBI base ChEBI base IUPAC Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI chebi_ontology benzopyrroles CHEBI:22728 benzopyrrole benzopyrroles ChEBI Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the delta chemical shift scale. Any compound that produces a peak used to reference an NMR spectrum during data pre-processing. chebi_ontology NMR chemical shift reference compounds NMR chemical shift standard NMR chemical shift standards NMR internal standard NMR internal standards NMR reference standard NMR reference standards CHEBI:228364 NMR chemical shift reference compound NMR chemical shift reference compounds ChEBI NMR chemical shift standard ChEBI NMR chemical shift standards ChEBI NMR internal standard ChEBI NMR internal standards ChEBI NMR reference standard ChEBI NMR reference standards ChEBI A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine. KEGG:C01558 chebi_ontology Bile acid bile salts CHEBI:22868 bile salt Bile acid KEGG_COMPOUND bile salts ChEBI 0 Br InChI=1S/Br WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 79.90400 78.91834 [Br] WebElements:Br bromine chebi_ontology 35Br Br Brom brome bromine bromo bromum CHEBI:22927 bromine atom bromine IUPAC 35Br IUPAC Br ChEBI Brom ChEBI brome ChEBI bromine ChEBI bromo ChEBI bromum ChEBI 0 Cd InChI=1S/Cd BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 112.41100 113.90336 [Cd] CAS:7440-43-9 KEGG:C01413 WebElements:Cd cadmium chebi_ontology 48Cd Cd Kadmium cadmio cadmium CHEBI:22977 cadmium atom CAS:7440-43-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-43-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-43-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook cadmium IUPAC 48Cd IUPAC Cd IUPAC Kadmium NIST_Chemistry_WebBook cadmio ChEBI cadmium ChEBI 0 Ca InChI=1S/Ca OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 40.07800 39.96259 [Ca] CAS:7440-70-2 DrugBank:DB01373 KEGG:C00076 WebElements:Ca calcium chebi_ontology 20Ca Ca Calcium Kalzium calcio calcium CHEBI:22984 calcium atom CAS:7440-70-2 ChemIDplus calcium IUPAC 20Ca IUPAC Ca IUPAC Ca UniProt Calcium KEGG_COMPOUND Kalzium ChEBI calcio ChEBI calcium ChEBI The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. 0 CH2NO 44.03272 44.01364 *C(N)=O PMID:24168430 carbamoyl chebi_ontology -C(O)NH2 -CONH2 aminocarbonyl carbamyl carbamyl group carboxamide CHEBI:23004 carbamoyl group PMID:24168430 Europe PMC carbamoyl IUPAC -C(O)NH2 ChEBI -CONH2 IUPAC aminocarbonyl IUPAC carbamyl ChEBI carbamyl group ChEBI carboxamide IUPAC carbon oxide 0 CO 28.01010 27.99491 O=C(*)* carbonyl carbonyl group chebi_ontology >C=O CHEBI:23019 carbonyl group carbonyl IUPAC carbonyl group ChEBI carbonyl group UniProt >C=O IUPAC chloride salt 0 Cl InChI=1S/Cl ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 35.45270 34.96885 [Cl] WebElements:Cl chlorine chebi_ontology 17Cl Chlor Cl chlore chlorine chlorum cloro CHEBI:23116 chlorine atom chlorine IUPAC 17Cl IUPAC Chlor ChEBI Cl IUPAC chlore ChEBI chlorine ChEBI chlorum ChEBI cloro ChEBI chlorine molecular entity An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). Wikipedia:Cofactor_(biochemistry) cofactor cofactors chebi_ontology CHEBI:23357 cofactor cofactor IUPAC cofactors IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI chebi_ontology Cyclopeptid Zyklopeptid cyclic peptides peptide cyclique peptido ciclico CHEBI:23449 cyclic peptide Cyclopeptid ChEBI Zyklopeptid ChEBI cyclic peptides ChEBI peptide cyclique IUPAC peptido ciclico IUPAC Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. chebi_ontology drugs medicine CHEBI:23888 drug drugs ChEBI medicine ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic cations CHEBI:23906 monoatomic cation monoatomic cations ChEBI A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor chebi_ontology enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitor IUPAC enzyme inhibitors ChEBI inhibidor enzimatico ChEBI inhibidores enzimaticos ChEBI inhibiteur enzymatique ChEBI inhibiteurs enzymatiques ChEBI 0 F InChI=1S/F YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18.99840 18.99840 [F] CAS:7782-41-4 WebElements:F fluorine chebi_ontology 9F F Fluor fluor fluorine fluorum CHEBI:24061 fluorine atom CAS:7782-41-4 ChemIDplus fluorine IUPAC 9F IUPAC F IUPAC Fluor ChemIDplus fluor ChEBI fluorine ChEBI fluorum ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:24384 glycogens A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group chebi_ontology Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos CHEBI:24433 group group IUPAC Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC halogen molecular entity halogen halogens chebi_ontology Halogene group 17 elements group VII elements halogene halogenes halogeno halogenos CHEBI:24473 halogen halogen IUPAC halogens IUPAC Halogene ChEBI group 17 elements ChEBI group VII elements ChEBI halogene ChEBI halogenes ChEBI halogeno ChEBI halogenos ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. chebi_ontology organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound organic heterocycle ChEBI organic heterocyclic compounds ChEBI A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond. heterodetic cyclic peptide chebi_ontology heterodetic cyclic peptides peptide cyclique heterodetique peptido ciclico heterodetico CHEBI:24533 heterodetic cyclic peptide heterodetic cyclic peptide IUPAC heterodetic cyclic peptides ChEBI peptide cyclique heterodetique IUPAC peptido ciclico heterodetico IUPAC Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. chebi_ontology endocrine hormones CHEBI:24621 hormone endocrine ChEBI hormones ChEBI Nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.007276470(12) u. +1 [1H] InChI=1S/p+1/i/hH GPRLSGONYQIRFK-FTGQXOHASA-N 1.007 1.00728 [1H+] CAS:12408-02-5 KEGG:C00080 protium(1+) proton chebi_ontology (1)1H(+) (1)H(+) p p(+) CHEBI:24636 proton CAS:12408-02-5 ChemIDplus CAS:12408-02-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook protium(1+) IUPAC proton ChEBI proton IUPAC (1)1H(+) IUPAC (1)H(+) IUPAC p IUPAC p(+) IUPAC Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides Any member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position. chebi_ontology hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids CHEBI:24663 hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids ChEBI Any compound containing an indole skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:24828 indoles A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids chebi_ontology oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids CHEBI:24833 oxoacid oxoacid IUPAC oxoacids IUPAC oxacids ChEBI oxiacids ChEBI oxo acid ChEBI oxy-acids ChEBI oxyacids ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic anions CHEBI:24834 inorganic anion inorganic anions ChEBI A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic oxides CHEBI:24836 inorganic oxide inorganic oxides ChEBI inorganic salt Chemical element with atomic number 53. 0 I InChI=1S/I ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 126.90447 126.90447 [I] WebElements:I iodine chebi_ontology 53I I Iod J Jod iode iodine iodium yodo CHEBI:24859 iodine atom iodine IUPAC 53I IUPAC I ChEBI Iod ChEBI J ChEBI Jod ChEBI iode ChEBI iodine ChEBI iodium ChEBI yodo ChEBI A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt chebi_ontology Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels CHEBI:24866 salt salt IUPAC Salz ChEBI Salze ChEBI ionic compound ChEBI ionic compounds ChEBI sal ChEBI sales ChEBI salts ChEBI sel ChEBI sels ChEBI chebi_ontology monoatomic ions CHEBI:24867 monoatomic ion monoatomic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology organic salts organisches Salz CHEBI:24868 organic salt organic salts ChEBI organisches Salz ChEBI A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion chebi_ontology Ionen iones ions CHEBI:24870 ion Ion ChEBI ion ChEBI ion IUPAC Ionen ChEBI iones ChEBI ions ChEBI iron molecular entity 0 Pb InChI=1S/Pb WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207.20000 207.97665 [Pb] KEGG:C06696 WebElements:Pb lead chebi_ontology 82Pb Blei Pb lead plomb plomo plumbum CHEBI:25016 lead atom lead IUPAC 82Pb IUPAC Blei ChEBI Pb IUPAC lead ChEBI plomb ChEBI plomo ChEBI plumbum IUPAC chebi_ontology CHEBI:25046 linear tetrapyrrole 0 Mg InChI=1S/Mg FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 24.30500 23.98504 [Mg] CAS:7439-95-4 DrugBank:DB01378 Gmelin:16207 KEGG:C00305 WebElements:Mg magnesium chebi_ontology 12Mg Magnesium Mg magnesio magnesium CHEBI:25107 magnesium atom CAS:7439-95-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:16207 Gmelin magnesium IUPAC 12Mg IUPAC Magnesium ChEBI Mg IUPAC Mg UniProt magnesio ChEBI magnesium ChEBI 0 Hg InChI=1S/Hg QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 200.59000 201.97064 [Hg] CAS:7439-97-6 WebElements:Hg mercury chebi_ontology 80Hg Hg Quecksilber azogue hydrargyrum liquid silver mercure mercurio mercury quicksilver CHEBI:25195 mercury atom CAS:7439-97-6 ChemIDplus mercury IUPAC 80Hg IUPAC Hg IUPAC Quecksilber ChemIDplus azogue ChEBI hydrargyrum IUPAC liquid silver ChemIDplus mercure ChemIDplus mercurio ChEBI mercury ChEBI quicksilver ChemIDplus Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:26619 CHEBI:35220 metabolite chebi_ontology metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites CHEBI:25212 metabolite metabolite IUPAC metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI chebi_ontology a metal cation metal cations CHEBI:25213 metal cation a metal cation UniProt metal cations ChEBI A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules CHEBI:25362 elemental molecule homoatomic molecule ChEBI homoatomic molecules ChEBI Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. chebi_ontology monamines monoamines CHEBI:25375 monoamine molecular messenger monamines ChEBI monoamines ChEBI An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. chebi_ontology monocarboxylic acids CHEBI:25384 monocarboxylic acid monocarboxylic acids ChEBI +1 0.00000 [*+] chebi_ontology monoatomic monocations monovalent inorganic cations CHEBI:25414 monoatomic monocation monoatomic monocations ChEBI monovalent inorganic cations ChEBI An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. Wikipedia:Neurotransmitter chebi_ontology neurotransmitters CHEBI:25512 neurotransmitter neurotransmitters ChEBI 0 N 14.007 14.00307 WebElements:N nitrogen chebi_ontology 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom nitrogen IUPAC 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI nonmetal chebi_ontology Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom nonmetal IUPAC Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI Any organic ion with a net negative charge. chebi_ontology organic anions CHEBI:25696 organic anion organic anions ChEBI Any organic ion with a net positive charge. chebi_ontology organic cations CHEBI:25697 organic cation organic cations ChEBI chebi_ontology organic ions CHEBI:25699 organic ion organic ions ChEBI organic oxide Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group chebi_ontology organic sulfates CHEBI:25704 organic sulfate organic sulfates ChEBI An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide chebi_ontology oxides CHEBI:25741 oxide oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI 0 O InChI=1S/O QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.99940 15.99491 [O] KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O oxygen chebi_ontology 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom oxygen IUPAC 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine. chebi_ontology peptide hormones polypeptide hormone CHEBI:25905 peptide hormone peptide hormones ChEBI polypeptide hormone ChEBI 0 K InChI=1S/K ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 39.09830 38.96371 [K] CAS:7440-09-7 DrugBank:DB01345 KEGG:C00238 WebElements:K potassium chebi_ontology 19K K Kalium kalium potasio potassium CHEBI:26216 potassium atom CAS:7440-09-7 ChemIDplus potassium IUPAC 19K IUPAC K IUPAC Kalium ChemIDplus kalium IUPAC potasio ChEBI potassium ChEBI 0 Na InChI=1S/Na KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22.98977 22.98977 [Na] CAS:7440-23-5 Gmelin:16221 KEGG:C01330 WebElements:Na sodium chebi_ontology 11Na Na Natrium natrium sodio sodium CHEBI:26708 sodium atom CAS:7440-23-5 ChemIDplus Gmelin:16221 Gmelin sodium IUPAC 11Na IUPAC Na IUPAC Natrium ChemIDplus natrium IUPAC sodio ChemIDplus sodium ChEBI sodium chloride chebi_ontology sodium compounds sodium molecular entities CHEBI:26712 sodium molecular entity sodium compounds ChEBI sodium molecular entities ChEBI Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. chebi_ontology Natriumsalz Natriumsalze sodium salts CHEBI:26714 sodium salt Natriumsalz ChEBI Natriumsalze ChEBI sodium salts ChEBI Any steroid that acts as hormone. chebi_ontology Steroidhormon Steroidhormone hormona esteroide hormonas esteroideas hormone steroide hormones steroides steroid hormones CHEBI:26764 steroid hormone Steroidhormon ChEBI Steroidhormone ChEBI hormona esteroide ChEBI hormonas esteroideas ChEBI hormone steroide ChEBI hormones steroides ChEBI steroid hormones ChEBI An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid. chebi_ontology sulfate ester sulfuric acid ester sulfuric acid esters CHEBI:26819 sulfuric ester sulfate ester ChEBI sulfuric acid ester ChEBI sulfuric acid esters ChEBI Salts and esters of sulfuric acid sulfates chebi_ontology sulfuric acid derivative sulphates CHEBI:26820 sulfates sulfates ChEBI sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI sulphates ChEBI 0 S InChI=1S/S NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32.06600 31.97207 [S] CAS:7704-34-9 KEGG:C00087 KEGG:D06527 PPDB:605 WebElements:S sulfur chebi_ontology 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion CHEBI:26833 sulfur atom CAS:7704-34-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7704-34-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook sulfur IUPAC 16S IUPAC Elemental sulfur KEGG_COMPOUND S IUPAC S KEGG_COMPOUND Schwefel ChEBI azufre ChEBI soufre ChEBI sulfur ChEBI sulfur UniProt sulphur ChEBI theion IUPAC sulfur molecular entity chebi_ontology sulfur molecular entities CHEBI:26835 sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entity ChEBI sulfur molecular entities ChEBI A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. CAS:7664-93-9 Gmelin:2122 KEGG:C00059 KEGG:D05963 KNApSAcK:C00007530 MolBase:4 PMID:13568755 PMID:16122922 PMID:19397353 PMID:22047659 PMID:22136045 PMID:22204399 PMID:22267186 PMID:22296037 PMID:22364556 PMID:22435616 PPDB:606 Reaxys:2037554 Wikipedia:Sulfuric_acid Sulfuric acid dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate dihydroxidodioxidosulfur hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) sulfuric acid tetraoxosulfuric acid chebi_ontology Acide sulfurique Acido sulfurico Acidum sulfuricum H2SO4 Schwefelsaeureloesungen [S(OH)2O2] [SO2(OH)2] sulphuric acid CHEBI:26836 sulfuric acid CAS:7664-93-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7664-93-9 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7664-93-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:2122 Gmelin PMID:13568755 Europe PMC PMID:16122922 Europe PMC PMID:19397353 Europe PMC PMID:22047659 Europe PMC PMID:22136045 Europe PMC PMID:22204399 Europe PMC PMID:22267186 Europe PMC PMID:22296037 Europe PMC PMID:22364556 Europe PMC PMID:22435616 Europe PMC Reaxys:2037554 Reaxys Sulfuric acid KEGG_COMPOUND dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate IUPAC dihydroxidodioxidosulfur IUPAC hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) IUPAC hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC sulfuric acid ChEBI sulfuric acid IUPAC tetraoxosulfuric acid IUPAC Acide sulfurique ChemIDplus Acido sulfurico ChemIDplus Acidum sulfuricum ChemIDplus H2SO4 IUPAC Schwefelsaeureloesungen ChemIDplus [S(OH)2O2] MolBase [SO2(OH)2] IUPAC sulphuric acid MolBase A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. tetrapyrrole tetrapyrroles chebi_ontology a tetrapyrrole CHEBI:26932 tetrapyrrole tetrapyrrole IUPAC tetrapyrroles IUPAC a tetrapyrrole UniProt 0 Sn InChI=1S/Sn ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 118.71000 119.90220 [Sn] CAS:7440-31-5 UM-BBD_compID:c0585 WebElements:Sn tin chebi_ontology 50Sn Sn Zinn estano etain stannum tin CHEBI:27007 tin atom CAS:7440-31-5 ChemIDplus UM-BBD_compID:c0585 UM-BBD tin IUPAC 50Sn IUPAC Sn IUPAC Zinn ChemIDplus estano ChEBI etain ChEBI stannum IUPAC tin ChEBI Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Wikipedia:Micronutrient chebi_ontology micronutrients trace elements CHEBI:27027 micronutrient micronutrients ChEBI trace elements ChEBI An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element chebi_ontology Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals CHEBI:27081 transition element atom transition element IUPAC Uebergangselement ChEBI Uebergangsmetalle ChEBI metal de transicion ChEBI metal de transition ChEBI metales de transicion ChEBI metaux de transition ChEBI transition element ChEBI transition elements ChEBI transition metal ChEBI transition metals ChEBI Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. chebi_ontology CHEBI:27162 tryptamines chebi_ontology heterobicyclic compounds organic heterobicyclic compounds CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI organic heterobicyclic compounds ChEBI A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. chebi_ontology univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:27207 univalent carboacyl group univalent acyl group ChEBI univalent carboacyl groups ChEBI univalent carboxylic acyl groups ChEBI 0 U InChI=1S/U JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 238.02890 238.05079 [U] CAS:7440-61-1 WebElements:U uranium chebi_ontology 92U U Uran uranio uranium CHEBI:27214 uranium atom CAS:7440-61-1 ChemIDplus uranium IUPAC 92U IUPAC U IUPAC Uran ChEBI uranio ChEBI uranium ChEBI 0 Zn InChI=1S/Zn HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 65.39000 63.92914 [Zn] CAS:7440-66-6 Gmelin:16321 KEGG:C00038 PDBeChem:ZN WebElements:Zn zinc chebi_ontology 30Zn Zink Zn Zn(II) Zn2+ cinc zinc zincum CHEBI:27363 zinc atom CAS:7440-66-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-66-6 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16321 Gmelin zinc IUPAC 30Zn IUPAC Zink ChEBI Zn IUPAC Zn(II) KEGG_COMPOUND Zn2+ KEGG_COMPOUND cinc ChEBI zinc ChEBI zincum ChEBI A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). zwitterion zwitterions chebi_ontology compose zwitterionique compuestos zwitterionicos zwitteriones zwitterionic compounds CHEBI:27369 zwitterion zwitterion IUPAC zwitterions IUPAC compose zwitterionique IUPAC compuestos zwitterionicos IUPAC zwitteriones IUPAC zwitterionic compounds IUPAC 0 B InChI=1S/B ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10.81100 11.00930 [B] CHEBI:22915 CHEBI:3152 CAS:7440-42-8 KEGG:C06266 WebElements:B boron chebi_ontology 5B B Bor Boron boracium bore boro boron CHEBI:27560 boron atom CAS:7440-42-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-42-8 KEGG COMPOUND boron IUPAC 5B IUPAC B KEGG_COMPOUND Bor ChEBI Boron KEGG_COMPOUND boracium ChEBI bore ChEBI boro ChEBI boron ChEBI 0 As InChI=1S/As RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 74.92160 74.92159 [As] CHEBI:22630 CHEBI:2845 CAS:7440-38-2 KEGG:C06269 WebElements:As arsenic chebi_ontology 33As Arsen Arsenic As arsenic arsenico arsenicum CHEBI:27563 arsenic atom CAS:7440-38-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-38-2 KEGG COMPOUND arsenic IUPAC 33As IUPAC Arsen ChemIDplus Arsenic KEGG_COMPOUND As KEGG_COMPOUND arsenic ChEBI arsenico ChEBI arsenicum ChEBI 0 Se InChI=1S/Se BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 78.96000 79.91652 [Se] CHEBI:26627 CHEBI:9091 CAS:7782-49-2 DrugBank:DB11135 FooDB:FDB013400 HMDB:HMDB0001349 KEGG:C01529 WebElements:Se Wikipedia:Selenium selenium chebi_ontology 34Se Se Selen Selenium selenio selenium CHEBI:27568 selenium atom CAS:7782-49-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7782-49-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook selenium IUPAC 34Se IUPAC Se IUPAC Selen ChemIDplus Selenium KEGG_COMPOUND selenio ChEBI selenium ChEBI 0 Si InChI=1S/Si XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 28.08550 27.97693 [Si] CHEBI:26676 CHEBI:9140 CAS:7440-21-3 KEGG:C06263 WebElements:Si silicon chebi_ontology 14Si Si Silicon Silizium silicio silicium silicon CHEBI:27573 silicon atom CAS:7440-21-3 ChemIDplus silicon IUPAC 14Si IUPAC Si IUPAC Si KEGG_COMPOUND Silicon KEGG_COMPOUND Silizium ChEBI silicio ChEBI silicium ChEBI silicon ChEBI 0 C InChI=1S/C OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12.01070 12.00000 [C] CHEBI:23009 CHEBI:3399 CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C carbon chebi_ontology 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono CHEBI:27594 carbon atom CAS:7440-44-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-44-0 KEGG COMPOUND carbon IUPAC 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. 0 Co InChI=1S/Co GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 58.93320 58.93319 [Co] CHEBI:23335 CHEBI:3788 CAS:7440-48-4 KEGG:C00175 KEGG:C19171 PDBeChem:3CO WebElements:Co cobalt chebi_ontology 27Co Co Cobalt Kobalt cobalt cobalto cobaltum CHEBI:27638 cobalt atom CAS:7440-48-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-48-4 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-48-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook cobalt IUPAC 27Co IUPAC Co IUPAC Co UniProt Cobalt KEGG_COMPOUND Kobalt NIST_Chemistry_WebBook cobalt ChEBI cobalto ChEBI cobaltum ChEBI 0 V InChI=1S/V LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 50.94150 50.94396 [V] CHEBI:27274 CHEBI:9930 CAS:7440-62-2 KEGG:C06267 WebElements:V vanadium chebi_ontology 23V V Vanadium vanadio vanadium CHEBI:27698 vanadium atom CAS:7440-62-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-62-2 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-62-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook vanadium IUPAC 23V IUPAC V IUPAC V KEGG_COMPOUND Vanadium KEGG_COMPOUND vanadio ChEBI vanadium ChEBI 0 W InChI=1S/W WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 183.84000 183.95093 [W] CHEBI:27170 CHEBI:9779 CAS:7440-33-7 Gmelin:16317 KEGG:C00753 PDBeChem:W WebElements:W Tungsten tungsten wolfram chebi_ontology 74W W Wolfram tungsten atom tungstene tungsteno volframio wolframio wolframium CHEBI:27998 tungsten CAS:7440-33-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-33-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-33-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16317 Gmelin Tungsten KEGG_COMPOUND tungsten IUPAC wolfram IUPAC 74W IUPAC W IUPAC W UniProt Wolfram NIST_Chemistry_WebBook tungsten atom ChEBI tungstene ChEBI tungsteno ChEBI volframio ChEBI wolframio ChEBI wolframium ChEBI A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. 0 Cr InChI=1S/Cr VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 51.99610 51.94051 [Cr] CHEBI:23235 CHEBI:3678 CAS:7440-47-3 KEGG:C06268 WebElements:Cr chromium chebi_ontology 24Cr Chrom Chromium Cr chrome chromium cromo CHEBI:28073 chromium atom CAS:7440-47-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-47-3 KEGG COMPOUND chromium IUPAC 24Cr IUPAC Chrom ChemIDplus Chromium KEGG_COMPOUND Cr IUPAC Cr KEGG_COMPOUND chrome ChEBI chromium ChEBI cromo ChEBI A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. CHEBI:24379 CHEBI:5466 CAS:9005-79-2 GlyGen:G99991IU GlyTouCan:G99991IU HMDB:HMDB0000757 KEGG:C00182 MetaCyc:CPD0-971 Wikipedia:Glycogen Glycogen chebi_ontology WURCS=2.0/1,4,3/[a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-1-1/a4-b1_b4-c1_b6-d1 animal starch liver starch CHEBI:28087 glycogen CAS:9005-79-2 ChemIDplus CAS:9005-79-2 KEGG COMPOUND Glycogen KEGG_COMPOUND WURCS=2.0/1,4,3/[a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-1-1/a4-b1_b4-c1_b6-d1 GlyTouCan animal starch ChemIDplus liver starch ChemIDplus Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. 0 Ni InChI=1S/Ni PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 58.69340 57.93534 [Ni] CHEBI:25515 CHEBI:7552 CAS:7440-02-0 Gmelin:16229 KEGG:C00291 PMID:12756270 PMID:14634084 PMID:14734778 PMID:15165199 PMID:19828094 PMID:20477134 PMID:22762130 PMID:23142754 PMID:23317102 PMID:23692032 PMID:23692035 PMID:23723488 PMID:23834453 PMID:23857010 PMID:23895079 PMID:23909687 PMID:9060994 PMID:9886425 Reaxys:4122946 WebElements:Ni Wikipedia:Nickel nickel chebi_ontology 28Ni Ni Nickel Raney alloy niccolum nickel niquel CHEBI:28112 nickel atom CAS:7440-02-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-02-0 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-02-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16229 Gmelin PMID:12756270 Europe PMC PMID:14634084 Europe PMC PMID:14734778 Europe PMC PMID:15165199 Europe PMC PMID:19828094 Europe PMC PMID:20477134 Europe PMC PMID:22762130 Europe PMC PMID:23142754 Europe PMC PMID:23317102 Europe PMC PMID:23692032 Europe PMC PMID:23692035 Europe PMC PMID:23723488 Europe PMC PMID:23834453 Europe PMC PMID:23857010 Europe PMC PMID:23895079 Europe PMC PMID:23909687 Europe PMC PMID:9060994 Europe PMC PMID:9886425 Europe PMC Reaxys:4122946 Reaxys nickel IUPAC 28Ni IUPAC Ni IUPAC Ni UniProt Nickel ChEBI Raney alloy ChemIDplus niccolum ChEBI nickel ChEBI niquel ChEBI A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. 0 CH3NO2 InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4) KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 61.04006 61.01638 NC(O)=O CHEBI:22504 CHEBI:23002 CHEBI:3386 CHEBI:44573 Beilstein:1734754 CAS:463-77-4 DrugBank:DB04261 Gmelin:130345 KEGG:C01563 PDBeChem:OUT Wikipedia:Carbamic_acid CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid carbamic acid chebi_ontology Aminoameisensaeure Aminoformic acid Carbamate Carbamidsaeure CHEBI:28616 carbamic acid Beilstein:1734754 Beilstein CAS:463-77-4 ChemIDplus CAS:463-77-4 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:130345 Gmelin CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbamic acid IUPAC Aminoameisensaeure ChEBI Aminoformic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamidsaeure ChEBI 0 P InChI=1S/P OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 30.97376 30.97376 [P] CHEBI:26080 CHEBI:8168 CAS:7723-14-0 Gmelin:16235 KEGG:C06262 WebElements:P phosphorus chebi_ontology 15P P Phosphor Phosphorus fosforo phosphore phosphorus CHEBI:28659 phosphorus atom CAS:7723-14-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7723-14-0 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16235 Gmelin phosphorus IUPAC 15P IUPAC P IUPAC P KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphor ChEBI Phosphorus KEGG_COMPOUND fosforo ChEBI phosphore ChEBI phosphorus ChEBI 0 Mo InChI=1S/Mo ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 95.94000 97.90541 [Mo] CHEBI:25369 CHEBI:49750 CHEBI:6968 CAS:7439-98-7 Gmelin:16205 KEGG:C00150 WebElements:Mo molybdenum chebi_ontology 42Mo Mo Molybdaen Molybdenum molibdeno molybdene molybdenum CHEBI:28685 molybdenum atom CAS:7439-98-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-98-7 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7439-98-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16205 Gmelin molybdenum IUPAC 42Mo IUPAC Mo IUPAC Mo UniProt Molybdaen ChEBI Molybdenum KEGG_COMPOUND molibdeno ChEBI molybdene ChEBI molybdenum ChEBI 0 Cu InChI=1S/Cu RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 63.54600 62.92960 [Cu] CHEBI:23376 CHEBI:3874 CAS:7440-50-8 Gmelin:16269 KEGG:C00070 WebElements:Cu copper chebi_ontology 29Cu Copper Cu Kupfer cobre copper cuivre cuprum CHEBI:28694 copper atom CAS:7440-50-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-50-8 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16269 Gmelin copper IUPAC 29Cu IUPAC Copper KEGG_COMPOUND Cu ChEBI Cu IUPAC Kupfer ChEBI cobre ChEBI copper ChEBI cuivre ChEBI cuprum IUPAC A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. CHEBI:1420 CHEBI:26652 CHEBI:49894 CAS:50-67-9 Gmelin:1861995 HMDB:HMDB0000259 KEGG:C00780 KNApSAcK:C00001429 LINCS:LSM-6589 MetaCyc:SEROTONIN PDBeChem:SRO PMID:18593914 PMID:22770225 PMID:24136337 Reaxys:143524 Wikipedia:Serotonin 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol SEROTONIN Serotonin chebi_ontology 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol 5-HT 5-Hydroxytryptamine Enteramine serotonine thrombocytin thrombotonin CHEBI:28790 serotonin CAS:50-67-9 ChemIDplus CAS:50-67-9 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:1861995 Gmelin PMID:18593914 Europe PMC PMID:22770225 Europe PMC PMID:24136337 Europe PMC Reaxys:143524 Reaxys 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol IUPAC SEROTONIN PDBeChem Serotonin KEGG_COMPOUND 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol KEGG_COMPOUND 5-HT IUPHAR 5-Hydroxytryptamine KEGG_COMPOUND Enteramine KEGG_COMPOUND serotonine ChEBI thrombocytin ChemIDplus thrombotonin ChemIDplus An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. +1 H4N InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1 QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 18.03850 18.03383 [H][N+]([H])([H])[H] CHEBI:22534 CHEBI:49783 CHEBI:7435 CAS:14798-03-9 Gmelin:84 KEGG:C01342 MetaCyc:AMMONIUM MolBase:929 PDBeChem:NH4 PMID:11319011 PMID:11341317 PMID:12096804 PMID:14512268 PMID:14879753 PMID:16345391 PMID:16903292 PMID:17392693 PMID:18515490 PMID:19199063 PMID:19596600 PMID:19682559 PMID:19716251 PMID:21993530 PMID:22265469 PMID:22524020 PMID:22562341 PMID:22631217 Reaxys:16093784 Wikipedia:Ammonium ammonium azanium chebi_ontology Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion CHEBI:28938 ammonium CAS:14798-03-9 ChemIDplus CAS:14798-03-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:84 Gmelin PMID:11319011 Europe PMC PMID:11341317 Europe PMC PMID:12096804 Europe PMC PMID:14512268 Europe PMC PMID:14879753 Europe PMC PMID:16345391 Europe PMC PMID:16903292 Europe PMC PMID:17392693 Europe PMC PMID:18515490 Europe PMC PMID:19199063 Europe PMC PMID:19596600 Europe PMC PMID:19682559 Europe PMC PMID:19716251 Europe PMC PMID:21993530 Europe PMC PMID:22265469 Europe PMC PMID:22524020 Europe PMC PMID:22562341 Europe PMC PMID:22631217 Europe PMC Reaxys:16093784 Reaxys ammonium ChEBI ammonium IUPAC azanium IUPAC Ammonium(1+) ChemIDplus NH4(+) IUPAC NH4(+) UniProt NH4+ KEGG_COMPOUND [NH4](+) MolBase ammonium cation ChemIDplus ammonium ion PDBeChem A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid. CHEBI:13632 CHEBI:23688 CHEBI:23689 CHEBI:38711 dicarboxylic acid dianion chebi_ontology a dicarboxylate dicarboxylate dicarboxylates dicarboxylic acid dianions CHEBI:28965 dicarboxylic acid dianion dicarboxylic acid dianion ChEBI a dicarboxylate UniProt dicarboxylate ChEBI dicarboxylates ChEBI dicarboxylic acid dianions ChEBI CHEBI:13351 CHEBI:23017 CHEBI:23744 CHEBI:3401 CAS:463-79-6 Gmelin:25554 KEGG:C01353 PDBeChem:CO3 Carbonic acid carbonic acid dihydroxidooxidocarbon chebi_ontology Dihydrogen carbonate H2CO3 Koehlensaeure [CO(OH)2] CHEBI:28976 carbonic acid CAS:463-79-6 ChemIDplus CAS:463-79-6 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:25554 Gmelin Carbonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbonic acid IUPAC dihydroxidooxidocarbon IUPAC Dihydrogen carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND H2CO3 IUPAC H2CO3 KEGG_COMPOUND Koehlensaeure ChEBI [CO(OH)2] IUPAC 0 Al InChI=1S/Al XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 26.98154 26.98154 [Al] CHEBI:22471 CHEBI:2616 CAS:7429-90-5 DrugBank:DB01370 Gmelin:16248 KEGG:C06264 WebElements:Al aluminium chebi_ontology 13Al Al Aluminium aluminio aluminium aluminum CHEBI:28984 aluminium atom CAS:7429-90-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7429-90-5 KEGG COMPOUND Gmelin:16248 Gmelin aluminium IUPAC 13Al IUPAC Al IUPAC Al KEGG_COMPOUND Aluminium ChEBI Aluminium KEGG_COMPOUND aluminio ChEBI aluminium ChEBI aluminum NIST_Chemistry_WebBook The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. -1 CO2R 44.00950 43.98983 [O-]C([*])=O CHEBI:13626 CHEBI:13945 CHEBI:23026 CHEBI:58657 chebi_ontology a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion a carboxylate UniProt carboxylic acid anions ChEBI carboxylic anions ChEBI A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. CHEBI:26717 CHEBI:49766 CHEBI:9175 CAS:17341-25-2 Gmelin:15196 KEGG:C01330 PDBeChem:NA sodium cation sodium(1+) sodium(1+) ion sodium(I) cation chebi_ontology Na(+) Na+ SODIUM ION CHEBI:29101 sodium(1+) CAS:17341-25-2 ChemIDplus CAS:17341-25-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:15196 Gmelin sodium cation IUPAC sodium(1+) IUPAC sodium(1+) ion IUPAC sodium(I) cation IUPAC Na(+) IUPAC Na(+) UniProt Na+ KEGG_COMPOUND SODIUM ION PDBeChem The stable isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 1.007825 and a natural abundance of 99.9885 atom percent (from Greek pirhoomegatauomicronsigma, first). 0 [1H] InChI=1S/H/i1+0 YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 1.008 1.00783 [1H] protium chebi_ontology (1)1H (1)H hydrogen-1 protio protium CHEBI:29236 protium atom protium IUPAC (1)1H IUPAC (1)H IUPAC hydrogen-1 ChEBI protio ChEBI protium ChEBI The stable isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 2.014102 and a natural abundance of 0.0115 atom percent (from Greek deltaepsilonupsilontauepsilonrhoomicronnu, second). 0 D InChI=1S/H2/h1H/i1+1 UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-OUBTZVSYSA-N 2.014 2.01410 [2H] deuterium chebi_ontology (2)1H (2)H D Deuterium deuterio deuterium heavy hydrogen hidrogeno pesado hydrogen-2 schwerer Wasserstoff CHEBI:29237 deuterium atom deuterium IUPAC (2)1H IUPAC (2)H IUPAC D IUPAC Deuterium ChEBI deuterio ChEBI deuterium ChEBI heavy hydrogen ChEBI hidrogeno pesado ChEBI hydrogen-2 ChEBI schwerer Wasserstoff ChEBI The radioactive isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 3.016049 and half-life of 12.33 years (from Greek taurhoiotatauomicronsigma, third). 0 T InChI=1S/H2/h1H/i1+2 UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 3.016 3.01605 [3H] tritium chebi_ontology (3)1H (3)H T hydrogen-3 tritio tritium ueberschwerer Wasserstoff CHEBI:29238 tritium atom tritium IUPAC (3)1H IUPAC (3)H IUPAC T IUPAC hydrogen-3 ChEBI tritio ChEBI tritium ChEBI ueberschwerer Wasserstoff ChEBI 0 Au InChI=1S/Au PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 196.96655 196.96657 [Au] CAS:7440-57-5 WebElements:Au gold chebi_ontology 79Au Au Gold aurum gold or oro CHEBI:29287 gold atom CAS:7440-57-5 ChemIDplus gold IUPAC 79Au IUPAC Au IUPAC Gold ChEBI aurum IUPAC gold ChEBI or ChEBI oro ChEBI -1 H2N InChI=1S/H2N/h1H2/q-1 HYGWNUKOUCZBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16.02262 16.01927 [H][N-][H] amide azanide dihydridonitrate(1-) chebi_ontology NH2(-) CHEBI:29337 azanide amide IUPAC azanide IUPAC dihydridonitrate(1-) IUPAC NH2(-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. -2 HN InChI=1S/HN/h1H/q-2 DZQYTNGKSBCIOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15.01468 15.01200 [N--][H] azanediide hydridonitrate(2-) chebi_ontology NH(2-) imide CHEBI:29340 hydridonitrate(2-) azanediide IUPAC hydridonitrate(2-) IUPAC NH(2-) IUPAC imide IUPAC Gmelin:508 dioxidenium hydridodioxygen(1+) chebi_ontology HO2(+) HOO(+) [HO2](+) CHEBI:29793 hydridodioxygen(1+) Gmelin:508 Gmelin dioxidenium IUPAC hydridodioxygen(1+) IUPAC HO2(+) IUPAC HOO(+) ChEBI [HO2](+) ChEBI A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. CHEBI:13704 CHEBI:22165 CHEBI:40480 CAS:71-50-1 DrugBank:DB03166 Gmelin:1379 KEGG:C00033 MetaCyc:ACET PDBeChem:ACT PMID:17190852 PMID:22211106 PMID:22371380 Reaxys:1901470 UM-BBD_compID:c0050 Wikipedia:Acetate acetate chebi_ontology ACETATE ION Azetat CH3-COO(-) Ethanoat MeCO2 anion acetic acid, ion(1-) ethanoate CHEBI:30089 acetate CAS:71-50-1 ChemIDplus CAS:71-50-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:1379 Gmelin PMID:17190852 Europe PMC PMID:22211106 Europe PMC PMID:22371380 Europe PMC Reaxys:1901470 Reaxys UM-BBD_compID:c0050 UM-BBD acetate IUPAC acetate UniProt ACETATE ION PDBeChem Azetat ChEBI CH3-COO(-) IUPAC Ethanoat ChEBI MeCO2 anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook acetic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus ethanoate ChEBI 0 Li InChI=1S/Li WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6.94100 7.01600 [Li] CAS:7439-93-2 WebElements:Li lithium chebi_ontology 3Li Li Lithium lithium litio CHEBI:30145 lithium atom CAS:7439-93-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook lithium IUPAC 3Li IUPAC Li IUPAC Lithium ChEBI lithium ChEBI litio ChEBI Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy hnu and momentum hnu/c (h is the Planck constant, nu the frequency of radiation and c the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. 0 0.0 0.0 * CHEBI:10581 CHEBI:14383 KEGG:C00205 photon chebi_ontology Lichtquant Light foton gamma hnu light quantum CHEBI:30212 photon photon IUPAC Lichtquant ChEBI Light KEGG_COMPOUND foton ChEBI gamma IUPAC hnu IUPAC hnu UniProt light quantum ChEBI Nucleus of the (4)He atom. +2 [4He] InChI=1S/He/q+2/i1+0 LBDSXVIYZYSRII-IGMARMGPSA-N 4.002 4.00151 [4He++] Gmelin:53474 alpha-particle helium-4(2+) chebi_ontology (4)He(2+) alpha CHEBI:30216 alpha-particle Gmelin:53474 Gmelin alpha-particle IUPAC alpha-particle IUPAC helium-4(2+) IUPAC (4)He(2+) IUPAC alpha IUPAC 0 He InChI=1S/He SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4.00260 4.00260 [He] CAS:7440-59-7 Drug_Central:4262 Gmelin:16294 WebElements:He helium chebi_ontology 2He He Helium helio helium CHEBI:30217 helium atom CAS:7440-59-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Drug_Central:4262 DrugCentral Gmelin:16294 Gmelin helium IUPAC 2He IUPAC He IUPAC Helium ChEBI helio ChEBI helium ChEBI The stable isotope of helium with relative atomic mass 3.016029. The least abundant (0.000137 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring helium. 0 [3He] InChI=1S/He/i1-1 SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N 3.016 3.01603 [3He] CAS:14762-55-1 Gmelin:14208 helium-3 chebi_ontology (3)2He (3)He (3He)helium helium, isotope of mass 3 helium-3 CHEBI:30218 helium-3 atom CAS:14762-55-1 ChemIDplus Gmelin:14208 Gmelin helium-3 IUPAC (3)2He IUPAC (3)He IUPAC (3He)helium ChemIDplus helium, isotope of mass 3 ChemIDplus helium-3 ChEBI The stable isotope of helium with relative atomic mass 4.002603. The most abundant (99.99 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring helium. 0 [4He] InChI=1S/He/i1+0 SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-IGMARMGPSA-N 4.003 4.00260 [4He] Gmelin:14207 helium-4 chebi_ontology (4)2He (4)He helium-4 CHEBI:30219 helium-4 atom Gmelin:14207 Gmelin helium-4 IUPAC (4)2He IUPAC (4)He IUPAC helium-4 ChEBI Nuclear particle of zero charge, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.008664904(14) u. 0 1.008664904 neutron chebi_ontology (1)0n n CHEBI:30222 neutron neutron ChEBI neutron IUPAC (1)0n ChEBI n IUPAC +2 0.00000 [*++] CHEBI:23856 CHEBI:4665 KEGG:C00572 chebi_ontology Divalent cation divalent inorganic cations monoatomic dications CHEBI:30412 monoatomic dication Divalent cation KEGG_COMPOUND divalent inorganic cations ChEBI monoatomic dications ChEBI 0 At InChI=1S/At RYXHOMYVWAEKHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 210.00000 210.00000 [At] CAS:7440-68-8 Gmelin:40440 WebElements:At astatine chebi_ontology 85At Astat At astate astatine astato CHEBI:30415 astatine atom CAS:7440-68-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-68-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:40440 Gmelin astatine IUPAC 85At IUPAC Astat ChEBI At IUPAC astate ChEBI astatine ChEBI astato ChEBI A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum. 0 In InChI=1S/In APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 114.81800 114.90388 [In] CAS:7440-74-6 Gmelin:16297 WebElements:In indium chebi_ontology 49In In Indium indio indium CHEBI:30430 indium atom CAS:7440-74-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-74-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16297 Gmelin indium IUPAC 49In IUPAC In IUPAC Indium ChEBI indio ChEBI indium ChEBI A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot). 0 Tl InChI=1S/Tl BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 204.38330 204.97443 [Tl] CAS:7440-28-0 Gmelin:16308 WebElements:Tl thallium chebi_ontology 81Tl Tl talio CHEBI:30440 thallium CAS:7440-28-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-28-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16308 Gmelin thallium IUPAC 81Tl IUPAC Tl IUPAC talio ChEBI 0 Ge InChI=1S/Ge GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 72.61000 73.92118 [Ge] CAS:7440-56-4 WebElements:Ge germanium chebi_ontology 32Ge Ge germanio germanium CHEBI:30441 germanium atom CAS:7440-56-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-56-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook germanium IUPAC 32Ge IUPAC Ge IUPAC germanio ChEBI germanium ChEBI 0 Te InChI=1S/Te PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 127.60000 129.90622 [Te] CAS:13494-80-9 Gmelin:16309 WebElements:Te tellurium chebi_ontology 52Te Te Tellur tellure tellurium teluro CHEBI:30452 tellurium atom CAS:13494-80-9 ChemIDplus CAS:13494-80-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16309 Gmelin tellurium IUPAC 52Te IUPAC Te IUPAC Tellur ChEBI tellure ChEBI tellurium ChEBI teluro ChEBI Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. 0 Be InChI=1S/Be ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9.01218 9.01218 [Be] CAS:7440-41-7 Gmelin:16265 PMID:10858219 PMID:11897645 PMID:14643414 PMID:16951350 PMID:18250483 PMID:18768897 PMID:24912188 Reaxys:14617151 WebElements:Be beryllium chebi_ontology 4Be Be Beryllium berilio beryllium CHEBI:30501 beryllium atom CAS:7440-41-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-41-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16265 Gmelin PMID:10858219 Europe PMC PMID:11897645 Europe PMC PMID:14643414 Europe PMC PMID:16951350 Europe PMC PMID:18250483 Europe PMC PMID:18768897 Europe PMC PMID:24912188 Europe PMC Reaxys:14617151 Reaxys beryllium IUPAC 4Be IUPAC Be IUPAC Beryllium ChEBI berilio ChEBI beryllium ChEBI 0 Ag InChI=1S/Ag BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 107.86820 106.90509 [Ag] CAS:7440-22-4 WebElements:Ag silver chebi_ontology 47Ag Ag Silber argent argentum plata silver CHEBI:30512 silver atom CAS:7440-22-4 ChemIDplus silver IUPAC 47Ag IUPAC Ag IUPAC Silber ChemIDplus argent ChEBI argentum IUPAC plata ChEBI silver ChEBI 0 Sb InChI=1S/Sb WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 121.76000 120.90381 [Sb] WebElements:Sb antimony chebi_ontology 51Sb Antimon Sb antimoine antimonio antimony stibium CHEBI:30513 antimony atom antimony IUPAC 51Sb IUPAC Antimon ChEBI Sb IUPAC antimoine ChEBI antimonio ChEBI antimony ChEBI stibium IUPAC 0 Cs InChI=1S/Cs TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 132.90545 132.90545 [Cs] WebElements:Cs caesium chebi_ontology 55Cs Caesium Cs Zaesium caesium cesio cesium CHEBI:30514 caesium atom caesium IUPAC 55Cs IUPAC Caesium ChEBI Cs IUPAC Zaesium ChEBI caesium ChEBI cesio ChEBI cesium ChEBI cesium IUPAC 0 Ru InChI=1S/Ru KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 101.07000 101.90434 [Ru] CAS:7440-18-8 WebElements:Ru ruthenium chebi_ontology 44Ru Ru Ruthenium rutenio ruthenium CHEBI:30682 ruthenium atom CAS:7440-18-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-18-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook ruthenium IUPAC 44Ru IUPAC Ru IUPAC Ruthenium ChEBI rutenio ChEBI ruthenium ChEBI 0 Os InChI=1S/Os SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 190.23000 191.96148 [Os] CAS:7440-04-2 Gmelin:16234 WebElements:Os osmium chebi_ontology 76Os Os osmio osmium CHEBI:30687 osmium atom CAS:7440-04-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-04-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16234 Gmelin osmium IUPAC 76Os IUPAC Os IUPAC osmio ChEBI osmium ChEBI Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. KEGG:C01558 Bile acid chebi_ontology 5beta-bile acid 5beta-bile acids Bile salt Gallensaeure Gallensaeuren bile acids CHEBI:3098 bile acid Bile acid KEGG_COMPOUND 5beta-bile acid ChEBI 5beta-bile acids ChEBI Bile salt KEGG_COMPOUND Gallensaeure ChEBI Gallensaeuren ChEBI bile acids ChEBI 0 Ba InChI=1S/Ba DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 137.32700 137.90525 [Ba] WebElements:Ba barium chebi_ontology 56Ba Ba Barium bario barium baryum CHEBI:32594 barium atom barium IUPAC 56Ba IUPAC Ba IUPAC Barium ChEBI bario ChEBI barium ChEBI baryum ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. CHEBI:13814 CHEBI:22474 CHEBI:2641 KEGG:C00706 Amine amines chebi_ontology Amin Substituted amine CHEBI:32952 amine Amine KEGG_COMPOUND amines IUPAC Amin ChEBI Substituted amine KEGG_COMPOUND An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:22473 CHEBI:2633 KEGG:C00241 Amide amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:32988 amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC 0 Eu InChI=1S/Eu OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 151.96400 152.92124 [Eu] CAS:7440-53-1 Gmelin:16279 WebElements:Eu europium chebi_ontology 63Eu Eu europio europium CHEBI:32999 europium atom CAS:7440-53-1 ChemIDplus Gmelin:16279 Gmelin europium IUPAC 63Eu IUPAC Eu IUPAC europio ChEBI europium ChEBI Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle chebi_ontology elementary particles CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle elementary particle IUPAC elementary particles ChEBI A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. chebi_ontology atomic entity monoatomic entities CHEBI:33238 monoatomic entity atomic entity ChEBI monoatomic entities ChEBI chebi_ontology oxoacid derivatives CHEBI:33241 oxoacid derivative oxoacid derivatives ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic hydrides CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. chebi_ontology organic fundamental parents organic parent hydrides CHEBI:33245 organic fundamental parent organic fundamental parents ChEBI organic parent hydrides ChEBI Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. chebi_ontology inorganic groups CHEBI:33246 inorganic group inorganic groups ChEBI Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. chebi_ontology organic groups CHEBI:33247 organic group organic groups ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups chebi_ontology groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo CHEBI:33249 organyl group organyl group IUPAC organyl groups IUPAC groupe organyle IUPAC grupo organilo IUPAC grupos organilo IUPAC atom A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 MeSH:D004602 NCIt:C1940 NCIt:C48792 SNOMEDCT:290004009 atom chebi_ontology atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 atom atom IUPAC atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] chebi_ontology atomic hydrogen CHEBI:33251 monoatomic hydrogen atomic hydrogen ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. Some people may be uncomfortable calling every proton an atomic nucleus This is equivalent to CHEBI:33252 nucleus chebi_ontology Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus nucleus IUPAC Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons CHEBI:33253 nucleon nucleon IUPAC nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide primary amides chebi_ontology CHEBI:33256 primary amide primary amide IUPAC primary amides IUPAC A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33260 elemental hydrogen chebi_ontology CHEBI:33262 elemental oxygen chebi_ontology CHEBI:33263 diatomic oxygen diatomic nitrogen elemental nitrogen An anion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic anions CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion polyatomic anions ChEBI chebi_ontology chemical messenger CHEBI:33280 molecular messenger chemical messenger ChEBI A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. CHEBI:22582 PMID:12964249 PMID:22117953 PMID:22439833 PMID:22849268 PMID:22849276 PMID:22958833 chebi_ontology Antibiotika Antibiotikum antibiotic antibiotics antibiotique antimicrobial antimicrobial agents antimicrobials microbicide microbicides CHEBI:33281 antimicrobial agent PMID:12964249 Europe PMC PMID:22117953 Europe PMC PMID:22439833 Europe PMC PMID:22849268 Europe PMC PMID:22849276 Europe PMC PMID:22958833 Europe PMC Antibiotika ChEBI Antibiotikum ChEBI antibiotic ChEBI antibiotics ChEBI antibiotique IUPAC antimicrobial ChEBI antimicrobial agents ChEBI antimicrobials ChEBI microbicide ChEBI microbicides ChEBI A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology nutrients CHEBI:33284 nutrient nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI fuel A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. chebi_ontology alkali metal molecular entities CHEBI:33296 alkali metal molecular entity alkali metal molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens chebi_ontology group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes CHEBI:33300 pnictogen pnictogens IUPAC group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI 0 Bi InChI=1S/Bi JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 208.98038 208.98040 [Bi] CAS:7440-69-9 WebElements:Bi bismuth chebi_ontology 83Bi Bi Bismut Wismut bismuth bismuto CHEBI:33301 bismuth atom CAS:7440-69-9 ChemIDplus bismuth IUPAC 83Bi IUPAC Bi IUPAC Bismut ChEBI Wismut ChEBI bismuth ChEBI bismuto ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. PMID:17084588 chalcogen chalcogens chebi_ontology Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements CHEBI:33303 chalcogen PMID:17084588 Europe PMC chalcogen IUPAC chalcogens IUPAC Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI group 14 elements chebi_ontology carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom group 14 elements IUPAC carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. CHEBI:13204 CHEBI:23028 CHEBI:3408 KEGG:C02391 Wikipedia:Ester Carboxylic ester carboxylic esters chebi_ontology a carboxylic ester carboxylic acid esters CHEBI:33308 carboxylic ester Carboxylic ester KEGG_COMPOUND carboxylic esters IUPAC a carboxylic ester UniProt carboxylic acid esters ChEBI noble gas noble gases chebi_ontology Edelgas Edelgase gas noble gases nobles gaz noble gaz nobles group 18 elements group VIII elements inert gases noble gas rare gases CHEBI:33309 noble gas atom noble gas IUPAC noble gases IUPAC Edelgas ChEBI Edelgase ChEBI gas noble ChEBI gases nobles ChEBI gaz noble ChEBI gaz nobles ChEBI group 18 elements IUPAC group VIII elements ChEBI inert gases ChEBI noble gas ChEBI rare gases ChEBI 0 Ne InChI=1S/Ne GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20.17970 19.99244 [Ne] CAS:7440-01-9 WebElements:Ne neon chebi_ontology 10Ne Ne Neon neon CHEBI:33310 neon atom CAS:7440-01-9 ChemIDplus neon IUPAC 10Ne IUPAC Ne ChEBI Neon ChEBI neon ChEBI A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia). 0 Po InChI=1S/Po HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 209.00000 209.00000 [Po] CAS:7440-08-6 Gmelin:40435 WebElements:Po polonium chebi_ontology 84Po Po polonio polonium CHEBI:33313 polonium atom CAS:7440-08-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-08-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:40435 Gmelin polonium IUPAC 84Po IUPAC Po IUPAC polonio ChEBI polonium ChEBI 0 Rn InChI=1S/Rn SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 222.00000 222.00000 [Rn] CAS:10043-92-2 Gmelin:16242 WebElements:Rn radon chebi_ontology 86Rn Rn niton radium emanation radon CHEBI:33314 radon atom CAS:10043-92-2 ChemIDplus CAS:10043-92-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16242 Gmelin radon IUPAC 86Rn IUPAC Rn IUPAC niton ChemIDplus radium emanation ChemIDplus radon ChEBI 0 He 4.003 4.00260 chebi_ontology elemental helium CHEBI:33315 monoatomic helium elemental helium ChEBI +2 He InChI=1S/He/q+2 LBDSXVIYZYSRII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4.00260 4.00151 [He++] helium(2+) chebi_ontology He(2+) CHEBI:33316 helium(2+) helium(2+) IUPAC He(2+) IUPAC group 13 elements chebi_ontology Element der Borgruppe boron group element boron group elements group III elements CHEBI:33317 boron group element atom group 13 elements IUPAC Element der Borgruppe ChEBI boron group element ChEBI boron group elements ChEBI group III elements ChEBI An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements chebi_ontology Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element CHEBI:33318 main group element atom main group elements IUPAC Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI lanthanoids chebi_ontology Lanthanoid Lanthanoide Lanthanoidengruppe Lanthanoidenreiche Ln lanthanide lanthanides lanthanoid CHEBI:33319 lanthanoid atom lanthanoids IUPAC Lanthanoid ChEBI Lanthanoide ChEBI Lanthanoidengruppe ChEBI Lanthanoidenreiche ChEBI Ln ChEBI lanthanide ChEBI lanthanides ChEBI lanthanoid ChEBI actinoids chebi_ontology Actinoid Actinoide Actinoidenelemente Actinoidengruppe Aktinoide Aktinoidenelemente An actinide actinides actinoid CHEBI:33320 actinoid atom actinoids IUPAC Actinoid ChEBI Actinoide ChEBI Actinoidenelemente ChEBI Actinoidengruppe ChEBI Aktinoide ChEBI Aktinoidenelemente ChEBI An ChEBI actinide ChEBI actinides ChEBI actinoid ChEBI rare earth metals chebi_ontology rare earth metal CHEBI:33321 rare earth metal atom rare earth metals IUPAC rare earth metal ChEBI 0 Rb InChI=1S/Rb IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 85.46780 84.91179 [Rb] CAS:7440-17-7 DrugBank:DB06749 Gmelin:16244 WebElements:Rb rubidium chebi_ontology 37Rb Rb rubidio rubidium CHEBI:33322 rubidium atom CAS:7440-17-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-17-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16244 Gmelin rubidium IUPAC 37Rb IUPAC Rb IUPAC rubidio ChEBI rubidium ChEBI 0 Fr InChI=1S/Fr KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 223.00000 223.00000 [Fr] CAS:7440-73-5 Gmelin:40458 WebElements:Fr francium chebi_ontology 87Fr Fr Franzium francio francium CHEBI:33323 francium atom CAS:7440-73-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-73-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:40458 Gmelin francium IUPAC 87Fr IUPAC Fr IUPAC Franzium ChEBI francio ChEBI francium ChEBI 0 Sr InChI=1S/Sr CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 87.62000 87.90561 [Sr] CAS:7440-24-6 WebElements:Sr strontium chebi_ontology 38Sr Sr estroncio strontium CHEBI:33324 strontium atom CAS:7440-24-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-24-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook strontium IUPAC 38Sr IUPAC Sr IUPAC estroncio ChEBI strontium ChEBI 0 Ra InChI=1S/Ra HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 226.00000 226.00000 [Ra] CAS:7440-14-4 WebElements:Ra radium chebi_ontology 88Ra Ra radio radium CHEBI:33325 radium atom CAS:7440-14-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-14-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook radium IUPAC 88Ra IUPAC Ra IUPAC radio ChEBI radium ChEBI 0 Sc InChI=1S/Sc SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 44.95591 44.95591 [Sc] CAS:7440-20-2 WebElements:Sc scandium chebi_ontology 21Sc Sc Skandium escandio scandium CHEBI:33330 scandium atom CAS:7440-20-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-20-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook scandium IUPAC 21Sc IUPAC Sc IUPAC Skandium ChEBI escandio ChEBI scandium ChEBI 0 Y InChI=1S/Y VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88.90585 88.90584 [Y] CAS:7440-65-5 Gmelin:16319 WebElements:Y yttrium chebi_ontology 39Y Y ytrio yttrium CHEBI:33331 yttrium atom CAS:7440-65-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-65-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16319 Gmelin yttrium IUPAC 39Y IUPAC Y ChEBI ytrio ChEBI yttrium ChEBI group 3 elements chebi_ontology scandium group element scandium group elements CHEBI:33335 scandium group element atom group 3 elements IUPAC scandium group element ChEBI scandium group elements ChEBI 0 La InChI=1S/La FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 138.90550 138.90636 [La] CAS:7439-91-0 Gmelin:16203 WebElements:La lanthanum chebi_ontology 57La La Lanthan lantano lanthane lanthanum CHEBI:33336 lanthanum atom CAS:7439-91-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-91-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16203 Gmelin lanthanum IUPAC 57La IUPAC La ChEBI Lanthan ChEBI lantano ChEBI lanthane ChEBI lanthanum ChEBI 0 Ac InChI=1S/Ac QQINRWTZWGJFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 227.00000 227.00000 [Ac] CAS:7440-34-8 WebElements:Ac actinium chebi_ontology 89Ac Ac Aktinium actinio actinium CHEBI:33337 actinium atom CAS:7440-34-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-34-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook actinium IUPAC 89Ac IUPAC Ac IUPAC Aktinium ChEBI actinio ChEBI actinium ChEBI group 12 elements chebi_ontology zinc group element zinc group elements CHEBI:33340 zinc group element atom group 12 elements IUPAC zinc group element ChEBI zinc group elements ChEBI 0 Ti InChI=1S/Ti RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 47.86700 47.94794 [Ti] CAS:7440-32-6 WebElements:Ti titanium chebi_ontology 22Ti Ti Titan titane titanio titanium CHEBI:33341 titanium atom CAS:7440-32-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-32-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook titanium IUPAC 22Ti IUPAC Ti IUPAC Titan ChEBI titane ChEBI titanio ChEBI titanium ChEBI 0 Zr InChI=1S/Zr QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 91.22400 89.90470 [Zr] CAS:7440-67-7 WebElements:Zr zirconium chebi_ontology 40Zr Zirkonium Zr circonio zirconio zirconium CHEBI:33342 zirconium atom CAS:7440-67-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-67-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook zirconium IUPAC 40Zr IUPAC Zirkonium ChEBI Zr IUPAC circonio ChEBI zirconio ChEBI zirconium ChEBI 0 Hf InChI=1S/Hf VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 178.49000 179.94656 [Hf] CAS:7440-58-6 WebElements:Hf hafnium chebi_ontology 72Hf Hf hafnio hafnium CHEBI:33343 hafnium atom CAS:7440-58-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-58-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook hafnium IUPAC 72Hf IUPAC Hf IUPAC hafnio ChEBI hafnium ChEBI 0 Nb InChI=1S/Nb GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 92.90638 92.90637 [Nb] CAS:7440-03-1 WebElements:Nb niobium chebi_ontology 41Nb Nb Niob columbio columbium niobio niobium CHEBI:33344 niobium atom CAS:7440-03-1 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-03-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook niobium IUPAC 41Nb IUPAC Nb IUPAC Niob ChEBI columbio ChEBI columbium NIST_Chemistry_WebBook niobio ChEBI niobium ChEBI group 4 elements chebi_ontology titanium group element titanium group elements CHEBI:33345 titanium group element atom group 4 elements IUPAC titanium group element ChEBI titanium group elements ChEBI 0 Rf InChI=1S/Rf YGPLJIIQQIDVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 261.00000 267.00000 [Rf] WebElements:Rf rutherfordium chebi_ontology 104Rf Ku Rf Unq kurchatovium rutherfordio rutherfordium unnilquadium CHEBI:33346 rutherfordium atom rutherfordium IUPAC 104Rf IUPAC Ku ChEBI Rf IUPAC Unq IUPAC kurchatovium ChEBI rutherfordio ChEBI rutherfordium ChEBI unnilquadium IUPAC group 5 elements chebi_ontology vanadium group element vanadium group elements CHEBI:33347 vanadium group element atom group 5 elements IUPAC vanadium group element ChEBI vanadium group elements ChEBI 0 Ta InChI=1S/Ta GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 180.94790 180.94800 [Ta] CAS:7440-25-7 WebElements:Ta tantalum chebi_ontology 73Ta Ta Tantal tantale tantalo tantalum CHEBI:33348 tantalum atom CAS:7440-25-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-25-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook tantalum IUPAC 73Ta IUPAC Ta IUPAC Tantal ChEBI tantale ChEBI tantalo ChEBI tantalum ChEBI 0 Db 262.00000 270.00000 [Db] WebElements:Db dubnium chebi_ontology 105Db Db Ha Ns Unp dubnio dubnium hahnium nielsbohrium unnilpentium CHEBI:33349 dubnium atom dubnium IUPAC 105Db IUPAC Db IUPAC Ha ChEBI Ns ChEBI Unp IUPAC dubnio ChEBI dubnium ChEBI hahnium ChEBI nielsbohrium ChEBI unnilpentium IUPAC group 6 elements chebi_ontology chromium group element chromium group elements CHEBI:33350 chromium group element atom group 6 elements IUPAC chromium group element ChEBI chromium group elements ChEBI 0 Sg 263.00000 271.00000 [Sg] WebElements:Sg seaborgium chebi_ontology 106Sg Sg Unh seaborgio seaborgium unnilhexium CHEBI:33351 seaborgium atom seaborgium IUPAC 106Sg IUPAC Sg IUPAC Unh ChEBI seaborgio ChEBI seaborgium ChEBI unnilhexium IUPAC group 7 elements chebi_ontology manganese group element manganese group elements CHEBI:33352 manganese group element atom group 7 elements IUPAC manganese group element ChEBI manganese group elements ChEBI 0 Tc InChI=1S/Tc GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 98.00000 97.00000 [Tc] CAS:7440-26-8 Gmelin:16310 WebElements:Tc technetium chebi_ontology 43Tc Tc Technetium technetium tecnecio CHEBI:33353 technetium atom CAS:7440-26-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-26-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16310 Gmelin technetium IUPAC 43Tc IUPAC Tc IUPAC Technetium ChEBI technetium ChEBI tecnecio ChEBI 0 Bh 264.00000 270.00000 [Bh] WebElements:Bh bohrium chebi_ontology 107Bh Bh Ns Uns bohrio bohrium nielsbohrium unnilseptium CHEBI:33355 bohrium atom bohrium IUPAC 107Bh IUPAC Bh IUPAC Ns ChEBI Uns IUPAC bohrio ChEBI bohrium ChEBI nielsbohrium ChEBI unnilseptium IUPAC group 8 elements chebi_ontology iron group element iron group elements CHEBI:33356 iron group element atom group 8 elements IUPAC iron group element ChEBI iron group elements ChEBI 0 Hs 265.00000 277.00000 [Hs] WebElements:Hs hassium chebi_ontology 108Hs Ha Hs Uno hahnium hassio hassium unniloctium CHEBI:33357 hassium atom hassium IUPAC 108Hs IUPAC Ha ChEBI Hs IUPAC Uno IUPAC hahnium ChEBI hassio ChEBI hassium ChEBI unniloctium IUPAC group 9 elements chebi_ontology cobalt group element cobalt group elements CHEBI:33358 cobalt group element atom group 9 elements IUPAC cobalt group element ChEBI cobalt group elements ChEBI A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45. 0 Rh InChI=1S/Rh MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 102.90550 102.90550 [Rh] CAS:7440-16-6 PMID:2936374 WebElements:Rh Wikipedia:Rhodium rhodium chebi_ontology 45Rh Rh rhodium rodio CHEBI:33359 rhodium atom CAS:7440-16-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-16-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:2936374 Europe PMC rhodium IUPAC 45Rh IUPAC Rh ChEBI rhodium ChEBI rodio ChEBI 0 Mt 0.00000 0.00000 [Mt] WebElements:Mt meitnerium chebi_ontology 109Mt Mt Une meitnerio meitnerium unnilennium CHEBI:33361 meitnerium atom meitnerium IUPAC 109Mt IUPAC Mt IUPAC Une IUPAC meitnerio ChEBI meitnerium ChEBI unnilennium IUPAC group 10 elements chebi_ontology nickel group element nickel group elements CHEBI:33362 nickel group element atom group 10 elements IUPAC nickel group element ChEBI nickel group elements ChEBI Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. 0 Pd InChI=1S/Pd KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 106.42000 105.90348 [Pd] CAS:7440-05-3 PMID:25097477 Reaxys:4937491 WebElements:Pd Wikipedia:Palladium palladium chebi_ontology 46Pd Pd paladio CHEBI:33363 palladium CAS:7440-05-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-05-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook PMID:25097477 Europe PMC Reaxys:4937491 Reaxys palladium IUPAC 46Pd IUPAC Pd IUPAC paladio ChEBI 0 Pt InChI=1S/Pt BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 195.078 194.96479 [Pt] CAS:7440-06-4 WebElements:Pt platinum chebi_ontology 78Pt Platin Pt platine platino CHEBI:33364 platinum CAS:7440-06-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-06-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook platinum IUPAC 78Pt IUPAC Platin ChEBI Pt IUPAC platine ChEBI platino ChEBI chebi_ontology PGM Platinmetalle Platinoide platinoid platinum group metal platinum group metals platinum metals CHEBI:33365 platinum group metal atom PGM ChEBI Platinmetalle ChEBI Platinoide ChEBI platinoid ChEBI platinum group metal ChEBI platinum group metals ChEBI platinum metals ChEBI group 11 elements chebi_ontology coinage metals copper group element copper group elements CHEBI:33366 copper group element atom group 11 elements IUPAC coinage metals ChEBI copper group element ChEBI copper group elements ChEBI 0 Ds InChI=1S/Ds NCBMSFCPDGXTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.00000 0.00000 [Ds] WebElements:Ds darmstadtium chebi_ontology 110Ds Ds Uun darmstadtio ununnilium CHEBI:33367 darmstadtium darmstadtium IUPAC 110Ds IUPAC Ds IUPAC Uun IUPAC darmstadtio ChEBI ununnilium IUPAC A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281. 0 Rg InChI=1S/Rg LJROPTGWFUZRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 0.00000 [Rg] WebElements:Rg Wikipedia:Roentgenium roentgenium chebi_ontology 111Rg Rg Roentgenium Uuu roentgenio roentgenium unununium CHEBI:33368 roentgenium atom roentgenium IUPAC 111Rg IUPAC Rg IUPAC Roentgenium ChEBI Uuu ChEBI roentgenio ChEBI roentgenium ChEBI unununium ChEBI 0 Ce InChI=1S/Ce GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 140.11600 139.90544 [Ce] CAS:7440-45-1 Gmelin:16275 WebElements:Ce cerium chebi_ontology 58Ce Ce Cer Zer cerio CHEBI:33369 cerium CAS:7440-45-1 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-45-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16275 Gmelin cerium ChEBI cerium IUPAC 58Ce IUPAC Ce IUPAC Cer ChEBI Zer ChEBI cerio ChEBI 0 [99Tc] InChI=1S/Tc/i1+1 GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-OUBTZVSYSA-N 98.906 98.90625 [99Tc] CAS:14133-76-7 Gmelin:41657 technetium-99 chebi_ontology (99)43Tc (99)Tc technetium, isotope of mass 99 CHEBI:33371 technetium-99 CAS:14133-76-7 ChemIDplus Gmelin:41657 Gmelin technetium-99 IUPAC (99)43Tc IUPAC (99)Tc IUPAC technetium, isotope of mass 99 ChemIDplus 0 Nd InChI=1S/Nd QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 144.24000 141.90773 [Nd] CAS:7440-00-8 Gmelin:16212 WebElements:Nd neodymium chebi_ontology 60Nd Nd Neodym neodimio neodyme neodymium CHEBI:33372 neodymium atom CAS:7440-00-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-00-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16212 Gmelin neodymium IUPAC 60Nd IUPAC Nd IUPAC Neodym ChEBI neodimio ChEBI neodyme ChEBI neodymium ChEBI 0 Pm InChI=1S/Pm VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 145.00000 145.00000 [Pm] CAS:7440-12-2 Gmelin:16237 WebElements:Pm promethium chebi_ontology 61Pm Pm Promethium promethium prometio CHEBI:33373 promethium atom CAS:7440-12-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-12-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16237 Gmelin promethium IUPAC 61Pm IUPAC Pm IUPAC Promethium ChEBI promethium ChEBI prometio ChEBI 0 Sm InChI=1S/Sm KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 150.36000 151.91974 [Sm] CAS:7440-19-9 Gmelin:16301 WebElements:Sm samarium chebi_ontology 62Sm Sm samario samarium CHEBI:33374 samarium atom CAS:7440-19-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-19-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16301 Gmelin samarium IUPAC 62Sm IUPAC Sm IUPAC samario ChEBI samarium ChEBI 0 Gd InChI=1S/Gd UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 157.25000 157.92411 [Gd] CAS:7440-54-2 Gmelin:16286 WebElements:Gd gadolinium chebi_ontology 64Gd Gd gadolinio gadolinium CHEBI:33375 gadolinium atom CAS:7440-54-2 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-54-2 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16286 Gmelin gadolinium IUPAC 64Gd IUPAC Gd IUPAC gadolinio ChEBI gadolinium ChEBI 0 Tb InChI=1S/Tb GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 158.92534 158.92535 [Tb] CAS:7440-27-9 Gmelin:16311 WebElements:Tb terbium chebi_ontology 65Tb Tb terbio terbium CHEBI:33376 terbium atom CAS:7440-27-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-27-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16311 Gmelin terbium IUPAC 65Tb IUPAC Tb IUPAC terbio ChEBI terbium ChEBI 0 Dy InChI=1S/Dy KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 162.50000 163.92918 [Dy] CAS:7429-91-6 Gmelin:16278 WebElements:Dy dysprosium chebi_ontology 66Dy Dy disprosio dysprosium CHEBI:33377 dysprosium atom CAS:7429-91-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7429-91-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16278 Gmelin dysprosium IUPAC 66Dy IUPAC Dy IUPAC disprosio ChEBI dysprosium ChEBI 0 Er InChI=1S/Er UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 167.26000 165.93030 [Er] CAS:7440-52-0 Gmelin:16280 WebElements:Er erbium chebi_ontology 68Er Er erbio CHEBI:33379 erbium CAS:7440-52-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-52-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16280 Gmelin erbium IUPAC 68Er IUPAC Er IUPAC erbio ChEBI 0 Tm InChI=1S/Tm FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 168.93421 168.93422 [Tm] CAS:7440-30-4 Gmelin:16307 WebElements:Tm thulium chebi_ontology 69Tm Tm thulium tulio CHEBI:33380 thulium atom CAS:7440-30-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-30-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16307 Gmelin thulium IUPAC 69Tm IUPAC Tm ChEBI thulium ChEBI tulio ChEBI 0 Yb InChI=1S/Yb NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 173.04000 173.93887 [Yb] CAS:7440-64-4 Gmelin:16320 WebElements:Yb ytterbium chebi_ontology 70Yb Yb yterbio CHEBI:33381 ytterbium CAS:7440-64-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-64-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16320 Gmelin ytterbium IUPAC 70Yb IUPAC Yb IUPAC yterbio ChEBI 0 Lu InChI=1S/Lu OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 174.96700 174.94078 [Lu] CAS:7439-94-3 Gmelin:16202 WebElements:Lu lutetium chebi_ontology 71Lu Cassiopeium Lu Lutetium cassiopium lutecio lutecium lutetium CHEBI:33382 lutetium atom CAS:7439-94-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-94-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16202 Gmelin lutetium IUPAC 71Lu IUPAC Cassiopeium ChEBI Lu IUPAC Lutetium ChEBI cassiopium ChEBI lutecio ChEBI lutecium ChEBI lutetium ChEBI 0 Th InChI=1S/Th ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 232.03810 232.03806 [Th] CAS:7440-29-1 KEGG:C19157 WebElements:Th thorium chebi_ontology 90Th Th torio CHEBI:33385 thorium CAS:7440-29-1 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-29-1 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-29-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook thorium IUPAC 90Th IUPAC Th IUPAC torio ChEBI 0 Pa InChI=1S/Pa XLROVYAPLOFLNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 231.03588 231.03589 [Pa] CAS:7440-13-3 WebElements:Pa protactinium chebi_ontology 91Pa Pa brevium protactinio protactinium protoactinium CHEBI:33386 protactinium atom CAS:7440-13-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-13-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook protactinium IUPAC 91Pa IUPAC Pa IUPAC brevium ChEBI protactinio ChEBI protactinium ChEBI protoactinium NIST_Chemistry_WebBook 0 Np InChI=1S/Np LFNLGNPSGWYGGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 237.00000 237.00000 [Np] CAS:7439-99-8 WebElements:Np neptunium chebi_ontology 93Np Np neptunio neptunium CHEBI:33387 neptunium atom CAS:7439-99-8 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-99-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook neptunium IUPAC 93Np IUPAC Np IUPAC neptunio ChEBI neptunium ChEBI 0 Pu InChI=1S/Pu OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 244.00000 244.00000 [Pu] CAS:7440-07-5 KEGG:C19159 WebElements:Pu plutonium chebi_ontology 94Pu Pu plutonio plutonium CHEBI:33388 plutonium atom CAS:7440-07-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-07-5 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-07-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook plutonium IUPAC 94Pu IUPAC Pu ChEBI plutonio ChEBI plutonium ChEBI 0 Am InChI=1S/Am LXQXZNRPTYVCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 243.00000 243.00000 [Am] CAS:7440-35-9 WebElements:Am americium chebi_ontology 95Am Am Americium Amerizium americio americium CHEBI:33389 americium atom CAS:7440-35-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-35-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook americium IUPAC 95Am IUPAC Am IUPAC Americium ChEBI Amerizium ChEBI americio ChEBI americium ChEBI 0 Cm InChI=1S/Cm NIWWFAAXEMMFMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 247.00000 247.00000 [Cm] CAS:7440-51-9 WebElements:Cm curium chebi_ontology 96Cm Cm curio curium CHEBI:33390 curium atom CAS:7440-51-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-51-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook curium IUPAC 96Cm IUPAC Cm IUPAC curio ChEBI curium ChEBI 0 Bk InChI=1S/Bk PWVKJRSRVJTHTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 247.00000 247.00000 [Bk] CAS:7440-40-6 WebElements:Bk berkelium chebi_ontology 97Bk Berkelium Bk berkelio berkelium CHEBI:33391 berkelium atom CAS:7440-40-6 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-40-6 NIST Chemistry WebBook berkelium IUPAC 97Bk IUPAC Berkelium ChEBI Bk ChEBI berkelio ChEBI berkelium ChEBI 0 Cf InChI=1S/Cf HGLDOAKPQXAFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 251.00000 251.00000 [Cf] CAS:7440-71-3 WebElements:Cf californium chebi_ontology 98Cf Cf Kalifornium californio californium CHEBI:33392 californium atom CAS:7440-71-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-71-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook californium IUPAC 98Cf ChEBI Cf IUPAC Kalifornium ChEBI californio ChEBI californium ChEBI 0 Es InChI=1S/Es CKBRQZNRCSJHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 252.00000 252.00000 [Es] CAS:7429-92-7 WebElements:Es einsteinium chebi_ontology 99Es Es einsteinio einsteinium CHEBI:33393 einsteinium atom CAS:7429-92-7 ChemIDplus CAS:7429-92-7 NIST Chemistry WebBook einsteinium IUPAC 99Es IUPAC Es IUPAC einsteinio ChEBI einsteinium ChEBI 0 Fm InChI=1S/Fm MIORUQGGZCBUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 257.00000 257.00000 [Fm] CAS:7440-72-4 WebElements:Fm fermium chebi_ontology 100Fm Fm fermio CHEBI:33394 fermium CAS:7440-72-4 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-72-4 NIST Chemistry WebBook fermium IUPAC 100Fm IUPAC Fm IUPAC fermio ChEBI 0 Md InChI=1S/Md MQVSLOYRCXQRPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 258.00000 258.00000 [Md] CAS:7440-11-1 WebElements:Md mendelevium chebi_ontology 101Md Md Mendelevium Unu mendelevio mendelevium unnilunium CHEBI:33395 mendelevium atom CAS:7440-11-1 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-11-1 NIST Chemistry WebBook mendelevium IUPAC 101Md IUPAC Md IUPAC Mendelevium ChEBI Unu IUPAC mendelevio ChEBI mendelevium ChEBI unnilunium IUPAC 0 No InChI=1S/No ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 259.00000 259.00000 [No] CAS:10028-14-5 WebElements:No Nobelium nobelium chebi_ontology 102No No Unb nobelio unnilbium CHEBI:33396 nobelium CAS:10028-14-5 ChemIDplus CAS:10028-14-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook Nobelium ChEBI nobelium ChEBI nobelium IUPAC 102No IUPAC No IUPAC Unb IUPAC nobelio ChEBI unnilbium IUPAC 0 Lr InChI=1S/Lr CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 262.00000 262.00000 [Lr] CAS:22537-19-5 WebElements:Lr lawrencium chebi_ontology 103Lr Lr Unt laurencio lawrencio lawrencium unniltrium CHEBI:33397 lawrencium atom CAS:22537-19-5 ChemIDplus lawrencium IUPAC 103Lr IUPAC Lr IUPAC Unt IUPAC laurencio ChEBI lawrencio ChEBI lawrencium ChEBI unniltrium IUPAC chebi_ontology oxoacids of sulfur sulfur oxoacids CHEBI:33402 sulfur oxoacid oxoacids of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoacids ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivative chebi_ontology sulfur oxoacid derivatives CHEBI:33424 sulfur oxoacid derivative sulfur oxoacid derivative ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivatives ChEBI elemental pnictogen sulfur oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoanions of sulfur sulfur oxoanions CHEBI:33482 sulfur oxoanion sulfur oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoanions ChEBI chalcogen oxoacid chebi_ontology chalcogen oxoacids CHEBI:33484 chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacid ChEBI chalcogen oxoacids ChEBI chalcogen oxoanion chebi_ontology chalcogen oxoanions CHEBI:33485 chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanion ChEBI chalcogen oxoanions ChEBI 0 [220Rn] InChI=1S/Rn/i1-2 SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-YPZZEJLDSA-N 220.011 220.01138 [220Rn] CAS:22481-48-7 Gmelin:297037 radon-220 chebi_ontology (220)86Rn (220)Rn Tn radon, isotope of mass 220 radon-220 thoron CHEBI:33491 radon-220 atom CAS:22481-48-7 ChemIDplus Gmelin:297037 Gmelin radon-220 IUPAC (220)86Rn IUPAC (220)Rn IUPAC Tn ChEBI radon, isotope of mass 220 ChemIDplus radon-220 ChEBI thoron ChemIDplus 0 [222Rn] InChI=1S/Rn/i1+0 SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-IGMARMGPSA-N 222.018 222.01757 [222Rn] CAS:14859-67-7 radon-222 chebi_ontology (222)86Rn (222)Rn radon, isotope of mass 222 radon-222 CHEBI:33492 radon-222 atom CAS:14859-67-7 ChemIDplus radon-222 IUPAC (222)86Rn IUPAC (222)Rn IUPAC radon, isotope of mass 222 ChemIDplus radon-222 ChEBI 0 [219Rn] InChI=1S/Rn/i1-3 SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-OIOBTWANSA-N 219.009 219.00947 [219Rn] CAS:14835-02-0 Gmelin:297039 radon-219 chebi_ontology (219)86Rn (219)Rn An actinon radon, isotope of mass 219 radon-219 CHEBI:33493 radon-219 atom CAS:14835-02-0 ChemIDplus Gmelin:297039 Gmelin radon-219 IUPAC (219)86Rn IUPAC (219)Rn IUPAC An ChEBI actinon ChEBI radon, isotope of mass 219 ChemIDplus radon-219 ChEBI transition element molecular entity actinoid molecular entity uranium molecular entity chebi_ontology alkali metal cations CHEBI:33504 alkali metal cation alkali metal cations ChEBI A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010. 0 Cn InChI=1S/Cn NOTIIDSZELDPOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N NaN 0.00000 [Cn] Wikipedia:Copernicium copernicium chebi_ontology 112Cn 112Cp 112Uub Cn Uub ununbium CHEBI:33517 copernicium atom copernicium IUPAC 112Cn ChEBI 112Cp IUPAC 112Uub IUPAC Cn IUPAC Uub IUPAC ununbium ChEBI ununbium IUPAC An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. CHEBI:25217 CHEBI:6788 KEGG:C00050 PMID:21784043 Wikipedia:Metal chebi_ontology elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals CHEBI:33521 metal atom PMID:21784043 Europe PMC elemental metal ChEBI elemental metals ChEBI metal element ChEBI metal elements ChEBI metals ChEBI An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid. alpha-amino-acid anion chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid anion alpha-amino acid anions alpha-amino-acid anions CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion alpha-amino-acid anion ChEBI alpha-amino acid anion ChEBI alpha-amino acid anions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology s-block element s-block elements CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology p-block element p-block elements CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI chebi_ontology d-block element d-block elements CHEBI:33561 d-block element atom d-block element ChEBI d-block elements ChEBI chebi_ontology f-block element f-block elements CHEBI:33562 f-block element atom f-block element ChEBI f-block elements ChEBI Any compound containing an o-diphenol component. CHEBI:134187 CHEBI:13628 CHEBI:18862 KEGG:C15571 chebi_ontology 1,2-benzenediols a catechol benzene-1,2-diols CHEBI:33566 catechols 1,2-benzenediols ChEBI a catechol UniProt benzene-1,2-diols ChEBI 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. CHEBI:23056 CHEBI:3468 KEGG:C02012 Catecholamine catecholamines chebi_ontology catecholamines CHEBI:33567 catecholamine Catecholamine KEGG_COMPOUND catecholamines IUPAC catecholamines ChEBI A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. Beilstein:2210994 CAS:138-65-8 Gmelin:863925 LINCS:LSM-5181 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol chebi_ontology noradrenalina norepinephrine CHEBI:33569 noradrenaline Beilstein:2210994 Beilstein CAS:138-65-8 ChemIDplus CAS:138-65-8 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:863925 Gmelin 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC noradrenalina ChEBI norepinephrine ChEBI CHEBI:22705 CHEBI:22711 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33570 benzenediols The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline. LINCS:LSM-37072 Reaxys:2937999 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol chebi_ontology CHEBI:33571 (S)-noradrenaline Reaxys:2937999 Reaxys 4-[(1S)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol IUPAC A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. 0 CHO2R 45.01740 44.99765 OC([*])=O CHEBI:13428 CHEBI:13627 CHEBI:23027 PMID:17147560 PMID:18433345 Wikipedia:Carboxylic_acid carboxylic acid carboxylic acids chebi_ontology Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid PMID:17147560 Europe PMC PMID:18433345 Europe PMC carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI RC(=O)OH IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas. noble gas molecular entity chebi_ontology noble gas compounds noble gas molecular entities CHEBI:33583 noble gas molecular entity noble gas molecular entity ChEBI noble gas compounds ChEBI noble gas molecular entities ChEBI Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology cyclic compounds CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound cyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology polycyclic compounds CHEBI:33635 polycyclic compound polycyclic compounds ChEBI A molecule that features two fused rings. chebi_ontology bicyclic compounds CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound bicyclic compounds ChEBI A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity chebi_ontology aromatics aromatische Verbindungen CHEBI:33655 aromatic compound aromatic compounds IUPAC aromatic molecular entity IUPAC aromatics ChEBI aromatische Verbindungen ChEBI chebi_ontology organic aromatic compounds CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound organic aromatic compounds ChEBI A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compounds chebi_ontology polyheterocyclic compounds CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound heteropolycyclic compounds IUPAC polyheterocyclic compounds ChEBI A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. heterobicyclic compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:33672 heterobicyclic compound heterobicyclic compounds IUPAC An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity chebi_ontology s-block compounds s-block molecular entities CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI d-block molecular entity f-block molecular entity helium molecular entity chebi_ontology helium compounds helium molecular entities CHEBI:33679 helium molecular entity helium molecular entity ChEBI helium compounds ChEBI helium molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33680 elemental helium Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33692 hydrides oxygen hydride chebi_ontology hydrides of oxygen oxygen hydrides CHEBI:33693 oxygen hydride oxygen hydride ChEBI hydrides of oxygen ChEBI oxygen hydrides ChEBI A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer chebi_ontology Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule biopolymer IUPAC Biopolymere ChEBI biomacromolecules ChEBI biopolymers ChEBI chebi_ontology genetically encoded biomacromolecules genetically encoded biopolymers information biomacromolecules information biopolymers information macromolecule information macromolecules CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule genetically encoded biomacromolecules ChEBI genetically encoded biopolymers ChEBI information biomacromolecules ChEBI information biopolymers ChEBI information macromolecule ChEBI information macromolecules ChEBI A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose and phosphoric acid. nucleic acids chebi_ontology NA Nukleinsaeure Nukleinsaeuren acide nucleique acides nucleiques acido nucleico acidos nucleicos CHEBI:33696 nucleic acid nucleic acids IUPAC NA ChEBI Nukleinsaeure ChEBI Nukleinsaeuren ChEBI acide nucleique ChEBI acides nucleiques ChEBI acido nucleico ChEBI acidos nucleicos ChEBI High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. CAS:63231-63-0 ribonucleic acid ribonucleic acids chebi_ontology RNA RNS Ribonukleinsaeure pentosenucleic acids ribonucleic acids ribose nucleic acid yeast nucleic acid CHEBI:33697 ribonucleic acid CAS:63231-63-0 ChemIDplus ribonucleic acid IUPAC ribonucleic acids IUPAC RNA IUPAC RNA UniProt RNS ChEBI Ribonukleinsaeure ChEBI pentosenucleic acids ChemIDplus ribonucleic acids ChEBI ribose nucleic acid ChEBI yeast nucleic acid ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residues common amino acid residues proteinogenic amino-acid residues standard amino acid residues standard amino-acid residues CHEBI:33700 proteinogenic amino-acid residue canonical amino-acid residue ChEBI canonical amino-acid residues ChEBI common amino acid residues ChEBI proteinogenic amino-acid residues ChEBI standard amino acid residues ChEBI standard amino-acid residues ChEBI A cation consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic cations CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation polyatomic cations ChEBI chebi_ontology amino acid cation amino acid cations amino-acid cations CHEBI:33703 amino-acid cation amino acid cation ChEBI amino acid cations ChEBI amino-acid cations ChEBI An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.05870 74.02420 NC([*])C(O)=O CHEBI:10208 CHEBI:13779 CHEBI:22442 CHEBI:2642 KEGG:C00045 KEGG:C05167 alpha-amino acid chebi_ontology Amino acid Amino acids alpha-amino acids alpha-amino carboxylic acids CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid alpha-amino acid IUPAC Amino acid KEGG_COMPOUND Amino acids KEGG_COMPOUND alpha-amino acids ChEBI alpha-amino acids JCBN alpha-amino carboxylic acids IUPAC When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. amino-acid residue chebi_ontology amino acid residue amino acid residues amino-acid residues CHEBI:33708 amino-acid residue amino-acid residue IUPAC amino acid residue ChEBI amino acid residues ChEBI amino-acid residues JCBN A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:13815 CHEBI:22477 Wikipedia:Amino_acid chebi_ontology Aminocarbonsaeure Aminokarbonsaeure Aminosaeure amino acids CHEBI:33709 amino acid Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminosaeure ChEBI amino acids ChEBI An amino-acid residue derived from an alpha-amino acid. 0 C2H2NOR 56.043 56.01364 *-NC([*])C(-*)=O chebi_ontology alpha-amino-acid residues an alpha-amino acid residue CHEBI:33710 alpha-amino-acid residue alpha-amino-acid residues ChEBI an alpha-amino acid residue UniProt chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid cation alpha-amino acid cations alpha-amino-acid cations CHEBI:33719 alpha-amino-acid cation alpha-amino acid cation ChEBI alpha-amino acid cations ChEBI alpha-amino-acid cations ChEBI carbohydrate acid chebi_ontology carbohydrate acids CHEBI:33720 carbohydrate acid carbohydrate acid ChEBI carbohydrate acids ChEBI carbohydrate acid anion chebi_ontology carbohydrate acid anions CHEBI:33721 carbohydrate acid anion carbohydrate acid anion ChEBI carbohydrate acid anions ChEBI iron group molecular entity copper group molecular entity nickel group molecular entity platinum molecular entity chebi_ontology canonical nucleoside residues common nucleoside residues nucleoside residue standard nucleoside residues CHEBI:33791 canonical nucleoside residue canonical nucleoside residues ChEBI common nucleoside residues CBN nucleoside residue CBN standard nucleoside residues ChEBI chebi_ontology N Nuc canonical ribonucleoside residues common ribonucleoside residue common ribonucleoside residues standard ribonucleoside residues CHEBI:33792 canonical ribonucleoside residue N CBN Nuc CBN canonical ribonucleoside residues ChEBI common ribonucleoside residue CBN common ribonucleoside residues CBN standard ribonucleoside residues ChEBI The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance. 0 [18O] InChI=1S/O/i1+2 QVGXLLKOCUKJST-NJFSPNSNSA-N 17.999 17.99916 [18O] CAS:14797-71-8 Gmelin:17562 oxygen-18 chebi_ontology (18)8O (18)O heavy oxygen oxygen, isotope of mass 18 oxygen-18 schwerer Sauerstoff CHEBI:33815 oxygen-18 atom CAS:14797-71-8 ChemIDplus Gmelin:17562 Gmelin oxygen-18 IUPAC (18)8O IUPAC (18)O IUPAC heavy oxygen ChEBI oxygen, isotope of mass 18 ChemIDplus oxygen-18 ChEBI schwerer Sauerstoff ChEBI The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.994914. The most abundant (99.76 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen. 0 [16O] InChI=1S/O/i1+0 QVGXLLKOCUKJST-IGMARMGPSA-N 15.995 15.99491 [16O] Gmelin:17560 oxygen-16 chebi_ontology (16)8O (16)O oxygen-16 CHEBI:33818 oxygen-16 atom Gmelin:17560 Gmelin oxygen-16 IUPAC (16)8O IUPAC (16)O IUPAC oxygen-16 ChEBI The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 16.999131. The least abundant (0.038 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen. 0 [17O] InChI=1S/O/i1+1 QVGXLLKOCUKJST-OUBTZVSYSA-N 16.999 16.99913 [17O] CAS:13968-48-4 Gmelin:17561 oxygen-17 chebi_ontology (17)8O (17)O oxygen, isotope of mass 17 oxygen-17 CHEBI:33819 oxygen-17 atom CAS:13968-48-4 ChemIDplus Gmelin:17561 Gmelin oxygen-17 IUPAC (17)8O IUPAC (17)O IUPAC oxygen, isotope of mass 17 ChemIDplus oxygen-17 ChEBI An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. CHEBI:64710 hydroxy compounds chebi_ontology organic alcohol organic hydroxy compounds CHEBI:33822 organic hydroxy compound hydroxy compounds IUPAC organic alcohol ChEBI organic hydroxy compounds ChEBI Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. chebi_ontology organic cyclic compounds CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound organic cyclic compounds ChEBI A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarenes chebi_ontology hetarenes CHEBI:33833 heteroarene heteroarenes IUPAC hetarenes IUPAC Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion. COMe:PRX000001 conjugated proteins chebi_ontology complex protein CHEBI:33837 conjugated protein conjugated proteins IUPAC complex protein COMe A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. Wikipedia:Macromolecule macromolecule chebi_ontology macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers CHEBI:33839 macromolecule macromolecule IUPAC macromolecules ChEBI polymer ChEBI polymer molecule IUPAC polymers ChEBI Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. CHEBI:13664 CHEBI:13825 CHEBI:25969 CHEBI:2857 KEGG:C15584 MetaCyc:Phenols Wikipedia:Phenols phenols chebi_ontology Aryl alcohol a phenol arenols CHEBI:33853 phenols phenols IUPAC Aryl alcohol KEGG_COMPOUND a phenol UniProt arenols IUPAC A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent chebi_ontology reactif reactivo reagents CHEBI:33893 reagent reagent IUPAC reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. CHEBI:2558 aldohexose chebi_ontology aldohexoses CHEBI:33917 aldohexose aldohexose ChEBI aldohexoses ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. chebi_ontology macronutrients CHEBI:33937 macronutrient macronutrients ChEBI halide salt gold molecular entity An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3. 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology serotonin serotonin cation CHEBI:350546 serotonin(1+) 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC serotonin UniProt serotonin cation ChEBI chebi_ontology nitrogen hydrides CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride nitrogen hydrides ChEBI Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. chebi_ontology azanes CHEBI:35107 azane azanes ChEBI A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor chebi_ontology inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors CHEBI:35222 inhibitor inhibitor IUPAC inhibidor ChEBI inhibiteur ChEBI inhibitors ChEBI A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction. catalyst chebi_ontology Katalysator catalizador catalyseur CHEBI:35223 catalyst catalyst IUPAC Katalysator ChEBI catalizador ChEBI catalyseur ChEBI fossil fuel The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. amino acid zwitterion chebi_ontology amino acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterions amino-acid zwitterions CHEBI:35238 amino acid zwitterion amino-acid zwitterion amino acid zwitterion ChEBI amino acid zwitterion ChEBI amino acid zwitterions ChEBI amino-acid zwitterions ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. CHEBI:26470 CHEBI:8693 KEGG:C06703 quaternary ammonium ion chebi_ontology Quaternary amine a quaternary ammonium quaternary ammonium ions CHEBI:35267 quaternary ammonium ion quaternary ammonium ion IUPAC Quaternary amine KEGG_COMPOUND a quaternary ammonium UniProt quaternary ammonium ions ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). chebi_ontology ammonium ion derivatives azanium ion derivative azanium ion derivatives CHEBI:35274 ammonium ion derivative ammonium ion derivatives ChEBI azanium ion derivative ChEBI azanium ion derivatives ChEBI A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. CHEBI:13245 CHEBI:22227 CHEBI:2463 KEGG:C01777 chebi_ontology acylcholines an acylcholine CHEBI:35287 acylcholine acylcholines ChEBI an acylcholine UniProt Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. CHEBI:13687 CHEBI:26768 CHEBI:9263 KEGG:C00377 MetaCyc:Steroids Steroid steroids chebi_ontology a steroid CHEBI:35341 steroid Steroid KEGG_COMPOUND steroids IUPAC a steroid UniProt CHEBI:24748 CHEBI:5814 KEGG:C02159 chebi_ontology Hydroxysteroid hydroxy steroids hydroxysteroids CHEBI:35350 hydroxy steroid Hydroxysteroid KEGG_COMPOUND hydroxy steroids ChEBI hydroxysteroids ChEBI Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogens ChEBI Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. CHEBI:25407 CHEBI:6984 KEGG:C06698 Monosaccharide monosaccharides chebi_ontology Monosaccharid Monosacharid monosacarido monosacaridos CHEBI:35381 monosaccharide Monosaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND monosaccharides IUPAC Monosaccharid ChEBI Monosacharid ChEBI monosacarido ChEBI monosacaridos IUPAC An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. CHEBI:33274 CHEBI:33436 oxoanion chebi_ontology oxoacid anions oxoanions CHEBI:35406 oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI oxoacid anions ChEBI oxoanions ChEBI A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. chebi_ontology anti-inflammatory drugs antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory drug antiinflammatory drugs CHEBI:35472 anti-inflammatory drug anti-inflammatory drugs ChEBI antiinflammatory agent ChEBI antiinflammatory drug ChEBI antiinflammatory drugs ChEBI chebi_ontology alkali metal salts CHEBI:35479 alkali metal salt alkali metal salts ChEBI natural product fundamental parents chebi_ontology CHEBI:35507 natural product fundamental parent natural product fundamental parents IUPAC chebi_ontology steroid fundamental parents CHEBI:35508 steroid fundamental parent steroid fundamental parents ChEBI cholane chebi_ontology CHEBI:35519 cholane cholane IUPAC A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. chebi_ontology sympathomimetic sympathomimetics CHEBI:35524 sympathomimetic agent sympathomimetic ChEBI sympathomimetics ChEBI A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. chebi_ontology cardiovascular agent cardiovascular drugs CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug cardiovascular agent ChEBI cardiovascular drugs ChEBI An agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology alpha-adrenergic agonists alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist alpha-adrenoceptor agonists CHEBI:35569 alpha-adrenergic agonist alpha-adrenergic agonists ChEBI alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI alpha-adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. carbon oxoanion chebi_ontology carbon oxoanions oxocarbon anion oxocarbon anions CHEBI:35604 carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanion ChEBI carbon oxoanions ChEBI oxocarbon anion ChEBI oxocarbon anions ChEBI chebi_ontology carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid carbon oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of carbon ChEBI A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology vasodilator vasodilator agents CHEBI:35620 vasodilator agent vasodilator ChEBI vasodilator agents ChEBI Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. CHEBI:23692 CHEBI:36172 CHEBI:4501 KEGG:C02028 Dicarboxylic acid chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acids CHEBI:35692 dicarboxylic acid Dicarboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND dicarboxylic acids ChEBI dicarboxylic acid anion chebi_ontology dicarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35693 dicarboxylic acid anion dicarboxylic acid anion ChEBI dicarboxylic acid anions ChEBI A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. CHEBI:23960 CHEBI:4859 KEGG:C00287 Wikipedia:Ester Ester chebi_ontology esters CHEBI:35701 ester Ester KEGG_COMPOUND esters ChEBI chebi_ontology glycosaminoglycan sulfate glycosaminoglycan sulfates sulfated glycosaminoglycans CHEBI:35722 sulfated glycosaminoglycan glycosaminoglycan sulfate ChEBI glycosaminoglycan sulfates ChEBI sulfated glycosaminoglycans ChEBI chebi_ontology carbohydrate sulfates carbohydrate sulphates CHEBI:35724 carbohydrate sulfate carbohydrate sulfates ChEBI carbohydrate sulphates ChEBI A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. CHEBI:13657 CHEBI:25382 CHEBI:3407 KEGG:C00060 chebi_ontology Carboxylate Monocarboxylate a monocarboxylate monocarboxylates monocarboxylic acid anions CHEBI:35757 monocarboxylic acid anion Carboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND Monocarboxylate KEGG_COMPOUND a monocarboxylate UniProt monocarboxylates ChEBI monocarboxylic acid anions ChEBI pnictogen hydride chebi_ontology pnictogen hydrides CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. chebi_ontology neurotransmitter agents CHEBI:35942 neurotransmitter agent neurotransmitter agents ChEBI CHEBI:22867 CHEBI:50419 LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04 chebi_ontology bile acids and derivatives cholanoids CHEBI:36078 cholanoid LIPID_MAPS_class:LMST04 LIPID MAPS bile acids and derivatives LIPID_MAPS cholanoids ChEBI A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:13677 CHEBI:14911 MO:683 MeSH:D011506 NCIt:C17021 PRO:000000001 SNOMEDCT:88878007 proteins chebi_ontology CHEBI:36080 protein proteins IUPAC inorganic chloride chebi_ontology bile acid anions CHEBI:36235 bile acid anion bile acid anions ChEBI A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24. CAS:25312-65-6 Patent:JP2008069152 Reaxys:13246008 cholan-24-oic acid chebi_ontology CHEBI:36237 cholanic acid CAS:25312-65-6 ChemIDplus Reaxys:13246008 Reaxys cholan-24-oic acid IUPAC Beilstein:3214794 CAS:546-18-9 LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid 5beta-cholanic acid chebi_ontology (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid (5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid 5beta-cholanoic acid ursocholanic acid CHEBI:36238 5beta-cholanic acid Beilstein:3214794 Beilstein CAS:546-18-9 ChemIDplus LIPID_MAPS_instance:LMST04010441 LIPID MAPS 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid IUPAC 5beta-cholanic acid ChemIDplus (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid ChemIDplus (5beta,17beta)-gamma-methylandrostane-17-butanoic acid ChemIDplus 5beta-cholanoic acid ChemIDplus ursocholanic acid ChemIDplus Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5beta-cholane skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36248 5beta-cholanic acids A salt of a bile acid. chebi_ontology bile acid salts CHEBI:36277 bile acid salt bile acid salts ChEBI CHEBI:23166 CHEBI:23211 chebi_ontology CHEBI:36278 cholanic acids Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology leptons CHEBI:36338 lepton leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology baryons CHEBI:36339 baryon baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion chebi_ontology fermions CHEBI:36340 fermion fermion IUPAC fermions ChEBI Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose. boson chebi_ontology bosons CHEBI:36341 boson boson IUPAC bosons ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle chebi_ontology subatomic particles CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology composite particles CHEBI:36343 composite particle composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology hadrons CHEBI:36344 hadron hadrons ChEBI A hadron with zero or integer spin; a strongly interacting boson. The term is derived from the Greek muepsilonsigmaomicronsigma (medium, middle). chebi_ontology mesons CHEBI:36345 meson mesons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle nuclear particle IUPAC The collective name for zero-spin mesons pi(+), pi(-) and pi(0). pi meson pion chebi_ontology pi-meson CHEBI:36348 pi meson pi meson ChEBI pion IUPAC pi-meson ChEBI Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.113428913(17) u, or 105.658389(34) MeV. -1 0.113428913 muon chebi_ontology Mueon My-Teilchen Myon mu(-) negative muon CHEBI:36356 muon muon IUPAC Mueon ChEBI My-Teilchen ChEBI Myon ChEBI mu(-) IUPAC negative muon ChEBI Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI An ion consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic ions CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion polyatomic ions ChEBI Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds chebi_ontology CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound carbonyl compounds IUPAC Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds chebi_ontology organic oxo compounds CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound oxo compounds IUPAC organic oxo compounds ChEBI Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36735 biladienes chalcogen hydride chebi_ontology chalcogen hydrides CHEBI:36902 chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydride ChEBI chalcogen hydrides ChEBI argon molecular entity chebi_ontology inorganic ions CHEBI:36914 inorganic ion inorganic ions ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic cations CHEBI:36915 inorganic cation inorganic cations ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. CHEBI:23058 CHEBI:3473 KEGG:C01373 Cation cation chebi_ontology Kation Kationen cationes cations CHEBI:36916 cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI cation IUPAC Kation ChEBI Kationen ChEBI cationes ChEBI cations ChEBI 0 [14C] InChI=1S/C/i1+2 OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-NJFSPNSNSA-N 14.003 14.00324 [14C] CAS:14762-75-5 Wikipedia:Carbon-14 carbon-14 chebi_ontology (14)6C (14)C carbon, isotope of mass 14 carbon-14 CHEBI:36927 carbon-14 atom CAS:14762-75-5 ChemIDplus carbon-14 IUPAC (14)6C IUPAC (14)C IUPAC carbon, isotope of mass 14 ChemIDplus carbon-14 ChEBI 0 [13C] InChI=1S/C/i1+1 OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N 13.003 13.00335 [13C] CAS:14762-74-4 carbon-13 carbon-13 atom chebi_ontology (13)6C (13)C carbon, isotope of mass 13 carbon-13 CHEBI:36928 carbon-13 atom CAS:14762-74-4 ChemIDplus carbon-13 IUPAC carbon-13 atom ChemIDplus (13)6C IUPAC (13)C IUPAC carbon, isotope of mass 13 ChemIDplus carbon-13 ChEBI 0 [11C] InChI=1S/C/i1-1 OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-BJUDXGSMSA-N 11.011 11.01143 [11C] CAS:14333-33-6 carbon-11 chebi_ontology (11)6C (11)C carbon, isotope of mass 11 carbon-11 CHEBI:36929 carbon-11 atom CAS:14333-33-6 ChemIDplus carbon-11 IUPAC (11)6C IUPAC (11)C IUPAC carbon, isotope of mass 11 ChemIDplus carbon-11 ChEBI 0 [10C] InChI=1S/C/i1-2 OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-YPZZEJLDSA-N 10.017 10.01685 [10C] CAS:15578-68-4 carbon-10 chebi_ontology (10)6C (10)C carbon, isotope of mass 10 carbon-10 CHEBI:36930 carbon-10 atom CAS:15578-68-4 ChemIDplus carbon-10 IUPAC (10)6C IUPAC (10)C IUPAC carbon, isotope of mass 10 ChemIDplus carbon-10 ChEBI 0 [12C] InChI=1S/C/i1+0 OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-IGMARMGPSA-N 12.000 12.00000 [12C] carbon-12 chebi_ontology (12)6C (12)C carbon-12 CHEBI:36931 carbon-12 atom carbon-12 IUPAC (12)6C IUPAC (12)C IUPAC carbon-12 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.003065. The longest-lived oxygen radionuclide with half-life of 122.2 s. 0 [15O] InChI=1S/O/i1-1 QVGXLLKOCUKJST-BJUDXGSMSA-N 15.003 15.00307 [15O] CAS:13982-43-9 Gmelin:316575 oxygen-15 chebi_ontology (15)8O (15)O oxygen, isotope of mass 15 oxygen-15 CHEBI:36932 oxygen-15 atom CAS:13982-43-9 ChemIDplus Gmelin:316575 Gmelin oxygen-15 IUPAC (15)8O IUPAC (15)O IUPAC oxygen, isotope of mass 15 ChemIDplus oxygen-15 ChEBI 0 [19O] InChI=1S/O/i1+3 QVGXLLKOCUKJST-AKLPVKDBSA-N 19.004 19.00358 [19O] CAS:13982-18-8 oxygen-19 chebi_ontology (19)8O (19)O oxygen-19 CHEBI:36933 oxygen-19 atom CAS:13982-18-8 ChemIDplus oxygen-19 IUPAC (19)8O IUPAC (19)O IUPAC oxygen-19 ChEBI The stable isotope of nitrogen with relative atomic mass 15.000109. The least abundant (0.368 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring nitrogen. 0 N 14.007 14.00307 CAS:14390-96-6 nitrogen-15 chebi_ontology (15)7N (15)N nitrogen, isotope of mass 15 nitrogen-15 CHEBI:36934 nitrogen-15 atom CAS:14390-96-6 ChemIDplus nitrogen-15 IUPAC (15)7N IUPAC (15)N IUPAC nitrogen, isotope of mass 15 ChemIDplus nitrogen-15 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of nitrogen with relative atomic mass 13.0057386. The longest-lived nitrogen radionuclide with half-life of 9.965 min. 0 N 14.007 14.00307 CAS:13981-22-1 nitrogen-13 chebi_ontology (13)7N (13)N nitrogen, isotope of mass 13 nitrogen-13 CHEBI:36935 nitrogen-13 atom CAS:13981-22-1 ChemIDplus nitrogen-13 IUPAC (13)7N IUPAC (13)N IUPAC nitrogen, isotope of mass 13 ChemIDplus nitrogen-13 ChEBI 0 N 14.007 14.00307 CAS:13981-62-9 nitrogen-16 chebi_ontology (16)7N (16)N nitrogen, isotope of mass 16 nitrogen-16 CHEBI:36936 nitrogen-16 atom CAS:13981-62-9 ChemIDplus nitrogen-16 IUPAC (16)7N IUPAC (16)N IUPAC nitrogen, isotope of mass 16 ChemIDplus nitrogen-16 ChEBI 0 N 14.007 14.00307 CAS:14914-35-3 nitrogen-17 chebi_ontology (17)7N (17)N nitrogen-17 CHEBI:36937 nitrogen-17 atom CAS:14914-35-3 ChemIDplus nitrogen-17 IUPAC (17)7N IUPAC (17)N ChEBI nitrogen-17 ChEBI The stable isotope of nitrogen with relative atomic mass 14.003074. The most abundant (99.63 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring nitrogen. 0 N 14.007 14.00307 nitrogen-14 chebi_ontology (14)7N (14)N nitrogen-14 CHEBI:36938 nitrogen-14 atom nitrogen-14 IUPAC (14)7N IUPAC (14)N IUPAC nitrogen-14 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of fluorine with relative atomic mass 18.000938. The longest-lived fluorine radionuclide with half-life of 109.77 min. 0 [18F] InChI=1S/F/i1-1 YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-BJUDXGSMSA-N 18.001 18.00094 [18F] CAS:13981-56-1 DrugBank:DB13134 Wikipedia:Fluorine-18 fluorine-18 chebi_ontology (18)9F (18)F fluorine, isotope of mass 18 fluorine-18 CHEBI:36939 fluorine-18 atom CAS:13981-56-1 ChemIDplus fluorine-18 IUPAC (18)9F IUPAC (18)F IUPAC fluorine, isotope of mass 18 ChemIDplus fluorine-18 ChEBI The stable isotope of fluorine with relative atomic mass 18.998403 and nuclear spin (1)/2. 0 [19F] InChI=1S/F/i1+0 YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-IGMARMGPSA-N 18.998 18.99840 [19F] fluorine-19 chebi_ontology (19)9F (19)F fluorine-19 CHEBI:36940 fluorine-19 atom fluorine-19 IUPAC (19)9F IUPAC (19)F ChEBI fluorine-19 ChEBI chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acids chebi_ontology chalcocarbonic acids CHEBI:36961 chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acid ChEBI chalcocarbonic acids IUPAC chalcocarbonic acids ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. PMID:17586126 organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound PMID:17586126 Europe PMC organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI The radioactive isotope of helium with relative atomic mass 6.01889 and half-life of 806.7 ms. 0 [6He] InChI=1S/He/i1+2 SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-NJFSPNSNSA-N 6.019 6.01889 [6He] helium-6 chebi_ontology (6)2He (6)He helium-6 CHEBI:37003 helium-6 atom helium-6 IUPAC (6)2He IUPAC (6)He IUPAC helium-6 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of helium with relative atomic mass 8.03392 and half-life of 119.0 ms. 0 [8He] InChI=1S/He/i1+4 SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-RNFDNDRNSA-N 8.034 8.03392 [8He] helium-8 chebi_ontology (8)2He (8)He helium-8 CHEBI:37004 helium-8 atom helium-8 IUPAC (8)2He IUPAC (8)He IUPAC helium-8 ChEBI amino-acid anion chebi_ontology amino acid anion amino acid anions amino-acid anions CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion amino-acid anion ChEBI amino acid anion ChEBI amino acid anions ChEBI amino-acid anions ChEBI A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues. CHEBI:24255 CHEBI:5392 CAS:9037-91-6 KEGG:C01379 Glucan glucan chebi_ontology glucans CHEBI:37163 glucan CAS:9037-91-6 ChemIDplus Glucan KEGG_COMPOUND glucan IUPAC glucans ChEBI Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'. homopolysaccharide chebi_ontology homoglycan homopolysaccharides CHEBI:37164 homopolysaccharide homopolysaccharide IUPAC homoglycan IUPAC homopolysaccharides ChEBI chebi_ontology organic hydrides CHEBI:37175 organic hydride organic hydrides ChEBI mononuclear parent hydrides chebi_ontology mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC chebi_ontology CHEBI:37246 elemental sodium The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 209.98286 and half-life of 138.376 days; the only naturally occurring isotope of polonium. 0 [210Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+1 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-OUBTZVSYSA-N 209.983 209.98286 [210Po] CAS:13981-52-7 Gmelin:76756 polonium-210 chebi_ontology (210)84Po (210)Po polonium, isotope of mass 210 polonium-210 CHEBI:37340 polonium-210 atom CAS:13981-52-7 ChemIDplus Gmelin:76756 Gmelin polonium-210 IUPAC (210)84Po IUPAC (210)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 210 ChemIDplus polonium-210 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 210.986637 and half-life of 0.516 s. 0 [211Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+2 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-NJFSPNSNSA-N 210.987 210.98664 [211Po] CAS:15735-83-8 Gmelin:41683 polonium-211 chebi_ontology (211)84Po (211)Po polonium, isotope of mass 211 polonium-211 CHEBI:37341 polonium-211 atom CAS:15735-83-8 ChemIDplus Gmelin:41683 Gmelin polonium-211 IUPAC (211)84Po IUPAC (211)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 211 ChemIDplus polonium-211 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 211.988852 and half-life of 0.299 mus. 0 [212Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+3 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-AKLPVKDBSA-N 211.989 211.98885 [212Po] CAS:15389-34-1 Gmelin:41677 polonium-212 chebi_ontology (212)84Po (212)Po polonium, isotope of mass 212 polonium-212 CHEBI:37342 polonium-212 atom CAS:15389-34-1 ChemIDplus Gmelin:41677 Gmelin polonium-212 IUPAC (212)84Po IUPAC (212)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 212 ChemIDplus polonium-212 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 212.9928425 and half-life of 4.2 mus. 0 [213Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+4 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-RNFDNDRNSA-N 212.993 212.99284 [213Po] CAS:15756-57-7 polonium-213 chebi_ontology (213)84Po (213)Po polonium, isotope of mass 213 polonium-213 CHEBI:37343 polonium-213 atom CAS:15756-57-7 ChemIDplus polonium-213 IUPAC (213)84Po IUPAC (213)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 213 ChemIDplus polonium-213 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 213.995186 and half-life of 164.3 mus. 0 [214Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+5 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-BKFZFHPZSA-N 213.995 213.99519 [214Po] CAS:15735-67-8 Gmelin:41679 polonium-214 chebi_ontology (214)84Po (214)Po polonium, isotope of mass 214 polonium-214 CHEBI:37344 polonium-214 atom CAS:15735-67-8 ChemIDplus Gmelin:41679 Gmelin polonium-214 IUPAC (214)84Po IUPAC (214)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 214 ChemIDplus polonium-214 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 214.999415 and half-life of 1.781 ms. 0 [215Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+6 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-LZFNBGRKSA-N 214.999 214.99941 [215Po] CAS:15706-52-2 Gmelin:41680 polonium-215 chebi_ontology (215)84Po (215)Po polonium, isotope of mass 215 polonium-215 CHEBI:37345 polonium-215 atom CAS:15706-52-2 ChemIDplus Gmelin:41680 Gmelin polonium-215 IUPAC (215)84Po IUPAC (215)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 215 ChemIDplus polonium-215 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 216.001905 and half-life of 0.145 s. 0 [216Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+7 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-RKEGKUSMSA-N 216.002 216.00191 [216Po] CAS:15756-58-8 Gmelin:41684 polonium-216 chebi_ontology (216)84Po (216)Po polonium, isotope of mass 216 polonium-216 CHEBI:37346 polonium-216 atom CAS:15756-58-8 ChemIDplus Gmelin:41684 Gmelin polonium-216 IUPAC (216)84Po IUPAC (216)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 216 ChemIDplus polonium-216 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 217.006253 and half-life of < 10 s. 0 [217Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+8 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-CONNIKPHSA-N 217.006 217.00625 [217Po] polonium-217 chebi_ontology (217)84Po (217)Po polonium-217 CHEBI:37347 polonium-217 atom polonium-217 IUPAC (217)84Po IUPAC (217)Po IUPAC polonium-217 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 218.008966 and half-life of 3.10 min. 0 [218Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+9 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-KUYOKYOWSA-N 218.009 218.00897 [218Po] CAS:15422-74-9 Gmelin:41685 polonium-218 chebi_ontology (218)84Po (218)Po polonium, isotope of mass 218 polonium-218 CHEBI:37348 polonium-218 atom CAS:15422-74-9 ChemIDplus Gmelin:41685 Gmelin polonium-218 IUPAC (218)84Po IUPAC (218)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 218 ChemIDplus polonium-218 ChEBI 0 [190Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-19 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-BTCYYSDASA-N 189.994 189.99429 [190Po] polonium-190 chebi_ontology (190)84Po (190)Po polonium-190 CHEBI:37350 polonium-190 atom polonium-190 IUPAC (190)84Po IUPAC (190)Po IUPAC polonium-190 ChEBI 0 [191Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-18 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-ZWLOOBQPSA-N 190.995 190.99465 [191Po] polonium-191 chebi_ontology (191)84Po (191)Po polonium-191 CHEBI:37351 polonium-191 atom polonium-191 IUPAC (191)84Po IUPAC (191)Po IUPAC polonium-191 ChEBI 0 [192Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-17 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-MEAORNGASA-N 191.990 191.99033 [192Po] polonium-192 chebi_ontology (192)84Po (192)Po polonium-192 CHEBI:37352 polonium-192 atom polonium-192 IUPAC (192)84Po IUPAC (192)Po IUPAC polonium-192 ChEBI 0 [193Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-16 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-KLOSUXQXSA-N 192.991 192.99110 [193Po] polonium-193 chebi_ontology (193)84Po (193)Po polonium-193 CHEBI:37353 polonium-193 atom polonium-193 IUPAC (193)84Po IUPAC (193)Po IUPAC polonium-193 ChEBI 0 [194Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-15 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-LPJXZZDMSA-N 193.988 193.98828 [194Po] polonium-194 chebi_ontology (194)84Po (194)Po polonium-194 CHEBI:37354 polonium-194 atom polonium-194 IUPAC (194)84Po IUPAC (194)Po IUPAC polonium-194 ChEBI 0 [195Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-14 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-DWTUDRKQSA-N 194.988 194.98804 [195Po] polonium-195 chebi_ontology (195)84Po (195)Po polonium-195 CHEBI:37355 polonium-195 atom polonium-195 IUPAC (195)84Po IUPAC (195)Po IUPAC polonium-195 ChEBI 0 [196Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-13 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-QAPNMCNYSA-N 195.985 195.98547 [196Po] polonium-196 chebi_ontology (196)84Po (196)Po polonium-196 CHEBI:37356 polonium-196 atom polonium-196 IUPAC (196)84Po IUPAC (196)Po IUPAC polonium-196 ChEBI 0 [197Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-12 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-DFNMHJECSA-N 196.986 196.98557 [197Po] polonium-197 chebi_ontology (197)84Po (197)Po polonium-197 CHEBI:37357 polonium-197 atom polonium-197 IUPAC (197)84Po ChEBI (197)Po ChEBI polonium-197 ChEBI 0 [198Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-11 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-DSSHQIQSSA-N 197.984 197.98402 [198Po] polonium-198 chebi_ontology (198)84Po (198)Po polonium-198 CHEBI:37358 polonium-198 atom polonium-198 IUPAC (198)84Po IUPAC (198)Po IUPAC polonium-198 ChEBI 0 [199Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-10 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-CBESVEIWSA-N 198.985 198.98504 [199Po] polonium-199 chebi_ontology (199)84Po (199)Po polonium-199 CHEBI:37359 polonium-199 atom polonium-199 IUPAC (199)84Po IUPAC (199)Po IUPAC polonium-199 ChEBI 0 [200Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-9 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-DBXDQKISSA-N 199.982 199.98173 [200Po] polonium-200 chebi_ontology (200)84Po (200)Po polonium-200 CHEBI:37360 polonium-200 atom polonium-200 IUPAC (200)84Po IUPAC (200)Po IUPAC polonium-200 ChEBI 0 [201Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-8 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-QQVBLGSISA-N 200.982 200.98221 [201Po] polonium-201 chebi_ontology (201)84Po (201)Po polonium-201 CHEBI:37361 polonium-201 atom polonium-201 IUPAC (201)84Po IUPAC (201)Po IUPAC polonium-201 ChEBI 0 [202Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-7 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-NOHWODKXSA-N 201.981 201.98070 [202Po] polonium-202 chebi_ontology (202)84Po (202)Po polonium-202 CHEBI:37362 polonium-202 atom polonium-202 IUPAC (202)84Po IUPAC (202)Po IUPAC polonium-202 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 202.981413 and half-life of 36.7 min. 0 [203Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-6 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-VENIDDJXSA-N 202.981 202.98141 [203Po] CAS:16729-74-1 polonium-203 chebi_ontology (203)84Po (203)Po polonium, isotope of mass 203 polonium-203 CHEBI:37363 polonium-203 atom CAS:16729-74-1 ChemIDplus polonium-203 IUPAC (203)84Po IUPAC (203)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 203 ChemIDplus polonium-203 ChEBI 0 [204Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-5 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-FTXFMUIASA-N 203.980 203.98031 [204Po] polonium-204 chebi_ontology (204)84Po (204)Po polonium-204 CHEBI:37364 polonium-204 atom polonium-204 IUPAC (204)84Po IUPAC (204)Po IUPAC polonium-204 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 204.981165 and half-life of 1.66 h. 0 [205Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-4 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-AHCXROLUSA-N 204.981 204.98117 [205Po] CAS:16729-76-3 polonium-205 chebi_ontology (205)84Po (205)Po polonium, isotope of mass 205 polonium-205 CHEBI:37365 polonium-205 atom CAS:16729-76-3 ChemIDplus polonium-205 IUPAC (205)84Po IUPAC (205)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 205 ChemIDplus polonium-205 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 205.98047 and half-life of 8.8 days. 0 [206Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-3 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-OIOBTWANSA-N 205.980 205.98047 [206Po] polonium-206 chebi_ontology (206)84Po (206)Po polonium-206 CHEBI:37366 polonium-206 atom polonium-206 IUPAC (206)84Po IUPAC (206)Po IUPAC polonium-206 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 206.981578 and half-life of 5.80 h. 0 [207Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-2 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-YPZZEJLDSA-N 206.982 206.98158 [207Po] CAS:15720-45-3 polonium-207 chebi_ontology (207)84Po (207)Po polonium, isotope of mass 207 polonium-207 CHEBI:37367 polonium-207 atom CAS:15720-45-3 ChemIDplus polonium-207 IUPAC (207)84Po IUPAC (207)Po IUPAC polonium, isotope of mass 207 ChemIDplus polonium-207 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 207.98123 and half-life of 2.898 years. 0 [208Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1-1 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-BJUDXGSMSA-N 207.981 207.98123 [208Po] polonium-208 chebi_ontology (208)84Po (208)Po polonium-208 CHEBI:37368 polonium-208 atom polonium-208 IUPAC (208)84Po IUPAC (208)Po IUPAC polonium-208 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of polonium with relative atomic mass 208.982404 and half-life of 102 years. 0 [209Po] InChI=1S/Po/i1+0 HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-IGMARMGPSA-N 208.982 208.98242 [209Po] polonium-209 chebi_ontology (209)84Po (209)Po polonium-209 CHEBI:37369 polonium-209 atom polonium-209 IUPAC (209)84Po IUPAC (209)Po IUPAC polonium-209 ChEBI Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid. CHEBI:25425 CHEBI:7011 KEGG:C05114 Mucopolysaccharide mucopolysaccharides chebi_ontology Mucopolysaccharid Mukopolysaccharid mucopolisacarido mucopolisacaridos CHEBI:37395 mucopolysaccharide Mucopolysaccharide KEGG_COMPOUND mucopolysaccharides IUPAC Mucopolysaccharid ChEBI Mukopolysaccharid ChEBI mucopolisacarido ChEBI mucopolisacaridos IUPAC An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). CHEBI:13800 CHEBI:13801 CHEBI:22209 CHEBI:2426 KEGG:C00174 Acid acid chebi_ontology Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids CHEBI:37527 acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND acid IUPAC Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI halide An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. 0 CNOR3 42.01680 41.99799 [*]C(=O)N([*])[*] CHEBI:35354 CHEBI:35355 carboxamides chebi_ontology carboxamides primary carboxamide CHEBI:37622 carboxamide carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI glucopyranose chebi_ontology CHEBI:37661 glucopyranose glucopyranose IUPAC The stable isotope of thallium with relative atomic mass 202.9723. The least abundant (29.524 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring thallium. 0 [203Tl] InChI=1S/Tl/i1-1 BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-BJUDXGSMSA-N 202.972 202.97234 [203Tl] CAS:14280-48-9 thallium-203 chebi_ontology (203)81Tl (203)Tl thallium, isotope of mass 203 CHEBI:37802 thallium-203 CAS:14280-48-9 ChemIDplus thallium-203 IUPAC (203)81Tl IUPAC (203)Tl IUPAC thallium, isotope of mass 203 ChemIDplus The stable isotope of thallium with relative atomic mass 204.9744. The most abundant (70.476 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring thallium. 0 [205Tl] InChI=1S/Tl/i1+1 BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-OUBTZVSYSA-N 204.974 204.97443 [205Tl] CAS:14280-49-0 Gmelin:557319 thallium-205 chebi_ontology (205)81Tl (205)Tl thallium, isotope of mass 205 CHEBI:37803 thallium-205 CAS:14280-49-0 ChemIDplus Gmelin:557319 Gmelin thallium-205 IUPAC (205)81Tl IUPAC (205)Tl IUPAC thallium, isotope of mass 205 ChemIDplus The radioactive isotope of thallium with relative atomic mass 200.9708 and half-life of 72.912 hours. 0 [201Tl] InChI=1S/Tl/i1-3 BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-OIOBTWANSA-N 200.971 200.97080 [201Tl] CAS:15064-65-0 thallium-201 chebi_ontology (201)81Tl (201)Tl thallium, isotope of mass 201 CHEBI:37804 thallium-201 CAS:15064-65-0 ChemIDplus thallium-201 IUPAC (201)81Tl IUPAC (201)Tl IUPAC thallium, isotope of mass 201 ChemIDplus The radioactive isotope of thallium with relative atomic mass 198.9698 and half-life of 7.42 hours. 0 [199Tl] InChI=1S/Tl/i1-5 BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-FTXFMUIASA-N 198.970 198.96981 [199Tl] CAS:15064-66-1 Gmelin:1491863 thallium-199 chebi_ontology (199)81Tl (199)Tl thallium, isotope of mass 199 CHEBI:37805 thallium-199 CAS:15064-66-1 ChemIDplus Gmelin:1491863 Gmelin thallium-199 IUPAC (199)81Tl IUPAC (199)Tl IUPAC thallium, isotope of mass 199 ChemIDplus sulfuric acid derivative chebi_ontology sulfuric acid derivatives CHEBI:37826 sulfuric acid derivative sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI sulfuric acid derivatives ChEBI A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group chebi_ontology carboxylic acyl groups CHEBI:37838 carboacyl group carboacyl groups IUPAC carboxylic acyl group IUPAC carboxylic acyl groups IUPAC An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. chebi_ontology adrenergic agonists adrenergic receptor agonist adrenoceptor agonists adrenomimetic adrenomimetics CHEBI:37886 adrenergic agonist adrenergic agonists ChEBI adrenergic receptor agonist ChEBI adrenoceptor agonists IUPHAR adrenomimetic ChEBI adrenomimetics ChEBI Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. chebi_ontology adrenergic agents adrenergic drug adrenergic drugs adrenergic neuron agents adrenergics CHEBI:37962 adrenergic agent adrenergic agents ChEBI adrenergic drug ChEBI adrenergic drugs ChEBI adrenergic neuron agents ChEBI adrenergics ChEBI The stable isotope of aluminium with relative atomic mass 26.98153 and nuclear spin (5)/2. 0 [27Al] InChI=1S/Al/i1+0 XAGFODPZIPBFFR-IGMARMGPSA-N 26.982 26.98154 [27Al] aluminium-27 chebi_ontology (27)13Al (27)Al aluminium-27 aluminum, isotope of mass 27 aluminum-27 CHEBI:37968 aluminium-27 atom aluminium-27 IUPAC (27)13Al IUPAC (27)Al IUPAC aluminium-27 ChEBI aluminum, isotope of mass 27 ChEBI aluminum-27 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of aluminium with relative atomic mass 25.986892 and half-life of 717,000 years. 0 [26Al] InChI=1S/Al/i1-1 XAGFODPZIPBFFR-BJUDXGSMSA-N 25.987 25.98689 [26Al] CAS:14682-66-7 aluminium-26 chebi_ontology (26)13Al (26)Al aluminium-26 aluminum, isotope of mass 26 aluminum-26 CHEBI:37969 aluminium-26 atom CAS:14682-66-7 ChemIDplus aluminium-26 IUPAC (26)13Al IUPAC (26)Al IUPAC aluminium-26 ChEBI aluminum, isotope of mass 26 ChemIDplus aluminum-26 ChemIDplus The radioactive isotope of aluminium with relative atomic mass 27.981910 and half-life of 2.25 min. 0 [28Al] InChI=1S/Al/i1+1 XAGFODPZIPBFFR-OUBTZVSYSA-N 27.982 27.98191 [28Al] CAS:14999-04-3 aluminium-28 chebi_ontology (28)13Al (28)Al aluminium-28 aluminum, isotope of mass 28 aluminum-28 CHEBI:37970 aluminium-28 atom CAS:14999-04-3 ChemIDplus aluminium-28 IUPAC (28)13Al IUPAC (28)Al IUPAC aluminium-28 ChEBI aluminum, isotope of mass 28 ChemIDplus aluminum-28 ChemIDplus The stable isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 30.973762 and nuclear spin (1)/2. 0 [31P] InChI=1S/P/i1+0 OAICVXFJPJFONN-IGMARMGPSA-N 30.974 30.97376 [31P] phosphorus-31 chebi_ontology (31)15P (31)P phosphorus-31 CHEBI:37971 phosphorus-31 atom phosphorus-31 IUPAC (31)15P IUPAC (31)P IUPAC phosphorus-31 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. 0 [32P] InChI=1S/P/i1+1 OAICVXFJPJFONN-OUBTZVSYSA-N 31.974 31.97391 [32P] CAS:14596-37-3 KEGG:C19162 phosphorus-32 chebi_ontology (32)15P (32)P Phosphorus, isotope of mass 32 phosphorus, isotope of mass 32 phosphorus-32 CHEBI:37972 phosphorus-32 atom CAS:14596-37-3 ChemIDplus CAS:14596-37-3 KEGG COMPOUND phosphorus-32 IUPAC (32)15P IUPAC (32)P IUPAC Phosphorus, isotope of mass 32 KEGG_COMPOUND phosphorus, isotope of mass 32 ChemIDplus phosphorus-32 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 32.971725, half-life of 25.34 days and nuclear spin (1)/2. 0 [33P] InChI=1S/P/i1+2 OAICVXFJPJFONN-NJFSPNSNSA-N 32.972 32.97173 [33P] CAS:15749-66-3 phosphorus-33 chebi_ontology (33)15P (33)P phosphorus, isotope of mass 33 phosphorus-33 CHEBI:37973 phosphorus-33 atom CAS:15749-66-3 ChemIDplus phosphorus-33 IUPAC (33)15P IUPAC (33)P IUPAC phosphorus, isotope of mass 33 ChemIDplus phosphorus-33 ChEBI The stable isotope of silicon with relative atomic mass 28.9764947, 4.683 atom percent natural abundancy, and nuclear spin (1)/2. 0 [29Si] InChI=1S/Si/i1+1 XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-OUBTZVSYSA-N 28.976 28.97649 [29Si] silicon-29 chebi_ontology (29)14Si (29)Si silicon-29 CHEBI:37974 silicon-29 atom silicon-29 IUPAC (29)14Si IUPAC (29)Si IUPAC silicon-29 ChEBI The stable isotope of silicon with relative atomic mass 27.9769265. The most abundant (92.23 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring silicon. 0 [28Si] InChI=1S/Si/i1+0 XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-IGMARMGPSA-N 27.977 27.97693 [28Si] silicon-28 chebi_ontology (28)14Si (28)Si silicon-28 CHEBI:37975 silicon-28 atom silicon-28 IUPAC (28)14Si IUPAC (28)Si IUPAC silicon-28 ChEBI The stable isotope of silicon with relative atomic mass 29.9737702. The least abundant (3.09 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring silicon. 0 [30Si] InChI=1S/Si/i1+2 XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 29.974 29.97377 [30Si] silicon-30 chebi_ontology (30)14Si (30)Si silicon-30 CHEBI:37976 silicon-30 atom silicon-30 IUPAC (30)14Si IUPAC (30)Si IUPAC silicon-30 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of silicon with relative atomic mass 30.975363, half-life of 2.62 hours and nuclear spin (3)/2. 0 [31Si] InChI=1S/Si/i1+3 XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-AKLPVKDBSA-N 30.975 30.97536 [31Si] CAS:14276-49-4 silicon-31 chebi_ontology (31)14Si (31)Si silicon, isotope of mass 31 silicon-31 CHEBI:37977 silicon-31 atom CAS:14276-49-4 ChemIDplus silicon-31 IUPAC (31)14Si IUPAC (31)Si IUPAC silicon, isotope of mass 31 ChemIDplus silicon-31 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of silicon with relative atomic mass 31.974148. The longest-lived silicon radionuclide with half-life of 172 years. 0 [32Si] InChI=1S/Si/i1+4 XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-RNFDNDRNSA-N 31.974 31.97415 [32Si] CAS:15092-72-5 silicon-32 chebi_ontology (32)14Si (32)Si silicon, isotope of mass 32 silicon-32 CHEBI:37978 silicon-32 atom CAS:15092-72-5 ChemIDplus silicon-32 IUPAC (32)14Si IUPAC (32)Si IUPAC silicon, isotope of mass 32 ChemIDplus silicon-32 ChEBI The stable isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 31.972071. The most abundant (95.02 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring sulfur. 0 [32S] InChI=1S/S/i1+0 NINIDFKCEFEMDL-IGMARMGPSA-N 31.972 31.97207 [32S] CAS:13981-57-2 sulfur-32 chebi_ontology (32)16S (32)S sulfur, isotope of mass 32 sulfur-32 sulphur-32 CHEBI:37979 sulfur-32 atom CAS:13981-57-2 ChemIDplus sulfur-32 IUPAC (32)16S IUPAC (32)S IUPAC sulfur, isotope of mass 32 ChemIDplus sulfur-32 ChEBI sulphur-32 ChEBI The stable isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 32.9714585, 0.75 atom percent natural abundance, and nuclear spin (3)/2. 0 [33S] InChI=1S/S/i1+1 NINIDFKCEFEMDL-OUBTZVSYSA-N 32.971 32.97146 [33S] CAS:14257-58-0 sulfur-33 chebi_ontology (33)16S (33)S sulfur, isotope of mass 33 sulfur-33 sulphur-33 CHEBI:37980 sulfur-33 atom CAS:14257-58-0 ChemIDplus sulfur-33 IUPAC (33)16S IUPAC (33)S IUPAC sulfur, isotope of mass 33 ChemIDplus sulfur-33 ChEBI sulphur-33 ChEBI The stable isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 33.9678668 and 4.21 atom percent natural abundance. 0 [34S] InChI=1S/S/i1+2 NINIDFKCEFEMDL-NJFSPNSNSA-N 33.968 33.96787 [34S] CAS:13965-97-4 sulfur-34 chebi_ontology (34)16S (34)S sulfur, isotope of mass 34 sulfur-34 sulphur-34 CHEBI:37981 sulfur-34 atom CAS:13965-97-4 ChemIDplus sulfur-34 IUPAC (34)16S IUPAC (34)S IUPAC sulfur, isotope of mass 34 ChemIDplus sulfur-34 ChEBI sulphur-34 ChEBI The stable isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 35.9670809. The least abundant (0.02 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring sulfur. 0 [36S] InChI=1S/S/i1+4 NINIDFKCEFEMDL-RNFDNDRNSA-N 35.967 35.96708 [36S] CAS:14682-80-5 sulfur-36 chebi_ontology (36)16S (36)S sulfur, isotope of mass 36 sulfur-36 sulphur-36 CHEBI:37982 sulfur-36 atom CAS:14682-80-5 ChemIDplus sulfur-36 IUPAC (36)16S IUPAC (36)S IUPAC sulfur, isotope of mass 36 ChemIDplus sulfur-36 ChEBI sulphur-36 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 34.9690322 and nuclear spin (3)/2. The longest-lived sulfur radionuclide with half-life of 87.5 days. 0 [35S] InChI=1S/S/i1+3 NINIDFKCEFEMDL-AKLPVKDBSA-N 34.969 34.96903 [35S] CAS:15117-53-0 sulfur-35 chebi_ontology (35)16S (35)S sulfur, isotope of mass 35 sulfur-35 sulphur-35 CHEBI:37983 sulfur-35 atom CAS:15117-53-0 ChemIDplus sulfur-35 IUPAC (35)16S IUPAC (35)S IUPAC sulfur, isotope of mass 35 ChemIDplus sulfur-35 ChEBI sulphur-35 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 36.9711257 and half-life of 5.05 min. 0 [37S] InChI=1S/S/i1+5 NINIDFKCEFEMDL-BKFZFHPZSA-N 36.971 36.97113 [37S] CAS:15753-06-7 sulfur-37 chebi_ontology (37)16S (37)S sulfur, isotope of mass 37 sulfur-37 sulphur-37 CHEBI:37984 sulfur-37 atom CAS:15753-06-7 ChemIDplus sulfur-37 IUPAC (37)16S IUPAC (37)S IUPAC sulfur, isotope of mass 37 ChemIDplus sulfur-37 ChEBI sulphur-37 ChEBI The radioactive isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 37.97116 and half-life of 170.3 min. 0 [38S] InChI=1S/S/i1+6 NINIDFKCEFEMDL-LZFNBGRKSA-N 37.971 37.97116 [38S] CAS:15759-21-4 sulfur-38 chebi_ontology (38)16S (38)S sulfur, isotope of mass 38 sulfur-38 sulphur-38 CHEBI:37985 sulfur-38 atom CAS:15759-21-4 ChemIDplus sulfur-38 IUPAC (38)16S IUPAC (38)S IUPAC sulfur, isotope of mass 38 ChemIDplus sulfur-38 ChEBI sulphur-38 ChEBI A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. Beilstein:8538310 chebi_ontology PPys poly(pyrrole)s polypyrroles CHEBI:38077 polypyrrole Beilstein:8538310 Beilstein PPys ChEBI poly(pyrrole)s ChEBI polypyrroles ChEBI Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. chebi_ontology heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds ChEBI organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI CHEBI:25429 CHEBI:38075 chebi_ontology organic heteropolycyclic compounds CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound organic heteropolycyclic compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology polycyclic heteroarenes CHEBI:38180 polycyclic heteroarene polycyclic heteroarenes ChEBI Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. chebi_ontology cholinergic agent cholinergic drugs cholinomimetic CHEBI:38323 cholinergic drug cholinergic agent ChEBI cholinergic drugs ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. chebi_ontology acetylcholine agonist acetylcholine agonists acetylcholine receptor agonist cholinergic agonists cholinomimetic cholinomimetics CHEBI:38324 cholinergic agonist acetylcholine agonist ChEBI acetylcholine agonists ChEBI acetylcholine receptor agonist IUPHAR cholinergic agonists ChEBI cholinomimetic ChEBI cholinomimetics ChEBI Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. chebi_ontology muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist muscarinic agonists muscarinic cholinergic agonist muscarinic cholinergic agonists CHEBI:38325 muscarinic agonist muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist ChEBI muscarinic agonists ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonist ChEBI muscarinic cholinergic agonists ChEBI CHEBI:22503 CHEBI:24792 chebi_ontology aminoalkylindoles CHEBI:38631 aminoalkylindole aminoalkylindoles ChEBI organic sodium salt chebi_ontology organic sodium salts CHEBI:38700 organic sodium salt organic sodium salt ChEBI organic sodium salts ChEBI inorganic sodium salt Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group. carboxylic acid dianion chebi_ontology carboxylic acid dianions CHEBI:38716 carboxylic acid dianion carboxylic acid dianion ChEBI carboxylic acid dianions ChEBI An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. CHEBI:24795 CHEBI:5901 KEGG:C06073 Wikipedia:Indole_alkaloid Indole alkaloid chebi_ontology indole alkaloids CHEBI:38958 indole alkaloid Indole alkaloid KEGG_COMPOUND indole alkaloids ChEBI A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid chebi_ontology Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid Bronsted acid IUPAC Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base chebi_ontology Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base Bronsted base IUPAC Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. Lewis base chebi_ontology Lewis-Base base de Lewis donneur d'une paire d'electrons electron donor CHEBI:39144 Lewis base Lewis base IUPAC Lewis-Base ChEBI base de Lewis IUPAC donneur d'une paire d'electrons ChEBI electron donor ChEBI CHEBI:29201 CHEBI:41605 Beilstein:3600898 CAS:3812-32-6 Gmelin:1559 PDBeChem:CO3 carbonate trioxidocarbonate(2-) chebi_ontology CARBONATE ION CO3(2-) Karbonat [CO3](2-) CHEBI:41609 carbonate Beilstein:3600898 Beilstein CAS:3812-32-6 ChemIDplus Gmelin:1559 Gmelin carbonate IUPAC trioxidocarbonate(2-) IUPAC CARBONATE ION PDBeChem CO3(2-) ChEBI Karbonat ChEBI [CO3](2-) IUPAC A glucopyranose having D-configuration. CAS:2280-44-6 GlyGen:G15021LG GlyTouCan:G15021LG Gmelin:83256 HMDB:HMDB0000122 KEGG:C00031 KEGG:D00009 KNApSAcK:C00001122 MetaCyc:D-Glucose PMID:15987845 PMID:16901854 PMID:17336832 PMID:17439666 PMID:17928662 PMID:19913595 PMID:26812026 PMID:32619908 PMID:7524207 PMID:9140037 PMID:9501190 PMID:9506998 PMID:9545565 Reaxys:1281604 Wikipedia:Glucose D-glucopyranose chebi_ontology D-Glc D-Glcp D-Glucose D-glucose Dextrose Glc-OH Glucose Grape sugar WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a2122h-1x_1-5]/1/ glucose CHEBI:4167 D-glucopyranose CAS:2280-44-6 ChemIDplus Gmelin:83256 Gmelin PMID:15987845 Europe PMC PMID:16901854 Europe PMC PMID:17336832 Europe PMC PMID:17439666 Europe PMC PMID:17928662 Europe PMC PMID:19913595 Europe PMC PMID:26812026 Europe PMC PMID:32619908 Europe PMC PMID:7524207 Europe PMC PMID:9140037 Europe PMC PMID:9501190 Europe PMC PMID:9506998 Europe PMC PMID:9545565 Europe PMC Reaxys:1281604 Reaxys D-glucopyranose IUPAC D-Glc ChEBI D-Glcp ChEBI D-Glucose KEGG_COMPOUND D-glucose UniProt Dextrose KEGG_COMPOUND Glc-OH ChEBI Glucose KEGG_COMPOUND Grape sugar KEGG_COMPOUND WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a2122h-1x_1-5]/1/ GlyTouCan glucose ChEBI A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5. KEGG:C00738 D-Hexose D-hexopyranose chebi_ontology D-hexoses a D-hexose CHEBI:4194 D-hexose D-Hexose KEGG_COMPOUND D-hexopyranose IUPAC D-hexoses ChEBI a D-hexose UniProt 0 HO 17.00734 17.00274 *O[H] CHEBI:24706 CHEBI:43171 PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group chebi_ontology -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy IUPAC hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI CHEBI:29199 CHEBI:45693 Gmelin:2121 hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) hydrogensulfate hydrogensulfate(1-) hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) chebi_ontology HSO4(-) HYDROGEN SULFATE [SO3(OH)](-) CHEBI:45696 hydrogensulfate Gmelin:2121 Gmelin hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogensulfate IUPAC hydrogensulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) IUPAC HSO4(-) IUPAC HYDROGEN SULFATE PDBeChem [SO3(OH)](-) IUPAC 0 O 15.99940 15.99491 O=* CHEBI:29353 CHEBI:44607 PDBeChem:O OXO GROUP oxo chebi_ontology =O CHEBI:46629 oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem oxo IUPAC =O IUPAC In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Wikipedia:Solvent chebi_ontology Loesungsmittel solvant solvents CHEBI:46787 solvent Loesungsmittel ChEBI solvant ChEBI solvents ChEBI 0 CHO2 45.01744 44.99765 *C(=O)O CHEBI:23025 CHEBI:41420 PDBeChem:FMT CARBOXY GROUP carboxy chebi_ontology -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group CHEBI:46883 carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem carboxy IUPAC -C(O)OH IUPAC -CO2H ChEBI -COOH IUPAC carboxyl group ChEBI Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. CHEBI:13244 CHEBI:13799 CHEBI:22189 CHEBI:2406 KEGG:C01883 Wikipedia:Acetate#Esters chebi_ontology Acetic ester Acetyl ester acetate acetate esters acetates acetyl esters an acetyl ester CHEBI:47622 acetate ester Acetic ester KEGG_COMPOUND Acetyl ester KEGG_COMPOUND acetate ChEBI acetate esters ChEBI acetates ChEBI acetyl esters ChEBI an acetyl ester UniProt Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group. chebi_ontology steroid acids CHEBI:47891 steroid acid steroid acids ChEBI chebi_ontology Schwefeloxide oxides of sulfur sulfur oxides CHEBI:48154 sulfur oxide Schwefeloxide ChEBI oxides of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxides ChEBI A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. polar solvent chebi_ontology polar solvents CHEBI:48354 polar solvent polar solvent IUPAC polar solvents ChEBI A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. protogenic solvent chebi_ontology CHEBI:48356 protic solvent protogenic solvent IUPAC Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. chebi_ontology alpha-adrenergic drugs CHEBI:48539 alpha-adrenergic drug alpha-adrenergic drugs ChEBI Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. agonist chebi_ontology agonista agoniste agonists CHEBI:48705 agonist agonist IUPAC agonista ChEBI agoniste ChEBI agonists ChEBI 0 Ar InChI=1S/Ar XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 39.94800 39.96238 [Ar] CHEBI:33311 CAS:7440-37-1 WebElements:Ar argon chebi_ontology 18Ar Ar argon CHEBI:49475 argon atom CAS:7440-37-1 ChemIDplus argon IUPAC 18Ar IUPAC Ar IUPAC argon ChEBI A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq. 0 Ga InChI=1S/Ga GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 69.72300 68.92557 [Ga] CHEBI:33326 CHEBI:49630 CAS:7440-55-3 WebElements:Ga gallium chebi_ontology 31Ga Ga galio gallium CHEBI:49631 gallium atom CAS:7440-55-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-55-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook gallium IUPAC 31Ga IUPAC Ga IUPAC galio ChEBI gallium ChEBI 0 H InChI=1S/H YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1.00794 1.00783 [H] CHEBI:24634 CHEBI:49636 WebElements:H hydrogen chebi_ontology 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom hydrogen IUPAC 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI 0 Ho InChI=1S/Ho KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 164.93032 164.93033 [Ho] CHEBI:33378 CHEBI:49647 CAS:7440-60-0 Gmelin:16291 WebElements:Ho holmium chebi_ontology 67Ho Ho holmio holmium CHEBI:49648 holmium atom CAS:7440-60-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-60-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16291 Gmelin holmium IUPAC 67Ho IUPAC Ho IUPAC holmio ChEBI holmium ChEBI 0 Ir InChI=1S/Ir GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 192.21700 192.96292 [Ir] CHEBI:33360 CHEBI:49665 CAS:7439-88-5 WebElements:Ir iridium chebi_ontology 77Ir Ir iridio iridium CHEBI:49666 iridium atom CAS:7439-88-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-88-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook iridium IUPAC 77Ir IUPAC Ir IUPAC iridio ChEBI iridium ChEBI 0 Kr InChI=1S/Kr DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 83.80000 83.91150 [Kr] CHEBI:33312 CAS:7439-90-9 WebElements:Kr krypton chebi_ontology 36Kr Kr cripton kripton krypton CHEBI:49696 krypton atom CAS:7439-90-9 ChemIDplus CAS:7439-90-9 NIST Chemistry WebBook krypton IUPAC 36Kr IUPAC Kr IUPAC cripton ChEBI kripton ChEBI krypton ChEBI 0 Pr InChI=1S/Pr PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 140.90765 140.90766 [Pr] CHEBI:33370 CHEBI:49827 CAS:7440-10-0 WebElements:Pr praseodymium chebi_ontology 59Pr Pr Praseodym praseodimio praseodyme praseodymium CHEBI:49828 praseodymium atom CAS:7440-10-0 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-10-0 NIST Chemistry WebBook praseodymium IUPAC 59Pr IUPAC Pr IUPAC Praseodym ChEBI praseodimio ChEBI praseodyme ChEBI praseodymium ChEBI 0 Re InChI=1S/Re WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 186.20700 186.95575 [Re] CHEBI:33354 CHEBI:49879 CAS:7440-15-5 WebElements:Re rhenium chebi_ontology 75Re Re Rhenium renio rhenium CHEBI:49882 rhenium atom CAS:7440-15-5 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-15-5 NIST Chemistry WebBook rhenium IUPAC 75Re IUPAC Re ChEBI Rhenium ChEBI renio ChEBI rhenium ChEBI 0 Xe InChI=1S/Xe FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 131.29000 131.90416 [Xe] CHEBI:32305 CAS:7440-63-3 Gmelin:16318 KEGG:C13373 WebElements:Xe xenon chebi_ontology 54Xe Xe Xenon xenon CHEBI:49957 xenon atom CAS:7440-63-3 ChemIDplus CAS:7440-63-3 KEGG COMPOUND CAS:7440-63-3 NIST Chemistry WebBook Gmelin:16318 Gmelin xenon IUPAC 54Xe IUPAC Xe IUPAC Xenon ChEBI Xenon KEGG_COMPOUND xenon ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. chebi_ontology organic amino compounds CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound organic amino compounds ChEBI A synthetic radioactive isotope of chromium having a half-life of 27.7 days and decaying by electron capture with emission of gamma rays (0.32 MeV); it is used to label red blood cells for measurement of mass or volume, survival time, and sequestration studies, for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, and to label platelets to study their survival. 0 [51Cr] InChI=1S/Cr/i1-1 VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-BJUDXGSMSA-N 50.945 50.94477 [51Cr] CAS:14392-02-0 chromium-51 chebi_ontology (51)24Cr (51)Cr 51Cr Chromium, isotope of mass 51 CHEBI:50076 chromium-51 CAS:14392-02-0 ChemIDplus chromium-51 IUPAC (51)24Cr IUPAC (51)Cr IUPAC 51Cr ChemIDplus Chromium, isotope of mass 51 ChemIDplus Any anion formed by loss of a proton from a steroid acid. chebi_ontology steroid acid anions CHEBI:50160 steroid acid anion steroid acid anions ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical nucleotide residues CHEBI:50297 canonical nucleotide residue canonical nucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology canonical ribonucleotide residues CHEBI:50299 canonical ribonucleotide residue canonical ribonucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:50312 onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations chebi_ontology onium cations onium ion onium ions CHEBI:50313 onium cation onium cations IUPAC onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI chebi_ontology nucleotide residues CHEBI:50319 nucleotide residue nucleotide residues ChEBI chebi_ontology nucleoside residues CHEBI:50320 nucleoside residue nucleoside residues ChEBI Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50514 vasoconstrictor agent Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. CHEBI:50911 Wikipedia:Neurotoxin chebi_ontology agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin agente neurotoxico ChEBI nerve poison ChEBI nerve poisons ChEBI neurotoxic agent ChEBI neurotoxic agents ChEBI neurotoxicant ChEBI neurotoxins ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. chebi_ontology primary amino compounds CHEBI:50994 primary amino compound primary amino compounds ChEBI A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51086 chemical role CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case. chebi_ontology dipolar compounds CHEBI:51151 dipolar compound dipolar compounds ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). chebi_ontology organodiyl groups CHEBI:51422 organodiyl group organodiyl groups ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:51446 organic divalent group chebi_ontology CHEBI:51447 organic univalent group chebi_ontology organic polycyclic compounds CHEBI:51958 organic polycyclic compound organic polycyclic compounds ChEBI A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. chebi_ontology etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role etiopathogenetic agent ChEBI etiopathogenetic role ChEBI A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52210 pharmacological role chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. CHEBI:33293 CHEBI:33294 chebi_ontology farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical farmaco ChEBI medicament ChEBI pharmaceuticals ChEBI The stable isotope of tin with relative atomic mass 118.903311, 8.59 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin (1)/2. 0 [119Sn] InChI=1S/Sn/i1+0 ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-IGMARMGPSA-N 118.903 118.90331 [119Sn] tin-119 chebi_ontology (119)50Sn (119)Sn tin-119 CHEBI:52230 tin-119 atom tin-119 IUPAC (119)50Sn IUPAC (119)Sn IUPAC tin-119 ChEBI The stable isotope of tin with relative atomic mass 119.902199 and 32.58 atom percent natural abundance. 0 [120Sn] InChI=1S/Sn/i1+1 ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-OUBTZVSYSA-N 119.902 119.90220 [120Sn] tin-120 chebi_ontology (120)50Sn (120)Sn tin-120 CHEBI:52231 tin-120 atom tin-120 IUPAC (120)50Sn IUPAC (120)Sn IUPAC tin-120 ChEBI The stable isotope of tin with relative atomic mass 117.901609 and 24.22 atom percent natural abundance. 0 [118Sn] InChI=1S/Sn/i1-1 ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-BJUDXGSMSA-N 117.902 117.90161 [118Sn] tin-118 chebi_ontology (118)50Sn (118)Sn tin-118 CHEBI:52232 tin-118 atom tin-118 IUPAC (118)50Sn IUPAC (118)Sn IUPAC tin-118 ChEBI The stable isotope of tin with relative atomic mass 115.901747 and 14.54 atom percent natural abundance. 0 [116Sn] InChI=1S/Sn/i1-3 ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-OIOBTWANSA-N 115.902 115.90174 [116Sn] tin-116 chebi_ontology (116)50Sn (116)Sn tin-116 CHEBI:52233 tin-116 atom tin-116 IUPAC (116)50Sn IUPAC (116)Sn IUPAC tin-116 ChEBI The stable isotope of tin with relative atomic mass 116.902956, 7.68 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin (1)/2. 0 [117Sn] InChI=1S/Sn/i1-2 ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-YPZZEJLDSA-N 116.903 116.90295 [117Sn] tin-117 chebi_ontology (117)50Sn (117)Sn tin-117 CHEBI:52234 tin-117 atom tin-117 IUPAC (117)50Sn IUPAC (117)Sn IUPAC tin-117 ChEBI The stable isotope of tin with relative atomic mass 114.903348, 0.34 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin (1)/2. 0 [115Sn] InChI=1S/Sn/i1-4 ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-AHCXROLUSA-N 114.903 114.90334 [115Sn] tin-115 chebi_ontology (115)50Sn (115)Sn tin-115 CHEBI:52235 tin-115 atom tin-115 IUPAC (115)50Sn IUPAC (115)Sn IUPAC tin-115 ChEBI The stable isotope of boron with relative atomic mass 11.009306, 80.1 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. 0 [11B] InChI=1S/B/i1+0 ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-IGMARMGPSA-N 11.009 11.00930 [11B] boron-11 chebi_ontology (11)5B (11)B CHEBI:52451 boron-11 atom boron-11 IUPAC (11)5B IUPAC (11)B IUPAC The stable isotope of tellurium with relative atomic mass 124.904425, 71.4 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. 0 [125Te] InChI=1S/Te/i1-3 PORWMNRCUJJQNO-OIOBTWANSA-N 124.904 124.90443 [125Te] tellurium-125 chebi_ontology (125)52Te (125)Te tellurium-125 CHEBI:52452 tellurium-125 atom tellurium-125 IUPAC (125)52Te IUPAC (125)Te IUPAC tellurium-125 ChEBI The stable isotope of xenon with relative atomic mass 128.904780, 26.4 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. 0 [129Xe] InChI=1S/Xe/i1-2 FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-YPZZEJLDSA-N 128.905 128.90478 [129Xe] xenon-129 chebi_ontology (129)54Xe (129)Xe xenon-129 CHEBI:52453 xenon-129 atom xenon-129 IUPAC (129)54Xe IUPAC (129)Xe IUPAC xenon-129 ChEBI A stable isotope of selenium with relative atomic mass 76.919915, 7.60 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. 0 [77Se] InChI=1S/Se/i1-2 BUGBHKTXTAQXES-YPZZEJLDSA-N 76.920 76.91991 [77Se] Chemspider:9507361 PMID:16158304 PMID:23159557 PMID:25848959 PMID:25923042 PMID:27129100 PMID:30828921 PMID:32453871 PMID:34153173 ((77)Se)selenium chebi_ontology (77)34Se (77)Se Se-77 selenium, isotope of mass 77 selenium-(77)Se selenium-77 CHEBI:52457 selenium-77 atom PMID:16158304 Europe PMC PMID:23159557 Europe PMC PMID:25848959 Europe PMC PMID:25923042 Europe PMC PMID:27129100 Europe PMC PMID:30828921 Europe PMC PMID:32453871 Europe PMC PMID:34153173 Europe PMC ((77)Se)selenium IUPAC (77)34Se IUPAC (77)Se IUPAC Se-77 ChEBI selenium, isotope of mass 77 ChEBI selenium-(77)Se ChEBI selenium-77 ChEBI The stable isotope of lithium with relative atomic mass 7.016004, 92.5 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. 0 [7Li] InChI=1S/Li/i1+0 WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-IGMARMGPSA-N 7.016 7.01600 [7Li] lithium-7 chebi_ontology (7)3Li (7)Li lithium-7 CHEBI:52458 lithium-7 atom lithium-7 IUPAC (7)3Li IUPAC (7)Li IUPAC lithium-7 ChEBI The stable isotope of rubidium with relative atomic mass 86.909184, 27.9 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. 0 [87Rb] InChI=1S/Rb/i1+2 IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-NJFSPNSNSA-N 86.909 86.90918 [87Rb] rubidium-87 chebi_ontology (87)37Rb (87)Rb rubidium-87 CHEBI:52459 rubidium-87 atom rubidium-87 IUPAC (87)37Rb IUPAC (87)Rb IUPAC rubidium-87 ChEBI The stable isotope of niobium with relative atomic mass 92.906378, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 9/2. 0 [93Nb] InChI=1S/Nb/i1+0 GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-IGMARMGPSA-N 92.906 92.90637 [93Nb] niobium-93 chebi_ontology (93)41Nb (93)Nb niobium-93 CHEBI:52460 niobium-93 atom niobium-93 IUPAC (93)41Nb IUPAC (93)Nb IUPAC niobium-93 ChEBI The stable isotope of niobium with relative atomic mass 182.950225, 14.3 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. 0 [183W] InChI=1S/W/i1-1 WFKWXMTUELFFGS-BJUDXGSMSA-N 182.950 182.95022 [183W] tungsten-183 chebi_ontology (183)74W (183)W CHEBI:52462 tungsten-183 tungsten-183 IUPAC (183)74W IUPAC (183)W IUPAC The stable isotope of cadmium with relative atomic mass 110.904182, 12.8 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. 0 [111Cd] InChI=1S/Cd/i1-1 BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-BJUDXGSMSA-N 110.904 110.90418 [111Cd] cadmium-111 chebi_ontology (111)48Cd (111)Cd CHEBI:52619 cadmium-111 cadmium-111 IUPAC (111)48Cd IUPAC (111)Cd IUPAC The isotope of cadmium with relative atomic mass 112.904401, 12.2 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. 0 [113Cd] InChI=1S/Cd/i1+1 BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-OUBTZVSYSA-N 112.904 112.90441 [113Cd] cadmium-113 chebi_ontology (113)48Cd (113)Cd CHEBI:52620 cadmium-113 cadmium-113 IUPAC (113)48Cd IUPAC (113)Cd IUPAC The stable isotope of lithium with relative atomic mass 6.015122, 7.5 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1. 0 [6Li] InChI=1S/Li/i1-1 WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-BJUDXGSMSA-N 6.015 6.01512 [6Li] lithium-6 chebi_ontology (6)3Li (6)Li lithium-6 CHEBI:52621 lithium-6 atom lithium-6 IUPAC (6)3Li IUPAC (6)Li IUPAC lithium-6 ChEBI The stable isotope of yttrium with relative atomic mass 88.905848, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. 0 [89Y] InChI=1S/Y/i1+0 VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-IGMARMGPSA-N 88.906 88.90584 [89Y] yttrium-89 chebi_ontology (89)39Y (89)Y yttrium-89 CHEBI:52622 yttrium-89 atom yttrium-89 IUPAC (89)39Y IUPAC (89)Y IUPAC yttrium-89 ChEBI The stable isotope of iron with relative atomic mass 56.935399, 2.1 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. 0 [57Fe] InChI=1S/Fe/i1+1 XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-OUBTZVSYSA-N 56.935 56.93539 [57Fe] iron-57 chebi_ontology (57)26Fe (57)Fe CHEBI:52623 iron-57 atom iron-57 IUPAC (57)26Fe IUPAC (57)Fe IUPAC The stable isotope of antimony with relative atomic mass 120.903818, 57.2 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2. 0 [121Sb] InChI=1S/Sb/i1-1 WATWJIUSRGPENY-BJUDXGSMSA-N 120.904 120.90381 [121Sb] antimony-121 chebi_ontology (121)51Sb (121)Sb antimony-121 CHEBI:52624 antimony-121 atom antimony-121 IUPAC (121)51Sb IUPAC (121)Sb IUPAC antimony-121 ChEBI inorganic hydroxy compound The stable isotope of antimony with relative atomic mass 122.904216, 42.8 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 7/2. 0 [123Sb] InChI=1S/Sb/i1+1 WATWJIUSRGPENY-OUBTZVSYSA-N 122.904 122.90421 [123Sb] antimony-123 chebi_ontology (123)51Sb (123)Sb antimony-123 CHEBI:52626 antimony-123 atom antimony-123 IUPAC (123)51Sb IUPAC (123)Sb IUPAC antimony-123 ChEBI The stable isotope of lanthanum with relative atomic mass 138.906348, 99.9 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 7/2. 0 [139La] InChI=1S/La/i1+0 FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-IGMARMGPSA-N 138.906 138.90636 [139La] lanthanum-139 chebi_ontology (139)57La (139)La lanthanum-139 CHEBI:52627 lanthanum-139 atom lanthanum-139 IUPAC (139)57La IUPAC (139)La IUPAC lanthanum-139 ChEBI The stable isotope of iodine with relative atomic mass 126.904468, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2. 0 [127I] InChI=1S/I/i1+0 ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-IGMARMGPSA-N 126.904 126.90447 [127I] iodine-127 chebi_ontology (127)53I (127)I iodine-127 CHEBI:52631 iodine-127 atom iodine-127 IUPAC (127)53I IUPAC (127)I IUPAC iodine-127 ChEBI The stable isotope of potassium with relative atomic mass 38.963707, 93.3 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. 0 [39K] InChI=1S/K/i1+0 ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-IGMARMGPSA-N 38.964 38.96371 [39K] potassium-39 chebi_ontology (39)19K (39)K potassium-39 CHEBI:52632 potassium-39 atom potassium-39 IUPAC (39)19K IUPAC (39)K IUPAC potassium-39 ChEBI The stable isotope of molybdenum with relative atomic mass 94.905842, 15.9 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2. 0 [95Mo] InChI=1S/Mo/i1-1 ZOKXTWBITQBERF-BJUDXGSMSA-N 94.906 94.90584 [95Mo] molybdenum-95 chebi_ontology (95)42Mo (95)Mo CHEBI:52633 molybdenum-95 molybdenum-95 IUPAC (95)42Mo IUPAC (95)Mo IUPAC The stable isotope of sodium with relative atomic mass 22.989770, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. 0 [23Na] InChI=1S/Na/i1+0 KEAYESYHFKHZAL-IGMARMGPSA-N 22.990 22.98977 [23Na] sodium-23 chebi_ontology (23)11Na (23)Na sodium-23 CHEBI:52634 sodium-23 atom sodium-23 IUPAC (23)11Na IUPAC (23)Na IUPAC sodium-23 ChEBI The stable isotope of scandium with relative atomic mass 44.955910, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 7/2. 0 [45Sc] InChI=1S/Sc/i1+0 SIXSYDAISGFNSX-IGMARMGPSA-N 44.956 44.95591 [45Sc] scandium-45 chebi_ontology (45)21Sc (45)Sc scandium-45 CHEBI:52635 scandium-45 atom scandium-45 IUPAC (45)21Sc IUPAC (45)Sc IUPAC scandium-45 ChEBI The isotope of iodine with relative atomic mass 128.904988, and nuclear spin 7/2. 0 [129I] InChI=1S/I/i1+2 ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-NJFSPNSNSA-N 128.905 128.90499 [129I] iodine-129 chebi_ontology (129)53I (129)I iodine-129 CHEBI:52636 iodine-129 atom iodine-129 IUPAC (129)53I IUPAC (129)I IUPAC iodine-129 ChEBI The stable isotope of europium with relative atomic mass 150.919846, 47.8 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2. 0 [151Eu] InChI=1S/Eu/i1-1 OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-BJUDXGSMSA-N 150.920 150.91986 [151Eu] europium-151 chebi_ontology (151)63Eu (151)Eu europium-151 CHEBI:52637 europium-151 atom europium-151 IUPAC (151)63Eu IUPAC (151)Eu IUPAC europium-151 ChEBI The stable isotope of bromine with relative atomic mass 78.918338, 50.69 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. 0 [79Br] InChI=1S/Br/i1-1 WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-BJUDXGSMSA-N 78.918 78.91834 [79Br] chebi_ontology (79)35Br (79)Br bromine-79 CHEBI:52743 bromine-79 atom (79)35Br IUPAC (79)Br IUPAC bromine-79 ChEBI The stable isotope of germanium with relative atomic mass 72.923459, 7.73 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 9/2. 0 [73Ge] InChI=1S/Ge/i1+0 GNPVGFCGXDBREM-IGMARMGPSA-N 72.923 72.92346 [73Ge] chebi_ontology (73)32Ge (73)Ge germanium-73 CHEBI:52758 germanium-73 atom (73)32Ge IUPAC (73)Ge IUPAC germanium-73 ChEBI The stable isotope of magnesium with relative atomic mass 24.985837, 10.0 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2. 0 [25Mg] InChI=1S/Mg/i1+1 FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-OUBTZVSYSA-N 24.986 24.98584 [25Mg] chebi_ontology (25)12Mg (25)Mg magnesium-25 CHEBI:52763 magnesium-25 atom (25)12Mg IUPAC (25)Mg IUPAC magnesium-25 ChEBI An organic group that consists of a closed ring. It may be a substituent or a skeleton. chebi_ontology cyclic organic groups CHEBI:52845 cyclic organic group cyclic organic groups ChEBI The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. chebi_ontology antigenic determinant epitope function epitope role CHEBI:53000 epitope antigenic determinant ChEBI epitope function ChEBI epitope role ChEBI A polymer carrying multiple negative charges. chebi_ontology polyanion polyanions CHEBI:53309 polyanionic macromolecule polyanion ChEBI polyanions SUBMITTER A macromolecule containing ionic groups. chebi_ontology ionic polymer polyionic macromolecule CHEBI:53368 ionic macromolecule ionic polymer ChEBI polyionic macromolecule ChEBI A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. CAS:16941-32-5 CAS:9007-92-5 DrugBank:DB00040 Drug_Central:2994 KEGG:C01501 KEGG:D00116 PMID:21940356 PMID:22014161 PMID:22154917 PMID:22166985 PMID:22167521 PMID:22214853 PMID:22227186 PMID:22286080 PMID:22294753 PMID:22318544 PMID:22334714 PMID:22399501 PMID:22438981 PMID:22454291 Reaxys:13191924 Wikipedia:Glucagon Glucagon L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine chebi_ontology Glucagone HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr glucagon glucagonum CHEBI:5391 glucagon CAS:16941-32-5 ChemIDplus CAS:9007-92-5 ChemIDplus CAS:9007-92-5 KEGG COMPOUND Drug_Central:2994 DrugCentral PMID:21940356 Europe PMC PMID:22014161 Europe PMC PMID:22154917 Europe PMC PMID:22166985 Europe PMC PMID:22167521 Europe PMC PMID:22214853 Europe PMC PMID:22227186 Europe PMC PMID:22286080 Europe PMC PMID:22294753 Europe PMC PMID:22318544 Europe PMC PMID:22334714 Europe PMC PMID:22399501 Europe PMC PMID:22438981 Europe PMC PMID:22454291 Europe PMC Reaxys:13191924 Reaxys Glucagon KEGG_COMPOUND L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine IUPAC Glucagone ChemIDplus HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT ChEBI His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr ChEBI His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr ChemIDplus glucagon ChemIDplus glucagonum ChemIDplus Any metal that is characterized by its rather high atomic mass and density. Although typically occurring in low concentrations, they can be found all throughout the Earth's crust (Commonly, a density of at least 5 g cm(3) is used to define a heavy metal and to differentiate it from other, ''light'' metals). Wikipedia:Heavy_metals chebi_ontology heavy metals CHEBI:5631 heavy metal heavy metals ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:5686 heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compound KEGG_COMPOUND compuesto heterociclico IUPAC compuestos heterociclicos IUPAC heterocycle ChEBI heterocyclic compounds ChEBI An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tryptamine arising from protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. Gmelin:533978 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium chebi_ontology tryptamine tryptaminium cation tryptaminium(1+) CHEBI:57887 tryptaminium Gmelin:533978 Gmelin 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanaminium IUPAC tryptamine UniProt tryptaminium cation ChEBI tryptaminium(1+) ChEBI A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of bilirubin; major species at pH 7.3. Beilstein:4083310 chebi_ontology (4Z,15Z)-bilirubin IXalpha 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate bilirubin dianion CHEBI:57977 bilirubin(2-) Beilstein:4083310 Beilstein (4Z,15Z)-bilirubin IXalpha UniProt 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate ChEBI bilirubin dianion ChEBI An amino-acid residue protonated on nitrogen. chebi_ontology amino acid cation residue amino acid cation residues amino-acid cation residue amino-acid cation residues cationic amino acid residue cationic amino acid residues cationic amino-acid residues CHEBI:58942 cationic amino-acid residue amino acid cation residue ChEBI amino acid cation residues ChEBI amino-acid cation residue ChEBI amino-acid cation residues ChEBI cationic amino acid residue ChEBI cationic amino acid residues ChEBI cationic amino-acid residues ChEBI An organic anion of general formula RS(=O)2O(-) where R is an organyl group. chebi_ontology organosulfate oxoanions CHEBI:58958 organosulfate oxoanion organosulfate oxoanions ChEBI An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound. chebi_ontology acyclic tetrapyrrole anion acyclic tetrapyrrole anions linear tetrapyrrole anions CHEBI:59252 linear tetrapyrrole anion acyclic tetrapyrrole anion ChEBI acyclic tetrapyrrole anions ChEBI linear tetrapyrrole anions ChEBI A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. chebi_ontology nucleophile nucleophiles nucleophilic reagents CHEBI:59740 nucleophilic reagent nucleophile ChEBI nucleophiles ChEBI nucleophilic reagents ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. chebi_ontology Chemische Substanz CHEBI:59999 chemical substance Chemische Substanz ChEBI A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. chebi_ontology Mischung CHEBI:60004 mixture Mischung ChEBI A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. Wikipedia:Polymer Polymer chebi_ontology Kunststoff CHEBI:60027 polymer Polymer ChEBI Kunststoff ChEBI An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules. chebi_ontology polyionic polymer CHEBI:60164 ionic polymer polyionic polymer ChEBI An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. chebi_ontology a monovalent cation CHEBI:60242 monovalent inorganic cation a monovalent cation UniProt Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged. 0 C2H4NO2R(C2H2NOR)n chebi_ontology a peptide peptide zwitterions CHEBI:60466 peptide zwitterion a peptide UniProt peptide zwitterions ChEBI Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. chebi_ontology nucleobase-containing compound nucleobase-containing compounds nucleobase-containing molecular entities CHEBI:61120 nucleobase-containing molecular entity nucleobase-containing compound SUBMITTER nucleobase-containing compounds ChEBI nucleobase-containing molecular entities ChEBI A polymer, composed of polyanion macromolecules. chebi_ontology polyanion polyanions CHEBI:61469 polyanionic polymer polyanion ChEBI polyanions ChEBI A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. chebi_ontology oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents CHEBI:63248 oxidising agent oxidant ChEBI oxidants ChEBI oxidiser ChEBI oxidisers ChEBI oxidising agents ChEBI oxidizer ChEBI oxidizers ChEBI oxidizing agent ChEBI oxidizing agents ChEBI Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. chebi_ontology carbohydrate derivatives derivatised carbohydrate derivatised carbohydrates derivatized carbohydrate derivatized carbohydrates CHEBI:63299 carbohydrate derivative carbohydrate derivatives ChEBI derivatised carbohydrate ChEBI derivatised carbohydrates ChEBI derivatized carbohydrate ChEBI derivatized carbohydrates ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid. chebi_ontology carbohydrate acid derivatives CHEBI:63436 carbohydrate acid derivative carbohydrate acid derivatives ChEBI An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. PMID:21822758 PMID:21993877 PMID:22005599 PMID:22082101 PMID:22153577 PMID:22213370 PMID:22218931 PMID:22342987 PMID:22371656 chebi_ontology monoamines naturally occurring monoamine naturally occurring monoamines CHEBI:63534 monoamine PMID:21822758 Europe PMC PMID:21993877 Europe PMC PMID:22005599 Europe PMC PMID:22082101 Europe PMC PMID:22153577 Europe PMC PMID:22213370 Europe PMC PMID:22218931 Europe PMC PMID:22342987 Europe PMC PMID:22371656 Europe PMC monoamines ChEBI naturally occurring monoamine ChEBI naturally occurring monoamines ChEBI A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative. chebi_ontology carbohydrate acid anion derivative carbohydrate acid anion derivatives carbohydrate acid derivative anions CHEBI:63551 carbohydrate acid derivative anion carbohydrate acid anion derivative ChEBI carbohydrate acid anion derivatives ChEBI carbohydrate acid derivative anions ChEBI Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. Wikipedia:Food_additive chebi_ontology food additives CHEBI:64047 food additive food additives ChEBI A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. Wikipedia:Acidity_regulator chebi_ontology acidity regulator acidity regulators food acidity regulators pH control agent pH control agents CHEBI:64049 food acidity regulator acidity regulator ChEBI acidity regulators ChEBI food acidity regulators ChEBI pH control agent ChEBI pH control agents ChEBI An organic amino compound in which an aminoalkyl group is linked to an arene. chebi_ontology aralkylamino compounds CHEBI:64365 aralkylamino compound aralkylamino compounds ChEBI A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14. CAS:38916-34-6 Drug_Central:2997 HMDB:HMDB0013072 KEGG:C16022 KEGG:D07431 LINCS:LSM-5326 PMID:21922516 PMID:22129035 PMID:22147011 PMID:22251942 PMID:22483686 PMID:22509294 Reaxys:10148626 Wikipedia:Somatostatin L-alanyl-N-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-31-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13,25,28-tribenzyl-4-carboxy-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontan-37-yl]glycinamide chebi_ontology Ala-Gly-cyclo-[Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys] L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide Somatostatin-1 Somatostatin-14 Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone somatostatin somatostatina somatostatine somatostatinum CHEBI:64628 somatostatin CAS:38916-34-6 ChemIDplus CAS:38916-34-6 KEGG DRUG Drug_Central:2997 DrugCentral PMID:21922516 Europe PMC PMID:22129035 Europe PMC PMID:22147011 Europe PMC PMID:22251942 Europe PMC PMID:22483686 Europe PMC PMID:22509294 Europe PMC Reaxys:10148626 Reaxys L-alanyl-N-[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-31-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13,25,28-tribenzyl-4-carboxy-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontan-37-yl]glycinamide IUPAC Ala-Gly-cyclo-[Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys] ChEBI L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide ChemIDplus Somatostatin-1 KEGG_COMPOUND Somatostatin-14 KEGG_COMPOUND Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone ChemIDplus somatostatin KEGG_DRUG somatostatina ChemIDplus somatostatine ChemIDplus somatostatinum ChemIDplus An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology one-carbon compounds CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. chebi_ontology organic acids CHEBI:64709 organic acid organic acids ChEBI A group that carries an overall positive charge. chebi_ontology cationic groups CHEBI:64766 cationic group cationic groups ChEBI A group that carries an overall negative charge. chebi_ontology anionic groups CHEBI:64767 anionic group anionic groups ChEBI A cationic group that contains carbon. chebi_ontology organic cationic groups CHEBI:64769 organic cationic group organic cationic groups ChEBI An anionic group that contains carbon. chebi_ontology organic anionic groups CHEBI:64775 organic anionic group organic anionic groups ChEBI An amino-acid residue carrying an overall negative charge. chebi_ontology amino acid anion residue amino acid anion residues amino-acid anion residue amino-acid anion residues anionic amino acid residue anionic amino acid residues CHEBI:64898 anionic amino-acid residue amino acid anion residue ChEBI amino acid anion residues ChEBI amino-acid anion residue ChEBI amino-acid anion residues ChEBI anionic amino acid residue ChEBI anionic amino acid residues ChEBI Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. Wikipedia:Poison chebi_ontology poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances CHEBI:64909 poison poisonous agent ChEBI poisonous agents ChEBI poisonous substance ChEBI poisonous substances ChEBI poisons ChEBI toxic agent ChEBI toxic agents ChEBI toxic substance ChEBI toxic substances ChEBI A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide. chebi_ontology polysaccharide derivatives CHEBI:65212 polysaccharide derivative polysaccharide derivatives ChEBI Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. chebi_ontology food preservatives CHEBI:65255 food preservative food preservatives ChEBI A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299). chebi_ontology antimicrobial food preservatives antimicrobial preservative antimicrobial preservatives CHEBI:65256 antimicrobial food preservative antimicrobial food preservatives ChEBI antimicrobial preservative ChEBI antimicrobial preservatives ChEBI An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3. chebi_ontology a primary amine substituted ammonium CHEBI:65296 primary ammonium ion a primary amine UniProt substituted ammonium ChEBI Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. chebi_ontology anti-inflammatory agents antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory agents CHEBI:67079 anti-inflammatory agent anti-inflammatory agents ChEBI antiinflammatory agent ChEBI antiinflammatory agents ChEBI An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of (R)-noradrenaline, obtained by protonation of the priamry amino group; major species at pH 7.3. PDBeChem:E5E (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanaminium chebi_ontology (R)-noradrenaline (R)-noradrenaline cation (R)-noradrenalinium cation (R)-noradrenalinium(1+) CHEBI:72587 (R)-noradrenaline(1+) (2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanaminium IUPAC (R)-noradrenaline UniProt (R)-noradrenaline cation ChEBI (R)-noradrenalinium cation ChEBI (R)-noradrenalinium(1+) ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment. MetaCyc:Exopolysaccharides PMID:11160795 PMID:11785425 PMID:1444258 PMID:15738217 PMID:16075348 PMID:17440912 PMID:18097339 PMID:19453747 PMID:20172021 PMID:20631870 PMID:20718297 PMID:2688547 PMID:6354590 Wikipedia:Exopolysaccharide Wikipedia:Extracellular_polymeric_substance chebi_ontology exopolysaccharides extracellular polymeric substance extracellular polymeric substances CHEBI:72813 exopolysaccharide PMID:11160795 Europe PMC PMID:11785425 Europe PMC PMID:1444258 Europe PMC PMID:15738217 Europe PMC PMID:16075348 Europe PMC PMID:17440912 Europe PMC PMID:18097339 Europe PMC PMID:19453747 Europe PMC PMID:20172021 Europe PMC PMID:20631870 Europe PMC PMID:20718297 Europe PMC PMID:2688547 Europe PMC PMID:6354590 Europe PMC exopolysaccharides ChEBI extracellular polymeric substance ChEBI extracellular polymeric substances ChEBI A mancude heterobicyclic organic group consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. chebi_ontology CHEBI:73398 indole skeleton A bicyclic organic group that contains both carbon and hetero atoms. chebi_ontology organic heterobicyclic rings CHEBI:73541 organic heterobicyclic ring organic heterobicyclic rings ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology eukaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. CHEBI:77721 CHEBI:77743 chebi_ontology animal metabolites CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. CHEBI:77464 CHEBI:77744 chebi_ontology mammalian metabolites CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). chebi_ontology Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). CHEBI:76949 CHEBI:76951 chebi_ontology S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology prokaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound. chebi_ontology xenobiotic metabolites CHEBI:76206 xenobiotic metabolite xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI envoPolar greenhouse gas Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). Wikipedia:Hydrolase chebi_ontology EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors CHEBI:76759 EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors CHEBI:76764 EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors CHEBI:76807 EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. CHEBI:75766 CHEBI:76925 chebi_ontology plant metabolites plant secondary metabolites CHEBI:76924 plant metabolite plant metabolites ChEBI plant secondary metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. CHEBI:75765 CHEBI:76947 chebi_ontology fungal metabolites CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite fungal metabolites ChEBI Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans. chebi_ontology human xenobiotic metabolites CHEBI:76967 human xenobiotic metabolite human xenobiotic metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. CHEBI:75760 CHEBI:76970 chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI A stable isotope of boron with relative atomic mass 10.0129370, 19.9 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3+. 0 [10B] InChI=1S/B/i1-1 ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-BJUDXGSMSA-N 10.013 10.01294 [10B] boron-10 chebi_ontology (10)B CHEBI:77014 boron-10 atom boron-10 IUPAC (10)B SUBMITTER Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). CHEBI:75770 CHEBI:77123 chebi_ontology H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites CHEBI:77746 human metabolite H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). Wikipedia:Amidase chebi_ontology EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors CHEBI:77941 EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors ChEBI amidase inhibitor ChEBI amidase inhibitors ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI deaminase inhibitor ChEBI deaminase inhibitors ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. Wikipedia:Packaging_gas chebi_ontology food packaging gases CHEBI:77974 food packaging gas food packaging gases ChEBI A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology dietary component dietary components food components CHEBI:78295 food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI environmental contaminant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant chebi_ontology refrigerants CHEBI:78433 refrigerant refrigerants ChEBI An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. An amino acid-zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3. 0 C2H4NO2R 74.059 74.02420 [NH3+]C([*])C([O-])=O CHEBI:83409 MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids chebi_ontology alpha-amino acid zwitterion alpha-amino acid zwitterions alpha-amino-acid zwitterions an alpha-amino acid CHEBI:78608 alpha-amino acid zwitterion alpha-amino-acid zwitterion MetaCyc:Alpha-Amino-Acids SUBMITTER alpha-amino acid zwitterion ChEBI alpha-amino acid zwitterions ChEBI alpha-amino-acid zwitterions ChEBI an alpha-amino acid UniProt Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. chebi_ontology carbohydrates and derivatives carbohydrates and their derivatives CHEBI:78616 carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives carbohydrates and derivatives ChEBI carbohydrates and their derivatives ChEBI Any metabolite produced by all living cells. chebi_ontology essential metabolite essential metabolites fundamental metabolites CHEBI:78675 fundamental metabolite essential metabolite ChEBI essential metabolites ChEBI fundamental metabolites ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. chebi_ontology divalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79388 divalent inorganic anion divalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. chebi_ontology monovalent inorganic anions CHEBI:79389 monovalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anions ChEBI A zinc atom in which the nucleus contains 35 neutrons. It has a half-life of 244 days, decaying by emission of a positron (beta(+) decay), and is the most abundant and stable of the 25 known radioisotopes of zinc. 0 [65Zn] InChI=1S/Zn/i1+0 HCHKCACWOHOZIP-IGMARMGPSA-N 64.929 64.92925 [65Zn] CAS:13982-39-3 PMID:11431342 PMID:13615323 PMID:13694484 PMID:13734409 PMID:13744376 PMID:13783426 PMID:13841044 PMID:14425466 PMID:1682403 PMID:17807441 PMID:19448268 ((65)Zn)zinc chebi_ontology (65)30Zn (65)Zn Zn-65 zinc, isotope of mass 65 zinc-65 CHEBI:82623 zinc-65 atom CAS:13982-39-3 ChemIDplus PMID:11431342 Europe PMC PMID:13615323 Europe PMC PMID:13694484 Europe PMC PMID:13734409 Europe PMC PMID:13744376 Europe PMC PMID:13783426 Europe PMC PMID:13841044 Europe PMC PMID:14425466 Europe PMC PMID:1682403 Europe PMC PMID:17807441 Europe PMC PMID:19448268 Europe PMC ((65)Zn)zinc IUPAC (65)30Zn IUPAC (65)Zn IUPAC Zn-65 ChEBI zinc, isotope of mass 65 ChemIDplus zinc-65 ChemIDplus An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. chebi_ontology crustacean metabolites CHEBI:83039 crustacean metabolite crustacean metabolites ChEBI A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. chebi_ontology Daphnia magna metabolites CHEBI:83056 Daphnia magna metabolite Daphnia magna metabolites ChEBI A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia Wikipedia:Daphnia chebi_ontology Daphnia metabolites CHEBI:83057 Daphnia metabolite Daphnia metabolites ChEBI Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group. chebi_ontology CHEBI:84729 hydroxyindoles Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. chebi_ontology allergenic metal allergenic metals metal allergens CHEBI:88184 metal allergen allergenic metal ChEBI allergenic metals ChEBI metal allergens ChEBI An independent material continuant that is self-connected and retains its identity over time. CHMO:0000993 portion of material An independent material continuant that is self-connected and retains its identity over time. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7429 A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity. CHMO:0002793 sensor A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7429 Measurement of the dose of a substance taken up by an object. CHMO:0002796 dosimetry Measurement of the dose of a substance taken up by an object. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847559753-00013 A sensor that is used to measure the dose of a substance taken by up an object. CHMO:0002797 dosimeter A sensor that is used to measure the dose of a substance taken by up an object. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847559753-00013 cell PMID:18089833.Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):12018-25. "...Epithelial cells were harvested from histologically confirmed adenocarcinomas .." A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CL and GO definitions of cell differ based on inclusive or exclusive of cell wall, etc. We struggled with this definition. We are worried about circularity. We also considered requiring the capability of metabolism. CALOHA:TS-2035 CALOHA:TS-2035 FBbt:00007002 FMA:68646 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 KUPO:0000002 MESH:D002477 NCIt:C12508 NCIt:C48694 VHOG:0001533 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 XAO:0003012 ZFA:0009000 The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:mah FBbt:00007002 ZFA:0009000 Any fibroblast that is derived from the neural crest. fibroblast neural crest derived neural crest derived fibroblast Any fibroblast that is derived from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception. neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia) neuronal receptor cell Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception. FBC:Autogenerated A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. early embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the gem layers is complete. GOC:tfm Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. migratory cranial neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory cranial neural crest population. Migratory cranial neural crest cells develop from premigratory cranial neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. ZFA:0007091 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. migratory trunk neural crest cell Cell that is part of the migratory trunk neural crest population. Migratory trunk neural crest cells develop from premigratory trunk neural crest cells and have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition and delamination. ZFA:0007095 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. germline stem cell germ line stem cell true A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. MA:0000388 VHOG:0001530 ncithesaurus:Egg female germ cell true Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. GOC:tfm PMID:11023867 PMID:20454446 A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. female germ line stem cell true true A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.016 A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. BTO:0000964 CALOHA:TS-0711 FMA:18644 MESH:D009865 WBbt:0006797 oogonium oocyte true A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. FMA:83673 oogonial cell true An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. BTO:0000369 BTO:0003801 CALOHA:TS-2191 FMA:67343 MESH:D010063 mature oocyte ovum egg cell https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Egg_cell.svg true A female gamete where meiosis has progressed to metaphase II and is able to participate in fertilization. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. smooth muscle cell neural crest derived true A smooth muscle cell derived from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell. neuron neural crest derived neural crest derived neuron true Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. BTO:0000930 FMA:70563 neuroblast neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) A cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase. GOC:NV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblast A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. CALOHA:TS-2086 FMA:63368 animal stem cell This term applies to metazoan. For plant stem cells, consider using PO:0004011 ‘initial cell’ or its parent PO:0004010 ‘meristematic cell’. stem cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. GOC:tfm MESH:D013234 A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. FMA:70569 unipotent stem cell unipotential stem cell single fate stem cell A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type. GOC:tfm epithelial stem cell epithelial fate stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 FMA:86475 MESH:D006412 VHOG:0001485 blood forming stem cell hemopoietic stem cell HSC colony forming unit hematopoietic Markers differ between species, and two sets of markers have been described for mice. HSCs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-negative, CD150-positive, CD133-positive, and CD244-negative. hematopoietic stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system. Hematopoietic stem cells lack cell markers of effector cells (lin-negative). Lin-negative is defined by lacking one or more of the following cell surface markers: CD2, CD3 epsilon, CD4, CD5 ,CD8 alpha chain, CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD56, ly6G, ter119. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell HSC A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. BTO:0004911 BFU-E CFU-E blast forming unit erythroid burst forming unit erythroid colony forming unit erythroid erythroid stem cell erythroid progenitor cell true A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 BFU-E CFU-E A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. Originally this term had some plant germ line cell children. germ line cell A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. FMA:84789 multi-fate stem cell multifate stem cell multipotent cell multipotent stem cell multi fate stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. GOC:add A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. BTO:0004730 common myeloid precursor CFU-GEMM CFU-S CMP colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte multipotential myeloid stem cell myeloid stem cell pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate common myeloid progenitor. For mammalian CMP known to be CD34-positive, please use the term 'common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive' (CL_0001059). common myeloid progenitor true A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. GOC:add ISBN:0878932437 MESH:D023461 CFU-GEMM ISBN:0878932437 CFU-S ISBN:0878932437 CMP ISBN:0878932437 colony forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte ISBN:0878932437 multipotential myeloid stem cell ISBN:0878932437 myeloid stem cell ISBN:0878932437 pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow) ISBN:0878932437 A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. CFU-EM CFU-MegE MEP Meg/E progenitor colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyte megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor cell MEPs are reportedly CD19-negative, CD34-negative, CD45RA-negative, CD110-positive, CD117-positive, and SCA1-negative and reportedly express the transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2. megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell true A progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. GOC:add GOC:dsd GOC:tfm MESH:D055015 PMID:16647566 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte-erythroid_progenitor_cell A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. FMA:84790 MESH:D039901 totipotential stem cell totipotent stem cell A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. GOC:add GOC:tfm A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. BTO:0000125 FMA:84782 blast cell define using PATO mulit-potent or oligopotent? non-terminally differentiated cell A precursor cell with a limited number of potential fates. SANBI:mhl A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. BTO:0000222 CALOHA:TS-0650 FMA:70335 VHOG:0001529 myoblast A cell that is commited to differentiating into a muscle cell. Embryonic myoblasts develop from the mesoderm. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes. Myoblasts also occur as transient populations of cells in muscles undergoing repair. GOC:tfm MESH:D032446 PMID:21849021 A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. BTO:0000452 CALOHA:TS-0362 FMA:63877 NCIT:C12482 VHOG:0001482 These cells may be vimentin-positive, fibronectin-positive, fsp1-positive, MMP-1-positive, collagen I-positive, collagen III-positive, and alpha-SMA-negative. fibroblast A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. ISBN:0517223651 MESH:D005347 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. BTO:0003607 FMA:66783 chrondoplast chondroblast Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell. GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000034 ISBN:0618947256 A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. VHOG:0001532 XAO:0000031 ciliated cell A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. GOC:tfm A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. BTO:0000414 CALOHA:TS-2026 CARO:0000077 FMA:66768 WBbt:0003672 epitheliocyte epithelial cell https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Epithelial_cells.svg A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. FB:ma GOC:tfm MESH:D004847 An epithelial cell that has a cilia. FMA:70605 ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell that has a cilia. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. duct epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is part of a duct. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 branched duct epithelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. blood vessel endothelial cell An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. GOC:tfm A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. GO:0002065 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 Any epithelial cell that is part of some squamous epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1249 squamous epithelial cell Any epithelial cell that is part of some squamous epithelium. FBC:Autogenerated A flat, squamous-like epithelial cell of mesodermal origin. It forms the mesothelium, which lines the body's serous cavities including the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial spaces. This cell plays a crucial role in synthesizing and secreting lubricants, such as glycosaminoglycans and surfactants, which minimize friction between adjacent tissues during movement. FMA:66773 mesotheliocyte Mesothelial cells, which morphologically resemble squamous epithelial cells, express both epithelial markers (cytokeratins) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin), reflecting their mesodermal origin. They feature surface microvilli and apical-basal polarity. Under certain conditions, they can undergo mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These cells also produce extracellular matrix proteins, maintain serosal homeostasis, and facilitate fluid transport. mesothelial cell A flat, squamous-like epithelial cell of mesodermal origin. It forms the mesothelium, which lines the body's serous cavities including the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial spaces. This cell plays a crucial role in synthesizing and secreting lubricants, such as glycosaminoglycans and surfactants, which minimize friction between adjacent tissues during movement. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 PMID:26106328 Mesothelial cells, which morphologically resemble squamous epithelial cells, express both epithelial markers (cytokeratins) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin), reflecting their mesodermal origin. They feature surface microvilli and apical-basal polarity. Under certain conditions, they can undergo mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These cells also produce extracellular matrix proteins, maintain serosal homeostasis, and facilitate fluid transport. PMID:26106328 A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. circulating cell A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. GOC:add A cell found predominately in the blood. FMA:62844 MESH:D001773 blood cell true A cell found predominately in the blood. GOC:add GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the lung. BTO:0004299 lung epithelial cell epithelial cell of lung An epithelial cell of the lung. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 An epithelial cell of the pancreas. BTO:0000028 pancreas epithelial cell pancreatic epithelial cell epithelial cell of pancreas An epithelial cell of the pancreas. GOC:tfm neuron associated cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and neurecto-epithelial cell (CL:0000710). sensory epithelial cell A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibulocochlear receptor systems; contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0721662544 Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. BTO:0003811 FMA:67313 WBbt:0005113 CNS interneuron interneuron Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. GOC:tfm MESH:D007395 An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. BTO:0000312 FMA:83617 WBbt:0005409 motoneuron motor neuron An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. MESH:D009046 PMID:16875686 Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. BTO:0001037 FMA:84649 MESH:D011984 WBbt:0005759 sensory neuron Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. ISBN:0721662544 A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. FMA:80121 autonomic neuron A neuron whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. GOC:tfm A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. BTO:0004902 FMA:84796 MESH:D059329 WBbt:0006840 cholinergic neuron A neuron that uses acetylcholine as a vesicular neurotransmitter. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. BTO:0001176 CALOHA:TS-0278 FMA:66772 endotheliocyte From FMA: 9.07.2001: Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell, specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First, endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly, it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. [Onard]. endothelial cell An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm. GOC:tfm MESH:D042783 PMID:21275341 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_cell https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=440764&aid=3364936&group_id=36855 A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. BTO:0002606 CALOHA:TS-0415 FMA:54536 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000125 neuroglial cell neuroglia Not all glial cells develop from glioblasts, with microglia developing from the mesoderm instead. See https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1571 glial cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. MESH:D009457 Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. neurectoderm cell neurectodermal cell Ectoderm destined to be nervous tissue. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. BTO:0002625 BTO:0003298 FMA:70546 bone marrow stromal cells colony-forming unit-fibroblast marrow stromal cells BMSC CFU-F MSC mesenchymal precursor cell mesenchymal progenitor cells mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stromal cell mesenchymal stromal cells stem cells, mesenchymal Many but not all mesenchymal cells derive from the mesoderm. MSCs are reportedly CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8-negative, CD11a-negative, CD11b-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD29-positive, CD31-negative, CD34-negative, CD38-negative, CD40-negative, CD44-positive, CD45-negative, CD49-positive, CD54-positive, CD66b-negative, CD79a-negative, CD80-negative, CD102-positive, CD106-positive, CD117-positive, CD121a-positive, CD121b-positive, CD123-positive, CD124-positive, CD133-negative, CD146-positive, CD166-positive, CD271-positive, B220-negative, Gr1-negative, MHCI-positive, MHCII-negative, SSEA4-negative, sca1-positive, Ter119-negative, and glycophorin A-negative. Cultured MSCs are capable of producing stem cell factor, IL7, IL8, IL11, TGF-beta, cofilin, galectin-1, laminin-receptor 1, cyclophilin A, and MMP-2. mesenchymal stem cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/474 true A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs. FB:ma GOC:dsd PMCID:PMC2613570 PMID:10102814 PMID:16923606 PMID:17986482 PMID:19960544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal_stem_cell http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells marrow stromal cells PMID:11378515 BMSC CFU-F MSC PMID:11378515 mesenchymal progenitor cells MESH:D044982 mesenchymal stromal cells stem cells, mesenchymal MESH:D044982 A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. BTO:0000443 CALOHA:TS-0012 FMA:63880 adipose cell fat cell adipocyte A fat-storing cell found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of mammals. Fat is usually stored in the form of triglycerides. MESH:D017667 Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. BTO:0000249 CALOHA:TS-0138 FMA:66782 cartilage cell chondrocyte Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. GO_REF:0000034 MESH:D019902 A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. VHOG:0001678 chromatocyte chromatophore pigment cell A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. GOC:tfm pigment cell visual pigment cell An epithelial cell, located in a gland, that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules, such as hormones, or mucous. CALOHA:TS-2085 FMA:86494 glandular epithelial cell glandular secretory epithelial cell An epithelial cell, located in a gland, that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules, such as hormones, or mucous. GOC:tfm ORCID:0000-0002-7073-9172 A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. BTO:0003659 FMA:86916 secretory cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. FMA:16014 exocrine cell A cell of an exocrine gland; i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct. ISBN:0198547684 A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GAG secreting cell hyaluronic acid secreting cell glycosaminoglycan secreting cell A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans. GOC:tfm Any secretory cell that is capable of some protein secretion. protein secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some protein secretion. FBC:Autogenerated seromucus secreting cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. FMA:83809 endocrinocyte endocrine cell A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions. MESH:D055098 An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. BTO:0003865 FMA:62930 MESH:D019858 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000164 enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas. GOC:tfm SANBI:mhl A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. BTO:0002691 FMA:83810 neurosecretory cell neurosecretory neuron The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements. The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron. neuroendocrine cell A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. MESH:D055099 The neurosecretory cell is neither an ordinary neuron nor an endocrine cell, but a combination of both. Its neuronal features resemble those of ordinary neurons concerning both structure and function. The production of a visible secretory material marks the neurosecretory neuron as a gland cell, and the fact that extractable cellular products act in the manner of hormones places it in the realm of endocrine elements. The modern definition of neurosecretion has evolved to include the release of any neuronal secretory product from a neuron. PMID:5342440 https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323555968000073 Any secretory cell that is capable of some peptide hormone secretion. peptide hormone secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some peptide hormone secretion. FBC:Autogenerated Any secretory cell that is capable of some insulin secretion. BTO:0000783 insulin secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some insulin secretion. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. beta cell BTO:0000783 EV:0200009 FMA:70586 MA:0002419 ncithesaurus:Beta_Cell B-cell of pancreatic islet beta cell of pancreatic islet insulin-secreting cell pancreatic B cell pancreatic B-cell pancreatic beta cell pancreatic islet core type B enteroendocrine cell beta cell islet Pancreatic beta cells are also reportedly CD284-positive. Upon activation, they upregulate their CD14 expression. type B pancreatic cell true A cell that secretes insulin and is located towards the center of the islets of Langerhans. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_b_cell beta cell ZFA:0009102 B-cell of pancreatic islet FMA:70586 beta cell of pancreatic islet FMA:70586 insulin-secreting cell FMA:70586 pancreatic B-cell FMA:70586 pancreatic beta cell FMA:70586 pancreatic islet core MA:0002419 type B enteroendocrine cell FMA:70586 beta cell islet MA:0002419 A cell that secretes glucagon. FMA:84045 glucagon-secreting cell glucagon secreting cell A cell that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. BTO:0000990 FMA:70585 MESH:D050416 alpha cell of islet of Langerhans pancreatic alpha cell pancreatic A cell A type of enteocrine cell found in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion. somatostatin secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some somatostatin secretion. FBC:Autogenerated A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. BTO:0000803 FMA:70587 D-cell of pancreatic islet delta cell of islet delta cell of pancreatic islet pancreatic D-cell pancreatic delta cell somatostatin-secreting pancreatic cell pancreatic D cell A D cell located in the pancreas. Peripherally placed within the islets like type A cells; contains somatostatin. FMA:0517223651 GOC:tfm Any secretory cell that is capable of some steroid hormone secretion. steroid hormone secreting cell Any secretory cell that is capable of some steroid hormone secretion. FBC:Autogenerated The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. BTO:0000575 CALOHA:TS-0454 FMA:14515 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000182 Hepatocytes are reportedly MHC Class I-positive and MHC Class II-positive. hepatocyte The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. GOC:tfm ISBN:0412046911 MESH:D022781 PMID:19717280 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte A cell whose primary function is to shorten. contractile cell A cell whose primary function is to shorten. FB:ma A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. BTO:0000888 BTO:0000902 CALOHA:TS-2032 FMA:67328 WBbt:0003675 muscle fiber myocyte muscle cell https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Muscle_cells.svg A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. MESH:D032342 A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. BTO:0004392 CALOHA:TS-2158 FMA:9727 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000188 skeletal muscle cell cell of skeletal muscle A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. GOC:tfm A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). non-striated muscle cell BTO:0004576 CALOHA:TS-2159 FMA:14072 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000192 SMCs myocytes, smooth muscle smooth muscle fiber smooth muscle cell A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They develop from specialized myoblasts (smooth muscle myoblast). MESH:D032389 PMID:9315361 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_cell SMCs PMID:9315361 myocytes, smooth muscle MESH:D032389 A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. MESH:D011984 receptor cell sensory receptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. chemoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptors may monitor external stimuli, as in taste and olfaction, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. MESH:D002628 A cell specialized in detecting light stimuli that are involved in visual perception. BTO:0001060 CALOHA:TS-0868 FMA:86740 photoreceptor cell https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Photoreceptor_cell.svg A cell specialized in detecting light stimuli that are involved in visual perception. MESH:D010786 A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. electrically active cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. FB:ma A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. boundary cell lining cell A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. JB:jb A cell located in the synovial joint. CALOHA:TS-0995 synoviocyte synovial cell true A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. barrier cell A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. JB:jb A cell that moves by its own activities. motile cell A cell that moves by its own activities. FB:ma A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72549 ectoderm cell ectodermal cell A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:D004475 A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. FMA:72554 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000222 mesoblast mesoderm cell mesodermal cell A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo. MESH:D008648 A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. FMA:72555 endoderm cell endodermal cell A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo. MESH:D004707 A cell that lacks a nucleus. FMA:68647 non-nucleated cell anucleate cell A cell that lacks a nucleus. FB:ma A cell with a single nucleus. single nucleate cell A cell with a single nucleus. FB:ma GOC:tfm Any cell that has characteristic some binucleate. binucleate cell Any cell that has characteristic some binucleate. FBC:Autogenerated A cell with more than one nucleus. multinucleated cells polynuclear cells multinucleate cell A cell with more than one nucleus. FB:ma Wikipedia:Multinucleate multinucleated cells Wikipedia:Multinucleate polynuclear cells Wikipedia:Multinucleate A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. BTO:0000424 CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:81100 RBC red blood cell erythrocyte true A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. GOC:tfm MESH:D004912 Any cell that in taxon some Eukaryota. MESH:D005057 eukaryotic cell Any cell that in taxon some Eukaryota. FBC:Autogenerated Any cell that in taxon some Eumycetozoa. Eumycetozoan cell Any cell that in taxon some Eumycetozoa. FBC:Autogenerated Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some eye. eye photoreceptor cell Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some eye. FBC:Autogenerated A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. structural cell A cell whose primary function is to provide structural support, to provide strength and physical integrity to the organism. TAIR:sr A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. CALOHA:TS-0395 FMA:18649 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000300 haploid nucleated cell haploid germ cell gamete true A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 lens cell crystallin accumulating cell An epithelial cell found in the trachea. FMA:74793 tracheocyte This class is for the vertebrate tracheal structure. For the analagous insect cell type, see 'respiratory tube epithelial cell' tracheal epithelial cell true An epithelial cell found in the trachea. GOC:tfm Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. BTO:0003687 FMA:62511 serous cell serous secreting cell Columnar glandular cell with irregular nucleus, copious granular endoplasmic reticulum and supranuclear granules. Secretes a watery fluid containing proteins known as serous fluid. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 ISBN:0721662544 Any cell that is capable of some mucus secretion. BTO:0003689 mucous cell mucus secreting cell Any cell that is capable of some mucus secretion. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). stuff accumulating cell A cell that is specialised to accumulate a particular substance(s). FB:ma extracellular matrix secreting cell Any cell that is capable of some oxygen transport. oxygen accumulating cell Any cell that is capable of some oxygen transport. FBC:Autogenerated A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. FMA:86667 migratory neural crest cell A cell derived from the specialized ectoderm flanking each side of the embryonic neural plate, which after the closure of the neural tube, forms masses of cells that migrate out from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube to spread throughout the body. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.02.017 A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. mesenchyme condensation cell A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors. GOC:tfm PMID:5025404 A cell of the sclera of the eye. scleral cell A cell of the sclera of the eye. GOC:add A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. choroidal cell of the eye A structural cell that is part of optic choroid. GOC:add Any cell that is part of some extraembryonic structure. extraembryonic cell Any cell that is part of some extraembryonic structure. FBC:Autogenerated An extraembryonic cell that develops from a trophectodermal cell. This cell is found in the outer layer of the blastocyst and can invade other structures in the uterus once the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall. A trophoblast cell is involved in the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall, placental formation, remodelling of maternal vasculature in the uterus, nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and immune modulation to support fetal development. FMA:83028 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000351 trophoblastic cell trophoblast cell true An extraembryonic cell that develops from a trophectodermal cell. This cell is found in the outer layer of the blastocyst and can invade other structures in the uterus once the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall. A trophoblast cell is involved in the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall, placental formation, remodelling of maternal vasculature in the uterus, nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and immune modulation to support fetal development. GOC:tfm MESH:D014327 PMID:37630754 doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84725-8 trophoblastic cell doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84725-8 A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. epiblast cell A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). BTO:0001473 FMA:72551 blastomere blastoderm cell An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote). MESH:D001756 A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. FMA:86767 Multi-potency demonstrated ex vivo. At the time of writing, it is unclear whether the endogenous population differentiates into multiple cell types in vivo. multi-potent skeletal muscle stem cell true A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. PMID:18282570 A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000358 sphincter associated smooth muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. GOC:cjm A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000359 VSMC vascular smooth muscle cell vascular associated smooth muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). BTO:0001470 CALOHA:TS-0283 FMA:62411 MESH:D000078404 cell of epidermis epithelial cell of skin epidermal cell An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). Flybase:dsj MA:ma cell of epidermis FMA:62411 epithelial cell of skin FMA:62411 Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. zygote BTO:0000854 EHDAA2:0004546 FMA:72395 animal zygote Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. ISBN:0471245208 tracheoblast A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. FB:ma Any interneuron that has its soma located in some ganglion. ganglion interneuron true Any interneuron that has its soma located in some ganglion. FBC:Autogenerated A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. electrically signaling cell A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. FB:ma A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. polyploid cell A cell that contains more than two haploid sets of chromosomes. FB:ma PMID:32646579 https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.04%3A_Polyploidy A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. haploid cell A cell whose nucleus contains a single haploid genome. FB:ma GOC:tfm endopolyploid cell carbohydrate secreting cell biogenic amine secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). 5-HT secreting cell 5-Hydroxytryptamine secreting cell serotonin secreting cell A cell type that secretes 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). GOC:tfm PMID:19630576 A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. noradrenaline secreting cell norepinephrin secreting cell norepinephrine secreting cell noradrenergic cell A cell capable of producting norepiniphrine. Norepiniphrine is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. In addition, epiniphrine is synthesized from norepiniphrine by the actions of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase enzyme. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. visible light photoreceptor cell A photoreceptor cell that detects visible light. GOC:tfm A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. BTO:0002064 FMA:83624 stromal cell A connective tissue cell of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. GOC:tfm MESH:D017154 A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. FMA:62935 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000502 D cell type D enteroendocrine cell A cell found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the pancreas. They secrete somatostatin in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic enzymes, and gastric hydrochloric acid. A variety of substances which inhibit gastric acid secretion (vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and gastric inhibitory peptide) are thought to act by releasing somatostatin. MESH:D019864 An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. enkephalin secreting cell An endorphine cell that secretes enkephalin. GO:tfm A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. endorphin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes endorphin. GO:tfm An endocrine cell found in the stomach and duodenum and is responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. BTO:0004108 FMA:67609 G cell type G enteroendocrine cell An endocrine cell found in the stomach and duodenum and is responsible for the secretion of gastrin and enkephalin. Most abundant in pyloric antrum, pyramidal in form with a narrow apex bearing long microvilli. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 MESH:D019863 PMID:10700044 PMID:35674015 PMID:37240181 A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. gastrin secreting cell A peptide hormone secreting cell that secretes gastrin. GO:tfm A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. FMA:84797 cardiac muscle progenitor cell cardiomyocyte progenitor cell cardiac muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into cardiac muscle cell. GOC:tfm MESH:D032386 A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. FMA:84798 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000514 myoblast, smooth muscle satellite cell smooth muscle myoblast A precursor cell destined to differentiate into smooth muscle myocytes. GOC:tfm MESH:D032390 myoblast, smooth muscle MESH:D032390 A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. FMA:84799 skeletal myoblast skeletal muscle myoblast A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers. SANBI:mhl Any cell that in taxon some Fungi. fungal cell Any cell that in taxon some Fungi. FBC:Autogenerated A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. FMA:83043 syncytial trophoblast cell syncytiotrophoblastic cell plasmidotrophoblast cell syntrophoblast cell syncytiotrophoblast cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/2100 A cell from the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast of an early mammalian embryo, directly associated with the maternal blood supply. It secretes hCG in order to maintain progesterone secretion and sustain a pregnancy. GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 syncytial trophoblast cell PMID:11787150 syncytiotrophoblastic cell PMID:21733368 A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. FMA:87653 input neuron afferent neuron A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. GOC:tfm MESH:D009475 A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. output neuron efferent neuron A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. MESH:D009476 The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. BTO:0000938 CALOHA:TS-0683 FMA:54527 VHOG:0001483 WBbt:0003679 nerve cell These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. neuron https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Neuron_cells.svg The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. MESH:D009474 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83518 rubriblast pronormoblast proerythroblast true An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. ISBN:0721601464 PMID:1638021 rubriblast ISBN:0721601464 A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83505 basophilic normoblast early erythroblast early normoblast prorubricyte basophilic erythroblast true A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 basophilic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 early erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 early normoblast ISBN:0721601464 prorubricyte ISBN:0721601464 A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. FMA:83506 intermediate erythroblast intermediate normoblast polychromatic erythroblast polychromatic normoblast polychromatophilic normoblast rubricyte polychromatophilic erythroblast true A nucleated, immature erythrocyte in which the nucleus occupies a relatively smaller part of the cell than in its precursor, the basophilic erythroblast. The cytoplasm is beginning to acquire hemoglobin and thus is no longer a purely basophilic, but takes on acidophilic aspects, which becomes progressively more marked as the cell matures. The chromatin of the nucleus is arranged in coarse, deeply staining clumps. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. ISBN:0721601464 intermediate erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 intermediate normoblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 polychromatophilic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 rubricyte ISBN:0721601464 The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. FMA:84646 acidophilic erythroblast eosinophilic erythroblast late erythoblast orthochromatic normoblast pyknotic eto enrythroblast orthochromatic erythroblast true The final stage of the nucleated, immature erythrocyte, before nuclear loss. Typically the cytoplasm is described as acidophilic, but it still shows a faint polychromatic tint. The nucleus is small and initially may still have coarse, clumped chromatin, as in its precursor, the polychromatophilic erythroblast, but ultimately it becomes pyknotic, and appears as a deeply staining, blue-black, homogeneous structureless mass. The nucleus is often eccentric and sometimes lobulated. ISBN:0721601464 acidophilic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 eosinophilic erythroblast ISBN:0721601464 orthochromatic normoblast ISBN:0721601464 pyknotic eto enrythroblast ISBN:0721601464 The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). BTO:0001164 CALOHA:TS-0610 FMA:84235 MESH:D055016 CFU-Meg Meg-CFC MkP colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte megacaryoblast megacaryocyte progenitor cell megakaryoblast megakaryocytic progenitor cell promegacaryocyte promegakaryocyte Lineage negative is described here as CD2-negative, CD3-negative, CD4-negative, CD5-negative, CD8a-negative, CD14-negative, CD19-negative, CD20-negative, CD56-negative, Ly6g-negative, and Ter119-negative. megakaryocyte progenitor cell true The earliest cytologically identifiable precursor in the thrombocytic series. This cell is capable of endomitosis and lacks expression of hematopoieitic lineage markers (lin-negative). GOC:dsd GOC:tfm ISBN:0721601464 CFU-Meg PMID:11722431 PMID:12482498 Meg-CFC PMCID:PMC1794060 MkP PMID:21116988 megakaryocytic progenitor cell PMID:12482498 A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. BTO:0000843 CALOHA:TS-0611 FMA:83555 megacaryocyte megalocaryocyte megalokaryocyte Megakaryocytes are reportedly CD181-positive and CD182-positive. megakaryocyte true A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. ISBN:0721601464 MESH:D008533 PMID:31043076 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megakaryocyte An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. BTO:0001173 CALOHA:TS-0864 MESH:D012156 reticulocyte true An immature erythrocyte that changes the protein composition of its plasma membrane by exosome formation and extrusion. The types of protein removed differ between species though removal of the transferrin receptor is apparent in mammals and birds. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:15946868 PMID:2037622 An erythrocyte having a nucleus. RBC red blood cell nucleate erythrocyte true An erythrocyte having a nucleus. GOC:add GOc:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. angioblast chondroplast These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, CD309-positive, and TAL1-positive. angioblastic mesenchymal cell true A mesenchymal stem cell capable of developing into blood vessel endothelium. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. cardiac mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal cell found in the developing heart and that develops into some part of the heart. These cells derive from intra- and extra-cardiac sources, including the endocardium, epicardium, neural crest, and second heart field. PMID:18816864 One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. BTO:0001036 CALOHA:TS-0866 FMA:67748 cone retinal cone cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. MESH:D017949 cone doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 An epithelial cell of the cornea. BTO:0004298 CALOHA:TS-0173 FMA:70551 epithelial cell of cornea corneal epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the cornea. GOC:tfm epithelial cell of cornea FMA:70551 The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. BTO:0000535 NCIT:C12597 VHOG:0001534 WBbt:0006796 germ cell true The reproductive cell in multicellular organisms. MESH:D005854 A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. androgen secreting cell A steroid hormone secreting cell that secretes androgen. GOC:tfm One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. BTO:0001024 CALOHA:TS-0870 FMA:67747 rod retinal rod cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. MESH:D017948 rod doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). FMA:83625 MESH:D061354 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000622 acinic cell acinous cell acinar cell A secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus). GOC:tfm http://www.copewithcytokines.de A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. BTO:0002315 supportive cell supporting cell A cell whose primary function is to support other cell types. FB:ma GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that has small pores, or fenestrations, which allow for the efficient exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000666 window cell fenestrated endothelial cell An endothelial cell that has small pores, or fenestrations, which allow for the efficient exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues. DOI:10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_133 An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. collagen secreting cell An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. GOC:tfm A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. FMA:70567 gonocyte primitive germ cell primordial germ cell true true A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. GOC:tfm PMID:1381289 A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. female gamete true A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline. GOC:tfm A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. muscle precursor cell A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell. GOC:add A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. FMA:62938 FMA:83409 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000696 type F enteroendocrine cell PP cell A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone. GOC:tfm JB:jb PMID:15153415 Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. neuroepithelial cell BTO:0004301 FMA:70557 The term "neuroepithelial cell" is used to describe both this cell type and sensory epithelial cell (CL:0000098). neurecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest. GOC:tfm A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. CALOHA:TS-2086 MESH:D053687 somatic stem cell A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. GO:0048103 Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. BTO:0002916 CALOHA:TS-2157 FMA:86936 striated muscle cell Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. BTO:0000751 CALOHA:TS-0549 FMA:62852 MESH:D007962 NCIT:C12529 leucocyte white blood cell immune cell leukocyte true An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. GOC:add GOC:tfm ISBN:978-0-323-05290-0 The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. BTO:0001800 FMA:67765 MESH:D012165 gangliocyte ganglion cell of retina RGC RGCs retinal ganglion cell The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve. GOC:dph RGC doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 RGCs doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66092-9 Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. cardiocyte BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:14067 MESH:D032383 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000746 cardiac muscle fiber cardiac myocyte cardiomyocyte heart muscle cell This class encompasses the muscle cells responsible for heart* contraction in both vertebrates and arthropods. The ultrastucture of a wide range of arthropod heart cells has been examined including spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans (see Sherman, 1973 and refs therein) and insects (see Lehmacher et al (2012) and refs therein). According to these refs, the cells participating in heart contraction in all cases are transversely striated. Insects hearts additionally contain ostial cells, also transversely striated muscle cells, but which do not participate in heart contraction. cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei. GOC:mtg_cardiacconduct_nov11 GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 PMID:22426062 PMID:4711263 cardiac muscle fiber GO:0048739 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. BTO:0001441 CALOHA:TS-0647 MESH:D022423 myeloid cell true A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. GOC:add A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. CALOHA:TS-0290 FMA:62845 FMA:83516 erythropoietic cell Note that in FMA erythropoietic cells are types of nucleated erythrocytes and thus don't include erythrocytes. erythroid lineage cell A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes. GOC:add GOC:tfm A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. BTO:0001571 CALOHA:TS-0289 FMA:83504 MESH:D004900 normoblast erythroblast true A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 PMID:18174176 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. myeloid leukocyte true A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. GOC:add A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. BTO:0000725 CALOHA:TS-0448 MPP hemopoietic progenitor cell Markers differ between mouse and human. hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. myeloid progenitor cell BTO:0004730 CALOHA:TS-2099 FMA:70339 Note that this is a class of cell types, not an identified single cell type. myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell true A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage. GOC:add GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. MESH:D059326 WBbt:0006837 5-HT neuron 5-hydroxytryptamine neuron serotinergic neuron serotonergic neuron A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. SANBI:mhl A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. BTO:0000574 CALOHA:TS-2017 FMA:70366 FMA:83598 haematopoietic cell haemopoietic cell hemopoietic cell hematopoietic cell A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. GOC:add GO_REF:0000031 A connective tissue cell found in bone. 2011-11-16T04:28:16Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0001035 bone cell A connective tissue cell found in bone. GOC:add GO_REF:0000034 A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). BTO:0004911 BFU-E CFU-E blast forming unit erythroid burst forming unit erythroid colony forming unit erythroid erythroid stem cell erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative). GOC:add ISBN:0721601464 BFU-E CFU-E A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. 2010-01-06T03:43:20Z hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. 2010-01-06T03:43:27Z This cell type is intended to be compatible with any vertebrate hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell. For mammalian hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cells known to be lineage-negative, please use the term 'hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell' (CL_0001060). hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. GOC:tfm PMID:19022770 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. 2010-06-24T03:16:29Z BTO:0000028 CALOHA:TS-0737 FMA:63032 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002064 acinar cell of pancreas pancreatic acinar cell true A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 PMID:20395539 http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=pancreatic%20acinar%20cells An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. 2010-09-10T10:48:54Z FMA:62939 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002067 type A enteroendocrine cell An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. GOC:tfm ISBN:0412046911 Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. 2010-06-28T08:36:15Z BTO:0001032 FMA:14146 Purkinje cell fiber Purkinje muscle cell myocytus conducens cardiacus Purkinje myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter. FMA:0412046911 GOC:tfm PMID:19939742 A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. 2010-06-29T11:41:37Z pacemaker cell BTO:0004190 FMA:67101 P cell cardiac pacemaker cell myocytus nodalis nodal myocyte A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery. FMA:67101 GOC:tfm cardiac pacemaker cell GOC:pr Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. 2010-06-29T02:39:32Z FMA:67142 transitional myocyte Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes. FMA:67142 GOC:tfm The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). 2010-06-29T11:50:47Z FMA:67111 myocardial endocrine cell The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides). FMA:67111 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. 2010-06-29T03:38:14Z FMA:69075 endo-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from endoderm. FMA:69075 GOC:tfm An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. 2010-06-29T03:38:22Z FMA:69074 ecto-epithelial cell An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm. FMA:69074 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. 2010-06-29T03:49:14Z FMA:69076 epithelial mesenchymal cell meso-epithelial cell Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. FMA:69076 GOC:tfm Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. 2010-06-30T08:49:43Z FMA:63099 pancreatic ductal cell Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH. FMA:63099 GOC:tfm PMID:14740223 A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. 2010-06-30T08:49:52Z FMA:62455 centroacinar cell of Langerhans pancreatic centroacinar cell pancreatic centro-acinar cell A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types. GOC:tfm PMID:12142741 PMID:20018761 PMID:8185160 A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. 2010-07-21T01:33:38Z FMA:67968 specialized cardiac myocyte A cardiac myocyte that is an excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. FMA:67968 GOC:tfm A leukocyte that lacks granules. 2010-07-22T11:30:33Z FMA:62855 agranular leukocyte nongranular leukocyte true A leukocyte that lacks granules. GOC:tfm This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise. 2010-07-22T03:26:00Z BTO:0003914 FMA:86573 ICC intestinal pacemaker cell Some argue this cell type is of mesenchymal origin. interstitial cell of Cajal true This is a cell found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and serves as a pacemaker that triggers gut contraction. ICCs mediate inputs from the enteric nervous system to smooth muscle cells and are thought to be the cells from which gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise. GOC:tfm PMID:16460275 PMID:19520112 intestinal pacemaker cell GOC:pr A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. 2010-07-22T04:48:15Z BTO:0004850 FMA:83621 MESH:D001854 MH consider whether bone marrow cells are bone cells in the structural sense vs. being part of bone organ sense. bone marrow cell true A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. 2010-08-23T11:18:18Z FMA:18710 hilar cell of ovary hilus cell of ovary A cell in the hilum of the ovary that produces androgens. GOC:tfm ISBN:068340007X A stomal cell of the ovary 2010-08-23T12:10:31Z FMA:72299 ovarian stromal cell stromal cell of ovary A stomal cell of the ovary GOC:tfm ovarian stromal cell GOC:cjm An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. 2010-08-24T02:06:40Z BTO:0001854 CALOHA:TS-1106 FMA:67755 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002139 vascular endothelial cell cubodial endothelial cell of vascular tree These cells are reportedly CD31-positive, CD34-positive, CD144-positive, TAL1-positive. endothelial cell of vascular tree An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. GOC:dsd GOC:tfm PMID:12768659 An endothelial cell found in capillaries. 2010-08-24T10:15:00Z BTO:0004956 CALOHA:TS-0112 FMA:67756 capillary endothelial cell An endothelial cell found in capillaries. GOC:tfm Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. 2010-08-26T08:31:08Z FMA:70556 general ecto-epithelial cell Epithelial cells derived from general body ectoderm and ectoderm placodes. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. 2010-08-25T03:22:08Z FMA:62948 epithelial cell of stomach true An epithelial cell found in the lining of the stomach. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the stomach. This cell produces mucous. 2010-08-25T03:38:51Z FMA:63464 mucous cell of stomach An epithelial cell of the stomach. This cell produces mucous. GOC:tfm A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. 2010-08-25T03:57:08Z FMA:62953 stem cell of gastric gland true A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). 2010-08-30T02:00:42Z FMA:86577 HpSC hepatic stem cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800 true A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). GOC:tfm PMID:26798363 HpSC PMID:18442648 An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree. 2010-09-02T02:09:14Z FMA:66816 epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree An epithelial cell of the tracheobronchial tree. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells. 2010-09-02T02:53:59Z FMA:69060 undifferentiated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree intermediate epitheliocyte An epithelial cell present in the trachea and bronchi; columnar in shape; generally lack cilia; immature forms of ciliated or secretory cells which have been formed from stem cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. 2010-09-07T10:38:03Z FMA:70950 vertebrate lens cell A cell comprising the transparent, biconvex body separating the posterior chamber and vitreous body, and constituting part of the refracting mechanism of the mammalian eye. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. 2010-09-07T10:45:47Z FMA:67559 lens epithelial cell true A cell of the cuboidal epithelium that covers the lens. The cells of the lens epithelium regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens. As ions, nutrients, and liquid enter the lens from the aqueous humor, Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the lens epithelial cells pump ions out of the lens to maintain appropriate lens osmolarity and volume, with equatorially positioned lens epithelium cells contributing most to this current. The activity of the Na+/K+ ATPases keeps water and current flowing through the lens from the poles and exiting through the equatorial regions. The cells of the lens epithelium also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. It constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_%28anatomy%29#Lens_epithelium A fibroblast in the bone marrow. 2010-09-07T02:25:18Z FMA:84377 marrow fibroblast A fibroblast in the bone marrow. GOC:tfm A cell containing at least one nucleus. 2010-09-07T03:32:33Z FMA:67513 nucleate cell A cell containing at least one nucleus. GOC:tfm A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. 2010-09-08T08:53:42Z FMA:70611 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002243 smooth muscle fiber of sphincter of pupil smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil true A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 ISBN:0721694128 A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). 2010-09-07T03:57:09Z BTO:0002669 FMA:86711 MESH:D000072916 PBSC peripheral blood stem cell true A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). GOC:tfm A cell that is found in a zone occupying the bottom region of the crypt; provide the source of most of the cell types of the intestinal epithelium; proliferate by mitotic division; differentiates into columnar or goblet cells. 2010-09-08T09:21:22Z FMA:63379 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002250 stem cell of intestinal crypt of Lieberkuhn intestinal crypt stem cell A cell that is found in a zone occupying the bottom region of the crypt; provide the source of most of the cell types of the intestinal epithelium; proliferate by mitotic division; differentiates into columnar or goblet cells. GOC:tfm ISBN:0517223651 An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. 2010-09-08T09:26:53Z epithelial cell of alimentary canal An epithelial cell of the musculomembranous digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus. GOC:tfm ISBN:0721662544 An epithelial cell of the lining of the esophagus. 2010-09-08T09:28:20Z FMA:63071 epithelial cell of esophagus true An epithelial cell of the lining of the esophagus. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the lining of the large intestine. 2010-09-08T09:28:22Z BTO:0004297 FMA:256157 epithelial cell of colon epithelial cell of large intestine true An epithelial cell of the lining of the large intestine. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the lining of the small intestine. 2010-09-08T09:41:46Z FMA:256159 epithelial cell of small intestine true An epithelial cell of the lining of the small intestine. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. 2010-09-14T10:57:26Z FMA:63134 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002262 endothelial cell of sinusoid An endothelial cell that lines any of the venous cavities through which blood passes in various glands and organs such as the spleen and liver. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. 2010-09-10T10:54:42Z FMA:83411 type A cell of stomach A type of enteroendocrine cell found in the stomach that secretes glucagon. GOC:tfm A D cell located in the colon. 2010-09-10T11:37:35Z FMA:268744 colon D-cell colonic delta cell delta cell of colon type D cell of colon A D cell located in the colon. GOC:tfm A type D cell of the small intestine. 2010-09-10T01:34:22Z FMA:268736 delta cell of small intestine small intestine D-cell small intestine delta cell type D cell of small intestine A type D cell of the small intestine. GOC:tfm A type D cell found in the stomach. 2010-09-10T01:36:03Z FMA:83410 delta cell of stomach stomach D-cell stomach delta cell type D cell of stomach A type D cell found in the stomach. GOC:tfm A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. 2010-09-10T03:30:31Z BTO:0000805 FMA:70588 MESH:D050418 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002275 PP cell of pancreatic islet PP-cell of pancreatic islet pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cell The term PP cell of pancreatic acinus was obsoleted due to a lack of evidence, making PP cell of pancreatic islets synonymous with pancreatic PP cell. pancreatic PP cell A PP cell located in the islets of the pancreas. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of a skin gland. 2010-09-14T12:00:07Z FMA:70657 epithelial cell of gland of skin epithelial cell of skin gland An epithelial cell of a skin gland. GOC:tfm A cell that is part of the nervous system. 2010-09-15T01:34:57Z CALOHA:TS-2040 FMA:70333 neural cell A cell that is part of the nervous system. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. 2010-09-15T03:01:54Z CALOHA:TS-2096 FMA:63875 MESH:D003239 connective tissue cell A cell of the supporting or framework tissue of the body, arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm and including adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 A cell of the embryo. 2010-09-15T03:39:21Z CALOHA:TS-0263 FMA:82840 WBbt:0007028 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002321 embryonic cell (metazoa) A cell of the embryo. FMA:0618947256 An epithelial cell of the bronchus. 2010-09-20T02:00:00Z BTO:0002922 bronchial epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the bronchus. GOC:tfm An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell. 2010-09-20T02:25:25Z neural crest derived adipocyte An adipocyte derived from a neural crest cell. GOC:tfm PMID:17507398 An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. 2010-09-21T04:33:05Z FMA:75621 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002350 endocardial endothelial cell endothelial cell of endocardium endocardial cell An endothelial cell that lines the intracavitary lumen of the heart, separating the circulating blood from the underlying myocardium. This cell type releases a number of vasoactive substances including prostacyclin, nitrous oxide and endothelin. GOC:tfm ISSN:0452-3458 endothelial cell of endocardium FMA:75621 A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. 2010-09-21T04:41:06Z pancreatic endocrine progenitor pancreatic islet progenitor cell progenitor cell of endocrine pancreas A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. GOC:tfm PMID:20025937 PMID:20217494 PMID:22728667 A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. 2010-09-22T09:05:13Z gestational hematopoietic stem cell A hematopoietic stem cell that exists during embryogenesis. GOC:tfm ISBN:978-60327-246-6 A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate. 2010-09-22T01:57:40Z corneal fibroblast corneal keratocyte keratocyte A keratocyte is a specialized fibroblast residing in the cornea stroma that has a flattened, dendritic morphology; located between the lamellae with a large flattened nucleus, and lengthy processes which communicate with neighboring cells. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing its wounds, and synthesizing its components. This cell type secretes collagen I, V, VI, and keratan sulfate. GOC:tfm ISBN:9780702029585 An epithelial cell of the respiratory tract epithelium. These cells have an endodermal origin. 2010-09-23T04:38:49Z BTO:0004533 airway epithelial cell respiratory epithelial cell respiratory tract epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the respiratory tract epithelium. These cells have an endodermal origin. GOC:tfm A transversely striated, multinucleated syncytial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts during muscle development. 2010-09-24T01:13:01Z myofiber myofibril myotube A transversely striated, multinucleated syncytial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts during muscle development. GOC:dos GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 PMID:22274696 myofiber FBbt:00005812 myofibril FBbt:00005812 A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. 2010-10-15T09:24:05Z nucleated reticulocyte true A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. GOC:tfm PMID:18182572 PMID:9011180 PMID:9046052 A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. 2010-12-07T09:37:22Z BTO:0001539 CALOHA:TS-0115 FMA:83808 FMA:84791 heart cell From Onard of the FMA: Cardiac muscle cell or cardiac myocyte is a striated muscle cell. Cardiocyte on the other hand is any cell in the heart which includes cells other than muscle cells (e.g. endothelial cell of endocardium). Unless there is a consensus among anatomists that cardiocytes refer only to muscle cells, we will treat them as a general class of cells in the heart. cardiocyte A cell located in the heart, including both muscle and non muscle cells. GOC:tfm A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc 2010-12-07T04:03:56Z BTO:0002441 FMA:84639 adventitial cell A cell of the adventitial layer of ductal structures such as the uterer, defent duct, biliary duct, etc GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. 2011-01-17T03:39:38Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002504 intestinal smooth muscle cell enteric smooth muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell of the intestine. GOC:tfm An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. 2011-02-21T02:51:22Z subcutaneous fat cell subcutaneous adipocyte true An adipocyte that is part of subcutaneous adipose tissue. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. 2011-02-28T01:20:20Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002538 small bile duct cholangiocyte intrahepatic cholangiocyte true An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes. GOC:tfm PMID:23720296 small bile duct cholangiocyte PMID:23720296 A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. 2011-02-28T01:42:12Z BTO:0004577 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002539 aortic smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell of the aorta. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. 2011-02-28T01:47:47Z mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. 2011-02-28T03:48:11Z FMA:62104 KUPO:0001099 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002543 endothelial cell of vein venous endothelial cell vein endothelial cell true An endothelial cell that is part of the vein. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. 2011-02-28T04:43:41Z fibroblast of the aortic adventitia true A fibroblast of the aortic adventitia. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the heart. 2011-02-28T04:57:44Z cardiac fibroblast fibroblast of cardiac tissue true true A fibroblast that is part of the heart. GOC:tfm Any skin fibroblast that is part of some dermis. 2011-02-28T05:05:33Z fibroblast of dermis true Any skin fibroblast that is part of some dermis. FBC:Autogenerated A fibroblast that is part of lung. 2011-02-28T05:11:03Z BTO:0000764 CALOHA:TS-0575 fibroblast of lung true A fibroblast that is part of lung. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. 2011-02-28T05:22:27Z fibroblast of pulmonary artery true A fibroblast of pulmonary artery. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the lining of the intestine. 2011-03-01T05:18:31Z intestinal epithelial cell An epithelial cell of the lining of the intestine. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. 2011-03-01T09:57:17Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002570 mesenchymal stem cell of adipose mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. 2011-03-01T09:58:51Z hepatic mesenchymal stem cell true A mesenchymal stem cell of liver. GOC:tfm A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. 2011-03-01T10:40:27Z vertebral mesenchymal stem cell true A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae. GOC:tfm A stromal cell of the pancreas. 2011-03-02T02:40:41Z stromal cell of pancreas true A stromal cell of the pancreas. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. 2011-03-06T03:28:27Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002585 retinal blood vessel endothelial cell true A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. 2011-03-06T05:00:58Z smooth muscle cell of the brachiocephalic vasculature A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. GOC:tfm A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. 2011-03-06T05:01:20Z smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature true A vascular associated smooth muscle cell of the brain vasculature. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:28Z BTO:0003336 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002591 smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:52Z smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. GOC:tfm Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. 2011-03-06T05:01:56Z smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery. GOC:tfm Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some bronchus. 2011-03-06T05:46:39Z BTO:0004402 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002598 bronchial smooth muscle cell Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some bronchus. FBC:Autogenerated A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. 2011-03-06T05:48:17Z smooth muscle cell of the esophagus true A smooth muscle cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm A smooth muscle cell of the trachea. 2011-03-06T05:50:28Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002600 smooth muscle cell of trachea A smooth muscle cell of the trachea. GOC:tfm A neuron of the raphe nuclei. 2011-03-06T07:42:06Z raphe nuclei neuron A neuron of the raphe nuclei. GOC:tfm A neuron of the ventral spinal cord. 2011-03-06T07:46:03Z neuron of the ventral spinal cord A neuron of the ventral spinal cord. GOC:tfm A fibroblast of skin. 2011-03-14T12:31:49Z BTO:0001255 CALOHA:TS-0935 skin fibroblast true A fibroblast of skin. GOC:tfm Any epithelial cell that is part of some lower respiratory tract epithelium. 2011-06-21T12:29:31Z epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract Any epithelial cell that is part of some lower respiratory tract epithelium. FBC:Autogenerated A squamous shaped endothelial cell. 2011-07-08T03:31:25Z squamous endothelial cell A squamous shaped endothelial cell. GOC:dos A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. 2011-07-08T03:55:57Z FMA:86548 glandular cell of esophagus true true A glandular epithelial cell of the esophagus. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. 2011-07-08T04:03:01Z FMA:87194 glandular cell of the large intestine true A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. GOC:tfm A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. 2011-07-11T01:20:35Z CALOHA:TS-1284 FMA:86554 glandular cell of stomach glandular epithelial cell of stomach A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. GOC:tfm A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. 2011-07-11T02:45:39Z FMA:83389 myocardial endocrine cell of atrium true A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the atrium. GOC:tfm A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart. 2011-07-11T03:15:38Z cardiovascular progenitor cell CPC Discrepancy in develops from origins prevents me from making the assertion that cardioblasts give rise to all instances of cardiocytes as we state cardiac muscle cells develop from cardiac myoblast, which in turn develop from muscle stem cell. cardioblast A stem cell that can give rise to multiple cell types (i.e. smooth muscle, endothelial) in the developing heart. GOC:tfm PMID:19745164 cardiovascular progenitor cell PMID:17519333 PMID:19745164 CPC PMID:19745164 A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. 2011-08-16T02:38:01Z retinal progenitor cell A multi-fate stem cell that can give rise to different retinal cell types including rod and cone cells. GOC:tfm PMID:20959166 PMID:21148186 A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. 2011-08-22T09:24:15Z neural crest derived neuroblast A neuroblast derived from a neural crest cell. GOC:tfm PMID:17407019 A PP cell found in intestine. 2011-09-27T11:59:01Z PP cell of intestine true A PP cell found in intestine. GOC:tfm PMID:2420136 PMID:728970 A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. Is_a interneuron, part_of UBERON:0002240. spinal cord interneuron true A CNS interneuron located in the spinal cord. CL:CVS A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. somatic motor neuron somatomotor neuron A motor neuron that innervates a skeletal muscle. These motor neurons are all excitatory and cholinergic. ZFIN:CVS Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0005026 hepatoblast https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/800 Multi fate stem cell that gives rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants. The term often refers to fetal precursors of hepatocytes (differently from 'hepatic stem cell', usually applied to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver). Hepatoblasts may also be endogenous, as some stem cells found in the liver come from the bone marrow via blood circulation. GOC:CVS PMID:18356246 PMID:20483998 PMID:26798363 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-6740 Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). 2012-06-15T02:51:27Z scleroblast Needs logical definition. Should be capable_of skeletal system morphogenesis? or skeletal tissue development? needs to be added to GO. NOTES:a cell type of the early embryo (see also: mesenchymal cells) that will give rise to mineralized connective tissue. Scleroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), chondroblasts (cartilage-forming cells), odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). The mesenchymal cells developing into osteoblasts and chondroblasts are derived from the mesoderm. Those developing into odontoblasts are neural crest cells. Those developing into ameloblasts are derived from the ectoderm. (http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=scleroblasts) skeletogenic cell Cell that has the potential to form a skeletal cell type (e.g. cells in periosteum, cells in marrow) and produce extracellular matrix (often mineralized) and skeletal tissue (often mineralized). GO_REF:0000034 scleroblast GO_REF:0000034 Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. 2012-06-27T08:27:35Z premigratory neural crest cell Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration. Note that not all premigratory neural crest cells may become migratory neural crest cells. UBERONREF:0000002 Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. 2012-06-27T10:44:01Z prechondroblast Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a chondroblast; and arises from neural crest, meseosdermal and notochordal and connective tissue cells. GO_REF:0000034 Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. non-striated muscle cell Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. GOC:DOS Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. hematopoietic precursor cell Any hematopoietic cell that is a precursor of some other hematopoietic cell type. GOC:dos A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. MESH:D018485 skeletal muscle fiber A transversely striated, synctial cell of skeletal muscle. It is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. GOC:tfm ISBN:0323052908 A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. visceral muscle cell A muscle cell that is part of some visceral muscle. GOC:dos A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. GOC:dos A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. transversely striated visceral muscle cell A visceral muscle that is transversely striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arthropods. GOC:dos A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. myogenic precursor cell The vast majority of these cells develop from skeletal muscle satellite cells, although there are some reports of other origins. adult skeletal muscle myoblast A skeletal muscle myoblast that is part of a skeletal mucle. These cells are formed following acivation and division of skeletal muscle satellite cells. They form a transient population that is lost when they fuse to form skeletal muscle fibers. PMID:23303905 myogenic precursor cell PMID:23303905 A non-polarised cell precursor cell that is part of some mesenchyme, is associated with the cell matrix but is not connected to other cells and is capable of migration. mesenchyme cell mesenchymal cell A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. endocardial cushion cell A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves. PMID:18816864 An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. pancreatic endocrine cell An endocrine cell that is part of the pancreas. GOC:dos A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter. noradrenergic neuron A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter. GOC:dos Any neuron that is capable of part of some visual perception. 2017-07-09T19:12:36Z visual system neuron Any neuron that is capable of part of some visual perception. FBC:Autogenerated Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. 2020-02-29T17:33:55Z mural cell Mural cells are pericytes and the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) of the microcirculation. Wiki:Mural_cell&oldid=930603194 Any vascular associated smooth muscle cell that is part of some microcirculatory vessel. 2020-02-29T17:37:00Z microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell Any vascular associated smooth muscle cell that is part of some microcirculatory vessel. FBC:Autogenerated A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. spinal sensory neuron sensory neuron of spinal nerve A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord. GOC:nv GOC:pr Any cell in the compound eye, a light sensing organ composed of ommatidia. GOC:pr PMID:12021768 compound eye retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. PMID:10702418 retinal cell Any cell in the retina, the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. GOC:pr An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0009006 small intestine enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of small intestine An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An intestinal stem cell that is located in the large intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the large intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells. crypt stem cell of large intestine stem cell of large intestine crypt of Lieberkuhn intestinal crypt stem cell of large intestine An intestinal stem cell that is located in the large intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the large intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells. PMID:20683682 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 An intestinal stem cell that is located in the small intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the small intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells. crypt stem cell of small intestine https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0009017 stem cell of small intestine crypt of Lieberkuhn intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine An intestinal stem cell that is located in the small intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the small intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells. PMID:20683682 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. stromal cell of lamina propria of large intestine A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the large intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. mesothelial cell of small intestine A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. mesothelial cell of large intestine mesothelial cell of colon A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. stromal cell of colon lamina propria stromal cell of lamina propria of colon A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. colon enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of colon An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the colon. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An intestinal crypt stem cell that is located in the crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0009043 intestinal crypt stem cell of colon An intestinal crypt stem cell that is located in the crypt of Lieberkuhn of colon. PMID:10841502 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum smooth muscle cell smooth muscle cell of anorectum A smooth muscle cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. stromal cell of anorectum lamina propria A stromal cell found in the lamina propria of the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An intestinal crypt stem cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum intestinal crypt stem cell intestinal crypt stem cell of anorectum An intestinal crypt stem cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. anorectum enteroendocrine cell enteroendocrine cell of anorectum An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the anorectum. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. 2021-12-13T14:01:05Z portal endothelial cell EFO:0010704 endothelial cell of hepatic portal vein An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein. PMID:30348985 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1876 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-8865 A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. 2022-02-21T15:39:10Z embryonic skeletal muscle fiber A skeletal muscle fiber found in an embryo. In mammalian embryos, skeletal muscle expresses myosin heavy chain-embryonic (MyHC-emb, encoded by the MYH3 gene), which regulates skeletal muscle development. PMID:32094117 PMID:7196501 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-601X A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. 2022-03-17T12:00:44Z portal fibroblast hepatic portal fibroblast A fibroblast located in the portal triad. Hepatic portal fibroblast are a non-parenchymal cell population located adjacent to bile duct epithelia in liver and are distinct from stellate cells. They differentiate into fibrogenic myofibroblasts during chronic injury states producing high levels of collagen. PMID:20209607 PMID:24814904 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-4833 A stromal cell that is part_of a bone marrow. bone marrow stromal cell stromal cell of bone marrow Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of some heart. cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of some heart. FBC:Autogenerated Any cell that is part of some His-Purkinje system. His-Purkinje system cell Any cell that is part of some His-Purkinje system. FBC:Autogenerated Any endothelial cell that is part of some heart. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0010008 cardiac endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of some heart. FBC:Autogenerated Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye. camera type eye photoreceptor cell camera-type eye photoreceptor cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/2245 Any photoreceptor cell that is part of some camera-type eye. FBC:Autogenerated A zygote in a plant or an animal. MESH:D015053 zygote Any glial cell that is part of some heart. cardiac glial cell Any glial cell that is part of some heart. FBC:Autogenerated Any myoblast that develops into some cardiac muscle cell. MESH:D032386 cardiac myoblast Any myoblast that develops into some cardiac muscle cell. FBC:Autogenerated A neuron that has its soma in the heart. This term is used in 3 GO terms that were created as part of the heart development focus project. cardiac neuron https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/pull/1488 A neuron that has its soma in the heart. PMID:12486170 PMID:29265764 A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. spinal cord motor neuron true A motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. GOC:nv A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. paraxial mesoderm cell somitic mesoderm cell presomitic mesoderm cell paraxial cell A cell in the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites. GOC:NV PMID:11687492 A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0011012 neural crest cell A cell of the neural crest. Neural crest cells are multipotent. Premigratory neural crest cells are found at the neural plate boarder, some of which will undergo ectomesynchymal transition and delamination to form migratory neural crest cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7880 A mesothelial cell that is part of the epicardium. mesothelial cell of epicardium A fibroblast that is part of upper back skin. fibroblast of upper back skin A fibroblast that is part of skin of back. fibroblast of skin of back A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. progenitor cell A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. ISBN:978-1-62808-994-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409503-8.00002-0 Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0011027 skeleton muscle fibroblast skeletal muscle fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of skeletal muscle tissue. PMID:28369879 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-0667 Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. DMEC cell dermal microvascular endothelium cell dermal microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of the dermis. BTO:0004574 CL:patterns/cellPartOfAnatomicalEntity Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. colonic epithelial cell colon epithelial cell Epithelial cell that is part of the colon epithelium. GOC:NV A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. Work is needed on GO 'cell differentiation' before it is clear whether the equivalent class definition 'native cell' that capable_of some 'cell differentiation' works. Also, may want to consider merging this with non-terminally differentiated cell. precursor cell A cell that, by division or terminal differentiation, can give rise to other cell types. GOC:dos Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. 2009-12-22T04:23:25Z eosinophilic acidophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits a characteristic staining and color, red or pink, with Eosin stain. GOC:add Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. 2009-12-22T04:24:54Z basophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits molecular interaction for basic dyes under specific pH conditions. GOC:tfm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. 2009-12-28T04:25:23Z polychromatophilic cytoplasm Cytoplasm that exhibits affinity for both basic and acid stains under specific pH conditions. GOC:tfm Any serous secreting cell that is part of the tracheobronchial epithelium. 2020-05-07T16:03:27Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0019001 serous cell of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial serous cell Any chondrocyte that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. 2020-05-07T17:29:51Z chondrocyte of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial chondrocyte A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. 2020-07-21T12:42:48Z smooth muscle cell of blood vessel blood vessel smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of any blood vessel. PMID:9108778 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. 2020-07-21T12:50:22Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0019019 smooth muscle cell of tracheobronchial tree The marker set ACTA2, TAGLN can identify the Human cell type tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell in the Lung with a confidence of 0.69 (NS-Forest FBeta value). tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the tracheobronchial tree. PMID:10853867 The marker set ACTA2, TAGLN can identify the Human cell type tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell in the Lung with a confidence of 0.69 (NS-Forest FBeta value). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11165918 An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. 2020-09-03T12:24:24Z large bile duct cholangiocyte extrahepatic cholangiocyte An epithelial cell of the extrahepatic bile ducts, including the left and right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. They are columnar in shape, and have a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to small/intrahepatic cholangiocytes. PMID:23720296 large bile duct cholangiocyte PMID:23720296 An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. 2020-09-09T13:56:47Z EFO:0010705 periportal LSEC periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell found in the periportal region hepatic sinusoid, near the portal triad. The fenestrae of these cells are larger but fewer in number compared with those of endothelial cells near the centrilobular region of the hepatic sinusoid. PMID:27423426 periportal LSEC PMID:28287163 periportal hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. 2020-09-10T12:38:29Z EFO:0010706 central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell pericentral LSEC endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell found in the centrilobular region hepatic sinusoid, near the central vein. The fenestrae of these cells are smaller but more numerous compared with those of endothelial cells near the periportal region of the hepatic sinusoid. PMID:27423426 central venous hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 pericentral LSEC PMID:28287163 A specialised neuroendocrine cell located in the gastric mucosa that regulates digestive processes including acid secretion and gut motility. This cell stores hormones in large dense core vesicles and synaptic-like microvesicles. DES cell diffuse endocrine system cell stomach neuroendocrine cell A specialised neuroendocrine cell located in the gastric mucosa that regulates digestive processes including acid secretion and gut motility. This cell stores hormones in large dense core vesicles and synaptic-like microvesicles. PMID:15153415 DES cell PMID:15153415 diffuse endocrine system cell PMID:15153415 A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000223 lung neuroendocrine cell PNEC The marker set CHGA, GRP can identify the Human cell type lung neuroendocrine cell in the Lung with a confidence of 0.94 (NS-Forest FBeta value). pulmonary neuroendocrine cell A neuroendocrine cell that is part of respiratory epithelium of the lung and is involved in the sensory detection of environmental stimuli, including hypoxia, nicotine and air pressure. Ultrastructurally, this cell type is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic dense core granules, which are considered the storage sites of amine and peptide hormones. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are innervated and appear as solitary cells or as clustered masses, localized at airway bifurcation sites, called neuroepithelial bodies that can release serotonin in response to hypoxia and interact with sensory nerve terminals. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells also function as reserve stem cells that repair the surrounding epithelium after injury. PMID:33355253 doi:10.3109/01902148209069653 doi:10.7554/eLife.78216 lung neuroendocrine cell PMID:15018448 PNEC PMID:33355253 The marker set CHGA, GRP can identify the Human cell type lung neuroendocrine cell in the Lung with a confidence of 0.94 (NS-Forest FBeta value). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11165918 Any secretory cell that is part of some lung. lung secretory cell Any secretory cell that is part of some lung. FBC:Autogenerated trophectoderm cell trophectodermal cell A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. FMA:15050 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000275 non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine smooth muscle cell of small intestine true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of small intestine FMA:15050 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. FMA:15058 non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum smooth muscle fiber of duodenum true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of duodenum FMA:15058 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. FMA:15653 non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine smooth muscle cell of large intestine true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the large intestine. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of large intestine FMA:15653 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. FMA:15663 non-striated muscle fiber of colon smooth muscle cell of colon A smooth muscle cell that is part of the colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of colon FMA:15663 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. FMA:17521 non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon smooth muscle cell of sigmoid colon true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the sigmoid colon. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of sigmoid colon FMA:17521 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. FMA:17522 non-striated muscle fiber of rectum smooth muscle fiber of rectum smooth muscle cell of rectum A smooth muscle cell that is part of the rectum. GOC:tfm non-striated muscle fiber of rectum FMA:17522 A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. FMA:261279 fibroblast of areolar connective tissue true A fibroblast that is part of the areolar connective tissue. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. FMA:261285 fibroblast of tunica adventitia of artery A fibroblast that is part of the tunica adventitia of artery. GOC:tfm A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. FMA:261287 fibroblast of dense regular elastic tissue A fibroblast that is part of the dense regular elastic tissue. GOC:tfm An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. FMA:261293 adipocyte of epicardial fat epicardial fat cell epicardial adipocyte An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. GOC:tfm adipocyte of epicardial fat FMA:261293 epicardial fat cell FMA:261293 An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. FMA:261297 epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle epicardial fat cell of right ventricle adipocyte of epicardial fat of right ventricle An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of right ventricle. GOC:tfm epicardial adipocyte of right ventricle FMA:261297 epicardial fat cell of right ventricle FMA:261297 An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. FMA:261300 epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle epicardial fat cell of left ventricle adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat of left ventricle. GOC:tfm epicardial adipocyte of left ventricle FMA:261300 epicardial fat cell of left ventricle FMA:261300 A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. FMA:263078 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000330 serous cell of epithelium of trachea A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. GOC:tfm A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. FMA:263080 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000331 serous cell of epithelium of bronchus A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. FMA:263152 transitional myocyte of interatrial septum true A transitional myocyte that is part of the interatrial septum. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:263154 transitional myocyte of interventricular septum true A transitional myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:263182 Purkinje myocyte of interventricular septum true A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. BTO:000125 FMA:62911 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000398 LSEC endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid liver sinusoidal endothelial cell endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid An endothelial cell that is part of the hepatic sinusoid. These cells possess flattened areas containing perforations about 0.1 micrometers in diameter, known as fenestrae. The fenestrae are arranged in groups known as sieve plates. GOC:tfm PMID:3926620 LSEC PMID:30348985 endotheliocyte of hepatic sinusoid FMA:62911 liver sinusoidal endothelial cell PMID:30348985 A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 SA nodal myocyte SA node cardiac muscle cell sinoatrial node cell sinoatrial node myocyte sinuatrial node myocyte myocyte of sinoatrial node A muscle cell that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:67102 GOC:tfm SA nodal myocyte FMA:67102 SA node cardiac muscle cell GOC:pr sinoatrial node cell GOC:pr sinuatrial node myocyte FMA:67102 A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 AV nodal myocyte AV node cardiac muscle cell AV node cell atrioventricular node cell atrioventricular node myocyte myocyte of atrioventricular node A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:67106 GOC:tfm AV nodal myocyte FMA:67106 AV node cardiac muscle cell GOC:pr AV node cell GOC:pr atrioventricular node cell GOC:pr atrioventricular node myocyte FMA:67106 An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. FMA:67760 KUPO:0001097 endothelial cell of arteriole true An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole. GOC:tfm A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. BTO:0004758 FMA:67761 KUPO:0001095 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000413 arterial endothelial cell endothelial cell of artery A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. GOC:tfm An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. FMA:67762 endothelial cell of venule An endothelial cell that is part of the venule. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. FMA:67780 epithelial cell of gallbladder An epithelial cell that is part of the gallbladder. GOC:tfm A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. FMA:70541 epidermal stem cell stem cell of epidermis true A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. GOC:tfm epidermal stem cell FMA:70541 A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. FMA:70610 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000443 smooth muscle cell of ciliary body ciliary muscle cell true A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ciliary body. GOC:tfm smooth muscle cell of ciliary body FMA:70610 A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. FMA:70615 mesothelial cell of anterior chamber of eye A mesothelial cell that is part of the anterior chamber of eyeball. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. FMA:72142 mesothelial cell of parietal peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal peritoneum. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. FMA:72143 mesothelial cell of visceral peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral peritoneum. GOC:tfm A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. FMA:83384 transitinal myocyte of sinuatrial node transitional myocyte of sinoatrial node true A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinoatrial node. GOC:tfm A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. FMA:83386 Purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular node true A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node. GOC:tfm A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. FMA:83390 myocardial endocrine cell of interventricular septum true A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the interventricular septum. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. FMA:86481 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000488 epithelial cell of bile duct cholangiocyte true An epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. They are cuboidal epithelium in the small interlobular bile ducts, but become columnar and mucus secreting in larger bile ducts approaching the porta hepatis and the extrahepatic ducts. GOC:tfm PMID:16550043 PMID:18356246 A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. FMA:86736 peritoneal mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of peritoneum A mesothelial cell that is part of the peritoneum. GOC:tfm peritoneal mesothelial cell FMA:86736 A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. FMA:86737 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000491 pleural mesothelial cell mesothelial cell of pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. GOC:tfm pleural mesothelial cell FMA:86737 A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. FMA:86738 mesothelial cell of parietal pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the parietal pleura. GOC:tfm A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. FMA:86739 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1000493 mesothelial cell of visceral pleura A mesothelial cell that is part of the visceral pleura. GOC:tfm An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. FMA:70986 exocrine pancreas cell epithelial cell of exocrine pancreas An epithelial cell of the exocrine pancreas. GOC:tfm The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_1001516 intestinal enteroendocrine cell The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the intestinal tract. MP:0010802 The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the stomach. stomach enteroendocrine cell The various hormone- or neurotransmitter-secreting cells present throughout the mucosa of the stomach. MP:0010803 Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some lung. endothelial cell of lung pulmonary vessel endothelial cell lung endothelial cell Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some lung. FBC:Autogenerated Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some pulmonary artery. BTO:0001141 PAEC cell pulmonary artery endothelial cell Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some pulmonary artery. FBC:Autogenerated PAEC cell BTO:0001141 A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. CALOHA:TS-2397 colon endothelial cells colonic endothelial cell colon endothelial cell A vascular endothelial cell found in colon blood vessels. NPX:PDR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 colon endothelial cells CALOHA:TS-2397 colonic endothelial cell CALOHA:TS-2397 Squamous cell of oral epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1252 oral cavity mucosa squamous cell oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells oral mucosa squamous cell Squamous cell of oral epithelium. NPX:PDR oral cavity mucosa squamous cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral cavity mucosa squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous epithelial cell CALOHA:TS-1252 oral mucosa squamous epithelial cells CALOHA:TS-1252 Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1274 colon glandular cells colon glandular cell Glandular cell of colon epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR colon glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1274 Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. CALOHA:TS-1275 duodenum glandular cells duodenum secretory cell Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. NPX:PDR duodenum glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1275 Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. CALOHA:TS-1278 gall bladder glandular cell gall bladder glandular cells gallbladder glandular cells gallbladder glandular cell Glandular cell of gallbladder epithelium. NPX:PDR gall bladder glandular cell FMA:7202 gall bladder glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1278 gallbladder glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1278 Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. CALOHA:TS-1281 rectal glandular cell rectum glandular cells rectum glandular cell Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. NPX:PDR rectal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1281 rectum glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1281 A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . CALOHA:TS-1286 FMA:86928 small intestinal glandular cell small bowel glandular cell small intestine glandular cells small intestine secretory cell A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . NCI_Thesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Glandular_Cell NPX:PDR small intestinal glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1286 small bowel glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1286 small intestine glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1286 Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. BTO:0000028 CALOHA:TS-1242 exocrine pancreas glandular cell pancreas exocrine glandular cells pancreas exocrine glandular cell Glandular cell of exocrine pancreas epithelium. Example: pancreatic acinar cell, glandular cells in pancreatic canaliculi, glandular cells in pancreatic ducts. HPA:HPA NPX:PDR exocrine pancreas glandular cell CALOHA:TS-1242 pancreas exocrine glandular cells CALOHA:TS-1242 Fibroblast from muscle organ. CALOHA:TS-0643 muscle fibroblast Fibroblast from muscle organ. NPX:PDR Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. CALOHA:TS-2109 bone marrow hematopoietic cells bone marrow poietic cells bone marrow hematopoietic cell Hematopoietic cells resident in the bone marrow. Include: hematopoietic stem cells (lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells) and the precursor cells for thrombocytes, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. NPX:PDR bone marrow hematopoietic cells CALOHA:TS-2109 bone marrow poietic cells CALOHA:TS-2109 An epithelial cell that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules. 2024-07-21T09:24:44Z secretory epithelial cell An epithelial cell that is specialised for the synthesis and secretion of specific biomolecules. Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. 2014-06-04T15:07:42Z CL:2000008 microvascular endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. 2014-06-04T15:12:06Z CL:2000010 dermis blood vessel endothelial cell Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a dermis. GOC:TermGenie Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. 2014-06-04T15:18:16Z CL:2000013 fibroblast of skin of abdomen Any skin fibroblast that is part of a skin of abdomen. GOC:TermGenie Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. 2014-06-04T16:00:56Z CL:2000016 lung microvascular endothelial cell Any lung endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. GOC:TermGenie Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye. 2014-06-24T23:16:45Z CL:2000019 compound eye photoreceptor cell Any photoreceptor cell that is part of a compound eye. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. 2014-06-24T23:16:53Z CL:2000020 inner cell mass cell Any native cell that is part of a inner cell mass. GOC:TermGenie Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. 2014-06-24T23:17:07Z CL:2000022 cardiac septum cell Any native cell that is part of a cardiac septum. GOC:TermGenie Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. 2014-06-25T01:17:43Z CL:2000029 central nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. GOC:TermGenie A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. 2014-06-25T02:28:17Z FMA:84664 PNS neuron peripheral neuron CL:2000032 peripheral nervous system neuron A neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. GOC:TermGenie ISBN:0721662544 Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. 2014-07-09T00:12:00Z CL:2000042 embryonic fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. 2014-07-09T00:24:53Z CL:2000044 brain microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a brain. GOC:TermGenie Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. 2014-08-12T20:50:28Z https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_2000046 CL:2000046 ventricular cardiac muscle cell Any cardiac muscle cell that is part of a cardiac ventricle. GOC:TermGenie Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. 2014-10-02T23:52:53Z CL:2000047 brainstem motor neuron Any motor neuron that is part of a brainstem. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. 2014-10-06T18:58:47Z CL:2000051 splenic fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. 2014-10-06T19:06:04Z CL:2000053 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5500 splenic endothelial cell Any endothelial cell that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. 2014-10-07T17:57:42Z CL:2000063 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7330 ovarian fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a female gonad. GOC:TermGenie Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. 2014-10-07T17:59:13Z CL:2000064 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7310 ovarian surface epithelial cell Any epithelial cell that is part of a female gonad. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. 2014-10-07T18:35:38Z CL:2000066 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6310 cardiac ventricle fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac ventricle. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. 2014-10-07T18:36:54Z CL:2000067 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6320 cardiac atrium fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a cardiac atrium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. 2014-10-07T18:38:06Z CL:2000068 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6430 pericardium fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a pericardium. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. 2014-10-07T18:41:43Z CL:2000069 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=5430 gallbladder fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a gallbladder. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. 2014-10-07T18:50:43Z CL:2000070 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=6620 optic choroid fibroblast Any fibroblast that is part of a optic choroid. GOC:TermGenie Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. 2014-10-07T22:13:45Z CL:2000072 http://www.sciencellonline.com/site/productInformation.php?keyword=7200 adipose microvascular endothelial cell Any microvascular endothelial cell that is part of a adipose tissue. GOC:TermGenie Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. 2014-11-05T01:18:43Z cardiac neural crest cell CL:2000073 migratory cardiac neural crest cell Any migratory neural crest cell that is part of a cardiac neural crest. GOC:TermGenie cardiac neural crest cell PMID:33060096 Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. 2014-11-05T01:26:50Z CL:2000074 Splenocytes is a vague term that refers to any one of the different white blood cell types in the spleen. This name is seen many references as such and is not explained further, necessitating a need for this terminology. splenocyte Any leukocyte that is part of a spleen. GOC:TermGenie Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. 2014-12-02T19:10:34Z mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose CL:2000080 mesenchymal stem cell of abdominal adipose tissue Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. GOC:TermGenie Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus. 2015-03-31T21:16:22Z CL:2000093 bronchus fibroblast of lung Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus. GOC:TermGenie A neuron type that is located in a peripheral nervous system and it transmits sensory information from the peripheral (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS). A sensory neuron converts physical (light, sound, touch) or chemical (such as taste and smell) stimuli into an electrical signal through a process known as sensory transduction. The function of a sensory neuron is to carry informations from the external environment and internal body conditions to the central nervous system for further processing. 2019-02-25T19:34:33Z CL:3000004 Typically, a sensory neuron has a pseudounipolar morphology. peripheral sensory neuron A neuron type that is located in a peripheral nervous system and it transmits sensory information from the peripheral (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS). A sensory neuron converts physical (light, sound, touch) or chemical (such as taste and smell) stimuli into an electrical signal through a process known as sensory transduction. The function of a sensory neuron is to carry informations from the external environment and internal body conditions to the central nervous system for further processing. GOC:CellBLAST PMID:30096314 PMID:31554486 PMID:35858549 Wikipedia:Sensory_neuron https://www.britannica.com/science/sensory-neuron https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539846/ Typically, a sensory neuron has a pseudounipolar morphology. Wikipedia:Sensory_neuron A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. brain vascular cell A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. midbrain-derived inhibitory neuron A GABAergic inhibitory neuron that is derived from the midbrain. DOI:10.1101/2022.10.12.511898 A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. somatosensory neuron A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. PMID:22865660 Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of a lung. 2021-11-23T02:31:40Z lung capillary endothelial cell pulmonary capillary endothelial cell A(n) neuroendocrine cell that is part of a(n) epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn. neuroendocrine cell of epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn A(n) neuroendocrine cell that is part of a(n) epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn. PMID:31390635 A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland. The marker set PRR4, C6orf58 can identify the Human cell type serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland in the Lung with a confidence of 0.75 (NS-Forest FBeta value). serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland. PMID:5487122 PMID:9651178 The marker set PRR4, C6orf58 can identify the Human cell type serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland in the Lung with a confidence of 0.75 (NS-Forest FBeta value). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11165918 A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. vein endothelial cell of respiratory system A(n) vein endothelial cell that is part of a(n) respiratory system. PMID:34030460 A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. 2023-03-16T11:31:23Z lung resident megakaryocyte lung-resident megakaryocyte MKL lung MKs lung megakaryocyte A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. PMID:33351116 lung resident megakaryocyte PMID:36524131 lung-resident megakaryocyte PMID:36524131 MKL PMID:36524131 lung MKs PMID:33351116 A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea. 2023-03-16T13:03:13Z tracheal submucosal gland mucous cell mucus secreting cell of trachea gland A mucus secreting cell that is part of a submucosal gland of the trachea. PMID:18931053 PMID:29656943 tracheal submucosal gland mucous cell PMID:18931053 A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the bronchus. 2023-03-16T15:12:52Z bronchial gland mucous cell The marker set BPIFB2 can identify the Human cell type mucus secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland in the Lung with a confidence of 0.93 (NS-Forest FBeta value). mucus secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the bronchus. PMID:19965983 bronchial gland mucous cell PMID:5487122 The marker set BPIFB2 can identify the Human cell type mucus secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland in the Lung with a confidence of 0.93 (NS-Forest FBeta value). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11165918 A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree. 2023-04-20T10:55:50Z mucus secreting cell of tracheobronchial tree submucosal gland A mucus secreting cell of a submucosal gland of the tracheobronchial tree. PMID:30864819 A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. 2023-05-18T12:07:45Z Frequently used when describing the developing nervous system in zebrafish. A catecholaminergic neuron expresses tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PEMT), which are enzymes necessary for catecholamine synthesis. catecholaminergic neuron A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. ISBN:0521442516 PMID:12094209 Frequently used when describing the developing nervous system in zebrafish. A catecholaminergic neuron expresses tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine b-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PEMT), which are enzymes necessary for catecholamine synthesis. PMID:10191060 PMID:12128258 PMID:34880760 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-7917 A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics. 2023-08-22T13:40:28Z perivascular cell A cell that is adjacent to a vessel. A perivascular cell plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular function and tissue homeostasis. This cell type regulates vessel integrity and flow dynamics. PMID:24928499 PMID:27889329 An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver. endothelial cell of central vein endothelial cell of central vein of liver An endothelial cell that is part of a central vein of liver. PMID:28287163 endothelial cell of central vein PMID:28287163 A stem cell that is part of the corneo-scleral limbus. This cell type resides at the basal layer of the epithelium and has a small size and high nuclear to cytoplasmatic ratio (Secker and Daniels, 2009). A limbal stem cell is responsible for corneal epithelial renewal and repair (Li et al., 2023), and to help maintain a clear corneal surface by preventing conjunctival epithelial cells from migrating onto the cornea (Wang et al., 2023). 2024-12-11T13:59:19Z limbal epithelial stem cell limbal stem cell LESC LSC limbal epithelial stem cell of cornea A stem cell that is part of the corneo-scleral limbus. This cell type resides at the basal layer of the epithelium and has a small size and high nuclear to cytoplasmatic ratio (Secker and Daniels, 2009). A limbal stem cell is responsible for corneal epithelial renewal and repair (Li et al., 2023), and to help maintain a clear corneal surface by preventing conjunctival epithelial cells from migrating onto the cornea (Wang et al., 2023). PMID:20614614 PMID:29105366 PMID:36983561 PMID:37768272 limbal epithelial stem cell PMID:20614614 limbal stem cell PMID:17562792 LESC PMID:20614614 LSC PMID:36983561 Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. 2023-09-18T10:43:00Z OAMSC Orbital ASCs orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stem cell of orbital adipose tissue Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. OAMSC PMID:31377878 Orbital ASCs PMID:30210548 orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell PMID:31377878 A fibroblast located in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. This cell expresses PDGFRα and CD81 and is negative for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). This cell is predominantly located in the small intestine adjacent to myofibroblasts surrounding the crypts. It is capable of synthesizing extracellular matrix components and structural proteins such as collagen and elastin. 2024-09-24T15:45:18Z S1 fibroblast intestinal lamina propria fibroblast A fibroblast located in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. This cell expresses PDGFRα and CD81 and is negative for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). This cell is predominantly located in the small intestine adjacent to myofibroblasts surrounding the crypts. It is capable of synthesizing extracellular matrix components and structural proteins such as collagen and elastin. PMID:21252048 PMID:36032088 S1 fibroblast PMID:30270042 Any type G enteroendocrine cell that is part of some epithelium of stomach. 2024-10-24T10:43:22Z type G cell of stomach Any type G enteroendocrine cell that is part of some epithelium of stomach. FBC:Autogenerated A multinucleate cell formed by the fusion of multiple uninuclear cells through plasma membrane fusion. This process leads to a single large cell containing multiple nuclei within a shared cytoplasm. 2024-08-15T10:38:46Z syncytium SC syncytial cell A multinucleate cell formed by the fusion of multiple uninuclear cells through plasma membrane fusion. This process leads to a single large cell containing multiple nuclei within a shared cytoplasm. PMID:20851884 Wikipedia:Syncytium syncytium WBbt:0008074 SC PMID:9067520 A capillary endothelial cell that is part of the intestinal villus. This cell is highly fenestrated, with fenestrations most numerous at the villus tips, and plays a vital role in nutrient absorption and maintaining the selective permeability of the intestinal barrier. 2024-09-17T10:03:25Z villus blood capillary endothelial cells villus tip endothelial cell intestinal villus capillary endothelial cell A capillary endothelial cell that is part of the intestinal villus. This cell is highly fenestrated, with fenestrations most numerous at the villus tips, and plays a vital role in nutrient absorption and maintaining the selective permeability of the intestinal barrier. PMID:18480313 PMID:35810168 PMID:38051275 villus blood capillary endothelial cells PMID:35810168 villus tip endothelial cell PMID:38051275 An epithelial cell that is part of the crypt of Lieberkuhn, originating from intestinal stem cells and giving rise to enteroendocrine cells (EECs). In mouse and human, this cell can be characterized by the expression of Neurog3, and has the ability to proliferate and differentiate into multiple EEC subtypes. Its proliferative potential contributes to crypt growth, distinguishing it from fully differentiated EECs. 2024-09-20T12:13:26Z EEC Progenitor The EEC progenitor is also present in other organisms; for example, flies have EEC progenitors but lack intestinal crypts and do not express the same markers. Instead, they are Dl+ and Pros+. intestinal enteroendocrine progenitor An epithelial cell that is part of the crypt of Lieberkuhn, originating from intestinal stem cells and giving rise to enteroendocrine cells (EECs). In mouse and human, this cell can be characterized by the expression of Neurog3, and has the ability to proliferate and differentiate into multiple EEC subtypes. Its proliferative potential contributes to crypt growth, distinguishing it from fully differentiated EECs. PMID:31756561 PMID:32531023 PMID:35913117 PMID:38260422 doi:/10.1038/s41467-021-27901-5 EEC Progenitor PMID:31756561 The EEC progenitor is also present in other organisms; for example, flies have EEC progenitors but lack intestinal crypts and do not express the same markers. Instead, they are Dl+ and Pros+. PMID:25670791 A capillary endothelial cell that is part of islet of Langerhans, characterized by a high density of fenestrations —approximately ten times greater than those in exocrine pancreatic capillaries. These fenestrations facilitate efficient hormone exchange, which is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. The cell's structure and function are regulated by the local production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), which maintains its fenestrated architecture. 2024-09-30T14:36:12Z islet endothelial cell pancreatic islet endothelial cell pancreatic islet capillary endothelial cell A capillary endothelial cell that is part of islet of Langerhans, characterized by a high density of fenestrations —approximately ten times greater than those in exocrine pancreatic capillaries. These fenestrations facilitate efficient hormone exchange, which is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. The cell's structure and function are regulated by the local production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), which maintains its fenestrated architecture. PMID:16607697 PMID:27124642 PMID:28396983 PMID:33200981 islet endothelial cell PMID:16607697 PMID:28396983 pancreatic islet endothelial cell PMID:16607697 Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of an endocrine gland. 2024-09-30T15:27:49Z endocrine gland capillary endothelial cell Any capillary endothelial cell that is part of an endocrine gland. PMID:18480313 A fibroblast of the adventitia of a blood vessel. This cell contributes to vascular homeostasis, remodeling, and inflammation by producing extracellular matrix components, cytokines, and growth factors. Adventitial fibroblast can transition into an activated state during injury or disease, marked by increased proliferation, migration, matrix deposition, and contractile protein expression 2024-12-05T11:01:15Z Single-cell transcriptomics of murine aorta identifies two adventitial fibroblast-specific markers, PDGFRA and DPEP1, which were validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry across human and murine arteries, highlighting fibroblast heterogeneity in health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans and mice. adventitial fibroblast A fibroblast of the adventitia of a blood vessel. This cell contributes to vascular homeostasis, remodeling, and inflammation by producing extracellular matrix components, cytokines, and growth factors. Adventitial fibroblast can transition into an activated state during injury or disease, marked by increased proliferation, migration, matrix deposition, and contractile protein expression PMID:28705796 PMID:36718802 Single-cell transcriptomics of murine aorta identifies two adventitial fibroblast-specific markers, PDGFRA and DPEP1, which were validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry across human and murine arteries, highlighting fibroblast heterogeneity in health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans and mice. PMID:36718802 A material entity consisting of exactly one atomic nucleus and the electron(s) orbiting it. This atom is closely related to ChEBI's atom, but not exactly equivalent to. atom A material entity that consists of two or more atoms that are all connected via covalent bonds such that any atom can be transitively connected with any other atom. This molecular entity is different than ChEBI's 'molecular entity'. We would like to have cardinality restrictions on the logic, but there are some technical limitations. molecule A part of a multicellular organism that is a collection of cell components that are not all contained in one cell. gross anatomical part A material entity that is a maximal functionally integrated unit that develops from a program encoded in a genome 'Maximal functionally integrated unit' is intended to express unity, which Barry considers synonymous with BFO 'object'. Includes virus - we will later have a class for cellular organisms. organism A material entity processed by human activity with an intent to produce it. In the COB 2024 workshop there was much disagreement about this label. processed material entity completely executed planned process A complex of two or more molecular entities that are not covalently bound. complex of molecules A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification. planned process A planned process that intends to output material entities from input material entities material processing A processed material entity which is designed to be capable of a process. device A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract. ICD9CM:478.19 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:195823002 UMLS_CUI:C0029581 disease_ontology DOID:0050161 lower respiratory tract disease A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lower_respiratory_tract A heart disease and a myopathy that is characterized by deterioration of the function of the heart muscle. lschriml 2012-01-03T02:54:11Z ICD10CM:I42 ICD9CM:425 ICD9CM:425.9 MESH:D009202 NCI:C34830 NCI:C53654 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266301006 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:89461002 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:89600009 UMLS_CUI:C0033141 UMLS_CUI:C0036529 UMLS_CUI:C0878544 Cardiomyopathies disease_ontology DOID:0050700 MESH:D009202 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK]. cardiomyopathy A heart disease and a myopathy that is characterized by deterioration of the function of the heart muscle. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy url:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/ A glomerulonephritis that is characterized by hardening of the glomerulus in the kidney. lschriml 2014-04-15T03:40:31Z disease_ontology DOID:0050851 glomerulosclerosis A glomerulonephritis that is characterized by hardening of the glomerulus in the kidney. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulosclerosis An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. lschriml 2014-10-06T14:36:37Z DOID:0060105 DOID:168 DOID:3858 DOID:4981 GARD:7005 ICDO:9470/3 MESH:D008527 MESH:D018242 NCI:C27294 NCI:C3222 NCI:C3716 OMIM:155255 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:189925001 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:443333004 UMLS_CUI:C0025149 UMLS_CUI:C0206663 UMLS_CUI:C1334410 CNS PNET CPNET brain medulloblastoma infratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor localized primitive neuroectodermal tumor disease_ontology DOID:0050902 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. medulloblastoma An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45780 url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306779/ A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. disease_ontology DOID:0060037 developmental disorder of mental health A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorders A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs. DOID:1033 DOID:353 ICD10CM:C85.9 ICDO:9590/3 MESH:D008223 NCI:C3208 NCI:C7065 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:118600007 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:414628006 UMLS_CUI:C0024299 UMLS_CUI:C0598798 lymphoid cancer disease_ontology DOID:0060058 lymphoma A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoma url:http://www.lymphoma.org/site/pp.asp?c=bkLTKaOQLmK8E&b=6300161 url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer. lschriml 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z disease_ontology DOID:0060071 pre-malignant neoplasm A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize. lschriml 2011-05-11T12:18:41Z disease_ontology DOID:0060072 benign neoplasm A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_neoplasm url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/benigntumors.html An eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the transparent surface of the eye that assists in light refraction. DOID:2284 ICD10CM:H18.9 ICD9CM:371.9 MESH:D003316 NCI:C26731 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:15250008 UMLS_CUI:C0010034 disease_ontology DOID:10124 corneal disease An eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the transparent surface of the eye that assists in light refraction. url:https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C26731 A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system. ICD9CM:426.6 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:195053008 UMLS_CUI:C0029630 heart rhythm disease disease_ontology DOID:10273 heart conduction disease A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduction_system_of_the_heart A prostate cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. EFO:0001663 KEGG:05215 NCI:C4863 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:254900004 UMLS_CUI:C0600139 cancer of prostate carcinoma of prostate disease_ontology DOID:10286 prostate carcinoma A prostate cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoma A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. DOID:10747 ICD10CM:C91 ICD9CM:204 ICDO:9820/3 MESH:D007945 NCI:C7539 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93170002 UMLS_CUI:C0023448 lymphoblastic leukaemia lymphoblastic leukemia lymphocytic leukaemia disease_ontology DOID:1037 lymphoid leukemia A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=616067 A lymphocytic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood. EFO:0000095 GARD:6104 ICD10CM:C91.10 ICD9CM:204.1 MESH:D015451 NCI:C3163 OMIM:109543 OMIM:151400 OMIM:609630 OMIM:612557 OMIM:612558 OMIM:612559 ORDO:67038 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:51092000 UMLS_CUI:C0023434 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL chronic lymphatic leukaemia chronic lymphatic leukemia chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphoplasmacytic leukaemia lymphoplasmacytic leukemia disease_ontology B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia DOID:1040 Xref MGI. chronic lymphocytic leukemia A lymphocytic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=346545 A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the stomach. DOID:10539 DOID:10542 DOID:10543 DOID:4713 GARD:7704 ICD10CM:C16 ICD10CM:C16.2 ICD10CM:C16.5 ICD10CM:C16.6 ICD9CM:151 ICD9CM:151.4 ICD9CM:151.5 ICD9CM:151.6 MESH:D013274 NCI:C3387 NCI:C9331 OMIM:613659 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126824007 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269459004 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269460009 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93717002 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:94074003 UMLS_CUI:C0024623 UMLS_CUI:C0038356 UMLS_CUI:C0153421 UMLS_CUI:C0153422 UMLS_CUI:C0153423 gastric cancer gastric neoplasm disease_ontology DOID:10534 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. stomach cancer A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the stomach. url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/stomach-esophagealcancer url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. EFO:0000249 GARD:10254 ICD10CM:G30 ICD9CM:331.0 KEGG:05010 MESH:D000544 NCI:C2866 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:73768007 UMLS_CUI:C0002395 Alzheimer disease Alzheimers dementia disease_ontology DOID:10652 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Alzheimer's disease A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/alzheimer%27s%20disease url:http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet ls:IEDB An urinary system cancer that results_in malignant growth located_in the urinary bladder. DOID:5428 GARD:12210 ICD10CM:C67 ICD9CM:188 KEGG:05219 MESH:D001749 NCI:C2901 NCI:C9334 OMIM:109800 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126885006 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:363455001 UMLS_CUI:C0005684 UMLS_CUI:C0005695 bladder cancer tumor of the bladder disease_ontology DOID:11054 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. urinary bladder cancer An urinary system cancer that results_in malignant growth located_in the urinary bladder. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancer A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm. DOID:3936 ICD10CM:C49 ICD9CM:171.9 ICDO:8800/3 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93765001 UMLS_CUI:C0153519 connective and soft tissue neoplasm tumor of soft tissue and skeleton disease_ontology DOID:1115 sarcoma A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm. url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/Sarcoma url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoma url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45562 A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. ICD10CM:I51.9 ICD9CM:429.9 MESH:D006331 NCI:C3079 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:194707003 UMLS_CUI:C0018799 disease_ontology DOID:114 heart disease A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage. DOID:1175 DOID:12322 MESH:D001982 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:41427001 UMLS_CUI:C0006261 disease_ontology DOID:1176 bronchial disease A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage. url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11685087 A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. DOID:9145 ICD10CM:C95.90 ICD9CM:208 ICDO:9800/3 MESH:D007938 NCI:C3161 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:255049003 UMLS_CUI:C0023418 disease_ontology DOID:1240 leukemia A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=45343 A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by abnormal blood clotting or bleeding. DOID:13997 DOID:2212 DOID:9474 ICD10CM:D68.9 ICD9CM:286 MESH:D001778 NCI:C2902 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:64779008 UMLS_CUI:C0005779 coagulation protein disease postpartum coagulation defect postpartum coagulation defect with delivery inherited blood coagulation disease disease_ontology DOID:1247 blood coagulation disease A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by abnormal blood clotting or bleeding. url:https://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Coagulation-System-Disorders.aspx A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. DOID:73 ICD9CM:429.2 MESH:D002318 NCI:C2931 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266275004 UMLS_CUI:C0007222 disease of subdivision of hemolymphoid system disease_ontology DOID:1287 cardiovascular system disease A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_system A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. ICD9CM:290.8 UMLS_CUI:C0154319 disease_ontology DOID:1307 dementia A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000739.htm A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. DOID:2125 DOID:2126 DOID:3543 DOID:6649 DOID:911 ICD10CM:C71 ICD9CM:191 ICD9CM:239.6 MESH:D001932 NCI:C170814 NCI:C2907 NCI:C3568 NCI:C5115 NCI:C7710 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126952004 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:428061005 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93727008 UMLS_CUI:C0006118 UMLS_CUI:C0153633 UMLS_CUI:C0220624 UMLS_CUI:C0750974 UMLS_CUI:C0750979 UMLS_CUI:C1334557 BT - Brain tumour adult brain tumor adult malignant brain neoplasm brain neoplasm brain neoplasm, adult malignant brain tumour malignant primary brain neoplasm malignant primary brain tumor malignant tumor of Brain malignant tumor of adult brain neoplasm of brain primary brain neoplasm primary brain tumor primary malignant neoplasm of brain tumor of the Brain disease_ontology DOID:1319 brain cancer A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=387264 A brain disease that is characterized by loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons and loss of brain tissue. GARD:6019 ICD9CM:331.9 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:52522001 UMLS_CUI:C0154671 Brain degeneration disease_ontology DOID:1443 cerebral degeneration A brain disease that is characterized by loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons and loss of brain tissue. url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. neoplasm DOID:0000818 cell process disease neoplasm disease_ontology DOID:14566 disease of cellular proliferation A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_proliferation A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. ICD10CM:F99 MESH:D001523 NCI:C2893 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:74732009 UMLS_CUI:C0004936 disease_ontology DOID:150 disease of mental health A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. ICD9CM:301.8 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:191770003 UMLS_CUI:C0029707 character disorder disease_ontology DOID:1510 personality disorder A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/personalitydisorders.html A thoracic disease which may involve inflammation of pleura, collection of air within the pleural cavity, abnormal collection of pleural fluid, abnormal growths on the pleura (pleural tumor) and pleural plaques. The main causes of pleural diseases including pleural effusions are congestive heart failure, malignancy, parapneumonic infections and pulmonary embolism. DOID:1531 MESH:D010995 NCI:C26859 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:88075009 UMLS_CUI:C0032226 disorder of pleura non-neoplastic pleural disease disease_ontology DOID:1532 pleural disease A thoracic disease which may involve inflammation of pleura, collection of air within the pleural cavity, abnormal collection of pleural fluid, abnormal growths on the pleura (pleural tumor) and pleural plaques. The main causes of pleural diseases including pleural effusions are congestive heart failure, malignancy, parapneumonic infections and pulmonary embolism. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_disease A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. ICD10CM:F09 MESH:D019965 NCI:C34870 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:111479008 UMLS_CUI:C0029227 cognitive disease disease_ontology Organic Mental disorder DOID:1561 cognitive disorder A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. DOID:3226 ICD10CM:J98 ICD9CM:519 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:155603009 UMLS_CUI:C0029582 disease_ontology DOID:1579 respiratory system disease A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Respiratory_system_complete_en.svg url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=respiratory%20system A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. DOID:1648 DOID:4241 ICD10CM:C50 MESH:D001943 NCI:C9335 OMIM:114480 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:254837009 UMLS_CUI:C0006142 breast tumor malignant neoplasm of breast malignant tumor of the breast mammary cancer mammary tumor primary breast cancer disease_ontology mammary neoplasm DOID:1612 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. breast cancer A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammary url:http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/breastcancer.html A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. ICD10CM:C80.1 ICD9CM:199 ICDO:8000/3 MESH:D009369 NCI:C9305 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269513004 UMLS_CUI:C0006826 malignant neoplasm malignant tumor primary cancer disease_ontology DOID:162 Updating out dated UMLS CUI. cancer A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cancer url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=cancer A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. DOID:0000405 DOID:2403 DOID:2869 DOID:324 DOID:325 DOID:45 ICD10CM:I72.9 ICD9CM:442.9 MESH:D000783 MESH:D014652 MESH:D020758 MESH:D020760 NCI:C26693 NCI:C35117 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:27550009 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:371029002 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:432119003 UMLS_CUI:C0002940 UMLS_CUI:C0042373 UMLS_CUI:C0752127 UMLS_CUI:C0752130 vascular tissue disease disease_ontology DOID:178 vascular disease A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_disease A pericardium disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pericardium and has_symptom chest pain. MESH:D010493 NCI:C34915 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:3238004 UMLS_CUI:C0031046 disease_ontology DOID:1787 pericarditis A pericardium disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pericardium and has_symptom chest pain. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericarditis A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye. EFO:0000756 ICDO:8720/3 KEGG:05218 MESH:D008545 NCI:C3224 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:2092003 UMLS_CUI:C0025202 Naevocarcinoma malignant melanoma disease_ontology DOID:1909 melanoma MESH:D008545 A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22123420 EFO:0003914 ICD10CM:I70 ICD9CM:440 MESH:D050197 NCI:C35768 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:155414001 UMLS_CUI:C0004153 disease_ontology DOID:1936 atherosclerosis MESH:D050197 A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. DOID:12884 ICD10CM:F41.9 MESH:D001008 NCI:C2878 OMIM:607834 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:65673007 UMLS_CUI:C0003469 anxiety anxiety state disease_ontology DOID:2030 anxiety disorder A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. url:http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. DOID:0060070 DOID:2144 DOID:9595 GARD:7295 ICD10CM:C56 ICD9CM:183.0 MESH:D010051 NCI:C4984 NCI:C7431 OMIM:167000 OMIM:607893 ORDO:213500 ORDO:213517 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:123843001 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:372117006 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93934004 UMLS_CUI:C0919267 UMLS_CUI:C1140680 UMLS_CUI:C1299247 malignant Ovarian tumor malignant tumour of ovary ovarian neoplasm ovary neoplasm primary ovarian cancer tumor of the Ovary disease_ontology DOID:2394 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. ovarian cancer A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary. url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=445074 MESH:D007499 NCI:C34737 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:85478004 UMLS_CUI:C0022078 disease_ontology DOID:240 iris disease A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. EFO:0000677 ICD9CM:298.8 UMLS_CUI:C0029516 mental or behavioural disorder disease_ontology DOID:2468 psychotic disorder A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/psychoticdisorders.html A skin carcinoma affecting basal cells. DOID:4275 DOID:4276 EFO:0004193 ICDO:8090/3 KEGG:05217 MESH:D018295 NCI:C156767 NCI:C3784 NCI:C7586 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:127570002 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:154507009 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:252995000 UMLS_CUI:C0007117 UMLS_CUI:C0206710 UMLS_CUI:C1368295 Basal cell cancer Basal cell carcinoma of skin Basal cell neoplasm Basal cell tumor Epithelioma basal cell Rodent ulcer malignant Basal cell neoplasm malignant basal cell tumor disease_ontology DOID:2513 Xref MGI. basal cell carcinoma A skin carcinoma affecting basal cells. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal-cell_carcinoma An organ system cancer located in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. DOID:1034 DOID:2532 MESH:D019337 NCI:C27134 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:414388001 UMLS_CUI:C0376544 Hematologic malignancy Hematologic neoplasm Hematological tumors blood cancer hematopoietic and lymphoid system tumor hematopoietic cancer hematopoietic neoplasm hematopoietic tumors malignant hematopoietic neoplasm disease_ontology DOID:2531 hematologic cancer An organ system cancer located in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_cancer url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/?CdrID=45708 A brain disease that is characterized by damage to brain substance located_in cerebellum; has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dysarthria, and has_symptom cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. MESH:D002526 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:267691001 UMLS_CUI:C0007760 disease_ontology DOID:2786 cerebellar disease A brain disease that is characterized by damage to brain substance located_in cerebellum; has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dysarthria, and has_symptom cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15377747 A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. ICD10CM:E34.9 ICD9CM:259.9 MESH:D004700 NCI:C3009 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:67432001 UMLS_CUI:C0014130 disease_ontology DOID:28 endocrine system disease A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system A nephritis that causes inflammation of the glomeruli located_in kidney. GARD:6516 ICD10CM:N08 MESH:D005921 NCI:C26784 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:36171008 UMLS_CUI:C0017658 disease_ontology DOID:2921 glomerulonephritis A nephritis that causes inflammation of the glomeruli located_in kidney. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulonephritis sn:IEDB A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells. DOID:2157 MESH:D009373 NCI:C3708 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:302853003 UMLS_CUI:C0205851 malignant tumor of the germ cell disease_ontology germ cell neoplasm germ cell tumour DOID:2994 germ cell cancer A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_cell_tumor A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. MESH:D019966 NCI:C92203 UMLS_CUI:C0236969 disease_ontology DOID:303 substance-related disorder A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. url:https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/substance-related-disorders An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease. DOID:11500 DOID:6144 EFO:0000341 ICD10CM:J44.9 MESH:D029424 NCI:C3199 OMIM:606963 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:13645005 UMLS_CUI:C0024117 COLD COPD chronic obstructive airway disease chronic obstructive lung disease disease_ontology DOID:3083 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease. url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28513453/ url:https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles. DOID:10506 DOID:3363 DOID:3394 DOID:9420 EFO:0001645 ICD10CM:I20-I25 ICD10CM:I25 ICD10CM:I25.10 ICD9CM:410-414.99 ICD9CM:414.0 ICD9CM:414.9 MESH:D003324 MESH:D003327 MESH:D017202 NCI:C35505 NCI:C50625 OMIM:300464 OMIM:607339 OMIM:608316 OMIM:608318 OMIM:608320 OMIM:610947 OMIM:611139 OMIM:612030 OMIM:614293 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:194852007 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:233822007 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:41702007 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:53741008 UMLS_CUI:C0010054 UMLS_CUI:C0010068 UMLS_CUI:C0151744 UMLS_CUI:C0264694 CHD Coronary disease coronary arteriosclerosis coronary heart disease disease_ontology DOID:3393 Xref MGI. coronary artery disease An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_disease A skin cancer that is located_in tissues of the skin and develops from epithelial cells. NCI:C4914 UMLS_CUI:C0699893 carcinoma of skin disease_ontology DOID:3451 skin carcinoma A skin cancer that is located_in tissues of the skin and develops from epithelial cells. url:http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/skin A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver. DOID:12300 DOID:269 DOID:7330 DOID:915 DOID:919 ICD10CM:C22.0 ICD10CM:C22.9 ICD9CM:155.0 ICD9CM:155.2 MESH:D008113 NCI:C34803 NCI:C7692 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126851005 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:187771009 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93870000 UMLS_CUI:C0023903 UMLS_CUI:C0024620 UMLS_CUI:C0345904 UMLS_CUI:C0854795 Ca liver - primary Resectable malignant neoplasm of Liver ca liver - primary hepatic cancer hepatic neoplasm malignant hepato-biliary neoplasm malignant neoplasm of liver malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary malignant neoplasm of liver, primary malignant tumor of liver neoplasm of liver non-resectable primary hepatic malignant neoplasm primary liver cancer primary malignant neoplasm of Liver primary malignant neoplasm of liver resectable malignant neoplasm of the liver disease_ontology DOID:3571 liver cancer A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. DOID:1576 DOID:1698 DOID:187 DOID:6486 DOID:8948 ICD9CM:702 MESH:D012871 MESH:D012873 NCI:C156032 NCI:C3371 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:201095006 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:5613003 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:95320005 UMLS_CUI:C0029574 UMLS_CUI:C0037274 UMLS_CUI:C0037277 Genodermatosis skin and subcutaneous tissue disease disease_ontology DOID:37 skin disease An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_disease A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. MESH:D004194 NCI:C2991 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:64572001 UMLS_CUI:C0012634 disease_ontology DOID:4 disease A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041577/ A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the mouth. MESH:D009059 NCI:C27641 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:118938008 UMLS_CUI:C0026636 disease_ontology DOID:403 mouth disease A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the mouth. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_pathology A heart disease involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right). DOID:989 MESH:D006349 MESH:D016127 NCI:C45525 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:368009 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:398995000 UMLS_CUI:C0018824 UMLS_CUI:C0079485 Valvular heart disease disease_ontology DOID:4079 heart valve disease A heart disease involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right). url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve_disease DOID:2164 DOID:2165 DOID:46 ICD10CM:K76.9 ICD9CM:573.9 MESH:D008107 NCI:C3196 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:62857009 UMLS_CUI:C0023895 disorder of liver hepatic disorder disease_ontology DOID:409 liver disease A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. DOID:10133 DOID:144 ICD10CM:F45 ICD10CM:F45.0 ICD9CM:300.8 ICD9CM:300.81 MESH:D013001 NCI:C34956 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:192430009 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:60368009 UMLS_CUI:C0037650 UMLS_CUI:C0520482 physiological malfunction arising from mental factor psychophysiologic disorder psychosomatic disorder disease_ontology DOID:4737 somatoform disorder A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorder MESH:D001855 NCI:C34433 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:127035006 UMLS_CUI:C0005956 bone marrow disorder disease_ontology DOID:4961 bone marrow disease A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the esophagus. DOID:10291 DOID:10292 DOID:10448 DOID:1102 DOID:1104 GARD:6383 ICD10CM:C15.3 ICD10CM:C15.4 ICD10CM:C15.5 ICD9CM:150.2 ICD9CM:150.3 ICD9CM:150.4 ICD9CM:150.5 ICD9CM:150.8 MESH:D004938 NCI:C3028 NCI:C3533 NCI:C3534 NCI:C3535 NCI:C4764 OMIM:133239 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126817006 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:187729008 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93656003 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93877002 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93895004 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:94119000 UMLS_CUI:C0014859 UMLS_CUI:C0153413 UMLS_CUI:C0153414 UMLS_CUI:C0153415 UMLS_CUI:C0153416 UMLS_CUI:C0496775 Ca lower third oesophagus Ca middle third oesophagus esophagus cancer malignant neoplasm of distal third of esophagus malignant neoplasm of lower third of oesophagus malignant neoplasm of middle third of oesophagus malignant neoplasm of proximal third of esophagus malignant neoplasm of upper third esophagus malignant tumor of Distal Third of esophagus malignant tumor of Proximal Third of esophagus malignant tumor of abdominal esophagus malignant tumor of the middle Third of the esophagus disease_ontology DOID:5041 esophageal cancer A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the esophagus. url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/stomach-esophagealcancer url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagus A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. DOID:9028 ICD9CM:307.4 UMLS_CUI:C0154564 Non-organic sleep disorder disease_ontology DOID:535 sleep disorder A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder A intestinal disease located in the colon. DOID:10758 MESH:D003108 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:128524007 UMLS_CUI:C0009373 colon disorder disease_ontology DOID:5353 colonic disease A intestinal disease located in the colon. url:https://www.nature.com/subjects/colonic-diseases A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney. DOID:11705 EFO:0003086 ICD10CM:N08 MESH:D007674 NCI:C3149 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266612003 UMLS_CUI:C0022658 impaired renal function disease nephropathy disease_ontology DOID:557 kidney disease A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneydiseases.html An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye. DOID:2933 ICD10CM:H44 ICD9CM:379.90 MESH:D005128 NCI:C26767 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:371409005 UMLS_CUI:C0015397 disease_ontology DOID:5614 eye disease An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_disease A sarcoma and hematologic cancer that derives_from follicular lymphoma. NCI:C9294 UMLS_CUI:C1334030 histiocytic and dendritic cell disease_ontology DOID:5621 histiocytic and dendritic cell cancer A sarcoma and hematologic cancer that derives_from follicular lymphoma. url:http://www.springerlink.com/content/h9wrn7p72x26q035/ DOID:12757 ICD10CM:C69.1 ICD9CM:190.4 NCI:C3565 NCI:C4361 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126997008 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93766000 UMLS_CUI:C0153629 UMLS_CUI:C0339304 Corneal tumor malignant Corneal tumor malignant neoplasm of cornea malignant tumor of cornea neoplasm of cornea disease_ontology DOID:6199 cornea cancer A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome. MESH:D030342 NCI:C3101 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:32895009 UMLS_CUI:C0019247 disease_ontology DOID:630 genetic disease A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome. url:http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/ A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures. DOID:2655 ICDO:8140/0 MESH:D000236 NCI:C2855 NCI:C4196 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:443416007 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:79041005 UMLS_CUI:C0001430 UMLS_CUI:C0334389 acinar cell adenoma acinic cell adenoma adenomas disease_ontology DOID:657 adenoma MESH:D000236 A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures. url:http://coloncancer.about.com/od/glossaries/g/Adenoma.htm url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoma A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. DOID:1 DOID:2 DOID:5 DOID:71 DOID:72 DOID:8 disease_ontology DOID:7 disease of anatomical entity A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. url:http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=anatomic An immune system disease that is located_in the lymphatic system. MESH:D008206 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266326002 UMLS_CUI:C0024228 Adenopathy Lymphangiopathy Lymphatic disease Lymphatic disorder disease of lympoid system disorder of lymph node and lymphatics disorder of lymphatic system disorder of lymphoid system lymphatic disorder lympoid system disease disease_ontology DOID:75 lymphatic system disease An immune system disease that is located_in the lymphatic system. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_disease url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphaticdiseases.html A leukemia that occurs in children. NCI:C4989 UMLS_CUI:C1332977 disease_ontology DOID:7757 childhood leukemia A leukemia that occurs in children. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/leukemiachildhood.html A lens disease characterized by clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. ICD10CM:H26 ICD9CM:366.8 OMIM:601371 OMIM:PS116200 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:193620000 UMLS_CUI:C0029531 disease_ontology DOID:83 Xref MGI. cataract MESH:D002386 A lens disease characterized by clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataract url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10414631 A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. DOID:11894 DOID:11895 DOID:29 DOID:766 ICD10CM:J98.4 MESH:D008171 NCI:C3198 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:266374002 UMLS_CUI:C0024115 disease_ontology DOID:850 Updating out dated CUI and removing lung abscess as a synonym. lung disease A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. url:http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/lung-disease/index.cfm url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000066.htm A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. DOID:8551 DOID:8606 EFO:0000339 GARD:6105 ICD9CM:205.1 ICDO:9863/3 KEGG:05220 OMIM:608232 ORDO:521 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:154592009 UMLS_CUI:C0023473 CML CML - chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Myeloid Leukemia, chronic chronic granulocytic leukaemia chronic granulocytic leukemia chronic myelogenous leukaemia chronic myelogenous leukemia chronic myeloid leukaemia disease_ontology DOID:8552 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. chronic myeloid leukemia A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=46755 A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue. DOID:8878 DOID:8879 DOID:8910 DOID:9066 DOID:9126 GARD:8226 ICD10CM:C92 ICD9CM:205 ICDO:9860/3 MESH:D007951 NCI:C3172 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:269631008 UMLS_CUI:C0023470 Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia leukaemia myelogenous leukemia myelogenous myeloid granulocytic leukaemia myeloid granulocytic leukemia myeloid leukaemia disease_ontology DOID:8692 myeloid leukemia A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloid_leukemia A carcinoma that is an early development defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues. DOID:8793 DOID:8821 ICD10CM:D09.9 ICD9CM:230-234.99 MESH:D002278 NCI:C2917 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:109355002 UMLS_CUI:C0007099 disease_ontology DOID:8719 in situ carcinoma A carcinoma that is an early development defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoma_in_situ An acute myeloid leukemia that derives from blood-forming tissue in which megakaryocytes proliferate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood in large numbers. DOID:9009 GARD:524 ICD10CM:C94.2 ICD9CM:207.2 ICDO:9910/3 MESH:D007947 NCI:C3170 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:52220008 UMLS_CUI:C0023462 Megakaryocytic myelosis Thrombocytic leukaemia disease_ontology DOID:8761 acute megakaryocytic leukemia An acute myeloid leukemia that derives from blood-forming tissue in which megakaryocytes proliferate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood in large numbers. url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_megakaryoblastic_leukemia url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26228843/ url:https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-AMLM7.pdf A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. DOID:9118 DOID:9171 GARD:12757 ICD10CM:C92.0 ICD9CM:205.0 ICDO:9861/3 KEGG:05221 MESH:D015470 NCI:C3171 OMIM:601626 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:91861009 UMLS_CUI:C0023467 AML - acute Myeloid Leukemia Leukemia, Myelocytic, acute acute myeloblastic leukaemia acute myeloblastic leukemia acute myelogenous leukaemia acute myelogenous leukemia acute myeloid leukaemia disease_ontology DOID:9119 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. acute myeloid leukemia A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. url:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancersselected/acutemyeloidleukemia url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=44363 url:https://www.cancer.org/cancer/acute-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-classified.html A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. ICD10CM:C18.9 KEGG:05210 MESH:D015179 NCI:C2956 NCI:C4978 OMIM:114500 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:126837005 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:93854002 UMLS_CUI:C0009404 UMLS_CUI:C0346629 disease_ontology DOID:9256 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. colorectal cancer A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum. url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=444983 A mouth disease that is characterized by inflammation of the mouth and lips. ICD10CM:K12.1 MESH:D013280 NCI:C26887 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:95361005 UMLS_CUI:C0038362 disease_ontology DOID:9637 stomatitis A mouth disease that is characterized by inflammation of the mouth and lips. url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomatitis A acute leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts. DOID:5600 EFO:0000220 GARD:522 ICD10CM:C91.00 ICD9CM:204.0 NCI:C3167 NCI:C7055 OMIM:247640 OMIM:613065 ORDO:513 SNOMEDCT_US_2021_09_01:128822004 UMLS_CUI:C0023449 UMLS_CUI:C1335469 ALL acute lymphoblastic leukaemia acute lymphocytic leukaemia precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia disease_ontology DOID:9952 Xref MGI. acute lymphoblastic leukemia A acute leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts. url:http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=46332 An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature This class is being depopulated and will be filled only with inferred subclasses. Please do not use this for direct annotation, favouring instead a more descriptive subclass. geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. FTT:78 TGN:50001 man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. tailing FTT:625 FTT:631 mine tailing Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings tailing ADL:FTT A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. FTT:83 transport feature A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. MA:ma A geographical feature associated with water. FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF fluvial feature hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. MA:ma fluvial feature ADL:FTT A lentic water body which has been formed as a result of oceanogenesis and constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN LTER:695 SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ocean region As evidence for oceans differing from that of Earth emerge, the label "ocean" may be used for a more general class, with this class being relabelled as "salt-water ocean" or similar. The PURL/PID of this class will remain unchanged. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_oceanography ocean LTER:695 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=695&/oceans ocean region ADL:FTT A lentic water body which is wholly or partly surrounded by land and either connected to or derived from a part of an ocean. EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water sea A lentic water body which is wholly or partly surrounded by land and either connected to or derived from a part of an ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea closed sea USGS:SDTS marginal sea USGS:SDTS open sea USGS:SDTS open sound USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 saline hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN TGN:21116 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lake salt lake salina soda lake saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma salt lake USGS:SDTS salina USGS:SDTS A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS LTER:278 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake LTER:278 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=278&/lakes catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS A quarry from which sand is extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pit ENVO sand pit ENVO:00000028 sand pit quarry A quarry from which sand is extracted. MA:ma An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. WetlandRegion wetland area An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. water body An accumulation of water of varying size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water hydrographic feature ADL:FTT bodies of water Getty:TGN body of water ADL:FTT body of water Getty:TGN A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. "constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference constructed feature Some human constructions (such as the extra-planetary probes built for the Voyager missions) exist outside of Earth's (or any other astrononomical body's) technosphere, and are thus not astronomical body parts. Assertions regarding whether a construction is part of the technosphere of an astronomical body (e.g. Earth) should be made at the instance level, if needed / useful for the application case. human construction A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN TGN:54211 TGN:54212 mine An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine An ecosystem which either 1) has its functions and composition determined by agricultural processes or entities or 2) is formed as the result of an agricultural land conversion process. FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process. agricultural ecosystem barn ADL:FTT cattle dipping tank ADL:FTT corral ADL:FTT dairy ADL:FTT feedlot ADL:FTT grange ADL:FTT grazing allotment ADL:FTT irrigated field ADL:FTT nursery ADL:FTT nursery Geonames:feature pastoral site ADL:FTT sheepfold ADL:FTT stockyard ADL:FTT AgriculturalLands NASA:earthrealm agricultural colony Geonames:feature agricultural facility ADL:FTT agricultural land Getty:TGN agricultural reserve ADL:FTT agricultural reserve Geonames:feature agricultural site ADL:FTT A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT LTER:147 SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert arid region desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap Valleys are typically located between hills our mountains. valley A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm USGS:SDTS coulee USGS:SDTS dale USGS:SDTS glacial gorge USGS:SDTS glacial trough USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully Getty:TGN gully USGS:SDTS median valley ADL:FTT median valley Geonames:feature shelf valley Geonames:feature glen ADL:FTT glen USGS:SDTS goe USGS:SDTS gorge Geonames:feature gorge USGS:SDTS graben USGS:SDTS hollow ADL:FTT hollow Getty:TGN hollow USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS re-entrant USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS strath USGS:SDTS trench USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. grazing area herbaceous area grassland area An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. FTT:1083 FTT:505 FTT:506 FTT:719 FTT:774 Geonames:V.GRVPN LTER:503 SWEETRealm:Break SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21631 TGN:21632 TGN:21641 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland brigalow pine grove caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest wood wooded area woodland area Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. USGS:SDTS brigalow USGS:SDTS pine grove Geonames:feature caatinga USGS:SDTS chanaral USGS:SDTS coniferous forest USGS:SDTS copse USGS:SDTS deciduous forest USGS:SDTS equatorial forest USGS:SDTS equatorial rain forest USGS:SDTS garique USGS:SDTS grove ADL:FTT grove USGS:SDTS jungle Getty:TGN jungle USGS:SDTS mallee scrub USGS:SDTS monsoon forest USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS motte USGS:SDTS mulga USGS:SDTS mulga scrub USGS:SDTS rain forest ADL:FTT rain forest Getty:TGN reforested area USGS:SDTS sagebrush USGS:SDTS scrub USGS:SDTS shrub USGS:SDTS silva USGS:SDTS stand USGS:SDTS taiga USGS:SDTS thicket USGS:SDTS thorn forest USGS:SDTS wood Getty:TGN wooded area USGS:SDTS An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. EcoLexicon:forest FTT:258 FTT:506 FTT:715 FTT:717 Geonames:V.FRST LTER:2 SWEETRealm:Forest TGN:21641 TGN:21642 TGN:21645 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest wood The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forested area An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest Geonames:feature wood Getty:TGN A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. agricultural site EcoLexicon:field FTT:45 FTT:61 Geonames:L.FLD SWEETRealm:Field TGN:21456 cropland grassland agricultural field A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29 agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS grassland USGS:SDTS A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. dry valley A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. LTER:408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. permafrost An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. current EcoLexicon:ocean_current FTT:597 FTT:598 Geonames:H.CRNT LTER:386 SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Subclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ocean current The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. BS:bs current ADL:FTT current Geonames:feature current Getty:TGN A landform elevated above the surrounding area. elevation LTER:177 SWEETRealm:Elevation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation elevated landform A landform elevated above the surrounding area. MA:ma A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature landform physiographic feature solid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform geological feature ADL:FTT A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. wetland EcoLexicon:swamp FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:H.SWMP SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp TGN:21324 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp Swamp swamp cienaga swamp ecosystem A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Swamp NASA:earthrealm swamp Geonames:feature cienaga ADL:FTT A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_valley ENVO valley ENVO:00000248 glacial valley A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. MA:ma valley USGS:SDTS A terrestrial ecosystem which has its composition and function determined by an unbroken herbaceous layer - primarily composed of grasses, sedges, or rushes - interspersed with trees or shrubs. Further axiomatisation is possible with the right taxon imports, but the interspersal semantics may be beyond OWL expressivity. FTT:259 FTT:770 FTT:771 TGN:21607 Savanna grassland savannah Savannas are intermediate grassland-woodland ecosystems, with some instances having almost no trees and others having trees at densities higher than some forests. Savannas are typically subject to tropical or subtropical climatic conditions. Savannas typically have seasonal water availability and grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities. savanna A terrestrial ecosystem which has its composition and function determined by an unbroken herbaceous layer - primarily composed of grasses, sedges, or rushes - interspersed with trees or shrubs. Savanna NASA:earthrealm grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS savannah ADL:FTT An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. EcoLexicon:quarry FTT:14 FTT:974 Geonames:S.MNQR TGN:54217 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry ENVO ENVO:00000284 quarry An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:836 FTT:837 FTT:838 FTT:839 FTT:840 FTT:841 FTT:842 SWEETRealm:IceField TGN:21147 ice patch iceberg icefall IceSheet ice field ice sheet icecap Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. ice field A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. ADL:FTT ice patch ADL:FTT iceberg ADL:FTT icefall ADL:FTT IceSheet NASA:earthrealm ice field ADL:FTT ice sheet ADL:FTT icecap ADL:FTT Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. FTT:1191 FTT:262 FTT:374 FTT:473 FTT:792 FTT:991 Geonames:V.SCRB SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21644 TGN:21652 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrubland scrubland bush chaparal area heath scrub shrubland scrubland area Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. ADL:FTT scrubland Geonames:feature bush ADL:FTT bush Getty:TGN chaparal area ADL:FTT heath ADL:FTT scrub USGS:SDTS shrubland ADL:FTT shrubland USGS:SDTS A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Clarify that this pertains to the planetary crust and create superclass for general topological depressions. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 depression EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 FTT:216 Geonames:T.DPR Geonames:T.PAN Geonames:T.PANS SWEETRealm:Depression TGN:21454 TGN:21497 TGN:21521 barrier basin depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin depressed landform A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_%28geology%29 barrier basin USGS:SDTS depression Geonames:feature non tidal basin USGS:SDTS pan Geonames:feature pan Getty:TGN pan (geologic) ADL:FTT pans Geonames:feature tidal basin USGS:SDTS A mass of solid material which is composed primarily of rock. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 piece of rock A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. grain of sand granule of sand sand granule In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel. particle of sand A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt. grain of silt granule of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. grain of desert sand A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. EcoLexicon:biome LTER:809 major habitat type EcosytemType In this definition, there is an assumption that no major perturbations are occurring or have occurred in a time frame affects the successional dynamics of the ecosystem. A "major" perturbation is one which disrupts the community's ability to restore its (near) equilibrium. Usually, pioneer or early secondary successional processes would be in effect in such scenarios. biome A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome LTER:809 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=809&/biomes major habitat type WWF:Biome EcosytemType NASA:earthrealm A terrestrial ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. LTER:798 SPIRE:Terrestrial terrestrial biome A terrestrial ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes A marine ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. SPIRE:Marine This biome includes open-ocean and unprotected coastal ecosystems, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. marine biome A marine ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A facility which supports the undertaking of scientific research or measurements. research facility A facility which supports the undertaking of scientific research or measurements. MA:ma The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. BOTTOM EcoLexicon:bed FTT:804 SWEETRealm:Bottom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed submerged bed The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. USGS:SDTS BOTTOM USGS:SDTS A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg] regolith LTER:535 SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil 'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280 soil An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope flank side slope A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. MA:ma Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. EcoLexicon:waste_water SWEETRealm:Wastewater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_water ENVO ENVO:00002001 waste water Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. EcoLexicon:air LTER:18 SWEETRealm:Air https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. water EcoLexicon:water LTER:617 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water liquid water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. MA:ma Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation LTER:492 LTER:493 SWEETRealm:Sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Sediment is typically deposited on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. sediment Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:dust SWEETRealm:Dust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust Dust occurs in and may be deposited from the atmosphere. dust Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water salt water The threshold salt concentration for classifying water as saline varies, but typically begins at about 1,000 to 3,000 parts salt per million parts water or 0.1–0.3% salt by weight. saline water A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock ENVO ENVO:00002016 sedimentary rock A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water. LTER:41 aquatic biome EcoLexicon:wood LTER:637 SWEETRealm:Wood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood ENVO ENVO:00002040 wood Sediment which has increased levels of one or more chemical compounds. chemically enriched sediment A portion of contaminated soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some contaminant. ENVO ENVO:00002116 "contaminant" is more of a disposition - any material entity can be a contaminant in particular circumstances. contaminated soil Saline water which has has been formed as a result of oceanogenesis and which has its composition and properties maintained through processes including hydrological cycling, continental weathering, porewater burial, mineral deposition, ion exchange reactions, and ecological processes. When we have more classes representing the various processes which make seawater seawater, we can further axiomatise this class. EcoLexicon:sea_water LTER:701 SWEETRealm:SeaWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_water seawater sea water This definition is scoped to Earth's ocean, although it may also be applied to other telluric planets, moons, and similar astronomical bodies. As more evidence of other ocean types (and thus ocean water) emerge, this class may be made a subclass of a more general "ocean" class, and its label changed accordingly. This classes PURL / PID will remain stable. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_oceanography ocean water ENVO ENVO:00002167 platinum mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mine ENVO ENVO:00002168 gold mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mine ENVO ENVO:00002169 coal mine A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital hospital A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital EcoLexicon:water_pollution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminated_water polluted water ENVO ENVO:00002186 contaminated water Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of organic compounds. organically enriched sediment Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of inorganic compounds. inorganically enriched sediment coal mine waste ENVO coal refuse ENVO:00002206 coal mine waste material A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. SWEETRealm:PowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant generating plant generating station power station powerhouse ENVO ENVO:00002214 power plant A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. SWEETRealm:GeothermalPowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002215 geothermal power plant A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. forest soil A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). This seems more like a role than a material. Anything can be waste. Thus, a "waste" role or disposition will be created and this class can then be populated by inference: any environmental material which has [role,disposition] waste will be considered a waste material. EcoLexicon:waste SWEETRealm:Waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste ENVO ENVO:00002264 waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with industrial entities. industrial waste ENVO ENVO:00002267 industrial waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1340 A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002271 nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. A/C A/C unit air conditioner air conditioning unit A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. clay Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. A house used for sheltering non-human animals. While humans are animals, this class does not refer to human houses. animal house A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. This could be demoted to an inferred class if issues with double inheritance arise. enriched soil An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. It's possible that this will become an inferred class in the future. The United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification should be referred to when expanding this branch. ISIC can also be used to identify processes. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27&Lg=1. industrial building An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. ENVO ENVO:00003885 brewery A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. research station A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_station A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. warehouse A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter ENVO ENVO:00003968 This is a general definition derived from the definitions for particulate, chemical, and other air filters. Subclasses should be created if needed. air filter An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter A portion of soil which is found in a savanna. savanna soil Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability. dry soil A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome. farm soil A portion of soil which is found in a grassland. grassland soil Soil which is part of an agricultural field. field soil Soil which is part of some elevated land. upland soil Soil which is part of some elevated land. Sand which is part of a desert. desert sand The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. constructed animal dwelling den nest This class represents habitations of non-human animals. This distinction may be removed in future releases. animal habitation The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. MA:ma A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. bird nest bird's nest eyrie ENVO ENVO:00005805 nest of bird A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_nest A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun (i.e. not countable). All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". Instances of this class are portions of environmental materials, such as seawater in bucket, a water parcel in the photic zone of a lake, or the concrete that composes a building part. Instances of these portions may have fiat or non-fiat boundaries. For example, a water parcel has not physical boundaries, while the seawater in a bucket is bounded by the internal surfaces of the bucket. environmental material A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. EcoLexicon:surface http://sweetontology.net/reprSpaceGeometry/Surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Perhaps this can be made into an inferred class using 'bounding layer of' some material entity, note that 'bounding layer' implies containment, which may not be valid here. surface layer A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol Should connect to PATO as "quality of an aerosol" aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 anthropogenic environmental material Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. MA:ma MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. ENVO:01000063 EcoLexicon:upwell EcoLexicon:upwelling SWEETRealm:Upwelling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling marine upwelling This term is specific to marine upwellings. upwelling MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:sand LTER:484 SWEETRealm:Sand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. sand Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Estuarine estuarine biome Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO salt marsh ENVO:01000022 marine salt marsh biome The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_marsh The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z marginal sea biome The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_sea A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z Ocean biomes are determined by major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. ocean biome A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles. Do not oversimplify this branch with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. particulate matter particulate environmental material A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton. See Issue #251. Awaiting class creation in PCO to attempt logical definitions. mass of plankton plankton planktonic material A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z EcoLexicon:marine_current marine current A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass organic material Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A forest ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:212 SPIRE:Forest forest biome A woodland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z woodland biome A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. shrubland biome A grassland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland grassland biome A savanna ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland savanna biome A desert ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Desert_or_dune desert biome .A temperate desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z temperate desert biome .A temperate desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state WWW:http://www.fs.fed.us/land/ecosysmgmt/colorimagemap/images/340.html .A subtropical desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z subtropical desert biome .A subtropical desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical#Semi-desert.2Fdesert_climate A montane desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. montane desert biome .A polar desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z polar desert biome .A polar desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_desert A savanna biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z tropical savanna biome A savanna biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z prairie biome temperate savanna biome A subtropical grassland which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z subtropical grassland biome A tropical grassland which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z tropical grassland biome A temperate grassland which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z prairie biome temperate grassland biome A montane grassland which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z Preliminary definition. montane grassland biome A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z coniferous forest biome A broadleaf forest ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z broadleaf forest biome A mixed forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z mixed forest biome A tropical broadleaf forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z tropical broadleaf forest biome A subtropical broadleaf forest in which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z subtropical broadleaf forest biome A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z temperate broadleaf forest biome An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. 2013-04-07T14:35:18Z A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. environmental condition An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z EcoLexicon:the_tropics SPIRE:Tropical tropical A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius. 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z As with most other climatic zones and conditions, multiple classification schemes have somehat different definitions and criteria. To quote from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Several methods have been used to define the subtropical climate. In the Trewartha climate classification, a subtropical region should have at least eight months with a mean temperature of 10 °C (50.0 °F) or above. German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined Warm temperate zones as plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, there generally exists one large subtropical zone named the warm-temperate subtropical zone,[4] which is subdivided into seven smaller areas.[5] According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into two parts: Rainy winters of the west sides and Eastern subtropical climate.[6] According to the Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into three parts: high-continental, continental, and maritime.[7] According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.[8]" subtropical A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z SPIRE:Temperate tepid climate This class' definition is less satisfactory than the other latitudinal conditoins. temperate A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate tepid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate A coniferous forest biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical coniferous forest biome A coniferous forest biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate coniferous forest biome A temperate mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:30Z temperate mixed forest biome A shrubland biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical shrubland biome A shrubland biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical shrubland biome A shrubland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate shrubland biome A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z Preliminary definition. montane shrubland biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. 2013-04-07T14:45:22Z anthrome human biome Preliminary definition. anthropogenic terrestrial biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150128/ A tropical woodland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z tropical woodland biome A woodland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z temperate woodland biome A subtropical woodland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z subtropical woodland biome A montane savanna biome is a savanna biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T16:50:01Z Preliminary definition. montane savanna biome An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. 2013-04-24T13:28:18Z EcoLexicon:aridity arid A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. 2013-05-08T07:49:36Z SPIRE:Polar SWEETRealm:Polarization frigid On Earth, polar conditions are such that every month has average temperature lower than 10 degrees Celsius. Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. polar A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate frigid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate A scrubland which is located in a desert. 2013-06-06T15:02:30Z desert scrub desert scrubland A scrubland which is located in a desert. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 desert scrub ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 A cropland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z cropland biome A cropland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z Villages are also described as agricultural settlements with greater than 100 persons per square kilometre; however, no upper limit is defined. village biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A rangeland ecosystem which has reached its climactic successional state. 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z rangeland biome A rangeland ecosystem which has reached its climactic successional state. A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO:01000248 dense settlement biome A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions. 2013-09-04T06:41:53Z EcoLexicon:taiga LTER:72 SPIRE:Taiga boreal forest taiga subpolar coniferous forest biome A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. 2013-09-04T07:08:34Z boreal subarctic Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. subpolar A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate boreal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate subarctic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. Look for "mineral" in a chemical or geochemical ontology to formalise the composed primarily of link. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:37:41Z LTER:341 mineral material A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T07:58:18Z aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? water vapour Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:14:50Z LTER:48 atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:22:07Z atmospheric water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000268 atmospheric water vapour Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor atmospheric water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. 2013-10-12T17:21:09Z Specific ecoregions are geographically defined and instantiated entities (e.g. Beringia lowland tundra), and should be represented as instances / named individuals of ENVO:ecoregion or an appropriate subclass. ecoregion A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 URL:http://worldwildlife.org/biomes Ice which is formed from water. 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z LTER:262 ice Water ice can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. In permafrost regions, ice may occupy voids in soils and rocks and may develop in a variety of forms. Ice may be colourless to pale blue or greenish-blue. It may appear white due to included gas bubbles; in exposures, ground ice may also appear black. In nature ice is formed either by: (a) the freezing of water, (b) the condensation of atmospheric water vapour direct into ice crystals, (c) the compaction of snow with or without the motion of a glacier, or (d) the impregnation of porous snow masses with water which subsequently freeze. water ice Ice which is formed from water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131 Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T18:32:46Z ENVO contains this top-level class, but all instances will be in GAZ. The definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology. Ecozones are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes, also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of the Earth's surface based on life form, or the adaptation of plants and animals to climatic, soil, and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation. Each ecozone may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories. ecozone Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecozone A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z layer A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. A layer which is part of a lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:57:43Z ENVO ENVO:01000283 Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline. lake layer A mass of water ice. Class should be populated by inference and asserted subclasses redistributed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T19:49:11Z accumulation of ice ice accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice mass A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 marine layer A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water. Water (saline) saline water environment Water (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average. The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. cold environment An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic. anthropogenic environment A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. high osmolarity environment An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. acidic environment An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. rocky slope An enviroment system which is determined by an ocean or sea. marine environment An enviroment system which is determined by an ocean or sea. NM:nm An environmental system determined by seawater. ocean water environment sea water environment The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence). planetary boundary layer atmospheric boundary layer A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities planetary surface A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. This class will eventually be populated by inference, and its asserted subclasses removed. aquatic layer A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed. dome swamp An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. under story undergrowth understorey understory An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understory A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. shrub layer A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. http://www.treeterms.co.uk/definitions/shrub-layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. fern layer herb layer herb stratum herbaceous layer herbaceous stratum herbaceous understory ground cover ground vegetation regeneration layer This definition is inclusive of non-herbaceous plants that may be transiently present in the "herb layer". See Gilliam FS (2007) The Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in Temperate Forest Ecosystems. BioScience. 57(10):845-858. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007) for rationale and a review of definitional and terminological variation. herb and fern layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007 ground layer Refers to the ground layer of a forest or woodland where leaf litter or other plant matter accumulates litter layer A biome which is subject to polar climatic conditions. This class is primarily for inference and, in general, should not be used directly by annotators. If you're an annotator, please consider using a more informative term such as 'tundra biome'. polar biome An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. LTER:26 Requested term with preliminary def. See Issue 29 on the envo tracker. alpine An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. LTER:350 The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. montane An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. Depending on the latitude (and, to a lesser extent, other factors), the actual location of the zones where these conditions are in effect will change. altitudinal condition An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root. Requested in Issue 115 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. root matter An unbroken expanse (as of ice) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class was created to accommodate "fields" from agricultural fields to marine mesoscale eddy fields. Thus, it has a very broad definition which makes it less than informative when annotating. Please consider using or requesting an appropriate subclass. field An unbroken expanse (as of ice) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/field A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation. forest layer forest stratum woodland layer woodland stratum Usually found in woodlands and forests. vegetation layer A portion of acidic water is a portion of water with a pH less than 7. acidic water An evergreen needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate evergreen needleleaf forest A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous broadleaf forest A deciduous needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous needleleaf forest A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves. This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed broadleaf forest A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers). coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed needleleaf forest A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate sclerophyllous dry forest A broadleaf evergreen forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate broadleaf evergreen forest A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). It is currently unclear how to relate forests and swamps. temperate freshwater swamp forest Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition. environmental zone A whole plant which is relatively old old plant A whole plant which is relatively young. young plant A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. The provisioning of a dwelling-place can perhaps be modelled as a role. house A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House A human house is a house which provides a dwelling-place for humans. human house A building part is a construction which is part of a building. Not recommended for annotation. This class is likely to be made into an inferred class as its subclasses are distributed among more meaningful superclasses (i.e. ceiling is_a surface layer). See for example, "building floor". The boundaries between building parts may be bona fide or fiat. building part A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 room A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room A forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. broadleaf forest A forest ecosystem which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. The subclasses of this class need to be checked: are they properly placed under other classes or is this corrected and the dominant form of mixed vegetation noted in the label? A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. mixed forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. swamp forest coniferous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. needleleaf forest A forest ecosystem which is dominated by trees adapted to dry or arid environmental conditions. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. sclerophyllous forest A forest which is subject to montane or alpine environmental conditions. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. high-elevation forest A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete masonry unit A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 masonry unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Missing the class for "aggregate" - tricky to define what it is, exactly. Again, seems more like some sort of material/disposition hybrid. concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement "Cement" refers more to a disposition than a specific material. masonry cement Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. This is a building part and not the same as a standalone wall, which is a building in its own right. building wall Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall An exterior wall is a building wall which separates the interior of a building from the buildings surrounding environment. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exterior wall A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 building enclosure building envelope A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_envelope ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. ceiling A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 roof This class is meant to represent roofs which are parts of buildings, rather than a roofs of cave and other natural formations. building roof A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick material A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Generally used to refer to the masonry unit rather than a material. brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick A brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall brick exterior wall A concrete exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete wall concrete exterior wall An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 iron sheet An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_metal A sheet-iron building roof is a building roof that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron roof sheet-iron roof iron sheet building roof sheet-iron building roof An asbestos building roof is a building roof that is built from asbestos. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asbestos roof asbestos exists in CHEBI and will be imported to complete this class' logical def. asbestos building roof A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile A tile building roof is a building roof that is built using tiles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile roof tiled roof tile building roof tiled building roof A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet "disposal" may not be the most precise way to describe fill-in latrines. Note that no assertion is made on whether these fixtures are in- or outdoors. toilet fixture A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 manufactory manufacturing plant factory A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8128 The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mesosphere The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mesosphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. troposphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8695 The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height thermosphere The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermosphere A layer that is part of the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric layering This could be made into an inferred class, rather than having asserted subclasses. atmospheric layer atmospheric layering GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/627 A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 boundary layer boundary layer A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer boundary layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976 A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. Subclasses will be added by inference. motor vehicle A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. engine motor A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. condensation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog) hydrological condensation process Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. duff leaf litter litterfall soil litter tree litter plant litter Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_litter A landmass which is part of a planet. land ground planetary landmass A landmass which is part of a planet. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. crust This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance. planetary crust A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition. Label should be improved to match definition. planetary structural layer A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. mantle This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's mantle would be an instance. planetary mantle A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology) A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle. lithosphere A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants. See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspx The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. dense settlement A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. This definition is preliminary. waste role A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. fracture SWEETRealm:Fissure fissure geological fracture A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology) fissure Genomes:fissure A geological fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement. fault The relationship between faults and active plate boundaries must be further developed, as there is some overlap. geological fault An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years. active fault active geological fault Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem. contaminated air An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. quake temblor tremor Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes. earthquake An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. tectonic earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it. polluted lake A mass of water. water mass A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. Used for both marine and lake coasts. The boundary of the coast is fuzzy and it overlaps both the water body and land in quesiton. Compared to 'shore' coast A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. seismic sea wave tidal wave tsunami A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. subsidence geological subsidence A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidence Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. precipitation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the precipitated material (e.g. snow, rain, sleet) hydrological precipitation process Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. condensation process Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. deposition desublimation process Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition) An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat A habitat's specificity to an ecological population differentiates it from other environment classes. See Buttigieg et al. (2016; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13326-016-0097-6) for an explanation of ENVO's treatement of habitats. 3,849 of such habitat classes are available here: https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo-habitats habitat A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This looks like an aggregate class, subsuming a range of processes which can lead to degradation. These anthropogenic ecosystems may include urban or other built-up settlements or anthropogenic ecosystems used for activities such as forestry or agriculture. land consumption process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. Adapted from EEA (1997) The concept of environmental space, Copenhagen, URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-078-2/at_download/file A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/264 for discussion. This definition needs a lot of clean up and links to household and related classes must be made to form logical definitions for inference to work. Subclasses will be added by inference. human dwelling A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. The range of entities that are considered "barren land" are not exhaustive, making axiomatisation risky at this stage. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) NLCD:31 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of barren land generally have less than 15% cover of vegetation. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of barren land An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes. This may not need to be in the atmosphere, also note that "meteor" will do much of the same work. Similar, in spirit, to landform. This class may need to be split into aerosols and 'pure' volumes of gas. aeroform A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. This class may be split. "urban village" doesn't sit well and prevents relations to village biomes. village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. infrastructure We label this as 'public infrastructure', as the OECD definition refers specifically to public constructed features. The parts of public infrastructure are not exhaustive and should be extended as needed. public infrastructure The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4511 A building which is publically accessible. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public building A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity. Created for SDGIO and intended to be a more general form of resource extraction process. material extraction process A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. wind This class refers to all forms of "wind": from the familiar movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere to the solar wind. Use a subclass to be more precise. mass gaseous flow A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. atmospheric wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. This class is to be populated by inference. gas gaseous environmental material A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. An NTR for `quality of a plasma` has been posted on the PATO tracker: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/88 plasma A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29 An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'. astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists. planet A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. Add qualities such as spherical. Request NTRs if not available in PATO. star An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far. astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A material part of an astronomical body. Also note that some astronomical body parts (ABPs) may have fiat boundaries: if there's strong debate about where an ABP begins or ends (over and above fuzzy boundaries), with different official classifications setting different thresholds or limits, axiomatise the class with fiat boundaries of the appropriate dimension. Note that material entities may have immaterial entities (e.g. sites) as parts. This class includes material parts of astronomical bodies. Immaterial parts, such as magnetospheres, are represented as sites under the influence of magnetic fields.Please post countercases in the ENVO tracker for revision of this hierarchy if needed. Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information. astronomical body part An environmental material which is in a solid state. This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. solid environmental material An environmental material which is in a liquid state. This is a defined class: most of its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. liquid environmental material An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. Whether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion. The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. biosphere An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere Air which has increased levels of water vapour. humid air Air which has a partial pressure of water vapour equal or near equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at a given temperature. water-vapour-saturated air wet air "Near equal" is meant to reflect that there will be fluctuations around the equilibrium point. water vapour saturated air A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. rain fall rainfall rain This is the process which typically happens on Earth. Other planets may have different liquids involved in the process. water-based rainfall A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. drop No attempt is made to differentiate between drops and droplets. This may be added, if requested. droplet A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. A droplet formed by condensation of vapour in an atmosphere and which is sufficiently massive to overcome atmospheric resistance and fall to a planetary surface due to gravity. raindrop A droplet of water A defined class which should be filled by inference. water droplet raindrop This is the class intended for use when describing raindrops on Earth. These typically have a diamter of 0.1 to 9 millimetres. water raindrop A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. This class refers to a portion of crystal and not an individual crystal. crystal A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice. ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. water ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a temperate climate. A component of the WWF Temperate Shelf and seas ecoregions grouping temperate marginal sea biome A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process. marine upwelling biome A marine upwelling biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. tropical marine upwelling biome A marine upwelling biome which is located in a region subject to temperate climate patterns. temperate marine upwelling biome An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" shrub/scrub NLCD:52 area of shrub According to the NLCD 2011, areas of scrub or shrub are dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of scrub An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, open space NLCD:21 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed open space are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover less than 20% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of developed open space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. sedge/herbaceous NLCD:72 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by sedge or forbs. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that land covered by sedge tundra and sedge tussock tundra are subsumed in this category. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. grassland/herbaceous NLCD:71 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by grasslands or non-woody, herbaceous plants. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that, while no "intensive" management such as tilling is performed in these areas, they may be used for grazing. area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body. This is currently bound to water-based snow on Earth, may need revisions for interplanetary applications 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow fall snowfall A human house which serves as a long-term shelter for its inhabitants and within which they store personal property. This is under "human house" due to the broad definition of "house". This term is not to be used for hotels, hostels, inns and the like, which provides shorter-term stays. residential building An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. non-anthropised environment non-anthropized environment In most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. rocky planet telluric planet Earth-like planet terrestrial planet A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. animal trap A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/trap A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. This class can refer to the flow of any material in a liquid phase. mass liquid flow A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. water flow process An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. plumbing fixture An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. The nature of "structures" must be further specified. human-directed construction process An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. environmental system determined by a quality An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump). environmental system determined by a material An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment environmental system determined by an organism An environmental system determined by a green plant. Plant plant environment Viridiplantae-associated environment plant-associated environment Plant http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by an animal. Animal animal environment Metazoan-associated environment animal-associated environment Animal http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. meteor A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor which is primarily composed of water. hydrometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor which is primarily composed of rock. lithometeor A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity. This class is to be filled by inference. natural lake A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. Requires addition of waves for full axiomatisation. This should be linked to "subatomic particle" with an "or". Note that ENVO represents space as an environmental material (a hard vacuum with sparse material inclusions). radiation A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. particle radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. EM radiation Note that this class is concerned only with active radiative processes: static electric and magnetic fields are not inlcuded. All electromagnetic radiation carries radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts. Saline The thresholds for "significant" concentrations of salts vary widely and thus no committment is made in this class. Subclasses with more explicit thresholds can be made upon request. saline environment Saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. Soil (non-saline) soil environment Soil (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. sediment environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol. aerosol environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol. Aerosol (saline) saline aerosol environment Aerosol (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ seaspray or other aerosolized saline material (>5 psu) An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes. Aerosol (non-saline) non-saline aerosol environment Aerosol (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ aerosolized dust or liquid An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. Animal corpus environment associated with an animal part or small animal Animal corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. Plant corpus environment associated with a plant part or small plant Plant corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. meteoroid An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. Far more axiomatisation can be done should the qualities of metals be added to PATO or a similar quality ontology. However, note that there are many exceptions to the typical qualities of the majority of metals. metal While this class allows for some degree of contamination by non-metal substances, the material represented should show at least some of the typical features of a pure metal: hardness (except for liquid metals), opacity, lustre, malleability, fusibility, ductile and good electrical and thermal conductivity. metallic material A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. particle formation particulate matter formation process A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. atmospheric aerosol formation atmospheric aerosol formation An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of solid particles in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. SWEETRealm:Aerosol liquid aerosol aerosolised liquids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. SWEETRealm:Aerosol solid aerosol aerosolised solids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. tectonic plate A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates 2 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. tectonic plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. LTER:173 This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem LTER:173 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=173&/ecosystems Organic material which is primarily composed of plant structures, living or dead. plant matter A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. Gas giants are composed of about 90% hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Saturn are examples of gas giants. gas planet A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure. ice A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. An axiom to express that the planet has a 'substantial' proportion of its mass in the form of water wound enhance this class. aquaplanet panthalassic planet water world While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as the extrasolar planet GJ 1214 b and ocean planet candidate Kepler-22b. ocean planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. cryoplanet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. ice planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. dry ice carbon dioxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. The placement of this class assumes that some traces of hydrogen are left in the atmosphere. If this is not the case, the axiom on gas planet must be updated. A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. helium planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust volatile Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. volatile astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. gas This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.271 Kelvin and a melting point of 13.99 Kelvin. Helium has a boiling point of 4.222 Kelvin and a melting point of 0.95 Kelvin. astrogeological gas An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. geodiversity A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodiversity Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. An ecosystem which has been causally isolated from a larger ecosystem within which it was previously embedded, such that the direct exchange of materials, resources, and energy between these systems is severely or entirely curtailed. Often, ecosystem fragments are unable to sustain themselves without human intervention and management as they are not large enough to perform self-sustaining functions (e.g. nutrient recycling) or hold sufficient ecological resources such as genetic diversity of populations. ecosystem fragment A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. ecosystem fragmentation process A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_fragmentation A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. ecosystem management Umweltmaßnahme environmental management active ecosystem management process A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Umweltmaßnahme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 www.awi.de/internas An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system. http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 Not currently live, may need to be switched to alternative PURLs. Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic soil Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid This class will be axiomatised with "alga" once an approach to handle this term's ambiguous semantics has been agreed with PCO. An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. algal material An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae The surface layer of a volume of water. EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface of a body of water water body surface water surface The surface layer of a mass of sediment. surface of a sedimentary mass surface sediment sediment surface An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. lithification A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithification An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. EcoLexicon:grassland FTT:259 FTT:760 FTT:766 Geonames:V.GRSLD LTER:232 TGN:21604 TGN:54052 GRASSLAND grassland Grassland down downland downs glade grazing area herbaceous area grassland ecosystem An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland GRASSLAND USGS:SDTS grassland Geonames:feature Grassland NASA:earthrealm down USGS:SDTS downland USGS:SDTS downs USGS:SDTS glade ADL:FTT glade USGS:SDTS grazing area ADL:FTT grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. EcoLexicon:wetland FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:H.WTLD LTER:630 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Wetland TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND Wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands moor morass muskeg wetland ecosystem A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND USGS:SDTS Wetland NASA:earthrealm EstuarineWetland NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland NASA:earthrealm back marsh USGS:SDTS backswamp USGS:SDTS backwater ADL:FTT barrier flat USGS:SDTS blanket bog USGS:SDTS bog ADL:FTT bog Getty:TGN cienaga ADL:FTT dismal USGS:SDTS everglade USGS:SDTS floating marsh USGS:SDTS forested wetland ADL:FTT marsh ADL:FTT mire ADL:FTT mire USGS:SDTS mud flat ADL:FTT peat cutting area ADL:FTT peatland ADL:FTT quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS quaking bog USGS:SDTS riparian area ADL:FTT slash USGS:SDTS slough ADL:FTT slough Getty:TGN slough USGS:SDTS slue ADL:FTT swamp forest USGS:SDTS tulelands USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. NCIT:C44445 solar radiation stellar radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance solar radiation NCIT:C44445 A process during which liquid water accumulates in a site, most often in some form of container. water accumulation process A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." office building A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." commercial building A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. office A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings A natural environment which is located on a land mass. terrestrial natural environment A natural environment which is within a water body. aquatic natural environment A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a tropical climate. A class which is complementary to the WWF Temperate Shelf and Seas ecoregions grouping tropical marginal sea biome EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy forest canopy A canopy which is part of a woodland ecosystem. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy woodland canopy A canopy which is composed of the aboveground portion, or crowns, of a community of crop plants. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy crop canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy false canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_%28biology%29 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. forest ecosystem The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forest An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf https://www1.usgs.gov/csas/nvcs/nvcsGetUnitDetails?elementGlobalId=860217 An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. cropland ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. Woodland understories are often populated with communities of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. There are varying distinctions between woodland and forest, with a large degree of ambiguity. woodland ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture agricultural process A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material. liquid layer A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. solid layer A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice. water ice layer A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested the bush "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush area A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bush#h1 An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric area atmospheric zone A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 vegetated area A liquid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water and is held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" Similar, in spirit, to landform. hydroform Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid air-water interface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid. liquid surface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material. solid surface layer A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. saline water body A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport Advective processes are disjoint from diffusive processes. Typically, fluids are advected. advective transport process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties A water flow process during which movements of water masses caused by varying gravitational and rotational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the water mass, cause waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). tidal flow tidal flow process An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall, and which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation. desert A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. new particle formation process aerosolised particle formation process A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. primary aerosol formation primary aerosol formation process A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An organic environmental material which is primarily composed of gill tissue. gill tissue material An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by the building envelope of a laboratory and in which a system of manufactured products exert control on one or more of its environmental conditions. laboratory environment A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. research laboratory laboratory facility A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. land conversion land development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. land conversion process An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. agricultural land conversion This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. agricultural land conversion process A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. There are multiple systems of land use classification. This hierarchy aims to be generally applicable, but national systems can be added on request. land use process An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. mining terrestrial mining A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans. anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process A planned process during which humans access and obtain resources, benefits, or services from a natural or anthropised ecosystem. planned environmental usage process A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. mining A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 A mining process which occurs in a marine ecosystem. marine mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. This may be either terrestrial or marine. coal mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1507 A land use process during which terrestrial environments are modified such that they can grow crop plants or allow the rearing of animals to provide food, fiber, medicines, or other products used by humans. "Agriculture includes horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming, the breeding and keeping of livestock (including any creature kept for the production of food, wool, skins or fur), the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, osier land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of woodlands where that use is ancillary to the farming of land for other agricultural purposes." agriculture A land use process during which terrestrial environments are modified such that they can grow crop plants or allow the rearing of animals to provide food, fiber, medicines, or other products used by humans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use "Agriculture includes horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming, the breeding and keeping of livestock (including any creature kept for the production of food, wool, skins or fur), the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, osier land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of woodlands where that use is ancillary to the farming of land for other agricultural purposes." https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. transportation usage of an environment for transportation A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/8641 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. transportation usage of an environment for infrastructure and utilities A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4321 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6822 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. residential This class does not include environments which are primarily used for commerce or industry. usage of an environment for residential activity A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7143 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. This class includes environments used to support the facilities engaged with a broad variety of manufacturing activities from food and tobacco, to textiles, metals, vehicles, and chemicals. usage of an environment for industry A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4279 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. This class includes activities carried out in commercial offices, meeting centres, art studios, recording studios, film sets, warehouses, and distribution centres. usage of an environment for business A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1084 A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. body of liquid A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of gaseous material. gaseous astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. 2018-10-04T13:59:22Z fluid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. 2018-10-04T14:04:49Z domestic building A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. 2018-10-04T16:55:57Z land surface a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities surface of an astronomical body A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. 2018-10-04T19:28:01Z aircraft A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface. 2018-10-05T21:12:47Z flattened elevation A pollution process during which artificial light with wavelengths in the visible spectrum is released into the environment. 2019-01-09T09:05:35Z Lichtverschmutzung This form of pollution is typically the result of urbanisation or similar land use change. anthropogenic light pollution Lichtverschmutzung INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. 2019-01-09T09:07:24Z anthropogenic radiation artificial radiation radiation from a manufactured product An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. 2019-01-09T09:21:10Z optical radiation from a manufactured product visible spectrum radiation from a manufactured product Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. 2019-01-14T18:47:32Z congelation congelation process Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. material congelation process A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Land which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:18:19Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround frozen ground Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. frozen land Land which is below the freezing point of water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Soil which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:26:59Z frozen soil A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. 2019-01-31T21:13:16Z freezing A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice. 2019-01-31T21:16:46Z freezing of water into water ice A water surface that is part of a water body. 2019-02-27T21:22:13Z surface layer of a water body An aggregate of raindrops falling to a planetary surface during a precipitation process. 2019-03-02T13:50:58Z rain Rain which is composed of water droplets falling to a planetary surface during a rainfall process. 2019-03-02T13:52:48Z water-based rain An ecoregion which is located on a landmass. 2019-03-05T17:40:44Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biome-categories/terrestrial-ecoregions terrestrial ecoregion A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea. 2019-03-06T01:22:01Z At this level, the depth of this layer is ambiguous. Some methods (telemetry) measure only the first few centimeters of the sea or ocean surface. In situ methods often sample the first few meters. Subclasses can be created for such cases. Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. sea surface layer A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of water, generated by disequilibria in a water mass. 2019-03-19T16:31:41Z Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. water current A layer which is part of a cryosphere. 2019-04-09T13:05:25Z cryospheric layer Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice. 2019-04-09T13:45:40Z ice-bearing permafrost A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. 2019-04-24T18:29:18Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. The scope of this term varies depending on the definition. Some definitions constrain themselves snow or ice added to glaciers; while others also include ice fields, snow cover, and/or floating ice. How to resolve this depends on the scope desired. Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which would be useful for connecting glacier ontologies to atmospheric, hydrologic, etc. ontologies. This information should be captured no matter how the inconsistencies above are resolved. snow accumulation process A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:48:53Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:59:45Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow and ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice. 2019-04-24T19:08:03Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation mass of ice and snow A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. 2019-05-30T21:07:51Z atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from liquid material in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol from liquid material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material. 2019-06-02T07:52:47Z gaseous part of an atmosphere A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure. 2019-06-02T11:07:47Z amorphous solid An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere. 2019-06-03T12:24:09Z atmospheric aerosol A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. 2019-06-24T13:43:29Z aerosol formation process A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas. 2019-08-20T08:28:42Z fluid surface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-07-22T17:29:44Z fluid interface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid. 2019-07-22T17:35:08Z fluid layer A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. 2019-07-22T17:43:32Z fluid front A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses. 2019-07-22T17:50:08Z gaseous front 2 A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. 2019-07-22T17:57:21Z meteorological front This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." weather front A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air. 2019-08-20T07:54:32Z air mass A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material. 2019-08-20T08:30:01Z gaseous surface layer A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-08-20T09:28:10Z interface layer An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material 2019-08-20T09:38:29Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of environmental material An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material 2019-08-20T09:41:27Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of solid material An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. 2019-08-20T09:42:35Z fluid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of fluid An object which is composed primarily of a gas. 2019-08-20T09:44:01Z gaseous mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of gas An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. 2019-08-20T09:45:03Z liquid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of liquid 2 An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity. 2019-08-20T09:47:10Z mass of compounded environmental materials A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. 2019-08-20T13:46:42Z polar front A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. An environment which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T13:58:38Z tropical environment An environment which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. An environment which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T14:50:35Z subtropical environment An environment which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. An environment which is subject to polar environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T14:53:26Z polar environment An environment which is subject to polar environmental conditions. An environment which is subject to subpolar environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T16:37:32Z subpolar environment An environment which is subject to subpolar environmental conditions. An environment which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T16:41:52Z temperate environment An environment which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. An advective transport process during which a fluid moves. 2019-09-05T05:47:26Z mass fluid flow A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. 2019-09-05T06:04:47Z hurricane of the prairie plough winds thundergust straight-line wind A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. 2019-10-07T10:08:24Z This is a very general concept, and should likely be elevated to OBO Core rather than held in ENVO. structural collapse process A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space. 2019-10-07T14:22:38Z subsurface zone of an astronomical body An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. 2019-10-17T08:21:08Z desert ecosystem A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body. 2019-10-17T08:27:17Z part of a landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. 2019-10-17T08:31:26Z landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. 2019-10-17T08:36:00Z compound astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. 2019-10-21T10:42:26Z land A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. An ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a water body. 2019-10-21T11:05:45Z aquatic ecosystem 2019-10-21T11:06:11Z marine ecosystem An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land. 2019-10-21T11:09:58Z terrestrial ecosystem A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:38:45Z tropical broadleaf forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:40:46Z subtropical broadleaf forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:42:38Z temperate broadleaf forest An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem. 2019-10-21T11:52:55Z ecosystem process A mixed forest which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T15:52:50Z temperate mixed forest A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:02:01Z tropical mixed forest A tropical mixed forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2019-10-27T16:05:39Z tropical mixed forest biome A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:43:20Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. tropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:45:16Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. subtropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:46:49Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. temperate forest A grassland ecosystem which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:58:09Z tropical grassland A grassland which is subject to montane environmental conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z montane grassland A grassland which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subtropical grassland A grassland ecosystem which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z temperate grassland A grassland which is subject to subpolar environmental conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subpolar grassland A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. 2019-10-29T14:50:34Z assembled material entity Constructions differ from manufactured products in that they are the output of individual and tailored projects, rather than repetitive processes. construction Constructions differ from manufactured products in that they are the output of individual and tailored projects, rather than repetitive processes. An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material. 2019-10-29T15:02:58Z organic object An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. 2023-09-07T13:10:32Z ecological succession An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. 2023-09-07T13:35:09Z climactic ecological succession An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact. 2023-09-07T16:56:05Z anthropised ecosystem An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions. 2023-09-07T16:58:25Z human settlement A biome which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:56:17Z tropical biome A biome which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:04Z temperate biome A biome which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:36Z subtropical biome A biome which is subject to subpolar climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:58:56Z subpolar biome A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T15:59:35Z alpine biome A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T16:00:33Z montane biome A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions. 2019-11-06T16:06:47Z arid biome A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity. 2020-02-13T13:34:28Z energy transfer process A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. 2020-05-18T14:39:20Z liquid accumulation process An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. 2020-05-19T21:47:51Z gust According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. wind gust An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere. 2020-05-19T22:51:38Z concentration of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:16:23Z geographic feature The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface. surface landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:40:37Z Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it. landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. A desert ecosystem which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T12:21:39Z On Earth, such ecosystems typically comprise ecological communities adapted to intermediate insolation, low rainfall, and large temperature variations between winter and summer. Winter temperatures may fall below 0 degrees Celsius. Some precipitation in this biome may fall as snow. temperate desert ecosystem