title: Commvault QOperation Path Traversal Webshell Drop (CVE-2025-57790)
id: bd3b3fff-a018-4994-9876-68af5809160f
status: experimental
description: |
    Detects the use of qoperation.exe with the -file argument to write a JSP file to the webroot, indicating a webshell drop.
    This is a post-authentication step corresponding to CVE-2025-57790.
references:
    - https://labs.watchtowr.com/guess-who-would-be-stupid-enough-to-rob-the-same-vault-twice-pre-auth-rce-chains-in-commvault/
author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
date: 2025-10-20
tags:
    - attack.persistence
    - attack.t1505.003
    - detection.emerging-threats
    - cve.2025-57790
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        # qoperation execute -af F:\Program Files\Commvault\ContentStore\Reports\MetricsUpload\Upload\ABC1234\rekt.xml -file F:\Program Files\Commvault\ContentStore\Apache\webapps\ROOT\wT-poc.jsp
        CommandLine|contains|all:
            - 'qoperation'
            - 'exec'
            - ' -af '
            - '.xml '
            - '\Apache\webapps\ROOT\'
            - '.jsp'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: high