# baseURI: https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/analyticalmethod/method
# imports: http://purl.org/dc/terms/
# imports: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema
# imports: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core
@prefix dcterm: .
@prefix meth: .
@prefix owl: .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix rdfs: .
@prefix schema: .
@prefix sdev: .
@prefix sdo: .
@prefix skos: .
@prefix xsd: .
rdf:type dcterm:Agent ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:description "Analytical methods cited in the Astromat database. The database currently contains a compilation of data acquired from meteorites and lunar samples returned by the Apollo missions. The Astromaterials Data System (Astromat, https://www.astromat.org/about/overview/) is a comprehensive data infrastructure to access, publish, and preserve laboratory analytical data generated on astromaterials samples. Astromat aims to ensure the long-term value of astromaterials samples data and maximize their impact on scientific discovery and knowledge."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Astromaterials Data System (Astromat)"@en ;
schema:url "https://www.astromat.org/about/overview/" ;
.
rdf:type dcterm:Agent ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:description "GEOROC (https://georoc.eu/) is a comprehensive collection of published analyses of igneous and metamorphic rocks and minerals. It contains major and trace element concentrations, radiogenic and nonradiogenic isotope ratios as well as analytical ages for whole rocks, glasses, minerals and inclusions. Metadata include geospatial and other sample information, analytical details and references. Digital Geochemical Data Infrastructure (DIGIS) will continue and enhance GEOROC, originally curated by the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. Labels for analytical methods from GEOROC were compiled by Marthe Klocking, University of Gottingen, Germany, and in collaboration with Annika Johansson (IEDA, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, see PetDB agent) mapped to labels for techniques from PetDB; the compilation included definitions that were reviewed and enhances in some cased in this vocabulary."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans and Continents (GEOROC)"@en ;
rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/643369.html" ;
schema:url "https://georoc.eu/" ;
schema:url "https://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/" ;
.
rdf:type dcterm:Agent ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:description "vocabulary contributed by Manja Luzi, editor, under the auspices of the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam (Geo.X, https://www.geo-x.net/en/), vocabulary used for information managment at Geo.X. Sources include NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD), 2021, GCMD Keywords, Version 11.1, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). GCMD Keyword Forum Page https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords; German Research Foundation, 2021, Instrumentation category key. URL: https://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/programmes/infrastructure/scientific_instrumentation/category_key/index.html (Downloadable versions of the instrumentation category key are provided in German only.); IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry): Compendium of Analytical Terminology, current project title: Vocabulary of Concepts and Terms in Analytical Chemistry - the revised Orange Book. 4th edition: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. URL: https://iupac.org/project/2012-005-1-500; U.S. Geological Survey, 2021, USGS Thesaurus. URL: https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=2; EarthChem Library, 2021, Geochemistry Data Templates. URL: https://www.earthchem.org/ecl/templates/; Georef Thesaurus. Edited by Barbara A. Goodman. 11th edition: American Geological Institute, 2008. URL: https://www.americangeosciences.org/information/georef/thesaurus/lists"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Geo.X" ;
schema:url "https://www.geo-x.net/en/" ;
.
rdf:type dcterm:Agent ;
dcterm:contributor "Premkumar Elangovan" ;
dcterm:description "Analytical methods requested based on metbase data. Metbase is a compilation of meteorite data published between 1492 and today, built by scientists for scientists and released exclusively online. More than 500,000 data of meteorite analyses are stored in MetBase, including Bulk chemical compositions, Major/minor/trace elements in iron meteorites, Mineral chemistry, Cosmogenic radionuclides, Light stable isotopes, Noble gas isotopes, TL data, porosities, and densities."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Meteorite Information Database (Metbase)"@en ;
schema:url "https://metbase.org/content/introduction" ;
.
rdf:type dcterm:Agent ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:description "Analytical methods planned for the investigation of sample material returned from asteroid Bennu by the OSIRIS-REx mission (https://www.asteroidmission.org/). Some method descriptions that only have orex listed as source are from the O-REx Confluence web content. The mission sample analysis team has been compiling descriptions of analytical techniques planned, and the dictionary of planned methods has been shared with Astromat data managers and been made available for this compilation. (https://curation.isas.jaxa.jp/symposium/abstract/2021/S6-2_Connolly.pdf)"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "OSIRIS-REx Sample Analysis Team"@en ;
schema:url "https://www.asteroidmission.org/" ;
.
rdf:type dcterm:Agent ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:description "Methods compiled from PetDB database by Annika Johansson and mapped to GEOROC and Astromat method labels. PetDB is an integrated data synthesis through which you can access chemical, isotopic, and mineralogical data from peer-reviewed literature. (https://www.earthchem.org/resources/support/petdb-documentation/)"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "PetDB" ;
schema:url "https://www.earthchem.org/resources/support/petdb-documentation/" ;
.
meth:acceleratormassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:skooghollercrouch ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Accelerator mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "In this technique, the target element is first chemically separated from the sample before it is placed in a sample holder in the AMS instrument. The sample element is then bombarded by cesium ions to sputter the analyte element from the sample as negative ions. The analyte ions are then accelerated down a beam tube by a positive potential difference of several million volts, passed through an electron stripper to convert them to positive ions, and accelerated back down the beam tube toward common potential where ion velocities approach a few percent of the speed of light. Using a series of magnetic and electrostatic mass filters, the ion beam containing all isotopes of the analyte element is then separated into separate beams containing the (usually unstable) isotope of interest and other isotopes, and each of the isotopes is counted by a separate detector. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 271). Components: 1) sample preparation: chemical concentration of analyte; 2) ionization: ion beam; 3) mass analyzer: accelerator Mass spectrometer; 4) detector: not specified."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "A-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Accelerator mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:acidreactioncarbonateanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Acid reaction carbonate analysis"@en ;
skos:broader meth:wetchemistry ;
skos:definition "Determination of calcium carbonate content by reaction with an acid and determining the quantity of CO2 produced. Different techniques use different acids and CO2 production measurement approaches."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ARCA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Acid reaction carbonate analysis"@en ;
.
meth:adsorptionanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto2/6/coulter/ss000107.htm" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Adsorption analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ADSORPTION"@en ;
skos:broader meth:physicalpropertymeasurement ;
skos:definition "The gas adsorption technique may used to measure the specific surface area and pore size distribution of powdered or solid materials. The dry sample is usually evacuated of all gas and cooled to a temperature of 77K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen. At this temperature inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and krypton will physically adsorb on the surface of the sample. This adsorption process can be considered to be a reversible condensation or layering of molecules on the sample surface during which heat is evolved. Nitrogen gas is ideal for measuring surface area and pore size distribution. (http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto2/6/coulter/ss000107.htm)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ADS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Adsorption analysis"@en ;
.
meth:afmtopographyimaging
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://lnf-wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy" ;
rdfs:label "AFM topography imaging"@en ;
skos:broader meth:atomicforcemicroscopy ;
skos:broader meth:imagingtechniques ;
skos:broader meth:surfaceanalysis ;
skos:definition "a sharp probe tip mounted on a microcantilever scans over the specimen line by line, whereby the topographic image of the sample surface is generated by 'feeling' rather than 'looking.' (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_496). As the tip approaches the surface, the close-range, attractive forces between the surface and the tip causes the cantilever to deflect towards the surface. However, as the cantilever is brought even closer to the surface, until the tip makes contact with it, increasingly repulsive forces takes over and causes the cantilever to deflect away from the surface. (https://lnf-wiki.eecs.umich.edu/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "AFMT" ;
skos:prefLabel "AFM topography imaging"@en ;
.
meth:alphaparticlecounting
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Alpha particle counting"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ALPHA COUNTING ISOTOPE DILUTION"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ALPHA COUNTING"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ALPHA PARTICLE DECAY COUNTING"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ALPHA-DECAY COUNTING"@en ;
skos:broader meth:particlecounting ;
skos:definition "The count rate of alpha particles emitted form the surface of a sample; used to assess concentration of U, Th, other radiogenic elements"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ALPHA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Alpha particle counting"@en ;
.
meth:alphaparticlespectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-particle_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Alpha particle spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Alpha spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTOPE-DILUTION ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:particlespectrometry ;
skos:definition "Analysis of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-particle_spectroscopy)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ALPHA-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Alpha particle spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:alpharecoiltrackcounting
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Alpha recoil track counting"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ALPHA-RECOIL TRACKS DATING"@en ;
skos:broader meth:geochronology ;
skos:broader meth:trackcounting ;
skos:definition "Like fission-track dating, alpha-recoil track (ART) dating is based on the accumulation of nuclear particles that are released by natural radioactivity and produce etchable tracks in solids. ARTs are formed during the alpha-decay of uranium and thorium as well as of their daughter nuclei. When emitting an alpha-particle, the heavy remaining nucleus recoils 30-40 nm, leaving behind a trail of radiation damage. Through etching the ART tracks become visible with interference phase-contrast microscopy. Alpha-recoil dating has a great potential for Quaternary chronometry and tephrochronology. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00185-0)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ART" ;
skos:prefLabel "Alpha recoil track counting"@en ;
.
meth:amperometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Amperometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electrochemicaltechniques ;
skos:definition "Technique based on measurement of current at a controlled applied potential. Application: monitoring of carbon monoxide in air, dissolved oxygen in water (Clark electrode), glucose in blood (glucose electrode). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109). "@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "AMP" ;
skos:prefLabel "Amperometry"@en ;
.
meth:analyticalmethod
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Analytical method"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Analytical technique"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Other"@en ;
skos:altLabel "UNKNOWN"@en ;
skos:definition "Procedures that operate on material samples to produce observation results with information about the physical properties, chemical or isotopic composition, crystallography, or molecular structure of the sample."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:prefLabel "Analytical method"@en ;
skos:topConceptOf meth:method ;
.
meth:angleofreposemeasurement
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Angle of repose measurement"@en ;
skos:broader meth:physicalpropertymeasurement ;
skos:definition "A granular sample is poured to create a cone or slope at the maximum angle of stability. This slope could be directly measured with a angle tool, or better yet should be analyzed from a 3d reconstruction of the scene. Various techniques might be used to reconstruct the shape of the cone."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ARM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Angle of repose measurement"@en ;
.
meth:anionchromatographyanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Anion chromatography analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ANION CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:ionchromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "Anion-exchange chromatography is when the stationary phase is positively charged and negatively charged molecules are loaded to be attracted to it. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ANC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Anion chromatography analysis"@en ;
.
meth:atomicabsorptionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Atomic absorption spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ATOMIC ABSORPTION"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Atomic absorption spectrophotometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Atomic absorption spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MICROABSORPTION ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MICROABSORPTION"@en ;
skos:broader meth:opticalspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Analytical technique used to measure a wide range of elements in materials such as metals, pottery and glass, based on absorption of light by free metallic ions. The sample is accurately weighed and then dissolved, often using strong acids. The resulting solution is sprayed into the flame of the instrument and atomized. Light of a suitable wavelength for a particular element is shone through the flame, and some of this light is absorbed by the atoms of the sample. Individual elements will absorb wavelengths differently, and these absorbances are measured against standards. The amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the element in the solution, and hence in the original object. Measurements are made separately for each element of interest in turn to achieve a complete analysis of an object, and thus the technique is relatively slow to use. However, it is very sensitive and it can measure trace elements down to the part per million level, as well as being able to measure elements present in minor and major amounts. The method requires standards with known analyte content to establish the relation between the measured absorbance and the analyte concentration. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy; (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis-learning-center/trace-elemental-analysis-tea-information/atomic-absorption-aa-information.html)). Although it is a destructive technique (unlike ED-XRF), the sample size needed is very small (typically about 10 milligrams - i.e. one hundredth of a gram) and its removal causes little damage. Additional information available at http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/science/text/techniques/sr-tech-aas-t.html"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "AA-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Atomic absorption spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:atomicforcemicroscopy
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source "" ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy" ;
rdfs:label "Atomic force microscopy "@en ;
skos:broader meth:physicalpropertymeasurement ;
skos:definition "a high-resolution, non-optical imaging technique that uses a cantilever with a sharp tip to scan over a sample surface. AFM can be used to image almost any type of surface, including polymers, ceramics, composites, glass, and biological samples. AFM can also be used to measure and localize many different forces, including adhesion strength, magnetic forces, and mechanical properties."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "AFM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Atomic force microscopy"@en ;
.
meth:atomprobetomography
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_probe" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Atom probe tomography"@en ;
skos:broader meth:imagingtechniques ;
skos:definition "To conduct an atom probe experiment a very sharp needle shaped specimen is placed in an ultra high vacuum chamber. After introduction into the vacuum system, the sample is reduced to cryogenic temperatures (typically 20-100 K) and manipulated such that the needle's point is aimed towards an ion detector. A high voltage is applied to the specimen, and either a laser pulse is applied to the specimen or a voltage pulse (typically 1-2 kV) with pulse repetition rates in the hundreds of kilohertz range is applied to a counter electrode. The application of the pulse to the sample allows for individual atoms at the sample surface to be ejected as an ion from the sample surface at a known time. Typically the pulse amplitude and the high voltage on the specimen are computer controlled to encourage only one atom to ionize at a time, but multiple ionizations are possible. The delay between application of the pulse and detection of the ion(s) at the detector allow for the computation of a mass-to-charge ratio. The method is destructive in nature removing ions from a sample surface in order to image and identify them, generating magnifications sufficient to observe individual atoms as they are removed from the sample surface. Through coupling of this magnification method with time of flight mass spectrometry, ions evaporated by application of electric pulses can have their mass-to-charge ratio computed. Through successive evaporation of material, layers of atoms are removed from a specimen, allowing for probing not only of the surface, but also through the material itself.The instrument allows the three-dimensional reconstruction of up to billions of atoms from a sharp tip (corresponding to specimen volumes of 10,000-10,000,000 nm3). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_probe)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "APT" ;
skos:prefLabel "Atom probe tomography"@en ;
.
meth:augerelectronspectroscopy
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auger_electron_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Auger electron spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electronspectrometry ;
skos:definition "a form of electron spectroscopy that relies on the Auger effect, based on the analysis of energetic electrons emitted from an excited atom after a series of internal relaxation events.Surface sensitivity in Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) arises from the fact that emitted electrons usually have energies ranging from 50 eV to 3 keV and at these values, electrons have a short mean free path in a solid. The escape depth of electrons is therefore localized to within a few nanometers of the target surface, giving AES an extreme sensitivity to surface species (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auger_electron_spectroscopy)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "AUGER" ;
skos:prefLabel "Auger electron spectroscopy"@en ;
.
meth:backscatteredelectrongrainboundarymap
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:label "Backscattered electron grain boundary imaging"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electronmicroscopyimaging ;
skos:definition "Image showing grain boundaries generated by detecting crytallographic orientation changes in a raster of backscattered electron diffraction data points."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "BSE-GB" ;
skos:prefLabel "Backscattered electron grain boundary imaging"@en ;
.
meth:backscatteredelectronimaging
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Backscattered electron imaging"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Backscatter electron microscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electronmicroscopyimaging ;
skos:definition "Techniques that involve bombarding a sample with an accelerated electron beam to produce backscattered electrons. An image is formed by scanning the beam in a raster across the sample surface and measuring the intensity (count?) of backscattered electrons at each sample point. BSEs are reflected back after elastic interactions between the beam and the sample. BSE images show high sensitivity to differences in atomic number; the higher the atomic number, the brighter the material appears in the image. (https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/sem-signal-types-electrons-and-the-information-they-provide/)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "BSE" ;
skos:prefLabel "Backscattered electron imaging"@en ;
skos:related ;
.
meth:benchchemistry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
rdfs:label "Bench chemistry "@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Analytical techniques performed by an analyst mixing and handling chemicals directly, not employing any of the high-tech devices or theoretical approaches that may be associated with the most state-of-the-art aspects of the discipline."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:prefLabel "Bench chemistry "@en ;
.
meth:betacounting
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:label "Beta counting"@en ;
skos:broader meth:particlecounting ;
skos:definition "detection and quantification of beta-emitting radioactive material. Beta counters are used to characterize the decay of short-lived radionuclides."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "BETA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Beta counting"@en ;
.
meth:bioanalyticalmethod
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smrAddGeneralGeoX ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Bioanalytical method"@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Analytical technique to determine biochemical properties of samples from living organisms, particularly related to genomics or 'omics in general."@en ;
skos:editorialNote "This section is very incomplete; techniques that occur in source repository data are included, but this is mostly a hook for a more comple vocabulary of bioanalytical methods, out of scope at this time 2023-03-14."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:prefLabel "Bioanalytical method"@en ;
.
meth:broadbeamxrayspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Broad beam X-ray spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "BROAD BEAM ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:broader meth:xrayspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Technique to induce X-ray emission using a broad (large diameter) ion or electron beam as the excitation. [inferred from https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/30/060/30060365.pdf, but not really clear what is meant here...]"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "BB-X-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Broad beam X-ray spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:capacitancedilatometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatometer" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Capacitance dilatometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:physicalpropertymeasurement ;
skos:definition "Measurement of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion in a solid material, using a parallel plate capacitor with a one stationary plate, and one moveable plate. When the sample length changes, it moves the moveable plate, which changes the gap between the plates. The capacitance is inversely proportional to the gap. Changes in length of 10 picometres can be detected. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatometer)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CAPD" ;
skos:prefLabel "Capacitance dilatometry"@en ;
.
meth:carbonatebombanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Carbonate bomb analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBONATE BOMB"@en ;
skos:broader meth:acidreactioncarbonateanalysis ;
skos:definition "Treatment of a sample with HCl in a closed instrument creates CO2 pressure porportional to the CaCO3 content of the sample (Muller and Gastner, 1971, https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/27239/1/Mll1971a.pdf)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CB" ;
skos:prefLabel "Carbonate bomb analysis"@en ;
.
meth:catalyticcombustionanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Catalytic combustion analysis"@en ;
skos:broader meth:combustioninfraredspectrometry ;
skos:definition "[might be:] The 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method achieves total combustion of samples by heating them to 680 degree C in an oxygen-rich environment inside TC combustion tubes filled with a platinum catalyst. Since this utilizes the simple principle of oxidation through heating and combustion, pretreatment and post-treatment using oxidizing agents are unnecessary, which enhances operability. The carbon dioxide generated by oxidation is detected using an infrared gas analyzer (NDIR). (https://www.shimadzu.eu.com/680-%C2%B0c-combustion-catalytic-oxidation-method-measurement-principles; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0304420388900436)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CCOMB" ;
skos:prefLabel "Catalytic combustion analysis"@en ;
.
meth:cathodoluminescenceimaging
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.delmic.com/en/techniques/cathodoluminescence" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Cathodoluminescence imaging"@en ;
skos:altLabel "High resolution cathodoluminescence"@en ;
skos:broader meth:imagingtechniques ;
skos:definition "In a vacuum chamber containing the sample of interest, an electron beam is focused on the sample, causing cathodoluminescence (CL), the generation of electromagnetic radiation ranging from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR) regime of the electromagnetic spectrum. The light is collected with a collection optic (e.g. mirror or objective) and directed to a light detection unit, or directly captured by a detector in the chamber. This detector output is used to characterize various aspects of the light signal such as its intensity, color, and more. Many trace elements or dopants can be sensitively detected with CL because they have different optical transitions than the bulk materials they are embedded in. It is possible to look at crystal defects as these can alter the local optical properties of the material. CL can also image optical resonances and guided modes in a range of (resonant) photonic and plasmonic systems. (https://www.delmic.com/en/techniques/cathodoluminescence)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CL" ;
skos:prefLabel "Cathodoluminescence imaging"@en ;
.
meth:cationchromatographyanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Cation chromatography analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Cation Chromatography"@en ;
skos:broader meth:ionchromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "Cation-exchange chromatography is used when the molecule of interest is positively charged. The molecule is positively charged because the pH for chromatography is less than the pI (a/k/a pH(I)). In this type of chromatography, the stationary phase is negatively charged and positively charged molecules are loaded to be attracted to it. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CCR" ;
skos:prefLabel "Cation chromatography analysis"@en ;
.
meth:cavityenhancedabsorptionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laser_absorption_spectrometry§ion=4" ;
rdfs:label "Cavity enhanced absorption spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:laserabsorptionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "technique to increase sensitivity of laser absorption spectrometry by placing analyzed gas in a cavity with mirrors such that the light bounces back and forth, increasing the interaction length between the light and the sample."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CE-A-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Cavity enhanced absorption spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:cavityringdownspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity_ring-down_spectroscopy" ;
dcterm:source "https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/KeywordViewer/scheme/all/9a61fcbd-c75f-4940-939f-6e4c7d84d643" ;
rdfs:label "Cavity ring-down spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:cavityenhancedabsorptionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "In CRDS, the beam from a single-frequency laser diode enters a cavity defined by two or more high reflectivity mirrors. When the laser is on, the cavity quickly fills with circulating laser light. A fast photodetector senses the small amount of light leaking through one of the mirrors to produce a signal that is directly proportional to the intensity in the cavity. When the photodetector signal reaches a threshold level (in a few tens of microseconds), the continuous wave (CW) laser is abruptly turned off. The light already within the cavity continues to bounce between the mirrors (about 100,000 times), but because the mirrors have slightly less than 100% reflectivity (99.999%), the light intensity inside the cavity steadily leaks out and decays to zero in an exponential fashion. This decay, or \"ring down\", is measured in real-time by the photodetector, and the amount of time it takes for the ring down to happen is determined solely by the reflectivity of the mirrors (for an empty cavity). When a gas species that absorbs the laser light is introduced into the cavity, a second loss mechanism (absorption) is introduced, which accelerates the ring down time. Analysis of the ring down time of the cavity with and without absorption due to the target gas species can be used to calculate the concentration of the absorbing substance in the gas mixture in the cavity. Comparison of the ring down time of the cavity with and without any absorbing gas is accomplished by tuning the laser first to a wavelength where the gas absorbs light, and then to a wavelength where the gas does not absorb light."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CRD-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Cavity ring-down spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:charmographanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Charmograph analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CHARMOGRAPH"@en ;
skos:broader meth:acidreactioncarbonateanalysis ;
skos:definition "Carbonate was determined with a Charmograph 6 (Wosthoff). The sample was heated in 2 N phosphoric acid and the released carbon dioxide passed through a 0.05 N sodium hydroxide solution. Carbonate concentrations were calculated from the conductivity changes of the sodium hydroxide solution (https://drs.nio.org/drs/bitstream/handle/2264/7525/J_Geophys_Res_C_101_28569.pdf)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CHARM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Charmograph analysis"@en ;
.
meth:chromatographyanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Chromatography analysis"@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent (gas or liquid) called the mobile phase, which carries it through a system (a column, a capillary tube, a plate, or a sheet) on which a material called the stationary phase is fixed. The different constituents of the mixture travel at different apparent velocities in the mobile fluid, causing them to separate. The separation is based on the differential partitioning between the mobile and the stationary phases. The purpose of chromatography analysis is to establish the presence or measure the relative proportions of analytes in a mixture. The result is a chromatogram (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CR" ;
skos:prefLabel "Chromatography analysis"@en ;
.
meth:colormetricanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/colorimetric-analysis" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Colormetric analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "COLORIMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:wetchemistry ;
skos:definition "A method of chemical analysis in which reagents are added to a solution to form coloured compounds with specific elements. The intensity of the colour, measured on a spectrophotometer, is proportional to the concentration of the element. ('colorimetric analysis .' A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Encyclopedia.com. 21 Dec. 2022 .)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "COL" ;
skos:prefLabel "Colormetric analysis"@en ;
skos:related meth:spectrophotometry ;
.
meth:combustionanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Combustion_Analysis.htm" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Combustion analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "COMBUSTION"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TOTAL COMBUSTION ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TOTAL COMBUSTION"@en ;
skos:broader meth:benchchemistry ;
skos:definition "Technique for determination of empirical and molecular formulas for compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen or carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The steps for this procedure are: 1) Weigh a sample of the compound to be analyzed; 2) Burn the compound completely. 3) H2O and CO2 are drawn through two tubes. One tube contains a substance that absorbs water, and the other contains a substance that absorbs carbon dioxide. Weigh each of these tubes before and after the combustion. The increase in mass in the first tube is the mass of H2O that formed in the combustion, and the increase in mass for the second tube is the mass of CO2 formed. Assume that all the carbon in the compound has been converted to CO2 and trapped in the second tube. Calculate the mass of carbon in the compound from the mass of carbon in the measured mass of CO2 formed. Assume that all of the hydrogen in the compound has been converted to H2O and trapped in the first tube. Calculate the mass of hydrogen in the compound from the mass of hydrogen in the measured mass of water. If the compound contains oxygen as well as carbon and hydrogen, calculate the mass of the oxygen by subtracting the mass of carbon and hydrogen from the total mass of the original sample of compound. (https://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Combustion_Analysis.htm)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "COMB" ;
skos:prefLabel "Combustion analysis"@en ;
.
meth:combustiongaschromatography
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "" ;
rdfs:label "Combustion gas chromatography"@en ;
skos:broader meth:gaschromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "Method in which an analytical sample is decomposed by heating in an oxygen atmosphere to induce combustion, and analyzing the combustion products by gas chromatography"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GC-C" ;
skos:prefLabel "Combustion gas chromatography"@en ;
.
meth:combustiongaschromatographyisotopicratiomassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Combustion gas chromatography isotopic ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:combustiongaschromatography ;
skos:broader meth:gaschromatographymassspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:isotoperatiomassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Technique used to ascertain the relative ratio of light stable isotopes of carbon (13C/12C), hydrogen (2H/1H), nitrogen (15N/14N) or oxygen (18O/160) in individual compounds separated from often complex mixtures of components. The sample solution is injected into the gas chromatography (GC) inlet where it is vaporized and swept onto a chromatographic column by the carrier gas (usually helium). The sample flows through the column and the compounds comprising the mixture of interest are separated by virtue of their relative interaction with the coating of the column (stationary phase) and the carrier gas (mobile phase). Carbon and nitrogen compounds eluting from the chromatographic column then pass through a combustion reactor (an alumina tube containing Cu, Ni and Pt wires maintained at 940 degree C) where they are oxidatively combusted. This is followed by a reduction reactor (an alumina tube containing three Cu wires maintained at 600 degree C) to reduce any nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. For hydrogen and oxygen a high temperature thermal conversion reactor is required. Water is then removed in a water separator by passing the gas stream through a tube constructed from a water permeable nafion membrane. The sample is then introduced into the ion source of the mass analyzer by an open split interface, and particles with m/z ratios of interest are counted by detectors."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "C-GC-IR-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Combustion gas chromatography isotopic ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:combustioninfraredspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Combustion infrared spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "COMBUSTION-INFRARED ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "COMBUSTION-INFRARED TECHNIQUE"@en ;
skos:broader meth:infraredspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Composite process, with combustion of sample and infrared spectrographic analysis of constituents. [Need more information -- ?emission or absorption?, is light from the combution analyzed, or does it produce an extract that is then passed to the spectrometer? ]"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CIR-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Combustion infrared spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:combustionionchromatography
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.teinstruments.com/faq/combustion-ion-chromatography/" ;
dcterm:source "https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/IQLAAAGADHFAMJMBIQ" ;
rdfs:label "Combustion Ion Chromatography"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Combustion Ion Chromatography"@en ;
skos:broader meth:ionchromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "Samples are pyrolyzed in an oxidizing atmosphere, the resultant vapors are absorbed in an aqueous solution, then introduced directly into an ion chromatography system for analysis."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CIC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Combustion Ion Chromatography "@en ;
.
meth:compressiontest
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Compression test"@en ;
skos:broader meth:physicalpropertymeasurement ;
skos:definition "Uniaxial squeezing a single mm to sub-mm sample particle between two rigid metallic pistons for quantitative determination of mechanical properties (elastic modulus, crushing strength, critical flaw length at failure, and fracture behavior)."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "COMPT" ;
skos:prefLabel "Compression test"@en ;
.
meth:confocalxrayfluorescencespectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.xos.com/Confocal-XRF" ;
rdfs:label "Confocal X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:xrayfluorescencespectrometry ;
skos:definition "The confocal geometry uses two polycapillary focusing optics for enhanced applications of XRF elemental analysis. An excitation optic focuses a small X-ray beam onto the specimen. A detection optic collects fluorescent X-rays from the sample. Specifically, elemental concentrations are measured within the small probe volume ('confocal volume') defined by the intersection of the output focal spot of the excitation optic and the input focal spot of the collection optic. The polycapillary focusing optics act as spatial filters to eliminate background radiation from the sample and increase detection sensitivity for sample elements of interest. Additionally, confocal XRF can be used for elemental depth profiling. Confocal XRF acts as a material probe by exciting and detecting emitted characteristic X-ray photons from within the confocal analysis volume as this volume is through the sample. In this way elemental concentrations can be measured on the object's surface and throughout the object's interior. (https://www.xos.com/Confocal-XRF)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CXRF" ;
skos:prefLabel "Confocal X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:continuousflowisotoperatiomassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ELEMENTAL ANALYSER CONTINUOUS FLOW ISOTOPIC RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ELEMENTAL ANALYZER CONTINUOUS-FLOW ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:elementalanalysismassspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:isotoperatiomassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Isotope-Ratio mass spectrometry that extracts analytes from a sample using elemental analyzer with a contintuous flow of gas to be atomized, ionized and passed to the mass analyzer. Components: 1) elemental analyzer; 2) continuous flow input. 3) mass analyzer 4) detectors. Analyzed aliquots are gas."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "CF-IR-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:coulometricalanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Coulometrical analysis"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electrochemicaltechniques ;
skos:definition "Coulometry uses either an applied current or potential to exhaustively convert an analyte from one oxidation state to another at the working electrode. In these experiments, the total current passed is measured directly or indirectly to determine the number of electrons passed. Knowing the number of electrons passed, extract the concentration of the analyte (Timothee Houssin, ... Vincent Senez, in Waterborne Pathogens (Second Edition), 2021)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "COUL" ;
skos:prefLabel "Coulometrical analysis"@en ;
.
meth:desorptionelectrosprayionizationorbitrapmassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:label "Desorption electrospray ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:orbitrapmassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "technique in which sample ionization is achieved by a process in which a spray of charged droplets is directed towards the sample. When the spray impacts the sample, a thin layer of solvent is formed into which the analytes may dissolve. As other primary droplets arrive at the sample surface, they splash secondary microdroplets containing the dissolved analytes from the solvent film. This mechanism causes analyte-containing droplets to be generated in the open air, and then delivered to the mass spectrometer through a heated extended capillary. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3205348). After the desorption process, ionization occurs via mechanisms that are similar to those of electrospray ionization, in which a high voltage is applied to a liquid to create an aerosol (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrospray_ionization). Mass analysis is done with an Orbitrap mass analyzer. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitrap)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DESI-OT-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Desorption electrospray ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:deuteronactivationanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Deuteron activation analysis"@en ;
skos:broader meth:particleinducedactivationanalysis ;
skos:definition "irradiate sample with deuterons, measure gamma ray spectrum (https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02520983). Deuterons are nuclei of deuterium atoms, consisting of a proton and a neutron."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DDA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Deuteron activation analysis"@en ;
.
meth:dietrichfruhlingcalcimetry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.gabbrielli.com/en/prodotto/dietrich-fruhling-calcimeter/" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Dietrich-Fruhling calcimetry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DIETRICH-FRUHLING CALCIMETER"@en ;
skos:broader meth:acidreactioncarbonateanalysis ;
skos:definition "Instrument consisting of a sample-holder, one serpentine for cooling and one graduated cylinder with readings on the result of reaction between calcium carbonate and diluted chloridric acid. Since the volume of CO2 (carbonic anhydride) is in relationship with CaCO2 (carbonate contained in the material) it shall be possible to calculate the percentage of CaCO3. (https://www.gabbrielli.com/en/prodotto/dietrich-fruhling-calcimeter/)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DFCALC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Dietrich-Fruhling calcimetry"@en ;
.
meth:differentialscanningcalorimetry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "DFG" ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Differential scanning calorimetry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Heat-flow DSC" ;
skos:altLabel "Heat-flow DSC"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Power compensation DSC" ;
skos:altLabel "Power compensation DSC"@en ;
skos:altLabel "xDSC" ;
skos:broader meth:thermalanalysis ;
skos:definition "Technique where either the difference between heat flow rates into a sample and a reference material is measured (heat-flow DSC) or the difference between the electrical powers into a sample and a reference material is measured (power compensation DSC). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2012-0609). A technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. By observing the difference in heat flow between the sample and reference, differential scanning calorimeters are able to measure the amount of heat absorbed or released during phase transitions. DSC may also be used to observe more subtle physical changes, such as glass transitions. It is widely used in industrial settings as a quality control instrument due to its applicability in evaluating sample purity and for studying polymer curing. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DSC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Differential scanning calorimetry"@en ;
.
meth:differentialthermalanalyis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:label "Differential thermal analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Differential analyzer"@en ;
skos:broader meth:thermalanalysis ;
skos:definition "Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a technique in which the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference. This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. DTA is similar to differential scanning calorimetry."@en ;
skos:editorialNote "GEOROC groups 'THERMOGRAVIMETRIC AND DIFFERENTIAL ANALYZER' as one technique, split into two techniques in this vocabulary."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DTA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Differential thermal analysis"@en ;
.
meth:directcurrentplasmaemissionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/prospect/ontology.asp?id=CMO:0000265" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Direct current plasma emission spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DCAES" ;
skos:altLabel "DIRECT-CURRENT PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:plasmaemissionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "A type of atomic emission spectrometry where a plasma generated by passing an electrical discharge between two electrodes is used as the excitation source. (https://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/prospect/ontology.asp?id=CMO:0000265&MSID=b200027j)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DC-AE-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Direct current plasma emission spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:directcurrentplasmaspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Direct current plasma spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DIRECT CURRENT PLASMA (FURTHER DETAIL NOT PROVIDED)"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DIRECT-CURRENT PLASMA SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:plasmaopticalspectrometry ;
skos:definition "A type of spectrometry where a plasma generated by passing an electrical discharge between two electrodes is used as the excitation source. Could be absorption, emission or transmission spectral analysis."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DCP-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Direct current plasma spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:directshearstrengthmeasurement
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Direct shear strength measurement"@en ;
skos:broader meth:physicalpropertymeasurement ;
skos:definition "A shear stress is applied to a cubic sample until it fails (subdivides) by shear fracturing. The ultimate shear strength of the sample is determined from the peak of the resulting shear stress versus shear displacement curve"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DSSM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Direct shear strength measurement"@en ;
.
meth:dnasequencing
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "DNA sequencing"@en ;
skos:broader meth:bioanalyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Determination of nucleotide sequence (the DNA primary structure). (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://www.degruyter.com/database/IUPAC/entry/iupac.90.0262/html)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DNAS" ;
skos:prefLabel "DNA sequencing"@en ;
.
meth:dualinletisotoperatiomassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope-ratio_mass_spectrometry" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:isotoperatiomassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Mass spectrometry technique. Components: 1) sample preparation, extract gas, purify; 2) ionization: not specified. Isotope-Ratio mass spectrometry that uses dual inputs to compare and calibrate sample measurement. In dual inlet IRMS, purified gas obtained from a sample is alternated rapidly with a standard gas (of known isotopic composition) by means of a system of valves, so that a number of comparison measurements are made of both gases. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope-ratio_mass_spectrometry). Analyzed aliquots are gas."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "DI-IR-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Dual inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:electricalconductivitymeasurement
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddinstmethodsgeox ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electrical conductivity measurement"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electrochemicaltechniques ;
skos:definition "Methods used to measure the electrical conductivity of a sample in an electrochemistry cell."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ECM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electrical conductivity measurement"@en ;
.
meth:electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.biologic.net/topics/what-is-eis/" ;
dcterm:source "https://www.jlab.org/conferences/tfsrf/Thursday/Th2_1-EIS%20intro%20Reece.pdf" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:altLabel "IMPEDANCE ELECTROCHEMICAL SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electrochemicaltechniques ;
skos:definition "tool to investigate properties of materials and electrode reactions. the response of the system (ionic solution and electrodes) to a potential or current sinusoidal perturbation is studied as a function of the frequency, which is swept over a few decades. The frequency sweep enables access to all processes taking place at the electrode: charge transfer and mass transport. Any other electrical contribution and artefacts are visible with EIS. (https://www.biologic.net/topics/what-is-eis/). Electrochemical impedance is the response of an electrochemical system (cell) to an applied potential. The frequency dependence of this impedance can reveal underlying chemical processes. (https://www.jlab.org/conferences/tfsrf/Thursday/Th2_1-EIS%20intro%20Reece.pdf)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EI-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy"@en ;
.
meth:electrochemicaltechniques
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smrAddGeneralGeoX ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electrochemical techniques"@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Techniques that use electron movement in an oxidation or reduction reaction at a polarized electrode surface to determine chemical properties of an analyte. Each analyte is oxidized or reduced at a specific potential and the current measured is proportional to concentration. Electrochemistry is widely used for measurement of a wide range of analytes. (Bhavik A. Patel, in Electrochemistry for Bioanalysis, 2020)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electrochemical techniques"@en ;
.
meth:electronbackscatterdiffraction
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "DFG" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electron backscatter diffraction"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electrondiffraction ;
skos:definition "a flat/polished crystalline specimen is placed in the SEM chamber at a highly tilted angle (~70degree from horizontal) towards the diffraction camera, to increase the contrast in the resultant electron backscatter diffraction pattern. The phosphor screen is located within the specimen chamber of the SEM at an angle of approximately 90degree to the pole piece and is coupled to a compact lens which focuses the image from the phosphor screen onto the CCD camera. In this configuration, some of the electrons which enter the sample backscatter and may escape. As these electrons leave the sample, they may exit at the Bragg condition related to the spacing of the periodic atomic lattice planes of the crystalline structure and diffract. These diffracted electrons can escape the material and some will collide and excite the phosphor causing it to fluoresce. Acquired with EMPA, SEM, TEM"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EBSD" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electron backscatter diffraction"@en ;
.
meth:electrondiffraction
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smrAddGeneralGeoX ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electron diffraction"@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Electron diffraction is a technique that allows determination of the crystal structure of materials. When the electron beam is projected onto a specimen, its crystal lattice acts as a diffraction grating, scattering the electrons in a predictable manner, and resulting in a diffraction pattern. Electron diffraction patterns are mainly contributed by elastic scattering. (X Zhou, G.E. Thompson, in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2017)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ED" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electron diffraction"@en ;
.
meth:electronenergylossspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_energy_loss_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:label "Electron energy loss spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electronspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:particlebeamexcitation ;
skos:definition "a material is exposed to a beam of electrons with a known, narrow range of kinetic energies. Some of the electrons will undergo inelastic scattering, which means that they lose energy and have their paths slightly and randomly deflected. The amount of energy loss can be measured via an electron spectrometer and interpreted in terms of what caused the energy loss. With some care, and looking at a wide range of energy losses, one can determine the types of atoms, and the numbers of atoms of each type, being struck by the beam. The scattering angle (that is, the amount that the electron's path is deflected) can also be measured, giving information about the dispersion relation of whatever material excitation caused the inelastic scattering. Most common approach today is transmission EELS, in which the incident electrons pass entirely through the material sample. Usually this occurs in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), although some dedicated systems exist which enable extreme resolution in terms of energy and momentum transfer at the expense of spatial resolution. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_energy_loss_spectroscopy, https://eels.info/about/techniques/eels-0)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EEL-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electron energy loss spectrometry"@en ;
skos:related ;
.
meth:electroninducedxrayspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electron induced X-ray spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:xrayspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Technique to induce X-ray emission using an electron beam as the excitation, and measuring the energy spectra of emitted X-rays. Various X-ray emission peaks are associated with electron energy level quatum intervals for particular elements."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EI-X-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electron induced X-ray spectrometry"@en ;
skos:related ;
skos:related ;
.
meth:electronmicroscopyimaging
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electron microscopy imaging"@en ;
skos:altLabel "AEM" ;
skos:altLabel "ANAYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:imagingtechniques ;
skos:broader meth:particlebeamexcitation ;
skos:definition "Technique that produces images by scanning an electron beam over a sample surface and measureing the intensity of electrons emitted from or transmitted through the sample."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "SEM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electron microscopy imaging"@en ;
.
meth:electronspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electron spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:particlespectrometry ;
skos:definition "Analysis based on measuring the energy of electrons emitted from or that have interacted with a sample. Particular kinds of interactions and emission processes can be related to particular constituents in the sample."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EL-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electron spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:electronspinresonanceageanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin_resonance_dating" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electron spin resonance age analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE AGE ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE AGE"@en ;
skos:broader meth:geochronology ;
skos:definition "a technique used to date materials by measuring the amount of unpaired electrons in crystalline structures that were previously exposed to natural radiation. The age of a substance can be determined by measuring the dosage of radiation since the time of its formation. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_spin_resonance_dating). electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons. The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_paramagnetic_resonance)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ESR" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electron spin resonance age analysis"@en ;
.
meth:electrothermalabsorptionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Electrothermal absorption spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:atomicabsorptionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "A type of atomic absorption spectrometry where the sample is atomised using a probe which is rapidly heated by passing a current through it."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ET-AA-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Electrothermal absorption spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:elementalanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source sdev:LAB01 ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemental_analysis" ;
rdfs:label "Elemental analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN SULFUR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON HYDROGEN SULFUR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON NITROGEN SULFUR ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON NITROGEN SULFUR ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON SULFUR ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON SULFUR ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON SULPHUR ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CHNS ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CNS ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ELEMENTAL ANALYSER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ELEMENTAL ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Elemental analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MICROSCOPE VACUUM HEATING STAGE" ;
skos:altLabel "THERMAL CONVERSION ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "THERMAL CONVERSION ELEMENTAL ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Technique to quantify carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and sometimes other elements by heating the sample at very high temperature (pyrolysis) in oxygen or oxygen free atmosphere, and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. The products typically undergo some chemical refinement, with the final product analyzed by mass spectrometry or infrared/optical spectroscopy. Usually used for samples including organic material. (http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemental_analysis)."@en ;
skos:editorialNote "map GEOROC 'MICROSCOPE VACUUM HEATING STAGE' to this technique based on data reported for technique: CO2, H2O, S."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Elemental analysis "@en ;
.
meth:elementalanalysisinfraredspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:label "Elemental analysis infrared spectrometry "@en ;
skos:altLabel "Direct Mercury Analyzer"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Elemental analysis infrared spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRARED QUANTIFICATION AND HIGH TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRARED QUANTIFICATION AND HIGH TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION"@en ;
skos:broader meth:elementalanalysis ;
skos:definition "Technique that uses an elemental analyzer (typically a pyrolysis process to extract volatile components in the sample) to extract the aliquots (typically as gas) to be analyzed using infrared spectrometry."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EA-IR-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Elemental analysis infrared spectrometry "@en ;
.
meth:elementalanalysisisotoperatiomassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Elemental analyzer - isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:elementalanalysismassspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:isotoperatiomassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Measurement and study of the relative abundances of the different isotopes of an element in a material using a mass spectrometer which is coupled with an elemental analyzer. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06). Isotope and chemical analysis of H, C, N, O and S in a sample. (OSIRIS-REx confluence)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EA-IR-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:elementalanalysismassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Elemental analysis mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Elemental analyzer mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "elemental analyzer-mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:elementalanalysis ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Mass spectrometry method that uses an elemental analyzer (typically a pyrolysis process to extract volatile components in the sample) to extract the aliquots (typically as gas) to be atomized and passed to the mass analyzer. "@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EA-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Elemental analysis mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:emissionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_emission_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Emission spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DIRECT READING OPTICAL EMISSIONS SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DROES" ;
skos:broader meth:opticalspectrometry ;
skos:definition "is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample. The wavelength of the atomic spectral line in the emission spectrum gives the identity of the element while the intensity of the emitted light is proportional to the number of atoms of the element. The sample may be excited by various methods: flame, inductively coupled plasma, and spark being the most common. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_emission_spectroscopy)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "E-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Emission spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:energydispersiveelectroninducedxrayspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Energy Dispersive electron induced X-ray spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Elemental spectra (ESPC) measurements"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE-ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE-ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAYS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY SPECTROMETER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ENERGY DISPERSIVE XRAY SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TEM-EDS" ;
skos:altLabel "TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY- ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:electroninducedxrayspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:energydispersivexrayspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Analysis of X-ray spectra generated by electron beam excitation using a Transmission electron microscope instrument"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EI-ED-X-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Energy dispersive electron induced X-ray spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:energydispersivexrayfluorescencespectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.xos.com/EDXRF" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE"@en ;
skos:altLabel "energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA)"@en ;
skos:altLabel "energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDX)"@en ;
skos:altLabel "energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDXS)"@en ;
skos:broader meth:energydispersivexrayspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:xrayfluorescencespectrometry ;
skos:definition "an X-ray Fluorescence techniques used for elemental analysis applications. In EDXRF spectrometers, all of the elements in the sample are excited simultaneously, and an energy dispersive detector in combination with a multi-channel analyzer is used to simultaneously collect the fluorescence radiation emitted from the sample and then separate the different energies of the characteristic radiation from each of the different sample elements. Resolution of EDXRF systems is dependent upon the detector, and typically ranges from 150 eV -- 600 eV. The principal advantages of EDXRF systems are their simplicity, fast operation, lack of moving parts, and high source efficiency. (https://www.xos.com/EDXRF; Chai et al, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ED-XF-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:energydispersivexrayspectraraster
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:label "Energy dispersive X-ray spectral data 2D raster"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Energy-dispersive X-ray spectral data (EDS) - 2D raster"@en ;
skos:broader meth:xraymap ;
skos:definition "production of composition-related images by selecting particular X-ray wavelength intervals from a set of EDS spectra acquired in a raster on a sample surface. If one wavelenth interval is rpresented, get gray scale image. Can combine data from 3 intervals to generate more informative RGB images."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EDS-M" ;
skos:prefLabel "Energy dispersive X-ray spectral data 2D raster"@en ;
.
meth:energydispersivexrayspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:skooghollercrouch ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Energy dispersive spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:xrayspectrometry ;
skos:definition "A method for obtaining information about isolated portions of an X-ray spectrum, achieved electronically with devices that discriminate among various parts of a spectrum based on the energy rather than the wavelength of the radiation. The sample is exposed to a polychromatic (multiple wavelength) source (X-rays, or other energetic particles, e.g. electrons), and the resulting X-rays from the sample are analyzed by detectors with various electronic components required for energy discrimination. The X-ray spectrum is analyzed (in comparison to standards) to provide quantitative or qualitative analysis of constituents in the sample. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 289)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ED-X-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:energyfilteredtransmissionelectronimaging
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem" ;
rdfs:label "Energy-filtered transmission electron imaging"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:transmissionelectronimaging ;
skos:definition "The principle is to illuminate a very thin specimen with a beam of high energy electrons. Some of these electrons will interact with the specimen and result in elastic or inelastic scattering. Inelastic scattering results in both a loss of energy and a change in momentum, which in the case of inner shell ionization, the energy loss is characteristic of the element the electron interacted with. After the electron energy loss spectrum forms in the energy filter, an adjustable energy slit allows only electrons that have not lost energy to pass through to form the image. This is known as zero-loss filtering. The filtering prevents inelastically scattered electrons from contributing to the image plus enhances contrast image and resolution. In addition to zero-loss filtering, you can adjust the system to select electrons that have lost a specific amount of energy to obtain additional contrast effects and compositionally sensitive images. (https://eels.info/about/techniques/eftem)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EFTEM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Energy-filtered transmission electron imaging"@en ;
.
meth:epithermalneutronactivationanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:skooghollercrouch ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Epithermal neutron activation analysis"@en ;
skos:broader meth:neutronactivationanalysis ;
skos:definition "method based on the measurement of the radioactivity or radiation produced in samples when they are irradiated with neutrons (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 842). Epithermal neutrons have energies greater than thermal neutrons, but less than fast neutrons, 0.5 eV to 0.5 MeV. They can be described as incompletely moderated neutrons which are destined to become thermalised."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ENAA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Epithermal neutron activation analysis"@en ;
.
meth:extendedxrayabsorptionfinestructure
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:label "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure"@en ;
skos:broader meth:xrayabsorptionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "X-ray absorption analysis in which the fine structure of the adsorption spectrum in the range 30 eV to 1 keV above the adsorption edge is used to measure the number and species of neighbouring atoms, their distance from the selected atom, and the thermal or structural disorder of their positions. In the EXAFS region, interference between the wave functions of the core and neighbouring atoms gives a periodic pattern that contains information characterizing the arrangement of atoms, including the number and type of neighbouring atoms and their distance to the absorbing atom. The method uses synchrotron radiation. (Chai et al, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "EXAFS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure"@en ;
.
meth:fastneutronactivationanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smrAdd ;
dcterm:source "https://elementalanalysis.com/naa/" ;
rdfs:label "Fast neutron activation analysis"@en ;
skos:broader meth:neutronactivationanalysis ;
skos:definition "Method based on reactions with high-energy (14MeV) neutrons produced by a specialized small accelerator known as a neutron generator. FNAA is a rapid non-destructive technique used for the determination of lighter elements such as Nitrogen and Oxygen, and can routinely achieve precisions of 1-2% RSD of complex matrices. (https://elementalanalysis.com/naa/)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FNAA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Fast neutron activation analysis"@en ;
.
meth:fireassayemissionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Fire assay emission spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "NICKEL SULFIDE FIRE ASSAY ISOTOPE DILUTION ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "NICKEL SULFIDE FIRE ASSAY ISOTOPE DILUTION"@en ;
skos:altLabel "xFEMS" ;
skos:broader meth:emissionspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:wetchemistry ;
skos:definition "Used for Platinum group element (PGE) analyses. The sample is decomposed by heating with nickel sulfide to form a button that is then dissolved in acid. PGE constituents remain in the insoluble residue. After filtering, the residue is dissolved with aqua regia or a mixture of HCl and H2O2 and then determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FA-E-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Fire assay emission spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:fissiontrackcounting
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Fission track counting"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FISSION TRACK"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTHERMAL PLATEAU FISSION TRACK ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTHERMAL PLATEAU FISSION TRACK"@en ;
skos:broader meth:geochronology ;
skos:broader meth:trackcounting ;
skos:definition "Fission track age with correction applied for partial annealing using Isothermal plateau correction (https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(92)90017-V)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FT" ;
skos:prefLabel "Fission track counting"@en ;
.
meth:flameemissionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Flame emission spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY (FLAME PHOTOMETRY)"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FLAME EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FLAME PHOTOMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:emissionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Emission spectrometry in which emission of photons is induced by introducing the sample into a flame."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FL-E-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Flame emission spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:flowcytometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=2&code=400" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Flow cytometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:bioanalyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Laboratory technique to determine the amount of DNA in cells tagged by fluorescent dye by measuring the intensity of fluorescence under a laser beam. (USGS; https://apps.usgs.gov/thesaurus/thesaurus-full.php?thcode=2&code=400). More generally, a technique for examining populations of cells or particles by suspending them in a fluid and passing them through a tube (ideally each particle individually discernible), and probing with a laser or other excitation source that will identify the particles of interest so they can be counted."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FCM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Flow cytometry"@en ;
.
meth:fluorescencemicroscopy
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:nasagcmd ;
dcterm:source "http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/fluorhome.html" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Fluorescence microscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:microscopy ;
skos:definition "Fluorescence microscopy is capable of imaging the distribution of a single molecular species based solely on the properties of fluorescence emission. Thus, using fluorescence microscopy, the precise location of intracellular components labeled with specific fluorophores can be monitored, as well as their associated diffusion coefficients, transport characteristics, and interactions with other biomolecules. In addition, the dramatic response in fluorescence to localized environmental variables enables the investigation of pH, viscosity, refractive index, ionic concentrations, membrane potential, and solvent polarity in living cells and tissues. Fluorescence is the property of some atoms and molecules to absorb light at a particular wavelength and to subsequently emit light of longer wavelength after a brief interval, termed the fluorescence lifetime. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/fluorhome.html"@en ;
skos:exactMatch ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Fluorescence microscopy"@en ;
.
meth:fluorescencespectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:nasagcmd ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Fluorescence spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FLUOROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Fluorescence Spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Fluorimetry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SFM" ;
skos:altLabel "Spectrofluorometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:photonspectrometry ;
skos:closeMatch ;
skos:definition "measurement the [energy, power?] of fluorescent radiation produced by a sample exposed to monochromatic radiation, used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a sample (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorometer). A type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample. It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light; typically, but not necessarily, visible light (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "F-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Fluorescence spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:fluorescentinsituhybridization
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Fluorescent in situ hybridization"@en ;
skos:broader meth:bioanalyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Cytogenetic technique used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. It uses fluorescent probes that only bind to those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of sequence complementarity. Note: FISH is often used for finding specific features in DNA for use in genetic counselling, medicine, and species identification. FISH can also be used to detect and localize specific RNA targets (mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA) in cells, circulating tumor cells, and tissue samples. In this context, it can help define the spatial-temporal patterns of gene expression within cells and tissues. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://www.degruyter.com/database/IUPAC/entry/iupac.90.0262/html)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FISH" ;
skos:prefLabel "Fluorescent in situ hybridization"@en ;
.
meth:focusedionbeamscanningmicroscopy
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Focused ion beam scanning microscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:imagingtechniques ;
skos:broader meth:particlebeamexcitation ;
skos:definition "Production of images by scanning an ion beam in a raster across a sample surface and detecting secondary or backscattered electrons from each point to generate an image. Instrument used is typically an electron microscope that has an additional ion beam excitation source."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FIB-SEM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Focused ion beam scanning microscopy"@en ;
.
meth:fouriertransforminfraredspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:skooghollercrouch ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Fourier transform infrared spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FOURIER TRANSFORM IR SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:infraredspectrometry ;
skos:definition "A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas. Light from a polychromatic infrared source is collimated and directed to a beam splitter. Half the light is directed to a fixed mirror and the rest to a moving mirror. The light from the two paths is recombined, resulting in constructive or destructive interference that is a function of wavelength in the polychromatic light source and the path retardation determined by different path lengths from the moving mirror. The recombined light is focused on the sample and reflected or transmitted light is refocused onto a detector. The difference in optical path length between the two arms to the interferometer is known as the retardation or optical path difference (OPD). An interferogram is obtained by varying the retardation and recording the signal from the detector for various values of the retardation. The interferogram when no sample is present is used as a reference to compare. When a sample is present the background interferogram is modulated by the presence of absorption bands in the sample. The interferogram is converted to a spectrum by Fourier transformation. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy, Skoog, Holler & Crouch p. 188-192)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FT-IR-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Fourier transform infrared spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:fouriertransformioncyclotronresonancemassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "analysis of polar/apolar solvent-soluble organics can be performed using extremely high resolution mass spectrometry to identify molecular formulas (but not structures) with the elements C, H, O, N, S, Mg, Cl in a mixture. "@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "FTICR-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:gammacounting
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gamma counting"@en ;
skos:broader meth:particlecounting ;
skos:definition "counting gamma rays emitted spontaneously from a sample; by looking at the the distribution of energy and frequency of the emitted gamma rays, the presence of elements emitting those gamma rays can be estimated."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GAMMA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gamma counting"@en ;
.
meth:gammarayspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gamma ray spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GAMMA SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:photonspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Technique that measures the energy of gamma-rays emitted by a sample over a spectrum of wavelengths. By comparing the measured spectral distribution and energy to the known energy of gamma-rays produced by radioisotopes, the identity of the emitter can be determined."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GR-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gamma ray spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:gaschromatographyanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:smrAddGeneralGeoX ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gas chromatography analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ELECTRON CAPTURE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:chromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "A chromatography analysis in which the mobile phase is a gas. Subclasses are differentiated on the sample preparation workflow (e.g. pyrolysis) and the type of detector used to analyze the eluates. This vocabulary does not define an exhaustive set of subclasses."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gas chromatography analysis"@en ;
.
meth:gaschromatographyflameionizationdetection
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gas chromatography flame ionization detection"@en ;
skos:broader meth:gaschromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "A gas chromatography method that uses a flame ionization detector (FID) to measure the concentration of organic species in a gas stream emerging from the column. An FID typically uses a Hydrogen/Air flame into which the sample is passed to oxidize organic molecules and produces electrically charged particles (ions). The ions are collected and produce an electrical signal which is then measured. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GC-FID" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gas chromatography flame ionization detection"@en ;
.
meth:gaschromatographymassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gas chromatography mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:gaschromatographyanalysis ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Technique by which a mixture is separated into individual components by gas chromatography, followed by detection with a mass spectrometer. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GC-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gas chromatography mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:gaschromatographythermalconductivitydetection
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gas chromatography thermal conductivity detection"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Gas chromatography thermal conductivity detector"@en ;
skos:altLabel "THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY DETECTOR ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY DETECTOR"@en ;
skos:broader meth:gaschromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "A gas chromatography method that uses a Thermal Conductivity Detector to analyze inorganic gases (Argon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, etc.) and small hydrocarbon molecules emerging from the chromatography column. The TCD compares the thermal conductivity of two gas flows - the pure carrier (reference) gas and the sample. Changes in the temperature of the electrically-heated wires in the detector are affected by the thermal conductivity of the gas which flows around this. The changes in this thermal conductivity are sensed as a change in electrical resistance and are measured. (NASA; UUID: f54fd6d0-9705-4f45-8c78-7eaba058b1b6)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GC-TCD" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gas chromatography thermal conductivity detection"@en ;
.
meth:gaspycnometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_pycnometer" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gas pycnometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "helium pycnometer"@en ;
skos:broader meth:physicalpropertymeasurement ;
skos:definition "Measurement of the volume of a solid object, employing some method of gas displacement and the volume:pressure relationship known as Boyle's Law. The methods uses two chambers, one (with a removable gas-tight lid) to hold the sample and a second chamber of fixed, known (via calibration) internal volume -- referred to as the reference volume or added volume. The device has a valve to admit a gas under pressure to one of the chambers, a pressure measuring device -- usually a transducer -- connected to the first chamber, a valved pathway connecting the two chambers, and a valved vent from the second of the chambers. The volume of the sample is calculated from the known volumne of the empty sample chamber, the volume of the reference volume chamber, the pressure after gas is admitted to the sample chamber, and the pressure after expansion of the gas into both chambers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_pycnometer)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GPYC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gas pycnometry"@en ;
.
meth:geochronology
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
rdfs:label "Geochronology techniques"@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Analytical techniques that have results interpreted to indicate the time interval since some event occurred in the history of a sample. Typically used to estimate crystallization ages, cooling ages (thermochronology), or exposure ages."@en ;
skos:editorialNote "This section is very incomplete; techniques that occur in source repository data are included, but this is mostly a hook for a more complete vocabulary of geochronology methods, out of scope at this time 2023-03-14."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:prefLabel "Geochronology techiques"@en ;
.
meth:geochronology40ar39ar
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "40Ar-39Ar geochronology"@en ;
skos:altLabel "40Ar/39Ar geochronology and thermochronology"@en ;
skos:broader meth:geochronology ;
skos:definition "determination of cooling age of a sample through one of several workflows. All the workflows involve irradiating the sample to produce Ar39 from K39, and then measuring the ratio of Ar40 to Ar39 in the irradiated sample. The Ar39 is a proxy for the potassium concentration, allowing determination of the temporal duration of K decay to accumulate radiogenic Ar since cooling of the sample below argon retention temperature."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ARGT" ;
skos:prefLabel "40Ar-39Ar geochronology"@en ;
.
meth:glowdischargemassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/products-services/technical-advisory-services/glow-discharge-mass-spectrometry-gdms-analysis" ;
dcterm:source "https://www.massint.co.uk/glow-discharge-ms/gdms.php" ;
rdfs:label "Glow discharge mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Mass spectrometry using a source in which argon atoms in a low-density plasma impact the sample surface, sputtering atoms from the sample that are then ionized in the plasma and accelerated into the mass analyzer. Samples are analyzed in solid form. The sputtering and ionization approach is free from the matrix dependence response affecting most other elemental analysis techniques, minimizing the need for matrix matched standards."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GD-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Glow discharge mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:gradientionchromatographyanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gradient ion chromatography analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GRADIENT ION-CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Gradient ion chromatography"@en ;
skos:broader meth:ionchromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "By varying the concentration of the eluant, ions with widely differing affinities for the separator resin can be eluted in one run (https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Technical-Notes/tn-19-ic-gradient-elution-lpn032834-en.pdf). Components: 1) sample prep: load sample in solution; 2) elution - column, vary concentration of eluent; 3) detection- not specified"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GIO" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gradient ion chromatography analysis"@en ;
.
meth:gravimeticanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry#Gravimetric_analysis" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gravimetric analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GRAVIMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:wetchemistry ;
skos:definition "Gravimetry is the measurement of weight, a gravitational field, or density (Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gravimetry. Accessed 6 Feb. 2023.) Gravimetric analysis measures the weight or concentration of a solid that has either formed from a precipitate or dissolved in a liquid. ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_chemistry#Gravimetric_analysis; https://www.allthescience.org/what-is-bench-chemistry.htm)."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "GRAV" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gravimetric analysis"@en ;
.
meth:gutzeittest
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Gutzeit test"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ARSINE GUTZEIT REACTION"@en ;
skos:broader meth:wetchemistry ;
skos:definition "technique to detect arsenic, based on the reaction of arsenic gas with hydrogen ion to form yellow stain on mercuric chloride paper in presence of reducing agents like potassium iodide. It is also called as Gutzeit test and requires special apparatus. [not clear if this is quantitative or qualitative] (https://www.web-formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Limit_Test_of_Arsenic.aspx; C.R. Sanger and O.F. Black, 1907, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 297-324.)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ARS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Gutzeit test"@en ;
.
meth:highresolutioninductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "High resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (deprecated)"@en ;
skos:broader meth:inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Mass spectrometry technique. Components 1) sample preparation: not specified; 2) ionization: Inductively-coupled plasma. 3) mass analyzer in which the the aperture width of the entrance slit situated between the ion optics and the mass analyzer, and an exit slit located between the mass analyzer and the detector assembly can be controlled. The narrower the slits are positioned, the higher the resolution (and lower the sensitivity); the wider the slits, the higher the sensitivity (and lower the resolution). (R. ArevaloJr., in Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), 2014)"@en ;
skos:historyNote "2024-02-22 SMR deprecate after team meeting discussion. Remove inScheme link to the conceptScheme. Any of the ICP MS techniques might be high resolution, and whether analyses were done in high-resolution modes is not always obvious in the data. Add high-resolution label in skos:altLabel."@en ;
skos:notation "HRICPMS" ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:prefLabel "High resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (deprecated)"@en ;
.
meth:hybridizationassay
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_assay" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Hybridization assay"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DNA hybridization capture"@en ;
skos:broader meth:bioanalyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Assay with specifically designed single-stranded DNA probe with a defined (known) nucleotide sequence usually immobilized on a surface (in such a case, the nucleic acid probe is called the capture probe). Note: The probe is used as a recognition element to test for the nucleotide sequence within the target DNA in the sample solution. If target DNA contains a sequence complementary to the probe, a hybrid dsDNA is formed. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/iupac.90.0262, https://www.degruyter.com/database/IUPAC/entry/iupac.90.0262/html). A type of Ligand Binding Assay (LBA) used to quantify nucleic acids in biological matrices. Hybridization assays can be in solution or on a solid support such as 96-well plates or labelled beads. Hybridization assays involve labelled nucleic acid probes to identify related DNA or RNA molecules (i.e. with significantly high degree of sequence similarity) within a complex mixture of unlabelled nucleic acid molecules. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybridization_assay)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "HYA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Hybridization assay"@en ;
.
meth:imagingtechniques
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
rdfs:label "Imaging techniques"@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Methods that produce 2-D or 3-D rasters that contain information about a sample, with data points that are spatially related to points on in the sample."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:prefLabel "Imaging techniques"@en ;
.
meth:inductionheatinganalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Induction heating analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTION HEATING"@en ;
skos:broader meth:thermalanalysis ;
skos:definition "a technique for evaluation of the self-heating characteristics of particles? [based on interpretation of https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.0c03332, not much online about this technique]. See also https://iris.unipv.it/bitstream/11571/1178389/6/After_revision.pdf . [would appear to be methods of analyzing the effectiveness of heating objects by electromagnetic induction] 'Induction heating (IH) is commonly used for heating and heat treatment. An accurate prediction of temperature distribution is required to optimize the heating parameters.... temperature-dependent B (magnetic flux density)-H (magnetic field strength) curves and changes in phase transformation under rapid heating were measured and used for IH analysis' ( https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2018-552)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IH" ;
skos:prefLabel "Induction heating analysis"@en ;
.
meth:inductivelycoupledplasmaemissionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ICPES" ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA (FURTHER DETAIL NOT PROVIDED)"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TOTAL DIGESTION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:plasmaemissionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "technique for determining the composition of a sample by heating it to the point that the material emits photons, and analyzing the wavelenth of the emitted photons. The sample is heated to emission temperatures using an inductively coupled plasma"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ICP-E-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FUSION-INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "HIGH-RESOLUTION INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "HIGH-RESOLUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY ISOTOPE DILUTION"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTOPE-DILUTION HIGH-RESOLUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTOPE-DILUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SECTOR FIELD INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:plasmasourcemassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Mass spectrometry technique in which the sample is introduced into an inductively coupled plasma to atomize and ionize the sample for inlet to mass analyzer. Components: 1) sample processing- dissolution, isotope dilution; 2) ionization: Inductively coupled plasma"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ICP-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:inductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:inductivelycoupledplasmaemissionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "technique for determining the composition of a sample by heating it to the point that the material emits light, and analyzing the wavelenth of the emitted ultraviolet to visible wavelength light. The sample is heated to emission temperatures using and inductively coupled plasma. The ICP-OES is an optical emission spectrophotometric technique that requires samples to be in solution form. The solution gets introduced to the hot plasma, which excites the electrons that emit energy at a given wavelength as they return to ground state. Each element emits energy at a specific wavelength according to its chemical character. The intensity of the energy emitted at a specific wavelength is proportional to the concentration of that particular sample. The elemental composition can be determined by comparing to a set of reference standards. The final elemental composition can be expressed as ppm or mg/L."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ICP-OE-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:infraredabsorptionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Infrared absorption spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRARED GAS ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRARED GAS ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:broader meth:infraredspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Identify composition of gas(es) in a sample by detecting the absorption of infrared wavelengths that are characteristic of that gas. Infrared energy is emitted from a heated filament. By optically filtering the energy, the radiation spectrum is limited to the absorption band of the gas being measured. A detector measures the energy after the infrared energy has passed through the gas to be measured. This is compared to the energy at reference condition of no absorption. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_gas_analyzer)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IR-A-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Infrared absorption spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:infraredopticalspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddgencategory ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Infrared optical spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:infraredspectrometry ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:prefLabel "Infrared optical spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:infraredphotometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Infrared photometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:photometry ;
skos:definition "measurement of the luminance, luminous intensity, or luminance of an infrared light source;"@en ;
skos:editorialNote "note that photometry is defined to weigh output results with the wavelength response of the human eye, but infrared light is not visible to the human eye, so this is apparently an incoherent concept."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IRP" ;
skos:prefLabel "Infrared photometry"@en ;
.
meth:infraredreflectance
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Infrared reflectance"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRARED REFLECTION MOISTURE ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:broader meth:photometry ;
skos:definition "measurement of the luminance, luminous intensity, or luminance of infrared light light reflected from a sample;"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IRM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Infrared reflectance"@en ;
.
meth:infraredspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://conductscience.com/the-basics-of-infrared-spectrophotometry/" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Infrared spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:photonspectrometry ;
skos:definition "The infrared spectrometer (or spectrophotometer) measures the relative amount of energy as a function of the wavelength/frequency of the infrared radiation when it passes through a sample. The two types of the infrared spectrometer are dispersive infrared spectrometer (DS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIS). (https://conductscience.com/the-basics-of-infrared-spectrophotometry/)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IR-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Infrared spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:infraredtransmissionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Infrared transmission spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TRANSMISSION IR SPECTROSCOPY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:infraredspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:transmissionspectrometry ;
skos:definition "In transmission IR spectroscopy, IR radiation is passed through a sample. Some of the IR radiation is absorbed by the sample and some of it is passed through (transmitted). The resulting spectrum represents the molecular absorption and transmission, creating a molecular fingerprint of the sample. (Q. Ye, P. Spencer, in Material-Tissue Interfacial Phenomena, 2017)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IR-T-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Infrared transmission spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:instrumentalneutronactivationanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:skooghollercrouch ;
dcterm:source "https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html" ;
dcterm:source "https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental-neutron-activation-analysis-inaa" ;
rdfs:label "Instrumental neutron activation analysis "@en ;
skos:broader meth:neutronactivationanalysis ;
skos:definition "method based on the measurement of the radioactivity or radiation produced in samples when they are irradiated with neutrons (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 842). Quantification of the elemental nuclei of interest is usually performed by gamma ray spectroscopy. Quantification of elements is accomplished by comparison with standards typically processed in the same manner. (https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/instrumental-neutron-activation-analysis-inaa, https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/INAA.html). Instrumental indicates that no chemical pretreatment is performed on the sample prior to the irradiation process. The samples are simply packaged, irradiated for the specified length of time, allowed to decay, then counted, and the element results verified and reported. (https://elementalanalysis.com/naa/). Components: 1) sample irradiation 2) gamma ray spectrometry"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "INAA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Instrumental neutron activation analysis"@en ;
.
meth:ionchromatographyanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:nasagcmd ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Ion chromatography analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "HIGH-PERFORMANCE ION CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Ion chromatography"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Ion exchange chromatography"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LIQUID ION CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "PYROHYDROLYSIS COMBINED WITH ION CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:liquidchromatographyanalysis ;
skos:closeMatch ;
skos:definition "liquid chromatography analysis using conductivity detectors where a combination of weak ionic solvents are used to separate anions and cations of a solution, with the contribution of the solvent to conductivity suppressed just prior to detection; measures anions such as sulfate, nitrate, and chloride in hydrometers. Chromatography in which separation is based mainly on differences in the ion-exchange affinities of the sample components. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0111)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Ion chromatography analysis"@en ;
.
meth:ionsensitiveelectrodeanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:skooghollercrouch ;
dcterm:source "https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Ion sensitive electrode analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ION SENSITIVE ELECTRODE"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SPECIFIC ION ELECTRODE ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SPECIFIC ION ELECTRODE"@en ;
skos:broader meth:potentiometry ;
skos:definition "measurements of the potential of ion-selective electrodes is used to determine activity (not concentration) of ions. Such electrodes are relatively free from interference and provide a rapid and convenient means for quantitative estimations of numerous important anions and cations. The method is based on measuring the potential of electrochemical cells without drawing appreciable current. (Skoog, Holler, & Crouch, p. 601; https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ISE" ;
skos:prefLabel "Ion sensitive electrode analysis"@en ;
.
meth:isotoperatiomassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/science/related-instrument/isotope-ratio-mass-spectrometry/1795" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND CONTINUOUS FLOW ISOTOPE RATIO MONITORING MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) leverages magnetic sector mass spectrometry to enable high-precision measurement of the stable isotope content of a sample. Typical measurements target hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen analyses, although elements with masses up to and including sulfur can be measured. Solid, liquid, or gas phase samples are converted to simple gases then introduced to the IRMS. During analysis, an electron impact source ionizes sample-derived gas which is then accelerated down a flight tube, separated by mass, and quantified using a series of Faraday cups. (https://www.emsl.pnnl.gov/science/related-instrument/isotope-ratio-mass-spectrometry/1795)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IR-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Isotope ratio mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:laserablationinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "EXCIMER LASER ABLATION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "FEMTO LASER MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MAGNETIC SECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA LASER ABLATION (FURTHER DETAIL NOT PROVIDED)"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION DOUBLE-FOCUSING MAGNETIC SECTOR FIELD INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION MICROPROBE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION MICROPROBE INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION MICROPROBE MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION MULTICOLLECTOR ICPMS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION PLASMA IONISATION MULTI-COLLECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION-INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-TIME OF FLIGHT-MASS SPECROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER PROBE MICROANALYSIS INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:laserablationmassspectrometry ;
skos:closeMatch ;
skos:definition "Mass spectrometry technique in which a laser beam is focused on a spot on the sample surface to atomize sample material from that spot, for subsequent introduction in to inductively coupled plasma to ionize for inlet into mass analyzer. Components 1) sample prepartion: polished surface 2) ionization: laser, inductively coupled plasma. Point analysis."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LA-ICP-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:laserablationmassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Laser ablation mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER-MICROPROBE ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SINGLE CRYSTAL LASER FUSION ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SINGLE CRYSTAL LASER FUSION TECHNIQUE"@en ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Mass spectrometry technique in which a laser beam is focused on a spot on the sample surface to atomize sample material from that spot, for subsequent ionization and intlet to mass analyzer. Compononets 1) sample prepartion: polished surface 2) ionization: laser. Point analysis."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LA-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laser ablation mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:laserablationresonanceionizationmassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:label "Laser ablation resonance ionization mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Laser ablation resonance ionization mass spectrometry "@en ;
skos:altLabel "laser ablation resonance ionisation mass spectrometer"@en ;
skos:broader meth:laserablationmassspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:resonanceionizationmassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "A portion of a solid sample is vaporized by a laser; ablated atoms and molecules, are both neutral and charged. Charged particles are usually swept away by an electric field, and one or more pulsed lasers tuned to specific resonances in the element of interest are passed through the remaining neutral cloud to affect efficient ionization of that element, while other elements and molecules are largely unaffected. The photoions are then extracted into the mass analyzer, commonly a time-of-flight analyzer."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LA-RI-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laser ablation resonance ionization mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:laserabsorptionspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://new.abb.com/products/measurement-products/analytical/laser-gas-analyzers" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Laser absorption spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LIQUID-WATER ISOTOPE ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LIQUID-WATER ISOTOPE ANALYZER"@en ;
skos:altLabel "OA-ICOS" ;
skos:altLabel "Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS)"@en ;
skos:broader meth:opticalspectrometry ;
skos:definition "quantitative measurements of gas temperature and composition based on the amount of light that is absorbed at a given excitation wavelength, proportional to the fraction of molecules in the absorbing quantum state. Molecules can absorb photons at certain wavelengths which causes them to transition from a lower energy level to an upper energy level."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "L-A-S" ;
skos:note "Related resource: Liquid-Water Isotope Analyzer uses tunable, off-axis integrated-cavity High-Resolution Laser Absorption Spectroscopy to measure hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition (delta 18O and delta 2H) in liquid water samples. (https://eal.ucmerced.edu/instrumentation/water-isotope-analyzer; https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:43008377)"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Laser absorption spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:laserfluorinationanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Laser fluorination mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "IR-laser fluorination mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LAF" ;
skos:altLabel "LASER FLUORINATION"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Laser Assisted Fluorination for Bulk Oxygen Isotope Ratio Measurements"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Laser fluorination analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "in situ ultraviolet laser fluorination"@en ;
skos:altLabel "infrared laser fluorination"@en ;
skos:broader meth:isotoperatiomassspectrometry ;
skos:broader meth:wetchemistry ;
skos:definition "Technique wherein oxygen is quantitatively extracted from oxygen-bearing compounds, without isotopic fractionation, and simultaneously converted to diatomic oxygen (O2) gas, and then analyzed with isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) to determine its delta 17O and delta 18O ratios. (https://sil.uoregon.edu/laser-fluorination/)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LF-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laser fluorination mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:laserinducedbreakdownspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://appliedspectra.com/technology/libs.html" ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser-induced_breakdown_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:label "Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:emissionspectrometry ;
skos:definition """rapid chemical analysis technique that uses a short laser pulse to create a micro-plasma on the sample surface. The highly energetic laser pulse is focused on sample surface to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites atoms from the sample, which then emit light that is spectroscopically analyzed. Advantages include: 1) minimal sample preparation; 2)
fast measurement time (second) for a single spot analysis; 3) Broad elemental coverage, including lighter elements, such as H, Be, Li, C, N, O, Na, and Mg; 4) ability to raster the sample surface and make depth profiles; 5) Thin-sample analysis with no substrate interference. A typical detection limit of LIBS for heavy metallic elements is in the low-PPM range. LIBS is applicable to a wide range of sample matrices that include metals, semiconductors, glasses, biological tissues, insulators, plastics, soils, plants, soils, thin-paint coating, and electronic materials."""@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LIB-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:laserionizationmassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Laser ionization mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTOPE-DILUTION RESONANCE-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER PLASMA IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "RESONANCE-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "resonance ionisation mass spectrometer"@en ;
skos:broader meth:plasmasourcemassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Technique that uses laser to induce plasma ionization. The laser plasma is sustained between a pneumatic nebulizer and the inlet capillary of the mass analyzer. To maintain stable conditions in the droplet-rich spray environment, the plasma was directly fed by the fundamental output (lambda = 1064 nm) of a laser. Ionization by the laser-driven plasma resulted in signals of intact analyte ions of several chemical categories. Use for mass-spectrometric determinations of polar and nonpolar analytes in solution. (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00329)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LI-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laser ionization mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:lassmassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Application-Notes/AN-30298-ICP-MS-Laser-Ablation-Split-Stream-AN30298-EN.pdf" ;
rdfs:label "Laser ablation split stream mass spectrometry "@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION SPLIT STREAM MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION-SPLIT STREAM ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LASER ABLATION-SPLIT STREAM"@en ;
skos:broader meth:laserablationmassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "The output from laser ablation of a single analysis spot is split between two mass spectrometers (typically ICPMS). The technique allows simultaneous analyses of different geochemical systems in mineral samples using two or more mass spectrometers. An important application is the determination of the complementary isotopic systems of Lu-Hf and U-Pb (age)(https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/Application-Notes/AN-30298-ICP-MS-Laser-Ablation-Split-Stream-AN30298-EN.pdf)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LA-SS-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Laser ablation split stream mass spectrometry "@en ;
.
meth:lecofurnaceanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.element.com/materials-testing-services/chemical-analysis-labs/leco-analysis" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "LECO furnace analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "LECO FURNACE"@en ;
skos:broader meth:infraredspectrometry ;
skos:definition "LECO analysis uses infrared absorption and thermal conductivity to measure combustion gases from sample. This process determines the presence and concentration of carbon, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen. LECO analysis converts the elements from a sample into their oxidized form by utilizing either the gas fusion method (Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen) or the combustion method (Carbon and Sulfur). (https://www.element.com/materials-testing-services/chemical-analysis-labs/leco-analysis)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LECO" ;
skos:prefLabel "LECO furnace analysis"@en ;
.
meth:liquidchromatographyanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Liquid chromatography analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY" ;
skos:altLabel "HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:chromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "A chromatography analysis in which the mobile phase is a liquid"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Liquid chromatography analysis"@en ;
.
meth:liquidchromatographymassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:broader meth:liquidchromatographyanalysis ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "technique used to separate, detect, identify, and quantify components of a complex mixture. The solid sample is extracted in a solvent to pull out soluble target compounds; this creates both a solid residue and a liquid extract. The extract can be subjected to additional procedures, for cleanup or exposure to acid vapor to break apart large molecules. The final extracted solution is injected into the LC, which separates compounds in the solution and then passes them into the MS, where their mass spectra are measured. Each time point on the chromatogram is linked to a mass spectrum from which the most intense signals are fragmented at defined CID (colision induced dissociation) energy. The combination of retention time (i.e., how long it takes for the compound to pass through the LC) and mass spectrum allows for identification of the compounds when compared to standards. The LC-MS-MS converted data is in a unversal format of data called mzML and used internationally in LC-MS-MS analytical community of small molecules, peptides to proteins. mzML is a universal Mass spectrometry format. xml namespace =http://psi.hupo.org/ms/mzml; schema location http://psidev.info/files/ms/mzML/xsd/mzML1.1.0.xsd"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LC-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:liquidchromatographyorganiccarbondetection
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Liquid chromatography organic carbon detection"@en ;
skos:broader meth:liquidchromatographyanalysis ;
skos:definition "Liquid chromatography -- organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) is an analytical technique for identification and quantification of natural organic matter (NOM) constituents in aquatic environments and water-soluble synthetic organic matter in water. "@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LC-OCD" ;
skos:prefLabel "Liquid chromatography organic carbon detection"@en ;
.
meth:liquidinletinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Liquid inlet inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "SOLUTION-NEBULIZED INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "STANDARD ADDITION SOLUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "TOTAL DIGESTION-INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ULTRASONIC NEBULIZATION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Mass spectrometry technique in which sample is dissolved in a liquid reagent and nulized or vaporized by one of several techniques to introduce into an inductively coupled plasma to atomize and ionize for intlet to mass analyzer. Components: 1) sample preparation: dissolution, nebulize to introduce into plasma (this is normal method to get sample into ICP...) 2) ionization: inductively coupled plasma"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LI-ICP-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Liquid inlet inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:lockinthermography
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://movitherm.com/knowledgebase/what-is-lock-in-thermography/" ;
rdfs:label "Lock in thermography "@en ;
skos:broader meth:thermalanalysis ;
skos:definition "The principle of lock-in thermography is based on the application of a periodic input energy wave (i.e. thermal emitter, ultrasound, microwave, eddy current, flash or xenon lamp, halogen lamp, or laser) to the surface of the object being examined and analyzing the resulting local temperatures on the surface of the object using an infrared camera. When the input energy wave penetrates the object's surface, is it absorbed and phase shifted. When the input wave reaches areas within the object where the thermophysical properties are not homogeneous in relation to the surrounding material, (i.e. at delaminations or inclusions), the input wave is partially reflected. The reflected portion of the wave interferes with the incoming input wave at the surface of the object, causing an interference pattern in the local surface temperature, which oscillates at the same frequency as the thermal wave. The internal structure of the object being examined can then be derived by evaluating the phase shift of the local surface temperatures in relation to the input energy wave. The ability to derive internal thermophysical inconsistencies within the object, however, requires that the input energy source be used at an optimal frequency, which depends on both the thermophysical characteristics of the object as well as its thickness. (https://movitherm.com/knowledgebase/what-is-lock-in-thermography/)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "LIT" ;
skos:prefLabel "Lock in thermography"@en ;
.
meth:lossonignitionanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://www.precisa.com/blog/what-is-loss-on-ignition-loi" ;
rdfs:label "Loss on ignition analysis "@en ;
skos:altLabel "IGNITION ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:altLabel "IGNITION"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Loss on ignition analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "STEPPED HEATING ANALYSIS" ;
skos:broader meth:benchchemistry ;
skos:definition "Method consists of igniting (vigorous heating) a sample at a designated temperature which enables volatile substances within the sample material to escape, until the mass of the sample ceases to change. This process is often performed within air but may be done in another inert or reactive atmosphere. Loss on Ignition measures the organic matter content in samples. The volatile materials lost during the analysis typically consist of combined water (hydrates, for example) and CO2 from carbonates. (https://www.precisa.com/blog/what-is-loss-on-ignition-loi)"@en ;
skos:editorialNote "GEOROC reports analytes for 'STEPPED HEATING ANALYSIS' as CO2 and H20, so interpret as a loss on ignition technique." ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "IGN" ;
skos:prefLabel "Loss on ignition analysis "@en ;
.
meth:magneticfieldmeasurement
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddinstmethodsgeox ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Magnetic field measurement "@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Techniques for measuring magnetic field. [TBD--what are the actual techniques...]"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "MAG" ;
skos:prefLabel "Magnetic field measurement "@en ;
.
meth:manometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Manometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "EXTRACTION HYDROGEN MANOMETRY"@en ;
skos:broader meth:physicalpropertymeasurement ;
skos:definition "measurement of the pressure of gases or vapors"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "MANO" ;
skos:prefLabel "Manometry"@en ;
.
meth:massspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source meth:skooghollercrouch ;
dcterm:source meth:smrAddGeneralGeoX ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTOPE-DILUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTOPE-RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MASS SPECTROMETRY ISOTOPE DILUTION"@en ;
skos:broader meth:particlespectrometry ;
skos:definition "Study of matter through the formation of gas-phase ions that are characterized using mass spectrometers by their mass, charge, structure, and/or physico-chemical properties. (Source: IUPAC; https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-06-04-06). Atomic mass spectrometric analysis involves: (1) atomization, (2) conversion of a substantial fraction of the atoms formed in step 1 to a stream of ions (usually singly charged positive ions), (3) separating the ions formed in step 2 on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), where m is the mass number of the ion and z is the number of fundamental charges that it bears, and (4) counting the number of ions of each type or measuring the ion current produced when the ions formed from the sample strike a suitable transducer. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 253). Molecular mass spectrometry is used to determine the structures of inorganic, organic, and biological molecules and the qualitative and quantitative composition of complex mixtures; The appearance of mass spectra for a given molecular species strongly depends on the method used for ion formation. That these methods fall into three major categories: gas-phase sources, desorption sources, and ambient desorption sources. (Skoog, Holler & Crouch, p. 502)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:method
rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
rdf:type skos:ConceptScheme ;
rdf:type schema:CreativeWork ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor ;
dcterm:contributor "Premkumar Elangovan" ;
dcterm:created "2023-02-09"^^xsd:date ;
dcterm:creator ;
dcterm:creator ;
dcterm:creator ;
dcterm:creator ;
dcterm:modified "2023-05-26"^^xsd:date ;
dcterm:publisher "Astromaterials Data System (Astromat)" ;
rdfs:label "Analytical methods for geochemistry and cosmochemistry"@en ;
# owl:imports dcterm: ; # import prevents ingesting the vocab to ols
owl:imports ;
owl:imports ;
skos:definition "This concept scheme contains skos concepts for analysis methods used to produce observation results with information about the physical properties, chemical or isotopic composition, crystallography, or molecular structure of material samples. Based on spreadsheet compilation of method vocabularies from Geo.X, GEOROC, PetDB and OSIRIS-REx. Definitions added and updated based on web research, and SKOS serialization by S.M. Richard. Note that although there are high-level method categories for 'Physical property measurements' and the 'Bioanalytical method', these are placeholders and only include a few examples that are relevant to analytical methods in geo- or cosmochemistry."@en ;
skos:hasTopConcept meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:historyNote "2023-02-14 S.M. Richard. Draft generated, based on spreadsheet compilation of method vocabularies from Geo.X, GEOROC, PetDB and OSIRIS-REx (Astromat). Definitions added and updated and SKOS serialization by S.M. Richard."@en ;
skos:historyNote "2023-05-01 SMR. Add provenance and better source information, prepare for posting to Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC) Research Vocabularies Australia."@en ;
skos:historyNote "2023-05-26 SMR add funding acknowledgement for Astromat support from NASA planetary sciences division, using schema.org/funding property."@en ;
skos:historyNote "2023-06-17 SMR put the dcterm agent objects in https://w3id.org/geochem/1.0/agent URI space (instead of analyticalmethod). Add 'and cosmochemistry' in vocab title."@en ;
skos:historyNote "2024-02-22 SMR some classes have multiple skos:notation values, pick one to keep as a unique notation, move others to altLabel. Add some other altLabels for MC and ID TIMS, SIMS. Deprecate Add SHRIMP (Sensitive high mass resolution ion microprobe) as a method under Secondary ionization mass spectrometry because of its frequent use as a method in the literature. Fix Duplicate notation value-- GC to GAMMA, GAMMA to GR-S. Deprecate 'High resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry'. TBD--add notations for classes that don't have notation, standardize hyphenation of skos:notation values."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Analytical methods for geochemistry"@en ;
schema:funding "Compilation of this vocabulary supported by funding from the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Planetary Sciences Division for the Astromaterials Data System at Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University"@en ;
schema:provider "Australian Research Data Commons, Research Vocabularies Australia" ;
.
meth:micromassmultiprepmassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Micromass multiprep mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MICROMASS MULTIPREP MASS SPECTROMETER"@en ;
skos:broader meth:massspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Multiprep automated sample preparation device is used to digest powdered biogenic or mineral carbonate material with phosphoric acid or to equilibrate water samples with carbon dioxide or hydrogen.(Micromass is the instrument manufacturer). Output from multiprep goes to mass spectrometer. Example systems e.g. https://www.atmos.albany.edu/geology/webpages/sirmslab.html are doing stable isotope analyses. Components: 1) sample preparation: multiprep device"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "MM-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Micromass multiprep mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:microprobetwosteplasermassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Microprobe two step laser mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "microprobe two-step laser mass spectrometer"@en ;
skos:broader meth:laserablationinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Microprobe two-step laser mass spectrometry (microL2MS) is a technique that allows the detection and characterization of organic molecules. Output for point analyses consist of time-of-flight spectra and where appropriate low resolution optical location images. Each spectrum represent the time varying signal recorded by the microchannel plate (MCP) detector assembly in microL2MS instrument following laser photoionization of neutral species liberated from the surface a sample by a preceeding laser desorption pulse. microL2MS instrument output data products will consist of a variable number of spectra and image files depending on the nature of the sample and number of analysis locations."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "MP-L2-MS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Microprobe two step laser mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:microscopicxrayimaging
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_microscope" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Microscopic X-ray imaging"@en ;
skos:altLabel "X-RAY MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:broader meth:xrayimaging ;
skos:definition "Technique uses electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray band to produce magnified images of objects. Since X-rays penetrate most objects, there is no need to specially prepare them for X-ray microscopy observations. Because X-rays do not reflect or refract easily and are invisible to the human eye an X-ray microscope exposes film or uses a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector to detect X-rays that pass through the specimen. It is a contrast imaging technology using the difference in absorption of soft X-rays in the water window region (wavelengths: 2.34-4.4 nm, energies: 280-530 eV) by the carbon atom (main element composing the living cell) and the oxygen atom (an element of water). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_microscope)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "XRM" ;
skos:prefLabel "Microscopic X-ray imaging"@en ;
.
meth:microscopy
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source meth:smraddinstmethodsgeox ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Microscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:analyticalmethod ;
skos:definition "Observation of samples using visible light optical systems"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:prefLabel "Microscopy"@en ;
.
meth:microxrayfluorescencespectroscopy
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy" ;
skos:altLabel "Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Micro X-ray fluorescence" ;
skos:altLabel "Micro X-ray fluorescence"@en ;
skos:altLabel "X-ray fluorescence analysis" ;
skos:broader meth:synchrotonxrayfluorescencespectrometry ;
skos:definition "Measurement method of X-ray fluorescence used to measure amounts of elements in a material. Micro-XRF analysis uses highly brilliant X-ray sources (synchrotron source and spot size 100 nm to 2 micron) and microfocussing X-ray optics to give femtogram to attogram detection limits. (Source: IUPAC; Chai et al, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0302). "@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "M-XF-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:minicryogenfreemeasurementsystemforthermalconductivity
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Mini cryogen free measurement system for thermal conductivity"@en ;
skos:broader meth:thermalanalysis ;
skos:definition "measure the bulk thermal conductivity of a bar-shaped sample specimen across a wide range of temperatures, producing a table with thermal conductivity vs temperature. (OSIRIS-REx confluence). The label implies that the technique measures thermal conductivity at low temperatures, using a device that does not require liquid nitrogen or liquid helium for cooling. [need more information]"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "MCFMS" ;
skos:prefLabel "Mini cryogen free measurement system for thermal conductivity"@en ;
.
meth:moistureanalysis
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_138.pdf" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Moisture analysis"@en ;
skos:altLabel "DUPONT SOLID'S MOISTURE ANALYSIS"@en ;
skos:broader meth:other ;
skos:definition "[might be: ]The Model 510 Moisture Analyzer (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.) the sensing element is a quartz crystal coated with a hygroscopic material. The resonant frequency of such a crystal depends on the crystal mass (King, 1964). The mass (and, hence, resonant frequency) changes with the adsorption of moisture. A typical sensitivity factor is about 1 Hz per A thickness of added material. Two crystals are alternately exposed to sample air and dry air. The frequency difference between the two is indicated on the analyzer scale in parts per million (ppm) water vapor by volume. (https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_138.pdf)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "SMA" ;
skos:prefLabel "Moisture analysis"@en ;
.
meth:mossbauerspectroscopy
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source ;
dcterm:source "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectroscopy" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Mossbauer spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "Mossbauer spectroscopy"@en ;
skos:broader meth:gammarayspectrometry ;
skos:definition "In its most common form a solid sample is exposed to a beam of gamma radiation, and a detector measures the intensity of the beam transmitted through the sample. The atoms in the source emitting the gamma rays must be of the same isotope as the atoms in the sample absorbing them. The source is accelerated through a range of velocities using a linear motor to produce a Doppler effect and scan the gamma ray energy through a given range. In the resulting spectra, gamma ray intensity is plotted as a function of the source velocity. At velocities corresponding to the resonant energy levels of the sample, a fraction of the gamma rays are absorbed, resulting in a drop in the measured intensity and a corresponding dip in the spectrum. The number, positions, and intensities of the dips (also called peaks; dips in transmitted intensity are peaks in absorbance) provide information about the chemical environment of the absorbing nuclei and can be used to characterize the sample. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectroscopy)"@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "MB-S" ;
skos:prefLabel "Mossbauer spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:multicollectorinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy meth:method ;
rdfs:label "Multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"@en ;
skos:altLabel "HIGH-RESOLUTION MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "ISOTOPE-DILUTION MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MULTI-COLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MAGNETIC SECTOR MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MULTICOLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY"@en ;
skos:altLabel "MULTICOLLECTOR INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY-ISOTOPE DILUTION"@en ;
skos:broader meth:inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry ;
skos:definition "Quadrupole and Multi-Collector (MC) Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are grouped into one 'analtyical technique' by O-REx sample analysis team."@en ;
skos:inScheme meth:method ;
skos:notation "ICP-MS-MC" ;
skos:prefLabel "Multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"@en ;
.
meth:nanoindentationandmicroindentation
rdf:type skos:Concept ;
dcterm:source