This is the Sustainable Development Goals Interface Ontology (SDGIO) developed to support the realisation of the SDGs by providing a semantically coherent representations of relevant entities. editor preferred term example of usage has curation status has curation status definition editor note term editor alternative term definition source curator note imported from expand expression to OBO foundry unique label elucidation temporal interpretation If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive A URL referencing the page or thread where class is being or has been discussed in a Community of Practice hosted on the Environment Live portal by UN Environment and GEO. has COP discussion thread A definition which has been endorsed by a UN body such as the UN General Assembly. UN endorsed definition A label which has been endorsed by a UN body such as the UN General Assembly. UN endorsed label An annotation property which has as its value the ID used by the United Nations to identify instances of a target of the sustainable development goals. UN SDG Target ID UNSD SDG indicator code UN SDG Indicator ID UNEP preferred label UNEP definition UNEP ignore is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part realized in realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process is about denotes is_supported_by_data has_specified_input is_specified_input_of has_specified_output is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective objective_achieved_by inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this red color inheres in this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of quality of a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence role of this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has role this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location location of contained in contains a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location located in A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other. coincident with A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. has positive regulatory component activity has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component process A relationship that holds between between a receptor and an chemical entity, typically a small molecule or peptide, that carries information between cells or compartments of a cell and which binds the receptor and regulates its effector function. has ligand directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps true x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x partially overlaps A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b connected to a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of true w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y develops from inverse of develops from develops into process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y) capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) capable of part of true x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role Chris Mungall agent in actively participates in 'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation Chris Mungall has agent has active participant x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x Chris Mungall surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by Chris Mungall surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces has output x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p developmentally preceded by c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. c involved in regulation of p if c enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of p acts upstream of c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables 'p' and p' causally upstream of or within p c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. Chris Mungall results_in_developmental_progression_of results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) Chris Mungall GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results_in_formation_of results in formation of cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, negative effect q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of true A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity. Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex We would like to say if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction. Chris Mungall http://www.geneontology.org/GO.annotation.conventions.shtml#contributes_to In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology. contributes to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time. enables Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. Chris Mungall false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p Chris Mungall actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall input of inverse of has output Chris Mungall output of Chris Mungall formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a attached to x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location spatially coextensive with x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately causally downstream of This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some 'p' and p' regulates some p c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. Chris Mungall executes activity in enables activity in enables activity in is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities and are executing molecular processes that are directly causally connected. An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. Holds between molecular entities a and b when the execution of a activates or inhibits the activity of b Chris Mungall molecularly controls activity directly regulates activity of molecularly controls Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so negatively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. molecularly decreases activity of activity directly negatively regulates activity of Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so positively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. molecularly increases activity of activity directly positively regulates activity of x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. Chris Mungall has part that occurs in true A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entities A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future Chris Mungall determined by (system to material entity) Chris Mungall Pier Buttigieg determined by inverse of determined by Chris Mungall determines (material entity to system) determines s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. Chris Mungall determined by part of true Chris Mungall causally influenced by (material entity to material entity) causally influenced by Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b Chris Mungall causally influences (material entity to material entity) causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. biomechanically related to Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p Chris Mungall has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' Inverse of 'causal agent in' has causal agent process has causal agent A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. related via dependence to Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. directly positively regulates Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Melissa Haendel Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. Melissa Haendel produced by A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. realized in response to stimulus Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. enables subfunction acts upstream of or within, positive effect acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative acts upstream of, negative effect causally upstream of or within, negative effect causally upstream of or within, positive effect r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. triggered by process realized in response to triggered by process RO:cjm entity An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. true continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. true occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) true independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity quality A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) true specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role fiat object part object aggregate site object A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) true generically dependent continuant function An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity immaterial entity true process profile anatomical structure material anatomical entity Material anatomical entity that is a member of an individual species or is a viral or viroid particle. organism or virus or viroid Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. WATER Water oxidane water BOUND WATER H2O HOH Wasser [OH2] acqua agua aqua dihydridooxygen dihydrogen oxide eau hydrogen hydroxide water WATER PDBeChem Water KEGG_COMPOUND oxidane IUPAC water IUPAC BOUND WATER PDBeChem H2O KEGG_COMPOUND H2O UniProt HOH ChEBI Wasser ChEBI [OH2] IUPAC acqua ChEBI agua ChEBI aqua ChEBI dihydridooxygen IUPAC dihydrogen oxide IUPAC eau ChEBI hydrogen hydroxide ChEBI An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. dihydrogen E 949 E-949 E949 H2 Hydrogen molecular hydrogen dihydrogen dihydrogen ChEBI dihydrogen IUPAC E 949 ChEBI E-949 ChEBI E949 ChEBI H2 IUPAC H2 KEGG_COMPOUND H2 UniProt Hydrogen KEGG_COMPOUND molecular hydrogen ChEBI Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological function biological role biological function ChEBI Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides A molecular entity that contains no carbon. anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules elemental molecule homoatomic molecule ChEBI homoatomic molecules ChEBI Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI inorganic hydrides inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI elemental hydrogen Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group compounds main group molecular entities main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides oxygen hydride hydrides of oxygen oxygen hydrides oxygen hydride oxygen hydride ChEBI hydrides of oxygen ChEBI oxygen hydrides ChEBI Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entities polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydrides chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydride ChEBI chalcogen hydrides ChEBI mononuclear parent hydrides mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role physiological role inorganic hydroxides inorganic hydroxy compound inorganic hydroxides ChEBI Any environmental contaminant that is resistant to environmental degradation through photolytic, biological or chemical processes. Such substances can have significant impact on health and the environment, as they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in animal tissue and so biomagnify in food chains. POP POPs persistent organic pollutants persistent organic pollutant POP ChEBI POPs ChEBI persistent organic pollutants ChEBI Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. dietary component dietary components food components food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects. environmental contaminants environmental contaminant environmental contaminants ChEBI Any unwanted chemical in food. The term includes agrochemicals and industrial chemicals that may contaminate foodstuffs during their production, transportation or storage. environmental food contaminants environmental food contaminant environmental food contaminants ChEBI macroscopic spatial feature geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 administrative area administrative division administrative entity boundary region civil area district free trade zone governed place leased area (government) leased zone (government) neutral zone (political) prefecture protectorate sheikdom sultanate trade zone administrative region A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. countries, 1st order division first level subdivision first-order administrative division first-order administrative region A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. countries, 2nd order division second level subdivision second-order administrative division second-order administrative region A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. barrio countries, 3rd order division third level subdivision third-order administrative division third-order administrative region A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. countries, 4th order division fourth level subdivision fourth-order administrative division fourth-order administrative region A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. nation independent nation independent political entity independent sovereign nation country political entity state national geopolitical entity A geographical feature associated with water. fluvial feature hydrographic feature A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. Ocean ocean ocean region ocean A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. Sea sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water sea A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake lake A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. rio braided river river Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface. watercourse Stream stream streams braided stream fork (hydrographic lode millstream stream bend Creek beck brook burn (hydrographic) creek rivulet stream A flowing body of water. culvert dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode narrows overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap awawa barranca beck branch brook course draw moat narrows narrows (hydrographic) watercourse Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. place inhabited place populated place populated places settlement inhabited region populated locality populated place An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody water body A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort. constructed feature construction A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. political entity political entity A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. supranational geopolitical entity An area of land or of a body of water in which management practices, through legal or other effective means, prioritise the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources. protected area area of protected biodiversity A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. major habitat type EcosytemType biome A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm. terrestrial realm terrestrial biome A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. weapons test site A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. nuclear weapons test site Incorporated populated place. urban area city A significant accumulation of water which is part of a marine biome. body of marine water marine waterbody marine water body Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. waste water An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff. An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance. mesoscopic physical object physical object of mesoscopic geological size An environmental feature that is, or can be, contained and is predominantly composed of one or a few types of stuff. MA:ma An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. water Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride. freshwater sweet water fresh water Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, sewage polluted water contaminated water pulp-bleaching waste water A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). waste material A material entity which determines an environmental system. environmental feature A material entity which determines an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 NM:nm ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Drinking water is water which may be consumed by humans with no adverse effects on their health. potable water drinking water A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. A portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. portion of environmental material environmental material A portion of environmental material is a fiat object which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 MA:ma ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/niches.html abiotic mesoscopic physical object A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. marine pelagic feature An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. anthrome human biome anthropogenic terrestrial biome A cropland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for agricultural activity and which contains no village or larger human settlement. cropland biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. village biome A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. rangeland biome A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. dense settlement biome An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. urban biome A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. environment environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor water vapour Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric water vapor atmospheric water vapour An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. anthropogenic environment A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area environmental zone Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in an atmosphere. atmospheric carbon dioxide Atmospheric ozone is an environmental material primarily composed of ozone in its gaseous form and present in an atmosphere. atmospheric ozone atmospheric ozone A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing. lotic water body The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. climate change A volcanic process is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. volcanic eruption Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement with substandard housing in which households lack any one of the following: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient-living area, durability of housing, or security of tenure. slum An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter. explosive eruption An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground. effusive eruption A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants. dense settlement A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. waste role An earthquake is a process whereby part of the surface of a planet shakes due to the passage of seismic waves through rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in a planet's crust is suddenly released. Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes. earthquake A tectonic earthquake is an earthquake caused by the release of elastic strain. A tectonic earthquake occurs when strains in rock masses have accumulated to a point where the resulting stresses exceed the strength of the rocks, and sudden fracturing results. tectonic earthquake A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. megathrust earthquake A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it. polluted lake A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. coast A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. seismic sea wave tidal wave tsunami Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides. mass movement slope movement mass wasting An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface. snowslide snowslip avalanche A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside. landslip landslide process rockfall A subsidence process is a geomorphologic process in which a surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. subsidence geological subsidence mudslide A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material. flow mass wasting flow A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material. mud flow mudflow debris flow A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. lahar A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen. sturzstrom An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity. ash fall process Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water. coastal flooding Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding. riverine flooding Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body. flash flooding An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. flood A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity. coastal flood A riverine flood is a flood which is formed as a result of a river's flow rate exceeding the capacity of its channel. riverine flood A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours. flash flood A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. storm surge A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure. rissaga meteotsunami A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. storm surge process Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off. areal flooding Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems. urban flooding A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface. lava flow process A process in which some input bearing a waste role is consumed to produce an output which bears a resource role. recycling process A carbon emission process is any environmental process which outputs a carbon-bearing gas. carbon emission process carbon-bearing gas emission process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. land consumption process A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. human dwelling A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015 A settlement with a low density of buildings and inhabitants. sparsely populated settlement A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity. rural settlement A settlement which has been established and is managed through officially sanctioned processes and is recognised as legal by a competent authority. formal settlement A settlement which is not associated with or directed by official planning processes and which typically lacks municipal services and infrastructure such as sanitation, water services, and waste management services. informal settlement A settlement on land that the inhabitants have no legal claim to or occupy illegally. illegal settlement A carbon emission process is any environmental process which releases carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere. carbon dioxide emission process A volume of carbon dioxide gas emitted by a carbon dioxide emission process. carbon dioxide emission An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. rural area A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. village An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability. Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area IUCN Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity Important Bird Area Important Mammal Area Important Plant Area Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity Prime Butterfly Area Ramsar Sites key biodiversity area The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. infrastructure public infrastructure A populated place where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally, or where dwellings are not in compliance with current planning and building regulations. informal settlement illegal informal settlement A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity. material extraction process A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. gas gaseous environmental material An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object 1 An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A material part of an astronomical body. astronomical body part An environmental material which is in a liquid state. liquid environmental material A biosphere is a part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. A biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with. biosphere A biosphere is an environmental system which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body, and the non-living and dead entities which they interact with. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate. animal corridor green corridor habitat corridor wildlife corridor ecological corridor An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. mass liquid flow A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. An environmental system which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body. technosphere An environmental system which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology within the gravitational sphere of influence of an astronomical body. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743 http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. construction process An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. environmental system determined by a quality An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. environmental system determined by a material An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment environmental system determined by an organism An environmental system determined by an animal. animal environment Metazoan-associated environment animal-associated environment An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. environment associated with an animal part or small animal An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. environment associated with a plant part or small plant An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline body of water saline water body A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilirium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport advective transport process A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. environmental system process a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. desertification A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. flooding A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. land degradation Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. afforestation The removal of forest and undergrowth to, for example, increase the surface of arable land or to use the timber for construction or industrial purposes. clearance clearing deforestation The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared. reforestation obsolete anthropogenic reforestation true A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process. anthropogenic modulatory intervention process An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans. anthropogenic environmental process An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. hydrological process revegetation An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. pollution environmental pollution A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air. air pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. soil pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into water. water pollution A pollution process during which plastic contaminants are released into an environmental material. plastic pollution An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed. monitoring environmental monitoring A planned process during which the amount of pollutants released into an environmental system is regulated. pollution prevention pollution control A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution. pollution monitoring A pollution process that results in increased levels of pollutants in an urban environment. urban pollution A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. material transport process A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere. gas emission process A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere. hydrocarbon gas emission process A substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal or human being for nutrition or pleasure. foodon product type This is a working folder that holds LanguaL SIREN database product types that need to be reviewed for placement within the food product hierarchy. food product type (to be processed) soft drink water based soft drink water (food product) food product by culinary role root beer water (bottled) Drinking water that has been treated by heat, filtration, chemical disinfection, and/or exposure to ultraviolet radiation (including solar UV). drinking water (purified) cola carbonated beverage fruit-flavored beverage (carbonated) fruit-flavored beverage carbonated ice beverage ginger beer soft drink imitation grape carbonated beverage grapefruit soda imitation black cherry carbonated beverage imitation fruit-flavored carbonated beverage orange carbonated beverage beverage (carbonated, caffeinated) orange carbonated beverage (naturally and artificially flavored) grape carbonated beverage (naturally and artififically flavored) imitation grape drink base imitation grape carbonated beverage (artificially sweetened) imitation black cherry (artificially sweetened) noncarbonated beverage (less than 10% fruit juice) noncarbonated beverage less than 10% fruit juice lemon and lime carbonated beverage (vitamin-fortified) soda water imitation grape drink grape drink (carbonated, artificially flavored and colored, vitamin-fortified) grape drink carbonated artificially flavored and colored vitamin-fortified beverage (carbonated, naturally and artificially sweetened) imitation cherry carbonated beverage (naturally and artificially sweetened) orange carbonated beverage (vitamin fortified) sangria-flavored carbonated beverage beverage (carbonated, amino acid-fortified) beverage carbonated amino acid-fortified cola carbonated beverage (decaffeinated, vitamin-fortified) cola carbonated beverage decaffeinated vitamin-fortified lemon soda beverage (carbonated, vitamin, mineral and amino acid fortified) root beer (sugar free) lemon and lime fruit juice carbonated beverage (10% diluted) lemon and lime fruit juice carbonated beverage 10% diluted pepper-type carbonated beverage (decaffeinated) pepper-type carbonated beverage decaffeinated imitation cherry drink cola carbonated beverage (decaffeinated) cola carbonated beverage (caffeine-free) cola carbonated beverage (caffeine-free, low calorie) cola carbonated beverage caffeine-free low calorie beverage (carbonated, vitamin- and mineral-fortified) beverage carbonated vitamin- and mineral-fortified seltzer water (flavored) water (canned) soda water (artifically sweetened) sparkling dry beverage (nonalcoholic) fruit squash juice drink bar mix seltzer water (flavored and sweetened) mountain water (food product) imitation spring water (bottled) grape beverage (artificially flavored) grape carbonated beverage (artificially colored) beverage (carbonated, guarana-flavored) beverage carbonated guarana-flavored ice (crushed) iodized water for livestock beverage (fruit-flavored, noncarbonated) beverage fruit-flavored noncarbonated horchata chufa fruit-flavored punch (canned) fruit-flavored punch canned soda water concentrate lemonade-flavored drink water (bottled, minerals added) imitation grape punch (artificially flavored) soda water (unflavored, in polyvinyl chloride bottle) bitter lemon drink ginger ale tap water water (processed) tap water (softened) imitation raspberry-flavored drink ginger-flavored drink spring water (bottled) water (carbonated, vitamin c added, bottled) distilled water (bottled) fruit crush drink tonic water spring water soda water (artificially flavored) spring water with white chardonnay wine (food product) seltzer water food product for animal water glacier water as food product soft drink dietetic soft drink not further specified soft drink artificially sweetened soft drink non-cola diet cherry soft drink orange-flavored soft drink soft drink prepared from cherry powder fruit punch canned sport drink (food product) cola carbonated beverage low-calorie imitation fruit flavored drinks and ades noncarbonated refrigerated single-strength imitation fruit flavored drinks and ades frozen concentrates soft drink carbonated canned soft drink noncarbonated soft drink cold soft drink brewed water represented as mineral or spring water (food product) water in sealed container water table prepared beverage (flavored, water-based, nonalcoholic) beverage (water-based, carbonated, with added sweeteners and flavorings) soft drink calorie reduced water for beermaking (food product) soft drink energy-containing sweetener not added product type, other Beverage containing no more than 0.5% alcohol; it may be flavored, sweetened or carbonated; includes soft drinks and steeped beverages; excludes milk in all forms, fruit juices, diluted fruit juices and vegetable juices. nonalcoholic beverage (us cfr) Alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages, fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, and vegetable juices. [FDA CFSAN 1995] beverage (us cfr) Nonalcoholic beverage made from potable water by adding one or more of the following: carbon dioxide, flavoring ingredients or sweeteners. Naturally or artificially carbonated mineral waters are also considered soft drinks. Excludes products containing 15% or more fruit juice, which are indexed by the appropriate narrower term under *FRUIT JUICE OR RELATED PRODUCT*. Includes beverage bases to make soft drinks. Carbonated fruit juices are indexed by *FRUIT JUICE* or *FRUIT JUICE, DILUTED* and *CARBONATED* or the appropriate narrower term. soft drink (us cfr) Beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol; includes distilled spirits, malt beverage, and wine. alcoholic beverage (us cfr) Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995] product type, usa A food product type is a class of food products that is differentiated by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This does not include brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. food product type Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL. product type, u.s. code of federal regulations, title 21 molecular process molecular_function receptor activity Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. biological process physiological process single organism process single-organism process biological_process Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete measurement unit label objective specification action specification datum label software information carrier a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. data item A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. information content entity directive information entity dot plot graph algorithm curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification data format specification data set image data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg data about an ontology part plan specification measurement datum material information bearer histogram heatmap dendrogram scatter plot obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolescence reason specification figure diagram document The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters denotator type documenting all root all all Vira Viridae viruses Viruses Vira Viridae viruses Teleostomi bony vertebrates Euteleostomi bony vertebrates biota cellular organisms biota biota Dipnotetrapodomorpha Boreotheria Boreoeutheria Boreotheria eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria not Bacteria Haeckel 1894 prokaryote prokaryotes Bacteria eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria not Bacteria Haeckel 1894 prokaryote prokaryotes Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Homininae Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Archaebacteria Mendosicutes Metabacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae archaea prokaryote prokaryotes Archaea Archaebacteria Mendosicutes Metabacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae archaea prokaryote prokaryotes eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes Eukaryota eucaryotes eucaryotes eukaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucarya Eucaryotae Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukarya Eukaryotae Eukaryotae eukaryotes eukaryotes Euarchontoglires Anthropoidea Simiiformes Anthropoidea ape apes Hominoidea ape apes tetrapods Tetrapoda tetrapods amniotes Amniota amniotes Theria Theria <Mammalia> Theria Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Metazoa metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Bilateria deuterostomes Deuterostomia deuterostomes Haplorrhini mammals mammals Mammalia mammals mammals Eumetazoa chordates chordates Chordata chordates chordates Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Vertebrata <Metazoa> Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrate> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Sarcopterygii Craniata Craniata <chordata> Craniata eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals Eutheria eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals primate Primata primates Primates primate Primata primates Catarrhini great apes Pongidae Hominidae great apes Pongidae humans Homo humans human man humans Homo sapiens human man planned process regulator role regulatory role material supplier role classified data set processed material investigation material processing specimen role investigation agent role organization plan protocol drawing a conclusion based on data planning regulatory agency material transformation objective manufacturing manufacturing objective study design execution manufacturer role clustered data set specimen collection process class prediction data transformation specimen collection objective support vector machine decision tree induction objective decision tree building data transformation GenePattern software peak matching k-nearest neighbors CART statistical model validation manufacturer service consumer role service provider role processed specimen categorical label service provision objective questionnaire service conclusion based on data categorical value specification value specification collection of specimens histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System histologic grade for ovarian tumor histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification performance status value specification Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification Karnofsky score vaue specification A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. organism specimen data transformation leave one out cross validation method k-means clustering hierarchical clustering dimensionality reduction principal components analysis dimensionality reduction data visualization data transformation objective partitioning data transformation partitioning objective class discovery data transformation class discovery objective class prediction objective cross validation objective clustered data visualization study design A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality (PATO) trait quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. age A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. WordNet:WordNet A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology shape qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation(from_normal) A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. location placement relational spatial quality position A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATOC:GVG A quality in which events occur in sequence. time A quality in which events occur in sequence. PATOC:GVG behavioral quality An age which is relatively high. old An age which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG An age which is relatively low. young An age which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped reduced small tiny decreased size A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. relational physical quality physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG linear quality of a single physical entity A quality which inheres in a continuant. monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality of a solid A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/soliddefinition.htm A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. gaseous quality of a gas A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/gasdefinition.htm PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality of a liquid A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. url:http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/definition/liquid.php A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. protruding relational protruding quality protruding A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. WordNet:WordNet A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary and outwards in relation to the physical space occupied by another entity. extruding from exits through exposed protruding out of A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary and outwards in relation to the physical space occupied by another entity. PATOC:nc A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten. edibleness edibility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten. PATOC:VO A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality of a substance A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. PATOC:GVG handedness left handedness right handedness ambidextrous handedness A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids. A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids. collection of organisms collection of organisms A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. population of organisms A community of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. ecological community A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. single-species collection of organisms A material entity that consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share at meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people. household A collection of organisms of the same species whose members are all either genealogically related to each other or have mated with each other. community A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. multi-species collection of organisms A household in which the majority of the income of its members is derived from agricultural activities. agricultural household A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. organismal entity A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) seedling (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) clonal colony (related) colony (related) whole plant An anatomical structure that is or was part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant structure An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) plant anatomical entity A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 Chris Mungall http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism multi-cellular organism animal Koerper body whole body whole organism multicellular organism Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. anatomical entity An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure length unit mass unit time unit temperature unit substance unit concentration unit volume unit frequency unit volumetric flow rate unit rate unit An objective specification which describes the endpoint of a development process following the Sustainable Development Agenda for 2030. Draft definition, but close to final. sustainable development goal A threshold value of a sustainable development indicator value or a set of threshold values of several such indicators towards or beyond which corresponding indicator values from a socio-economic-environmental system should tend in order to meet a sustainable development goal. sustainable development target A material entity which is composed of one or more parts of an environmental system, including its natural and anthropogenic socioeconomic components, which is thought to represent the state of the entire system. Draft. the "state" must be clarified. Possibly a factor of the parts of the subsystem and their qualities. Note that this may become a subclass of system. sustainable development indicator A data item which represents a sustainable development goal indicator in some quantitative or qualitative system of measurement. DRAFT sustainable development goal indicator value A process in which the parts of a socio-economic-environmental system, as well as their interactions and qualities, transition to meet one or more sustainable development goals. sustainable development process An environmental system which provides access to some resource. That is, the system has the disposition to physically provide and allow use of a given resource and allows the user of that resource to exercise their right and permission to access the resource. Draft. access system A system that provides access to some resource in a sustainable manner. That is, the system provides someone or something the ability, right, and permission to approach and use some resource in a way that will not irreversibly exhaust the resources on which the system depends. Draft. sustainable access system A disposition that inheres in a person or population who bears the ability, right, and permission to approach and use an accessible resource. It is not clear if 'access' is a subclass of 'disposition' or a sibling to 'disposition'. How to best express the reciprocal dependence of an entity’s ability to access and a resource’s accessibility, along with an access system, including the right and permission, is still under development. access It is not clear if 'access' is a subclass of 'disposition' or a sibling to 'disposition'. How to best express the reciprocal dependence of an entity’s ability to access and a resource’s accessibility, along with an access system, including the right and permission, is still under development. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/57 A disposition of a human societal system to recognise and protect, through various means, the ability of an entity to approach and use a resource. right of access The disposition of an environmental system to physically provide a resource to the consumer or user of that resource. Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. The physical ability to approach and use a resource. Someone may have the right and permission to access water in a well, but if the pump is broken, they lack the physical ability to access the water. ability to access A disposition of an environmental system to allow an entity to approach and use a resource. Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Permission is similar to right, except that permission is not granted by a legal authority but controlled by individuals or populations. e.g. someone may have the right to access a well, but someone else may stop them from approaching it. Further, one need not have the right of access for a given resource in order to have the permission to access that resource. permission to access A process during which a resource is consumed and confers some benefit to the user. Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Unclear whether the resource must confer advantage to a user - the user may not be consuming the entity as a resource (i.e. triggering its resource disposition). use of a resource Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Unclear whether the resource must confer advantage to a user - the user may not be consuming the entity as a resource (i.e. triggering its resource disposition). Since we define 'resource' wrt benefit, then "use" of resource implies the realization the resource role. Some process in which a material entity bearing a resource role participates, but does not realize that role, say, child removes twigs from bird nest, would not be a ‘use of resource process’, by definition. The twig’s resource role is realized in the bird’s building process, not child’s taking process. -MJ A process in which a potential consumer of a resource decreases their spatial distance to that resource, acting out of the right, permission, and ability of access. Must be aligned with an upper-level ontology. Unclear if only spatial proximity should be considered here. Also, a consumer need not have the right or permission of access to approach a resource. approaching a resource A material or immaterial entity which may confer benefit to its user or consumer. Access to resources beneficial to humans is a central theme in the SDG process. For eample access to the resources of food, clean water, housing, legal system, health care system, medicine, or the bearer of information. resource A process which is causally within or downstream of another process whose direct or indirect effects cause one or more entities to realise one or more of their dispositions. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is possible. This class may be replaced by a class in EXO, pending a clarification on the scope of its meaning. Right now it is essentially the same as 'interaction'. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/21 https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23253/exposure A process during which an entity is impacted by some agent or preceeding event. exposure Consider that when "E died of exposure to P", E died as an outcome of the processes which were initiated by E's participation in P, in which E's dispositions to react to P (or its parts or participants) were realised. exposure process An exposure process which is causally downstream of or within a flooding process and during which an entity realises one or more of its dispositions. Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely. A process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by flooding. exposure to flooding An exposure process which is causally downstream of or within a coastal flooding process and during which an entity realises one or more of its dispositions. Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely. A process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by coastal flooding. exposure to coastal flooding An exposure process during which a portion of contaminated environmental material is the causal agent in an entity realising one or more of its dispositions. Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely. An exposure process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by a contaminated environmental material. exposure to contaminated environmental material An exposure process during which a portion of contaminated water is the causal agent in an entity realising one or more of its dispositions. Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely. An exposure process during which an entity is impacted by contaminated water impacts an entity. exposure to contaminated water An exposure process which is causally downstream of or within the flooding of a contaminated lake and during which an entity realises one or more of its dispositions. Draft def and class for demo purposes. The semantics of this class are being discussed and are very likely to change. Obsolescence is likely. The relation to contaminated water should be 'composed primarily of'. To be imported. A process during which an entity is directly or indirectly impacted by the flooding of a contaminated lake. exposure to the flooding of a contaminated lake A disposition of a bearer to realise one or more of its vulnerabilities when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a hazard or combination of hazards. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/22 https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23229/risk The possibility that an entity's vulnerabilities will be realised when exposed to a hazard. Risk is increased when harm or damage is realised and when an entity is likely to encounter a hazard in some process. The probability of this disposition being realised can be assigned on the information or data level. risk A disposition of an entity to cause harm or damage to another entity. Many things can have some degree of a 'hazard disposition' (e.g. the floor, a glass, etc). Thus, usage of this class should probably be linked to an estimated probability or a fixed list of hazards. hazard disposition The risk that a bearer realises its vulnerability towards flooding when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a flooding hazard. Draft. risk of flooding The risk that a bearer realises its vulnerability towards drowning when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a drowning hazard. Draft risk of drowning A disposition of an entity to undergo undesirable change in response to some exposure. Note that the definition endorsed by the UN General Assembly references the conditions that increase susceptibility to the impacts of hazards, rather than the susceptibilities themselves. The links between vulnerability, exposure, risk, and hazard are being developed. This definition will be updated accordingly. The definition currently used could be used for 'susceptible' too. Vulnerable has negative connotations. The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards. vulnerability The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf Affordable housing is housing which has been deemed affordable to those with a median household income as rated by a country, State (province), region or municipality using a recognized Housing Affordability Index. In rating affordability, the World Bank and the United Nations recommend the Median Multiple indicator. This indicator rates affordability of housing by dividing the median house price by gross [before tax] annual median household income. affordable housing Affordable housing is housing which has been deemed affordable to those with a median household income as rated by a country, State (province), region or municipality using a recognized Housing Affordability Index. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_housing A vulnerability borne by an entity which may be impacted by flooding. vulnerability towards flooding A vulnerability borne by an entity which may be killed by drowning. vulnerability towards drowning A process which increases an entity's disposition to recover its previous composition, qualities, and functionality following some perturbation. resilience strengthening process A service in which the service provider participates in processes which preserve or improve the service consumer's health status. The use of practical measures for the preservation of public health. sanitation service A service in which the service provider participates in processes which preserve or improve the service consumer's health status. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7443 The use of practical measures for the preservation of public health. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7443 A process during which a visitor travels to and stays in one or more places outside their usual environment for not more than one year for leisure, business, personal matters or any other main purpose not including employment by a resident entity in the country or place visited. "visitor" to be represented: a human which has role visitor with WTO definitions https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/staticunwto/Statistics/Glossary+of+terms.pdf Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence. Tourism refers to the activity of visitors. A visitor is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. A visitor is classified as a tourist (overnight visitor) if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (excursionist) otherwise. Adapted from the definition used by the World Tourism Organization. All the activities performed by the visitor in preparation for and during their trip are parts of this process. tourism Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people to places outside their usual place of residence. Tourism refers to the activity of visitors. A visitor is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. A visitor is classified as a tourist (overnight visitor) if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (excursionist) otherwise. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/tourism/manual.html An ecosystem service in which the material or energy outputs of one or more ecosystem processes benefit a service consumer. provisioning ecosystem service An ecosystem service in which the material or energy outputs of one or more ecosystem processes benefit a service consumer. http://www.teebweb.org/resources/glossary-of-terms/ An ecosystem service in which one or more ecosystem processes benefit a service consumer by buffering the impacts of environmental perturbations. regulating ecosystem service An ecosystem service in which one or more ecosystem processes benefit a service consumer by buffering the impacts of environmental perturbations. http://www.teebweb.org/resources/glossary-of-terms/ An ecosystem service which is necessary for the maintenance of (i.e. supports) all other ecosystem services. habitat ecosystem service Some examples include biomass production, production of atmospheric oxygen, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, water cycling, and provisioning of habitat. (MA, 2005a). supporting ecosystem service An ecosystem service which is necessary for the maintenance of (i.e. supports) all other ecosystem services. http://www.teebweb.org/resources/glossary-of-terms/ Some examples include biomass production, production of atmospheric oxygen, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, water cycling, and provisioning of habitat. (MA, 2005a). http://www.teebweb.org/resources/glossary-of-terms/ An ecosystem service which provides nonmaterial benefits to humans through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience. Examples include providing ecosystem-dependent knowledge systems, social relations, and aesthetic values (MA, 2005a). cultural ecosystem service An ecosystem service which provides nonmaterial benefits to humans through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience. http://www.teebweb.org/resources/glossary-of-terms/ Examples include providing ecosystem-dependent knowledge systems, social relations, and aesthetic values (MA, 2005a). http://www.teebweb.org/resources/glossary-of-terms/ A tangible asset which is at risk of being damaged by or lost during hazardous events. The term "exposure" is often used to refer to the sum of entities, or their value, that are at risk of being damaged or destroyed by some process. We distinguish that from the process of exposure in SDGIO. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23253/exposure The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas. exposure Measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area. These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest. exposed tangible asset A tangible asset which is at risk of being damaged by or lost during hazardous events. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf Measures of exposure can include the number of people or types of assets in an area. These can be combined with the specific vulnerability and capacity of the exposed elements to any particular hazard to estimate the quantitative risks associated with that hazard in the area of interest. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf A vulnerability borne by an entity that may develop respiratory disease. vulnerability towards respiratory disease A self-employment role which is realised when a self-employed person intermittently acts as an employer. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment own-account worker role A self-employment role which is realised when a self-employed person intermittently acts as an employer. http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087562/lang--en/index.htm http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/statistics-overview-and-topics/status-in-employment/current-guidelines/lang--en/index.htm A role realised by a person while engaging in economic activities producing goods and/or providing services, the profits of which they directly depend on for remuneration. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment self-employed role A role realised by a person while engaging in economic activities producing goods and/or providing services, the profits of which they directly depend on for remuneration. http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087562/lang--en/index.htm http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/statistics-overview-and-topics/status-in-employment/current-guidelines/lang--en/index.htm A self-employed role realised by a person while working in an establishment operated by a family member, with a too limited degree of involvement to be considered a partner. A definition of partner is required here. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment contributing family worker role A self-employed role realised by a person while working in an establishment operated by a family member, with a too limited degree of involvement to be considered a partner. http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087562/lang--en/index.htm http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/statistics-overview-and-topics/status-in-employment/current-guidelines/lang--en/index.htm A self-employed role realised by a person while working in a co-operative which produces goods and services and in which members have equal influence upon major decisions concerning the cooperative. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment producer cooperative member role A self-employed role realised by a person while working in a co-operative which produces goods and services and in which members have equal influence upon major decisions concerning the cooperative. http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087562/lang--en/index.htm http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/statistics-overview-and-topics/status-in-employment/current-guidelines/lang--en/index.htm A person that bears a self-employed role. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment self-employed person A person that bears an own-account worker role. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment own-account worker A person that bears a membership role in a producer's cooperative. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment member of producers' cooperative member of a producer cooperative A self-employed person who bears an employer role. The alternative labels arise from the ambiguity of whether a company or corporation is considered an employer in the same way a human is. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment employer employer human employer A person that bears a contributing family worker role. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment contributing family worker This definition of "resilience" is endorsed by the UN General Assembly. Discussions in the SDGIO COP have indicated that defining elements of this class, such as "timely and efficient", will be a challenge. Further, 1) aspects of this definition semantically overlap with with those of adaptation or robustness 2) the dependence on the presence of a hazard may not be equivalent to a perturbation, which is perhaps more neutrally connoted. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23243/resilience The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions through risk management. resilience resilience to hazards The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions through risk management. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf A risk that a bearer will realise vulnerabilities which result in the loss of human life, the injury of humans, or the damage of assets when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a hazard or combination of hazards beyond the bearer's coping capacity. The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity. disaster risk The definition of disaster risk reflects the concept of hazardous events and disasters as the outcome of continuously present conditions of risk. Disaster risk comprises different types of potential losses which are often difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, with knowledge of the prevailing hazards and the patterns of population and socioeconomic development, disaster risks can be assessed and mapped, in broad terms at least. It is important to consider the social and economic contexts in which disaster risks occur and that people do not necessarily share the same perceptions of risk and their underlying risk factors. disaster risk A risk that a bearer will realise vulnerabilities which result in the loss of human life, the injury of humans, or the damage of assets when participating in a process which exposes the bearer to a hazard or combination of hazards beyond the bearer's coping capacity. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf The definition of disaster risk reflects the concept of hazardous events and disasters as the outcome of continuously present conditions of risk. Disaster risk comprises different types of potential losses which are often difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, with knowledge of the prevailing hazards and the patterns of population and socioeconomic development, disaster risks can be assessed and mapped, in broad terms at least. It is important to consider the social and economic contexts in which disaster risks occur and that people do not necessarily share the same perceptions of risk and their underlying risk factors. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf A planned process wherein knowledge and skill is imparted. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/36 education education process A planned process wherein knowledge and skill is imparted. Adapted from: http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/409073007 A role realised by a person when that person performs actions specified by an employer in return for a level of remuneration that is not directly dependent on the revenue generated by the employer's activities. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment employee role A role realised by a person when that person performs actions specified by an employer in return for a level of remuneration that is not directly dependent on the revenue generated by the employer's activities. http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087562/lang--en/index.htm http://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/statistics-overview-and-topics/status-in-employment/current-guidelines/lang--en/index.htm Adapted from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ERO_0000787 A self-employed role which is realised by a person or organization while they engage in an employment relationship with one or more persons to whom they provide remuneration or reward in exchange for labour or expertise. Including organisations complicate the semantics of this class. This must be reviewed. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment employer role A planned process wherein an employee performs actions that are formally or informally specified by an employer in return for remuneration. Add the person or organisation that has an employer role as an active participant once the class has been created. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment employment employment process A person that bears an employee role. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment employee employed person A service which is necessary to sustain human life. Perhaps generalize this class: "any service which is (minimally) necessary for the completion of some objective." Still undecided how 'essential service' relates to 'basic service' and if their usage in the indicators is synonymous. Most likely both classes will be given equivalent axioms so subclasses are inferred. That needs to be worked out. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/63 https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/64 essential service A planned process wherein a person imparts knowledge or skill to one or more people. It is part of an education process. educating process of educating A planned process wherein a person acquires knowledge or skill. It is part of an education process. process of being educated A role which is realised by a person in the process of imparting knowledge and skill to others. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/36 educator role A role which is realised by a person during the process of acquiring knowledge and skill. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/36 educatee role A human dwelling that lacks any one of the following: access to basic services, affordability, habitability, security of tenure, or accessibility. Possibly an equivalency: 'human dwelling' and bearer of some 'inadequate housing quality' http://unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Habitat-III-Issue-Paper-20_Housing-2.0.pdf According to UN Habitat the full criteria for inadequate housing include “location” and “cultural adequacy”. However, a careful reading indicates they are addressed by the other criteria. For example, location near polluted or dangerous areas would also be covered under the description for habitability. inadequate housing A role realised by molecular entity during the process of preventing, treating, diagnosing, or studying disease or disorder. OBI 'drug role', DRON 'clinical drug role', and CHEBIs 'drug' and 'pharmaceutical' all are close matches, but not exact for the usage here. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DRON_00000001 medicine role A material entity that is used in the process of preventing, treating, diagnosing, or studying disease or disorder. drug Medicines are typically drugs or processed materials of some kind, but not always. For example, herbal medicines. Pharmaceutical drugs are types of medicines. As are biopharmaceuticals, such as vaccines or blood products. medicine A material entity that is used in the process of preventing, treating, diagnosing, or studying disease or disorder. Close match: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217 See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug A service which is designed to promote, secure, and maintain the health of an individual human or a population of humans. health care service A service that promotes, secures, and maintains socio-economic rights. Needs definiton source. Should the clause "and the processes that realize them" be added to definition? social protection service A role which is realised by an entity when it confers some benefit to its consumer. Dependent continuants (eg- information) and processes (eg- essential services) are also considered resources. As such these "abstract" resources cannot bear roles. Plausibly it is the independent continuants that participate in such processes (the computer that allows access to the information), or are the bearers of information (the computer's memory disk), which are rightfully considered the resource. resource role A role which is realised by a person during processes of exercising their right to use, occupy, sell, rent, or gift an object (such as a parcel of land). owner role A disease which is transmitted via a medium composed of water. Should be a sublcass of OGMS 'disease' and probably made an equivalent class, aligned with Disease Ontology. water-borne disease Should be a sublcass of OGMS 'disease' and probably made an equivalent class, aligned with Disease Ontology. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/33 A state which has an elevated risk towards a loss of centralized government control and protection, or a lowered resilience to perturbation, or an inability to maintain basic services, or a lack of social equality. Right now a sublcass of ENVO's national geopolitical entity, but this may be revised when more specific semantics are revealed by domain experts in geopolitics. fragile state A disposition of an entity to recover its previous composition, qualities, and functionality following some perturbation. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23243/resilience This disposition is distinct from robustness, which pertains to an entity's ability to resist change when encountering perturbing forces. resilience A right which is protected by a sustainable system. Should this class be aligned with 'safe'? Draft secure right A policy which is actively being implemented and managed in some set of appropriate processes for a long enough time to be generally accepted and functional. Needs to aligned with upper level ontology and placed under a general term 'policy'. Draft established and operational policy A organism or organization that is the bearer of a right. Should be an equivalent class, need to add 'right' (organism or organization) AND bearer of some right draft right bearer A service which is needed by humans to maintain their health and well-being, or enable economic, social, and cultural development. Still undecided how 'essential service' relates to 'basic service' and if their usage in the indicators is synonymous. Most likely both classes will be given equivalent axioms so subclasses are inferred. That needs to be worked out. basic service Still undecided how 'essential service' relates to 'basic service' and if their usage in the indicators is synonymous. Most likely both classes will be given equivalent axioms so subclasses are inferred. That needs to be worked out. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/63 https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/64 A person or population that is not employed, but eligible for and currently seeking employment. Eventually a defined class, axiomitized using classes for employment status. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/37 https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment The criteria varies for deciding if a person who is not employed also qualifies as unemployed. unemployed A person or population that is not employed, but eligible for and currently seeking employment. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2791 A process during which a person or organization, the owner, exercises their right to use, sell, rent, or gift an object. This may be converted into a relation rather than a class. Subrelations such as 'land ownership' would be defined by domain and range constraints. ownership The act of ownership is a process wherein an owner exercises their rights associated with owning and needs to be distinguished from acts associated with right of tenure. ownership process A process during which a person or organization, the owner, exercises their right to use, sell, rent, or gift an object. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=5971&langcode=en&ns=1 A person or organization that participates in an ownership process wherein they realize their role as owner by exercising their right to use, sell, rent, or gift an object. owner A quality inhering in a person by virtue of that person bearing a role realised in an employment process. employment status A person or population that participates in employment processes during a specified time interval. This may have to be a defined class that aggregates `employed person` and `population of employed people`. Individuals or groups in employment are often collectively referred to as "the employed". This term serves to capture that meaning. employed Any entity associated with a rural settlement or area. Defined class for organizational purposes. Should not be subclassed. Should be converted into some form of quality. rural entity A population of humans that lives in a rural settlement or rural area. rural population An employment process which is specified by formal arrangements and does not include illicit activities. The nature of "formal arrangements' is still ambiguous and in need of clarification. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment formal employment formal employment process An employment process which is – in law or in practice – a) not specified or insufficiently specified by formal arrangements; and (b) does not include illicit activities. https://uneplive.unep.org/community/discussion/view/23255/employment informal employment Illicit activities include, in particular, the provision of services or the production, sale, possession or use of goods forbidden by law, including the illicit production and trafficking of drugs, the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, trafficking in persons, and money laundering, as defined in the relevant international treaties. informal employment process An employment process which is – in law or in practice – a) not specified or insufficiently specified by formal arrangements; and (b) does not include illicit activities. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R204 A risk disposition which is very difficult to realise. Defined class for organizational purposes. Need to work out examples of subclasses to see if the definition holds. Having a very low to negligible risk of being harmed. What determines some process or material is safe is dependent on the particular interplay between the processes, their participants, and the potential exposure to hazards, and to some extent, the policies being implemented to confirm or ensure something is safe. It is related to estimation of risk and thresholds. safe Term not further defined. Further input is needed from the legal domain. right A right of a person or population to effective protection of their property rights, especially against evictions or involuntary removal from their land or residence, without appropriate objective legal procedure. security of tenure A right of a person or population to effective protection of their property rights, especially against evictions or involuntary removal from their land or residence, without appropriate objective legal procedure. Derived from http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4307e/y4307e05.htm A medicine that is necessary to meet the priority health-care needs of a population according to treatment prevalence, efficacy, safety, and comparative cost-effectiveness. Essential medicines are intended to be available within the context of functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality, and at a price the individual and the community can afford. essential medicine A medicine that is necessary to meet the priority health-care needs of a population according to treatment prevalence, efficacy, safety, and comparative cost-effectiveness. Source http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4875e/5.2.html#Js4875e.5.2 Essential medicines are intended to be available within the context of functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality, and at a price the individual and the community can afford. Source http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4875e/5.2.html#Js4875e.5.2 A quality of a human dwelling by virtue of its dispositions to provide for its inhabitants: physical safety, adequate space, protection against the elements and other hazards to health and structure. habitability A quality of a human dwelling by virtue of its dispositions to provide for its inhabitants: physical safety, adequate space, protection against the elements and other hazards to health and structure. Source http://unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Habitat-III-Issue-Paper-20_Housing-2.0.pdf A quality of an entity by virtue of it having a cost within the financial means of a person who has a median income. In need of feedback, perhaps best a defined class with inferred subtypes based on their being affordable, such as 'affordable housing', 'affordable education', etc. Draft affordable A disposition of a person or population who bears the ability, right, and permission to utilize available basic services in the community in which they reside. access to basic services A data item about some process of forest loss and which represents a negative change in forest area over a sufficiently long time period. Draft net permanent forest loss A data item which represents the ratio between the gross inland consumption of energy and gross domestic product calculated for a calendar year. The Gross Inland Energy Consumption (GIEC) is calculated as the sum of the gross inland consumption of the five sources of energy: solid fuels, oil, gas, nuclear and renewable sources. To monitor trends, GDP is in constant prices to avoid the impact of inflation, base year 2005. energy intensity A data item which represents the ratio between the gross inland consumption of energy and gross domestic product calculated for a calendar year. Source: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/total-primary-energy-intensity-2 The Gross Inland Energy Consumption (GIEC) is calculated as the sum of the gross inland consumption of the five sources of energy: solid fuels, oil, gas, nuclear and renewable sources. To monitor trends, GDP is in constant prices to avoid the impact of inflation, base year 2005. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/total-primary-energy-intensity-2 A value specification about the quality of water bodies in a given area. Impact and damage to ecosystem functioning and health are difficult to define without the norm specified. This could be formulated like an increased risk of a portion of water from a water body realising its hazard disposition towards an ecosystem or living human. Typically, values for ambient water quality are calculated using the amount of total dissolved solids (TDS); percentage dissolved oxygen (% DO); dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN); dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP); and abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a volume of water sampled from water bodies in an area. Categorical values of this value specification, such as 'good', are specified based on the impact the parameters listed above have on normal ecosystem functioning and human health. ambient water quality A value specification about the quality of water bodies in a given area. http://www.unwater.org/fileadmin/user_upload/unwater_new/docs/Goal%206_Metadata%20Compilation%20for%20Suggested%20Indicators_UN-Water_v2015-12-16.pdf An ambient water quality value which is specified when the water sampled from water bodies in a specified area poses little or no risk to normal ecosystem functioning or human health. Normal ecosystem functioning needs to be defined. good ambient water quality An ambient water quality value which is specified when the water sampled from water bodies in a specified area poses little or no risk to normal ecosystem functioning or human health. http://www.unwater.org/fileadmin/user_upload/unwater_new/docs/Goal%206_Metadata%20Compilation%20for%20Suggested%20Indicators_UN-Water_v2015-12-16.pdf right to tenure A resource under control of some person or organisation which confers an economic benefit to that person or organisation in an economic system. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/94 https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/91 https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/82 asset A resource role inhering in an independent continuant which is realized by conferring an economic benefit to the person or organization which controls it in some economic system. asset role A dispostion which is realised when an entity provides services to, or has as its parts, a range of entities identified by a policy or regulatory specification. Draft and under review. Should not be subclassed. For example, an organization is marked by inclusiveness when the services it provides are, as a matter of policy or regulatory specification, open to a range of communities specified in a policy or legal document. inclusiveness A data item which represents the total value of the assets under the control of a person, population or organisation. wealth A wealth value which is the sum of human, manufactured, natural, and health capital assets. the semantics of "inclusive" are yet to be finalised, the "has quality" object property may be changed. inclusive wealth A collection composed of natural assets and the environmental services which depend on them. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/94 Axiomatise with ENVO:"natural environment" once the import is made. Natural capital comprises Earth’s natural assets (soil, air, water, flora and fauna), and the ecosystem services resulting from them, which make human life possible, yielding a renewable flow of goods and services that underpin the economy and provide inputs and direct and indirect benefits to businesses and society. natural capital Natural capital comprises Earth’s natural assets (soil, air, water, flora and fauna), and the ecosystem services resulting from them, which make human life possible, yielding a renewable flow of goods and services that underpin the economy and provide inputs and direct and indirect benefits to businesses and society. http://www.naturalcapitaldeclaration.org/the-declaration/ An asset which is the output of an environmental process and has not been substantially altered by human activity. raw material natural asset A resource consumption value which pertains to the environmental systems which overlap with a national economic system. DMC domestic material consumption A data item which represents the total amount of materials directly used in a national economy, measured in metric tonnes, and computed via direct imports plus materials extracted minus direct exports. DMC measures the amount of materials that are used in economic processes. It does not include materials that are mobilized [during] the process of domestic extraction but do not enter the economic process. domestic resource consumption A data item which represents the total amount of materials directly used in a national economy, measured in metric tonnes, and computed via direct imports plus materials extracted minus direct exports. http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/metadata-compilation/Metadata-Goal-12.pdf A process which results in manufacturing becoming the predominant economic activity within a nation or region. Thresholds for predominance (just a bigger share than any other economic activity? greater than a third of all activity? one half?) would make this class more meaningful. industrialisation A process which results in manufacturing becoming the predominant economic activity within a nation or region. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=4244 "A data item which estimates the metric tonnage of resource materials required to serve the final demand of a nation and is computed as raw material equivalent of imports (RMEIM) plus domestic extraction (DE) minus raw material equivalents of exports (RMEEX)." MF RMC Raw Material Consumption Material footprint (MF) is the attribution of global material extraction to domestic final demand of a country and can be interpreted as an indicator for the material standard of living/level of capitalization of an economy. material footprint "A data item which estimates the metric tonnage of resource materials required to serve the final demand of a nation and is computed as raw material equivalent of imports (RMEIM) plus domestic extraction (DE) minus raw material equivalents of exports (RMEEX)." http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/metadata-compilation/Metadata-Goal-12.pdf A data item which estimates the metric tonnage of resource materials imported into or extracted from an environmental system and used as input for economic processes in that system, minus the tonnage of materials exported from that system. material consumption resource consumption A data item that estimates the metric tonnage of all resource materials which are input for the production and consumption activities of a nation's economy and is calculated by adding used domestic extraction with imported materials. DMI material input direct material input A data item that represents the resource material trade surplus or deficit in of a nation's economy and is calculated in physical units as total amount of resource materials import minus exports. PTB physical trade balance Physical trade balances may also be defined including hidden flows associated with imports and exports (for example on the basis of TMC accounts). material trade balance material intensity A data item which represents the ratio of domestic material consumption to gross domestic product at constant prices. material intensity of an economy A data item which represents the ratio of material footprint and total population. material footprint per capita A data item which represents the ratio of material input and total population. material input per capita A data item which represents the ratio of material trade balance and total population. physical trade balance per capita material trade balance per capita A person that acquires knowledge and skill from some educator during an education process. student An asset role which inheres in some independent continuant that is the output of an environmental process and has not been substantially altered by human activity. natural asset role A process which produces assets, increases the value of existing assets, leads to the realisation of non-material assets, or reduces the costs associated with some economic process. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/91 processual asset A process in which one or more resources are provided to a service recipient by a service provider. Note that this is close but not semantically equivalent to OBI's service, which must be a planned process. TO DO: define wrt 'resource' and conferring some benefit. https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/110 service A service in which an ecosystem, usually natural, provides benefit to the well-being of human service consumers. environmental service ecosystem service A service in which an ecosystem, usually natural, provides benefit to the well-being of human service consumers. http://www.teebweb.org/resources/glossary-of-terms/ TO DO : define wrt to established policies and procedures, protections, curricula, etc. informal education informal education process TO DO : define wrt to established policies and procedures, protections, curricula, etc. formal education formal education process A person that imparts knowledge and skill to one or more students during an education process. instructor teacher schoolteacher educator water and sanitation service The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal. A service in which the service provider waste management service The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/9092 A service in which the service provider conveys the service consumer from one location to another, usually with some form of vehicle. transportation service electrical service emergency service C010101 1.1.1 Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural) C010201 1.2.1 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age C010202 1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions C010301 1.3.1 Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable C010401 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services C010402 1.4.2 Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure C200303 1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population C010502 1.5.2 Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) C200304 1.5.3 Number of countries that adopt and implement national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 C200305 1.5.4 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies C010a01 1.a.1 Proportion of domestically generated resources allocated by the government directly to poverty reduction programmes C010a02 1.a.2 Proportion of total government spending on essential services (education, health and social protection) C010a03 1.a.3 Sum of total grants and non-debt-creating inflows directly allocated to poverty reduction programmes as a proportion of GDP C010b01 1.b.1 Proportion of government recurrent and capital spending to sectors that disproportionately benefit women, the poor and vulnerable groups C020101 2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishment C020102 2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) C020201 2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting (height for age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age C020202 2.2.2 Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight) C020301 2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size C020302 2.3.2 Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status C020401 2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture C020501 2.5.1 Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium or long-term conservation facilities C020502 2.5.2 Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not-at-risk or at unknown level of risk of extinction C020a01 2.a.1 The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures C020a02 2.a.2 Total official flows (official development assistance plus other official flows) to the agriculture sector C020b02 2.b.1 Agricultural export subsidies C020c01 2.c.1 Indicator of food price anomalies C030101 3.1.1 Maternal mortality ratio C030102 3.1.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel C030201 3.2.1 Under-five mortality rate C030202 3.2.2 Neonatal mortality rate C030301 3.3.1 Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key populations C030302 3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 population C030303 3.3.3 Malaria incidence per 1,000 population C030304 3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 population C030305 3.3.5 Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases C030401 3.4.1 Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease C030402 3.4.2 Suicide mortality rate C030501 3.5.1 Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders C030502 3.5.2 Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national context as alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year in litres of pure alcohol C030601 3.6.1 Death rate due to road traffic injuries C030701 3.7.1 Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods C030702 3.7.2 Adolescent birth rate (aged 10-14 years; aged 15-19 years) per 1,000 women in that age group C030801 3.8.1 Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population) C030802 3.8.2 Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income C030901 3.9.1 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution C030902 3.9.2 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services) C030903 3.9.3 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning C030a01 3.a.1 Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older C030b01 3.b.1 Proportion of the target population covered by all vaccines included in their national programme C030b02 3.b.2 Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health sectors C030b03 3.b.3 Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis C030c01 3.c.1 Health worker density and distribution C030d01 3.d.1 International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparedness C040101 4.1.1 Proportion of children and young people: (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex C040201 4.2.1 Proportion of children under 5 years of age who are developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being, by sex C040202 4.2.2 Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age), by sex C040301 4.3.1 Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, by sex C040401 4.4.1 Proportion of youth and adults with information and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill C040501 4.5.1 Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict-affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregated C040601 4.6.1 Proportion of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex C040701 4.7.1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in: (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment C040a01 4.a.1 Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions) C040b01 4.b.1 Volume of official development assistance flows for scholarships by sector and type of study C040c01 4.c.1 Proportion of teachers in: (a) pre-primary; (b) primary; (c) lower secondary; and (d) upper secondary education who have received at least the minimum organized teacher training (e.g. pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country C050101 5.1.1 Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex C050201 5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age C050202 5.2.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence C050301 5.3.1 Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18 C050302 5.3.2 Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age C050401 5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location C050501 5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in (a) national parliaments and (b) local governments C050502 5.5.2 Proportion of women in managerial positions C050601 5.6.1 Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care C050602 5.6.2 Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee full and equal access to women and men aged 15 years and older to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education C050a01 5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure C050a02 5.a.2 Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control C050b01 5.b.1 Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex C050c01 5.c.1 Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment C060101 6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services C060201 6.2.1 Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and water C060301 6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated C060302 6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality C060401 6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency over time C060402 6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources C060501 6.5.1 Degree of integrated water resources management implementation (0-100) C060502 6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation C060601 6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time C060a01 6.a.1 Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan C060b01 6.b.1 Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management C070101 7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity C070102 7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology C070201 7.2.1 Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption C070301 7.3.1 Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP C070a01 7.a.1 International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems C070b01 7.b.1 Investments in energy efficiency as a proportion of GDP and the amount of foreign direct investment in financial transfer for infrastructure and technology to sustainable development services C080101 8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita C080201 8.2.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person C080301 8.3.1 Proportion of informal employment in non‑agriculture employment, by sex C200202 8.4.1 Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP C200203 8.4.2 Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP C080501 8.5.1 Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities C080502 8.5.2 Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities C080601 8.6.1 Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or training C080701 8.7.1 Proportion and number of children aged 5‑17 years engaged in child labour, by sex and age C080801 8.8.1 Frequency rates of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries, by sex and migrant status C080802 8.8.2 Level of national compliance of labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status C080901 8.9.1 Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rate C080902 8.9.2 Proportion of jobs in sustainable tourism industries out of total tourism jobs C081001 8.10.1 (a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults C081002 8.10.2 Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider C080a01 8.a.1 Aid for Trade commitments and disbursements C080b01 8.b.1 Existence of a developed and operationalized national strategy for youth employment, as a distinct strategy or as part of a national employment strategy C090101 9.1.1 Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road C090102 9.1.2 Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport C090201 9.2.1 Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capita C090202 9.2.2 Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment C090301 9.3.1 Proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value added C090302 9.3.2 Proportion of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit C090401 9.4.1 CO2 emission per unit of value added C090501 9.5.1 Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP C090502 9.5.2 Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants C090a01 9.a.1 Total official international support (official development assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure C090b01 9.b.1 Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added C090c01 9.c.1 Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology C100101 10.1.1 Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population C100201 10.2.1 Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities C200204 10.3.1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law C100401 10.4.1 Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers C100501 10.5.1 Financial Soundness Indicators C200205 10.6.1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations C100701 10.7.1 Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of yearly income earned in country of destination C100702 10.7.2 Number of countries that have implemented well-managed migration policies C100a01 10.a.1 Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff C100b01 10.b.1 Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows) C100c01 10.c.1 Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted C110101 11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing C110201 11.2.1 Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age and persons with disabilities C110301 11.3.1 Ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate C110302 11.3.2 Proportion of cities with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically C110401 11.4.1 Total expenditure (public and private) per capita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage, by type of heritage (cultural, natural, mixed and World Heritage Centre designation), level of government (national, regional and local/municipal), type of expenditure (operating expenditure/investment) and type of private funding (donations in kind, private non-profit sector and sponsorship) C110502 11.5.2 Direct economic loss in relation to global GDP, damage to critical infrastructure and number of disruptions to basic services, attributed to disasters C110601 11.6.1 Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities C110602 11.6.2 Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted) C110701 11.7.1 Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities C110702 11.7.2 Proportion of persons victim of physical or sexual harassment, by sex, age, disability status and place of occurrence, in the previous 12 months C110a01 11.a.1 Proportion of population living in cities that implement urban and regional development plans integrating population projections and resource needs, by size of city C110c01 11.c.1 Proportion of financial support to the least developed countries that is allocated to the construction and retrofitting of sustainable, resilient and resource-efficient buildings utilizing local materials C120101 12.1.1 Number of countries with sustainable consumption and production (SCP) national action plans or SCP mainstreamed as a priority or a target into national policies C120301 12.3.1 Global food loss index C120401 12.4.1 Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste, and other chemicals that meet their commitments and obligations in transmitting information as required by each relevant agreement C120402 12.4.2 Hazardous waste generated per capita and proportion of hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment C120501 12.5.1 National recycling rate, tons of material recycled C120601 12.6.1 Number of companies publishing sustainability reports C120701 12.7.1 Number of countries implementing sustainable public procurement policies and action plans C120801 12.8.1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development (including climate change education) are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher education; and (d) student assessment C120a01 12.a.1 Amount of support to developing countries on research and development for sustainable consumption and production and environmentally sound technologies C120b01 12.b.1 Number of sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans with agreed monitoring and evaluation tools C120c01 12.c.1 Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per unit of GDP (production and consumption) and as a proportion of total national expenditure on fossil fuels C130201 13.2.1 Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other) C130301 13.3.1 Number of countries that have integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula C130302 13.3.2 Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actions C130a01 13.a.1 Mobilized amount of United States dollars per year between 2020 and 2025 accountable towards the $100 billion commitment C130b01 13.b.1 Number of least developed countries and small island developing States that are receiving specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities C140101 14.1.1 Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density C140201 14.2.1 Proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches C140301 14.3.1 Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations C140401 14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels C140501 14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas C140601 14.6.1 Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing C140701 14.7.1 Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries C140a01 14.a.1 Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology C140b01 14.b.1 Progress by countries in the degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries C140c01 14.c.1 Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources C150101 15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area C150102 15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type C150201 15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management C150301 15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area C150401 15.4.1 Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity C150402 15.4.2 Mountain Green Cover Index C150501 15.5.1 Red List Index C150601 15.6.1 Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits C200206 15.7.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked C150801 15.8.1 Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species C150901 15.9.1 Progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 C200207 15.a.1 Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems C160101 16.1.1 Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age C160102 16.1.2 Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause C160103 16.1.3 Proportion of population subjected to physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months C160104 16.1.4 Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live C160201 16.2.1 Proportion of children aged 1-17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month C160202 16.2.2 Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of exploitation C160203 16.2.3 Proportion of young women and men aged 18‑29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 C160301 16.3.1 Proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms C160302 16.3.2 Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population C160401 16.4.1 Total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (in current United States dollars) C160402 16.4.2 Proportion of seized, found or surrendered arms whose illicit origin or context has been traced or established by a competent authority in line with international instruments C160501 16.5.1 Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months C160502 16.5.2 Proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months C160601 16.6.1 Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar) C160602 16.6.2 Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services C160701 16.7.1 Proportions of positions (by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups) in public institutions (national and local legislatures, public service, and judiciary) compared to national distributions C160702 16.7.2 Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group C160901 16.9.1 Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age C161001 16.10.1 Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months C161002 16.10.2 Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information C160a01 16.a.1 Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles C170101 17.1.1 Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP, by source C170102 17.1.2 Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes C170201 17.2.1 Net official development assistance, total and to least developed countries, as a proportion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross national income (GNI) C170301 17.3.1 Foreign direct investments (FDI), official development assistance and South-South Cooperation as a proportion of total domestic budget C170302 17.3.2 Volume of remittances (in United States dollars) as a proportion of total GDP C170401 17.4.1 Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services C170501 17.5.1 Number of countries that adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries C170601 17.6.1 Number of science and/or technology cooperation agreements and programmes between countries, by type of cooperation C170602 17.6.2 Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed C170701 17.7.1 Total amount of approved funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies C170801 17.8.1 Proportion of individuals using the Internet C170901 17.9.1 Dollar value of financial and technical assistance (including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countries C171001 17.10.1 Worldwide weighted tariff-average C171101 17.11.1 Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global exports C171201 17.12.1 Average tariffs faced by developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing States C171301 17.13.1 Macroeconomic Dashboard C171401 17.14.1 Number of countries with mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development C171501 17.15.1 Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of development cooperation C171601 17.16.1 Number of countries reporting progress in multi-stakeholder development effectiveness monitoring frameworks that support the achievement of the sustainable development goals C171701 17.17.1 Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships C171801 17.18.1 Proportion of sustainable development indicators produced at the national level with full disaggregation when relevant to the target, in accordance with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics C171802 17.18.2 Number of countries that have national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics C171803 17.18.3 Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding C171901 17.19.1 Dollar value of all resources made available to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries C171902 17.19.2 Proportion of countries that (a) have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years; and (b) have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration example to be eventually removed The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot core placeholder removed An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split other true Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion Transformation-ML ACS XML RDF zip tar FCS Compensation-ML Gating-ML OWL Affymetrix Thermo Waters BIO-RAD GenePattern hierarchical clustering Ambion Helicos Roche Illumina GenePattern PCA GenePattern module SVM GenePattern k-nearest neighbors GenePattern LOOCV GenePattern k-means clustering Agilent GenePattern module KMeansClustering GenePattern CART GenePattern module CARTXValidation Li-Cor Bruker Corporation GenePattern module KNNXValidation GenePattern module PeakMatch GenePattern module KNN GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering GenePattern SVM Applied Biosystems GenePattern module PCA GenePattern peak matching Bruker Daltonics GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization GenePattern module HeatMapViewer GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan U.S. Food and Drug Administration right handed ambidexterous left handed Edingburgh handedness inventory eBioscience Cytopeia Exalpha Biological Apogee Flow Systems Exbio Antibodies Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences) Dako Cytomation Millipore Antigenix Partec Beckman Coulter Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies) Miltenyi Biotec AES Chemunex Bentley Instruments Invitrogen Luminex CytoBuoy Nimblegen Pacific Biosciences NanoString Technologies Thermo Fisher Scientific G1: Well differentiated G2: Moderately differentiated G3: Poorly differentiated G4: Undifferentiated G1 (Fuhrman) G2 (Fuhrman) G3 (Fuhrman) G4 (Fuhrman) Low grade ovarian tumor High grade ovarian tumor G1 (WHO) G2 (WHO) G3 (WHO) G4 (WHO) pT0 (colon) pTis (colon) pT1 (colon) pT2 (colon) pT3 (colon) pT4a (colon) pT4b (colon) pT0 (lung) pTis (lung) pT1 (lung) pT1a (lung) pT1b (lung) pT2 (lung) pT2a (lung) pT2b (lung) pT3 (lung) pT4 (lung) pT0 (kidney) pT1 (kidney) pT1a (kidney) pT1b (kidney) pT2 (kidney) pT2a (kidney) pT2b (kidney) pT3 (kidney) pT3a (kidney) pT3b (kidney) pT3c (kidney) pT4 (kidney) pT0 (ovary) pT1 (ovary) pT1a (ovary) pT1b (ovary) pT1c (ovary) pT2 (ovary) pT2a (ovary) pT2b (ovary) pT2c (ovary) pT3 (ovary) pT3a (ovary) pT3b (ovary) pT3c (ovary) pN0 (colon) pN1 (colon) pN1a (colon) pN1b (colon) pN1c (colon) pN2 (colon) pN2a (colon) pN2b (colon) pN0 (lung) pN1 (lung) pN2 (lung) pN3 (lung) pN0 (kidney) pN1 (kidney) pN0 (ovary) pN1 (ovary) cM0 (colon) cM1 (colon) cM1a (colon) cM1b (colon) pM1 (colon) pM1a (colon) pM1b (colon) cM0 (lung) cM1 (lung) cM1a (lung) cM1b (lung) pM1 (lung) pM1a (lung) pM1b (lung) cM0 (kidney) cM1 (kidney) pM1 (kidney) cM0 (ovary) cM1 (ovary) pM1 (ovary) Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th) Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) Stage I (AJCC 7th) Stage IIA (AJCC 7th) Stage IIB (AJCC 7th) Stage IIC (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th) Stage IVA (AJCC 7th) Stage IVB (AJCC 7th) Stage IA (FIGO) Stage IA1 (FIGO) Stage IA2 (FIGO) Stage IB (FIGO) Stage IB1 (FIGO) Stage IB2 (FIGO) Stage IIA (FIGO) Stage IIA1 (FIGO) Stage IIA2 (FIGO) Stage IIB (FIGO) Stage IIIA (FIGO) Stage IIIB (FIGO) Stage IVA (FIGO) Stage IVB (FIGO) Stage 1 (FIGO) Stage 1A (FIGO) Stage 1B (FIGO) Stage 1C (FIGO) Stage 2 (FIGO) Stage 2A (FIGO) Stage 2B (FIGO) Stage 2C (FIGO) Stage 3 (FIGO) Stage 3A (FIGO) Stage 3B (FIGO) Stage 3C (FIGO) Stage 4 (FIGO) Stage Unknown (FIGO) 3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden 2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day 4: bed ridden 0: asymptomatic 1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory 100: asymptomatic 80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory 60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day 40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden meter kilogram second centimeter millimeter micrometer nanometer angstrom gram milligram microgram nanogram picogram degree Celsius minute hour day week month year micromole nanomole picomole molar millimolar micromolar nanomolar picomolar cubic centimeter milliliter liter cubic decimeter microliter nanoliter picoliter hertz mass percentage mass volume percentage volume percentage gram per liter milligram per milliliter degree Fahrenheit pH milliliter per liter gram per deciliter colony forming unit per volume microliters per minute count per nanomolar second count per molar second count per nanomolar count per molar microgram per liter http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/poverty/ SDG1 Sustainable Development Goal 1 end poverty in all its forms everywhere http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/ SDG2 Sustainable Development Goal 2 end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/ SDG3 Sustainable Development Goal 3 ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/education/ SDG4 Sustainable Development Goal 4 ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/ SDG5 Sustainable Development Goal 5 achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/ SDG6 Sustainable Development Goal 6 ensure access to water and sanitation for all http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/energy/ SDG7 Sustainable Development Goal 7 ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/economic-growth/ SDG8 Sustainable Development Goal 8 promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/infrastructure-industrialization/ SDG9 Sustainable Development Goal 9 build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/inequality/ SDG10 Sustainable Development Goal 10 reduce inequality within and among countries http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities/ SDG11 Sustainable Development Goal 11 make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-consumption-production/ SDG12 Sustainable Development Goal 12 ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/climate-change-2/ SDG13 Sustainable Development Goal 13 take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/ SDG14 Sustainable Development Goal 14 conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/biodiversity/ SDG15 Sustainable Development Goal 15 sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/ SDG16 Sustainable Development Goal 16 promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies SDG17 Sustainable Development Goal 17 revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters 1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions 1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons 2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment 2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality 2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed 2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries 2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round 2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births 3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births 3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being 3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes 3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination 3.a Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate 3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all 3.c Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States 3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education 4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university 4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship 4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations 4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy 4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development 4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all 4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries 4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States 5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation 5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation 5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate 5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life 5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences 5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws 5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women 5.c Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally 6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity 6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate 6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes 6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies 6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services 7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix 7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency 7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology 7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support 8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries 8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors 8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services 8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead 8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value 8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training 8.7 Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms 8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment 8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products 8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all 8.a Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries 8.b By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all 9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries 9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets 9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities 9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending 9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical suppor 9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities 9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020 10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average 10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status 10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard 10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality 10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations 10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions 10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies 10.a Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements 10.b Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes 10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent 11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums 11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries 11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities 11.a Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning 11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels 11.c Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials 12.1 Implement the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries 12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources 12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses 12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse 12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle 12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities 12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature 12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production 12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products 12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities 13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning 13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning 13.a Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible 13.b Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change. Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities 14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution 14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans 14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels 14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics 14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information 14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation 14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism 14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries 14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets 14.c Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want 17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources 15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements 15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally 15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world 15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development 15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species 15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed 15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products 15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species 15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts 15.a Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems 15.b Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation 15.c Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities 16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere 16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children 16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all 16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime 16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms 16.6 Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels 16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels 16.8 Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance 16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration 16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements 16.a Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime 16.b Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development 17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection 17.2 http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/globalpartnerships/ Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries 17.4 Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress 17.5 Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries 17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism 17.7 Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed 17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology 17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation 17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda 17.11 Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countries’ share of global exports by 2020 17.12 Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access 17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence 17.14 Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development 17.15 Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development 17.16 Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries 17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships 17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts 17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries indicator has target true true true true MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z infer input from direct reg true GP(X) part_of complex(Y) enables MF(Z) -> X contributes_to Z contrib to MF GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP From ligand activity to has_ligand This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps" If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction From has_ligand to ligand activity effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X