An ontology of neuron types based on the phenotypic dimensions of cells that can be measure experimentally.
Bernard de Bono - https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-5274
Mohameth François Sy - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-9838
Monique Surles-Zeigler - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-8813
Shreejoy Tripathy - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1007-9061
Maryann Martone - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-3871
Tom Gillespie - https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-4801
researchers working on cell types and their phenotypes, whether they are collecting raw data, organizing existing data, or creating simulations of cell types
`npokb:' and `ilxtr:' identifiers are not currently dereferenceable, but they are planned to be.
Protégé, FaCT++, ELK, python, pyontutils, neurondm
Specific ontology ids are never deprecated. If you need to know whether the modeling of a class has changed, neurondm can be used to regenerate the deterministic identifiers that appear as `ilxtr:hasTemporaryId'.
`rdfs:label' must be present. `skos:prefLabel' must be present for common usage types, and should be present when possible for evidence based models. Since the constituent ontology files that make up the npo are generated using python, provenance is primarily stored in the git repository pointed to via the `prov:wasGeneratedBy' predicate in the `owl:Ontology' header for individual files, in this case that repository is `<https://github.com/tgbugs/pyontutils>'
`rdfs:label' must be automatically generated using neurondm. Labels are generated from the labels of the constituent phenotype values. Only restrictions specifying necessary criteria for defining the type (i.e. those that are contained in an `owl:equivalentClass' statement) are included when generating the name. The ordering of the dimensions is specified in https://github.com/tgbugs/pyontutils/blob/a5e9fcc70d56870e692c17cb7fadce735a281d02/neurondm/neurondm/core.py#L135-L389
No external evaluation has been conducted. See https://doi.org/10.1007/s12021-022-09566-7
`npokb:[0-9]+' identifiers are assigned sequentially via https://github.com/tgbugs/pyontutils/blob/a5e9fcc70d56870e692c17cb7fadce735a281d02/nifstd/nifstd_tools/map-identifiers.py#L20-L49. An index of issued identifiers is retained at https://github.com/SciCrunch/NIF-Ontology/blob/neurons/ttl/generated/neurons/npokb-index.ttl. Note that the current implementation currently does not correctly handles cases where the constituent phenotypes of a class change.
There is a need to bridge the gap between historical definitions of cell types from the literature, with cell types being defined using a wide variety of new techniques. There is also a need to be able to bridge and reconcile the wide variety of local terminology used across laboratories and place them on more solid foundations derived from the methodology used to make measurements on cells.
Scope: neuron types, and the dimensions and values of their constituent phenotypes. Coverage: an inventory of common usage types from existing sources, as well as three examples of evidence based models of cell types from recent publications.
The npo is maintained as part of the NIF-Ontology.
See `MIRO:axiom_patterns' and paper https://doi.org/10.1007/s12021-022-09566-7
Development versions of the ontology are released continuously and are identified by their git commit hashes. Stable versions are released periodically and can be accessed by their git tag.
Generic partonomy relationship; does not distinguish among subtypes
L-Cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-asparaginyl-L-cysteinyl-L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide cyclic(1-6)-disulfide
L-alanylglycyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-cysteine cyclic (3-14) disulfide
Synthetic growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives
Branch of anterior ramus of spinal nerve
Posterior ramus of cervical spinal nerve
Branch of peripheral segment of spinal nerve
Branch of anterior ramus of lumbar nerve
Branch of ventral ramus of lumbar spinal nerve
Gray communicating ramus of thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of thoracic nerve
Gray communicating ramus of thoracic ventral ramus
Gray ramus communicans of thoracic anterior ramus
White communicating ramus of thoracic anterior ramus
White communicating ramus of thoracic ventral ramus
White ramus communicans of thoracic anterior ramus
White communicating ramus of lumbar nerve
White ramus communicans of lumbar spinal nerve
Nerve trunk, each instance of which is the tract arising from some optic chiasma, consisting of fiber segments frm some ipsilateral temporal and contralateral nasal retinas, proceeding backward, around some cerebral peduncle, and dividing into a lateral and a medial root; the roots end in some superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body, respectively.
Materielles körperliches anatomisches Wesen
AMPA-type glutamate-gated cationic channel
ramus renalis nervus splanchnici minoris
inferior cervical ganglion - middle cervical ganglion interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
T1 - inferior cervical ganglion interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
middle cervical ganglion - superior cervical ganglion interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
External branch of inferior laryngeal nerve
Internal branch of inferior laryngeal nerve
white communicating ramus of first thoracic spinal nerve
thirteenth thoracic sympathetic ganglion
gray communicating ramus of twelfth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of sixth lumbar nerve
gray communicating ramus of second thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of third thoracic nerve
superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
Lamina propria mucosae of descending colon
Circular muscle layer of descending colon
Longitudinal muscle layer of descending colon
T12 - T13 interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
T13 - L1 interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
L6 - S1 interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
T1 - T2 interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
T2 - T3 interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
T3 - T4 interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
T4 - T5 interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
T5 - T6 interganglionic segment of the sympathetic chain
gray communicating ramus of the fifth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the fifth intercostal nerve
Posterior root of left ninth thoracic nerve
Posterior root of seventh thoracic nerve
ventral root of the third thoracic spinal cord segment
Posterior root of left second thoracic nerve
Posterior root of left eighth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of eleventh thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the eleventh intercostal nerve
Posterior root of right twelfth thoracic nerve
ventral root of the first lumbar spinal cord segment
Posterior root of right sixth thoracic nerve
Posterior root of left tenth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of ninth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the ninth intercostal nerve
gray communicating ramus of second lumbar nerve
gray communicating ramus of first lumbar nerve
gray communicating ramus of third lumbar nerve
ventral root of the eighth cervical spinal cord segment
anterior root of eighth cervical spinal cord segment
Thoracodorsal nerve component of C7 nerve
Posterior root of right eleventh thoracic nerve
Posterior root of left first lumbar nerve
Posterior root of right eighth thoracic nerve
Posterior root of right ninth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the first thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the first intercostal nerve
ventral root of the third lumbar spinal cord segment
gray communicating ramus of the third thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the third intercostal nerve
Posterior root of twelfth thoracic nerve
ventral root of the first thoracic spinal cord segment
Posterior root of right seventh thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of sixth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the sixth intercostal nerve
Posterior root of left seventh thoracic nerve
ventral root of the eighth thoracic spinal cord segment
Lateral pectoral nerve component of C6 nerve
gray communicating ramus of fourth lumbar nerve
ventral root of the tenth thoracic spinal cord segment
ventral root of the second lumbar spinal cord segment
gray communicating ramus of seventh thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the seventh intercostal nerve
Posterior root of left third thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the fourth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the fourth intercostal nerve
Long thoracic nerve component of C5 nerve
Posterior root of seventh cervical nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve component of C5 nerve
Pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
Posterior root of left eleventh thoracic nerve
ventral root of the second thoracic spinal cord segment
ventral root of the seventh thoracic spinal cord segment
ventral root of the fourth lumbar spinal cord segment
ventral root of the fifth thoracic spinal cord segment
Posterior root of eleventh thoracic nerve
Posterior root of left first thoracic nerve
Posterior root of left twelfth thoracic nerve
Gray communicating ramus of cervicothoracic ganglion to first thoracic spinal nerve
ventral root of the eleventh thoracic spinal cord segment
anterior root of eleventh thoracic nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve component of C7 nerve
ventral root of the sixth thoracic spinal cord segment
gray communicating ramus of the second thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the second intercostal nerve
ventral root of the fifth lumbar spinal cord segment
Posterior ramus of fourth cervical nerve
gray communicating ramus of eighth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the eighth intercostal nerve
ventral root of the ninth thoracic spinal cord segment
ventral root of the twelveth thoracic spinal cord segment
anterior root of twelveth thoracic nerve
Posterior root of left eighth cervical nerve
Posterior root of left second lumbar nerve
gray communicating ramus of tenth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the tenth intercostal nerve
ventral root of the fourth thoracic spinal cord segment
ventral root of the first sacral spinal cord segment
Posterior root of right tenth thoracic nerve
celiac ganglion- superior mesenteric ganglion complex
coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex
ventral root of the thirteenth thoracic spinal cord segment
Anterior root of thirteenth thoracic nerve
white communicating ramus of second thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of third thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of fourth thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of fifth thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of sixth thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of seventh thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of eighth thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of ninth thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of tenth thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of eleventh thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of twelfth thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of thirteenth thoracic spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of first lumbar spinal nerve
white communicating ramus of second lumbar spinal nerve
gray communicating ramus of thirteenth thoracic nerve
gray communicating ramus of the thirteenth intercostal nerve
gray communicating ramus of first sacral nerve
thirteenth thoracic dorsal root ganglion
white communicating ramus of third lumbar spinal nerve
White communicating ramus of fourth lumbar anterior ramus
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
terminal bronchiole parasympathetic ganglia
ventral root of the sixth lumbar spinal cord segment
fibers provided by http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001989
Arteriole in circular muscle layer of descending colon
Arteriole in lamina propria of mucosa of descending colon
Arteriole in longitudinal muscle layer of descending colon
Arteriole in myenteric nerve plexus of descending colon
Arteriole in submucous nerve plexus of descending colon
Myenteric nerve plexus of descending colon
Submucosal nerve plexus of descending colon
myenteric nerve plexus of lower esophagus
Arteriole in connective tissue of bladder neck
Arteriole in connective tissue of bladder dome
adventitia of superior mesenteric artery
Nerve plexus in adventitia of splenic artery
nerve plexus in adventitia of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
nerve plexus in adventitia of hepatic artery
Intermediolateral nucleus of second thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of third thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of fourth thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of fifth thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of sixth thoracic segment
Communicating branch with zygomatic nerve
Sympathetic root of pterygopalatine ganglion
Nerve fiber from submandibular ganglion to submandibular gland
Nerve fiber from submandibular ganglion to mouth mucosa
Nerve fiber from submandibular ganglion to sublingual gland
inferior hypogastric nerve plexus ganglion
parasympathetic nucleus of sixth lumbar segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of seventh thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of eighth thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of ninth thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of tenth thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of eleventh thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of twelfth thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of thirteenth thoracic segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of first lumbar segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of second lumbar segment
prevertebral sympathetic ganglion in abdominal aortic plexus
abdominal aortic plexus prevertebral sympathetic ganglion
Intermediolateral nucleus of sixth lumbar segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of first sacral segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of second sacral segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of third sacral segment
Intermediolateral nucleus of fourth sacral segment
Dorsal gray commissure of first lumbar segment
Dorsal gray commissure of second lumbar segment
smooth muscle of the isthmus of the Fallopian tube
blood vessel of the isthmus of the Fallopian tube
articular branch of lateral pectoral nerve
Ligamentum collaterale carpi ulnare (Articulatio radiocarpalis)
Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint
Pars profunda (Musculus sphincter ani externus)
superficial part of external anal sphincter
Pars superficialis (Musculus sphincter ani externus)
subcutaneous part of external anal sphincter
Pars subcutanea (Musculus sphincter ani externus)
Ilio-inguinal nerve Nervus ilio-inguinalis
Ramus femoralis (Nervus genitofemoralis)
Ramus genitalis (Nervus genitofemoralis)
periarterial neural plexus of the common hepatic artery
Proper Palmar Digital Branches of Median Nerve
Posterior root of right thirteenth thoracic nerve
Posterior root of left thirteenth thoracic nerve
Right thirteenth thoracic spinal ganglion
Left thirteenth thoracic spinal ganglion
myenteric nerve plexus ganglion of esophagus
myenteric nerve plexus ganglion of stomach
myenteric nerve plexus ganglion of large intestine
myenteric nerve plexus ganglion of rectum
submucosal nerve plexus ganglion of small intestine
submucosal nerve plexus ganglion of large intestine
submucosal nerve plexus ganglion of rectum
submucosal nerve plexus ganglion of anus
Posterior root of thirteenth thoracic nerve
Intermediolateral nucleus of first thoracic segment
nerve plexus along the left precaval vein
acetylcholine receptor, neuronal, nicotinic, alpha-4 subunit
cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4
neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4
ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase
solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 3
pre-pro-arginine-vasopressin-neurophysin II
vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, avian-type
calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha
cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3, cardiac
striatal cannabinoid receptor type 1 protein
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 1
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 1
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 4
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4
gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 4
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit delta
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta
glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)
glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)
5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C
5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A
5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) transporter
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (5HT transporter) (5HTT)
solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4
N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein
suppressor of K(+) transport growth defect 2
calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A
dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A
phosphodiesterase 1A, calmodulin-dependent
nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 4
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
heparin-binding growth-associated molecule
retinally abundant regulator of G-protein signaling
solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 3
downregulated during adipocyte differentiation-1
transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein
short transient receptor potential channel 5
transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 5
vtransient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 5
short transient receptor potential channel 6
transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6
solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter), member 1
vasicular inhibitory amino acid transporter 10D
vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type II receptor
vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type III receptor
vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 2
wingless-related MMTV integration site 2
wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2
wingless-related MMTV integration site 5A
wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A
probable proton-coupled zinc antiporter SLC30A3
solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3
Regulator of G-protein signaling 7 (RGS7)
nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group B member 3
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7B
guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1
guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-3
NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase beta 1 subunit
soluble guanylate cyclase beta-1 subunit
calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-4
calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M subunit beta-4
large conductance calcium-dependent potassium ion channel beta 4 subunit
potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, beta member 4
guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1
guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3
striatum-specific G-protein coupled receptor
calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2
calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M subunit beta-2
potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, beta member 2
carbohydrate (keratan sulfate Gal-6) sulfotransferase 1
galactose/N-acetylglucosamine/N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase 1
N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase 1
differentiation-associated Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter
solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6
solute carrier family 17 (vesicular glutamate transporter), member 6
cysteine-rich and single thrombospondin domain-containing protein 3
thrombospondin type 1 domain containing gene Rspondin
solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 1, pseudogene
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10
rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 10
cysteine-rich and single thrombospondin domain-containing protein 2
dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A
cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 3A
cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, cardiac
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase
heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 4
heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 4
Mammalia olfactory bulb Granule +PV +GABA intrinsic neuron (implies +NMDA +AMPA)
Hyperpolarization and cyclic-nucleotide gated channel
Anionic cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel
Cationic cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel
NMDA-type glutamate-gated cationic channel
Kainate glutamate-gated cationic channel
Olfactory bulb main external plexiform layer
Cytoarchitectural part of the olfactory bulb, lying superior to the mitral cell layer and inferior to the glomerular layer. The EPL is mostly neuropil composed almost entirely of mitral and tulfted cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites and their synaptic inputs.
Brain Subdivisions based on automated term selection
Olfactory bulb (main) internal plexiform layer
Lamina of the main olfactory bulb lying deep to the mitral cell layer and superficial to the granule cell layer. (in Shepherd, The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5, Fig. 5.2, page 167)
A layer of neuronal synapses in the retina of the eye, bounded by the inner nuclear layer and the outer nuclear layer. It consists of a dense network of synapses between dendrites of horizontal cells from the inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor cell inner segments from the outer nuclear layer. It is much thinner than the inner plexiform layer, where amacrine cells cells synapse with retinal ganglion cells (adapted from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_plexiform_layer)
Olfactory bulb (accessory) external plexiform layer
Deepest layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus
is an amino acid derivative acting as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor. - from wikipedia
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor
growth hormone release-inhibiting factor
vasoactive intestinal polypeptides precursor
L-Tyrosine, tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
Mammalia retina ONL Cone +Glu intrinsic sensory neuron (implies (with-axon-in NLX:152184))
parasympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system
pars parasympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi
somatic nervous system, somatic division
somatic part of peripheral nervous system
pars sympathica divisionis autonomici systematis nervosi
sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system
camera-type eye plus associated structures
spinal ganglion part of peripheral nervous system
proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract
ophthalmic division of fifth cranial nerve
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (Va)
mandibular division of fifth cranial nerve
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve [Vc; V3]
maxillary division of fifth cranial nerve
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (Vb; V2)
female organism reproductive system gonad
female organism reproductive system gonada
gonad of female organism reproductive system
gonad of reproductive system of female organism
gonada of female organism reproductive system
gonada of reproductive system of female organism
reproductive system of female organism gonad
reproductive system of female organism gonada
tubular parts of female reproductive system
textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus
arteriae pancreaticoduodenales inferiores
anatomical wall of stomach serous membrane
anatomical wall of ventriculus serous membrane
serosa of anatomical wall of ventriculus
serous membrane of anatomical wall of stomach
serous membrane of anatomical wall of ventriculus
serous membrane of stomach anatomical wall
serous membrane of ventriculus anatomical wall
ventriculus anatomical wall serous membrane
lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(gaster)
aggregated lymphoid follicle of intestine
anatomical wall of bowel serous membrane
anatomical wall of intestine serous membrane
intestine anatomical wall serous membrane
serous membrane of anatomical wall of bowel
serous membrane of anatomical wall of intestine
serous membrane of bowel anatomical wall
serous membrane of intestine anatomical wall
follicle of ovary viewed macroscopically
muscle of upper or lower hindlimb segment
joint of terminal segment of free upper limb
cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system
cochlear nucleus of eighth cranial nerve
ganglion of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system
sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system ganglion
interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis
nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis
nucleus proprius stria terminalis (bed nucleus)
medial geniculate complex of dorsal thalamus
paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus (Malone)
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
strata (grisea et alba) colliculi cranialis
strata (grisea et alba) colliculi superioris
pseudostratified main olfactory epithelium
superior olivary nucleus (Barr & Kiernan)
Edinger-Westphal nucleus of oculomotor nerve
nuclei accessorii nervi oculomtorii (Edinger-Westphal)
nucleus nervi oculomotorii Edinger-Westphal
nucleus nervi oculomotorii parvocellularis
intermediolateral nucleus of spinal cord
nucleus intermediolateralis medullae spinalis
central gelatinous substance of spinal cord
gelatinous substance of dorsal horn of spinal cord
gelatinous substance of posterior horn of spinal cord
substantia gelatinosa cornu posterioris medullae spinalis
substantia gelatinosa of spinal cord dorsal horn
substantia gelatinosa of spinal cord posterior horn
columna grisea posterior medullae spinalis
columna grisea anterior medullae spinalis
periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
hypothalamic medial zone behavioral control column
cytoarchitectural fields of hippocampal formation
middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb
zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb
manual digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue
autonomic division of peripheral nervous system
autonomic part of peripheral nervous system
divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici
pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici
anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ
muscle organ of anterior thoracic region
muscle organ of anterolateral part of thorax
muscle of posterior compartment of hindlimb stylopod
muscle of posterior compartment of thigh
muscularis compartimentum femoris posterius
medial globus pallidus (entopeduncular nucleus)
digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue
nucleus oralis tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, pars oralis
oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal oral part
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, oral part
ventral posterior complex of the thalamus
nucleus lemnisci lateralis pars ventralis
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus ventral part
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, ventral part
ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
periventricular nucleus, preventricular portion
formatio reticularis tegmenti mesencephali
geniculate thalamic nuclear group (metathalamus)
segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8
lateral nuclear group of dorsal thalamus
inferior olivary complex dorsalaccessory nucleus
segmenta lumbalia medullae spinalis [1-5]
nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars medialis
vestibular part of vestibulocochlear ganglion
vestibulocochlear ganglion vestibular component
vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion vestibular component
nucleus nervi oculomotorii ventrolateralis
nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars ventralis
caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
nucleus caudalis tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, pars caudalis
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal caudal part
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve caudal part
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, caudal part
dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (vagal nucleus)
nucleus salivatorius inferior nervi glossopharyngei
interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus
interpolar part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus
nucleus interpolaris tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
nucleus of spinal tract of N. V (subnucleus interpolaris)
nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, pars interpolaris
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal interpolar part
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve interpolar part
spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, interpolar part
spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar part
nucleus tractus mesencephali nervi trigeminalis
ventral nucleus of oculomotor nuclear complex
ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus
nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami
nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami
nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (hassler)
posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus
posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus
ventral posterior medial nucleus of dorsal thalamus
ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus
ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus principal part
ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, general
ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, principal part
ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus
superior olivary complex periolivary region
Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex
lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus
segmenta thoracica medullae spinalis [1-12]
substantia grisea centralis mesencephali
female organism reproductive system organ
reproductive structure of female organism
reproductive system organ of female organism
reproductive system organ of male organism
cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium
cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart
textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium
textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart
textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium
cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue
textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium
textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium
textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium
textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart
textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium
cavity of pericardial sac meso-epithelium
meso-epithelium of cavity of pericardial sac
mesothelium of cavity of pericardial sac
digit of terminal segment of free upper limb skin
skin of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb
skin of terminal segment of free upper limb digit
terminal segment of free upper limb digit skin
recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve
vagus X nerve recurrent laryngeal branch
bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk
muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk
blood vessel of abdominal segment of trunk
joint of limb of distal free limb segment
endothelium of irregular blood filled space
internal genitalia of female reproductive system
cytoarchitectural part of olfactory bulb
cytoarchitectural part of the cerebellar cortex
anterior white commissure of spinal cord
commissura alba anterior medullae spinalis
olfactory bulb main mitral cell body layer
smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system
nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system
nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system
arteriola glomerularis efferens capsulae renalis
columna grisea intermedia medullare spinalis
commissura grisea anaterior medullae spinalis
commissura grisea posterior medulla spinalis
serous membrane of gastrointestinal system
mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius
mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius
columnar epithelium of the fallopian tube
apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue
epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius
epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system
gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue
epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract
upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue
anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue
skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum
skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum
nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system of thorax
nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system of thorax
sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk of thorax
thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic nervous system
thorax nerve trunk of sympathetic part of autonomic division of nervous system
thorax sympathetic nervous system nerve trunk
musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae
fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucosa of organ
fundus gastricus (ventricularis) mucous membrane
fundus gastricus (ventricularis) organ mucosa
mucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)
mucosa of organ of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)
mucous membrane of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)
organ mucosa of fundus gastricus (ventricularis)
external genitalia of female reproductive system
subdivision of skin of dorsal part of finger
ganglion inferius (nervus glossopharygeus)
ganglion inferius nervus glossopharyngei
glossopharyngeal nerve inferior ganglion
inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve
inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb
olfactory bulb main external plexiform layer
accessory olfactory bulb granule cell layer
lamina molecularis isocorticis [lamina I]
external granular layer of cerebral cortex
external granular layer of isocortex [layer II]
external granule cell layer of neocortex
lamina granularis externa isocorticis [lamina ii]
external pyramidal cell layer of neocortex
external pyramidal layer of cerebral cortex
external pyramidal layer of isocortex [layer iii]
isocortex, deep supragranular pyramidal layer
lamina pyramidalis externa isocorticis [lamina iii]
layer of medium-sized and large pyramidal cells
internal granular layer of isocortex [layer iv]
internal granule cell layer of neocortex
lamina granularis interna isocorticis [lamina iv]
internal pyramidal cell layer of neocortex
internal pyramidal layer of isocortex [layer v]
isocortex, infragranular pyramidal layer
lamina pyramidalis interna isocorticis [lamina v]
lamina multiformis isocorticis [lamina vi]
alimentary part of gastrointestinal system
segmenta sacralia medullae spinalis [1-5]
cytoarchitectural part of superior colliculus
predominantly white regional part of superior colliculus
white matter layer of superior colliculus
visual processing part of nervous system
lamina propria of colonic mucous membrane
accessory olfactory bulb glomerular layer
accessory olfactory bulb, glomerular layer
glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb
hippocampus stratum lacunosum moleculare
stratum hippocampi moleculare et substratum lacunosum
pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
stratum circulare (tunica muscularis)(gaster)
stratum circulare tunicae muscularis gastricae
stomach smooth muscle inner oblique layer
oblique fiber layer of gastric muscularis
stomach smooth muscle outer longitudinal layer
longitudinal layer of gastric muscularis
outer longitudinal muscle layer of stomach
stratum longitudinale (tunica muscularis)(gaster)
stratum longitudinale tunicae muscularis gastricae
primary somatosensory cortex (area S1, areas 3,1,2)
carotid branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
ramus sinus carotici nervi glossopharyngei
ramus sinus carotici nervus glossopharyngei
nucleus tractus solitarii medullae oblongatae
parasympathetic root of submandibular ganglion
radix parasympathica ganglii submandibularis
inner circular muscle layer of esophagus
esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer
outer longitudinal muscle layer of esophagus
glandulae urethrales urethrae masculinae
structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi)
pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin
pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin
pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin
subdivision of organism along appendicular axis
primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system
anterior division of bed nuclei of stria terminalis
anterior part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
bed nuclei of the stria terminalis anterior division
bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, anterior division
bed nuclei of the stria terminals anterior division
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis anterior division
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis anterior part
bed nucleus of thestria terminalis anterior division
lamina propria of mucosa of large intestine
central nervous system cell part cluster
predominantly gray regional part of telencephalon
superior laryngeal branch of inferior vagal ganglion
external urethral sphincter of female urethra
musculus sphincter urethrae externus (urethra feminina)
musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae femininae
subdivision of organism along main body axis
typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus)
longitudinal muscle layer of muscular coat
large intestine smooth muscle longitudinal layer
longitudinal muscle layer of zone of large intestine
longitudinal band of large intestine muscularis
skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle
skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle
CA1 part of stratum pyramidale hippocampi
CA2 part of stratum pyramidale hippocampi
CA3 part of stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Ventral nerve root of thoracic spinal cord
anterior nerve root of thoracic spinal cord
ventral nerve root of thoracic spinal cord
commissura grisea posterior medullae spinalis
posterior grey commissure of spinal cord
Ventral nerve root of cervical spinal cord
anterior nerve root of cervical spinal cord
ventral nerve root of cervical spinal cord
perimysial connective tissue of subepicardium
accessory olfactory bulb, granular layer
accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell layer
gray matter of lobe of cerebral hemisphere
central nervous system gray matter layer
central nervous system white matter layer
subdivision of spinal cord ventral column
lamina VII of gray matter of spinal cord
nucleus phrenicus columnae anterioris medullae spinalis
phrenic nucleus of anterior column of spinal cord
epithelium of terminal part of digestive tract
predominantly white regional part of pontine tegmentum
molecular layer of dorsal cochlear nucleus
Ventral nerve root of sacral spinal cord
anterior nerve root of sacral spinal cord
ventral nerve root of sacral spinal cord
Ventral nerve root of lumbar spinal cord
anterior nerve root of lumbar spinal cord
ventral nerve root of lumbar spinal cord
accessory ligament of acromioclavicular joint
organ region with floating fiat boundary
nerve to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior
flexor brevis minimi digiti muscle (hand)
flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of hand
flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle (hand)
musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis (manus)
ramus zygomaticotemporalis (Nervus zygomaticus)
ramus zygomaticotemporalis nervus zygomatici
zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic nerve
manual digit 1 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
manual digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
manual digit 2 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
manual digit 3 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
manual digit III plus metapodial segment
digit 1 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
digit 2 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
digit 3 ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue
smooth muscle longitudinal layer of colon
myenteric nerve plexus of small intestine