en
Artistic License 2.0
This is a core version which contains all but deprecated classes.
Kinetic Simulation Algorithm Ontology (KiSAO)
http://co.mbine.org/standards/kisao
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/22027554
2.34
The Kinetic Simulation Algorithm Ontology (KiSAO) classifies algorithms available for the simulation and analysis of models in biology, and their characteristics and the parameters required for their use.
has characteristic
'has characteristic' links algorithms to the characteristics they possess.
is hybrid of
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bib/bbn050
The basic idea of hybrid simulation methods is to combine the advantages of complementary simulation approaches: the whole system is subdivided into appropriate parts and different simulation methods operate on these parts at the same time.
'is hybrid of' is a relation between the complex simulation method and algorithms it applies to the different parts of the system.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bib/bbn050
Biochemical simulations: stochastic, approximate stochastic and hybrid approaches. Pahle J. Brief Bioinform. 2009 Jan;10(1):53-64. Epub 2009 Jan 16.
is parameter of
'is parameter of' is an inverse of 'has parameter' and links parameters to the algorithms which use them.
has parameter
'has parameter' links algorithms to the parameters they use.
is characteristic of
'is characteristic of' is an inverse of 'has characteristic' and links characteristics to the algorithms which possess them.
2011-06-10
AZ
is similar to
A relationship indicating that two entities are similar to each other.
2011-06-10
AZ
uses
A relation between algorithms indicating that one algorithm uses another one (for example, if the algorithm switches between several algorithms).
2011-06-10
AZ
is generalization of
A relation between kinetic simulation algorithms, indicating that one is a generalization of another (e.g.if one extends another to suit systems with more general characteristics ).
2011-07-19
AZ
is used by
A relation between algorithms indicating that one algorithm is used by another one (for example, if the algorithm switches between several algorithms). 'is used by' is inverse of 'uses'.
has type
Indicates the type of algorithm parameter value, such as, for example, xsd:double for 'absolute tolerance'.
has Runge-Kutta method order
Indicates the order of a 'Runge-Kutta based method' [urn.miriam.biomodels.kisao:KISAO_0000064]. A 'Runge-Kutta based method' has order p if for sufficiently smooth initial value problems (y'=f(x,y), y(x0)=y0), ||y(x0 + h)-y1||<=Kh^(p+h).
2008-05-26
dk
true
modelling and simulation algorithm
modeling and simulation algorithm
Algorithm used to instantiate a simulation from a mathematical model.
2009-01-24
NLN
weighted stochastic simulation algorithm
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/19045316
weighted SSA
The weighted stochastic simulation algorithm manipulates the probabilities measure of biochemical systems by sampling, in order to increase the fraction of simulation runs exhibiting rare events.
weighted SSA
EXACT
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/19045316
Kuwahara H, Mura I. (2008) An efficient and exact stochastic simulation method to analyse rare events in biochemical systems. J Chem Phys. 129(16):165101.
2007-11-09
NLN
Cain
Gillespie first reaction algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0021-9991(76)90041-3
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1021/j100540a008
Gillespie's first reaction method
Stochastic simulation algorithm using the reaction probability density function (next-reaction density function), giving the probability that the next reaction will happen in a given time interval. To choose the next reaction to fire, the algorithm calculates a tentative reaction time for each reaction and then select the smallest.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0021-9991(76)90041-3
Gillespie DT. A General Method for Numerically Simulating the Stochastic Time Evolution of Coupled Chemical Reactions. Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 2 , pages 403-434 (1976).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1021/j100540a008
Gillespie DT. Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81, No. 25. (1977), pp. 2340-2361.
Gillespie's first reaction method
EXACT
StochSim
multi-state agent-based simulation method
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/9628844
Morton-Firth
The agent-based simulation method instantiates each molecule as an individual software object. The interactions between those objects are determined by interaction probabilities according to experimental data. The probability is depended on the state the molecule is in at that specific time (molecules have multiple-state). Additionally, ''pseudo-molecules'' are introduced to the system in order to simulate unimolecular reactions. For simulation, continuous time is broken down into discrete, independent ''slices''. During each time slice one molecule is selected randomly, a second molecule or pseudo-molecule is selected afterwards (leading to either a unimolecular or a bimolecular reaction). The reaction will only take place if a produced random number exceeds the reaction probability calculated beforehand. In that case, the system is updated after that reaction.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/9628844
Morton-Firth, C.J, Bray, D. Predicting temporal fluctuations in an intracellular signalling pathway. Journal of Theoretical Biology, volume 192, pages 117-128 (1998).
Morton-Firth
EXACT
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2007-11-30
dk
SBML-SAT
SUNDIALS
libRoadRunner
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/pysces
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
CVODE
citeulike:1832863
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
VODE
VODEPK
code value ordinary differential equation solver
The CVODE is a package written in C that solves ODE initial value problems, in real N-space, written as y'=f(t,y), y(t0)=y0. It is capable for stiff and non-stiff systems and uses two different linear multi-step methods, namely the Adam-Moulton [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000280] method and the backward differentiation formula [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000288].
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
BioNetGen
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/pysces
PySCeS
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
citeulike:1832863
Cohen S, Hindmarsh C. Cvode, A Stiff/nonstiff Ode Solver In C. Computers in Physics, Vol. 10 (2), pages 138-143 (1996).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
Hindmarsh, A. C., et al., SUNDIALS: Suite of Nonlinear and Differential/Algebraic Equation Solvers, ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 31:363-396, 2005.
VODE
RELATED
VODEPK
RELATED
code value ordinary differential equation solver
EXACT
SUNDIALS
PVODE
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1177/109434209901300405
parallel code value ordinary differential equation solver
PVODE is a general-purpose solver for ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems that implements methods for both stiff and nonstiff systems. [...] In the stiff case, PVODE uses a backward differentiation formula method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000288] combined with preconditioned GMRES [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000253] iteration. Parallelism is achieved by distributing the ODE solution vector into user-specified segments and parallelizing a set of vector kernels accordingly. For PDE-based ODE systems, we provide a module that generates a band block-diagonal preconditioner for use with the GMRES [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000253] iteration. PVODE is based on CVODE [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000019].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
Hindmarsh, A. C., et al., SUNDIALS: Suite of Nonlinear and Differential/Algebraic Equation Solvers, ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 31:363-396, 2005.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1177/109434209901300405
Byrne GD, Hindmarsh AC. PVODE, an ODE Solver for Parallel Computers. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, Vol. 13 (4), pages 354-365 (1999).
parallel code value ordinary differential equation solver
EXACT
Stochsim 1.2 and more recent versions
StochSim nearest-neighbour algorithm
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/11395441
The nearest-neighbour algorithm allows for the representation of spatial information, by adding a two-dimensional lattice in the form of a probabilistic cellular automata. That way, nearest neighbour interactions do additionally influence reactions taking place in the systems. Reactions between entities are calculated using the agent-based simulation algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000017].
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/11395441
Le Novere N, Shimizu TS. STOCHSIM: modelling of stochastic biomolecular processes. Bioinformatics, volume 17 (6), pages 575-576 (2001).
MesoRD
SmartCell
Elf and Ehrenberg method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1049/sb:20045021
Elf algorithm
NSM
next-subvolume method
Sub-volume stochastic reaction-diffusion method that is a combination of the Direct Method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] for sampling the time for a next reaction or diffusion event in each subvolume, with Gibson and Bruck's Next Reaction Method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000027], which is used to keep track of in which subvolume an event occurs next. The subvolumes are kept sorted in a queue, implemented as a binary tree, according to increasing time of the next event. When an event has occurred in the subvolume at the top of the queue, new event times need to be sampled only for one (the event is a chemical reaction) or two (the event is a diffusion jump) subvolume(s).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1049/sb:20045021
Elf J, Ehrenberg M. Spontaneous separation of bi-stable biochemical systems into spatial domains of opposite phases. Systems Biology, IEE Proceedings, volume 1 (2), pages 230-236 (2004).
Elf algorithm
EXACT
NSM
EXACT
next-subvolume method
EXACT
2007-11-10
dk
Cain
SmartCell
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
Gibson-Bruck next reaction algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1021/jp993732q
Gibson and Bruck algorithm
Gibson-Bruck's next reaction algorithm
Gillespie-Gibson stochastic simulation algorithm
SSA-GB
next reaction method
As with the first reaction method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000015], a putative reaction time is calculated for each reaction, and the reaction with the shortest reaction time will be realized. However, the unused calculated reaction times are not wasted. The set of reactions is organized in a priority queue to allow for the efficient search for the fastest reaction. In addition, by using a so-called dependency graph only those reaction times are recalculated in each step, that are dependent on the reaction, which has been realized.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
E-Cell
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1021/jp993732q
Gibson MA, Bruck J. Efficient Exact Stochastic Simulation of Chemical Systems with Many Species and Many Channels. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 104, pages 1876-1889 (2000).
Gibson and Bruck algorithm
EXACT
Gibson-Bruck's next reaction algorithm
EXACT
Gillespie-Gibson stochastic simulation algorithm
EXACT
SSA-GB
EXACT
next reaction method
EXACT
slow-scale stochastic simulation algorithm
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/15638651
slow-scale stochastic SSA
ssSSA
Attempt to overcome the problem of stiff systems by developing an ''approximate theory that allows one to stochastically advance the system in time by simulating the firings of only the slow reaction events''.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/15638651
Cao Y, Gillespie DT, Petzold LR. The slow-scale stochastic simulation algorithm. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 122, No. 1. (1 January 2005).
slow-scale stochastic SSA
EXACT
ssSSA
EXACT
2007-11-10
dk
BetaWB
ByoDyn
Cain
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
Gillespie direct algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0021-9991(76)90041-3
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1021/j100540a008
DM
Doob-Gillespie method
Gillespie's algorithm
Gillespie's direct method
SSA
stochastic simulation algorithm
Stochastic simulation algorithm using the reaction probability density function (next-reaction density function), giving the probability that the next reaction will happen in a given time interval. To choose the next reaction to fire, the algorithm directly and separately calculates the identity of the reaction and the time it will fire.
Gillespie's algorithm
EXACT
Gillespie's direct method
EXACT
SSA
EXACT
stochastic simulation algorithm
EXACT
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
BioNetGen
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0021-9991(76)90041-3
Gillespie DT. A General Method for Numerically Simulating the Stochastic Time Evolution of Coupled Chemical Reactions. Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 2 , pages 403-434 (1976).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1021/j100540a008
Gillespie DT. Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81, No. 25. (1977), pp. 2340-2361.
DM
EXACT
Doob-Gillespie method
EXACT
2007-11-10
dk
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
Euler forward method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
explicit Euler method
explicit Gaussian first order Runge-Kutta
The Euler method is an explicit one-step method for the numerical integration of ODES with a given initial value. The calculation of the next integration step at time t+1 is based on the state of the system at time point t.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP. Numerical Recipes. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2nd edition (1992).
explicit Euler method
EXACT
explicit Gaussian first order Runge-Kutta
EXACT
2007-11-02
dk
GSL
Euler backward method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
implicit Euler method
implicit Gaussian first order Runge-Kutta
The Euler backward method is an implicit one-step method for the numerical integration of ODES with a given initial value. The next state of a system is calculated by solving an equation that considers both, the current state of the system and the later one.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77. Cambridge University Press (2001).
implicit Euler method
EXACT
implicit Gaussian first order Runge-Kutta
EXACT
4
2007-11-12
dk
GSL
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
explicit fourth-order Runge-Kutta method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0-471-91046-5
ERK4
RK4
Runge-Kutta method
The Runge-Kutta method is a method for the numerical integration of ODES with a given initial value. The calculation of the next integration step at time t+1 is based on the state of the system at time point t, plus the product of the size of the interval and an estimated slope. The slope is a weighted average of 4 single slope points (beginning of interval-midpoint-midpoint-end of interval).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0-471-91046-5
Butcher JC. The Numerical Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations: Runge-Kutta and General Linear Methods (1987).
ERK4
EXACT
RK4
EXACT
Runge-Kutta method
EXACT
2007-11-12
dk
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
Rosenbrock method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/comjnl/5.4.329
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
Kaps-Rentrop method
generalized fourth order Runge-Kutta method
Some general implicit processes are given for the solution of simultaneous first-order differential equations. These processes, which use successive substitution, are implicit analogues of the (explicit) Runge-Kutta processes. They require the solution in each time step of one or more set of simultaneous linear equations, usually of a special and simple form. Processes of any required order can be devised, and they can be made to have a wide margin of stability when applied to a linear problem.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
E-Cell
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/comjnl/5.4.329
Rosenbrock HH. Some general implicit processes for the numerical solution of differential equations. The Computer Journal, pages 329-330 (1963).
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP. Numerical Recipes. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2nd edition, pages 742-746 (1992).
Kaps-Rentrop method
EXACT
generalized fourth order Runge-Kutta method
EXACT
sorting stochastic simulation algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2005.10.007
sorting SSA
sorting direct method
In order to overcome the problem of high complexity of the stochastic simulation algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] when simulating large systems, the sorting direct method maintains a loosely sorted order of the reactions as the simulation executes.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2005.10.007
McCollum J M, Peterson G D, Cox C D, Simpson M L, Samatova N F. The sorting direct method for stochastic simulation of biochemical systems with varying reaction execution behaviour. Computational Biology and Chemistry, Volume 30 (1), pages 39-49 (2006).
sorting SSA
EXACT
sorting direct method
EXACT
1
2008-07-08
NLN
ByoDyn
Cain
SmartCell
tau-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
tauL
Approximate acceleration procedure of the stochastic simulation algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] that divides the time into subintervals and ''leaps'' from one to another, firing all the reaction events in each subinterval.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
Gillespie DT. Approximate accelerated stochastic simulation of chemically reacting systems. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 115 (4), pages 1716-1733 (2001). Section V.
tauL
EXACT
ByoDyn
Poisson tau-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
explicit tau-leaping
explicit tau-leaping method with basic pre-leap check
explicit tau-leaping method with basic preleap check
poisson tau-leaping
Explicit tau-leaping method with basic pre leap check.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
Gillespie DT. Approximate accelerated stochastic simulation of chemically reacting systems. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 115 (4), pages 1716-1733 (2001). Section V.
explicit tau-leaping
EXACT
explicit tau-leaping method with basic preleap check
EXACT
poisson tau-leaping
EXACT
1
2007-10-12
dk
implicit tau-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1627296
Contrary to the explicit tau-leaping [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000039 and http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000245 some http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000239] , the implicit tau-leaping allows for much larger time-steps when simulating stiff systems.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1627296
Rathinam M, Petzold L R, Cao Y, Gillespie D T. Stiffness in stochastic chemically reacting systems: The implicit tau-leaping method. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 119 (24), pages 12784-12794 (2003).
2007-10-16
dk
trapezoidal tau-leaping method
citeulike:1755561
trapezoidal implicit tau-leaping method
Formula for accelerated discrete efficient stochastic simulation of chemically reacting system [which] has better accuracy and stiff stability properties than the explicit and implicit [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000045] tau-leaping formulas for discrete stochastic systems, and it limits to the trapezoidal rule in the deterministic regime.
citeulike:1755561
Cao Y, Petzold L. Trapezoidal tau-leaping formula for the stochastic simulation of biochemical systems. Foundations of Systems Biology in Engineering (FOSBE), pages 149-152 (2005).
trapezoidal implicit tau-leaping method
EXACT
adaptive explicit-implicit tau-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2745299
Modification of the original tau-selection strategy [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000040], designed for explicit tau-leaping, is modified to apply to implicit tau-leaping, allowing for longer steps when the system is stiff. Further, an adaptive strategy is proposed that identifies stiffness and automatically chooses between the explicit and the (new) implicit tau-selection methods to achieve better efficiency.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2745299
Cao Y, Gillespie DT, Petzold LR. Adaptive explicit-implicit tau-leaping method with automatic tau selection. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 126 (22) (2007).
Bortz-Kalos-Lebowitz algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0021-9991(75)90060-1
BKL
DMC
KMC
dynamic Monte Carlo
dynamic Monte Carlo method
kinetic Monte Carlo
kinetic Monte Carlo method
n-fold way
The Bortz-Kalos-Lebowitz (or: kinetic Monte-Carlo-) method is a stochastic method for the simulation of time evolution of processes using (pseudo-)random numbers.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0021-9991(75)90060-1
Bortz AB, Kalos MH, Lebowitz JL. A new algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation of Ising spin systems. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 17 (1), pages 10-18 (1975).
BKL
EXACT
DMC
EXACT
KMC
EXACT
dynamic Monte Carlo
EXACT
dynamic Monte Carlo method
EXACT
kinetic Monte Carlo
EXACT
kinetic Monte Carlo method
EXACT
n-fold way
EXACT
2007-10-29
dk
true
Smoluchowski equation based method
urn:issn:0942-9352
Method based on the Smoluchowski equation.
urn:issn:0942-9352
Smoluchowski M. Mathematical theory of the kinetics of the coagulation of colloidal solutions. Z. Phys. Chem, Vol. 92, No. 129. (1917).
1
1
1
1
Smoldyn
Brownian diffusion Smoluchowski method
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/16204833
In the Brownian diffusion Smoluchowski method, ''each molecule is treated as a point-like particle that diffuses freely in three-dimensional space. When a pair of reactive molecules collide, such as an enzyme and its substrate, a reaction occurs and the simulated reactants are replaced by products. [..] Analytic solutions are presented for some simulation parameters while others are calculated using look-up tables''. Supported chemical processes include molecular diffusion, treatment of surfaces, zeroth-order-, unimolecular-, and bimolecular reactions.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/16204833
Andrews SS, Bray D. Stochastic simulation of chemical reactions with spatial resolution and single molecule detail. Phys Biol, volume 1 (3-4), pages 137-151 (December 2004).
Greens function reaction dynamics
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2137716
GFRD
Green's function reaction dynamics
Method that simulates biochemical networks on particle level. It considers both changes in time and space by ''exploiting both the exact solution of the Smoluchowski Equation to set up an event-driven algorithm'' which allows for large jumps in time when the considered particles are far away from each other [in space] and thus cannot react. GFRD combines the propagation of particles in space with the reactions taking place between them in one simulation step.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2137716
Van Zon JS, Ten Wolde PR. Green's-function reaction dynamics: A particle-based approach for simulating biochemical networks in time and space. Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 123 (23) (2005).
GFRD
EXACT
Green's function reaction dynamics
EXACT
2007-11-12
dk
ByoDyn
true
Runge-Kutta based method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0-471-91046-5
modified Euler method
A method of numerically integrating ordinary differential equations, which uses a sampling of slopes through an interval and takes a weighted average to determine the right end point. This averaging gives a very accurate approximation.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0-471-91046-5
Butcher JC. The Numerical Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations: Runge-Kutta and General Linear Methods (1987).
modified Euler method
RELATED
2007-11-30
dk
deterministic cellular automata update algorithm
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0252000232
A cellular automaton is a discrete model of a regular grid of cells with a finite number of dimensions. Each cell has a finite number of defined states. The automaton changes its state in a discrete manner, meaning that the state of a cell at time t is determined by a function of the states of its neighbours at time t - 1. These neighbours are a selection of cells relative to the specified cell. Famous examples for deterministic cellular automata are Conway's game of life or Wolfram's elementary cellular automata.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0252000232
Burks, Arthur W (Editor). Essays on Cellular Automata. University of Illinois Press (1970).
2007-11-16
dk
LSODE
citeulike:1774586
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1218052.1218054
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations
LSODE solves stiff and nonstiff systems of the form dy/dt = f. In the stiff case, it treats the Jacobian matrix sf/dy as either a dense (full) or a banded matrix, and as either user-supplied or internally approximated by difference quotients. It uses Adams methods (predictor-corrector) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000364] in the nonstiff case, and Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF) methods (the Gear methods) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000288] in the stiff case.
citeulike:1774586
Radhakrishnan K, Hindmarsh AC. Description and Use of LSODE, the Livermore Solver for Ordinary Differential Equations. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report, Vol. UCRL-ID-113855 (1993).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1218052.1218054
Hindmarsh AC. LSODE and LSODI, two new initial value ordinary differential equation solvers. SIGNUM Newsletter, Volume 15 (4), pages 10-11 (1980).
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations
EXACT
1
2007-10-16
dk
binomial tau-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2771548
BtauL
binomial tau-leap spatial stochastic simulation algorithm
Coarse grained modified version of the next subvolume method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000022] that allows the user to consider both diffusion and reaction events in relatively long simulation time spans as compared with the original method and other commonly used fully stochastic computational methods.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2771548
Marquez-Lago T., Burrage K. Binomial tau-leap spatial stochastic simulation algorithm for applications in chemical kinetics. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 127 (10) (2007).
BtauL
EXACT
binomial tau-leap spatial stochastic simulation algorithm
EXACT
Gillespie multi-particle method
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/16731694
GMP
Gillespie's multi-particle method
particle-based spatial stochastic method
Combination of the multiparticle method for diffusion [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000334] and the SSA [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029].
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/16731694
Rodriguez VJ, Kaandorp JA, Dobrzynski M, Blom JG. Spatial stochastic modelling of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase (PTS) pathway in Escherichia coli. Bioinformatics, Vol. 22 (15), pages 1895-1901 (2006).
GMP
EXACT
Gillespie's multi-particle method
EXACT
particle-based spatial stochastic method
EXACT
Stundzia and Lumsden method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1006/jcph.1996.0168
RD SSA
reaction-diffusion stochastic simulation algorithm
Sub-volume stochastic reaction-diffusion method that using Green's function to link the bulk diffusion coefficient D in Fick's differential law to the corresponding transition rate probability for diffusion of a particle between finite volume elements. This generalized stochastic algorithm enables to numerically calculate the time evolution of a spatially inhomogeneous mixture of reaction-diffusion species in a finite volume. The time step is stochastic and is generated by a probability distribution determined by the intrinsic reaction kinetics and diffusion dynamics.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1006/jcph.1996.0168
Stundzia AB, Lumsden CJ. Stochastic simulation of coupled reaction-diffusion processes. J Comput Phys, Vol. 127 (1), pages 196-207 (1996).
RD SSA
EXACT
reaction-diffusion stochastic simulation algorithm
EXACT
estimated midpoint tau-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
explicit tau-leaping method with estimated-mid point technique
Estimated-Midpoint tau-Leap Method: For the selected leaping time tau which satisfies the Leap Condition, compute the expected state change lambda' = tau sumj( aj(x)vj ) during [t, t + tau). Then, with x' =x + [lambda'/2], generate for each j = 1,...,M a sample value kj of the Poisson random variable P(aj(x'), tau). Compute the actual state change, lambda = sumj( kjvj ), and effect the leap by replacing t by t + tau and x by x + lambda.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
Gillespie DT. Approximate accelerated stochastic simulation of chemically reacting systems. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 115 (4), pages 1716-1733 (2001). Section VI.
explicit tau-leaping method with estimated-mid point technique
EXACT
k-alpha leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
Alternative to the tau-leaping [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000039], where one leaps a fixed number of reaction-events.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
Gillespie DT. Approximate accelerated stochastic simulation of chemically reacting systems. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 115 (4), pages 1716-1733 (2001). Section VIII.
1
nonnegative Poisson tau-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1992473
modified poisson tau-leaping
The explicit tau-leaping procedure attempts to speed up the stochastic simulation of a chemically reacting system by approximating the number of firings of each reaction channel during a chosen time increment Tau as a Poisson random variable. Since the Poisson random variable can have arbitrarily large sample values, there is always the possibility that this procedure will cause one or more reaction channels to fire so many times during Tau that the population of some reactant species will be driven negative. Two recent papers have shown how that unacceptable occurrence can be avoided by replacing the Poisson random variables with binomial random variables, whose values are naturally bounded. This paper describes a modified Poisson tau-leaping procedure that also avoids negative populations, but is easier to implement than the binomial procedure. The new Poisson procedure also introduces a second control parameter, whose value essentially dials the procedure from the original Poisson tau-leaping at one extreme to the exact stochastic simulation algorithm at the other; therefore, the modified Poisson procedure will generally be more accurate than the original Poisson procedure [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000040].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1992473
Cao Y, Gillespie DT, Petzold LR. Avoiding negative populations in explicit Poisson tau-leaping. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 123, 4104 (2005).
GSL
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
Fehlberg method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF02241732
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990450
RKF45
Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method
The method was developed by the German mathematician Erwin Fehlberg and is based on the class of Runge-Kutta methods. The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method uses an O(h4) method together with an O(h5) method that uses all of the points of the O(h4) method, and hence is often referred to as an RKF45 method. Similar schemes with different orders have since been developed. By performing one extra calculation that would be required for an RK5 method, the error in the solution can be estimated and controlled and an appropriate step size can be determined automatically, making this method efficient for ordinary problems of automated numerical integration of ordinary differential equations.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
E-Cell
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF02241732
Erwin Fehlberg (1970). Klassische Runge-Kutta-Formeln vierter und niedrigerer Ordnung mit Schrittweiten-Kontrolle und ihre Anwendung auf Wärmeleitungsprobleme, Computing (Arch. Elektron. Rechnen), vol. 6, pp. 61-71.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990450
Takahashi K, Kaizu K, Hu B, Tomita M. A multi-algorithm, multi-timescale method for cell simulation. Bioinformatics volume 20(4), pages 538-46 (2004).
RKF45
EXACT
Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method
EXACT
1
1
1
1
1
2007-11-12
dk
ECell3
GSL
Matlab
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
Dormand-Prince method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0771-050X(80)90013-3
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990450
DOPRI
Prince-Dormand method
Dormand-Prince is an explicit method for the numerical integration of ODES with a given initial value.
It is an 'embedded Runge-Kutta method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000302] RK5 (4) which (a) has a 'small' principal truncation term in the Fifth order and (b) has an extended region of absolute stability.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0771-050X(80)90013-3
Dormand J, Prince P. A family of embedded Runge-Kutta formulae. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Volume 6, pages 19-26 (1980).
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990450
Takahashi K, Kaizu K, Hu B, Tomita M. A multi-algorithm, multi-timescale method for cell simulation. Bioinformatics volume 20(4), pages 538-46 (2004).
Prince-Dormand method
EXACT
1
1
1
1
1
2007-11-30
dk
LSODA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0904010
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/uscd1227.html
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations with automatic method switching
LSODA solves systems dy/dt = f with a dense or banded Jacobian when the problem is stiff, but it automatically selects between non-stiff (Adams [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000289]) and stiff (BDF [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000288]) methods. It uses the non-stiff method initially, and dynamically monitors data in order to decide which method to use.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0904010
Petzold LR. Automatic Selection of Methods for Solving Stiff and Nonstiff Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing, Vol. 4 (1), pages 136-148 (1983).
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
A. C. Hindmarsh, ODEPACK, A Systematized Collection of ODE Solvers, in Scientific Computing, R. S. Stepleman et al. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983 (vol. 1 of IMACS Transactions on Scientific Computation), pp. 55-64.
http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/uscd1227.html
Petzold LR, Hindmarsh, AC. LSODAR: Livermore solver of ordinary differential equations with automatic method switching and root finding, Computing and Mathematics Research Division, 1-316 Lawerence Livermore National Laboratory (1987).
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations with automatic method switching
EXACT
2007-10-27
dk
LSODAR
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/uscd1228.html
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations with automatic method switching and root finding
ordinary differential equation solver for stiff or non-stiff systems with root finding
LSODAR is a variant of LSODA [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000088] with a root finding capability added. Thus it solves problems dy/dt = f with dense or banded Jacobian and automatic method selection, and at the same time, it finds the roots of any of a set of given functions of the form g(t,y). This is often useful for finding stop conditions, or for finding points at which a switch is to be made in the function f.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
A. C. Hindmarsh, ODEPACK, A Systematized Collection of ODE Solvers, in Scientific Computing, R. S. Stepleman et al. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983 (vol. 1 of IMACS Transactions on Scientific Computation), pp. 55-64.
http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/uscd1228.html
Petzold LR, Hindmarsh, AC. LSODAR: Livermore solver of ordinary differential equations with automatic method switching and root finding, Computing and Mathematics Research Division, 1-316 Lawerence Livermore National Laboratory (1987).
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations with automatic method switching and root finding
EXACT
ordinary differential equation solver for stiff or non-stiff systems with root finding
EXACT
LSODI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1218052.1218054
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations, implicit version
LSODI solves systems given in linearly implicit form, including differential-algebraic systems.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1218052.1218054
Hindmarsh AC. LSODE and LSODI, two new initial value ordinary differential equation solvers. SIGNUM Newsletter, Volume 15 (4), pages 10-11 (1980).
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
A. C. Hindmarsh, ODEPACK, A Systematized Collection of ODE Solvers, in Scientific Computing, R. S. Stepleman et al. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983 (vol. 1 of IMACS Transactions on Scientific Computation), pp. 55-64.
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations, implicit version
EXACT
2007-11-30
dk
LSODIS
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/uscd1225.html
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations, implicit sparse version
LSODIS is a set of general-purpose FORTRAN routines solver for the initial value problem for ordinary differential equation systems. It is suitable for both stiff and nonstiff systems. LSODIS treat systems in the linearly implicit form A(t,y) dy/dt = g(t,y), A = a square matrix, i.e. with the derivative dy/dt implicit, but linearly so.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
A. C. Hindmarsh, ODEPACK, A Systematized Collection of ODE Solvers, in Scientific Computing, R. S. Stepleman et al. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983 (vol. 1 of IMACS Transactions on Scientific Computation), pp. 55-64.
http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/uscd1225.html
Seager M, Balsdon S. LSODIS - A sparse implicit ODE solver. 10th World Congress on System Simulation and Scientific Computation, pages 437-439 (1983).
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations, implicit sparse version
EXACT
2008-07-08
NLN
LSODPK
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations for stiff and nonstiff systems with krylov corrector iteration
LSODPK is a set of FORTRAN subroutines for solving the initial value problem for stiff and nonstiff systems of ordinary differential equations. In solving stiff systems, LSODPK uses a corrector iteration composed of Newton iteration and one of four preconditioned Krylov subspace iteration methods [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000354]. The user must select the desired Krylov method and supply a pair of routine to evaluate, preprocess, and solve the (left and/or right) preconditioner matrices. Aside from preconditioning, the implementation is matrix-free, meaning that explicit storage of the Jacobian (or related) matrix is not required. The method is experimental because the scope of problems for which it is effective is not well-known, and users are forewarned that LSODPK may or may not be competitive with traditional methods on a given problem. LSODPK also includes an option for a user-supplied linear system solver to be used without Krylov iteration.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
A. C. Hindmarsh, ODEPACK, A Systematized Collection of ODE Solvers, in Scientific Computing, R. S. Stepleman et al. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983 (vol. 1 of IMACS Transactions on Scientific Computation), pp. 55-64.
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations for stiff and nonstiff systems with krylov corrector iteration
EXACT
2008-07-08
NLN
true
Livermore solver
Method to solve ordinary differential equations developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
2008-07-08
NLN
true
sub-volume stochastic reaction-diffusion algorithm
Stochastic method using a combination of discretisation of compartment volumes into voxels and Gillespie-like algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000241] to simulate the evolution of the system.
AZ
true
modelling and simulation algorithm characteristic
modeling and simulation algorithm characteristic
Simulation algorithm property, which can, for example, describe the model, such as the type of variables (discrete or continuous), and information on the treatment of spatial descriptions, or can be a numerical characteristic, such as the system's behaviour (deterministic or stochastic) as well as the progression mechanism (fixed or adaptive time steps).
AZ
true
type of variable
Type of variables used for the simulation.
AZ
true
type of system behaviour
A characteristic describing the rules the algorithm uses to simulate the temporal evolution of a system, specifically whether or not the final state is uniquely determined from a precise initial state.
AZ
true
type of progression time step
Type of time steps used by the algorithm.
2008-07-08
NLN
spatial description
Algorithm, possessing this characteristic, takes into account the location of the reacting components.
2008-07-08
NLN
deterministic system behaviour
Algorithm, possessing this characteristic, simulates the temporal evolution of a system deterministically, so that from a precise initial state the algorithm will always end up in the same final state.
2008-07-08
NLN
stochastic system behaviour
Algorithm, possessing this characteristic, simulates the temporal evolution of a system using probabilistic rules, so that between two simulations, the same precise initial state may result in a different final state.
2008-07-08
NLN
discrete variable
Algorithm, possessing this characteristic, allows values of system's variables to change by discrete (integral) amounts.
2008-07-08
NLN
continuous variable
Algorithm, possessing this characteristic, allows the values of a system's variables to change by continuous (non-integral) amounts.
2008-07-08
NLN
progression with adaptive time step
Algorithm, possessing this characteristic, does not use fixed time steps to update the state of a system during the whole simulation, but on the contrary adapts the length of the time steps to the local situation.
2008-07-08
NLN
progression with fixed time step
Algorithm, possessing this characteristic, uses time steps of constant length to update the state of a system during the whole simulation.
AZ
true
modelling and simulation algorithm parameter
modeling and simulation algorithm parameter
Parameter that can be used in the simulation experiment settings.
particle number lower limit
This parameter of 'Pahle hybrid method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000231] is a double value specifying the lower limit for particle numbers. Species with a particle number below this value are considered as having a low particle number. The 'particle number lower limit' cannot be higher than the 'particle number upper limit' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000204].
particle number upper limit
This parameter of 'Pahle hybrid method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000231] is a double value specifying the upper limit for particle numbers. Species with a particle number above this value are considered as having a high particle number. The 'particle number upper limit' cannot be lower than the 'particle number lower limit' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000203].
partitioning interval
This positive integer value specifies after how many steps the internal partitioning of the system should be recalculated.
relative tolerance
RTOL
This parameter is a numeric value specifying the desired relative tolerance the user wants to achieve. A smaller value means that the trajectory is calculated more accurately.
RTOL
EXACT
absolute tolerance
ATOL
This parameter is a positive numeric value specifying the desired absolute tolerance the user wants to achieve.
ATOL
EXACT
use reduced model
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990466
integrate reduced model
Boolean value which indicates whether the simulation/analysis should be performed using the complete model or an equivalent reduced model.
Reduced models can be determined in many ways such as using mass conservation laws.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990466
Jacek Puchałka, Andrzej M Kierzek. Bridging the gap between stochastic and deterministic regimes in the kinetic simulations of the biochemical reaction networks. Biophys J. 2004, 86(3):1357-1372.
maximum Adams order
Adams max order
maximum non-stiff order
This parameter is a positive integer value specifying the maximal order the non-stiff Adams integration method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000289] shall attempt before switching to the stiff BDF method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000288].
maximum BDF order
BDF max order
maximum stiff order
This parameter is a positive integer value specifying the maximal order the stiff BDF integration method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000288] shall attempt before switching to smaller internal step sizes.
number of history bins
The 'number of history bins' is only enabled for models that contain delayed or multistep reactions for specifying the granularity with which the delayed reaction solver should retain the history of species values, for species that participate in delayed reactions.
tau-leaping epsilon
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
epsilon
tolerance
The leap condition is chosen such that the expected change in the propensity function aj(x) is bounded by Epsilon * a0 where Epsilon is an error control parameter between 0 and 1. This parameter is the basic error control mechanism for the Tau-Leaping algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000039]. As Epsilon decreases the leaps become shorter and the simulation is more accurate.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1378322
Gillespie DT. Approximate accelerated stochastic simulation of chemically reacting systems. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 115 (4), pages 1716-1733 (2001). Section V.
epsilon
EXACT
minimum reactions per leap
threshold
'minimum reactions per leap' parameter is used in hybrid methods, which adaptively switch between the tau-leaping algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000039] to the SSA Direct Method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] when the number of reactions in a single tau-leaping leap step is less than the threshold.
1
1
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
true
Pahle hybrid method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
The hybrid method combines the stochastic 'Gibson-Bruck's next reaction method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000027] with different algorithms for the numerical integration of ODEs [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000245 some http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000374]. The biochemical network is dynamically partitioned into a deterministic and a stochastic subnet depending on the current particle numbers in the system. The user can define limits for when a particle number should be considered low or high. The stochastic subnet contains reactions involving low numbered species as substrate or product. All the other reactions form the deterministic subnet. The two subnets are then simulated in parallel using the stochastic and deterministic solver, respectively. The reaction probabilities in the stochastic subnet are approximated as constant between two stochastic reaction events.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
COPASI--a COmplex PAthway SImulator. Hoops S, Sahle S, Gauges R, Lee C, Pahle J, Simus N, Singhal M, Xu L, Mendes P, Kummer U. Bioinformatics. 2006 Dec 15;22(24):3067-74. Epub 2006 Oct 10.
LSOIBT
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations given in implicit form, with block-tridiagonal Jacobian treatment
LSOIBT solves linearly implicit systems in which the matrices involved are all assumed to be block-tridiagonal. Linear systems are solved by the LU method.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
A. C. Hindmarsh, ODEPACK, A Systematized Collection of ODE Solvers, in Scientific Computing, R. S. Stepleman et al. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983 (vol. 1 of IMACS Transactions on Scientific Computation), pp. 55-64.
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations given in implicit form, with block-tridiagonal Jacobian treatment
EXACT
LSODES
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations with general sparse Jacobian matrix
LSODES solves systems dy/dt = f and in the stiff case treats the Jacobian matrix in general sparse form. It determines the sparsity structure on its own, or optionally accepts this information from the user. It then uses parts of the Yale Sparse Matrix Package (YSMP) to solve the linear systems that arise, by a sparse (direct) LU factorization/backsolve method.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
A. C. Hindmarsh, ODEPACK, A Systematized Collection of ODE Solvers, in Scientific Computing, R. S. Stepleman et al. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983 (vol. 1 of IMACS Transactions on Scientific Computation), pp. 55-64.
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations with general sparse Jacobian matrix
EXACT
LSODKR
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations, with preconditioned Krylov iteration methods for the Newton correction linear systems, and with root finding.
LSODKR is an initial value ODE solver for stiff and nonstiff systems. It is a variant of the LSODPK [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000093] and LSODE [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000071] solvers, intended mainly for large stiff systems. The main differences between LSODKR and LSODE [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000071] are the following: a) for stiff systems, LSODKR uses a corrector iteration composed of Newton iteration and one of four preconditioned Krylov subspace iteration methods. The user must supply routines for the preconditioning operations, b) within the corrector iteration, LSODKR does automatic switching between functional (fixpoint) iteration and modified Newton iteration, c) LSODKR includes the ability to find roots of given functions of the solution during the integration.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-0444866073
A. C. Hindmarsh, ODEPACK, A Systematized Collection of ODE Solvers, in Scientific Computing, R. S. Stepleman et al. (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983 (vol. 1 of IMACS Transactions on Scientific Computation), pp. 55-64.
Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations, with preconditioned Krylov iteration methods for the Newton correction linear systems, and with root finding.
EXACT
AZ
true
type of solution
A characteristic describing the type of the solution produced by the method, specifically whether it is exact or approximate.
exact solution
Algorithm, possessing this characteristic, provides an exact solution to the initial problem.
approximate solution
Approximation algorithms are algorithms used to find approximate solutions to optimization problems. Approximation algorithms are often associated with NP-hard problems; since it is unlikely that there can ever be efficient polynomial time exact algorithms solving NP-hard problems, one settles for polynomial time sub-optimal solutions. Unlike heuristics, which usually only find reasonably good solutions reasonably fast, one wants provable solution quality and provable run time bounds. Ideally, the approximation is optimal up to a small constant factor (for instance within 5% of the optimal solution). Approximation algorithms are increasingly being used for problems where exact polynomial-time algorithms are known but are too expensive due to the input size.
AZ
true
type of method
A characteristic describing the way the method finds a solution, specifically whether it solves an equation involving only the current state of the system (explicit) or both the current and the later one (implicit).
AZ
explicit method type
Explicit methods calculate the state of a system at a later time from the state of the system at the current time. Mathematically, if Y(t) is the current system state and Y((t+delta t) is the state at the later time (delta t is a small time step), then, for an explicit method Y(t+delta t) = F(Y(t)), to find Y(t+delta t).
AZ
implicit method type
Implicit methods find a solution by solving an equation involving both the current state of the system and the later one. Mathematically, if Y(t) is the current system state and Y((t+delta t) is the state at the later time (delta t is a small time step), then, for an implicit method one solves an equation G(Y(t), Y(t+delta t))=0, to find Y(t+delta t).
true
Gillespie-like method
Stochastic simulation algorithm using an approach alike the one described in Gillespie's papers of 1976 and 1977.
AZ
true
error control parameter
Parameter controlling method accuracy.
AZ
true
method switching control parameter
Parameters describing threshold conditions for algorithms that switch between different methods.
AZ
true
granularity control parameter
Parameter controlling granularity.
tau-leaping delta
Tau-leaping delta specifies how close two symmetric transition rates must be before we classify them as in partial-equilibrium. Only applies to the implicit tau routine [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000045].
critical firing threshold
nonnegative tau-leaping second control parameter
The 'nonnegative Poisson tau-leaping method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000084] is based on the fact that negative populations typically arise from multiple firings of reactions that are only a few firings away from consuming all the molecules of one of their reactants. To focus on those reaction channels, the modified tau-leaping algorithm introduces a second control parameter nc, a positive integer that is usually set somewhere between 5 and 20. Any reaction channel with a positive propensity function that is currently within nc firings of exhausting one of its reactants is then classified as a critical reaction. The modified algorithm chooses tau in such a way that no more than one firing of all the critical reactions can occur during the leap.
nonnegative tau-leaping second control parameter
EXACT
Parameter describing partitioning of the system.
true
partitioning control parameter
coarse-graining factor
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/15638577
The time in each Monte-Carlo iteration of 'binomial tau-leaping method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000074] is updated with the time increments tau=f/(a1+a2+...+aM). Here 1/(a1+a2+...+aM) is the averaged microscopic increment of the SSA [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] and f is a coarse-graining factor, controlling the speed-up.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/15638577
Chatterjee A, Vlachos DG, Katsoulakis MA. Binomial distribution based tau-leap accelerated stochastic simulation. J Chem Phys. 2005;122(2):024112.
Smoldyn
Brownian diffusion accuracy
Accuracy code of 'Brownian diffusion Smoluchowski method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000057], which sets which neighbouring boxes are checked for potential bi-molecular reactions. Consider the reaction A + B -> C and suppose that A and B are within a binding radius of each other. This reaction will always be performed if A and B are in the same virtual box. If accuracy is set to at least 3, then it will also occur if A and B are in nearest-neighbour virtual boxes. If it is at least 7, then the reaction will happen if they are in nearest-neighbour boxes that are separated by periodic boundary conditions. And if it is 9 or 10, then all edge and corner boxes are checked for reactions, which means that no potential reactions are overlooked.
Smoldyn
molecules per virtual box
Target molecules per virtual box is a parameter of 'Brownian diffusion Smoluchowski method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000057], which sets the box sizes so that the average number of molecules per box, at simulation initiation, is close to the requested number.
Smoldyn
virtual box side length
The 'virtual box side length' is a parameter of 'Brownian diffusion Smoluchowski method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000057]. It requests the length of one side of a box.
surface-bound epsilon
A parameter of 'Brownian diffusion Smoluchowski method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000057]. Molecules that are bound to a surface are given locations that are extremely close to that surface. However, this position does not need to be exactly at the surface, and in fact it usually cannot be exactly at the surface due to round-off error. The tolerance for how far a surface-bound molecule is allowed to be away from the surface can be set with the epsilon statement.
neighbour distance
A parameter of 'Brownian diffusion Smoluchowski method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000057]. When a surface-bound molecule diffuses off of one surface panel, it can sometimes diffuse onto the neighbouring surface tile. It does so only if the neighbouring panel is declared to be a neighbour and also the neighbour is within a distance that is set with the neighbour distance statement.
virtual box size
Target size of virtual boxes for 'Brownian diffusion Smoluchowski method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000057].
1
AZ
ByoDyn
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
Euler method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
The Euler method, named after Leonhard Euler, is a first-order numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a given initial value.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77. Cambridge University Press (2001).
2011-04-07
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
NFSim agent-based simulation method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/nmeth.1546
A generalization a rule-based version of 'Gillespie's direct method' (SSA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029]. The method is guaranteed to produce the same results as the exact SSA [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] by cycling over three primary steps. First, NFsim calculates the probability or propensity for each rule to take effect given the current molecular states. Second, it samples the time to the next reaction event and selects the corresponding reaction rule. Finally, NFsim executes the selected reaction by applying the rule and updating the molecular agents accordingly.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
NFSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/nmeth.1546
Sneddon MW, Faeder JR and Emonet T. Efficient modelling, simulation and coarse-graining of biological complexity with NFsim. Nature Methods (2011) 8(2):177-83.
2011-04-07
AZ
cellular automata update method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.55.601
CA
cellular automata
cellular spaces
cellular structures
homogeneous structures
iterative arrays
tessellation automata
tessellation structures
Cellular automata are mathematical idealizations of physical systems in which space and time are discrete, and physical quantities take on a finite set of discrete values. A cellular automaton consists of a regular uniform lattice (or ''array''), usually infinite in extent, with a discrete variable at each site (''cell''). A cellular automaton evolves in discrete time steps, with the value of the variable at one site being affected by the values of variables at sites in its ''neighbourhood'' on the previous time step. The neighbourhood of a site is typically taken to be the site itself and all immediately adjacent sites. The variables at each site are updated simultaneously (''synchronously''), based on the values of the variables in their neighbourhood at the preceding time step, and according to a definite set of ''local rules''.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.55.601
Wolfram, Stephen (1983) Statistical mechanics of cellular automata. Reviews of Modern Physics 55 (3): 601-644.
CA
EXACT
cellular automata
EXACT
cellular spaces
EXACT
cellular structures
EXACT
homogeneous structures
EXACT
iterative arrays
EXACT
tessellation automata
EXACT
tessellation structures
EXACT
2011-05-05
AZ
hard-particle molecular dynamics
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jcp.2004.08.014
A collision-driven molecular dynamics algorithm for a system of non-spherical particles.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jcp.2004.08.014
Aleksandar Donev, Salvatore Torquato, Frank H. Stillinger, Neighbor list collision-driven molecular dynamics simulation for nonspherical hard particles. I. Algorithmic details, Journal of Computational Physics, v.202 n.2, p.737-764, 20 January 2005
2011-05-05
AZ
first-passage Monte Carlo algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.230602
AED DKMC
AED diffusion kinetic Monte Carlo method
asynchronous event-driven diffusion Monte Carlo
We present a novel Monte Carlo algorithm for N diffusing finite particles that react on collisions. Using the theory of first-passage processes and time dependent Green's functions, we break the difficult N-body problem into independent single- and two-body propagations circumventing numerous diffusion hops used in standard Monte Carlo simulations. The new algorithm is exact, extremely efficient, and applicable to many important physical situations in arbitrary integer dimensions.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.230602
T. Oppelstrup, V. V. Bulatov, G. H. Gilmer, M. H. Kalos, and B. Sadigh. First-passage Monte- Carlo algorithm: Diffusion without all the hops. Physical Review Letters, 97(23):230602, 2006.
AED DKMC
EXACT
AED diffusion kinetic Monte Carlo method
EXACT
asynchronous event-driven diffusion Monte Carlo
EXACT
4
2011-05-09
AZ
Gill method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1017/S0305004100026414
Gill's method
Runge-Kutta-Gill method
Gill's fourth order method is a Runge-Kutta method for approximating the solution of the initial value problem y'(x) = f(x,y); y(x0) = y0 which evaluates the integrand,f(x,y), four times per step. This method is a fourth order procedure for which Richardson extrapolation can be used.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1017/S0305004100026414
Gill, S. 1951. A process for the step-by-step integration of differential equations in an automatic digital computing machine. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 47, pp 96-108.
Gill's method
EXACT
Runge-Kutta-Gill method
EXACT
2011-05-09
AZ
CompuCell3D
Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1699114
Metropolis algorithm
Metropolis-Hastings algorithm
A general method, suitable for fast computing machines, for investigating such properties as equations of state for substances consisting of interacting individual molecules is described. The method consists of a modified Monte Carlo integration [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000051] over configuration space.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.1699114
Metropolis, N.; Rosenbluth, A.W.; Rosenbluth, M.N.; Teller, A.H.; Teller, E. (1953). Equations of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines. Journal of Chemical Physics 21 (6): 1087-1092.
Metropolis algorithm
EXACT
Metropolis-Hastings algorithm
EXACT
2011-05-09
AZ
Adams-Bashforth method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
explicit Adams method
Given an initial value problem: y' = f(x,y), y(x0) = y0 together with additional starting values y1 = y(x0 + h), . . . , yk-1 = y(x0 + (k-1) h) the k-step Adams-Bashforth method is an explicit linear multistep method that approximates the solution, y(x) at x = x0+kh, of the initial value problem by yk = yk - 1 + h * ( a0 f(xk - 1,yk - 1) + a1 f(xk - 2,yk - 2) + . . . + ak - 1 f(x0,y0) ), where a0, a1, . . . , ak - 1 are constants.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag
explicit Adams method
EXACT
2011-05-09
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
Adams-Moulton method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
implicit Adams method
The (k-1)-step Adams-Moulton method is an implicit linear multistep method that iteratively approximates the solution, y(x) at x = x0+kh, of the initial value problem by yk = yk - 1 + h * ( b0 f(xk,yk) + b1 f(xk - 1,yk - 1) + . . . + bk - 1 f(x1,y1) ), where b1, . . . , bk - 1 are constants.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag
implicit Adams method
EXACT
2011-05-09
AZ
true
multistep method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
multi-value method
A numerical method for differential equations which is based on several values of the solution.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag
multi-value method
EXACT
2011-05-09
AZ
SUNDIALS
KINSOL
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0911026
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.4249/scholarpedia.2860
FKINSOL
NKSOL
Newton-Krylov solver for nonlinear algebraic systems
KINSOL solves algebraic systems in real N-space, written as F(u)=0, F:RN->RN, given an initial guess u0. The basic method is either a modified or an inexact Newton iteration [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000408]. The linear systems that arise are solved with either a direct (dense or banded) solver (serial version only), or one of the Krylov iterative solvers [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000354]. In the Krylov case, the user can (optionally) supply a right preconditioner.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0911026
BROWN, P. N. AND SAAD, Y. 1990. Hybrid Krylov methods for nonlinear systems of equations. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 11, 450-481.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
Hindmarsh, A. C., et al., SUNDIALS: Suite of Nonlinear and Differential/Algebraic Equation Solvers, ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 31:363-396, 2005.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.4249/scholarpedia.2860
Alan C. Hindmarsh and Radu Serban (2007) Sundails equation solvers, Scholarpedia, 2(3):2860.
FKINSOL
RELATED
NKSOL
RELATED
Newton-Krylov solver for nonlinear algebraic systems
RELATED
1
1
1
1
2011-05-09
AZ
SUNDIALS
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
IDA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0915088
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.4249/scholarpedia.2860
implicit differential-algebraic solver
solver for differential-algebraic equation systems
IDA solves real differential-algebraic systems in N-space, in the general form F(t,y,y')=0, y(t0)=y0, y'(t0)=y'0. At each step, a Newton iteration [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000408] leads to linear systems Jx=b, which are solved by one of five methods - two direct (dense or band; serial version only) and three Krylov [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000354] (GMRES [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000353], BiCGStab [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000392], or TFQMR [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000396]).
IDA is written in C, but derived from the package DASPK [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000355] which is written in Fortran.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
IDA
Alan C. Hindmarsh and Radu Serban (2007) Sundails equation solvers, Scholarpedia, 2(3):2860.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0915088
BROWN, P. N., HINDMARSH, A. C., AND PETZOLD, L. R. 1994. Using Krylov methods in the solution of large-scale differential-algebraic systems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 15, 1467-1488.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
Hindmarsh, A. C., et al., SUNDIALS: Suite of Nonlinear and Differential/Algebraic Equation Solvers, ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 31:363-396, 2005.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.4249/scholarpedia.2860
Alan C. Hindmarsh and Radu Serban (2007) Sundails equation solvers, Scholarpedia, 2(3):2860.
implicit differential-algebraic solver
EXACT
solver for differential-algebraic equation systems
RELATED
2011-05-09
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
finite volume method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
FVM
The finite volume method is a method for representing and evaluating partial differential equations in the form of algebraic equations, which attempts to emulate continuous conservation laws of physics.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
Y. Saad. 2003. Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems (2nd ed.). Soc. for Industrial and Applied Math., Philadelphia, PA, USA.
FVM
EXACT
2011-05-09
AZ
Euler-Maruyama method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.2003.1247
stochastic Euler scheme
The Euler-Maruyama method is a method for the approximate numerical solution of a stochastic differential equation, which truncates the Ito and Stratonovich Taylor series of the exact solution after the first order stochastic terms. This converges to the Ito solution with strong global order accuracy 1/2 or weak global order accuracy 1. It is a simple generalization of the Euler method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000261] for ordinary differential equations to stochastic differential equations.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.2003.1247
Burrage, K., Burrage, P.M. and Tian, T. (2004) Numerical methods for strong solutions of stochastic differential equations: an overview. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 460 (2041). pp. 373-402.
stochastic Euler scheme
EXACT
2011-05-10
AZ
Milstein method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/079233213X
The Milstein method is a technique for the approximate numerical solution of a stochastic differential equation.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/079233213X
Milstein M. G. Numerical Integration of Stochastic Differential Equations (Mathematics and Its Applications) Springer, 2004.
2011-05-10
AZ
ByoDyn
GSL
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
backward differentiation formula
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0136266061
BDF
Gear method
Gear's method
The backward differentiation formulas (BDF) are implicit multistep methods based on the numerical differentiation of a given function and are wildly used for integration of stiff differential equations.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0136266061
C. William Gear. 1971. Numerical Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
BDF
EXACT
Gear method
EXACT
Gear's method
EXACT
2011-05-10
AZ
ByoDyn
Adams method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Adams' methods are multi-step methods used for the numerical integration of initial value problems in Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE's). Adams' algorithm consists of two parts: firstly, a starting procedure which provides y1, ... , yk-1 ( approximations to the exact solution at the points x0 + h, ... , x0 + (k - 1)h ) and, secondly, a multistep formula to obtain an approximation to the exact solution y(x0 + kh). This is then applied recursively, based on the numerical approximation of k successive steps, to compute y(x0 + (k + 1)h).
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag
4
2011-05-10
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
Merson method
http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn870866
KM
Kutta-Merson method
Merson's method
Runge-Kutta-Merson method
A five-stage Runge-Kutta method with fourth-order accuracy.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn870866
R.H. Merson, An operational method for the study of integration processes, in: Proceedings of the Symposium on Data Processing, Weapons Research Establishment, Salisbury, Australia, 1957, pp. 110-1-110-25.
KM
EXACT
Kutta-Merson method
EXACT
Merson's method
EXACT
Runge-Kutta-Merson method
EXACT
2011-05-10
AZ
Hammer-Hollingsworth method
urn:issn:0891-6837
The numerical integration of ordinary differential equations by the use of Gaussian quadrature methods.
urn:issn:0891-6837
P. C. Hammer & J. W. Hollingsworth, Trapezoidal methods of approximating solutions of differential equations, MTAC, v. 9, 1955, pp. 92-96. MR 17, 302.
2011-05-10
AZ
Lobatto method
urn:issn:1088-6842(e)
implicit Runge-Kutta method based on Lobatto quadrature
There are three families of Lobatto methods, called IIIA, IIIB and IIIC. These are named after Rehuel Lobatto. All are implicit Runge-Kutta methods, have order 2s − 2 and they all have c1 = 0 and cs = 1.
urn:issn:1088-6842(e)
J. C. Butcher, Integration processes based on Radau quadrature formulas, Math. Comp., v. 18, 1964, pp. 233-244.
implicit Runge-Kutta method based on Lobatto quadrature
EXACT
2011-05-10
AZ
Butcher-Kuntzmann method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1002/zamm.19660460519
urn:issn:1088-6842(e)
Gauss method
From a theoretical point of view, the Butcher-Kuntzmann Runge-Kutta methods belong to the best step-by-step methods for nonstiff problems. These methods integrate first-order initial-value problems by means of formulas based on Gauss-Legendre quadrature, and combine excellent stability features with the property of superconvergence at the step points.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1002/zamm.19660460519
F. Ceschin, J. Kuntzmann, Problèmes différentiels de conditions initiales. Paris 1963. Dunod.
urn:issn:1088-6842(e)
Butcher, J. C. (1964) Implicit Runge-Kutta processes. Math. Comput. 18, 50-64.
Gauss method
EXACT
2
2011-05-10
AZ
Heun method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Heun's method
The method is named after Karl L. W. M. Heun and is a numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a given initial value. It can be seen as extension of the Euler method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000261] into two-stage second-order Runge-Kutta method.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag
Heun's method
EXACT
2011-05-10
AZ
true
embedded Runge-Kutta method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
embedded RK
An embedded Runge-Kutta method is a method in which two Runge-Kutta estimates are obtained using the same auxiliary functions ki but with a different linear combination of these functions so that one estimate has an order one greater than the other.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag
embedded RK
EXACT
3
4
2011-05-10
AZ
Zonneveld method
http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21424455
An embedded Runge-Kutta method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000302] of order 4(3), proposed by J.A. Zonneveld in 1964.
http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21424455
Zonneveld, J. A (1970). Automatic numerical integration Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam
2011-05-11
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
Radau method
urn:issn:1088-6842(e)
implicit Runge-Kutta method based on Radau quadrature
Implicit Runge-Kutta methods based on Radau quadrature.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
urn:issn:1088-6842(e)
J. C. Butcher, Integration processes based on Radau quadrature formulas, Math. Comput., 18(1964), 233-244.
implicit Runge-Kutta method based on Radau quadrature
EXACT
5
6
2011-05-10
AZ
Verner method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0728027
Verner's method
The first high order (6(5)) embedded Runge-Kutta formulas that avoid the drawback of giving identically zero error estimates for quadrature problems y' = f(x) were constructed by Verner in 1978.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0728027
J.H. Verner, Some Runge-Kutta formula pairs, SIAM J. Numer. Anal 28 (1991) 496-511
Verner's method
EXACT
2011-05-11
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
Lagrangian sliding fluid element algorithm
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/1449234
BTEX
LSFEA
blood-tissue exchange method
Because the analytic solutions to the partial differential equations require convolution integration, solutions are obtained relatively efficiently by a fast numerical method. Our approach centers on the use of a sliding fluid element algorithm for capillary convection, with the time step set equal to the length step divided by the fluid velocity. Radial fluxes by permeation between plasma, interstitial fluid, and cells and axial diffusion exchanges within each time step are calculated analytically. The method enforces mass conservation unless there is regional consumption.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/1449234
Bassingthwaighte JB, Chan IS, and Wang CY. Computationally efficient algorithms for capillary convection-permeation-diffusion models for blood-tissue exchange. Ann Biomed Eng 20: 687-725, 1992.
BTEX
EXACT
LSFEA
EXACT
blood-tissue exchange method
EXACT
2011-05-11
AZ
finite difference method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
FDM
The finite difference method is based on local approximations of the partial derivatives in a Partial Differential Equation, which are derived by low order Taylor series expansions.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
Y. Saad. 2003. Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems (2nd ed.). Soc. for Industrial and Applied Math., Philadelphia, PA, USA.
FDM
EXACT
2011-05-11
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
MacCormack method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.2514/2.6901
In computational fluid dynamics, the MacCormack method is a widely used discretization scheme for the numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations. This second-order finite difference method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000307] is introduced by R. W. MacCormack in 1969.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.2514/2.6901
MacCormack, R. W., The Effect of viscosity in hypervelocity impact cratering, AIAA Paper, 69-354 (1969).
2011-05-11
AZ
Crank-Nicolson method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF02127704
In numerical analysis, the Crank-Nicolson method is a finite difference method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000307] used for numerically solving the heat equation and similar partial differential equations. It is a second-order method in time, implicit in time, and is numerically stable. The method was developed by John Crank and Phyllis Nicolson in the mid 20th century.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF02127704
Crank, J.; Nicolson, P. (1947). A practical method for numerical evaluation of solutions of partial differential equations of the heat conduction type. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 43 (1): 50-67.
2011-05-11
AZ
method of lines
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0126241309
MOL
NMOL
NUMOL
The method of lines is a general technique for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by typically using finite difference relationships for the spatial derivatives and ordinary differential equations for the time derivative.
method of lines
EXACT
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0126241309
Schiesser, W. E. (1991). The Numerical Method of Lines. Academic Press.
MOL
EXACT
NMOL
EXACT
NUMOL
EXACT
AZ
true
type of domain geometry handling
2011-05-20
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
S-System power-law canonical differential equations solver
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0727042
ESSYNS GMA
Ordinary differential equations can be recast into a nonlinear canonical form called an S-system. Evidence for the generality of this class comes from extensive empirical examples that have been recast and from the discovery that sets of differential equations and functions, recognized as among the most general, are special cases of S-systems. Identification of this nonlinear canonical form suggests a radically different approach to numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. By capitalizing on the regular structure of S-systems, efficient formulas for a variable-order, variable-step Taylor-series method are developed.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
E-Cell
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0727042
Irvine, D.H. and Savageau, M.A., Efficient solution of nonlinear ordinary differential equations expressed in S-System canonical form, Siam. J. Numer. Anal., 27:704-735, 1990.
ESSYNS GMA
EXACT
2011-05-23
AZ
lattice gas automata
http://identifiers.org/isbn/3-540-66973-6
LGA
LGCA
lattice gas cellular automata
Lattice gas automata methods are a series of cellular automata methods used to simulate fluid flows. From the LGCA, it is possible to derive the macroscopic Navier-Stokes equations.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/3-540-66973-6
Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow (2000). Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata and Lattice Boltzmann Models. Springer.
LGA
EXACT
LGCA
EXACT
lattice gas cellular automata
EXACT
2011-05-23
AZ
enhanced Greens function reaction dynamics
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-540-88562-7_3
eGFRD
enhanced Greens function reaction dynamics
GFRD [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000058] decomposes the multibody reaction diffusion problem to a set of single and two body problems. Analytical solutions for two body reaction diffusion are available via Smoluchowski equation. eGFRD allows to solve each subproblem asynchronously by introducing the concept of first passage processes.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-540-88562-7_3
K. Takahashi, An exact Brownian dynamics method for cell simulation, in Computational Methods in Systems Biology, vol. 5307/2008.
eGFRD
EXACT
enhanced Greens function reaction dynamics
EXACT
2011-05-23
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
E-Cell multi-algorithm simulation method
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990450
A modular meta-algorithm with a discrete event scheduler that can incorporate any type of time-driven simulation algorithm. It was shown that this meta-algorithm can efficiently drive simulation models with different simulation algorithms with little intrusive modification to the algorithms themselves. Only a few additional methods to handle communications between computational modules are required.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
E-Cell
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990450
Takahashi, K., Kaizu, K., Hu, B., and Tomita, M., A multi-algorithm, multi-timescale method for cell simulation. Bioinformatics, in press.
2011-05-26
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
Gauss-Legendre Runge-Kutta method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/960-8457-54-8
Open Formula
So called 'Open Formula', two points formula, three points formula, four points formula, five points formula and six points formula of the Runge-Kutta method to solve the initial value problem of the ordinary differential equation. These formulas use the points and weights from the Gauss-Legendre Quadrature formulas for finding the value of the definite integral.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/isbn/960-8457-54-8
Maitree Podisuk, Sirirat Khuntidilokwongsa, and Witchaya Rattanametawee. 2006. Gauss-Legendre Quadrature formula in Runge-Kutta method with modified model of Newton cooling law. In Proceedings of the 8th WSEAS international conference on Mathematical methods and computational techniques in electrical engineering (MMACTEE'06). World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS), Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA, 312-317.
Open Formula
EXACT
2011-05-26
AZ
true
Monte Carlo method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.2307/2280232
MC
Monte Carlo methods (or Monte Carlo experiments) are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.2307/2280232
Metropolis, N.; Ulam, S. (1949). "The Monte Carlo Method". Journal of the American Statistical Association (American Statistical Association) 44 (247): 335-341.
MC
EXACT
2011-05-26
AZ
BioRica
BioRica hybrid method
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/19425152
The simulation schema for a given BioRica node is given by a hybrid algorithm that deals with continuous time and allows for discrete events that roll back the time according to these discrete interruptions.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/19425152
Cvijovic M, Soueidan H, Sherman DJ, Klipp E, Nikolski M. Exploratory simulation of cell ageing using hierarchical models. Genome Inform. 2008;21:114-25.
2011-05-26
AZ
Cain
GSL
Cash-Karp method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/79505.79507
An family of explicit Runge-Kutta formulas, which are very efficient for problems with smooth solution as well as problems having rapidly varying solutions. Each member of this family consists of a fifty-order formula that contains embedded formulas of all orders 1 through 4. By computing solutions at several different orders, it is possible to detect sharp fronts or discontinuities before all the function evaluations defining the full Runge-Kutta step have been computed.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/79505.79507
J. R. Cash, A. H. Karp. "A variable order Runge-Kutta method for initial value problems with rapidly varying right-hand sides", ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 16: 201-222, 1990.
2011-05-27
AZ
hybridity
The basic idea of hybrid simulation methods is to combine the advantages of complementary simulation approaches: the whole system is subdivided into appropriate parts and different simulation methods operate on these parts at the same time.
2011-06-02
AZ
equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
We present a probabilistic steady-state approximation that separates the time scales of an arbitrary reaction network, detects the convergence of a marginal distribution to a quasi-steady-state, directly samples the underlying distribution, and uses those samples to accurately predict the state of the system, including the effects of the slow dynamics, at future times. The numerical method produces an accurate solution of both the fast and slow reaction dynamics while, for stiff systems, reducing the computational time by orders of magnitude. The developed theory makes no approximations on the shape or form of the underlying steady-state distribution and only assumes that it is ergodic. <...> The developed theory may be applied to any type of kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to more efficiently simulate dynamically stiff systems, including existing exact, approximate, or hybrid stochastic simulation techniques.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Salis H, Kaznessis YN. An equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation: dynamic application to the stochastic simulation of biochemical reaction networks. J Chem Phys. 2005 Dec 1;123(21):214106.
2011-06-02
AZ
nested stochastic simulation algorithm
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/16321076
nested SSA
This multiscale method is a small modification of the Gillespie's direct method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029], in the form of a nested SSA, with inner loops for the fast reactions, and outer loop for the slow reactions. The number of groups can be more than two, and the grouping into fast and slow variables can be done dynamically in an adaptive version of the scheme.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/16321076
E W., Liu D. and Vanden-Eijnden E. Nested stochastic simulation algorithm for chemical kinetic systems with disparate rates. J Chem Phys. 2005 Nov 15;123(19):194107.
nested SSA
EXACT
2011-06-02
AZ
minimum fast/discrete reaction occurrences number
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Parameter of 'equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation' method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000323], which describes the minimum number of fast/discrete reaction occurrences before their effects cause convergence to a quasi-steady-state distribution.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Salis H, Kaznessis YN. An equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation: dynamic application to the stochastic simulation of biochemical reaction networks. J Chem Phys. 2005 Dec 1;123(21):214106.
2011-06-02
AZ
number of samples
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Parameter of 'equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation' method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000323], which determines the number of samples taken from the distribution.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Salis H, Kaznessis YN. An equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation: dynamic application to the stochastic simulation of biochemical reaction networks. J Chem Phys. 2005 Dec 1;123(21):214106.
2011-06-02
AZ
maximum discrete number
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Parameter of 'equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation' method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000323], which controls the maximum number of molecules of some reactant species in order for the reaction to be considered discrete.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Salis H, Kaznessis YN. An equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation: dynamic application to the stochastic simulation of biochemical reaction networks. J Chem Phys. 2005 Dec 1;123(21):214106.
2011-06-02
AZ
minimum fast rate
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Parameter of 'equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation' method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000323], which controls the minimum rate of the reaction in order for it to be considered fast.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2131050
Salis H, Kaznessis YN. An equation-free probabilistic steady-state approximation: dynamic application to the stochastic simulation of biochemical reaction networks. J Chem Phys. 2005 Dec 1;123(21):214106.
2011-06-03
AZ
constant-time kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/18513044
SSA-CR
The computational cost of the original SSA [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] scaled linearly with the number of reactions in the network. Gibson and Bruck developed a logarithmic scaling version of the SSA which uses a priority queue or binary tree for more efficient reaction selection [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000027]. More generally, this problem is one of dynamic discrete random variate generation which finds many uses in kinetic Monte Carlo and discrete event simulation. We present here a constant-time algorithm, whose cost is independent of the number of reactions, enabled by a slightly more complex underlying data structure.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/18513044
Slepoy A, Thompson AP, Plimpton SJ. A constant-time kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm for simulation of large biochemical reaction networks. J Chem Phys. 2008 May 28;128(20):205101.
SSA-CR
EXACT
2011-06-03
AZ
R-leaping algorithm
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/16964997
R-leap method
A novel algorithm is proposed for the acceleration of the exact stochastic simulation algorithm by a predefined number of reaction firings (R-leaping) that may occur across several reaction channels. In the present approach, the numbers of reaction firings are correlated binomial distributions and the sampling procedure is independent of any permutation of the reaction channels. This enables the algorithm to efficiently handle large systems with disparate rates, providing substantial computational savings in certain cases.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/16964997
Auger A, Chatelain P, Koumoutsakos P. R-leaping: accelerating the stochastic simulation algorithm by reaction leaps. J Chem Phys. 2006 Aug 28;125(8):084103.
R-leap method
EXACT
2011-06-03
AZ
exact R-leaping algorithm
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/2852436
ER-leap method
exact R-leap method
exact accelerated stochastic simulation algorithm
We present a SSA which, similar to R-leap [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000330], accelerates SSA [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] by executing multiple reactions per algorithmic step, but which samples the reactant trajectories from the same probability distribution as the SSA. This 'exact R-leap' or 'ER-leap' algorithm is a modification of the R-leap algorithm which is both exact and capable of substantial speed-up over SSA.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/2852436
Eric Mjolsness, David Orendorff, Philippe Chatelain, and Petros Koumoutsakos. An exact accelerated stochastic simulation algorithm. J Chem Phys. 2009 April 14; 130(14): 144110.
ER-leap method
EXACT
exact R-leap method
EXACT
exact accelerated stochastic simulation algorithm
EXACT
2011-06-03
AZ
ER-leap initial leap
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/2852436
L
L (initial step) is a parameter of 'exact R-leaping method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000331]. ''We will assume that the reaction event to be bounded occurs within a run of L events in the SSA algorithm[http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029], in order to execute L reactions at once in the manner of the R-leap algorithm[http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000230]''.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/2852436
Eric Mjolsness, David Orendorff, Philippe Chatelain, and Petros Koumoutsakos. An exact accelerated stochastic simulation algorithm. J Chem Phys. 2009 April 14; 130(14): 144110.
L
EXACT
2011-06-03
AZ
true
accelerated stochastic simulation algorithm
accelerated SSA
An algorithm, which accelerates SSA [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] either at the expense of its accuracy or exact.
accelerated SSA
EXACT
2011-06-03
AZ
multiparticle lattice gas automata
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1142/S0129183194000052
multiparticle lattice gas cellular automata
An algorithm which allows for an arbitrary number of particles, while keeping the benefits of the cellular automata approach [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000315].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1142/S0129183194000052
Chopard B., et al.Multiparticle lattice gas automata for reaction diffusion systems. Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 1994;5:47-63.
multiparticle lattice gas cellular automata
EXACT
2011-06-03
AZ
true
generalized stochastic simulation algorithm
Gillespie direct method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] follows unit-by-unit changes in the total numbers of each reactant species, it is especially well suited to the study of systems in which reactant densities are low and the application of methods based on continuum approximations, such as the traditional ordinary differential equations of chemical kinetics, is questionable. The 'generalized stochastic simulation algorithm' branch presents methods, which extend Gillespie direct method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000029] to suit to systems with other characteristics.
2011-06-03
AZ
D-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jcp.2009.05.004
We propose a novel, accelerated algorithm for the approximate stochastic simulation of biochemical systems with delays. The present work extends existing accelerated algorithms by distributing, in a time adaptive fashion, the delayed reactions so as to minimize the computational effort while preserving their accuracy.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jcp.2009.05.004
Bayati B, Chatelain P, Koumoutsakos. D-leaping: Accelerating stochastic simulation algorithms for reactions with delays. Journal of Computational Physics. 2009 Sept;228(16):5909-5918.
2011-06-07
AZ
finite element method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/MAP.2007.376627
FEA
FEM
finite element analysis
A numerical technique for finding approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral equations. The solution approach is based either on eliminating the differential equation completely (steady state problems), or rendering the PDE into an approximating system of ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically integrated using standard techniques such as Euler method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000261], Runge-Kutta [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000064], etc.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/MAP.2007.376627
Pelosi G. The finite-element method, Part I: R. L. Courant: Historical Corner. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 2. (April 2007), pp. 180-182.
FEA
EXACT
FEM
EXACT
finite element analysis
EXACT
2011-06-07
AZ
h-version of the finite element method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0168-874X(94)90003-5
h-FEM
h-method
Classical form of the 'finite element method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000337], in which polynomials of fixed degree p are used and the mesh is refined to increase accuracy. Can be considered as a special case of the h-p version [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000340].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0168-874X(94)90003-5
Babuska, I., T. Strouboulis, A. Mathur, C. S. Upadhyay, Pollution error in the h-version of the finite element method and the local quality of a-posteriori error estimators, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 17: 273-321, 1994.
h-FEM
EXACT
h-method
EXACT
2011-06-07
AZ
p-version of the finite element method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0718033
p-FEM
p-method
The p version of 'finite element method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000337] uses a fixed mesh but increases the polynomial degree p to increase accuracy. Can be considered as a special case of the h-p version [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000340].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0718033
Babuska, I., B.A. Szabo and I.N. Katz, The p-version of the finite element method, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 18: 515-545, 1981.
p-FEM
EXACT
p-method
EXACT
2011-06-07
AZ
h-p version of the finite element method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF00272624
hp-FEM
hp-method
In h-p version of 'finite difference method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000337] the two approaches of mesh refinement and degree enchacement are combined.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF00272624
Babuska, I., and B. Guo, The h-p version of the finite element method, Comput. Mech., 1: 203-220, 1986.
hp-FEM
EXACT
hp-method
EXACT
2011-06-07
AZ
mixed finite element method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0045-7825(90)90168-L
A 'finite element method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000337] in which both stress and displacement fields are approximated as primary variables.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0045-7825(90)90168-L
D. N. Arnold. 1990. Mixed finite element methods for elliptic problems. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 82, 1-3 (September 1990), 281-300.
2011-06-07
AZ
level set method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0021-9991(88)90002-2
LSM
level-set method
An algorithm for moving surfaces under their curvature. This algorithm rely on numerically solving Hamilton-Jacobi equations with viscous terms, using approximation techniques from hyperbolic conservation laws.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0021-9991(88)90002-2
Osher, S.; Sethian, J. A. (1988), "Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations", J. Comput. Phys. 79: 12-49.
LSM
EXACT
level-set method
EXACT
2011-06-07
AZ
generalized finite element method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1142/S0219876204000083
GFEM
PUM
partition of unity method
The GFEM is a generalization of the classical 'finite element method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000337] — in its h [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000338], p [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000339], and h-p versions [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000340]— as well as of the various forms of meshless methods used in engineering.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1142/S0219876204000083
Babuska, Ivo; Uday Banerjee, John E. Osborn (June 2004). Generalized Finite Element Methods: Main Ideas, Results, and Perspective. International Journal of Computational Methods 1 (1): 67-103.
GFEM
EXACT
PUM
EXACT
partition of unity method
EXACT
2011-06-09
AZ
h-p cloud method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2426(199611)12:6<673::AID-NUM3>3.0.CO;2-P
h-p clouds
method of clouds
A meshless method, which uses a partition of unity to construct the family of h-p cloud functions.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2426(199611)12:6<673::AID-NUM3>3.0.CO;2-P
Duarte, C. A. and Oden, J. T. (1996), H-p clouds—an h-p meshless method. Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 12: 673-705.
h-p clouds
EXACT
method of clouds
EXACT
AZ
mesh-based geometry handling
In most large-scale numerical simulations of physical phenomena, a large percentage of the overall computational effort is expended on technical details connected with meshing. These details include, in particular, grid generation, mesh adaptation to domain geometry, element or cell connectivity, grid motion and separation to model fracture, fragmentation, free surfaces, etc.
AZ
meshless geometry handling
Most meshless methods require a scattered set of nodal points in the domain of interest. In these methods, there may be no fixed connectivities between the nodes, unlike the finite element or finite difference methods. This feature has significant implications in modeling some physical phenomena that are characterized by a continuous change in the geometry of the domain under analysis.
2011-06-09
AZ
extended finite element method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/s00466-002-0391-2
X-FEM
XFEM
A numerical method to model arbitrary discontinuities in continuous bodies that does not require the mesh to conform to the discontinuities nor significant mesh refinement near singularities. In X-FEM the standard finite element approximation [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000337] is enriched and the approximation space is extended by an additional family of functions.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/s00466-002-0391-2
Stazi, F. L.; Budyn, E.; Chessa, J.; Belytschko, T. An extended finite element method with higher-order elements for curved cracks. Computational Mechanics, Volume 31, Issue 1-2, pp. 38-48 (2003).
X-FEM
EXACT
XFEM
EXACT
2011-06-09
AZ
method of finite spheres
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/s004660050481
MFS
Method of finite spheres is truly meshless in the sense that the nodes are placed and the numerical integration is performed without a mesh. Some of the novel features of the method of finite spheres are the numerical integration scheme and the way in which the Dirichlet boundary conditions are incorporated.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/s004660050481
S. De and K. J. Bathe. The method of finite spheres. Computational Mechanics, Volume 25, Number 4, 329-345.
MFS
EXACT
2011-06-09
AZ
probability-weighted dynamic Monte Carlo method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1021/jp011404w
PW-DMC
probability-weighted DMC
We have developed a probability-weighted DMC method by incorporating the weighted sampling algorithm of equilibrium molecular simulations. This new algorithm samples the slow reactions very efficiently and makes it possible to simulate in a computationally efficient manner the reaction kinetics of physical systems in which the rates of reactions vary by several orders of magnitude.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1021/jp011404w
Resat H, Wiley HS, Dixon DA. Probability-weighted dynamic Monte Carlo method for reaction kinetics simulations. J Phys Chem B. 2001;105:11026-11034.
PW-DMC
EXACT
probability-weighted DMC
EXACT
2011-06-09
AZ
multinomial tau-leaping method
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/17343434
MtauL
The multinomial tau-leaping method is an extension of the binomial tau-leaping method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000074] to networks with arbitrary multiple-channel reactant dependencies. Improvements were achieved by a combination of three factors: First, tau-leaping steps are determined simply and efficiently using a-priori information and Poisson distribution based estimates of expectation values for reaction numbers. Second, networks are partitioned into closed groups of reactions and corresponding reactants in which no group reactant set is found in any other group. Third, product formation is factored into upper bound estimation of the number of times a particular reaction occurs.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/17343434
Pettigrew MF, Resat H. Multinomial tau-leaping method for stochastic kinetic simulations. J Chem Phys. 2007 Feb 28;126(8):084101.
MtauL
EXACT
2011-06-09
AZ
true
hybrid method
A simulation methods which combines the advantages of complementary simulation approaches: the whole system is subdivided into appropriate parts and different simulation methods operate on these parts at the same time.
2011-06-10
AZ
CVODE
generalized minimal residual algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0907058
GMRES
An iterative method for solving linear systems, which has the property of minimizing at every step the norm of the residual vector over a Krylov subspace. The generalized minimal residual method extends the minimal residual method (MINRES) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000388], which is only applicable to symmetric systems, to non-symmetric systems.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0907058
Youcef Saad and Martin H. Schultz, GMRES: A Generalized Minimal Residual Algorithm for Solving Nonsymmetric Linear Systems. SIAM J. Sci. and Stat. Comput. 7, 856 (1986).
GMRES
EXACT
2011-06-10
AZ
Krylov subspace projection method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
Krylov subspace method
Krylov subspace method is an iterative linear equation method, which builds up Krylov subspaces and look for good approximations to eigenvectors and invariant subspaces within the Krylov spaces.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
Y. Saad. 2003. Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems (2nd ed.). Soc. for Industrial and Applied Math., Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Krylov subspace method
EXACT
2011-06-10
AZ
DASPK
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0915088
DDASPK
SDASPK
differential algebraic system solver with Krylov preconditioning
In DASPK, we have combined the time-stepping methods of DASSL [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000255] with preconditioned iterative method GMRES [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000386], for solving large-scale systems of DAEs of the form F(t, y, y') = 0, where F, y, y' are N-dimensional vectors, and a consistent set of initial conditions y(t0) = y0, y'(t0) = y'0 is given.
DASPK is written in Fortran.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0915088
Peter N. Brown, Alan C. Hindmarsh, and Linda R. Petzold. 1994. Using Krylov methods in the solution of large-scale differential-algebraic systems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 15, 6 (November 1994), 1467-1488.
DDASPK
NARROW
SDASPK
NARROW
differential algebraic system solver with Krylov preconditioning
EXACT
2011-06-10
AZ
DASSL
http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/nesc9918.html
DDASSL
SDASSL
differential algebraic system solver
DASSL is designed for the numerical solution of implicit systems of differential/algebraic equations written in the form F(t,y,y')=0, where F, y, and y' are vectors, and initial values for y and y' are given.
http://www.nea.fr/abs/html/nesc9918.html
Linda R. Petzold: A Description of DASSL: A Differential/Algebraic System Solver, SAND82-8637 (September 1982).
DDASSL
NARROW
SDASSL
NARROW
differential algebraic system solver
EXACT
2011-06-10
AZ
conjugate gradient method
urn:issn:0091-0635
CG
Conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations, namely those whose matrix is symmetric and positive-definite. The conjugate gradient method is an iterative method, so it can be applied to sparse systems that are too large to be handled by direct methods. Such systems often arise when numerically solving partial differential equations.
urn:issn:0091-0635
M. R. Hestenes and E. L. Stiefel, Methods of conjugate gradients for solving linear systems. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 49 (1952), p. 409.
CG
EXACT
2011-06-10
AZ
biconjugate gradient method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BFb0080109
BCG
Bi-CG
BiCG
The biconjugate gradient method provides a generalization of conjugate gradient method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000357] to non-symmetric matrices.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BFb0080109
Fletcher, R. (1976). "Conjugate gradient methods for indefinite systems". Numerical Analysis. Lecture Notes in Mathematics (Springer Berlin / Heidelberg) 506: 73-89.
BCG
EXACT
Bi-CG
EXACT
BiCG
EXACT
2011-06-13
AZ
implicit-state Doob-Gillespie algorithm
http://identifiers.org/isbn/3-540-76636-7 978-3-540-76636-0
The algorithm uses a representation of the system together with a super-approximation of its ‘event horizon’ (all events that may happen next), and a specific correction scheme to obtain exact timings. Being completely local and not based on any kind of enumeration, this algorithm has a per event time cost which is independent of (i) the size of the set of generable species (which can even be infinite), and (ii) independent of the size of the system (ie, the number of agent instances). The algorithm can be refined, using concepts derived from the classical notion of causality, so that in addition to the above one also has that the even cost is depending (iii) only logarithmically on the size of the model (ie, the number of rules).
http://identifiers.org/isbn/3-540-76636-7 978-3-540-76636-0
V. Danos, J. Feret, W. Fontana, and J. Krivine. 2007. Scalable simulation of cellular signalling networks. In Proceedings of the 5th Asian conference on Programming languages and systems (APLAS'07), Zhong Shao (Ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 139-157.
2011-06-13
AZ
true
rule-based simulation method
Rule-based models provide a powerful alternative to approaches that require explicit enumeration of all possible molecular species of a system. Such models consist of formal rules governing interactive behaviour. Rule-based simulation methods simulate such models.
2011-06-16
AZ
GSL
Adams predictor-corrector method
urn:asin:B0000EFQ8B
The combination of evaluating a single explicit integration method ('Adams-Bashforth method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000279]) (the predictor step) in order to provide a good initial guess for the successive evaluation of an implicit method ('Adams-Moulton method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000280]) (the corrector step) using iteration.
urn:asin:B0000EFQ8B
Moulton, Forest R. (1926), New methods in exterior ballistics, University of Chicago Press.
2011-06-16
AZ
Mathematica
NDSolve method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-1-57955-058-5
The Mathematica computation system function NDSolve is a general numerical differential equation solver. It can handle a wide range of ordinary differential equations as well as some partial differential equations. NDSolve can also solve some differential-algebraic equations, which are typically a mix of differential and algebraic equations.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-1-57955-058-5
Advanced Numerical Differential Equation Solving in Mathematica, Wolfram Mathematica Tutorial Collection, 2008.
2011-06-16
AZ
symplecticness
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1017/S0962492900002282
Roughly speaking, ‘symplecticness’ is a characteristic property possessed by the solutions of Hamiltonian problems. A numerical method is called symplectic if, when applied to Hamiltonian problems, it generates numerical solutions which inherit the property of symplecticness (phase volume preservation).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1017/S0962492900002282
J. M. Sanz-Serna (1992). Symplectic integrators for Hamiltonian problems: an overview. Acta Numerica, 1, pp 243-286
2
2011-06-16
AZ
partitioned Runge-Kutta method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01389456
PRK
SPRK
symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta method
If a Hamiltonian system possesses a natural partitioning, it is possible to integrate its certain components using one Runge-Kutta method and other components using a different Runge-Kutta method. The overall s-stage scheme is called a partitioned Runge-Kutta method.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01389456
P. Rentrop (1985): Partitioned Runge-Kutta methods with stiffness detection and stepsize control. Numer. Math., Vol. 47, p.545-564.
PRK
EXACT
SPRK
EXACT
symplectic partitioned Runge-Kutta method
EXACT
2011-06-27
AZ
true
partial differential equation discretization method
A method which solves partial differential equations by discretizing them, i.e. approximating them by equations that involve a finite number of unknowns.
2011-06-29
AZ
true
type of problem
A characteristic describing the type of the problems which can be solved by the algorithm.
AZ
stochastic differential equation problem
SDE problem
SDE problem
EXACT
AZ
partial differential equation problem
PDE problem
PDE problem
EXACT
AZ
differential-algebraic equation problem
DAE
DAE
EXACT
AZ
ordinary differential equation problem
ODE problem
ODE problem
EXACT
AZ
delay differential equation problem
DDE problem
2011-07-19
AZ
linearity of equation
Linear differential equations are of the form Ly = f, where the differential operator L is a linear operator, y is the unknown function, and the right hand side f is a given function of the same nature as y.
2011-06-30
AZ
true
one-step method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
A numerical method for differential equations which uses one starting value at each step.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag
2
2011-06-30
AZ
GSL
implicit midpoint rule
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
implicit Gaussian second order Runge-Kutta method
The implicit midpoint rule is a second-order case of the more general implicit s-stage Runge-Kutta methods [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000064 and (http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000245 some http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000240)].
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag.
implicit Gaussian second order Runge-Kutta method
EXACT
2011-07-01
AZ
Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF02165234
GBS
Gragg-Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm
The Bulirsch-Stoer method is an adaptive method which uses Gragg's modified midpoint method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000382] to estimate the solution of an initial value problem for various step sizes. The estimates are fit to a "diagonal" rational function or a polynomial as a function of the step size and the limit as the step size tends to zero is taken as the final estimate.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF02165234
Bulirsch R. and Stoer J. (1966) Numerical treatment of ordinary differential equations by extrapolation methods, Numerische Mathematik, Volume 8, Number 1, 1-13.
GBS
EXACT
Gragg-Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm
EXACT
2011-07-01
AZ
true
Richardson extrapolation based method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.1911.0009
A method based on ideas of Richardson extrapolation, which is a process for obtaining increased accuracy in a discretized approximation by extrapolating results from coarse discretizations to an arbitrarily fine one.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.1911.0009
Richardson, L. F. (1911). The approximate arithmetical solution by finite differences of physical problems including differential equations, with an application to the stresses in a masonry dam. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A 210 (459-470): 307-357.
2
2011-07-01
AZ
midpoint method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
The midpoint method is an explicit method for approximating the solution of the initial value problem y' = f(x,y); y(x0) = y0 at x for a given step size h. For the midpoint method the derivative of y(x) is approximated by the symmetric difference y'(x) = ( y(x+h) - y(x-h) ) / 2h + O(h2).
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag.
2011-07-01
AZ
modified midpoint method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
Gragg's method
Gragg's modified midpoint method
The modified midpoint method is globally a second order method for approximating the solution of the initial value problem y' = f(x, y), y(x0) = y0, which advances a vector of dependent variables y(x) from a point x to a point x + H by a sequence of n substeps each of size h, h = H/n.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/052143064X
Press WH, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT, Flannery BP. Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77. Cambridge University Press (2001).
Gragg's method
EXACT
2011-07-01
AZ
GSL
Bader-Deuflhard method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01418331
The Bader-Deuflhard method is an extrapolation method based on a semi-implicit discretization [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000387]. It is a generalization of the Bulirsch-Stoer algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000379] for solving ordinary differential equations.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01418331
Bader, G. and Deuflhard, P. "A Semi-Implicit Mid-Point Rule for Stiff Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations." Numer. Math. 41, 373-398, 1983.
2011-07-01
AZ
semi-implicit midpoint rule
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01418331
A semi-implicit version of the midpoint method that has an even error series [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000381].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01418331
Bader, G. and Deuflhard, P. "A Semi-Implicit Mid-Point Rule for Stiff Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations." Numer. Math. 41, 373-398, 1983.
2011-07-18
AZ
scaled preconditioned generalized minimal residual method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0915088
SPGMR
A scaled preconditioned version of 'generalized minimal residual algorithm' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000353]. For linear system Ax = b a preconditioner matrix P that approximates A is sought, for which linear system Px = b can be solved easily. Preconditioning is applied on the left only. Scaling is done using diagonal matrix D whose diagonal elements are weights w^i = rtol|y^i| +atol^i, where rtol is 'relative tolerance' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000209] and atol is 'absolute tolerance' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000211].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0915088
Peter N. Brown, Alan C. Hindmarsh, and Linda R. Petzold. 1994. Using Krylov methods in the solution of large-scale differential-algebraic systems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 15, 6 (November 1994), 1467-1488.
SPGMR
EXACT
2011-07-18
AZ
minimal residual method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0712047
MINRES
The 'minimal residual method' is an algorithm for the numerical solution of indefinite symmertic systems of linear equations.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0712047
Paige C.C., Saunders M.A. Solution of sparse indefinite systems of linear equations, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (1975) Volume: 12, Issue: 4, Publisher: SIAM, Pages: 617-629.
MINRES
EXACT
2011-07-18
AZ
quasi-minimal residual method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01385726
QMR
The QMR algorithm is a robust iterative solver for general nonsingular non-Hermitian linear systems. The method uses a robust implementation of the look-ahead Lanczos algorithm to generate basis vectors for the Krylov subspaces Kn(r0, A). The QMR iterates are characterized by a quasi-minimal residual property over Kn(r0, A).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/BF01385726
Roland W. Freund and Noël M. Nachtigal. QMR: a quasi-minimal residual method for non-Hermitian linear systems. NUMERISCHE MATHEMATIK Volume 60, Number 1, 315-339.
QMR
EXACT
CVODE
biconjugate gradient stabilized method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0913035
Bi-CGSTAB
BiCGSTAB
An iterative method for the numerical solution of nonsymmetric linear systems. It is a variant of the biconjugate gradient method (BiCG) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000358] and has faster and smoother convergence than the original BiCG.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0913035
Van der Vorst, H. A. (1992). Bi-CGSTAB: A Fast and Smoothly Converging Variant of Bi-CG for the Solution of Nonsymmetric Linear Systems. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing 13: 631-644.
Bi-CGSTAB
EXACT
BiCGSTAB
EXACT
2011-07-18
AZ
ingenious conjugate gradients-squared method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0910004
CGS
A Lanczos-type method for nonsymmetric sparse linear systems. The method is based on a polynomial variant of the conjugate gradients algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000357]. Although related to the so-called bi-conjugate gradients (Bi-CG) algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000358], it does not involve adjoint matrix-vector multiplications, and the expected convergence rate is about twice that of the Bi-CG algorithm.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0910004
Peter Sonneveld. 1989. CGS, a fast Lanczos-type solver for nonsymmetric linear systems. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 10, 1 (January 1989), 36-52.
CGS
EXACT
2011-07-19
AZ
quasi-minimal residual variant of biconjugate gradient stabilized method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0915023
QMRCGSTAB
QMRCGSTAB is a quasi-minimal residual (QMR) variant of the Bi-CGSTAB algorithm [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000394] of van der Vorst for solving nonsymmetric linear systems. The motivation for the QMR variant is to obtain smoother convergence behavior of the underlying method.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0915023
T. F. Chan, E. Gallopoulos, V. Simoncini, T. Szeto, and C. H. Tong. 1994. A quasi-minimal residual variant of the Bi-CGSTAB algorithm for nonsymmetric systems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 15, 2 (March 1994), 338-347.
QMRCGSTAB
EXACT
2011-07-19
AZ
true
improved biconjugate gradient method
An 'improved biconjugate gradient method' branch contains algorithms which can be viewed as improvements over some of drawbacks of BCG [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000358], such as (1) the need for matrix-vector multiplications with A^T (which can be inconvenient as well as doubling the number of matrix-vector multiplications compared to CG [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000357] for each increase in the degree of the underlying Krylov subspace), (2) the possibility of breakdowns and (3) erratic convergence behavior.
2011-07-19
AZ
CVODE
transpose-free quasi-minimal residual algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0914029
TFQMR
A version of CGS [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000393] which 'quasi-minimizes' the residual in the space spanned by the vectors generated by the CGS iteration.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0914029
Roland W. Freund. 1993. A transpose-free quasi-minimal residual algorithm for non-Hermitian linear systems. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 14, 2 (March 1993), 470-482.
TFQMR
EXACT
2011-07-19
AZ
preconditioning technique
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
Preconditioning is simply a means of transforming the original linear system into one which has the same solution, but which is likely to be easier to solve with an iterative solver.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
Saad, Yousef (2003). Iterative methods for sparse linear systems (2nd ed.). SIAM.
2011-07-19
AZ
true
iterative method for solving a system of linear equations
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0898715342
Saad, Yousef (2003). Iterative methods for sparse linear systems (2nd ed.). SIAM.
2011-07-19
AZ
homogeneousness of equation
Homogeneous equations are of the form Ly = 0, where the differential operator L is a linear operator and y is the unknown function.
2011-07-19
AZ
symmetricity of matrix
In linear algebra, a symmetric matrix is a square matrix that is equal to its transpose.
2011-07-19
AZ
true
type of differential equation
2012-01-17
AZ
false
Requested by Frank T. Bergmann on Sunday, November 27, 2011 4:45:30 PM.
steady state root-finding method
Method for finding the root of a function (f(x) = 0).
2012-01-18
AZ
Requested by Frank T. Bergmann on Sunday, November 27, 2011 4:45:30 PM.
Newton-type method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
A method which attacks the solution of a nonlinear problem F(x) = 0 by solving a sequence of liner problems of the same kind.
The solution of the system F(x)=0 can be interpreted as a steady state of a dynamic system x'(t)=F(x(t)). The Newton approach will only work if the fixed point [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.teddy/TEDDY_0000086] of the dinamic system is attractive [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.teddy/TEDDY_0000094].
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
Deuflhard, P. Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems: Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms, Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 35, 1st ed. 2004.
2012-01-18
AZ
ordinary Newton method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
A 'Newton-type method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000408] which solves the general nonlinear problem F(x)=0 by applying successive linearization F'(x[k])deltax[k]=-F(x[k]), x[k+1]=x[k]+deltax[k], k=0,1,...
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
Deuflhard, P. Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems: Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms, Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 35, 1st ed. 2004.
2012-01-18
AZ
simplified Newton method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
A 'Newton-type method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000408] which is characterized by keeping the initial derivative throughout the whole iteration: F'(x[0])deltax[k]=-F(x[k]), x[k+1]=x[k]+deltax[k], k=0,1,...
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
Deuflhard, P. Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems: Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms, Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 35, 1st ed. 2004.
2012-01-18
AZ
Newton-like method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
A 'Newton-type method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000408] which is characterized by the fact that, in finite dimension, the Jacodian matrices are either replaced by some fixed 'close by' Jacobian F'(z) with z not equal to the initial guess x[0], or by some approximation so that: M'(x[0])deltax[k]=-F(x[k]), x[k+1]=x[k]+deltax[k], k=0,1,...
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
Deuflhard, P. Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems: Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms, Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 35, 1st ed. 2004.
2012-01-18
AZ
inexact Newton method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
iterative Newton method
truncated Newton method
For extremely large scale nonlinear problems the arising linear systems for the Newton corrections can no longer be solved directly ('exactly'), but must be solved iterativly ('inexactly) - which gives the name inexact Newton methods. The whole scheme then consists of an inner iteration (at Newton step k):
F'(x[k])deltaxi[k]=-F(x[k])+ri[k], k=0,1,...
xi[k+1]=x[k]+deltaxi[k], i=0,1,..,imax[k]
in terms of residuals ri[k] and an outer iteration where, given x[0], the iterates are defined as x[k+1]=xi[k+1] for i=imax[k], k=0,1,...
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
Deuflhard, P. Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems: Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms, Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 35, 1st ed. 2004.
iterative Newton method
EXACT
truncated Newton method
EXACT
2012-01-18
AZ
exact Newton method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
direct Newton method
Any of the finite dimensional Newton-type methods [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000408] requires the numerical solution of the linear equations F'(x[k])deltax[k]=-F(x[k]). Whenever direct elimination methods are applicable, we speak of exact Newton methods.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9783540210993
Deuflhard, P. Newton Methods for Nonlinear Problems: Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms, Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 35, 1st ed. 2004.
2012-01-18
AZ
maximum number of steps
maximum steps
The limit on number of internal steps before an output point.
1
1
2012-01-18
AZ
Requested by Kristin Tøndel on Thursday, October 13, 2011 10:46:04 AM.
partial least squares regression method
http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/10.1007/BFb0062108
PLSR
PLSR method
Multivariate regression method based on estimated latent variables. Related to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Principal Component Regression (PCR).
http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/10.1007/BFb0062108
Wold S, Martens H, Wold H (1983) The multivariate calibration method in chemistry solved by the PLS method. In: Lecture notes in Mathematics, Matrix Pencils. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 286-293.
PLSR
EXACT
PLSR method
EXACT
1
2012-01-18
AZ
Requested by Kristin Tøndel on Thursday, October 13, 2011 11:13:17 AM.
hierarchical cluster-based partial least squares regression method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
HC-PLSR
Multivariate regression method based on separating the observations into clusters and generating Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000416] models within each cluster. This local regression analysis is suitable for very non-linear systems. PLSR is a regression method based on estimated latent variables, related to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Principal Component Regression (PCR).
Hierarchical cluster-based partial least squares regression method uses fuzzy C-means clustering, PLSR and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) or Naive Bayes for classification of new observations to be predicted.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
Tøndel K, Indahl UG, Gjuvsland AB, Vik JO, Hunter P, et al. (2011) Hierarchical Cluster-based Partial Least Squares Regression is an efficient tool for metamodelling of nonlinear dynamic models. BMC Systems Biology 5: 90.
1
2012-01-18
AZ
Requested by Kristin Tøndel on Thursday, October 13, 2011 11:33:06 AM.
N-way partial least squares regression method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-128X(199601)10:1<47::AID-CEM400>3.0.CO;2-C
http://www.models.life.ku.dk/nwaytoolbox
N-PLS
N-way PLSR
N-way partial least squares method
Multivariate regression method that can be used on N-way data. Based on Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000416], which is a regression method based on estimated latent variables. PLSR is related to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Principal Component Regression (PCR).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-128X(199601)10:1<47::AID-CEM400>3.0.CO;2-C
Bro R (1996) Multiway calibration. Multilinear PLS. J. Chemometrics 10: 47-6.
http://www.models.life.ku.dk/nwaytoolbox
N-way toolbox website
N-PLS
EXACT
N-way PLSR
EXACT
N-way partial least squares method
EXACT
2012-01-18
AZ
true
metamodelling method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
Deterministic dynamic models of complex biological systems contain a large number of parameters and state variables, related through nonlinear differential equations with various types of feedback. A metamodel of such a dynamic model is a statistical approximation model that maps variation in parameters and initial conditions (inputs) to variation in features of the trajectories of the state variables (outputs) throughout the entire biologically relevant input space.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
Tøndel K, Indahl UG, Gjuvsland AB, Vik JO, Hunter P, et al. (2011) Hierarchical Cluster-based Partial Least Squares Regression is an efficient tool for metamodelling of nonlinear dynamic models. BMC Systems Biology 5: 90.
2012-01-18
AZ
number of partial least squares components
http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/10.1007/BFb0062108
Parameter used by 'partial least squares regression method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000416] describing number of PLS components to include in the regression analysis.
http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/10.1007/BFb0062108
Wold S, Martens H, Wold H (1983) The multivariate calibration method in chemistry solved by the PLS method. In: Lecture notes in Mathematics, Matrix Pencils. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 286-293.
2012-01-18
AZ
type of validation
Parameter of 'partial least squares regression method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000416] describing how validation is performed. Possible values include cross-validation and test set validation.
2012-01-18
AZ
number of N-way partial least squares regression factors
number of factors
Parameter of 'N-way partial least squares regression method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000369] describing the number of factors to compute.
number of factors
EXACT
1
2012-01-18
AZ
true
partial least squares regression-like method
Method for building regression models between independent and dependent variables.
2012-01-18
AZ
mean-centring of variables
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
A boolean parameter of the 'hierarchical cluster-based partial least squares regression method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000417] specifying whether the variables were mean-centred prior to the regression analysis.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
Tøndel K, Indahl UG, Gjuvsland AB, Vik JO, Hunter P, et al. (2011) Hierarchical Cluster-based Partial Least Squares Regression is an efficient tool for metamodelling of nonlinear dynamic models. BMC Systems Biology 5: 90.
2012-01-18
AZ
standardising of variables
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
A boolean parameter of the 'hierarchical cluster-based partial least squares regression method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000417] specifying whether the variables were standardised (divided by their standard deviations) prior to the regression analysis.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
Tøndel K, Indahl UG, Gjuvsland AB, Vik JO, Hunter P, et al. (2011) Hierarchical Cluster-based Partial Least Squares Regression is an efficient tool for metamodelling of nonlinear dynamic models. BMC Systems Biology 5: 90.
2012-01-18
AZ
number of clusters
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
Parameter specifying the number of clusters used by C-means algorithm.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
Tøndel K, Indahl UG, Gjuvsland AB, Vik JO, Hunter P, et al. (2011) Hierarchical Cluster-based Partial Least Squares Regression is an efficient tool for metamodelling of nonlinear dynamic models. BMC Systems Biology 5: 90.
2012-01-18
AZ
matrix for clusterization
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
A matrix to do the clustering in 'hierarchical cluster-based partial least squares regression method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000417].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-5-90
Tøndel K, Indahl UG, Gjuvsland AB, Vik JO, Hunter P, et al. (2011) Hierarchical Cluster-based Partial Least Squares Regression is an efficient tool for metamodelling of nonlinear dynamic models. BMC Systems Biology 5: 90.
AZ
true
clusterization parameter
Parameter used by algorithms performing clusterization.
AZ
true
variables preprocessing parameter
1
2012-05-24
AZ
true
IDA-like method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
Solves real differential-algebraic systems in N-space, in the general form F(t,y,y')=0, y(t0)=y0, y'(t0)=y'0. At each step, a Newton iteration [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000408] leads to linear systems Jx=b, which are solved by one of five methods - two direct (dense or band; serial version only) and three Krylov [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000354] (GMRES [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000353], BiCGStab [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000392], or TFQMR [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000396]).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
Hindmarsh, A. C., et al., SUNDIALS: Suite of Nonlinear and Differential/Algebraic Equation Solvers, ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 31:363-396, 2005.
1
1
2012-05-24
AZ
true
CVODE-like method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
Solves ODE initial value problems, in real N-space, written as y'=f(t,y), y(t0)=y0. It is capable for stiff and non-stiff systems and uses two different linear multi-step methods, namely the Adam-Moulton [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000280] method and the backward differentiation formula [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000288].
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
Hindmarsh, A. C., et al., SUNDIALS: Suite of Nonlinear and Differential/Algebraic Equation Solvers, ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 31:363-396, 2005.
2012-09-25
AZ
Higham-Hall method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0377-0427(90)90192-3
RK5(4)7FEql
The equilibrium theory of Hall and Higham (1988) can be used to determine whether a Runge-Kutta algorithm will perform smoothly when stability restricts the stepsize. Higham-Hall method is a fifth order embedded Runge-Kutta method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000302], which behaves smoothly with respect to the standard type of stepsize controllers.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0377-0427(90)90192-3
Higham, D.J. and Hall, G. (1990) Embedded Runge-Kutta formulae with stable equilibrium states. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 29 (1). pp. 25-33.
4
5
2012-09-26
AZ
true
embedded Runge-Kutta 5(4) method
RK5(4)
An embedded Runge-Kutta integrator of order 5(4).
5
8
1
1
1
1
1
2012-09-26
AZ
Dormand-Prince 8(5,3) method
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
This method is based on an 8(6) method by Dormand and Prince (i.e. order 8 for the integration and order 6 for error estimation) modified by Hairer and Wanner to use a 5th order error estimator with 3rd order correction.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/978-3-540-56670-0
Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems (2nd ed.), Berlin: Springer Verlag
2012-11-29
AZ
Requested by Frank T. Bergmann on Thursday, November 29, 2012 9:51:58 AM.
flux balance analysis
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/nbt.1614
FBA
Flux balance analysis is a mathematical approach for analyzing the flow of metabolites through a metabolic network.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/nbt.1614
Jeffrey D Orth, Ines Thiele and Bernhard O Palsson (2010) What is flux balance analysis? Nature Biotechnology 28, 245–248
1
2013-01-28
AZ
Requested by Mark Moeller on Friday, January 25, 2013 11:11:30 AM.
COAST
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/17100426
controllable approximative stochastic reaction algorithm
An approximative algorithm for stochastic simulations of chemical reaction systems based on three different modeling levels: for small numbers of particles an exact [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000236] stochastic [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000104] model; for intermediate numbers an approximative [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000237], but computationally more efficient stochastic [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000104] model based on discrete Gaussian distributions; and for large numbers the deterministic [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000103] reaction kinetics. In every simulation time step, the subdivision of the reaction channels into the three different modeling levels is done automatically, where all approximations applied can be controlled by a single error parameter for which an appropriate value can easily be found.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/17100426
Holger Wagner, Mark Moeller, and Klaus Prank (2006) COAST: Controllable approximative stochastic reaction algorithm. J. Chem. Phys. 125, 174104
2013-01-28
AZ
true
logical model simulation method
http://www.identifiers.org/pubmed/22141422
Qualitative (logical) models specify the evolution rules of their components. In each state a number of transitions are enabled. A 'logical model simulation method' guides the choice of the transitions processed at each step.
http://www.identifiers.org/pubmed/22141422
Daniel Machado et al. Modeling formalisms in Systems Biology. AMB Express 2011, 1:45
2013-01-28
AZ
synchronous logical model simulation method
Qualitative (logical) models specify the evolution rules of their components. In the case of a synchronous updating all enabled transitions are processed simultaneously.
2013-01-28
AZ
asynchronous logical model simulation method
Qualitative (logical) models specify the evolution rules of their components. It the case of an asynchronous updating all enabled transitions are performed independently: a state has as many successors as the number of transitions enabled in this state. An 'asynchronous logical model simulation method' specifies a rule to guide the choice of a unique transition at each step (for example random).
2013-01-28
AZ
true
type of updating policy
A rule to guide the choice of a unique transition at each step used by an 'asynchronous logical model simulation method' [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000450].
2013-01-28
AZ
random updating policy
An updating policy that chooses a transition randomly.
2013-01-28
AZ
ordered updating policy
An updating policy that chooses a transition in a definite way.
2013-01-28
AZ
constant updating policy
An updating policy that chooses a transition in a constant way.
2013-01-28
AZ
prioritized updating policy
An updating policy that chooses a transition in a prioritized way.
2013-07-05
AZ
Requested by Andrew Miller on Tuesday, June 4, 2013 2:33:51 AM.
maximum step size
An upper limit, in the units of the bound variable over which a numerical integration is being performed, that an adaptive step size numerical integration algorithm should take.
2014-04-25
AZ
Requested by Andrzej Kierzek on Thursday, April 24, 2014 12:40:35 PM
Used to simulate systems involving reactions with propensities varying by many orders of magnitude.
maximal timestep method
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990466
Hybrid simulation algorithm [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000352] combining Gibson and Bruck algorithm [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000027] with the Gillespie tau-leap method [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000039].
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990466
Puchalka J, Kierzek AM. Bridging the gap between stochastic and deterministic regimes in the kinetic simulations of the biochemical reaction networks. Biophys J. 2004 Mar;86(3):1357-72.
2014-04-25
AZ
maximal timestep
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990466
Key parameter of the 'maximal timestep method' [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000468]. If Gillespie [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000027] waiting time is longer than maximal timestep, slow reaction is not fired and tau-leap [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000039] step is executed for fast reactions. Otherwise, slow reaction is fired and tau-leap [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000039] is executed with shorter time step.
http://identifiers.org/pubmed/14990466
Puchalka J, Kierzek AM. Bridging the gap between stochastic and deterministic regimes in the kinetic simulations of the biochemical reaction networks. Biophys J. 2004 Mar;86(3):1357-72.
2015-04-23
AZ
true
optimization algorithm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimization#Optimization_algorithms
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0691102872
optimization method
An optimization algorithm tries to find the minumum or maximum of an arbitrary function. It takes a function of one or several variables and determines the values for the variables so that the function value is optimal.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0691102872
Brinkhuis J, Tikhomirov V. Optimization: Insights and Applications
Princeton Series in Applied Mathematics (illustrated), Princeton University Press, 2005.
2015-04-23
AZ
local optimization algorithm
local optimiation method
A local optimization algorithm is an optimisation algorithm [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000470] that only finds a local optimum of a function. If several optima exist for the function, it usually depends on the starting values for the variables which optimum is found.
2015-04-23
AZ
global optimization algorithm
global optimization method
A global optimization algorithm is an optimization algorithm [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000470] that tries to find the global optimum of a function. If a function has several minima/maxima with in the allowed range of variable values, the global minimum/maximum is the one with the smallest/largest function value.
2015-04-23
AZ
Bayesian inference algorithm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_inference
http://identifiers.org/isbn/111803144X
A bayesian inference algorithm calculates a posterior probability distribution from a prior probability distribution and some additional evidence in the form of a likelyhood function.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/111803144X
George E. P. Box, George C. Tiao. Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis, Volume 40 of Wiley Classics Library. John Wiley & Sons (reprint, revised), 2011.
2015-09-10
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
integration method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
the integration method used by the solver
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
Garny A and Hunter PJ (2015) OpenCOR: a modular and interoperable approach to computational biology. Front. Physiol. 6:26
2015-09-10
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
Requested in https://sourceforge.net/p/kisao/feature-requests/12/
iteration type
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
the type of iteration used by the solver
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
Garny A and Hunter PJ (2015) OpenCOR: a modular and interoperable approach to computational biology. Front. Physiol. 6:26
2015-09-10
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
Requested in https://sourceforge.net/p/kisao/feature-requests/12/
linear solver
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
the linear solver used by the solver during a Newton iteration
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
Garny A and Hunter PJ (2015) OpenCOR: a modular and interoperable approach to computational biology. Front. Physiol. 6:26
2015-09-10
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
Requested in https://sourceforge.net/p/kisao/feature-requests/12/
preconditioner
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
the preconditioner, if any, used by the solver when using a GMRES, BiCGStab or TFQMR linear solver during a Newton iteration.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
Garny A and Hunter PJ (2015) OpenCOR: a modular and interoperable approach to computational biology. Front. Physiol. 6:26
2015-09-10
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
Requested in https://sourceforge.net/p/kisao/feature-requests/12/
upper half-bandwidth
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
the upper half-bandwidth value used by the Banded linear solver or preconditioner (a value between 0 and n-1 with n the number of ODEs/DAEs in the model).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
Garny A and Hunter PJ (2015) OpenCOR: a modular and interoperable approach to computational biology. Front. Physiol. 6:26
2015-09-10
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
Requested in https://sourceforge.net/p/kisao/feature-requests/12/
lower half-bandwidth
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
the lower half-bandwidth value used by the Banded linear solver or preconditioner (a value between 0 and n-1 with n the number of ODEs/DAEs in the model).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
Garny A and Hunter PJ (2015) OpenCOR: a modular and interoperable approach to computational biology. Front. Physiol. 6:26
2015-09-10
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
Requested in https://sourceforge.net/p/kisao/feature-requests/12/
interpolate solution
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
whether the solver returns an interpolated solution.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/opencor
OpenCOR
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fphys.2015.00026
Garny A and Hunter PJ (2015) OpenCOR: a modular and interoperable approach to computational biology. Front. Physiol. 6:26
half-bandwith parameter
the parameter related to the half-bandwidth value used by the Banded linear solver or preconditioner.
2015-09-10
AZ
Requested in https://sourceforge.net/p/kisao/feature-requests/13/
step size
the size of every step of the algorithm
AZ
Roadrunner
maximum order
Maximum order of method. For example, in Roadrunner it can be used for two parameters that one can set for deterministic runs: 'maximum_bdf_order' and 'maximum_adams_order'.
AZ
minimum step size
A lower limit, in the units of the bound variable over which a numerical integration is being performed, that a numerical integration algorithm with variable step size should take.
AZ
maximum iterations
iteration limit
For algorithms that iterate to a solution (steady state finders in particular), a limit on the number of iterations that should be performed.
Roadrunner
The damping factor is a variable for at least some steady state algorithms: roadrunner allows you to set the minimum value for this.
minimum damping
seed
random seed
Random seed of a stochastic algorithm. Setting it allows one to reproduce their results while running the same algorithm on the same computer.
discrete event simulation algorithm
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0387333320
DES
Discrete Event Simulation algorithm refers to the simulation of systems whose (countable) discrete states change over time and are event-driven.
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0387333320
C.G. Cassandras & S. Lafortune "Introduction to Discrete Event Systems", Chapt 1 2nd Ed 2008. Springer
asynchronous updating policy
An updating policy where all enabled transitions (events) occur independently. Thus a state has as many successors as the number of transitions enabled in this state.
synchronous updating policy
An updating policy where all enabled transitions occur simultaneously. Thus a state will have at most one successor.
fully asynchronous updating policy
An updating policy where all enabled transitions occur either independently or (partially) simultaneously. (i.e. considering all possible combinations of enabled transitions). Thus a state has as many successors as the number of combinations of transitions enabled in this state.
random asynchronous updating policy
An updating policy where a single transition is picked randomly from the set of transitions enabled in this state. Thus a state will have at most one successor.
1
1
1
1
1
SUNDIALS
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
CVODES is a superset of CVODE [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000019] and hence all options available to CVODE (with the exception of the FCVODE interface module) are also available for CVODES. Both integration methods (Adams-Moulton [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000280] and BDF [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000288]) and the corresponding nonlinear iteration methods, as well as all linear solver and preconditioner modules, are available for the integration of the original ODEs, the sensitivity systems, or the adjoint system.
CVODES
http://computation.llnl.gov/projects/sundials/cvodes
CVODES is a solver for stiff and nonstiff ODE systems (initial value problem) given in explicit form y’ = f(t,y,p) with sensitivity analysis capabilities (both forward and adjoint modes).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
AMICI
2017-01-09
AZ
KLU
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1824801.1824814
"Clark Kent" LU factorization algorithm
KLU is a software package and an algorithm for solving sparse unsymmetric linear systems of equations that arise in circuit simulation applications. It relies on a permutation to Block Triangular Form (BTF), several methods for finding a fill-reducing ordering (variants of approximate minimum degree and nested dissection), and Gilbert/Peierls’ sparse left-looking LU factorization algorithm to factorize each block. The package is written in C and includes a MATLAB interface.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1824801.1824814
Davis, Timothy A., and Ekanathan Palamadai Natarajan. "Algorithm 907: KLU, a direct sparse solver for circuit simulation problems." ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) 37.3 (2010): 36.
2017-07-18
AZ
Requested in https://sourceforge.net/p/kisao/feature-requests/31/
number of runs
The number of runs that a simulation should perform. Typically used to specify the number of runs for a stochastic simulation.
2017-09-12
AZ
true
Ticket 32
dynamic flux balance analysis
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/s12859-014-0409-8
DFBA
Dynamic flux balance analysis (DFBA) enables the simulation of dynamic biological systems by assuming organisms reach steady state rapidly in response to changes in the extracellular environment. DFBA couples flux balance analysis (FBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000437] model approaches with dynamic model approaches.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/s12859-014-0409-8
DFBAlab: a fast and reliable MATLAB code for dynamic flux balance analysis.
Gomez JA, Höffner K, Barton PI. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014 Dec 18;15:409.
2017-09-12
AZ
DFBAlab
Ticket 32
SOA-DFBA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/s12859-014-0409-8
SOA
static optimization approach dynamic flux balance analysis
Dynamic Flux Balance Analysis (DFBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000499] couples flux balance analysis (FBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000437] model approaches with dynamic model approaches. The static optimization approach (SOA) uses the Euler forward method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000030], solving the embedded LPs at each time step. The FBA fluxes are assumed to be constant during the time step.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/s12859-014-0409-8
DFBAlab: a fast and reliable MATLAB code for dynamic flux balance analysis.
Gomez JA, Höffner K, Barton PI. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014 Dec 18;15:409.
2017-09-12
AZ
DFBAlab
Ticket 32
DOA-DFBA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/s12859-014-0409-8
DOA
dynamic optimization approach dynamic flux balance analysis
Dynamic Flux Balance Analysis (DFBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000499] couples flux balance analysis (FBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000437] model approaches with dynamic model approaches. The dynamic optimization approach (DOA) discretizes the time horizon and optimizes simultaneously over the entire time period of interest by solving a nonlinear programming problem (NLP).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/s12859-014-0409-8
DFBAlab: a fast and reliable MATLAB code for dynamic flux balance analysis.
Gomez JA, Höffner K, Barton PI. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014 Dec 18;15:409.
2017-09-12
AZ
DFBAlab
Ticket 32
DA-DFBA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/s12859-014-0409-8
DA
direct approach dynamics flux balance analysis
Dynamic Flux Balance Analysis (DFBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000499] couples flux balance analysis (FBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000437] model approaches with dynamic model approaches. The direct approach (DA) includes the LP solver in the right-hand side evaluator for the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and takes advantage of reliable implicit ODE integrators with adaptive step size for error control.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/s12859-014-0409-8
DFBAlab: a fast and reliable MATLAB code for dynamic flux balance analysis.
Gomez JA, Höffner K, Barton PI. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014 Dec 18;15:409.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
simulated annealing
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1126/science.220.4598.671
Simulated annealing is an optimization algorithm first proposed by Kirkpatrick et al. and was inspired by statistical mechanics and the way in which perfect crystals are formed. Perfect crystals are formed by first melting the substance of interest, and then cooling it very slowly. At large temperatures the particles vibrate with wide amplitude and this allows a search for global optimum. As the temperature decreases so do the vibrations until the system settles to the global optimum (the perfect crystal).
The simulated annealing optimization algorithm uses a similar concept: the objective function is considered a measure of the energy of the system and this is maintained constant for a certain number of iterations (a temperature cycle). In each iteration, the parameters are changed to a nearby location in parameter space and the new objective function value calculated; if it decreased, then the new state is accepted, if it increased then the new state is accepted with a probability that follows a Boltzmann distribution (higher temperature means higher probability of accepting the new state). After a fixed number of iterations, the stopping criterion is checked; if it is not time to stop, then the system's temperature is reduced and the algorithm continues.
Simulated annealing is a stochastic algorithm that is guaranteed to converge if ran for an infinite number of iterations. It is one of the most robust global optimization algorithms, although it is also one of the slowest. (Be warned that simulated annealing can run for hours or even days!).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1126/science.220.4598.671
S. Kirkpatrick, J., C.D. Gelatt, and M. P. Vecchi. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science. 220. 671 - 680. 1983.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
random search
Random search is an optimization method that attempts to find the optimum by testing the objective function's value on a series of combinations of random values of the adjustable parameters. The random values are generated complying with any boundaries selected by the user, furthermore, any combinations of parameter values that do not fulfill constraints on the variables are excluded. This means that the method is capable of handling bounds on the adjustable parameters and fulfilling constraints.
For infinite number of iterations this method is guaranteed to find the global optimum of the objective function. In general one is interested in processing a very large number of iterations.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
particle swarm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968
The particle swarm optimization method suggested by Kennedy and Eberhart is inspired by a flock of birds or a school of fish searching for food. Each particle has a position Xi and a velocity Vi in the parameter space. Additionally, it remembers its best achieved objective value O and position Mi. Dependent on its own information and the position of its best neighbor (a random subset of particles of the swarm) a new velocity is calculated. With this information the position is updated.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968
J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart. Particle Swarm Optimization. Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, Australia. 1942 - 1948. 1995.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
genetic algorithm
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9780750308953
GA
The genetic algorithm (GA) is a computational technique that mimics evolution and is based on reproduction and selection. A GA is composed of individuals that reproduce and compete, each one is a potential solution to the (optimization) problem and is represented by a "genome" where each gene corresponds to one adjustable parameter. At each generation of the GA, each individual is paired with one other at random for reproduction. Two offspring are produced by combining their genomes and allowing for "cross-over", i.e., the two new individuals have genomes that are formed from a combination of the genomes of their parents. Also each new gene might have mutated, i.e. the parameter value might have changed slightly. At the end of the generation, the algorithm has double the number of individuals. Then each of the individuals is confronted with a number of others to count how many does it outperform (the number of wins is the number of these competitors that represent worse solutions than itself). All the individuals are ranked by their number of wins, and the population is again reduced to the original number of individuals by eliminating those which have worse fitness (solutions).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9780750308953
T. Bäck, D.B. Fogel, and Z. Michalewicz. Handbook of evolutionary computation. Oxford: IOP Publishing/Oxford University Press. 1997.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
genetic algorithm SR
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/4235.873238
genetic algorithm with stochastic ranking
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/4235.873238
T. Runarsson and X. Yao. Stochastic ranking for constrained evolutionary optimization. EEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 4. 284 - 294. 2000.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
evolutionary programming
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9780750308953
EP
Evolutionary programming (EP) is a computational technique that mimics evolution and is based on reproduction and selection. An EP algorithm is composed of individuals that reproduce and compete, each one is a potential solution to the (optimization) problem and is represented by a "genome" where each gene corresponds to one adjustable parameter. At each generation of the EP, each individual reproduces asexually, i.e. divides into two individuals. One of these contains exactly the same "genome" as the parent while the other suffers some mutations (the parameter values of each gene change slightly). At the end of the generation, the algorithm has double the number of individuals. Then each of the individuals is confronted with a number of others to count how many does it outperform (the number of wins is the number of these competitors that represent worse solutions than itself). All the individuals are ranked by their number of wins, and the population is again reduced to the original number of individuals by eliminating those which have worse fitness (solutions).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/isbn/9780750308953
T. Bäck, D.B. Fogel, and Z. Michalewicz. Handbook of evolutionary computation. Oxford: IOP Publishing/Oxford University Press. 1997.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
evolutionary strategy
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/4235.873238
SRES
evolutionary strategies with stochastic ranking
Evolutionary Strategies with Stochastic Ranking (SRES) is similar to Evolutionary Programming. However, a parent has multiple offsprings during each generation. Each offspring will contain a recombination of genes with another parent and additional mutations. The algorithm assures that each parameter value will be within its boundaries. But constraints to the solutions may be violated.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/4235.873238
T. Runarsson and X. Yao. Stochastic ranking for constrained evolutionary optimization. EEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 4. 284 - 294. 2000.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
truncated Newton
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0122839528
The Truncated Newton method is a sophisticated variant of the Newton optimization method. The Newton optimization method searches for the minimum of a nonlinear function by following descent directions determined from the function's first and second partial derivatives. The Truncated Newton method does an incomplete (truncated) solution of a system of linear equations to calculate the Newton direction. This means that the actual direction chosen for the descent is between the steepest descent direction and the true Newton direction.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0122839528
P.E. Gill, W. Murray, and M.H. Wright. Practical Optimization. London, Academic Press. 1981.
2019-01-18
AZ
steepest descent
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/ACSSC.1991.186507
Steepest descent is an optimization method that follows the direction of steepest descent on the hyper-surface of the objective function to find a local minimum. The direction of steepest descent is defined by the negative of the gradient of the objective function.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/ACSSC.1991.186507
D.B. Fogel, L.J. Fogel, and J.W. Atmar. Meta-evolutionary programming. 25th Asiloma Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. IEEE Computer Society, Asilomar . 540 - 545. 1992.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
praxis
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0486419983
Praxis is a direct search method that searches for the minimum of a nonlinear function without requiring (or attempting to calculate) derivatives of that function. Praxis was developed by Brent after the method proposed by Powell. The inspiration for Praxis was the well-known method of minimising each adjustable parameter (direction) at a time - the principal axes method. In Praxis directions are chosen that do not coincide with the principal axes, in fact if the objective function is quadratic then these will be conjugate directions, assuring a fast convergence rate.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/isbn/0486419983
P.R. Brent. A new algorithm for minimizing a function of several variables without calculating derivatives. In Algorithms for minimization without derivatives, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.). 117 - 167. 1973.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
NL2SOL
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/355958.355966
adaptive nonlinear least-squares algorithm
The NL2SOL method is based on an adaptive nonlinear least-squares algorithm, devised by Dennis and colleagues. For problems with large number of residuals, this algorithm is known to be more reliable than Gauss-Newton or Levenberg-Marquardt method and more efficient than the secant or variable metric algorithms that are intended for general function minimization.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/355958.355966
J. E. Dennis, D. M. Gay, and R. E. Welsch. An adaptive nonlinear least-squares algorithm. ACM Trans. Math. Softw.. 7(3). 348 - 368. 1981.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
Nelder-Mead
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308
simplex method
This method also known as the simplex method is due to Nelder and Mead. A simplex is a polytope of N+1 vertices in N dimensions. The objective function is evaluated at each vertex. Dependent on these calculated values a new simplex is constructed. The simplest step is to replace the worst point with a point reflected through the centroid of the remaining N points. If this point is better than the best current point, then we can try stretching exponentially out along this line. On the other hand, if this new point isn't much better than the previous value then we are stepping across a valley, so we shrink the simplex towards the best point.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308
J. A. Nelder and R. Mead. A simplex method for function minimization. Computer Journal. 7. 308 - 313. 1965.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
Levenberg-Marquardt
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1090/qam/10666
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0111030
Levenberg-Marquardt is a gradient descent method. It is a hybrid between the steepest descent and the Newton methods.
Levenberg first suggested an improvement to the Newton method in order to make it more robust, i.e. to overcome the problem of non-convergence. His suggestion was to add a factor to the diagonal elements of the Hessian matrix of second derivatives when not close to the minimum (this can be judged by how positive definite the matrix is). The effect when this factor is large compared to the elements of Hessian is that the method then becomes the steepest descent method. Later Marquardt suggested that the factor should be multiplicative rather than additive and also defined a heuristic to make this factor increase or decrease. The method known as Levenberg-Marquardt is thus an adaptive method that effectively changes between the steepest descent to the Newton method.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1090/qam/10666
K. Levenberg. A method for the solution of certain nonlinear problems in least squares. Quart. Appl. Math.. 2. 164 - 168. 1944.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0111030
D.W. Marquardt. An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. SIAM Journal. 11. 431 - 441. 1963.
2019-01-18
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
Hooke&Jeeves
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/321062.321069
Hooke and Jeeves method
Hooke-Jeeves method
method of Hooke and Jeeves
The method of Hooke and Jeeves is a direct search algorithm that searches for the minimum of a nonlinear function without requiring (or attempting to calculate) derivatives of the function. Instead it is based on a heuristic that suggests a descent direction using the values of the function calculated in a number of previous iterations.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/321062.321069
R. Hooke and T. A. Jeeves. "Direct search" solution of numerical and statistical problems. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery. 8. 212 - 229. 1961.
1
2019-01-18
AZ
number of generations
The parameter is a positive integer value to determine the number of generations the evolutionary algorithm shall evolve the population.
2019-01-18
AZ
evolutionary algorithm parameter
2019-01-18
AZ
population size
The parameter is a positive integer value to determine the size of the population, i.e., the number of individuals that survive after each generation.
2019-01-18
AZ
true
evolutionary algorithm
An optimisation algorithm that mimics evolution and is based on reproduction and selection.
2019-01-18
AZ
true
simulated annealing parameter
2019-01-18
AZ
start temperature
Initial temperature of the system. The higher the temperature, the larger the probability that a global optimum is found. Note that the temperature should be very high in the beginning of the method (the system should be above the "melting" temperature). This value has the same units as the objective function, so what represents "high" is different from problem to problem.
2019-01-18
AZ
cooling factor
Rate by which the temperature is reduced from one cycle to the next, given by the formula: Tnew=Told*"Cooling Factor". The simulated annealing algorithm works best if the temperature is reduced at a slow rate, so this value should be close to 1.
2020-05-29
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
partitioned leaping method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2354085
Multiscale simulation approach for modeling stochasticity in chemical reaction networks. The approach seamlessly integrates exact-stochastic and "leaping" methodologies into a single partitioned leaping algorithmic framework. The technique correctly accounts for stochastic noise at significantly reduced computational cost, requires the definition of only three modelindependent parameters and is particularly well-suited for simulating systems containing widely disparate species populations.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
BioNetGen
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2354085
Harris LA, Clancy P. A "partitioned leaping" approach for multiscale modeling of chemical reaction dynamics. J Chem Phys. 125 (14), 144107 (2006).
2020-05-29
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
stop condition
A condition upon which a simulation should terminate.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
BioNetGen
2020-08-11
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
flux variability analysis
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.ymben.2003.09.002
FVA
Method for determining the minimum and maximum flux of each reaction that satisfies the flux constraints of the flux balance analysis (FBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000437] model.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
COBRApy
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.ymben.2003.09.002
Mahadevan R, Schilling CH. The effects of alternate optimal solutions in constraint-based genome-scale metabolic models. Metab Eng. 2003;5(4):264-276.
2020-08-11
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
geometric flux balance analysis
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.01.027
gFBA
geometric FBA
Method for determining the central flux distribution among all flux distributions that satisfy the constraints of the flux balance analysis (FBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000437] model.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
COBRApy
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.01.027
Smallbone K, Simeonidis E. Flux balance analysis: a geometric perspective. J Theor Biol. 2009;258(2):311-315.
2020-08-11
AZ
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cbmpy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
parsimonious enzyme usage flux balance analysis (minimum sum of absolute fluxes)
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/msb.2010.47
pFBA
parsimonious FBA
parsimonious flux balance analysis
Method for determining the smallest flux distribution among all flux distributions that satisfy the constraints of the flux balance analysis (FBA) [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000437] model.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cbmpy
CBMPy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
COBRApy
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/msb.2010.47
Lewis NE, Hixson KK, Conrad TM, et al. Omic data from evolved E. coli are consistent with computed optimal growth from genome-scale models. Mol Syst Biol. 2010;6:390.
parallelism
Number of parallel processes to use.
fraction of optimum
Fraction of the optimum solution which must be maintained.
loopless
Whether to return only loopless flux solutions.
pFBA factor
Maximum permissible sum of absolute fluxes.
reactions
FVA algorithm [http://www.biomodels.net/kisao/KISAO#KISAO_0000526] parameter: reactions to compute the variablity of.
1
1
2020-10-29
JRK
Odespy
SciPy
deSolve
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
VODE
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0910062
DVODE
Real-valued Variable-coefficient Ordinary Differential Equation solver, with fixed-leading-coefficient implementation
real-valued variable-coefficient ordinary differential equation solver, with fixed-leading-coefficient implementation
VODE provides implicit Adams method (for non-stiff problems) and a method based on backward differentiation formulas (BDF) (for stiff problems).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0910062
Peter N. Brown, George D. Byrne & Alan C. Hindmarsh. VODE: A Variable-Coefficient ODE Solver. SIAM J. Sci. and Stat. Comput., 10(5), 1038–1051 (1988).
DVODE
RELATED
Real-valued Variable-coefficient Ordinary Differential Equation solver, with fixed-leading-coefficient implementation
EXACT
1
1
2020-10-29
JRK
Odespy
SciPy
deSolve
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
ZVODE
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0910062
Complex-valued Variable-coefficient Ordinary Differential Equation solver, with fixed-leading-coefficient implementation
complex-valued variable-coefficient ordinary differential equation solver, with fixed-leading-coefficient implementation
ZVODE provides implicit Adams method (for non-stiff problems) and a method based on backward differentiation formulas (BDF) (for stiff problems).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0910062
Peter N. Brown, George D. Byrne & Alan C. Hindmarsh. VODE: A Variable-Coefficient ODE Solver. SIAM J. Sci. and Stat. Comput., 10(5), 1038–1051 (1988).
Complex-valued Variable-coefficient Ordinary Differential Equation solver, with fixed-leading-coefficient implementation
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
MATLAB
Octave
Odespy
SciPy
deSolve
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
explicit Runge-Kutta method of order 3(2)
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0893-9659(89)90079-7
RK23
RK23 uses the Bogacki-Shampine pair of formulas [1]. The error is controlled assuming accuracy of the second-order method, but steps are taken using the third-order accurate formula (local extrapolation is done). A cubic Hermite polynomial is used for the dense output.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/0893-9659(89)90079-7
P. Bogacki & L. F. Shampine. A 3(2) pair of Runge - Kutta formulas. Applied Mathematics Letters 2(4), 321-325 (1989).
RK23
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
JModelica
Odespy
SciPy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
safety factor on new step selection
safe
safety
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
safe
EXACT
safety
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
JModelica
Odespy
SciPy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
minimum factor to change step size by
dfactor
fac1
Minimum factor to increase/decrease step size by in one step. The new step-size is chosen subject to the restriction fac1 <= current step-size / old step-size <= fac2.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
dfactor
EXACT
fac1
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
JModelica
Odespy
SciPy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
maximum factor to change step size by
fac2
ifactor
Maximum factor to increase/decrease step size by in one step. The new step-size is chosen subject to the restriction fac1 <= current step-size / old step-size <= fac2.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
fac2
EXACT
ifactor
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
JModelica
Odespy
SciPy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
beta parameter for stabilized step size control
beta
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
beta
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
SciPy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
correction step should use internally generated full Jacobian
MF=22
with Jacobian
Specifies whether the iteration method of the ODE solver’s correction step is chord iteration with an internally generated full Jacobian or functional iteration with no Jacobian. Option is only considered when the user has not supplied a Jacobian function and has not indicated (by setting either upper or lower band) that the Jacobian is banded.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
MF=22
EXACT
with Jacobian
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
SUNDIALS
stability limit detection flag
Flag to activate stability limit detection.
1
2020-10-29
JRK
SUNDIALS
IDAS
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
implicit differential-algebraic solver with sensitivity analysis
IDAS solves real differential-algebraic systems in N-space, in the general form F(t,y,y')=0, y(t0)=y0, y'(t0)=y'0 with sensitivity analysis.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/1089014.1089020
SUNDIALS: Suite of nonlinear and differential/algebraic equation solvers. Alan C. Hindmarsh, Peter N. Brown, Keith E. Grant, Steven L. Lee, Radu Serban, Dana E. Shumaker & Carol S. Woodward. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 31(3), 363-396 (2005).
implicit differential-algebraic solver with sensitivity analysis
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
SUNDIALS
include sensitivity variables in error control mechanism
errconS
Specifies whether sensitivity variables are included or not in the error control mechanism.
errconS
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
convex optimization algorithm
Optimization of a convex function over a convex set. Convex optimization is subclass of global optimization because conveness gaurantees that each local optimum is a global optimum.
2020-10-29
JRK
CPLEX
CVXOPT
ConvOpt
GLPK
Gurobi
MATLAB
Mosek
OptLang
SciPy
SoPlex
XPRESS
linear programming
LP
Method to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a mathematical model whose requirements are represented by linear relationships.
LP
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
CPLEX
CVXOPT
ConvOpt
Gurobi
MATLAB
Mosek
OptLang
XPRESS
quadratic programming
QP
Process of solving a quadratic optimization problem.
QP
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
non-linear programming
Process of solving an optimization problem where some of the constraints or the objective function are nonlinear.
2020-10-29
JRK
CPLEX
GLPK
Gurobi
simplex method
https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.pjm/1103044531
Dantzig's simplex algorithm
Approach to solving linear programming models by hand using slack variables, tableaus, and pivot variables as a means to finding the optimal solution of an optimization problem.
Dantzig's simplex algorithm
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
CPLEX
GLPK
Gurobi
primal-dual interior point method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0802028
The Interior Point method approximates the constraints of a linear programming model as a set of boundaries surrounding a region.
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/0802028
Sanjay Mehrotra. On the Implementation of a Primal-Dual Interior Point Method. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 2(4), 575–601(1991).
2020-10-29
JRK
CPLEX
GLPK
Gurobi
optimization method
Optimization method such as the revised simplex method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000550] or primal-dual interior point method [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000551].
2020-10-29
JRK
ConvOpt
OptLang
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cbmpy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/raven
optimization solver
Optimization solver such as CPLEX, GLPK, or Gurobi.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cbmpy
CBMPy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
COBRApy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/raven
RAVEN
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cbmpy
parsimonius flux balance analysis (minimum number of active fluxes)
pFBA
parsimonious FBA
parsimonious flux balance analysis
A technique for selecting a parsimonious flux distribution which has a minimal number of active fluxes.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cbmpy
CBMPy
2020-10-29
JRK
SUNDIALS
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
absolute quadrature tolerance
Absolute error tolerance of the adjoint solution.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
AMICI
2020-10-29
JRK
SUNDIALS
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
relative quadrature tolerance
Relative error tolerance of the adjoint solution.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
AMICI
2020-10-29
JRK
SUNDIALS
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
absolute steady-state tolerance
Absolute error tolerance of the steady-state.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
AMICI
2020-10-29
JRK
SUNDIALS
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
relative steady-state tolerance
Relative error tolerance of the steady-state.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/amici
AMICI
2020-10-29
JRK
SUNDIALS
SciPy
libRoadRunner
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
initial step size
Initial time step size.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
LSODA/LSODAR hybrid method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_2
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1200
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.5555/1218112.1218421
Automatically use LSODA or LSODAR as apropriate for the given problem. Use LSODA if the problem has no roots. Use LSODAR if the problem has roots.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_2
Pedro Mendes, Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Joseph Dada & Ursula Kummer. Computational modeling of biochemical networks using COPASI. Methods in Molecular Biology 500, 17–59 (2009).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1200
Frank T. Bergmann, Stefan Hoops, Brian Klahn, Ursula Kummer, Pedro Mendes Jürgen Pahle & Sven Sahle. COPASI and its applications in biotechnology. Journal of Biotechnology 261, 215–220 (2017).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Christine Lee, Jürgen Pahle, Natalia Simus, Mudita Singhal, Liang Xu, Pedro Mendes & Ursula Kummer. COPASI—a complex pathway simulator. Bioinformatics 22 (24), 3067–3074 (2006).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.5555/1218112.1218421
Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Jürgen Pahle, Natalia Simus, Ursula Kummer, Stefan Hoops, Christine Lee, Mudita Singhal, Liang Xu & Pedro Mendes. Simulation of biochemical networks using COPASI—a complex pathway simulator. Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, Monterey, CA, USA, 1698–1706 (2006).
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
Pahle hybrid Gibson-Bruck Next Reaction method/Runge-Kutta method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_2
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1200
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.5555/1218112.1218421
Combines a deterministic numerical integration of ODEs with a stochastic simulation algorithm. The whole biochemical network is partitioned into a deterministic and a stochastic subnet internally. The deterministic subnet contains all reactions in which only species with high particle numbers take part. All reactions with at least one low-numbered species are in the stochastic subnet. The partitioning of the biochemical network can change dynamically during the simulation. The reaction probabilities of the stochastic subnet are approximated as constant during one stochastic step. A 4th-order Runge-Kutta method is used to numerically integrate the deterministic part of the system. The stochastic subnet is simulated by the Gibson-Bruck Next Reaction Method.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_2
Pedro Mendes, Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Joseph Dada & Ursula Kummer. Computational modeling of biochemical networks using COPASI. Methods in Molecular Biology 500, 17–59 (2009).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1200
Frank T. Bergmann, Stefan Hoops, Brian Klahn, Ursula Kummer, Pedro Mendes Jürgen Pahle & Sven Sahle. COPASI and its applications in biotechnology. Journal of Biotechnology 261, 215–220 (2017).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Christine Lee, Jürgen Pahle, Natalia Simus, Mudita Singhal, Liang Xu, Pedro Mendes & Ursula Kummer. COPASI—a complex pathway simulator. Bioinformatics 22 (24), 3067–3074 (2006).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.5555/1218112.1218421
Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Jürgen Pahle, Natalia Simus, Ursula Kummer, Stefan Hoops, Christine Lee, Mudita Singhal, Liang Xu & Pedro Mendes. Simulation of biochemical networks using COPASI—a complex pathway simulator. Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, Monterey, CA, USA, 1698–1706 (2006).
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
Pahle hybrid Gibson-Bruck Next Reaction method/LSODA method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_2
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1200
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.5555/1218112.1218421
Combines a deterministic numerical integration of ODEs with a stochastic simulation algorithm. The whole biochemical network is partitioned into a deterministic and a stochastic subnet internally. The deterministic subnet contains all reactions in which only species with high particle numbers take part. All reactions with at least one low-numbered species are in the stochastic subnet. The partitioning of the biochemical network can change dynamically during the simulation. The reaction probabilities of the stochastic subnet are approximated as constant during one stochastic step. The deterministic subnet is integrated with LSODA. The stochastic subnet is simulated by the Gibson-Bruck Next Reaction Method.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_2
Pedro Mendes, Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Joseph Dada & Ursula Kummer. Computational modeling of biochemical networks using COPASI. Methods in Molecular Biology 500, 17–59 (2009).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1200
Frank T. Bergmann, Stefan Hoops, Brian Klahn, Ursula Kummer, Pedro Mendes Jürgen Pahle & Sven Sahle. COPASI and its applications in biotechnology. Journal of Biotechnology 261, 215–220 (2017).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Christine Lee, Jürgen Pahle, Natalia Simus, Mudita Singhal, Liang Xu, Pedro Mendes & Ursula Kummer. COPASI—a complex pathway simulator. Bioinformatics 22 (24), 3067–3074 (2006).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.5555/1218112.1218421
Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Jürgen Pahle, Natalia Simus, Ursula Kummer, Stefan Hoops, Christine Lee, Mudita Singhal, Liang Xu & Pedro Mendes. Simulation of biochemical networks using COPASI—a complex pathway simulator. Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, Monterey, CA, USA, 1698–1706 (2006).
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
Pahle hybrid Gibson-Bruck Next Reaction method/RK-45 method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_2
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1200
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.5555/1218112.1218421
Combines a deterministic numerical integration of ODEs with a stochastic simulation algorithm. The whole biochemical network is partitioned into a deterministic and a stochastic subnet internally. The deterministic subnet contains all reactions in which only species with high particle numbers take part. All reactions with at least one low-numbered species are in the stochastic subnet. The partitioning of the biochemical network can change dynamically during the simulation. The reaction probabilities of the stochastic subnet are approximated as constant during one stochastic step. The deterministic subnet is integrated with RK-45. The stochastic subnet is simulated by the Gibson-Bruck Next Reaction Method.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_2
Pedro Mendes, Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Joseph Dada & Ursula Kummer. Computational modeling of biochemical networks using COPASI. Methods in Molecular Biology 500, 17–59 (2009).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.1200
Frank T. Bergmann, Stefan Hoops, Brian Klahn, Ursula Kummer, Pedro Mendes Jürgen Pahle & Sven Sahle. COPASI and its applications in biotechnology. Journal of Biotechnology 261, 215–220 (2017).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl485
Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Christine Lee, Jürgen Pahle, Natalia Simus, Mudita Singhal, Liang Xu, Pedro Mendes & Ursula Kummer. COPASI—a complex pathway simulator. Bioinformatics 22 (24), 3067–3074 (2006).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.5555/1218112.1218421
Sven Sahle, Ralph Gauges, Jürgen Pahle, Natalia Simus, Ursula Kummer, Stefan Hoops, Christine Lee, Mudita Singhal, Liang Xu & Pedro Mendes. Simulation of biochemical networks using COPASI—a complex pathway simulator. Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, Monterey, CA, USA, 1698–1706 (2006).
2020-10-29
JRK
stochastic Runge-Kutta method
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runge%E2%80%93Kutta_method_(SDE)
Technique for the approximate numerical solution of a systems of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The method is a generalisation of the Runge-Kutta method for ordinary differential equations to stochastic differential equations.
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
absolute tolerance for root finding
Absolute error tolerance for root finding.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
1
1
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
stochastic second order Runge-Kutta method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/060673308
RI5
Technique for the second order approximate numerical solution of a systems of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The method is a generalisation of the Runge-Kutta method for ordinary differential equations to stochastic differential equations.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1137/060673308
Andreas Rößler. Second order Runge-Kutta methods for Itô stochastic differential equations. SIAM Journal Numerical Analysis 47 (3), 1713–1738 (2009).
RI5
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
force physical correctness
Indicates whether to force physical correctness.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/copasi
COPASI
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
NLEQ1
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.3751
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-23899-4
Newton-type method for solveing non-linear (NL) equations (EQ)
numerical solution of nonlinear (NL) equations (EQ) especially designed for numerically sensitive problems
Damped Newton-algorithm with rank strategy for systems of highly nonlinear equations.
Global Newton method with error oriented convergence criterion; arbitrary selection of direct linear equation solver.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.3751
Ulrich Nowak & Lutz Weimann. A family of Newton codes for systems of highly nonlinear equations - algorithm, implementation, application. Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin 91-10 (1991).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-23899-4
Peter Deuflhard. Newton methods for nonlinear problems. Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms (2004).
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
NLEQ2
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.3751
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-23899-4
Newton-type method for solveing non-linear (NL) equations (EQ)
numerical solution of nonlinear (NL) equations (EQ) especially designed for numerically sensitive problems
Damped Newton-algorithm with rank strategy for systems of highly nonlinear equations.
Global Newton method with error oriented convergence criterion; QR-decomposition with subcondition number estimate.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.3751
Ulrich Nowak & Lutz Weimann. A family of Newton codes for systems of highly nonlinear equations - algorithm, implementation, application. Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin 91-10 (1991).
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-642-23899-4
Peter Deuflhard. Newton methods for nonlinear problems. Affine Invariance and Adaptive Algorithms (2004).
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/pysces
auto reduce tolerances
Whether to automatically reduce tolerances.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/pysces
PySCeS
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/pysces
absolute tolerance adjustment factor
How much to adjust the absolute tolerance.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/pysces
PySCeS
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/boolnet
level of superimposed noise
noise level
Standard deviation of the Gaussian noise which is added to each prediction.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/boolnet
BoolNet
noise level
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/boolnet
probabilistic logical model simulation method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq124
Qualitative (logical) models specify the evolution rules of their components. Probabilistic networks allow for specifying more than one transition function per variable/gene. Each of these functions has a probability to be chosen, where the probabilities of all functions for one variable sum up to 1. Transitions are performed synchronously by choosing one transition function for each gene according to their probabilities and applying them to the current state.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/boolnet
BoolNet
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/boolnet
species transition probabilities
Probability of each species to be chosen for the next state transition.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/boolnet
BoolNet
2020-11-06
BD
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
hybrid tau-leaping method
https://github.com/StochSS/GillesPy2
A continuously coupled hybrid deterministic/stochastic simulation algorithm for biochemical networks. Biochemical species are classified as continuous, discrete, or switch. Tau-leaping is used to simulate stochastic species, and LSODA or another ODE integration method is used to simulate continuous species. Switch species are dynamically classified as either continuous or discrete at each timestep depending on a user defined error tolerance.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/gillespy2
GillesPy2
https://github.com/StochSS/GillesPy2
Drawert B et al. GillesPy2
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/optflux
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/raven
quadratic MOMA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.232349399
MOMA
Quadratic Minimization of Metabolic Adjustment
minimization of metabolic adjustment
quadratic minimization of metabolic adjustment
Minimization of metabolic adjustment (MOMA) is an extension of FBA for the prediction of flux distributions in gene knockouts. MOMA employs quadratic programming to identify the closest point (in terms of its Euclidean distance) in the permissible flux space of the knockout to the wild-type flux vector by solving the optimization problem
Min sum((fluxAi - fluxBi)^2) + sum(fluxAi)^(fluxMinimizationWeight) + sum(fluxBi)^(fluxMinimizationWeight)
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
COBRA Toolbox
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/optflux
Optflux
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/raven
RAVEN
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.232349399
Segre, D., Vitkup, D., & Church, G. M. (2002). Analysis of optimality in natural and perturbed metabolic networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(23), 15112-15117.
Quadratic Minimization of Metabolic Adjustment
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
flux minimization weight
The degree to which minimization of the sum of fluxes should be taken into account in Minimization of Metabolic Adjustment (MOMA) which solvers the optimization problem
Min sum((fluxAi - fluxBi)^2) + sum(fluxAi)^(fluxMinimizationWeight) + sum(fluxBi)^(fluxMinimizationWeight)
2020-10-29
JRK
nested algorithm
nested method
subalgorithm
A nested algorithm of an algorithm
nested method
EXACT
subalgorithm
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/optflux
linear MOMA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/ng.846
Linear Minimization of Metabolic Adjustment
linear minimization of metabolic adjustment
Linear minimization of metabolic adjustment (MOMA) is an extension of FBA for the prediction of flux distributions in gene knockouts. Linear MOMA employs linear programming to identify the closest point (in terms of its L1 norm) in the permissible flux space of the knockout to the wild-type flux vector by solving the optimization problem
Min sum(|fluxAi - fluxBi|)
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
COBRA Toolbox
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/optflux
Optflux
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/ng.846
Szappanos, B., Kovács, K., Szamecz, B., Honti, F., Costanzo, M., Baryshnikova, A., ... & Andrews, B. J. (2011). An integrated approach to characterize genetic interaction networks in yeast metabolism. Nature genetics, 43(7), 656-662.
Linear Minimization of Metabolic Adjustment
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/optflux
ROOM
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0406346102
Regulatory on/off minimization of metabolic flux changes
regulatory on/off minimization of metabolic flux changes
Constraint-based algorithm for predicting the metabolic steady state after gene knockouts which aims to minimize the number of significant flux changes (hence on/off) with respect to the wild type.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
COBRA Toolbox
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/optflux
Optflux
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0406346102
Shlomi, T., Berkman, O., & Ruppin, E. (2005). Regulatory on/off minimization of metabolic flux changes after genetic perturbations. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 102(21), 7695-7700.
Regulatory on/off minimization of metabolic flux changes
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/maboss
BKMC
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-6-116
Boolean Kinetic Monte-Carlo
Boolean kinetic Monte-Carlo
The Boolean kinetic Monte Carlo method (BKMC) is a natural generalization of the asynchronous Boolean simulation method, with a direct probabilistic interpretation. In the BKMC framework, the dynamics is parameterized by a biological time and the order of update is noisy, which is less strict than priority classes introduced in GINsin. A BKMC model is specified by logical rules as in regular Boolean models but with a more precise information: a numerical rate is added for each transition of each node.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/maboss
MaBoSS
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1752-0509-6-116
Stoll, G., Viara, E., Barillot, E., & Calzone, L. (2012). Continuous time Boolean modeling for biological signaling: application of Gillespie algorithm. BMC systems biology, 6(1), 1-18.
Boolean Kinetic Monte-Carlo
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
Spatiocyte method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/npre.2009.3845.1
Lattice-based stochastic particle simulation method for biochemical reaction and diffusion processes.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ecell4
E-Cell 4
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/npre.2009.3845.1
Arjunan, S., & Tomita, M. (2009). A new multicompartmental reaction-diffusion modeling method links transient membrane attachment of E. coli MinE to E-ring formation. Nature Precedings, 1-1.
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
minimum order
Minimum order of method.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
initial order
Initial order of method.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
TOMS731
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/178365.178391
Moving-grid interface for systems of one-dimensional time-dependent partial differential equations.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/jsim
JSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1145/178365.178391
Blom, J. G., & Zegeling, P. A. (1994). Algorithm 731: a moving-grid interface for systems of one-dimensional time-dependent partial differential equations. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS), 20(2), 194-214.
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/sbscl
Gibson-Bruck next reaction algorithm with indexed priority queue
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/sbscl
SBSCL
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/biouml
IMEX
Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta method
implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta method
Method for solving stiff and imaginary ODE problems
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/biouml
BioUML
Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta method
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
true
flux sampling
Method for sampling fluxes from the null space of a flux balance analysis model
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
ACB flux sampling method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/s41596-018-0098-2
Artificial centering boundary flux sampling method
artificial centering boundary flux sampling method
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
COBRA Toolbox
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/s41596-018-0098-2
Heirendt, L., Arreckx, S., Pfau, T., Mendoza, S. N., Richelle, A., Heinken, A., ... & Magnusdóttir, S. (2019). Creation and analysis of biochemical constraint-based models using the COBRA Toolbox v. 3.0. Nature protocols, 14(3), 639-702.
Artificial centering boundary flux sampling method
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
ACHR flux sampling method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1287/opre.46.1.84
artificial centering hit-and-run flux sampling method
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobrapy
COBRApy
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
COBRA Toolbox
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1287/opre.46.1.84
Kaufman, D. E., & Smith, R. L. (1998). Direction choice for accelerated convergence in hit-and-run sampling. Operations Research, 46(1), 84-95.
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
mdFBA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/gb-2010-11-4-r43
metabolic dilution flux balance analysis
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
COBRA Toolbox
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/gb-2010-11-4-r43
Benyamini, T., Folger, O., Ruppin, E., & Shlomi, T. (2010). Flux balance analysis accounting for metabolite dilution. Genome biology, 11(4), R43.
2020-10-29
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
dynamic rFBA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1006/jtbi.2001.2405
dynamic regulatory flux balance analysis
rFBA
regulatory flux balance analysis
Method for predicting the dynamics of metabolic fluxes under patterns of the regulation of gene expression
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/cobratoolbox
COBRA Toolbox
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1006/jtbi.2001.2405
Covert, M. W., Schilling, C. H., & Palsson, B. (2001). Regulation of gene expression in flux balance models of metabolism. Journal of theoretical biology, 213(1), 73-88.
dynamic regulatory flux balance analysis
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
true
MOMA
Minimization of Metabolic Adjustment
minimization of metabolic adjustment
minimization of metabolic adjustment (MOMA) is an extension of FBA for the prediction of flux distributions in gene knockouts. MOMA identifies the closest point in the permissible flux space of the knockout to the wild-type flux vector by solving an optimization problem.
Minimization of Metabolic Adjustment
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
order
Order of method
2020-10-29
JRK
true
rFBA
regulatory flux balance analysis
Method for predicting metabolic fluxes under patterns of the regulation of gene expression
regulatory flux balance analysis
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
srFBA
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/msb4100141
SR-FBA
steady-state regulatory flux balance analysis
Method for predicting steady-state metabolic fluxes under patterns of the regulation of gene expression
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1038/msb4100141
Shlomi, T., Eisenberg, Y., Sharan, R., & Ruppin, E. (2007). A genome‐scale computational study of the interplay between transcriptional regulation and metabolism. Molecular systems biology, 3(1), 101.
SR-FBA
EXACT
2020-10-29
JRK
tolerance
Numeric value specifying the desired tolerance the user wants to achieve. A smaller value means that the prediction is calculated more accurately.
2021-01-13
JRK
MLB
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
hybrid Gibson - Milstein method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1471-2105-7-93
A hybrid stochastic method partitions the system into subsets of fast and slow reactions and approximates the fast reactions as a continuous Markov process, using a chemical Langevin equation, and accurately describes the slow dynamics using the Gibson algorithm. Fixed time step Milstein is used for approximate numerical solution of CLE.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1471-2105-7-93
H.Salis, V. Sotiropoulos and Y. Kaznessis,'Multiscale Hy3S: Hybrid stochastic simulation for supercomputers', BMC Bioinformatics 7:93 (2006).
2021-01-13
JRK
MLB
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
hybrid Gibson - Euler-Maruyama method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1471-2105-7-93
A hybrid stochastic method partitions the system into subsets of fast and slow reactions and approximates the fast reactions as a continuous Markov process, using a chemical Langevin equation, and accurately describes the slow dynamics using the Gibson algorithm. Fixed time step Milstein is used for approximate numerical solution of CLE.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1471-2105-7-93
H.Salis, V. Sotiropoulos and Y. Kaznessis,'Multiscale Hy3S: Hybrid stochastic simulation for supercomputers', BMC Bioinformatics 7:93 (2006).
2021-01-13
JRK
MLB
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
hybrid adaptive Gibson - Milstein method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1471-2105-7-93
A hybrid stochastic method partitions the system into subsets of fast and slow reactions and approximates the fast reactions as a continuous Markov process, using a chemical Langevin equation, and accurately describes the slow dynamics using the Gibson algorithm. Fixed time step Milstein is used for approximate numerical solution of CLE.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1186/1471-2105-7-93
H.Salis, V. Sotiropoulos and Y. Kaznessis,'Multiscale Hy3S: Hybrid stochastic simulation for supercomputers', BMC Bioinformatics 7:93 (2006).
2021-01-13
JRK
MLB
number of trials
trials
Number of multiple trials (e.g., of a scatter search method).
2021-01-13
JRK
MLB
minimum species threshold for continuous approximation
Epsilon
epsilon
Minimum number of molecules of both reactant and product species required for approximation as a continuous Markov process.
Epsilon
EXACT
2021-01-13
JRK
MLB
minimum reaction rate for continuous approximation
Lambda
lambda
Minimum reaction rate required for approximation as a continuous Markov process.
Lambda
EXACT
2021-01-13
JRK
MLB
MSR tolerance
Multiple slow reactions tolerance
multiple slow reactions tolerance
Maximum allowed effect of executing multiple slow reactions per numerical integration of the SDEs.
Multiple slow reactions tolerance
EXACT
2021-01-13
JRK
MLB
SDE tolerance
Maximum allowed value of the drift and diffusion errors.
maximum allowed value of the drift and diffusion errors.
Stochastic differential equation tolerance
Maximum allowed value of the drift and diffusion errors.
EXACT
2021-01-25
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
hierarchical stochastic simulation algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fbioe.2014.00055
hSSA
Fast, memory-efficient method for stochastic simulation of hierarchically organized models, such as a model of a cellular population where each cell in the population is represented by the same species and reactions.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fbioe.2014.00055
Watanabe, L. H., & Myers, C. J. (2014). Hierarchical stochastic simulation algorithm for SBML models of genetic circuits. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2, 55.
hSSA
EXACT
2021-01-25
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
hierarchical Fehlberg method
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fbioe.2014.00055
hODE
hierarchical ODE integration method
hierarchical ordinary differential equation integration method
Method for continuous simulation of hierarchically organized models, such as a model of a cellular population where each cell in the population is represented by the same species and reactions.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fbioe.2014.00055
Watanabe, L. H., & Myers, C. J. (2014). Hierarchical stochastic simulation algorithm for SBML models of genetic circuits. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2, 55.
hODE
EXACT
2021-01-25
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
hierarchical flux balance analysis
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fbioe.2014.00055
Hierarchical FBA
hFBA
hierarchical FBA
Method for constraint-based simulation of hierarchically organized models, such as a model of a cellular population where each cell in the population is represented by the same species and reactions.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.3389/fbioe.2014.00055
Watanabe, L. H., & Myers, C. J. (2014). Hierarchical stochastic simulation algorithm for SBML models of genetic circuits. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2, 55.
Hierarchical FBA
EXACT
hFBA
EXACT
2021-01-25
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
embedded Runge-Kutta Prince-Dormand (8,9) method
RK8PD
An embedded Runge-Kutta integrator of order 8(9).
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
RK8PD
EXACT
2021-01-25
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
composite-rejection stochastic simulation algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2919546
SSA-CR
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1063/1.2919546
Slepoy, A., Thompson, A. P., & Plimpton, S. J. (2008). A constant-time kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm for simulation of large biochemical reaction networks. The journal of chemical physics, 128(20), 05B618.
JRK
https://identifers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
incremental stochastic simulation algorithm
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/ISCAS.2010.5537539
iSSA
Performs local averaging over small time-intervals to compute statistics on typical behavior.
https://identifers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
http://identifiers.org/doi/10.1109/ISCAS.2010.5537539
Winstead, C., Madsen, C., & Myers, C. (2010, May). iSSA: An incremental stochastic simulation algorithm for genetic circuits. In Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (pp. 553-556). IEEE.
iSSA
EXACT
2021-01-25
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
implicit 4th order Runge-Kutta method at Gaussian points
RK4IMP
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
RK4IMP
EXACT
2021-01-25
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
stochastic simulation algorithm with normally-distributed next reaction times
NMC
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
2021-01-25
JRK
implementation
An implementation of an algorithm. For example, simulation tools can this parameter to differentiate among C, Python, and Java implementations of the same algorithms and allow investigators to select one of these specific implementations through SED-ML.
2021-01-30
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
fully-implicit regular grid finite volume method with a variable time step
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
2021-01-30
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
semi-implicit regular grid finite volume method with a fixed time step
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
2021-01-30
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
IDA-CVODE hybrid method
Meta algorithm which chooses between IDA and CVODE depending on the problem to be solved.
CVODE is used for ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems. IDA is used for differential-algebraic equation (DAE) systems.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/vcell
VCell
2021-01-30
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
bunker
A variant of the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) in which the time to the next reaction is equated to the mean inter-event time (inverse of the sum of the propensitites of the reactions) rather than sampled from a distribution parameterized by this mean inter-event time. In this method, the next reaction time is deterministic rather than stochastic as in SSA.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
2021-01-30
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
emc-sim
A variant of the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) in which the time to the next reaction is a constant equal to 1 time unit. In this method, the next reaction time is deterministic rather than stochastic as in SSA.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/ibiosim
iBioSim
2021-04-27
JRK
true
parsimonius flux balance analysis
pFBA
A technique for selecting a flux distribution which is parsimonious by some metric, such as a solution which has the minimal number of active fluxes or a solution which has the smallest sum of active fluxes.
2021-04-27
JRK
true
stochastic simulation leaping method
2021-04-27
JRK
true
flux balance method
2021-04-28
JRK
flux balance problem
2021-06-01
JRK
true
method for solving a system of linear equations
method for solving a system of linear equations
Example system of equations:
3x + 2y - z = 0
2x - 2y + 4z = 0
-x + 1/2y - z = 0
2021-06-01
JRK
CVODE
dense direct solver
denese
2021-06-01
JRK
CVODE
band direct solver
banded
2021-06-01
JRK
CVODE
diagonal approximate Jacobian solver
diagonal
JRK
2012-06-01
true
modelling and simulation algorithm parameter value
A value of a parameter of an algorithm
2021-06-01
JRK
null
none
2021-06-01
JRK
true
general steady state method
root-finding method
A method looking for a steady state of a dynamic system.
JRK
2021-06-01
true
iterative root-finding method
Iterative method for finding the root of a function (f(x) = 0).
2021-06-01
JRK
CVODE
functional iteration root-finding method
https://bookdown.org/rdpeng/advstatcomp/functional-iteration.html
Iterative method for finding the root of a function f(x) given by
y^{n(m+1)} = h_{n} β_{n,0} f(t_{n}, y^{n(m)}) + a_n
This method only involves evaluations of f. This method is suitable for non-stiff functions.
https://bookdown.org/rdpeng/advstatcomp/functional-iteration.html
Roger Peng. Advanced Statistical Computing.
2021-06-04
JRK
true
computational function
A mathematical function such as the calculation of a minimum, maximum, or mean of a set of values.
JRK
2021-06-04
scaled property
2021-06-04
JRK
unscaled property
2021-06-04
JRK
primary property
A primary output of a simulation.
2021-06-04
JRK
derived property
An output of a simulation which can be derived from its primary outputs.
2021-06-04
JRK
level
A level such as of a qualitative variable.
2021-06-04
JRK
flux
A rate through an volume such as of a reaction of a constraint-based models.
2021-06-04
JRK
lower bound
A lower bound on an estimate of a quantity.
2021-06-04
JRK
true
bound
An upper or lower bound on an estimate of a quantity.
2021-06-04
JRK
minimum flux
Minimum possible flux such as computed by flux variability analysis (FVA, KISAO_0000526).
2021-06-04
JRK
upper bound
An upper bound on an estimate of a quantity.
2021-06-04
JRK
maximum flux
Maximum possible flux such as computed by flux variability analysis (FVA, KISAO_0000526).
2021-06-04
JRK
objective value
Value of an objective function such as of a constraint-based model.
2021-06-04
JRK
propensity
Tendency of an event such as of the firing of a reaction in the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA, KISAO_0000029).
2021-06-04
JRK
derivative
Rate of change of a variable with respect to another variable.
2021-06-04
JRK
step
Iteration such as along a pseudo timecourse of a logical simulation.
2021-06-04
JRK
shadow price
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_price
Change, per infinitesimal unit of the constraint, in the optimal value of the objective function of an optimization problem obtained by relaxing the constraint.
2021-06-04
JRK
true
sensitivity
The sensitivity of a variable to another variable, such as the derivative a variable with respect to another.
2021-06-04
JRK
reduced costs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_cost
The amount by which an objective function coefficient would have to improve before it would be possible for a corresponding variable to assume a positive value in the optimal solution.
2021-06-04
JRK
concentration rate
Rate of a process relative to a volume, such as the rate of a reaction in molar^-1 s^-1.
2021-06-04
JRK
particle number rate
Rate of a process in extensive/absolute units such as mole reactions per second.
2021-06-04
JRK
amount rate
rate of a process in extensive/absolute units such as reactions per second.
2021-06-04
JRK
rate
Speed at which a process is occuring such as the temporal rate of a chemical reaction,
2021-06-05
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
use adaptive time steps
Whether an algorithm should use adaptive or fixed time steps.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-07-08
JRK
sequential logical simulation method
Qualitative (logical) models specify the evolution rules of their components. In the case of a sequential updating, nodes are updated sequentially in a pre-determined deterministic order.
2021-07-08
JRK
true
logical model analysis method
A method for analyzing a logical model, such as finding its fixed points.
2021-07-08
JRK
Naldi MDD logical model stable state search method
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75140-3_16
Naldi Multi-valued Decision Diagram stable state search method
Efficient method for determining the stable states of a regulatory graph using a Multi-valued Decision Diagram (MDD) representation of the logical functions.
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75140-3_16
Aurélien Naldi, Denis Thieffry and Claudine Chaouiya. Decision Diagrams for the Representation and Analysis of Logical Models of Genetic Networks. Computational Methods in Systems Biology 2007, 4695.
2021-07-08
JRK
true
logical model stable state search method
Method for determining the stable states of a regulatory graph.
2021-07-08
JRK
true
logical model trap space identification method
Method for determining the trap spaces, or stable motifs or symbolic stable states, of a regulatory graph,
2021-07-08
JRK
Klarner ASP logical model trap space identification method
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1007/s11047-015-9520-7
Klarner Answer Set Programming logical model trap space identification method
Optimization-based method rooted in answer set programming (ASP) for computing the trap spaces of a regulatory graph.
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1007/s11047-015-9520-7
Hannes Klarner, Alexander Bockmayr, and Heike Siebert. Computing maximal and minimal trap spaces of Boolean networks. Natural Computing 14.4 (2015): 535-544.
2021-07-08
JRK
BDD logical model trap space identification method
Binary Decision Diagram logical model trap space identification method
Method for determining the trap spaces of a regulatory graph using a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD).
Method for solving Volterra equations. Uses the trapezoidal rule.
2021-08-07
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
Second order backward implicit product Euler scheme
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1093/comjnl/12.4.393
https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611970852
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
XPP
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1093/comjnl/12.4.393
Peter Linz. Numerical methods for Volterra integral equations of the first kind. Computer Journal 12 (4): 393–397 (1969).
https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611970852
Peter Linz. Analytical and Numerical Methods for Volterra Equations. 1985.
2021-08-07
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
maximum number of iterations for root finding
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
XPP
2021-08-07
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
Jacobian epsilon
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
XPP
2021-08-07
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
memory size
Maximum number of points to store in memory, such as in the second order backward implicit product Euler scheme.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
XPP
2021-08-08
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
Numerical Recipes in C "stiff" Rosenbrock method
Implementation of the Kaps and Rentrop using the parameters recommended by Shampine and Watts.
Shampine, L.F., and Watts, H.A. 1977, in Mathematical Software III, J.R. Rice, ed. (New York: Academic Press), pp. 257–275; 1979, Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 5, pp. 93–121.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/148286
stiff
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
XPP
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/148286
William H. Press, Saul A. Teukolsky, William T. Vetterling & Brian P. Flannery. Numerical Recipes in C. The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd Edition, 1992. Chapter 16. Pages 739-741.
2021-08-12
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/rbapy
Resource Balance Analysis
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2011.02.038
RBA
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/rbapy
RBApy
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2011.02.038
A. Goelzer, V. Fromion, G. Scorletti. Cell design in bacteria as a convex optimization problem. Automatica, 47(6):1210-1218 (2011).
2021-08-07
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
use multiple steps
Whether to perform a multiple time step simulation.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-07
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
use stiff method
Specifies whether the integrator attempts to solve stiff equations.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-18
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
Numerical Recipes in C "quality-controlled Runge-Kutta" method
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/148286
rkqs
Cash-Karp method with step size adjustment.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/xpp
XPP
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/148286
William H. Press, Saul A. Teukolsky, William T. Vetterling & Brian P. Flannery. Numerical Recipes in C. The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd Edition, 1992. Chapter 16. Pages 719.
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
skip reactions that produce negative species amounts
Parameter which instructs a simulation tool to skip reactions that would result in negative amounts of species.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
presimulate
Whether a model should be presimulated prior to analysis.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
Broyden method
Family of Quasi-Newton methods for finding roots in k variables originally described by C. G. Broyden in 1965.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
degree of linearity
The degree of linearity of a system.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
maximum number of steps for presimulation
Maximum number of steps to take in presimulating a model prior to analysis.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
maximum number of steps for approximation
Maximum number of steps to take in approximating an analysis.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
maximum time for approximation
Maximum amount of time to spend approximating an analysis.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
duration
Length of time to simulate.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
maximum time
Maximum amount of wall time for an operation.
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
allow approximation
Whether to find an approximate solution if an exact solution could not be found.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-08-23
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
relative tolerance for approximation
Relatative tolerance for an alternative approximate solution to an exact solution which could not be found.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/tellurium
tellurium
2021-09-22
JRK
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
number of steps per output
Number of simulation steps between each simulation output.
http://identifiers.org/biosimulators/bionetgen
BioNetgen
2022-03-27
EN
JRK
WL
true
biological state optimization method
A method for computing the optimal state of a biological system according to a particular objective.
2022-03-27
EN
JRK
WL
https://gitlab.com/equilibrator/metabolic-pathway-analysis
Enzyme Cost Minimization
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005167
ECM
For a given metabolic network model, the Enzyme Cost Minimization method determines plausible metabolite and enzyme concentrations (which determine thermodynamic forces and enzyme catalytic rates). Fluxes, enzyme kinetic constants, admissible metabolite concentration ranges, and enzyme cost weights (e.g. enzyme molecular masses) are given as input data. The method applies the principle that high enzyme (or enzyme plus metabolite) concentrations must be avoided, and maximizes a weighted sum of enzyme and metabolite concentrations.
https://gitlab.com/equilibrator/metabolic-pathway-analysis
Metabolic Pathway Analysis
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005167
Elad Noor, Avi Flamholz, Arren Bar-Even, Dan Davidi, Ron Milo & Wolfram Liebermeister. The Protein Cost of Metabolic Fluxes: Prediction from Enzymatic Rate Laws and Cost Minimization. PLoS Comput Biol 12 (11): e1005167 (2016).
2022-03-27
EN
JRK
WL
https://gitlab.com/equilibrator/metabolic-pathway-analysis
Max-min Driving Force method
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003483
MDF
For a given metabolic network model, the MDF method determines plausible metabolite concentrations and thermodynamic forces. Flux directions, equilibrium constants (or equivalently, standard Gibbs free energies of reactions) and admissible metabolite concentration ranges are given as input data. The method applies the principle that low thermodynamic forces must be avoided, and maximizes the minimum thermodynamic force across the entire network.
https://gitlab.com/equilibrator/metabolic-pathway-analysis
Metabolic Pathway Analysis
http://identifiers.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003483
Elad Noor, Arren Bar-Even, Avi Flamholz, Ed Reznik, Wolfram Liebermeister & Ron Milo. Pathway thermodynamics highlights kinetic obstacles in central metabolism. PLOS Computational Biology 10(2): e1003483 (2014).
2022-03-29
EN
JRK
WL
type of system described
2022-03-29
EN
JRK
WL
mathematical system
2022-03-29
EN
JRK
WL
biological system
2022-03-29
EN
JRK
WL
metabolic system
2022-03-29
EN
JRK
WL
cellular system
2022-03-29
EN
JRK
WL
biochemical system
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2023-05-19
lps
false
ODE solver
ordinary differential equation solver
An ODE solver is the general category of packages such as CVODE-like methods [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000433] or Livermore solvers [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000094] that solve systems of ordinary differential equations.
ordinary differential equation solver
EXACT
2023/05/19
lps
parameters for
The children parameters of this term are applied when the parent general term is implented as the more-specific value of this term. For example: a 'parameters for' term might be used as a child of an 'ODE Solver' ([http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000694]), have a value of 'KISAO_0000019' (CVODE)', and have a child term 'use stiff method' of 'true' ([http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000671])
LPS
steady state root-finding problem
steady state problem
steady state problem
EXACT
2023-06-06
lps
false
SDE solver
stochastic differential equation solver
An SDE solver is the general category of packages that provide stochastic solutions to a system of differential equations with propensities.
stochastic differential equation solver
EXACT
12-08-2023
LPS
particle coordinates
The set of coordinates for all particles of these entities.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2024-03-13
lps
false
DAE Solver
differential algebraic equation solver
A DAE solver is the general category of packages such as IDA-like methods [http://identifiers.org/biomodels.kisao/KISAO_0000432] that solve systems of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). DAEs are a superset of ODEs that may additionally contain algebraic equations or 'fast' reactions.
differential algebraic equation solver
EXACT
2021-06-03
LPS
true
systems property
A systems-level property of an entire model or simulation.
2021-06-03
LPS
concentration control coefficient matrix (unscaled)
The unscaled concentration control coefficient matrix. The dimensions are species by reactions.
2021-06-03
LPS
control coefficient (scaled)
A scaled control coefficient of any dependent element (such as a reaction or a floating species) with respect to an independent element (such as a global parameter or boundary species).
2021-06-03
LPS
control coefficient (unscaled)
An unscaled control coefficient of any dependent element (such as a reaction or a floating species) with respect to an independent element (such as a global parameter or boundary species).
2021-06-03
LPS
elasticity matrix (unscaled)
The unscaled elasticity matrix. The dimensions are reactions by species.
2021-06-03
LPS
elasticity coefficient (unscaled)
An unscaled elasticity coefficient of any reaction with respect to an independent element (such as a global parameter or boundary species).
2021-06-03
LPS
elasticity matrix (scaled)
The scaled elasticity matrix. The dimensions are reactions by species.
2021-06-03
LPS
elasticity coefficient (scaled)
A scaled elasticity coefficient of any reaction with respect to an independent element (such as a global parameter or boundary species).
2021-06-03
LPS
reduced stoichiometry matrix
The reduced stoichiometry matrix. The dimensions are species by reactions.
2021-06-03
LPS
reduced Jacobian matrix
The reduced Jacobian matrix. The dimensions are species by species.
2021-06-03
LPS
reduced eigenvalue matrix
The reduced eigenvalue matrix of a model. The dimensions are species by two, where the first column is the real part of the eigenvalues, and the second column is the imaginary part of the eigenvalues.
2021-06-03
LPS
stoichiometry matrix
full stochiometry matrix
The (full) stoichiometry matrix. The dimensions are species by reactions.
2021-06-03
LPS
Jacobian matrix
full Jacobian matrix
The (full) Jacobian matrix. The dimensions are species by species.
2021-06-03
LPS
Eigenvalue matrix
full eigenvalue matrix
The (full) eigenvalue matrix of a model. The dimensions are species by two, where the first column is the real part of the eigenvalues, and the second column is the imaginary part of the eigenvalues.
2021-06-03
LPS
flux control coefficient matrix (unscaled)
The unscaled flux control coefficient matrix. The dimensions are reactions by reactions.
2021-06-03
LPS
flux control coefficient matrix (scaled)
The scaled flux control coefficient matrix. The dimensions are reactions by reactions.
2021-06-03
LPS
link matrix
The link matrix of a model.
2021-06-03
LPS
kernel matrix
The Kernel matrix of a model.
2021-06-03
LPS
L0 matrix
The L0 matrix of a model.
2021-06-03
LPS
Nr matrix
The Nr matrix of a model.
2021-06-03
LPS
true
model and simulation property characteristic
A property of a variable of a model or simulation.
2021-06-03
LPS
true
intensive property
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties
An intensive variable such as a concentration or temperature.
2021-06-03
LPS
extensive property
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties
An extensive variable such as an amount, particle number, or mass.
2021-06-03
LPS
true
aggregation function
A function that aggregates a set of results, reducing its dimension(s). Examples include functions that compute minima or maxima of sets of values.
2021-06-03
LPS, MK
mean ignoring NaN
The mean (average) of a set of values, ignoring NaN entries.
2021-06-03
LPS, MK
standard deviation ignoring NaN
The standard deviation of a set of values, ignoring NaN entries.
2021-06-03
LPS, MK
standard error ignoring NaN
The standard error of a set of values, ignoring NaN entries.
2021-06-03
LPS, MK
maximum ignoring NaN
The maximum value of a set of values, ignoring NaN entries.
2021-06-03
LPS, MK
minimum ignoring NaN
The minimum value of a set of values, ignoring NaN entries.
2021-10-09
MK
maximum
The maximum of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the maximum is NaN.
2021-06-03
LPS
true
model and simulation property
A variable of a model or simulation.
2021-06-03
LPS
time
The implied time variable of the model state.
2021-06-03
LPS
rate of change
rate
The rate of change of one variable with respect to a second variable.
2021-06-03
LPS
concentration control coefficient matrix (scaled)
The scaled concentration control coefficient matrix. The dimensions are species by reactions.
2021-06-03
LPS
amount
The extensive quantity amount.
2021-06-03
LPS
particle number
The extensive quantity particle number, or, the molar amount of the entity multiplied by Avogadro's number.
2021-06-03
LPS
concentration
The intensive quantity concentration, or, the amount of the entity with respect to the entity in which it resides.
2021-06-03
LPS
temperature
The intensive quantity temperature.
2021-10-09
MK
minimum
The minimum of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the minimum is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
mean
The mean of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the mean is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
standard deviation
The standard deviation of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the standard deviation is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
standard error
The standard error of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the standard deviation is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
sum ignoring NaN
The sum of a set of values, ignoring Nan entries.
2021-10-09
MK
sum
The sum of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the sum is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
product ignoring NaN
The product of a set of values, ignoring Nan entries.
2021-10-09
MK
product
The product of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the product is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
cumulative sum ignoring NaN
The cumulative sum of a set of values, ignoring Nan entries.
2021-10-09
MK
cumulative sum
The cumulative sum of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the cumulative sum is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
cumulative product ignoring NaN
The cumulative product of a set of values, ignoring Nan entries.
2021-10-09
MK
cumulative product
The cumulative product of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the cumulative product is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
count ignoring NaN
The number of non-zero elements of a set of values, ignoring Nan entries.
2021-10-09
MK
count
The number of non-zero elements of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the count is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
length ignoring NaN
The number of elements of a set of values, ignoring Nan entries.
2021-10-09
MK
length
The number of elements of a set of values.
2021-10-09
MK
median ignoring NaN
The median of a set of values, ignoring Nan entries.
2021-10-09
MK
median
The median of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the median is NaN.
2021-10-09
MK
variance ignoring NaN
The variance of a set of values, ignoring Nan entries.
2021-10-09
MK
variance
The variance of a set of values. If the values contain NaN the variance is NaN.
true