This is the Sustainable Development Goals Interface Ontology (SDGIO) developed to support the realisation of the SDGs by providing a semantically coherent representations of relevant entities.
has curation status
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.
is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
A URL referencing the page or thread where class is being or has been discussed in a Community of Practice hosted on the Environment Live portal by UN Environment and GEO.
has COP discussion thread
A definition which has been endorsed by a UN body such as the UN General Assembly.
UN endorsed definition
A label which has been endorsed by a UN body such as the UN General Assembly.
UN endorsed label
An annotation property which has as its value the ID used by the United Nations to identify instances of a target of the sustainable development goals.
UN SDG Target ID
UNEP preferred label
UNEP definition
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
realized in
realizes
preceded by
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
is preceded by
preceded_by
precedes
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
site of
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
is about
denotes
has_specified_input
is_specified_input_of
has_specified_output
is_specified_output_of
inheres in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
inheres_in
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
role of
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has role
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives_from
This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations.
derives from
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
derives_into
derives into
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
location of
contained in
contains
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
located in
A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other.
A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
has negative regulatory component activity
A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
has positive regulatory component activity
w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
A relationship that holds between between a receptor and an chemical entity, typically a small molecule or peptide, that carries information between cells or compartments of a cell and which binds the receptor and regulates its effector function.
Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)
ends after
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately preceded by
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
overlaps
x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x
partially overlaps
A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common
There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom.
Chris Mungall
Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy
a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b
connected to
a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b.
attached to part of
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
has component
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
develops from
develops into
process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit
Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process.
regulates
Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
negatively regulates (process to process)
negatively regulates
Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
positively regulates (process to process)
positively regulates
mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".
capable of
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
capable of part of
x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role
actively participates in
'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein
x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y
This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation
has active participant
x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x
surrounded by
A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.
The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis.
The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies.
The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used.
x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary.
This relation acts as a join point with BSPO
adjacent to
surrounds
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporally related to
p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
has output
x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y
has developmental contribution from
inverse of has developmental contribution from
developmentally contributes to
Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p
developmentally preceded by
c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.
c involved in regulation of p if c enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of p
c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of or within p
c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
developmentally succeeded by
p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss).
This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint.
results in developmental progression of
an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists.
every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062)
results in formation of
holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y
holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y
q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of
inheres in part of
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships
mereotopologically related to
A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development
developmentally related to
ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity.
Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity.
eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex
We would like to say if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction.
In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology.
contributes to
a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity
This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized.
This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time.
enables
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function
functionally related to
this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
part of structure that is capable of
c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
involved in
enabled by
regulated by
negatively regulated by
positively regulated by
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
has member
input of
output of
formed as result of
a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a
attached to
x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location
spatially coextensive with
x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).
has developmental potential involving
x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y
has potential to developmentally contribute to
x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
has potential to develop into
x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y
has potential to directly develop into
causally downstream of
immediately causally downstream of
This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes
This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causally related to
p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain
causally upstream of
p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q.
immediately causally upstream of
p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q.
We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
inverse of causally upstream of or within
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some 'p' and p' regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
involved in or involved in regulation of
A protein that enables activity in a cytosol.
c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d
c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities and are executing molecular processes that are directly causally connected.
An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B.
Holds between molecular entities a and b when the execution of a activates or inhibits the activity of b
Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so negatively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
activity directly negatively regulates activity of
Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so positively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
activity directly positively regulates activity of
x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.
p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q.
The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
causal relation between material entities
A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef
s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s.
The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future
determined by (system to material entity)
s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w.
causally influenced by (material entity to material entity)
Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b
causally influences (material entity to material entity)
A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs.
Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
causal relation between material entity and a process
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes.
Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2.
Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2.
a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue.
produces
a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
produced by
A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M.
Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.
acts upstream of or within, positive effect
acts upstream of or within, negative effect
c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive
c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative
causally upstream of or within, negative effect
causally upstream of or within, positive effect
r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r.
realized in response to
entity
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
continuant
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
occurrent
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
independent continuant
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
process
disposition
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable entity
quality
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
specifically dependent continuant
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
role
fiat object part
object aggregate
site
object
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
generically dependent continuant
function
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
material entity
immaterial entity
process profile
anatomical structure
material anatomical entity
Material anatomical entity that is a member of an individual species or is a viral or viroid particle.
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
Any environmental contaminant that is resistant to environmental degradation through photolytic, biological or chemical processes. Such substances can have significant impact on health and the environment, as they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in animal tissue and so biomagnify in food chains.
Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
Any unwanted chemical in food. The term includes agrochemicals and industrial chemicals that may contaminate foodstuffs during their production, transportation or storage.
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States.
A subdivision of a first-order administrative division.
A subdivision of a second-order administrative division.
A subdivision of a third-order administrative division.
A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.
A geographical feature associated with water.
A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere.
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass.
A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply.
Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface.
Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population.
An accumulation of water of varying size.
A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority.
A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states.
An area of land or of a body of water in which management practices, through legal or other effective means, prioritise the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources.
A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations.
A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm.
A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested.
A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested.
A significant accumulation of water which is part of a marine biome.
Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence.
An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff.
An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance.
physical object of mesoscopic geological size
An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form.
Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride.
Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine,
A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process).
A material entity which determines an environmental system.
Drinking water is water which may be consumed by humans with no adverse effects on their health.
A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.
anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature
A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system.
A portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system.
A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column.
An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity.
A cropland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for agricultural activity and which contains no village or larger human settlement.
A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity.
A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock.
A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use.
An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised.
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water.
Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere.
An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity.
A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in an atmosphere.
Atmospheric ozone is an environmental material primarily composed of ozone in its gaseous form and present in an atmosphere.
A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow.
lentic water body
A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing.
lotic water body
The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system.
climate change
A volcanic process is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure.
volcanic eruption
Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.
outer space
A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement with substandard housing in which households lack any one of the following: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient-living area, durability of housing, or security of tenure.
slum
An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter.
explosive eruption
An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground.
effusive eruption
A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants.
dense settlement
A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further.
waste role
An earthquake is a process whereby part of the surface of a planet shakes due to the passage of seismic waves through rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in a planet's crust is suddenly released. Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes.
earthquake
A tectonic earthquake is an earthquake caused by the release of elastic strain. A tectonic earthquake occurs when strains in rock masses have accumulated to a point where the resulting stresses exceed the strength of the rocks, and sudden fracturing results.
tectonic earthquake
A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0.
megathrust earthquake
A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it.
polluted lake
A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake.
coast
A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
tsunami
Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides.
mass wasting
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface.
avalanche
A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside.
landslide process
rockfall
A subsidence process is a geomorphologic process in which a surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level.
geological subsidence
mudslide
A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material.
mass wasting flow
A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material.
mudflow
debris flow
A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.
lahar
A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen.
sturzstrom
An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity.
ash fall process
Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water.
coastal flooding
Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding.
riverine flooding
Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body.
flash flooding
An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas.
flood
A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity.
coastal flood
A riverine flood is a flood which is formed as a result of a river's flow rate exceeding the capacity of its channel.
riverine flood
A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours.
flash flood
A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides.
storm surge
A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure.
meteotsunami
A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides.
storm surge process
Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off.
areal flooding
Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems.
urban flooding
A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface.
lava flow process
A process in which some input bearing a waste role is consumed to produce an output which bears a resource role.
recycling process
A carbon emission process is any environmental process which outputs a carbon-bearing gas.
carbon-bearing gas emission process
A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems.
land consumption process
A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning.
human dwelling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015
A settlement with a low density of buildings and inhabitants.
sparsely populated settlement
A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity.
rural settlement
A settlement which has been established and is managed through officially sanctioned processes and is recognised as legal by a competent authority.
formal settlement
A settlement which is not associated with or directed by official planning processes and which typically lacks municipal services and infrastructure such as sanitation, water services, and waste management services.
informal settlement
A settlement on land that the inhabitants have no legal claim to or occupy illegally.
illegal settlement
A carbon emission process is any environmental process which releases carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere.
carbon dioxide emission process
A volume of carbon dioxide gas emitted by a carbon dioxide emission process.
carbon dioxide emission
An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements.
rural area
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.
village
An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability.
Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area
IUCN Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity
Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity
The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings.
public infrastructure
A populated place where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally, or where dwellings are not in compliance with current planning and building regulations.
illegal informal settlement
A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity.
material extraction process
A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely.
gaseous environmental material
An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.
astronomical body
An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.
astronomical object
A material part of an astronomical body.
astronomical body part
An environmental material which is in a liquid state.
liquid environmental material
A biosphere is a part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact.
A biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with.
biosphere
A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force.
precipitation process
An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate.
ecological corridor
An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition.
natural environment
A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action.
anthropisation
A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces.
mass liquid flow
A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body.
An environmental system which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body.
technosphere
A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
manufacturing process
An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures.
construction process
An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities.
environmental system determined by a quality
An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties.
environmental system determined by a material
An environmental system which is determined by a living organism.
environmental system determined by an organism
An environmental system determined by an animal.
animal-associated environment
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal.
environment associated with an animal part or small animal
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant.
environment associated with a plant part or small plant
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
ecosystem
An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it.
terrestrial environmental zone
A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities.
anthropised terrestrial environmental zone
A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water.
saline water body
A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilirium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged.
advective transport process
A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants.
environmental system process
a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.
desertification
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water.
flooding
A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land.
Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land.
The removal of forest and undergrowth to, for example, increase the surface of arable land or to use the timber for construction or industrial purposes.
The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared.
A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process.
anthropogenic modulatory intervention process
An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans.
An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant.
An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment.
A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air.
A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil.
A pollution process during which contaminants are released into water.
A pollution process during which plastic contaminants are released into an environmental material.
An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed.
A planned process during which the amount of pollutants released into an environmental system is regulated.
A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution.
A pollution process that results in increased levels of pollutants in an urban environment.
A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location.
material transport process
A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere.
gas emission process
A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere.
hydrocarbon gas emission process
A substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal or human being for nutrition or pleasure.
foodon product type
This is a working folder that holds LanguaL SIREN database product types that need to be reviewed for placement within the food product hierarchy.
food product type (to be processed)
soft drink
water based soft drink
water (food product)
food product by culinary role
root beer
water (bottled)
Drinking water that has been treated by heat, filtration, chemical disinfection, and/or exposure to ultraviolet radiation (including solar UV).
drinking water (purified)
cola carbonated beverage
fruit-flavored beverage (carbonated)
fruit-flavored beverage carbonated
ice
beverage
ginger beer soft drink
imitation grape carbonated beverage
grapefruit soda
imitation black cherry carbonated beverage
imitation fruit-flavored carbonated beverage
orange carbonated beverage
beverage (carbonated, caffeinated)
orange carbonated beverage (naturally and artificially flavored)
grape carbonated beverage (naturally and artififically flavored)
imitation grape drink base
imitation grape carbonated beverage (artificially sweetened)
imitation black cherry (artificially sweetened)
noncarbonated beverage (less than 10% fruit juice)
noncarbonated beverage less than 10% fruit juice
lemon and lime carbonated beverage (vitamin-fortified)
soda water
imitation grape drink
grape drink (carbonated, artificially flavored and colored, vitamin-fortified)
grape drink carbonated artificially flavored and colored vitamin-fortified
beverage (carbonated, naturally and artificially sweetened)
imitation cherry carbonated beverage (naturally and artificially sweetened)
orange carbonated beverage (vitamin fortified)
sangria-flavored carbonated beverage
beverage (carbonated, amino acid-fortified)
beverage carbonated amino acid-fortified
cola carbonated beverage (decaffeinated, vitamin-fortified)
cola carbonated beverage decaffeinated vitamin-fortified
lemon soda
beverage (carbonated, vitamin, mineral and amino acid fortified)
root beer (sugar free)
lemon and lime fruit juice carbonated beverage (10% diluted)
lemon and lime fruit juice carbonated beverage 10% diluted
pepper-type carbonated beverage (decaffeinated)
pepper-type carbonated beverage decaffeinated
imitation cherry drink
cola carbonated beverage (decaffeinated)
cola carbonated beverage (caffeine-free)
cola carbonated beverage (caffeine-free, low calorie)
cola carbonated beverage caffeine-free low calorie
beverage (carbonated, vitamin- and mineral-fortified)
beverage carbonated vitamin- and mineral-fortified
seltzer water (flavored)
water (canned)
soda water (artifically sweetened)
sparkling dry beverage (nonalcoholic)
fruit squash juice drink
bar mix
seltzer water (flavored and sweetened)
mountain water (food product)
imitation spring water (bottled)
grape beverage (artificially flavored)
grape carbonated beverage (artificially colored)
beverage (carbonated, guarana-flavored)
beverage carbonated guarana-flavored
ice (crushed)
iodized water for livestock
beverage (fruit-flavored, noncarbonated)
beverage fruit-flavored noncarbonated
horchata chufa
fruit-flavored punch (canned)
fruit-flavored punch canned
soda water concentrate
lemonade-flavored drink
water (bottled, minerals added)
imitation grape punch (artificially flavored)
soda water (unflavored, in polyvinyl chloride bottle)
bitter lemon drink
ginger ale
tap water
water (processed)
tap water (softened)
imitation raspberry-flavored drink
ginger-flavored drink
spring water (bottled)
water (carbonated, vitamin c added, bottled)
distilled water (bottled)
fruit crush drink
tonic water
spring water
soda water (artificially flavored)
spring water with white chardonnay wine (food product)
seltzer water
food product for animal
water glacier
water as food product
soft drink dietetic
soft drink not further specified
soft drink artificially sweetened
soft drink non-cola diet
cherry soft drink
orange-flavored soft drink
soft drink prepared from cherry powder
fruit punch canned
sport drink (food product)
cola carbonated beverage low-calorie
imitation fruit flavored drinks and ades noncarbonated refrigerated single-strength
imitation fruit flavored drinks and ades frozen concentrates
soft drink carbonated canned
soft drink noncarbonated
soft drink cold
soft drink brewed
water represented as mineral or spring water (food product)
water in sealed container
water table prepared
beverage (flavored, water-based, nonalcoholic)
beverage (water-based, carbonated, with added sweeteners and flavorings)
soft drink calorie reduced
water for beermaking (food product)
soft drink energy-containing sweetener not added
product type, other
Beverage containing no more than 0.5% alcohol; it may be flavored, sweetened or carbonated; includes soft drinks and steeped beverages; excludes milk in all forms, fruit juices, diluted fruit juices and vegetable juices.
nonalcoholic beverage (us cfr)
Alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages, fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, and vegetable juices. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
beverage (us cfr)
Nonalcoholic beverage made from potable water by adding one or more of the following: carbon dioxide, flavoring ingredients or sweeteners. Naturally or artificially carbonated mineral waters are also considered soft drinks. Excludes products containing 15% or more fruit juice, which are indexed by the appropriate narrower term under *FRUIT JUICE OR RELATED PRODUCT*. Includes beverage bases to make soft drinks. Carbonated fruit juices are indexed by *FRUIT JUICE* or *FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED* and *CARBONATED* or the appropriate narrower term.
soft drink (us cfr)
Beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol; includes distilled spirits, malt beverage, and wine.
alcoholic beverage (us cfr)
Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
product type, usa
A food product type is a class of food products that is differentiated by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This does not include brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories.
food product type
Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL.
product type, u.s. code of federal regulations, title 21
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
measurement unit label
objective specification
action specification
datum label
software
information carrier
a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
data item
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
information content entity
directive information entity
dot plot
graph
algorithm
curation status specification
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
PERSON:Bill Bug
data format specification
data set
image
data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
data about an ontology part
plan specification
measurement datum
material information bearer
histogram
heatmap
dendrogram
scatter plot
obsolescence reason specification
The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
figure
diagram
document
The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
documenting
planned process
regulator role
regulatory role
material supplier role
classified data set
processed material
investigation
material processing
specimen role
organization
plan
protocol
drawing a conclusion based on data
planning
regulatory agency
material transformation objective
manufacturing
manufacturing objective
clustered data set
class prediction data transformation
decision tree building data transformation
k-nearest neighbors
CART
collection of specimens
histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition
histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System
histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system
histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization
pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition
pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition
clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
organism
specimen
data transformation
leave one out cross validation method
k-means clustering
hierarchical clustering
dimensionality reduction
principal components analysis dimensionality reduction
data visualization
data transformation objective
partitioning data transformation
partitioning objective
class discovery data transformation
class discovery objective
class prediction objective
cross validation objective
study design
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
quality of a single physical entity
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary.
A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary and outwards in relation to the physical space occupied by another entity.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids.
collection of organisms
A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place.
population of organisms
A community of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members.
ecological community
A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species.
single-species collection of organisms
A material entity that consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share at meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people.
household
A collection of organisms of the same species whose members are all either genealogically related to each other or have mated with each other.
community
A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species.
multi-species collection of organisms
A household in which the majority of the income of its members is derived from agricultural activities.
agricultural household
A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids.
organismal entity
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
An anatomical structure that is or was part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
An objective specification which describes the endpoint of a development process following the Sustainable Development Agenda for 2030.
sustainable development goal
A threshold value of a sustainable development indicator value or a set of threshold values of several such indicators towards or beyond which corresponding indicator values from a socio-economic-environmental system should tend in order to meet a sustainable development goal.
sustainable development target
A material entity which is composed of one or more parts of an environmental system, including its natural and anthropogenic socioeconomic components, which is thought to represent the state of the entire system.
Draft. the "state" must be clarified. Possibly a factor of the parts of the subsystem and their qualities. Note that this may become a subclass of system.
sustainable development indicator
A data item which represents a sustainable development goal indicator in some quantitative or qualitative system of measurement.
DRAFT
sustainable development goal indicator value
A process in which the parts of a socio-economic-environmental system, as well as their interactions and qualities, transition to meet one or more sustainable development goals.
sustainable development process
An environmental system which provides access to some resource. That is, the system has the disposition to physically provide and allow use of a given resource and allows the user of that resource to exercise their right and permission to access the resource.
access system
A system that provides access to some resource in a sustainable manner. That is, the system provides someone or something the ability, right, and permission to approach and use some resource in a way that will not irreversibly exhaust the resources on which the system depends.
sustainable access system
A disposition that inheres in a person or population who bears the ability, right, and permission to approach and use an accessible resource.
It is not clear if 'access' is a subclass of 'disposition' or a sibling to 'disposition'. How to best express the reciprocal dependence of an entity’s ability to access and a resource’s accessibility, along with an access system, including the right and permission, is still under development.
access
A disposition of a human societal system to recognise and protect, through various means, the ability of an entity to approach and use a resource.
right of access
The disposition of an environmental system to physically provide a resource to the consumer or user of that resource.
Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. The physical ability to approach and use a resource. Someone may have the right and permission to access water in a well, but if the pump is broken, they lack the physical ability to access the water.
ability to access
A disposition of an environmental system to allow an entity to approach and use a resource.
Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Permission is similar to right, except that permission is not granted by a legal authority but controlled by individuals or populations. e.g. someone may have the right to access a well, but someone else may stop them from approaching it. Further, one need not have the right of access for a given resource in order to have the permission to access that resource.
permission to access
A process during which a resource is consumed and confers some benefit to the user.
Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Unclear whether the resource must confer advantage to a user - the user may not be consuming the entity as a resource (i.e. triggering its resource disposition).
use of a resource
Since we define 'resource' wrt benefit, then "use" of resource implies the realization the resource role. Some process in which a material entity bearing a resource role participates, but does not realize that role, say, child removes twigs from bird nest, would not be a ‘use of resource process’, by definition. The twig’s resource role is realized in the bird’s building process, not child’s taking process. -MJ
A process in which a potential consumer of a resource decreases their spatial distance to that resource, acting out of the right, permission, and ability of access.
Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology.
Unclear if only spatial proximity should be considered here. Also, a consumer need not have the right or permission of access to approach a resource.
approaching a resource
A material or immaterial entity which may confer benefit to its user or consumer.
Access to resources beneficial to humans is a central theme in the SDG process. For eample access to the resources of food, clean water, housing, legal system, health care system, medicine, or the bearer of information.
resource
A process which is causally within or downstream of another process whose direct or indirect effects cause one or more entities to realise one or more of their dispositions.
The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is possible.
This class may be replaced by a class in EXO, pending a clarification on the scope of its meaning. Right now it is essentially the same as 'interaction'. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/21
A process during which an entity is impacted by some agent or preceeding event.
Consider that when "E died of exposure to P", E died as an outcome of the processes which were initiated by E's participation in P, in which E's dispositions to react to P (or its parts or participants) were realised.
exposure process
An exposure process which is causally downstream of or within a flooding process and during which an entity realises one or more of its dispositions.
Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely.
A process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by flooding.
exposure to flooding
An exposure process which is causally downstream of or within a coastal flooding process and during which an entity realises one or more of its dispositions.
A process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by coastal flooding.
exposure to coastal flooding
An exposure process during which a portion of contaminated environmental material is the causal agent in an entity realising one or more of its dispositions.
An exposure process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by a contaminated environmental material.
exposure to contaminated environmental material
An exposure process during which a portion of contaminated water is the causal agent in an entity realising one or more of its dispositions.
An exposure process during which an entity is impacted by contaminated water impacts an entity.
exposure to contaminated water
An exposure process which is causally downstream of or within the flooding of a contaminated lake and during which an entity realises one or more of its dispositions.
Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely. The relation to contaminated water should be 'composed primarily of'. To be imported.
A process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by the flooding of a contaminated lake.
exposure to the flooding of a contaminated lake
A disposition of a bearer to realise one or more of its vulnerabilities when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a hazard or combination of hazards.
The possibility that an entity's vulnerabilities will be realised when exposed to a hazard.
Risk is increased when harm or damage is realised and when an entity is likely to encounter a hazard in some process. The probability of this disposition being realised can be assigned on the information or data level.
risk
A disposition of an entity to cause harm or damage to another entity.
Many things can have some degree of a 'hazard disposition' (e.g. the floor, a glass, etc). Thus, usage of this class should probably be linked to an estimated probability or a fixed list of hazards.
hazard disposition
The risk that a bearer realises its vulnerability towards flooding when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a flooding hazard.
risk of flooding
The risk that a bearer realises its vulnerability towards drowning when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a drowning hazard.
risk of drowning
A disposition of an entity to undergo undesirable change in response to some exposure.
Note that the definition endorsed by the UN General Assembly references the conditions that increase susceptibility to the impacts of hazards, rather than the susceptibilities themselves. The links between vulnerability, exposure, risk, and hazard are being developed. This definition will be updated accordingly. The definition currently used could be used for 'susceptible' too. Vulnerable has negative connotations.
The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards.
vulnerability
Affordable housing is housing which has been deemed affordable to those with a median household income as rated by a country, State (province), region or municipality using a recognized Housing Affordability Index.
In rating affordability, the World Bank and the United Nations recommend the Median Multiple indicator. This indicator rates affordability of housing by dividing the median house price by gross [before tax] annual median household income.
affordable housing
A vulnerability borne by an entity which may be impacted by flooding.
vulnerability towards flooding
A vulnerability borne by an entity which may be killed by drowning.
vulnerability towards drowning
A process which increases an entity's disposition to recover its previous composition, qualities, and functionality following some perturbation.
resilience strengthening process
A service in which the service provider participates in processes which preserve or improve the service consumer's health status.
The use of practical measures for the preservation of public health.
sanitation service
A process during which a visitor travels to and stays in one or more places outside their usual environment for not more than one year for leisure, business, personal matters or any other main purpose not including employment by a resident entity in the country or place visited.
"visitor" to be represented: a human which has role visitor with WTO definitions
Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence. Tourism refers to the activity of visitors. A visitor is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. A visitor is classified as a tourist (overnight visitor) if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (excursionist) otherwise.
Adapted from the definition used by the World Tourism Organization. All the activities performed by the visitor in preparation for and during their trip are parts of this process.
tourism
An ecosystem service in which the material or energy outputs of one or more ecosystem processes benefit a service consumer.
provisioning ecosystem service
An ecosystem service in which one or more ecosystem processes benefit a service consumer by buffering the impacts of environmental perturbations.
regulating ecosystem service
An ecosystem service which is necessary for the maintenance of (i.e. supports) all other ecosystem services.
Some examples include biomass production, production of atmospheric oxygen, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, water cycling, and provisioning of habitat. (MA, 2005a).
supporting ecosystem service
An ecosystem service which provides nonmaterial benefits to humans through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience.
Examples include providing ecosystem-dependent knowledge systems, social relations, and aesthetic values (MA, 2005a).
cultural ecosystem service
A tangible asset which is at risk of being damaged by or lost during hazardous events.
The term "exposure" is often used to refer to the sum of entities, or their value, that are at risk of being damaged or destroyed by some process. We distinguish that from the process of exposure in SDGIO.
The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas.
Measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area. These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest.
exposed tangible asset
A vulnerability borne by an entity that may develop respiratory disease.
vulnerability towards respiratory disease
A self-employment role which is realised when a self-employed person intermittently acts as an employer.
own-account worker role
A role realised by a person while engaging in economic activities producing goods and/or providing services, the profits of which they directly depend on for remuneration.
self-employed role
A self-employed role realised by a person while working in an establishment operated by a family member, with a too limited degree of involvement to be considered a partner.
A definition of partner is required here.
contributing family worker role
A self-employed role realised by a person while working in a co-operative which produces goods and services and in which members have equal influence upon major decisions concerning the cooperative.
producer cooperative member role
A person that bears a self-employed role.
self-employed person
A person that bears an own-account worker role.
own-account worker
A person that bears a membership role in a producer's cooperative.
member of a producer cooperative
A self-employed person who bears an employer role.
The alternative labels arise from the ambiguity of whether a company or corporation is considered an employer in the same way a human is.
human employer
A person that bears a contributing family worker role.
contributing family worker
This definition of "resilience" is endorsed by the UN General Assembly. Discussions in the SDGIO COP have indicated that defining elements of this class, such as "timely and efficient", will be a challenge. Further, 1) aspects of this definition semantically overlap with with those of adaptation or robustness 2) the dependence on the presence of a hazard may not be equivalent to a perturbation, which is perhaps more neutrally connoted.
The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions through risk management.
resilience to hazards
A risk that a bearer will realise vulnerabilities which result in the loss of human life, the injury of humans, or the damage of assets when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a hazard or combination of hazards beyond the bearer's coping capacity.
The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.
The definition of disaster risk reflects the concept of hazardous events and disasters as the outcome of continuously present conditions of risk. Disaster risk comprises different types of potential losses which are often difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, with knowledge of the prevailing hazards and the patterns of population and socioeconomic development, disaster risks can be assessed and mapped, in broad terms at least. It is important to consider the social and economic contexts in which disaster risks occur and that people do not necessarily share the same perceptions of risk and their underlying risk factors.
disaster risk
A planned process wherein knowledge and skill is imparted.
education process
Adapted from: http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/409073007
A role realised by a person when that person performs actions specified by an employer in return for a level of remuneration that is not directly dependent on the revenue generated by the employer's activities.
employee role
Adapted from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ERO_0000787
A self-employed role which is realised by a person or organization while they engage in an employment relationship with one or more persons to whom they provide remuneration or reward in exchange for labour or expertise.
Including organisations complicate the semantics of this class. This must be reviewed.
employer role
A planned process wherein an employee performs actions that are formally or informally specified by an employer in return for remuneration.
Add the person or organisation that has an employer role as an active participant once the class has been created.
employment
employment process
A person that bears an employee role.
employee
employed person
A service which is necessary to sustain human life.
Perhaps generalize this class: "any service which is (minimally) necessary for the completion of some objective."
Still undecided how 'essential service' relates to 'basic service' and if their usage in the indicators is synonymous. Most likely both classes will be given equivalent axioms so subclasses are inferred. That needs to be worked out. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/63 https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/64
essential service
A planned process wherein a person imparts knowledge or skill to one or more people. It is part of an education process.
process of educating
A planned process wherein a person acquires knowledge or skill. It is part of an education process.
A role which is realised by a person in the process of imparting knowledge and skill to others.
educator role
A role which is realised by a person during the process of acquiring knowledge and skill.
educatee role
A human dwelling that lacks any one of the following: access to basic services, affordability, habitability, security of tenure, or accessibility.
Possibly an equivalency: 'human dwelling' and bearer of some 'inadequate housing quality'
According to UN Habitat the full criteria for inadequate housing include “location” and “cultural adequacy”. However, a careful reading indicates they are addressed by the other criteria. For example, location near polluted or dangerous areas would also be covered under the description for habitability.
inadequate housing
A role realised by molecular entity during the process of preventing, treating, diagnosing, or studying disease or disorder.
OBI 'drug role', DRON 'clinical drug role', and CHEBIs 'drug' and 'pharmaceutical' all are close matches, but not exact for the usage here.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DRON_00000001
medicine role
A material entity that is used in the process of preventing, treating, diagnosing, or studying disease or disorder.
Medicines are typically drugs or processed materials of some kind, but not always. For example, herbal medicines. Pharmaceutical drugs are types of medicines. As are biopharmaceuticals, such as vaccines or blood products.
medicine
Close match: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug
A service which is designed to promote, secure, and maintain the health of an individual human or a population of humans.
health care service
A service that promotes, secures, and maintains socio-economic rights.
Needs definiton source. Should the clause "and the processes that realize them" be added to definition?
social protection service
A role which is realised by an entity when it confers some benefit to its consumer.
Dependent continuants (eg- information) and processes (eg- essential services) are also considered resources. As such these "abstract" resources cannot bear roles. Plausibly it is the independent continuants that participate in such processes (the computer that allows access to the information), or are the bearers of information (the computer's memory disk), which are rightfully considered the resource.
resource role
A role which is realised by a person during processes of exercising their right to use, occupy, sell, rent, or gift an object (such as a parcel of land).
owner role
A disease which is transmitted via a medium composed of water.
Should be a sublcass of OGMS 'disease' and probably made an equivalent class, aligned with Disease Ontology.
water-borne disease
A state which has an elevated risk towards a loss of centralized government control and protection, or a lowered resilience to perturbation, or an inability to maintain basic services, or a lack of social equality.
Right now a sublcass of ENVO's national geopolitical entity, but this may be revised when more specific semantics are revealed by domain experts in geopolitics.
fragile state
A disposition of an entity to recover its previous composition, qualities, and functionality following some perturbation.
This disposition is distinct from robustness, which pertains to an entity's ability to resist change when encountering perturbing forces.
resilience
A right which is protected by a sustainable system.
Should this class be aligned with 'safe'?
Draft
secure right
A policy which is actively being implemented and managed in some set of appropriate processes for a long enough time to be generally accepted and functional.
Needs to aligned with upper level ontology and placed under a general term 'policy'.
established and operational policy
A organism or organization that is the bearer of a right.
Should be an equivalent class, need to add 'right' (organism or organization) AND bearer of some right
draft
right bearer
A service which is needed by humans to maintain their health and well-being, or enable economic, social, and cultural development.
Still undecided how 'essential service' relates to 'basic service' and if their usage in the indicators is synonymous. Most likely both classes will be given equivalent axioms so subclasses are inferred. That needs to be worked out.
basic service
https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/63 https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/64
A person or population that is not employed, but eligible for and currently seeking employment.
Eventually a defined class, axiomitized using classes for employment status. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/37
The criteria varies for deciding if a person who is not employed also qualifies as unemployed.
unemployed
A process during which a person or organization, the owner, exercises their right to use, sell, rent, or gift an object.
This may be converted into a relation rather than a class. Subrelations such as 'land ownership' would be defined by domain and range constraints.
The act of ownership is a process wherein an owner exercises their rights associated with owning and needs to be distinguished from acts associated with right of tenure.
ownership process
A person or organization that participates in an ownership process wherein they realize their role as owner by exercising their right to use, sell, rent, or gift an object.
owner
A quality inhering in a person by virtue of that person bearing a role realised in an employment process.
employment status
A person or population that participates in employment processes during a specified time interval.
This may have to be a defined class that aggregates `employed person` and `population of employed people`.
Individuals or groups in employment are often collectively referred to as "the employed". This term serves to capture that meaning.
employed
Any entity associated with a rural settlement or area.
Defined class for organizational purposes. Should not be subclassed. Should be converted into some form of quality.
rural entity
A population of humans that lives in a rural settlement or rural area.
rural population
An employment process which is specified by formal arrangements and does not include illicit activities.
The nature of "formal arrangements' is still ambiguous and in need of clarification.
formal employment process
An employment process which is – in law or in practice – a) not specified or insufficiently specified by formal arrangements; and (b) does not include illicit activities.
Illicit activities include, in particular, the provision of services or the production, sale, possession or use of goods forbidden by law, including the illicit production and trafficking of drugs, the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, trafficking in persons, and money laundering, as defined in the relevant international treaties.
informal employment process
A risk disposition which is very difficult to realise.
Defined class for organizational purposes. Need to work out examples of subclasses to see if the definition holds.
Having a very low to negligible risk of being harmed.
What determines some process or material is safe is dependent on the particular interplay between the processes, their participants, and the potential exposure to hazards, and to some extent, the policies being implemented to confirm or ensure something is safe. It is related to estimation of risk and thresholds.
safe
Term not further defined. Further input is needed from the legal domain.
right
A right of a person or population to effective protection of their property rights, especially against evictions or involuntary removal from their land or residence, without appropriate objective legal procedure.
security of tenure
Derived from http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4307e/y4307e05.htm
A medicine that is necessary to meet the priority health-care needs of a population according to treatment prevalence, efficacy, safety, and comparative cost-effectiveness.
Essential medicines are intended to be available within the context of functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality, and at a price the individual and the community can afford.
essential medicine
Source http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4875e/5.2.html#Js4875e.5.2
A quality of a human dwelling by virtue of its dispositions to provide for its inhabitants: physical safety, adequate space, protection against the elements and other hazards to health and structure.
habitability
Source http://unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Habitat-III-Issue-Paper-20_Housing-2.0.pdf
A quality of an entity by virtue of it having a cost within the financial means of a person who has a median income.
In need of feedback, perhaps best a defined class with inferred subtypes based on their being affordable, such as 'affordable housing', 'affordable education', etc.
affordable
A disposition of a person or population who bears the ability, right, and permission to utilize available basic services in the community in which they reside.
access to basic services
A data item about some process of forest loss and which represents a negative change in forest area over a sufficiently long time period.
net permanent forest loss
A data item which represents the ratio between the gross inland consumption of energy and gross domestic product calculated for a calendar year.
The Gross Inland Energy Consumption (GIEC) is calculated as the sum of the gross inland consumption of the five sources of energy: solid fuels, oil, gas, nuclear and renewable sources. To monitor trends, GDP is in constant prices to avoid the impact of inflation, base year 2005.
energy intensity
Source: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/total-primary-energy-intensity-2
A value specification about the quality of water bodies in a given area.
Impact and damage to ecosystem functioning and health are difficult to define without the norm specified. This could be formulated like an increased risk of a portion of water from a water body realising its hazard disposition towards an ecosystem or living human.
Typically, values for ambient water quality are calculated using the amount of total dissolved solids (TDS); percentage dissolved oxygen (% DO); dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN); dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP); and abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a volume of water sampled from water bodies in an area. Categorical values of this value specification, such as 'good', are specified based on the impact the parameters listed above have on normal ecosystem functioning and human health.
ambient water quality
An ambient water quality value which is specified when the water sampled from water bodies in a specified area poses little or no risk to normal ecosystem functioning or human health.
Normal ecosystem functioning needs to be defined.
good ambient water quality
right to tenure
A resource under control of some person or organisation which confers an economic benefit to that person or organisation in an economic system.
https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/94 https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/91 https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/82
asset
A resource role inhering in an independent continuant which is realized by conferring an economic benefit to the person or organization which controls it in some economic system.
asset role
A dispostion which is realised when an entity provides services to, or has as its parts, a range of entities identified by a policy or regulatory specification.
Draft and under review. Should not be subclassed.
For example, an organization is marked by inclusiveness when the services it provides are, as a matter of policy or regulatory specification, open to a range of communities specified in a policy or legal document.
inclusiveness
A data item which represents the total value of the assets under the control of a person, population or organisation.
wealth
A wealth value which is the sum of human, manufactured, natural, and health capital assets.
the semantics of "inclusive" are yet to be finalised, the "has quality" object property may be changed.
inclusive wealth
A collection composed of natural assets and the environmental services which depend on them.
https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/94 Axiomatise with ENVO:"natural environment" once the import is made.
Natural capital comprises Earth’s natural assets (soil, air, water, flora and fauna), and the ecosystem services resulting from them, which make human life possible, yielding a renewable flow of goods and services that underpin the economy and provide inputs and direct and indirect benefits to businesses and society.
natural capital
An asset which is the output of an environmental process and has not been substantially altered by human activity.
natural asset
A resource consumption value which pertains to the environmental systems which overlap with a national economic system.
DMC
domestic material consumption
A data item which represents the total amount of materials directly used in a national economy, measured in metric tonnes, and computed via direct imports plus materials extracted minus direct exports.
DMC measures the amount of materials that are used in economic processes. It does not include materials that are mobilized [during] the process of domestic extraction but do not enter the economic process.
domestic resource consumption
A process which results in manufacturing becoming the predominant economic activity within a nation or region.
Thresholds for predominance (just a bigger share than any other economic activity? greater than a third of all activity? one half?) would make this class more meaningful.
industrialisation
"A data item which estimates the metric tonnage of resource materials required to serve the final demand of a nation and is computed as raw material equivalent of imports (RMEIM) plus domestic extraction (DE) minus raw material equivalents of exports (RMEEX)."
RMC
Raw Material Consumption
Material footprint (MF) is the attribution of global material extraction to domestic final demand of a country and can be interpreted as an indicator for the material standard of living/level of capitalization of an economy.
material footprint
A data item which estimates the metric tonnage of resource materials imported into or extracted from an environmental system and used as input for economic processes in that system, minus the tonnage of materials exported from that system.
material consumption
resource consumption
A data item that estimates the metric tonnage of all resource materials which are input for the production and consumption activities of a nation's economy and is calculated by adding used domestic extraction with imported materials.
DMI
material input
direct material input
A data item that represents the resource material trade surplus or deficit in of a nation's economy and is calculated in physical units as total amount of resource materials import minus exports.
PTB
physical trade balance
Physical trade balances may also be defined including hidden flows associated with imports and exports (for example on the basis of TMC accounts).
material trade balance
material intensity
A data item which represents the ratio of domestic material consumption to gross domestic product at constant prices.
material intensity of an economy
A data item which represents the ratio of material footprint and total population.
material footprint per capita
A data item which represents the ratio of material input and total population.
material input per capita
A data item which represents the ratio of material trade balance and total population.
physical trade balance per capita
material trade balance per capita
A person that acquires knowledge and skill from some educator during an education process.
student
An asset role which inheres in some independent continuant that is the output of an environmental process and has not been substantially altered by human activity.
A process which produces assets, increases the value of existing assets, leads to the realisation of non-material assets, or reduces the costs associated with some economic process.
A process in which one or more resources are provided to a service recipient by a service provider.
Note that this is close but not semantically equivalent to OBI's service, which must be a planned process. TO DO: define wrt 'resource' and conferring some benefit. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/110
A service in which an ecosystem, usually natural, provides benefit to the well-being of human service consumers.
TO DO : define wrt to established policies and procedures, protections, curricula, etc.
A person that imparts knowledge and skill to one or more students during an education process.
water and sanitation service
The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal.
waste management service
A service in which the service provider conveys the service consumer from one location to another, usually with some form of vehicle.
transportation service
electrical service
emergency service
Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)
Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age
Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable
Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure
Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP)
Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies
Proportion of domestically generated resources allocated by the government directly to poverty reduction programmes
Proportion of total government spending on essential services (education, health and social protection)
Sum of total grants and non-debt-creating inflows directly allocated to poverty reduction programmes as a proportion of GDP
Proportion of government recurrent and capital spending to sectors that disproportionately benefit women, the poor and vulnerable groups
Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)
Prevalence of stunting (height for age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age
Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight)
Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size
Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status
Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium or long-term conservation facilities
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not-at-risk or at unknown level of risk of extinction
The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures
Total official flows (official development assistance plus other official flows) to the agriculture sector
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations
Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 population
Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 population
Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases
Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease
Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders
Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national context as alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol
Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods
Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years; aged 15-19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group
Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population)
Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution
Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)
Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning
Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older
Proportion of the target population covered by all vaccines included in their national programme
Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health sectors
Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis
International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparedness
Proportion of children and young people: (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex
Proportion of children under 5 years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being, by sex
Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age), by sex
Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, by sex
Proportion of youth and adults with information and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill
Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict-affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregated
Proportion of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex
Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in: (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment
Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions)
Volume of official development assistance flows for scholarships by sector and type of study
Proportion of teachers in: (a) pre-primary; (b) primary; (c) lower secondary; and (d) upper secondary education who have received at least the minimum organized teacher training (e.g. pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country
Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex
Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age
Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence
Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18
Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location
Proportion of seats held by women in (a) national parliaments and (b) local governments
Proportion of women in managerial positions
Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care
Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee full and equal access to women and men aged 15 years and older to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education
(a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure
Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control
Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex
Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment
Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services
Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and water
Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality
Change in water-use efficiency over time
Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Degree of integrated water resources management implementation (0-100)
Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation
Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time
Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan
Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management
Proportion of population with access to electricity
Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology
Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption
Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP
International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems
Investments in energy efficiency as a proportion of GDP and the amount of foreign direct investment in financial transfer for infrastructure and technology to sustainable development services
Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita
Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person
Proportion of informal employment in non‑agriculture employment, by sex
Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP
Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP
Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities
Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or training
Proportion and number of children aged 5‑17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age
Frequency rates of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries, by sex and migrant status
Level of national compliance of labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status
Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rate
Proportion of jobs in sustainable tourism industries out of total tourism jobs
(a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults
Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider
Aid for Trade commitments and disbursements
Existence of a developed and operationalized national strategy for youth employment, as a distinct strategy or as part of a national employment strategy
Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road
Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport
Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capita
Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment
Proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value added
Proportion of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit
Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants
Total official international support (official development assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure
Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added
Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology
Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law
Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers
Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of yearly income earned in country of destination
Number of countries that have implemented well-managed migration policies
Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff
Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)
Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted
Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing
Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
Ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate
Proportion of cities with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically
Total expenditure (public and private) per capita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by type of heritage (cultural, natural, mixed and World Heritage Centre designation), level of government (national, regional and local/municipal), type of expenditure (operating expenditure/investment) and type of private funding (donations in kind, private non-profit sector and sponsorship)
Direct economic loss in relation to global GDP, damage to critical infrastructure and number of disruptions to basic services, attributed to disasters
Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities
Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted)
Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
Proportion of persons victim of physical or sexual harassment, by sex, age, disability status and place of occurrence, in the previous 12 months
Proportion of population living in cities that implement urban and regional development plans integrating population projections and resource needs, by size of city
Proportion of financial support to the least developed countries that is allocated to the construction and retrofitting of sustainable, resilient and resource-efficient buildings utilizing local materials
Number of countries with sustainable consumption and production (SCP) national action plans or SCP mainstreamed as a priority or a target into national policies
Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that meet their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by each relevant agreement
Hazardous waste generated per capita and proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment
National recycling rate, tons of material recycled
Number of companies publishing sustainability reports
Number of countries implementing sustainable public procurement policies and action plans
Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development (including climate change education) are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment
Amount of support to developing countries on research and development for sustainable consumption and production and environmentally sound technologies
Number of sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans with agreed monitoring and evaluation tools
Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per unit of GDP (production and consumption) and as a proportion of total national expenditure on fossil fuels
Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other)
Number of countries that have integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula
Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actions
Mobilized amount of United States dollars per year between 2020 and 2025 accountable towards the $100 billion commitment
Number of least developed countries and small island developing States that are receiving specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density
Proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches
Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations
Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels
Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas
Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries
Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology
Progress by countries in the degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries
Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources
Forest area as a proportion of total land area
Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
Progress towards sustainable forest management
Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity
Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits
Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked
Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species
Progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020
Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems
Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age
Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause
Proportion of population subjected to physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months
Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live
Proportion of children aged 1-17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month
Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of exploitation
Proportion of young women and men aged 18‑29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18
Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms
Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population
Total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (in current United States dollars)
Proportion of seized, found or surrendered arms whose illicit origin or context has been traced or established by a competent authority in line with international instruments
Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months
Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months
Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar)
Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services
Proportions of positions (by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups) in public institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributions
Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group
Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age
Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months
Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information
Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles
Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source
Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes
Net official development assistance, total and to least developed countries, as a proportion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross national income (GNI)
Foreign direct investments (FDI), official development assistance and South-South Cooperation as a proportion of total domestic budget
Volume of remittances (in United States dollars) as a proportion of total GDP
Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services
Number of countries that adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries
Number of science and/or technology cooperation agreements and programmes between countries, by type of cooperation
Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed
Total amount of approved funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies
Proportion of individuals using the Internet
Dollar value of financial and technical assistance (including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countries
Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global exports
Average tariffs faced by developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing States
Number of countries with mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development
Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of development cooperation
Number of countries reporting progress in multi-stakeholder development effectiveness monitoring frameworks that support the achievement of the sustainable development goals
Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships
Proportion of sustainable development indicators produced at the national level with full disaggregation when relevant to the target, in accordance with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics
Number of countries that have national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics
Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding
Dollar value of all resources made available to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries
Proportion of countries that (a) have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration
example to be eventually removed
The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
failed exploratory term
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
metadata complete
term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
organizational term
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
ready for release
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
metadata incomplete
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
uncurated
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
pending final vetting
Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes.
core
placeholder removed
An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
terms merged
This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.
term imported
This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.
term split
other
Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf
A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
"definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
Alan Ruttenberg
to be replaced with external ontology term
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
requires discussion
Transformation-ML
ACS
XML
RDF
zip
tar
FCS
Compensation-ML
Gating-ML
OWL
Affymetrix
GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering
GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization
GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization
GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer
Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies)
Nimblegen
Pacific Biosciences
NanoString Technologies
Thermo Fisher Scientific
3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden
2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day
60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day
40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden
end poverty in all its forms everywhere
end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning
achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
ensure access to water and sanitation for all
ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all
build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
reduce inequality within and among countries
make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss
promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies
revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions
Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment
By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality
By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed
Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries
Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round
Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility
By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes
Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate
Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all
Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States
Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks
By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education
By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university
By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship
By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations
By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy
By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development
Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all
By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries
By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States
End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation
Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate
Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life
Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences
Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws
Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women
Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels
By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate
By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management
By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology
By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries
Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead
By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value
By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training
Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment
By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all
Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries
By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization
Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries
Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets
By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities
Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending
Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical suppor
Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities
Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020
By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent
By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries
Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management
By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning
By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials
Implement the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries
By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources
By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses
By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment
By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse
Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle
Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities
By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production
Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities
Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.
Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels
By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics
By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation
By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries
Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets
Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want
Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources
By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts
Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems
Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation
Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities
Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children
Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all
By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime
Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms
Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels
Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance
By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration
Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements
Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime
Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development
Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection
Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries
Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress
Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries
Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism
Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed
Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology
Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation
Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda
Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020
Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access
Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence
Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development
Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development
Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries
Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships
By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts
By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries
MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z
GP(X) part_of complex(Y) enables MF(Z) -> X contributes_to Z
GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity'
GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction'
This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps"
If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this.
inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
effector input is compound function input
Input of effector is input of its parent MF
if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X
if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X
if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X