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This course prepares pre-service communication arts/literature teachers to share their love of the English language with secondary students. Attention is given to the theory and techniques of teaching writing, literature, reading, speech, listening, and media literacy. In addition, students explore topics including multicultural literature, adolescent literature, responding to and evaluating writing, unit planning in the language arts, and the Common Core State Standards for Literacy. Required 20-hour field experience component. Offered annually in the spring semester. Also counts toward applied linguistics concentration. Prerequisite: EDUC 330.


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This course provides basic professional knowledge and skills needed for successful entry into the field of theater education. Through readings, class discussions, and active participation in teaching situations (including microteaching), students become familiar with the theory and practice of teaching theater K-12. Students learn about issues faced by the profession and how to manage a theater production program. Required 10-20 hour field experience component. Offered periodically in the spring semester. Prerequisite: EDUC 330.


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This course centers the perspectives and experiences of women writers as a gateway into American literature. From the early days of the Revolution to the twenty-first century, American women have used fiction, memoir, and poetry, among other genres, to shape cultural discourse and advocate for social or political change. We will read a range of these authors, including racially diverse writers from both mainstream and underrepresented communities. Some major themes will include the American marriage market, forms of family and motherhood, slavery and its legacies, immigration, and intercultural encounters.


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Students explore the works of major authors writing in English from around the globe, as well as their historical, social, and geographic contexts. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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Recent United States Poet Laureate, Joy Harjo, asserted her voice as the first "Indigenous poet" to occupy the role, and she is reflective of the increasing presence of Indigenous voices in mainstream American culture and politics. Drawing on history, literature, and cinema, this course explores the tension between dominant American culture's representations of Native America and Indigenous cultural productions and self-representation. It begins with Philip Deloria's history, Playing Indian, which argues early colonists took on ‘Indian’ identities to reinvent themselves as Americans, and concludes with the first all-Indigenous television series, Reservation Dogs.


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Students critically examine a variety of national, metro, and local media. Students then learn to write their own news copy, including hard news, features, editorials, arts and entertainment reviews, sports, business, and travel stories. Students also learn UPI/AP style copy editing and proofreading, important skills for students applying for internships and print media jobs. Offered periodically. Also counts toward business and management studies and film and media studies concentrations. Prerequisites: WRIT 120 or equivalent and at least sophomore status.


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Students engage in in-depth study of particular topics in engineering in a full-semester format. Topics are based on student interest and available staff. Potential course topics include Renewable Energy Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Signals and Systems, and Optics. This course includes weekly laboratory sessions. Offered periodically. Prerequisites: PHYS 130 and PHYS 131 OR PHYS 124, PHYS 125, and CSCI 121 (or CSCI 125) and MATH 126 or equivalent.


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This course analyzes environmental regulation in the United States with respect to its historical evolution, its ability to achieve environmental targets, its efficiency or cost-effectiveness, its distributional impact on jobs, people, and industries across the country, and its international ramifications. Offered annually. Also counts toward business and management studies concentration.


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The New Testament is the most famous and most widely translated Greek text from antiquity. Students have the opportunity to read one or more of the Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, or selected Pauline letters in the original language. Questions about the transmission of the text and about its theological implications provoke lively discussions. Offered annually in the spring semester. Also counts toward ancient studies major and applied linguistics concentration. Prerequisite: GREEK 231 or equivalent.


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This course is a survey of Mediterranean civilization from the early history of Italy through the Roman Republic and Empire. Language Across the Curriculum (LAC) course periodically available in Latin. Offered annually. Also counts toward ancient studies, classics, and Latin majors.


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Students explore modern German history from the Enlightenment through the establishment of a modern German nation-state (1871), two World Wars and their aftermath, up to the late Cold War period when the question of how to frame Germany's modern history became a matter of public debate. By examining primary sources in English translation, critical historiography, and ethical perspectives, students learn not just the major turns in modern German history, but consider the ethical implications of revolutionary and revolutionizing movements and the ethics of history-writing itself. Students hone skills of interpretation and argumentation in writing and speaking. No prerequisites. Offered periodically. Counts toward German major, History major, German Studies concentration, International Relations concentration.


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This course begins with the Communist revolution of 1917 and traces the growth of the Soviet Union under Lenin, Stalin, and their successors. Students analyze the "crisis" of the Soviet system in order to explain why the last of the European empires collapsed in 1991. Language Across the Curriculum (LAC) course periodically available in Russian. Offered alternate years. Also counts toward Russian area studies and women's and gender studies majors, and business and management studies and women's and gender studies concentrations.


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This course explores a public-facing format for historical storytelling: podcasting. Students are trained in assessing podcasts as public history, then develop podcasting episode topics, conduct historical research, practice "writing for the ear", learn how to optimize sound recording and edit audio, and engage in peer review and iterative writing and audio editing processes. For the final project, students work together to produce a podcast of their own, from concept to final product.


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This course explores China across the tumultuous 20th century. Beginning from Qing late imperial China (mid-1800s-1911) through the reform period of the 1980s, students discuss the schools of thought that changed daily life in revolutionary China: fascism, nationalism, anarchism, feminism, socialism, and communism. Through close readings of primary sources in English translation, students investigate what constitutes revolution as a theory and practice in modern China, and how a revolution begins, continues, declines, and rekindles. Offered annually. Also counts toward Asian studies and Chinese majors and Asian studies and business and management studies concentrations.


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This survey of modern Japan from 1800 to the present examines the political transformation of the Meiji Restoration, the industrial revolution and social and cultural change, the rise and fall of party government, militarism and Japanese expansionism in World War II, the American occupation, and postwar social, political, economic, and cultural developments. Offered alternate years. Also counts toward Asian studies and Japanese majors and Asian studies and business and management studies concentrations.


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This course provides an overview of the key issues that face arts administrators. Topics addressed include strategic planning, budgeting, fund raising, audience development, and human resource management as each relates to the unique setting of the arts. Case analysis and guest speakers provide opportunities to explore application of key concepts. Offered annually. Counts toward business and management studies and film and media studies concentrations.


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This course is designed for students interested in learning more about a variety of therapeutic practices such as physical, occupational, speech, art, dance, yoga, aquatic, stroke, massage, and animal. Students will explore whether therapeutic service might be their vocational calling. The class includes lectures, discussions, case studies, speakers, and field visits. Open only to first-years and sophomores. Does not count toward Kinesiology major.


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This course presents the fundamental principles of exercise testing and prescription for both healthy and special needs individuals. Students explore techniques for assessing fitness and prescribing exercise using a variety of ergometers for improvement of health fitness parameters. Students also utilize case studies and laboratory experiences. Topics include health/medical histories, submaximal graded exercise testing, and assessment of strength, flexibility, pulmonary functions, and body composition. Offered annually. Also counts toward business and management studies concentration. Prerequisites: senior kinesiology major; BIO 143, BIO 243 and KINES 375.


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Lord Tennyson called Vergil the "wielder of the stateliest measure ever moulded by the lips of man." Students encounter that stately measure when they translate selections from Vergil's three major poems (Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid). Through discussion and readings, students also explore the development of Latin epic and Vergil's reception in later literature, art, and music. Depending on the instructor, students engage in at least one significant writing project, e.g., on poetic interpretation or literary translation. Offered alternate years in the spring semester. Also counts toward classics, ancient studies, and medieval studies majors. Prerequisite: LATIN 231 or equivalent.


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This course introduces students to the essential modeling techniques of formulation, implementation, validation, and analysis. Students engage in these areas by combining experiment, mathematical theory, statistics, and computation to better understand a wide variety of biological systems. Offered annually in the spring semester. Also counts toward neuroscience, public health studies, and mathematical biology concentrations. Prerequisite: MATH 126 or MATH 128, and familiarity with R programming (BIO 150 or STAT 172 or CS 125 or equivalent programming experience).


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Primarily for non-music majors, this course presents the fundamental materials of music and exposes students to the development of styles, ideals, practices, and technologies that provide context for listening with understanding. Through a study of landmark works from the 17th to the 20th century, students develop and practice listening techniques that sharpen critical perception and open the door to a fuller enjoyment of all styles of music. The ability to read musical scores is helpful but not required. Offered annually. Does not count toward B.A. music major or any B.M. music major.


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This course is a hands-on study of the science, aesthetics, history and current practices of electronic music. Creative projects include work with MIDI synthesizers and sequencers, as well as digital sampling and software synthesis. Offered alternate years during January Term. Also counts toward media studies concentration. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above.


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Continuing the study begun in MUSIC 241, students encounter the history and development of Western European music from ca. 1750 to the present and study the major forms, styles and representative literature of the Classic and Romantic eras and the 20th and 21st centuries. Offered periodically in the spring semester. Prerequisite: MUSIC 114.


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Participants prepare for performance of a one-act opera or opera scenes. Students receive coaching and performance experience through individual and group singing/acting exercises. The course culminates with staged and costumed public performances. Open to all students. May be repeated once. A class fee may be required. Offered periodically during January Term. Counts toward musical theater concentration. Prerequisites: two semesters of voice study or permission of instructor.


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Students examine scores and listen to a broad range of string etudes, solos, sonatas, concertos, and orchestral excerpts with attention to notable performers of the past and present. Through required readings, listening assignments, video viewing, discussion, and hands-on teaching, students engage with practical issues of teaching, repertoire selection for beginning and intermediate players, performance and basic studio management. Prerequisites: MUSIC 214 and MUSIC 141, or permission of instructor.


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Analysis is a course of discovery, using advanced tools of music theory to examine the ways in which great works of music are put together. Students examine principles of form and style and, using a range of analytical techniques, come to a deeper understanding of tonal music. The course focuses on Classical and Romantic literature, with some work in 20th-century tonality. Offered alternate years. Prerequisite: MUSIC 214.


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The Nordic countries consistently top the list of the best places in the world to live, but what values have supported this outcome? This course examines three core Nordic values--equality, social solidarity, and sustainability--in light of Lutheran and secular traditions. Students examine texts that reflect how these core Nordic values developed and the current challenges facing them. Offered annually. Counts towards the Norwegian and Nordic Studies majors and the Nordic Studies concentration.


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Students explore an interdisciplinary topic in language, literature, history, or culture through close reading, discussion, analysis, and interpretation of selected works, including theoretical texts. Recent topics include: Peace and non-violence from a Nordic Perspective, The Immigrant Experience: From Nordic to Contemporary Immigration to Minnesota, Nordic-American heritage, Social Welfare in the Nordic context. Taught in English. May be repeated if topics are different. Offered periodically. Some topics may count toward Norwegian major.


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This course examines how women writers from the Nordic region represent gendered identities and sexualities. Using a variety of texts from the nineteenth century to today, students learn how authors have challenged the socio-political role of women over time. Additionally, students investigate how authors make use of different literary genres such as dystopian writing, crime fiction, magical realism, or sci-fi to shine a light on gendered identities in society. Offered alternate years during the spring semester. Also counts toward Norwegian and gender and sexuality studies majors and gender and sexuality studies concentration. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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This synthesis course focuses on professional role development, nursing leadership and contemporary issues in nursing. Students gain the knowledge and skills in organizational systems leadership, quality improvement and safety that are needed to lead healthcare teams, coordinate patient care, and achieve patient outcomes. Offered annually in the spring semester. Also counts toward business and management studies concentration. Prerequisites: open to senior nursing majors only; NURS 312, NURS 315, and NURS 316 with grades of C or above; concurrent enrollment in NURS 317, NURS 319, and NURS 399.


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This contemporary public affairs course examines normative commitments and empirical evidence relevant to the workings of government, markets, and society as applied to contemporary issues. Possible topics include immigration, abortion, education, sexuality, medical care, foreign policy, income inequality and poverty, affirmative action, and responses to climate change. Offered annually in the spring semester. Counts toward public health studies concentration. Prerequisite: PACON 180.


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Valuing nature raises significant philosophical and ethical issues. This course considers the nature of animal life, the character and control of pollution, the conflict between preservationism and conservationism, corporate and governmental responsibility for the eco-crisis, the use of economic categories to assess wilderness areas and endangered species, the conflict between eco-holism and individualism, and the philosophy of wilderness management. Offered annually. Also counts toward environmental studies major (all emphases) and environmental studies and business and management studies concentrations.


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Markets are guided not only by economic goals but also by moral values of freedom, fairness, justice, and ideals of the good life itself. Through readings in economics and philosophy, this course explores the relationship between moral and economic values in the marketplace from the ancient world up to the present. Characteristic topics include the status of wealth in a virtuous life, fair trade, economic freedom, pricelessness, and the tension between public and private values. Offered annually. Also counts toward business and management studies concentration.


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Religion has played a crucial role in most major issues of American politics ranging from slavery, civil rights, prohibition, the criticism of capitalism, the affirmation of capitalism, abortion, same-sex marriage and the very place of religion in our public life. This course examines the ways in which religion and politics intersect in public opinion, campaigns, public policy, lobbying, court cases, political rhetoric, and the broader principles of American political culture. Looking at both quantitative and qualitative evidence, the course explores different theoretical explanations of the role of religion in American politics. Offered alternate years.


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Often controversial, foreign relations in the Western Hemisphere include not only the political and economic influence of the USA south of its borders, but how states in Latin America and the Caribbean interact with each other and with states and intergovernmental organizations around the world. Offered periodically during the spring semester. Also counts toward Latin American studies major and international relations and Latin American studies concentrations.


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A serious engagement with ancient political texts remains indispensable both as a contrast with our modern self-understanding and as a surprising continuity with questions we continue to ask. Students read and discuss prominent ancient political thinkers from a range of ancient cultures, such as Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, Mencius, Al-Farabi, and Augustine. Offered alternate years during spring semester.


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This course prepares students with tools for understanding how research studies in psychology are conceptualized, designed, and ethically conducted, and how data is analyzed, interpreted, and disseminated. Students apply this understanding in independent and small group research projects. In the process, students develop critical reading, thinking, and scientific writing skills. Students attend lectures plus one two-hour laboratory per week. Offered each semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major and statistics and data science and public health studies concentrations. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125, and STAT 110 or STAT 172 or ECON 260.


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This course explores the foundations of cognitive, achievement, adaptive, mood, personality, and forensic testing in psychology. Students will develop an understanding of the purpose of psychological testing and the ways in which it is used in practice, including which careers in psychology use what types of tests and the training required to engage in various forms of psychological testing. Students will practice administering, scoring, and interpreting bachelors-level appropriate psychological tests. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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This seminar explores current knowledge of mechanisms involved in behavioral responses to drugs of abuse at the systems, cellular, and molecular levels. The action of stimulant drugs, alcohol, and the opiates on reward pathways are discussed in terms of behavioral neurobiology, pharmacology, and gene expression. Consideration is given to the role of environmental cues and stress in relapse to drug-seeking both in animal models and human studies. Offered periodically. Also counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisites: PSYCH 230, plus PSYCH 238 or NEURO 239.


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This course examines several major theoretical perspectives on psychotherapy. Students review empirically supported treatments for specific clinical disorders, as well as "nonspecific" factors that affect the therapeutic process. Students explore ethical and legal challenges related to psychotherapy delivery, as well as multicultural and other diversity issues. Course format is primarily discussion-based. Offered annually. Also counts toward business and management studies concentration. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing and PSYCH 230, plus PSYCH 244 or PSYCH 247.


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This course explores the meaning and significance of Jesus Christ in major New Testament writings: the Gospels, the letters of Paul, Hebrews, Revelation. Students also examine the development of New Testament ideas about Christ in subsequent Christian tradition, both classical and contemporary. Offered annually. Also counts toward ancient studies major.


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This course examines theological and ethical aspects of Christian social responsibility. It examines the meaning and normative import of Christian faith for justice and love in relational spheres (politics, economics, marriage and family, gender relations). It also explores the ethical implications of central Christian doctrines (vocation, sin, grace, two kingdoms, creation). Issues raised include civil disobedience, use of lethal force, distributive justice, love and self-sacrifice, and gender roles. Offered periodically.


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Careful study of selected sacred texts provides students with the opportunity to learn and use various tools and methods of interpretation. Students increase their understanding of the origins, structure, use and interpretation of sacred texts in various religious communities. Specific texts and traditions vary. Students may repeat the course with different primary texts. Offered periodically. Also counts toward ancient studies major.


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In this course, students examine the rich intellectual history of the Russian Empire from its founding in 1721 to around 1850. In those years, no question was more urgent to Russian thinkers than the place of Russia in the world. Students explore the intellectual, spiritual, and historical currents that shaped this question through readings drawn from the debate between two opposing intellectual camps; the traditionalist Slavophiles and their reform-minded rivals, the Westernizers. Offered periodically during spring semester.


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This survey of Russian culture and civilization uses original Russian texts on history, the arts, religion, and education, as well as documentary films and selections from literature. The course fosters the acquisition of the language of Russian cultural and intellectual discourse. Offered annually in the spring semester. Counts toward Russian area studies major for students not simultaneously working toward Russian language major; also counts toward business and management studies concentration. Prerequisite: RUSSN 251 or permission of the instructor.


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Data with thousands of dimensions or columns is commonplace across multiple disciplines, including image analysis, natural language processing, genomics, time series, and recommendation systems. In this class students learn, understand, and apply principles and techniques to gain insights from high-dimensional data. Topics include clustering, principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling, non-negative matrix factorization, missing-value imputation for recommendation systems, topic modeling, word embeddings, object recognition using "eigenfaces", non-linear embedding techniques, multiple hypothesis testing, and false discovery rate adjustments. Prerequisites: MATH 220 and SDS 164


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This course examines the sociology of colonialism and the colonialism of sociology. The readings in this course use sociological concepts to understand the colonial legacy irrespective of geographical or temporal parameters and reflect on how sociology itself is implicated in the colonial legacy. The objective is to assay whether sociology can meaningfully render colonialism intelligible without being an instance of it and determine whether colonialism can be conceived outside of specific national instances. Offered periodically. Also counts toward international relations concentration.


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This class investigates death-related behavior from an American and cross-cultural perspective, seeking to understand patterns of social interaction surrounding and giving meaning to dying, death, and bereavement. Topics include: death meanings and anxiety, religion and death-related customs, the dying process, hospice as a social movement, biomedical issues, the funeral industry, death rituals, and the social understanding of the bereavement process. Offered periodically during January Term. Also counts toward family studies concentration.


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This course compares gender patterns and issues in various cultures around the world, such as Latin America, the Middle East, India, the U.S., and East Asia. How do cultural expectations for women and men vary? Why do some societies have more gender equality than others? How do economic and political change, including globalization, impact gender roles? How do U.S. and Third World feminism compare? Offered annually in the fall or spring semester. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies and gender and sexuality studies majors; and Africa and the African Diaspora, business and management studies, race and ethnic studies, and gender and sexuality studies concentrations.


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What is the role of language in our society? What is the impact of bilingualism in the U.S.? Students explore such questions from current Spanish socio-linguistics research. Through analysis of data, students examine issues of language contact, variation and change, language and gender, language and power, and/or language planning. May be repeated if topic is different. This course includes the study of at least one substantive literary work. Taught in Spanish. Offered alternate years. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and applied linguistics and race and ethnic studies concentrations. Prerequisites: SPAN 250 or SPAN 251 and SPAN 276.


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This course introduces students to the medium of graphic design as a method of enhanced communication. The course explores the design communication process including conceptualization, creative processes, terminology, and technology. Assignments introduce computer applications used in the graphic design profession as well as graphic design elements of typography, production, color theory, digital printing processes, and basic web design. Counts toward studio art and art history majors and management studies concentration.


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The department periodically offers courses on special topics. The specific title will be listed in the class and lab schedule when it is offered. Prerequisites to be determined by instructor.


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This course considers works of Japanese anime from the post-World War II period to the present. The course begins with an introduction to the language and theory of Anime Studies. In subsequent weeks, students watch and analyze a variety of anime genres. This course employs a comparative approach to the study of anime; each anime is paired with excerpts from germane works of philosophy or literature. All anime viewed for this course includes English subtitling. Counts toward Asian studies major and Japan studies, film studies, and media studies concentrations. FLAC component available.


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Students journey toward greater understanding of the human body through an integrated study of the structure of the body (anatomy) and how organs such as the brain, heart, and kidney perform their remarkable functions (physiology). The course is designed primarily for students intending careers in the health sciences. Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered annually. Counts toward exercise science major and neuroscience concentration. Prerequisite: BIO 143, or BIO 150 and BIO 227, or BIO 125, or CH/BI 227.


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This study of chemical stoichiometry, equilibrium, acid-base chemistry, coordination chemistry, and atomic and molecular structure supplies the fundamental background on which all later chemistry courses depend. It includes applications of equilibrium principles to acid-base chemistry. Students attend three classes and one three-hour laboratory each week. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: high school chemistry and physics. Students planning to continue in chemistry should consider concurrent registration in MATH 119 or MATH 120. Placement via online placement exam is required. The course cannot be taken in conjunction with or after credit in CHEM 121.


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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon, emphasizing the structures and mechanisms of reaction of these molecules. This course focuses on structure, nomenclature, and reactions of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds, including aspects of stereochemistry and spectroscopic identification of organic compounds. A full treatment of introductory organic chemistry requires subsequent enrollment in CHEM 248. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: CHEM 126, or CH/BI 227, or permission of instructor.


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This laboratory course introduces students to the synthesis and characterization of organic,organometallic and inorganic compounds and serves as a general introduction to green chemistry. Students purify the materials they produce by techniques such as chromatography and characterize them using optical rotation measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Students attend one three-hour laboratory each week. P/N only. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: previous or concurrent registration in CHEM 247.


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This course introduces students to the medium of graphic design as a method of enhanced communication. The course explores the design communication process including conceptualization, creative processes, terminology, and technology. Assignments introduce computer applications used in the graphic design profession as well as graphic design elements of typography, production, color theory, digital printing processes and basic web design. Counts toward studio art and art history majors and management studies concentration. Offered during summer.


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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon, emphasizing the structures and mechanisms of reaction of these molecules. This course focuses on structure, nomenclature, and reactions of aliphatic and alicyclic compounds, including aspects of stereochemistry and spectroscopic identification of these compounds. A full treatment of introductory organic chemistry requires subsequent enrollment in Chemistry 248. Prerequisite: Chemistry 126, or Chemistry/Biology 227, or permission of instructor. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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EnvSt 281 Sustainability in Higher Education ( ) – Paul Jackson Your student government committee recently proposed placing greater emphasis on sustainability at your university. A surprising response comes from a fellow student, "Just what do you mean by sustainability and how do you measure it?" In this class students examine the diverse approaches to sustainability across baccalaureate liberal arts institutions, and their understanding of sustainability as an expression of institutional identity, institutional and environmental based values, operating principles, metrics, and reported outcomes. Students explore the parallels, opportunities, and constraints present in the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment (ACUPCC), the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System (STARS), and in the Minnesota Green Step Cities Program. The context of Northfield, Minnesota, home to two baccalaureate liberal arts institutions and a Green Step City participant, provides an opportunity to explore local practice and decision-making.


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Students encounter the cultural history of Brazil through the lens of its music, focusing on the critical interdisciplinary study of Brazil's core musical traditions and how those traditions reflect Brazil's multifaceted historical and cultural narrative. Moreover, students explore how Brazilian musical productions have engaged in political and socio-cultural debates in order to negotiate Brazil's complex cross-cultural identity across time. Neither advanced musical training nor Portuguese language ability are required for participation in the course. Counts toward Latin American major and concentration. Offered during summer.


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Students read Pauline letters carefully for their major issues, such as apocalyptic, gospel, apostleship, Jew and Gentile, faith, Torah, community. Considering Paul in the context of his times and Paul in the context of later Christianity, students discuss topics such as Jews and Christians, men and women, creation, grace in Paul, and present-day experience. Prerequisite: BTS-B. Counts toward ancient studies major.


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Drawing the human form from life has been a mainstay in the training of artists since the Renaissance because of its unparalleled discipline in the training of the eye. Along with becoming better observers, students reach a personal understanding of the figure and an appreciation of its art-historical uses. Various media and techniques are explored as a means to understand the expressive possibilities of the figure. Prerequisite: ART 102.


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This course explores the roles of women as creators, subjects, and patrons of art. It helps students lean about how gender permeates culture and art. Specific topics vary. Each topic introduces a time period and place that has revealed much about gender and visual culture. Students work seminar-style yet at an introductory level for those new to art history or women's studies. Offered periodically. Counts toward women's and gender studies and art and art history majors and women's and gender studies concentration.


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This course highlights major visual arts movements within China over the last century, from the end of the imperial era to current times. Students look at a variety of issues: class and gender; China in the world art market, Chinese art past and present, and a variety of "isms" now seen as defining Chinese art. A major theme is to define "visual culture" in all its nuances. Counts toward media studies concentration.


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Immunology focuses on the structure, development and function of the immune system. The course explores the molecular and cellular basis of the immune responses. The application of immunological principles to allergy, autoimmunity, AIDS, transplantation, and cancer are included. Students attend lectures plus a two-hour discussion per week. Counts toward biomolecular science concentration. Prerequisite: BIO 227 and BIO 233, or CH/BI 227 and BIO 233.


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What made the last years of the Roman Republic and the early years of the Roman Empire "golden"? Students learn the answer by reading some of the finest Latin literature ever written, from epic to satire. They also do research with historical source materials. The course emphasizes the many ways in which ancient Rome has influenced and continues to influence Western culture. Offered alternate years. Counts toward ancient studies, classics, Greek, and Latin majors.


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Students examine how humans learn language as well as how they learn more than one language, as is the case for the vast majority of people living. Students also explore the factors that enable or hinder language learning and whether bilinguals are smarter. These are just some of the fascinating issues addressed in the course that combines study of theory, fieldwork-based analysis of learner language, and pedagogical considerations, including a focus on both English and World Langauge learners. The course includes an Academic Civic Engagement component with 10 hours of field experience. Offered annually in the fall semester. Required for ESL licensure and TEFL certificate; counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Through nonfiction, fiction, and poetry, students explore the complex relations between humans and the "natural" world. Students consider questions such as the following: What does it mean to be connected to a landscape? What is a sense of place? Students also reflect on how they and the writers they read put landscape into language. Counts toward American studies major, envionmental studies major (all emphases) and concentration. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Heroes, monsters, battles, and journeys - for over a thousand years, elements of epic poetry shaped ideas of what a good story should be. But with the modern age, the novel replaced epic as the most culturally revered literary form. Students explore how the novel draws upon as well as rejects the epic tradition, and how the novel reflects what we mean by "modernity" itself. This course ranges from Anglo-Saxon epic to modern and contemporary novels. Counts toward English major. Offered alternate years in the spring semester. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Students examine Germany’s successful sustainability initiatives and their roots in a long history of cultural values and scientific innovation. They study primary and secondary sources including interviews, journalistic articles, literary works, and films; these texts form the basis of students’ written and oral analyses. Drawing on diverse disciplinary perspectives, students gain transferable knowledge and skills for addressing complex international environmental concerns. Offered periodically. Counts toward German and environmental studies majors and German studies and environmental studies concentrations. Prerequisite: GERM 251, GERM 252, or permission of the instructor.


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Fascination with Napoleon has produced myriad interpretations of him and his historical significance. Was he a genius or did he "blunder to glory"? Was he the savior of the French Revolution or the first modern dictator? Did he reorganize the Continent as a conqueror or as the first modern European? Students use speeches, letters, and memoirs (his own, his supporters', his critics'); paintings and caricature (including his own propaganda); literature; state documents; and films to investigate the historical and the mythical Napoleon and explore how later generations (re)invent interpretations of the man.


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An overview of the evolution of Latin American societies since 1750, this course examines the consequences of independence, 19th-century economic imperialism, and 20th-century transitions to more urbanized, industrialized ways of life. Students examine major Latin American nations and compare their revolutionary and counter-revolutionary trajectories toward the establishment of authoritarian states. Foreign Language Across the Curriculum course available in Spanish. Offered periodically. Counts toward Latin American studies major and concentration and management studies concentration.


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This Interim course introduces students to the rewards and challenges of public and local history. As the title suggests, we will learn not only by studying but also by doing public history. Focusing on Northfield and Rice County at the beginning of the 20th century, we will work with the local and state historical organizations to develop materials for the wider public, including possibly a display, educational resources, and articles. We also will work to place these local histories in broader contexts, by studying migration and immigration, the history of childhood and schools, and Progressive-era America.


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This seminar covers the emergence and development of Roman civilization from the founding of Rome to the end of the Western Empire. Students explore such topics as the Greek and Etruscan legacy, evolution from republic to autocracy, the Augustan Age, Pax Romana, social and intellectual trends, the triumph of Christianity and Rome's final transformation. May be repeated if topic is different. Offered periodically. Counts toward ancient studies, classics, and Latin majors. Prerequisite: HIST 190 or HIST 204 or permission of instructor.


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This seminar focuses on the implications of studying Latin America, or the way in which different conceptualizations of this region have helped to shape Latin America as an object of study. Possible topics for approaching this question include the history of Latin American studies in the United States and the relation between scholarship on Latin America and U.S. policy in the region; Latin American responses to U.S. representations of the region; the production of images of lo indigena according to Western expectations; and indigenous cultures and globalization. FLAC option is often available. Offered alternate years.


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Students are introduced to modeling and mathematical optimization techniques (e.g., linear programming, network flows, discrete optimization, constrained and unconstrained nonlinear programming, queuing theory). Students use computers to explore these topics, but prior computer experience is not assumed. Offered annually. Counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisites: MATH 126 or MATH 128, and MATH 220; MATH 226 and/or MATH 262 recommended.


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This course covers partial differential equations from an applied perspective and emphasizes simple models involving phenomena such as wave motion and diffusion. Topics and techniques such as separation of variables, boundary value problems, Fourier series, and orthogonal functions are developed carefully. Mathematical computing is used freely. Offered alternate years. Counts toward neuroscience and mathematical biology concentrations. Prerequisite: MATH 230.


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This course presents a study of the historical development of jazz, from its roots in blues and ragtime at the "beginning" of the 20th century to the present, focusing on its principal forms and styles, its role in American culture, and contributions of major artists. Offered during Interim. Counts towards American studies and race and ethnic studies majors and race and ethnic students and Africa and the Americas concentrations.


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Students study and practice principles for singing in English and Italian with good pronunciation, enunciation, and expression. Course content includes phonetic analysis using the International Phonetic Alphabet and identifying and exercising the phonemic features of English and Italian through class performances and listening assignments. Offered fall semester 2016-2017 and alternate years. Prerequisite: two semesters of voice lessons.


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Students examine scores and listen to a broad range of string etudes, solos, sonatas, concertos, and orchestral excerpts with attention to notable performers of the past and present. Through required readings, listening assignments, video viewing, discussion, and hands-on teaching, students engage with practical issues of teaching, repertoire selection for beginning and intermediate players, performance and basic studio management. Prerequisites: MUSIC 214, MUSIC 241, and MUSIC 242 or permission of instructor.


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Students examine social, psychological and biological aspects of aging within the context of holistic nursing. Application of knowledge and skills using gerontological principles for prevalent health problems experienced by older adults is emphasized. The course incorporates instruction and feedback for developing oral communication through the practice of interpersonal communication skills. Clinical experiences focus on elder care in a variety of community settings. Counts toward the nursing major. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: open to junior nursing majors only; NURS 211; concurrent registration in NURS 311 and NURS 312.


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Building on the interplay between pathophysiology, pharmacology and the nursing process in NURS 314, this course will expand upon the holistic nursing care for ill patients of various ages. Students will utilize diverse roles of the nurse to manage the care of children and adults with complex abnormalities in the clinical setting. Counts toward nursing major. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: open to senior nursing majors only; NURS 314; concurrent registration in NURS 316.


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Public health nursing is informed by community needs and environmental factors focusing on health promotion and disease prevention. Through project management, students address the health needs of groups and communities utilizing group communication processes, teamwork, and collaboration. Students focus on utilizing community resources, identifying risk factors, and evaluating the impact on population health as related to current epidemiological trends. Counts toward the nursing major. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: open to senior nursing majors only; NURS 314; concurrent registration in NURS 315.


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This course examines American ideals and the tensions among them, ideals such as freedom, community, equality, democracy, justice, responsibility, and authority. The course analyzes the political, economic, moral, and religious dimensions of the debates and decisions that continue to shape American society. It considers classic founding documents, ideas that influenced the founders, and the major thinkers and events relevant to understanding the diverse range of models for government, markets, and society. Juniors and seniors only. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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It is a platitude that democracy is a triumph of liberal civilization. Yet critics have charged that democratic citizens are ignorant and ill equipped to understand complex policy issues. This course explores the moral justifications for democracy in light of major objections and investigates whether there is something genuinely virtuous about the kind of society it sustains. Students discuss sources in political philosophy, economics, and political science. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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A basic introduction to astronomy, this course concentrates on how we know what we know. Students explore questions such as "How do we measure the distance to a star?" and "How do we know the universe is expanding?" In addition to studying the solar system, stars, black holes, galaxies, and the history of the universe, students engage in observation using the department's telescopes. Offered every other year. Currently planned for 2017-18. Prerequisite: proficiency in algebra and geometry.


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How do states govern their economies and how does the international economy affect domestic politics? This course aims to answer these two interrelated questions by introducing students to theories of the politics of trade, finance, and investment; as well as contemporary debates on the role of economic organizations, regional trade agreements, migration, environment and inequality. The course approaches each topic by examining alternative theoretical approaches; students evaluate these theories using historical and contemporary evidence. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: prior course work in political science or economics useful but not required


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Political parties have traditionally served to organize the American electoral process but not to govern. Is their role changing? This course examines party organization, candidate recruitment, campaign strategies, the role of the media, election financing, and citizen participation. Counts toward American studies major.


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The political science research practicum provides a new opportunity to realize the college and department's commitment to undergraduate research. Students put research skills into practice by gathering and analyzing empirical evidence, and producing a substantive research project. With research topics varying from term to term, students develop methodological expertise surrounding a current problem in political science, and collect and analyze data to address the problem. Offered alternate years.


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Economic statecraft refers to states’ use of economic means to pursue foreign policy goals and political ends. This seminar provides students with advanced study of economic statecraft tools, which often combine economic rewards and punishments. Specifically, students explore when and how governments choose from their economic statecraft repertoire, and assess the effectiveness of the available tools, including but not limited to foreign aid, bilateral trade and investment, and economic sanctions. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: PSCI 220 and one course in the international relations subfield or permission of the instructor.


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The Bible begins with a story about the creation of the material world. It affirms the goodness of material things, of things like bodies, fertility, and food. But it also tasks humans with being responsible for rightly relating to material things, whether one’s own body or creation itself. This course will explore the diverse ways the Bible guides its reader into caring about these materially-rooted relationships. In short, we will read the Bible economically, understanding that economics means “the law of the household” that stresses the importance of just and sustaining practices towards all material things. To do so, we will look at issues such as wealth, sex, farming, gender relations, diet, and private property. We will reflect on the economic concerns of a diverse biblical world rooted in an agrarian economy, tracing the recurrence of themes such as oppression, idolatry, and poverty as problematic features of how humans relate to the material world.


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Students consider the present situation and future prospects of Roman Catholic theology through an engagement with the figures and events that have most deeply shaped Catholic theology in the 20th and 21st centuries. The course also examines recent Catholic views on the central topics of Christian theology, God, Christ, salvation and the Church, and the relationship of these views to Protestant ideas about the same issues. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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This performance course is designed to develop a student's understanding, analysis, and presentation of poetry, drama, and prose. Offered 2016-2017 and alternate years.


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An intimate connection grows between us and the places we call home. This seminar takes this connection as its starting point, investigating our private spaces and those we share, sometimes unwillingly, with strangers. To this end, we will discuss sociological studies about how we express ourselves in the spaces we inhabit, consider some of the philosophical connections between domestic spaces and the people we have the capacity to become, and theorize how and why a house becomes described as “haunted.” To help us investigate these topics thoughtfully, we will draw from literary nonfiction, history, sociology, literary criticism, philosophy, and journalism. These readings will come from both traditional academic sources as well as popular ones. Essays will include a close reading of a room, a researched argument about a supposedly haunted house, and a response to a philosophical argument about the power of spaces to shape who we are.


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Students trace and integrate the African-American and Euro-American dance traditions of the late 19th and 20th centuries and early 21st century, paying attention to their similarities and differences. The focus is on the theatrical dance genres of ballet, modern, and musical theater dance. Students also examine social dance as the predecessor of some theatrical dance genres. At the same time, the course attends to the economic, religious and social forces which have affected the development of dance in America. Extensive video examples supplement reading, writing and discussion. Attendance at appropriate concerts is required. Offered Spring Semester.


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This course will focus on the craft of writing, since such a focus provides clear criteria for evaluating our own and others' work without regard to personal taste. Further, this course is about first drafts and the revisions that follow, about process rather than product. (It is, in fact, this courses's view that product is merely a residue that the creative process leaves behind.) Finally, because we have a very short time to look at and try out a lot of different things, our prose writing will focus on very short works: micro-fiction, descriptions, character sketches, brief scenes, moments of dialogue.


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This course covers European history in the period of about 1000 to 1500. Topics include the medieval papacy, the Crusades and reconquest of Spain, towns and commercial life, the medieval monarchy, scholasticism in the setting of the universities, late medieval spirituality, and the crises of plague and warfare in the late Middle Ages, with attention given to women's roles in medieval society throughout the course. Prerequisite: History 190 recommended. Offered every second year.


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Latin was spoken in one form or another for more than two thousand years. This course focuses on authors and texts dating roughly from 300 to 1500 A.D. and emphasizes the role of Latin as the language of the Church and of the intelligentsia during the Middle Ages. Prerequisite: Latin 231 or equivalent. Offered in alternate years.


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This two-semester in-depth course addresses topics in classical and modern physics using algebra, geometry and some calculus. The course is well-suited for students of biology or chemistry or for those desiring a thorough introduction beyond the high-school level. Physics 124 takes up the Newtonian mechanics of point particles (motion, mass, force, torque, energy, momentum, and gravitation), Einstein's reexamination of space time (relativity), and nuclear physics. One laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Mathematics 120 or 121.


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This course presents a study of the historical development of jazz, from its roots in blues and ragtime at the turn of the cetury to the present, focusing on its principal forms and styles, its role in American culture and contributions of major artists.


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In this century of institutional development, national expansion and sectional conflict, Americans continued to define a national identity. Students probe the ways in which region, religion, race, ethnicity and gender inform individual and group contributions to the conversation. They also analyze how geographical expansion and ideas of progress influenced different visions and versions of America. Topics and texts include Transcendentalist writers, the Second Great Awakening, Black Elk Speaks, landscape painting and Western photography.


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Students in this course examine technology, the mass market and consumerism, and the increasingly complex relation between identity and material goods. They will also explore the images, institutions and stories of enviornmental, feminist and Civil War culture. Topics and texts include Yosemite national Park, Japenese internment camps, Adrienne Rich's poetry and prose, Freedom Summer, Las Vegas and the Mall of America.


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Students apply theories and methods of culture studies to a selected major topic in American culture. The course employs a discussion format, focusing on critical reading, analytic essays. Recent topics include Masculinity in America,California Dreams and The American Frontier. The course is offered Interim or Spring Semester. May be repeated if topics are different.


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This course undertakes an intensive study of a particular period or topic through the interdisciplinary perspective of American studies. This course employs a seminar format, with concentration on student research. Recent topics include: American Cultures, Mall of America, Disney's America,American Women of Color and Man and Nature. Offered Spring Semester.


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This introduction to art history surveys a European and American artistic tradition from the Renaissance to today. A chronological study of painting, sculpture, architecture, photography and other media teaches students about visual analysis, artistic excellence and the cultural and artistic heritages that have produced some of the finer art created from the Renaissance to the present.


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This course explores the fundamental principles of design, color and composition through the watercolor medium. Through advanced techniques, strong drawing and exploration of personal ideas, students develop a personal, expressive, visual language. Students are encouraged to move past trite and predictable solutions to seek alternatives, take initiative and celebrate creative risk-taking. Prerequisite: Art 111 and 112 (or 120), and 113 . Materials fee. Offered annually.


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This sculpture course introduces students to metal froming, shaping, fastening and brazing and welding, uilding upon concepts from the foundationcourse and presenting the next level of sculpture topics, issues and concerns. Both majors and non-majors discover an artand industrial process that has great artistic and practical application The course makes the use of hands-on instruction, readings, slide talks and discussion. Lab fee. Prerequisite: Art 114 (Mandatory); Art 111, 112, 113, 116(recommended). Offered annually. Spring Semester only.


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Emphasizing individual concepts, personal expression and strong composition, this course explores relief and lithography. Using large-scale, multicolor moveable block, collograph, wood or lino block techniques and lithography stones or aluminum plates in both black and white and color, students produce multiple images on one of the department's three presses. Students become familiar with the heritage of old masters as well as contemporary artists in printmaking. Prerequisites: Art 111 and 112 (or 120), and 113. Lab fee. Offered annually.


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This course explores the computer as a tool for creating visual images with movement and sound. Emphasizing concept development and creative expression, students investigate time-based software, including animation and video capture programs. The course introduces students to the work of traditional and computer animators. Prerequisites: Art 111 and 112 (or 120), or 115, or permission of the instructor. Lab fee. Offered annually.


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This intermediate level course assumes the student has a substantial understanding of ceramic processes, plus a good awareness of his or her own interests in the realm of ceramic expression. The instructor helps students focus their efforts by proposing specific areas of investigation. Prerequisites: Art 116 or 119. Previous studio experience in ceramics is accepted when approved by the instructor. Lab fee. Offered annually.


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This course surveys the diverse arts produced by people of African descent in the Americas (U.S. and the Caribbean), from the colonial period to the present. An examination of selected West and Central African cultural practices and art forms serves as a basis for understanding creative transformations in the African Diaspora. Important issues to be addressed include art and resistance, survivals and transformations, and ideas about race and the construction of beauty.


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This course introduces the history of Japanese art, offering a survey of major artistic developments from neolithic times to the present. Among the topics to be considered: funerary remains of the neolithic through Kofun eras; indigenous as well as imported religious traditions and their imagery; and the secular arts. Issues to be discussed include production and patronage, function, and borrowing and influence in the evolution of artistic works.


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This seminar explores methods by which art historians and curators analyze works of art. Students develop an advanced understanding of these methods by application of various methods to works of art, by examining historical factors surrounding principle movements in the study of art history and by engaging in lively class debates about them. Readings, discussions and presentations culminate in an independent research project that allows each student to find his or her own place in the discipline. Prerequisite: two upper division courses in art history. GE: ORC.


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This is a history seminar to help students understand the impact that the West and East Asia have had on each other from the beginning of sustained contact in the 16th century to the end of World War II. Students read about and discuss the impact of Christian missionaries, the economic role of trade and the political and military challenge of Western expansionism beginning with the Opium War. Prerequisite: Asian Studies 111 or permission of the instructor.


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This course highlights major visual arts movements within China over the last century, from the end of the imperial era to current times. We look at a variety of issues: class and gender; China in the world art market; Chinese art past and present; and a variety of "isms" now seen as defining Chinese art. A major theme is to define visual culture in all its nuances.


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This course explores contemporary biological issues related to health and the environment with the goal of fostering informed citizens prepared for current biological debates. As students learn the relevant biological principles in lecture and lab, focused class discussions address related issues. Specific topics will include emerging diseases, cardiovascular health, genetics and environmental dynamics. The course includes lectures plus one 2-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually.


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Students study the biology of organisms emphasizing the relationship of structure and function within an ecological/evolutionary context. Common requirements of all organisms are contrasted with the diversity of solutions displayed by the myriad of species alive today. Labs investigate form, physiology and behavior of selected organisms. Students attend lectures plus one 2.5-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. GE: NST-B, NSL. Prerequisite: Biology 125.


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Microbiology examines the morphology, composition, metabolism and genetics of microorganisms with emphasis on the bacteria and viruses. Students examine the dynamic impact of microbes on humans, the immune response and the role of microbes in the environment. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and Chemistry 121 or 125.


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Students focus on the natural history of Upper Midwest vertebrates and phylogenetic, morphological and functional relationships of these animals. Laboratories include identification, morphology and specimen preparation. During field trips, students document bird migrations, amphibian chorusing and other animal activities. Independent projects explore topics ranging from bluebird nesting behavior to thermal conductivity and insulation in animals. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. Prerequisites: Biology 125, 126.


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The course begins with an in-depth look at a plant cell and its physiology, followed by a discussion of whole plant physiology as it relates to cellular functions. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and 126, Chemistry 125 and 126.


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Molecular biology techniques are bringing about a revolution in understanding living organisms. Students study the structure and function of macromolecules, methods currently used to clone and analyze genes and new insights into basic biological processes which these methods provide. The course uses lecture and discussion topics with one project-oriented 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. Prerequisites: Biology 125 126 and 233.


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From tiny ion channels to the basis for learning, neuroscience is a rapidly developing area. Using texts, reviews and current literature, students examine in depth the fundamental unit of the nervous system, the neuron. The goals are to understand how neurons accomplish their unique functions: electrical signaling, synaptic transmission and directed growth and remodeling. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and progress towards a major in any of the natural sciences. GE: ORC.


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The important early discoveries in chemistry serve as a foundation for a broadly based study of the fundamentals of chemistry. This course pays particular attention to chemistry as it relates to the environment. Students attend three classes and one 3-hour laboratory per week.


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This course provides a sequential introduction to physical chemistry. Beginning with an introduction to statistical aspects of chemical equilibria, it explores the relationships between energy, entropy and equilibria (thermodynamics); oxidation-reduction reactions and electrochemistry; transitions between phases; and rates of reactions. Students attend three classes and one 3-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Chemistry 125, or 121 and 123, and Mathematics 119, 120, or 122 or permission of instructor.


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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon, emphasizing the structures and mechanisms of reaction of these molecules. The first semester focuses on structure, nomenclature and reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, including aspects of stereochemistry and spectroscopic identification of these compounds. The second semester delves into the chemistry of functional groups, especially those that play a role in the reactivity biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Prerequisite: Chemistry 126. Offered Spring Semester.


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These courses introduce students to the synthesis and characterization of organic, organometallic and inorganic compounds. Students purify the materials they produce by techniques such as chromatography and characterize them using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic methods. Students attend one 3-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisites: previous or concurrent registration in Chemistry 247 for 253, and 248 for 254. P/N only. Offered Spring Semester.


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This course builds depth of biochemical understanding upon the foundation laid in Chemistry 379. Contents include selected topics in catabolic and anabolic metabolism, integration and regulation of metabolism, photosynthesis and biochemical genetics. In addition, students will gain experience with the primary literature. Prerequisite: Chemistry 379. Offered Spring Semester.


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This course examines how modern theories of chemical bonding are applied to an understanding of the chemistry of the elements of the periodic table. Students explore chemical structures, reactions and spectra on the basis of molecular symmetry and group theory. Topics covered include chemical periodicity, acid-base systems, coordination compounds, organometallic compounds, nonmetal chemistry and cluster compounds. Prerequisite: Chemistry 248. Offered Spring Semester.


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The field of chemistry is constantly expanding into new frontiers and understandings of principles. This course provides an in-depth study of selected topics within the broad discipline of chemistry. Classwork includes comprehensive review of the literature and group discussion. Topics will be chosen based on student interest and available staff and will be announced prior to registration for the term. Prerequisites: permission of the instructor and junior or senior standing.


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This course offers an introduction to speaking, reading and writing Chinese, as well as mastery of basic grammar and command of 500 characters for reading and writing. Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required. Prerequisite: Chinese 111 or equivalent.


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Students continue to develop listening and reading comprehension and use of basic structures through speaking and writing. The vocabulary for reading and writing increases to 1,000 characters. Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required. Prerequisite: Chinese 231 or equivalent.


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Students journey back to the 5th century B.C., as the Athenians emerge triumphant from the Persian Wars and develop the "Golden Age of Greece. Studying the history, literature and art of ancient Athens helps students understand the uniqueness of that city-state and its lasting contributions to Western civilization. GE: HWC, ALS-L. Offered in alternate years.


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International dance classes emphasize dance in its varied cultural contexts. This course surveys dance from around the world with emphasis on European and Near Eastern forms.


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This course provides instruction in basic steps, rhythms and styling for tango, west coast swing and quickstep. Students learn advanced patterns in slow waltz. Emphasis is on styling and quality of movement. Prerequisite: Dance 106 or permission of instructor.


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This introduction to Rudolf Laban's system of movement analysis provides a framework for observing, describing and analyzing human movement patterns and understanding non-verbal behavior and communication. This course is appropriate for all students for whom movement observation is important to their career objectives, e.g. dancers, therapists, counselors, anthropologists, journalists, nurses and actors.


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Students trace and integrate the African-American and Euro-American dance traditions of the late 19th and 20th centuries and early 21st century, paying attention to their similarities and differences. The focus will be on the theatrical dance genres of: ballet, modern and musical theater dance. Social dance will also be looked at as the predecessor of some theatrical dance genres. At the same time, the course attends to the economic, religious and social forces which have affected the development of dance in America. Extensive video examples supplement reading, writing and discussion. Attendance at appropriate concerts is required.


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In this advanced analysis of principles and methods for creating dances, students will survey current trends in dance performance as well as choreograph new works. Prerequisite: Dance 231 or permission of instructor. Offered 2001-02 and alternate years.


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Government action affects us all. We pay taxes; we use public roads, schools and parks. Some prices we pay are lower due to government subsidies; others are higher due to taxes. Government actions influence both the efficiency of our economy and the equity and equality within our society. Students learn valuable analytical tools for evaluating public projects, tax policies, entitlement programs and voting behavior. Prerequisite: Economics 262, Statistics 263 or Mathematics 312, or consent of instructor. Offered annually.


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This course provides practical information specifically relevant to the field of visual arts and art education. Students learn basic concepts about child growth, developmental stages, learning styles and varied classroom approaches. They participate in classroom observations and practical applications of classroom activities, prepare units of instruction and micro-teach. Topics include arts advocacy, interdisciplinary instruction, assessment and teaching art history. Spring Semester only.


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This course prepares pre-service communication arts/literature teachers to share their love of the English language with secondary students. Attention is given to the theory and techniques of teaching speech, listening, media literacy, writing, literature and reading. In addition, students read adolescent novels, teach lessons in local schools, correct papers written by high school students and create a portfolio for a job interview. It should be noted that this new course title reflects a change in the Minnesota State certification guidelines for what used to be called the Teaching of English/Language Arts. Offered Spring Semester only.


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This course provides the basic professional knowledge and skills needed for successful entry into the field of modern language teaching. Through readings, class discussions and active participation in teaching situations, students become familiar with both the theory and the practice of language teaching and are introduced to the issues faced by the profession at large in the beginning of the 21st century. Spring Semester only.


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The goal of the course is to acquire the knowledge, skills, and understandings necessary to develop a K-5 music program. Each week the student observes a music teacher in a local school and then returns to teach that class using an approved plan. The course emphasizes current approaches such as those of Orff and Kodaly as well as intercultural and interdisciplinary learning. Spring Semester only.


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Prospective science teachers learn strategies for the practical application of learning theory to secondary school science classrooms. Topics include: the national science standards movement; active learning in the science classroom; lesson planning; teaching in the field and in the laboratory; managing a science laboratory; and continuing professional development. Spring Semester only.


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Students acquire the skills, knowledge and attitudes to become successful teachers in secondary social studies classroom. They identify and defend a philosophical position relative to the teaching of social studies and develop goals, outcomes and assessments which are logically consistent with that rationale. Students plan effective research-based methods of developing and implementing social studies curriculum. Spring Semester only.


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Students read and discuss children's literature from a variety of cultures and time periods. Beginning with world folklore and children's classics as background, students explore an array of picture books, poetry, fiction and nonfiction that exemplifies the best in fantasy, science fiction and realism for children and young adults. Special emphasis is given to two relatively new subgenres: multicultural literature and the contemporary problem novel.


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Students explore the histories, cultural patterns, religious practices, key institutions, gender issues, narrative styles and the significant contributions to our nation of an array of racial and multicultural groups. Such diverse writers as Leslie Silko, Chaim Potok, Amy Tan and Toni Morrison raise questions about voice and identity, both individual and collective.


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Through reading and discussion of a diversity of plays and through the study of dramatic events such as play-acting and ritual, students identify the characteristics of drama as a genre within a social context and discuss the plays as literary forms, as ideas and as performance. The course is appropriate for non-majors with broad interests. May be repeated if topics are different


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Students explore the works of major authors writing in English from around the globe, as well as their historical, social and geographic contexts.


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Students explore specific periods in American literature and examine the relationship between literary texts and movements and their particular cultural, political and historical contexts. Each offering of this course examines a different literary era and emphasizes specific literary and historical issues.


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This course focuses on important issues, images, authors and modes in an intensive study of racial and multicultural literature in the U.S. The scope of the course can include racial portraiture, sexual politics, field and factory experience, color and class status, and church and family institutions. Authors include such writers as Frederick Douglass and Maxine Hong Kingston.


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Students examine the work of a major British author. Through attention to life experiences, cultural contexts and the impact of history, the course offers students a rounded and complex understanding of a major author's literary achievement. Recent authors have included Chaucer, Milton, George Eliot, Joyce and Woolf. Because such study is intensive and requires background, students should have prior exposure to the author studied. Authors announced the previous spring. May be repeated if topics are different


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A capstone seminar for seniros in the major annd concentration, this course involves intensive sttudy of special topics utilizing student research projects and presentations and relying on the disciplinary expertise gained from their major and courses within the envornmental studies concentration. Often the topic is a local or regional enviornmental issue, providing partcipants with opportunities to interact with government and regulatory agencies and community groups. Prerequisites: Enviornmental Studies 137, senior status, or permission of the environmental studies directof and instructor. Offered Spring Semester.


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In this course, students study the contemporary American family as it meets the challenge of a changing social world. The primary objective is to enlarge both personal and intellectual understanding of the complex issues facing families. Students explore the range of behavioral sciences concerned with family life and study the interaction of people within families and of families within society.


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This capstone seminar required of all majors focuses on the major exploration of current research and the intgration of key foundation disciplines in the study of families. Students will explore topics through assigned readings and lecture material.


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Students read a variety of French literary texts, selected by the instructor. Taught in French, the course focuses on aspects of literary analysis, terminology, methodology and literary history. Students develop critical skills through discussion and analytical writing. Prerequisite: French 232 or 233, or equivalent.


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Students are introduced to contemporary French political, economic and social institutions and/or issues through close textual analysis of articles from the contemporary French press and other media (e.g., the World Wide Web, cinema). Students read, analyze, discuss and write in French on a wide variety of non-literary topics selected by the instructor. Taught in French. Prerequisite: minimum of one 250-level course (two recommended).


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This course pursues the expansion of Christianity throughout the Roman world and the synthesis of the Judeo-Christian and the Greco-Roman in the early Middle Ages. Students consider the development of a unified world view as expressed in religious devotions, philosophy, literature, and art and in monasticism and feudalism in Church and Empire. Students discuss works by Augustine, Benedict, Hildegard of Bingen, Aquinas, Dante, Chaucer and Christine de Pisan, medieval drama and the artistry of Chartres Cathedral.


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Revolutionary changes occurred in economics, politics, philosophy, aesthetics and women's roles at the beginning of the 19th century. Students consider the development of modern social and natural sciences and examine various attempts to restate the Western tradition in the face of continuing intellectual and social transformations. Students discuss Darwin, Marx, Freud, Nietzsche, Dostoyevsky, Woolf and King and the artistry of Beethoven, Ibsen, David and Picasso.


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This course examines ethical issues from perspectives that are contemporary expressions of or reactions to classic normative traditions covered in the two-year sequence of the Great Conversation program. Included among these perspectives will be one or more contemporary representatives of the Christian theological tradition. Among the possible ethical issues considered are political morality, sexuality, gender, matters of life and death (war, euthanasia, abortion), economic justice and environmental responsibility. Prerequisite: completion of Great Conversation 218 or permission of instructor required.


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Moves students from intermediate to advanced oral proficiency through the use of German TV, films and media sources. Focuses on higher-order functions such as paragraph-length narration, presenting opinions, group discussions and individual presentations, as well as dramatic readings, interviews, debates and conversations with native speakers. Taught in German. Prerequisite: German 232 or equivalent. Counts toward the German major. Open to non-majors. GE: FOL-G, ORC. Offered every Spring Semester.


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In this two-course sequence students learn the basics of ancient Greek. By studying the language's vocabulary, grammar and syntax, they not only gain appreciation for its intricacies and nuances but also learn more about their own language and about language in general. Completion of both semesters equips students to translate almost any ancient Greek text with the aid of a dictionary. Prerequisite: Greek 111 or equivalent. Offered annually.


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The New Testament is the most famous and most widely translated Greek text from antiquity. Students delight in reading one or more of the Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles or selected Pauline letters in the original language. Questions about the transmission of the text and about its theological implications provoke lively discussions. Prerequisite: Greek 231 or equivalent. GE: FOL-K. Offered annually.


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The primary texts for this course are Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the earliest recorded literature of Western civilization. Besides translating lengthy passages from one or both of these remarkable poems, students probe the characteristics of epic poetry and investigate current topics in Homeric scholarship. Prerequisite: Greek 231 or equivalent. GE: FOL-K. Offered in alternate years.


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This course surveys European history and culture since the Reformation. Topics include the impact of Protestantism, the development of nation states, the Enlightenment, revolutionary ideas and experiences, the Napoleonic era, imperialism, mass political movements and global warfare. Through original texts, historical studies, and literature, students explore relations among religions, states and societies and understandings of liberty and reason, natural environments, family life and gender roles. Offered most years.


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Adopting a comparative and chronological approach, students examine cultures and societies in Asia, India, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas since the Age of Exploration. Through original texts, historical studies, and literature, students explore encounters among different cultures, challenges to religion and traditional life styles, innovations in family and gender patterns, the rise of European hegemony and its impact on indigenous peoples. Offered most years.


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In this study of African Americans in the U. S. society from African origins to the present, students explore the African heritage, the experience of slavery, segregation, and the rise of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. The course pays particular attention to the issue of black nationalism as a force in American life. Offered most years.


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Students study the emergence and development of Greek civilization from the early Bronze Age through the Hellenistic period, concentrating on such topics as the Homeric Age, Greek colonization of the Mediterranean basin, Athens' evolution from democratic city-state to imperialist power, the Golden Age of Athens, social and intellectual trends, Alexander and the oecumene ideal. History 190 or 210 recommended. Offered periodically.


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This is a team-taught course in which students build on the process of perception and description encountered in Interdisciplinary Fine Arts 174, Exploring the Arts, examine interpretation and evaluation and begin the synthesis process, a major focus of the Senior Studies course. Students attend a variety of music, theater, dance and art events. Performance/exhibit fee required. Counts toward the major: Interdisciplinary Fine Arts.


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A culmination of the development of critical/analytical skills that facilitate and encourage the integrative focus of the major, this team-taught seminar is structured around a chosen theme, Critical Issues in the Arts in the Early 21st Century. Students select a creative research topic that explores the seminar theme from a specific perspective and integrates the four art forms. Performance/exhibit fee required. Counts toward the major: Interdisciplinary Fine Arts.


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This course is an introduction to speaking, reading and writing Japanese; writing includes the learning of all syllabic letters (Hiragana and Katakana) and basic Kanji (Chinese characters). Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required. Prerequisite: Japanese 111 or equivalent.


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Students continue to develop the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills that will enable them to deal not only with topics of daily life, but also cultural themes and authentic materials. Class meets four times week. Prerequisite: Japanese 231 or its equivalent. GE: FOL-J.


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In this two-course sequence students learn the basics of classical Latin. By studying the language's vocabulary, grammar and syntax, they not only gain appreciation for its intricacies and nuances but also learn more about their own language and about language in general. Completion of both semesters equips students to translate almost any classical Latin text with the aid of a dictionary. Prerequisite: Latin 111 or equivalent. Offered annually.


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Latin was spoken in one form or another for more than two thousand years. This course focuses on authors and texts dating roughly from 300 to 1500 A.D. and emphasizes the role of Latin as the language of the Church and of the intelligentsia during the Middle Ages. Prerequisite: Latin 231 or equivalent. GE: ALS-L, FOL-L. Offered in alternate years.


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The Romans claimed that satire was a literary genre of their own creation. Students are able to weigh the merits of that claim as they read selections from the wry and witty poems of prominent Roman satirists such as Persius, Horace, Martial and Juvenal. Prerequisite: Latin 231 or equivalent. GE: FOL-L. Offered every third year.


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Students work intensively in a special topic of analytic character. Topics vary from year to year and are usually selected from real analysis, dynamical systems or probability theory. Note: This course is a 200-level version of a Mathematics 382.


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This course covers basic enumeration, including generating functions, recursion, inclusion-exclusion, Polya theory, etc. Students also explore topics in graph theory and constructive combinatorics, time permitting. Prerequisite: Mathematics 252; some previous exposure to counting methods is helpful (e.g. Mathematics 262). Offered in 2001-02 and alternate years.


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Students work intensively in a special topic of an applied character. Topics vary from year to year and are usually selected from statistics, operations research or differential equations. May be repeated if topics are different.


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This course investigates the legal framework in which business enterprise is conducted, including personal rights and duties, contracts, sales, agency, negotiable personal rights and duties, negotiable instruments, bailments, personal property and corporate obligations and equities. Prerequisite: Economics 121 or 122 or consent of instructor.


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This course examines the importance of entrepreneurship, covering both the theory and practical aspects of the subject. Discussions focus on the paradigms of creativity and innovation, the relationship of liberal arts disciplines to the entrepreneur, the role of the entrepreneur in society and history, the risks and rewards of entrepreneurship and the elements of the entrepreneurial behavior in a variety of settings. Study concentrates on the entrepreneurial process from idea creation to ultimate business or other organizational activity. A leadership theme permeates these discussions. A variety of instructional techniques are used including group projects, guest presenters and practicing entrepreneurs attending the class. Offered spring semester.


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This course is an introduction to financial decision-making in a business environment. Topics include asset acquisition, issuance of stock vs. debt, dividend policy, planning and analysis and working capital policy. Case discussions, combined with lectures and readings, enable students to apply finance principles in actual business situations. Computer spreadsheets are used. Prerequisite: Management Studies 225. Offered Spring Semester.


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Neuroscience is one of the fastest growing fields, with activity ranging from the fundamentals of behavior to molecular aspects of neuronal function. This course will provide a foundation and overview of the important and extensive ways in which biological and physiological processes are involved in the regulation and maintenance of behavior. Among the topics we explore are: fundamental electrophysiology, sensory and motor systems, integration, learning and memory and the mind-body connection. CREDIT WILL NOT BE GRANTED FOR BOTH THIS COURSE AND PSYCHOLOGY 238. Prerequisites: Biology 125 OR Chemistry 121 (or 125) OR Physics 126 OR Psychology 125. Counts toward major: Biology, Psychology.


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Students continue developing proficiency in spoken and written Norwegian, increasing their vocabulary, improving grammatical accuracy and gaining experience reading and listening to authentic materials. Prerequisite: Norwegian 111, or equivalent.


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What comes to mind when you hear Norway mentioned? Is it lutefisk and lefse, Hardanger fiddles, beautiful costumes and rosemaling? This is a Norway that many 21st-century Norwegians would have a hard time recognizing. This course will focus on contemporary Norway, examining modern Norwegian society and politics against the background of tradition, looking at such issues as Norway as peace negotiator, its position as outsider in Europe and its evolving relationship to the United States. Offered during Interim. GE: ORC, HBS.


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This course is a continuation of the approach of Norwegian 231, in which authentic cultural and literary texts provide the basis for writing and discussion on topics such as health, work, Norwegian history, society, politics, environmental issues and minorities in Norway. Materials include feature film and a contemporary novel. Prerequisite: Norwegian 231, or equivalent.


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Students explore great works in Nordic literature from the medieval period through the 20th century, including mythology, sagas, folktales and works by eminent writers such as Holberg, Hans Christian Andersen, Ibsen, Strindberg and Hamsun. The focus is on literary development in its historical and cultural context. Readings, lectures, speaking and written assignments are in English.


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A study of Norwegian literature from 1890 to the present, this chronological overview places contemporary Norwegian literature in the context of historical, cultural and linguistic change and relates Norwegian literature to international trends. Lectures, essays and class discussion are in Norwegian. Prerequisite: Norwegian 253 or equivalent.


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Students analyze the plays of Henrik Ibsen in English translation using a variety of critical approaches. Students investigate ethical issues and themes in Ibsen's plays by examining the plays through the lens of ethics, using readings in ethical theory to better understand both the ethical issues and the plays themselves. Students will also study Ibsen's dramatic technique and the historical and literary context of his work. Prerequisite: completion of BTS-T.


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Students have the opportunity in this course to explore issues related to the care of individuals suffering from chronic and acute psychiatric disorders. Topics include a wide range of mental health problems such as major mental illness, substance abuse, depression and anxiety disorders. Students develop the roles of counselor and collaborator by working with an interdisciplinary team in providing care to patients in psychiatric settings. Clinical experiences emphasize the use of therapeutic communication, psychiatric assessment and interpersonal relationship skills. Prerequisite: Nursing 350. Taken concurrently with Nursing 384. Offered Spring Semester annually.


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This writing-intensive course explores the profession of nursing in relation to the health care system and legal, political and economic forces in society. Professional issues such as scope of practice, credentialing, nursing organizations, the image of nursing, research-based practice, educational preparation and lifelong learning are examined. Discussions, case studies and oral presentations help the student develop ethical decision making and critical thinking skills. Clinical experiences focus on providing nursing care to groups of adults with complex health problems in metropolitan health facilities. Prerequisite: Nursing 350. Taken concurrently with Nursing 360. Offered Spring Semester annually.


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This course offers an introduction/review of fundamental skills, rules and drills. Students focus on basic strategy in games playing.


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This course offers an introduction/review of fundamental skills and rules of volleyball. Students focus on basic strategy in games playing.


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Students study principles pertinent to prevention of injuries in sports and physical; treatment and care of minor injuries. The course utilizes both lecture and laboratory.


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Students study in-depth the physiology of exercise, covering cardiovascular and muscular adaptions to exercise and factors affecting performance, including body composition, environmental influences, training implications across gender and age and the assessment of fitness. The course includes a laboratory component. Prerequisite: junior standing and Biology 123, or consent of instructor.


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Students explore propositional and predicate logic developed in a philosophical context with attention to such issues as truth and knowledge in logic and mathematics, the existence of abstract entities, paradoxes, multi-valued logics and the use of logic in philosophy. Offered every year.


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Contemplating art in relation to aesthetic as well as religious and moral values, students address such issues as the nature of creation and creativity, the character of visual metaphor and the meaning of selected historical and contemporary works of art. While developing a more informed appreciation of aesthetic properties of art, students analyze major texts in philosophy of art and art criticism.


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Students examine feminist approaches to and critiques of aspects of contemporary culture that shape women's lives. These may include conventional morality, science, education, art, medicine, law, religion and social institutions such as marriage and political institutions. Students critically examine historical or contemporary philosophical views that underlie as well as those that challenge these institutions, including views of human nature, gender, rationality, knowledge, morality, justice and the value of autonomy.


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Valuing nature raises significant philosophical and ethical issues. Students consider the nature of animal life, the character and control of pollution, the conflict between preservationism and conservationism, corporate responsibility for the eco-crisis, the use of economic categories to assess wilderness areas and endangered species, the conflict between eco-holism and individualism and the philosophy of wilderness management.


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Students examine classical issues in ethics and theory of value: the nature of moral judgments; theories of moral obligation and value; the concept of moral responsibility; and the relation of morality to science, religion and law. Prerequisite: two courses in philosophy, one of which must be either 235 or 236, or permission of the department chair.


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Intended as a capstone course for the major, the seminar studies a selected topic, figure or movement in philosophy, with emphasis on student presentations in class. Consult department's prospectus for details. Prerequisite: upper level philosophy major or consent of instructor. Offered every year.


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Quantum mechanics has changed the conceptual framework and revolutionized our understanding of atoms and molecules, both isolated and in condensed states of matter. It also guides our understanding of the nucleus and elementary particles. This course examines these discoveries and several applications they produced. Prerequisites: Physics 228 and concurrent registration in Physics 245 and Math 230. Offered Spring Semester.


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This introduction to fundamentals of DC and AC circuit theory and the principles of semiconductor electronics includes detailed studies of bipolar and field-effect transistors and operational amplifiers. Students attend one laboratory period each week. Prerequisite: Physics 125 or 228.


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This course utilizes integral and vector calculus in a thorough and analytic examination of classical electromagnetic theory and the physical laws on which it is based. Topics include electric and magnetic fields, macroscopic interaction of electromagnetism with matter and the propagation of electromagnetic waves in various media. Concurrent registration for a 0.25-course lab (Physics 385) is required. Prerequisites: Physics 228 and 229, Mathematics 226 or 228, and 230. Offered Spring Semester.


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Seniors study topics of current interest, based upon presentation by staff, participants by staff, participants and visitors, library research and assigned readings. Prerequisites: Physics 374, 375, and 376. P\\N Only. Available on request.


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This course is an introduction to some of the central, interrelated concepts and questions of political theory. Some of the readings will be drawn from recognized classics in the field while others will arise from contemporary debates about political issues and cultural diversity within the U.S. The course will pay considerable attention to historical shifts in political thought but is not designed to provide a chronology of the great Western political thinkers. Instead, this course aims to provoke and sustain a semester-long exploration of what it means to be a political actor -- that is, a citizen -- and what it means to think about politics.


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Students survey the major traditions of ethical theory and their implications for public policy. Ethical theories are interspersed with case material throughout the course. The major focus is on the ethics of policy and the development of tools for the ethical assessment of policy alternatives. Applications range from health care, the environment, economic policy, welfare policy, education, affirmative action and crime.


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How do the peoples of Latin America participate politically? How do domestic politics interact with national and international economics? How do states treat challenges posed by migration and by desires for modernization and democracy in a context of authoritarian legacy and debt? Students examine how Latin American politics work, focusing on Mexico, parts of Central America, the Caribbean, the Andean Region and the Southern Cone.


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The Constitution is the sacred text of America's civic religion. The opinions of the Supreme Court, which form the assigned reading, are equivalent to sacred commentary. This course is the first half of a year-long sequence on the meaning of the Constitution as developed in the opinions of the Supreme Court and includes the topics: judicial review, separation of powers, federalism, contract clause and substantive due process. Prerequisite: Political Science 111, or permission of instructor. Offered annually.


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Focus includes information processing, learning and remembering speech, artistic, musical and athletic performance, invention and other forms of creativity. Students unlock the mind's mysteries using state-of-the-art scientific instrumentation, developing cognitive science knowledge and research skills. The course includes three hours lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: Psychology 125, Statistics110, 212 or 263. GE: NST, NSL. Offered every year.


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Students apply psychological facts and principles to the problems that permeate business and industry. Topics include organizational structure, personnel management, employee-supervisor relationships, job satisfaction and motivation, communication and leadership. Prerequisite: Psychology 125, Statistics 110, 212 or 263. Offered every year.


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Complex cognitive processes such as memory, language and spatial perception have a neurological basis. This course provides the opportunity to examine the relationship between human brain structures and their expression in cognition. Students examine cerebral asymmetry, head trauma, learning disabilities and aphasia. The course includes three hours lecture and three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. Offered each year.


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This course treats the major moments of theology by focusing on five or six important theological figures, movements or texts spanning ancient, medieval and modern Christian theology.


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The rise of political and liberation theology movements, the situations and issues to which they respond, theological formulations of political/liberation theologies and the relationship of these theologies to traditional Christian doctrines. Special focus on the relationship between the theological and political, nature of christology and redemption, images and role of God and understandings of human nature.


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This course explores the meaning and significance of Jesus Christ in major New Testament writings: the Gospels, the letters of Paul, Hebrews, Revelation. Students also examine the development of New Testament ideas about Christ in subsequent Christian tradition, both classical and contemporary.


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Students examine key texts in the Old and New Testaments with the aim of exploring the issues such writings pose for Christian theological reflection. In addition, they explore selected readings on the doctrine of scripture and language about God.


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Students read Pauline letters carefully for their major issues, such as apocalyptic, gospel, apostleship, Jew and Gentile, faith, Torah, community. Considering Paul in the context of his times and Paul in the context of later Christianity, students discuss topics such as Jews and Christians, men and women, creation, grace in Paul and present day experience.


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The interaction between Jews, Christians and their respective religions in historical and theological perspective. Considers basic features of Jewish belief and practice, past and present views of Jews and Christians about each other's beliefs, impact of Christian attitudes toward the Jews on the formation and development of Christian doctrines, relation between Christian theology and anti-Semitism and the possibilities for a new relationship between Christians and Jews.


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This class, surveying the general nature and assumptions of Hindu thought, focuses on the diversity of doctrines and practices within some of its major traditions. Students analyze selections from authoritative Sanskrit texts like the Upanishads and Bhagavad-gita, directing special attention to the central issues and developments in Hindu-Christian dialogue.


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Students examine contemporary Buddhist moral teachings on social issues such as violence and peacemaking, human rights and social justice and humanity and the environment. Coursework focuses on the writings of Vietnamese monk and peace activist Thich Nhat Hanh, Tibetan leader-in-exile Tenzin Gyatso (Fourteenth Dalai Lama), American ecologist Joanna Macy and others. Students consider the moral paradigms of Christianity and Buddhism: Christ and the Bodhisattva. Prerequisite: a BTS-T course.


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Students examine traditional and recent Christian views of conscience, as well as alternative views and criticisms from various normative perspectives. Considering philosophical theories, psychological views, feminist thought, political issues and literary texts, students explore difficult cases of conscience. Prerequisite: a BTS-T course.


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This course offers an introduction to grammar and reading through oral and written work, supplemented by reading of graded Russian prose. Prerequisite: Russian 111 or equivalent.


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Students continue their grammar, oral and written work with an emphasis on conversation and reading selections from classical and contemporary Russian authors. Prerequisite: Russian 231 or equivalent.


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This survey of Russian culture and civilization uses original Russian texts on history, the arts, religion and education, as well as documentary films and selections from literature. The course fosters the acquisition of the language of Russian cultural and intellectual discourse. Prerequisite: Russian 251 or special permission of the instructor.


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This course traces the development of Russian literature from the end of the 19th century to the present. A variety of genres will be studied, including the novel, the short story, drama, and lyric poetry. Major authors include: Chekhov, Akhmatova, Bulgakov, Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn and Nabokov. Taught in translation. No prerequisites.


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Since perestroika the Russian press covers a variety of topics that are both culturally and intellectually challenging. The goal of this course is to explore a variety of topics significant for Russian society and culture as well as to further develop the language of intellectual discourse through the treatment of complex issues in the press. Prerequisite: Russian 254 or special permission of the instructor. Taught in Russian.


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Focusing on present day Arab and Middle Eastern countries, the course will explore the role of the institutions of family and religion in maintaining continuity, while also identifying sources of change such as the colonial experience, regional and global interdependence, the social impact of oil, fundamentalist movements and the co-existence of traditional and modern values. Offered Spring Semester.


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Southeast Asia is a diverse region, stretching from the sleek high-rises of Singapore to hermetic Rangoon; from Islam to Buddhism; from computer chip manufacture to swidden agriculture. We will read ethnographies, novels and local histories to better understand Southeast Asian family life, religion, language and education. Through focusing on the experience of modernity, we will examine how Southeast Asians make sense of their group affiliations, their pasts and their futures. The course aims to challenge contemporary understandings of place, entitlement and home both in Southeast Asia and beyond. Offered Spring Semester.


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Hunters and gatherers, herders and agriculturalists who have developed successful strategies for utilizing natural resources while maintaining ecological balance are in danger of losing their ways of life. Deforestation, dams, pollution, global warming, desert expansion and population pressure -- the products of globalization and economic development -- are threatening the loss of invaluable cultural knowledge as well as sustainable adaptations. Students explore humans and the environment and the survival of indigenous peoples. Offered Fall or Spring Semester. GE: HBS, MCS-G.


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This course provides an overview of the major thinkers who sought to create a science of human society, the ideas they found fundamental to a science of society and how human society changes through history. Classical thinkers such as Marx, Durkheim, Simmel, Weber and Mead are studied along with the schools of theory which they inspired: positivism, interpretive and critical conflict theory. Offered Spring Semester.


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Students learn to design and conduct qualitative research in the tradition of sociological and anthropological ethnography. Students discuss theoretical approaches to ethnography and learn data collection methods through case studies and fieldwork assignments. Students use their own research to gain experience in interpreting field notes, doing analysis and writing an ethnographic interpretation of their research findings. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Offered Spring Semester.


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This seminar offers in-depth reading, writing and discussion on a selected topic from areas common to sociology and anthropology with an emphasis on contemporary analysis. Specific content will vary from year to year. The seminar is open to senior majors only. Offered Spring Semester.


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Affirmative action and welfare reform exemplify how society's values and needs translate into policies and programs. Social workers work for justice by creating, implementing and evaluating policies in income, employment, housing and child welfare. Students study policy formation and analysis that reflect interests and powers of diverse groups as well as economic and social needs of certain populations at risk, especially women, African-Americans, gay men and lesbians and Latinos. GE: HBS. Open to non-majors by permission of program director. Offered Spring Semester.


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Social work majors continue the "how-to" of generalist practice. They assess strengths and problems of diverse groups, organizations and communities and use the systems perspective to help an organization or community frame its goals and plans for social change. Students scientifically assess communities; meet community practice social workers; and develop plans for implementing change that are reflective, scientific, just and grounded in the liberal arts. Prerequisite: Social Work 254. Offered Spring Semester.


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Social work majors study scientific approaches to building knowledge for generalist practice and assessing effectiveness and efficiency of both individual practice and social service programs. Students learn to assess needs and progress, design case interventions, measure client satisfaction and assess program outcomes. They evaluate elements of practice with diverse clients and portions of programs with which they are familiar and apply ethical standards to scientific inquiry. Open to non-majors by permission of program director only. Offered Spring Semester.


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This capstone course is for senior majors. Students complete a project commonly assigned to a beginning level generalist social worker. Weekly seminars introduce auxiliary skills for beginning workers. Students discuss current social work issues and provide peer assistance with projects. Evaluation includes: a report of project results; analysis of decision-making in relation to theory, scientific findings, diversity and ethics; and assessment of demonstrated mastery of program outcomes. Prerequisite: Social work majors who have satisfactorily completed Social Work 380. Offered Spring Semester.


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Students examine and apply aesthetic principles involved in the performance of prose-fiction, poetry and drama. Offered every year.


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This studio course focuses on the techniques of acting and singing for the musical theater. Students learn the basics of voice, movement, improvisation and characterization in class exercises, prepared scenes, solos and duets. Offered Spring Semester only.


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A studio course focusing on the artistic decision-making process of stage direction, script analysis, directorial concepts, production designs and hands-on directing experience building on the skills developed in Theatre 232 (Beginning Stage Direction). Students direct a one-act play as the final project for the course. Offered Spring Semester only. Prerequisite: Theatre 232, 352, 270 or 271.


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This course studies and analyzes the concepts, principles and techniques of doing visual designs for stage performances, focusing on scenery and costumes. Students will complete design projects, drawings, renderings and scenic models. Course fee required. Prerequisite: Theatre 150 or 250. Theatre 253 Theatre Practicum in computer-aided design and drawing (CAD) recommended. Offered Fall Semester.


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An investigation into the relationship between theater and society by studying various issues in theater arts including censorship, funding, arts advocacy and arts education. Issues of contemporary ethical concern will be discussed and analyzed through a variety of historical and contemporary normative perspectives. Prerequisite: Theatre 110.


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This course provides an introduction to the cultural and historical background of four groups in the United States: African Americans, Native Americans, Latinos and Asian Americans. Emphasis is on race relations and the distinguishing characteristics of these cultures as reflected in the academic disciplines of the creative and performing arts, the humanities, the social and behavioral sciences and the general area of popular culture. Contributions to cultural pluralism are accentuated as well as the special issues of identity faced by these Americans. This course emphasizes literary texts. Counts toward American studies major and Africa and the Americas concentration.


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Through a sequence of architectural design projects, students learn drawing (hand drafting and computer-aided drawing and design) and architectural design processes that require the integration of social, artistic, technical, and environmental issues typical of real projects. Visiting architects are involved. Field trips to experience spaces/places augment the studio work. Prerequisite: Art 102 and Art 103 or equivalents or permission of instructor. Materials fee. Offered alternate years.


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This course focuses on the creative use of digital video. Students study all aspects of video production from concept to screening, including idea generation, pre-production planning, storyboarding, lighting, shooting, editing, and sound design. Additionally, students regularly screen, analyze, and discuss contemporary and historic video art and avant-garde films. Students produce short video projects with special emphasis on conceptual thinking and experimentation. Prerequisites: Art 104 or permission of instructor. Materials fee. Offered alternate years. Counts toward film studies and media studies concentrations.


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Students examine contemporary Buddhist moral teachings on social issues such as violence and peacemaking, human rights and social justice, and humanity and the environment. Coursework focuses on the writings of Vietnamese monk and peace activist Thich Nhat Hanh, Tibetan leader-in-exile Tenzin Gyatso (Fourteenth Dalai Lama), American ecologist Joanna Macy, and others. Students consider the moral paradigms of Christianity and Buddhism: Christ and the Bodhisattva. Prerequisite: completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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How do pilgrims, travelers and migrants make sense of their journeys in Asia? Students explore maps, histories, tales, and guides that define Asia today and in years past, including several classic Asian texts; study how cultural, linguistic, economic, religious, social, and political connections and divisions create and sustain communities in Asia; and plan related projects for their Interim course. Prerequisite: Chinese 112 or Japanese 112 or permission of instructor. Must be accepted into Asian Conversations program to register. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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In this core course, students study the mechanisms of evolution, the evolutionary history of biological diversity, and the diversity of life. The structure and function of organisms are compared within an ecological/evolutionary context. Key adaptations to survival are examined among organisms from bacteria and protists to plants, fungi, and animals. Labs investigate population genetics, phylogeny, form, and behavior of selected organisms and provide experience in experimental design and scientific writing. Students attend lectures plus one 2.5-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Biology 125 or Chemistry/Biology 125-127. The last offering of this course is Fall 2013.


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The study of the anatomy and physiology of the human body is founded on a thorough understanding of the structure and function of cells and tissues. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour lab per week. Nursing and exercise science majors may pre-register for this course. This course may not be taken after completion of Biology 125, Chemistry/Biology 227, or Biology 227, all of which serve as a prerequisite for Biology 243: Human Anatomy and Physiology. Offered in the fall semester.


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How do animals do what they need to do to survive in all sorts of environments? Why are others able to exist in only very particular conditions? These are the sorts of questions students explore as they navigate the basic systems that provide circulation, ventilation, movement, digestion, and waste removal. Students look at how these processes are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems and how they vary across the animal kingdom to help organisms survive in dry, hot deserts, in dark, deep oceans, and places in between. In the weekly three-hour lab, they conduct quantitative physiological measurements to assess functions such as temperature control, respiration rates, and salt and water balance. Prerequisites: Biology 150, or Biology 125 and 126, or Chemistry/Biology 125-227 and Biology 126. Counts as "comparative organismal biology" core category. Counts toward neuroscience concentration.


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This course traces the path of invertebrate evolution from single-celled protozoans to the most primitive chordates. Emphasis is placed upon major breakthroughs in design that enable organisms to exploit new ecological habitats. Laboratories are designed to introduce students to the major invertebrate groups via observation of living animals and through dissection. Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: Biology 150, or Biology 125 and 126, or Chemistry/Biology 125-227 and Biology 126. Offered alternate years. Counts as "comparative organismal biology" core category. Counts toward neuroscience concentration.


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This course begins with an in-depth look at a plant cell and its physiology, followed by a discussion of whole plant physiology as it relates to cellular functions. Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: Biology 227, or Biology 125 and 126, and Chemistry 125 and 126, or Chemistry/Biology 125-227 and Biology 126. Counts as "comparative organismal biology" core category.


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Students apply computational techniques and tools to the analysis of biological data. From mining large genetic sequence databases to simulating population dynamics, computer programming is rapidly becoming essential to the study of a broad range of biological systems. This course introduces computer programming to biologists and allows for the creative application of this skill to an array of biological questions, with an emphasis on advanced genetics topics. Prerequisites: Biology 227 and 233, or Biology 126 and 233. Offered alternate years.


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Molecular biology techniques are bringing about a revolution in understanding living organisms. Students study the structure and function of macromolecules, methods currently used to clone and analyze genes, and new insights into basic biological processes which these methods provide. The course uses lecture and discussion topics with one project-oriented three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Biology 233.


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This course focuses on learning modern field and laboratory methods to test ecological hypotheses. Students work on group and individual projects to collect and analyze data and give oral and written presentations on projects. Class periods focus on discussion of primary literature and project results. Class trips include visits to local natural areas. Students attend lecture/discussion plus one four-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Biology 261. Counts toward environmental studies major (natural science track).


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Immunology focuses on the structure, development and function of the immune system. The course explores the molecular and cellular basis of the immune responses. The application of immunological principles to allergy, autoimmunity, AIDS, transplantation, and cancer are included. Students attend lectures plus a two-hour discussion per week. Prerequisite: Biology 227 and 233, or Biology 125 and 233.


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This course introduces chemical concepts that are important for students pursuing a study of chemistry or biology. Topics include atomic structure, the periodic table, bonding interactions within and between particles, water and its solutions, biological membranes, chemical reaction types, chemical stoichiometry, equilibrium systems, acids and bases, introduction to protein structure. Examples are often pulled from the realm of biological molecules and processes. Students attend three classes and one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisites: high school biology, chemistry and physics. Placement via online placement exam is required. Concurrent registration in Mathematics 120 is recommended. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course provides a study of chemical stoichiometry and equilibrium at a level and pace appropriate to students with little or no background in chemistry. The combination of this course and Chemistry 123 (offered during Interim) provides coverage of topics equivalent to those in Chemistry 125. Students planning to continue in chemistry should consider concurrent registration in Mathematics 120. Students attend three classes and one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course focuses on handling data: visualization, finding patterns, and communicating with data. Exploration of fundamental concepts, including recursion, iteration, algorithm efficiency, loops, decision structures, encapsulation, and computing ethics. Students work individually and in teams to apply basic principles and structures to create programs that model graphical, mathematical, and scientific processes. Prerequisite: Calculus or consent of the instructor.


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This course offers students a structured descriptive survey of the organizational principles of computer hardware, emphasizing trade-offs among architectural choices and representative examples. Programming exercises explore how these topics relate to fine contrasting programming languages. Topics include virtual machines, overview of computer organization, forms of parallelism, machine-level implementation of programming language features, memory organization, digital logic, microprogrammed and RISC architectures, multi-core architectures, performance enhancements, assembly programming, and architecture of networks and their protocols. Prerequisite: Computer Science 121 or Computer Science 125 or consent of the instructor. Offered annually.


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This course examines the features of modern operating systems, including detailed consideration of Linux and other example systems. Projects range from system-level programming to kernel modifications. Topics include operating system principles, implementation as system calls, process scheduling and dispatch, inter-process communication, low-level memory management, device management, file systems, security and protection mechanisms, and scripting. Prerequisites: completion of or concurrent enrollment in Computer Science 241 and Computer Science 251, or permission of instructor. Offered alternate years.


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Students learn about formal languages, automata, and other topics concerned with the theoretical basis and limitations of computation. The course covers automata theory including regular languages and context-free languages, computability theory, complexity theory including classes P and NP, and cryptographic algorithms. Prerequisite: Computer Science 231 or Mathematics 244 or 252, or permission of instructor. Offered alternate years. Counts toward neuroscience concentration.


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An introduction to experiential anatomy using a range of physical movement and embodied awareness practices. Exploring the human body's structure and function provides the foundation for moving in healthy, expressive, and creative ways. Emphasis is placed on living with awareness in daily life as a foundation for more specialized performance activities such as dance and sport. Prerequisites: Dance 111 or 115, or permission of instructor. Offered annually in the fall semester. Counts toward biomedical studies concentration.


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This movement intensive class is a blend of the art and the science of the body in dancing. It integrates an artistic approach to moving with a physical experience that deepens awareness of the body in motion and enhances understanding of body structure and function. This class also links to the content and focus in Dance 201 The Body Moveable and Dance 301 Advanced Body Moveable. Prerequisite: Dance 111 or Dance 121 or Dance 210/211 or Dance 220/221, or permission of instructor. Offered each semester.


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The health care sector in the U.S. is undergoing rapid change that affects patients, providers and payers. Managed care and managed competition are restructuring the delivery of health care services and reducing costs, while frustrating physicians and patients. The course examines the economic factors leading to the changes, current issues and controversies, and federal health policies. Students interested in nursing, medicine, and the sciences are encouraged to enroll. Prerequisites: one of Economics 110-121 or permission of instructor. Offered most years.Counts towards American studies major. Counts toward biomedical studies concentration.


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This course addresses the institutions that comprise modern monetary systems and the influence that these systems have on levels of income, output, employment, and prices in market economies. Monetary theory and monetary policy, including both the nature of our central bank and the role that it plays in our monetary system, are also addressed in some detail. Prerequisite: Economics 261 and Statistics 263 or Statistics 272 or permission of instructor. Offered annually. Counts towards American studies major.


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The goal of the course is to acquire the knowledge, skills, and understandings necessary to develop, implement and assess a general music program for grades 5-12. Required field experience component. Prerequisite: Education 330, 355. Offered annually in the first half of the fall semester.


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Since the 19th century, immigrants from Asia and the Pacific Islands have formed communities whose writing has expressed their shifting role as Asian Americans in the culture and economy of the United States. This course provides a multi-genre overview of Asian-American literary traditions in socio-historical context and pays attention to current concerns such as diasporic displacement, gender, intergenerational conflicts, sexuality, transnationalism, and U.S. militarism. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered alternate years.


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Students explore the histories, cultural patterns, religious practices, key institutions, gender issues, narrative styles, and significant contributions to our nation of an array of racial and multicultural groups. Such diverse writers as Leslie Silko, Chaim Potok, Amy Tan, and Toni Morrison raise questions about voice and identity, both individual and collective. Prerequisite: FYW. Counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration, American studies major, and Africa and the Americas concentration.


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This course examines the process of literary development in English during two consecutive and contrasting movements: the Neoclassical (1660-1780) and Romantic (1780-1840) periods. Students read the works of representative and important writers from both periods, including Pope, Swift, Austen, Wordsworth, Blake, Shelley, Emerson, Douglass, and others, and examine the development of styles, conventions, and forms in English, Irish, and American literatures. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered periodically.


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The 20th century was a period of great achievement in British and Irish literature, as demonstrated by the work of James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot, and Samuel Beckett. This course examines the famously innovative work of poets, playwrights, and novelists active during the first half of the century. It then considers postwar writing and the challenges that this literature offered to the ideas and practices associated with modernism. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered annually.


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Chicano/a identity is perhaps one of the most misunderstood racial/ethnic identities in the United States. It encompasses many possible identities--such as Latino, Hispanic, and Mexican-American--while remaining politically and culturally distinct in its intended meaning. Students explore the history behind constructions of Chicano/a identity as expressed through Civil Rights Movement (post-1964) literature and politics, with the intention of demystifying the contentious sterotypes surrounding this community. Students read works by 3-4 major Chicano/a authors. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered alternate years. Counts toward race and ethnic studies and Latin American studies concentrations.


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This course introduces students to the complicated relationship between philosophy and literature from any period between the 16th-century to the present day. Students learn about the intersection of ideas that fall under the general category of "modernity" and explore how selected philosophical views influence American and/or English literary works from the Renaissance to the contemporary period. Students gain an understanding of modern philosophies by learning how to incorporate interdisciplinary theories when engaging in literary analysis. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered alternate years.


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Students explore what it means to be literate in an age of new media by reading critical scholarship and comparing the ways they read, interpret, and learn from digital texts, such as fan fiction websites, social media, and video games, to ways they read, interpret, and learn from printed media (e.g., books, poems, or plays). In their final, digital project, students critically examine the use of new media to make humanities scholarship more "public." Prerequisite: FYW. Offered alternate years. Counts toward media studies concentration.


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In this course students read and write contemporary poetry intensively and explore the writer's craft. Students peer-edit each others' writing. Prerequisites: FYW and at least sophomore status.


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Students learn the techniques of screenwriting, including how to write a treatment, to create backstories, and to break down scenes. Each student produces and revises a narrative screenplay. Prerequisites: FYW and at least sophomore status. Counts toward film studies concentration.


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Students examine the work of a major British author. Through attention to life experiences, cultural contexts, and the impact of history, the course offers students a complex understanding of a major author's literary achievement. Recent authors have included Milton, Dickens, George Eliot, Joyce, and Woolf. Because such study is intensive and requires background, students should have prior exposure to the author studied. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisites: English 185 plus at least two English courses at level II, or permission of the instructor. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term.


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Students analyze from a broadly cultural view the political, religious, and intellectual debates of Chaucer's day as reflected in his greatest work, the Canterbury Tales. Students examine the Canterbury Tales through the lens of ethics, using readings in ethical theory to better understand moral questions, Chaucer's poetry, and ourselves -- as interpreters of literature and moral agents. Prerequisites: English 185 plus at least two English courses at level II; completion of BTS-T; or permission of the instructor. Counts toward medieval studies major.


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This course provides a comprehensive research opportunity, including an introduction to relevant background material, technical instruction, identification of a meaningful project, and data collection. The topic is determined by the faculty member in charge of the course and may relate to his/her research interests. Prerequisites: Determined by individual instructor. Offered based on department decision. May be offered as a 1.00 credit course or .50 credit course.


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This American environmental history course explores the social construction of nature in the 20th century, looking at the roots (both natural and cultural) of contemporary environmental issues. To figure out what nature means to us now, students study the history of stuff, the culture of grasslands and lawns, the changing character of the city and the country, the nature of the suburbs, the conservation and preservation movements, different energy ecologies, the nature of TV, the contemporary environmental movement, and alternative ecological practices. They also use the St. Olaf campus as a case study of environmental design. Offered annually. Counts toward American studies major.


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Remote sensing and GIS are increasingly used to address basic and applied questions in the environmental sciences and a host of other disciplines. Students survey available remote sensing image types and learn to process (ground-truthing, GPS, scanning, digitizing) and interpret remotely sensed images. They also learn theory and practice of geographic information systems (basic cartography and spatial statistics). A weekly three-hour laboratory is required. Prerequisites: Environmental Studies 137 or a level I course in biology, chemistry, or physics. Offered annually.


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This seminar-style course develops students' abilities to reflect on Americans' encounters with their landscape traditions. Students study ways Americans have built on the land and have worshipped and represented nature in paintings, photographs, and advertisements. Students learn to read landscapes to discover how artistically, religiously, and ecologically important the landscape tradition has been in the United States and to become thoughtful viewers and creators of landscapes. Counts toward major: Art, American studies, art history, and environmental studies. Counts toward concentration: American studies and environmental studies. Offered annually.


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Students analyze mechanical principles in depth as they affect human motion. Topics include study of muscular and skeletal systems, skill analysis, and motion measurement techniques. The course includes a laboratory component. Prerequisite: Biology 143 or consent of instructor. Offered every year. Counts toward biomedical studies (available to students through class of 2016) and neuroscience concentrations.


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This course presents the fundamental principles of exercise testing and prescription for both healthy and special needs individuals. Students explore techniques for assessing fitness and prescribing exercise using a variety of ergometers for improvement of health fitness parameters. Students also utilize case studies and laboratory experiences. Topics include health/medical histories, submaximal graded exercise testing, and assessment of strength, flexibility, pulmonary functions, and body composition. Prerequisites: Biology 143 and 243 and Exercise Science Theory 375. Offered annually.


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Students explore a particular period or century through examination of selected literary and non-literary works within their socio-historical and cultural contexts. Coursework includes discussion, analysis and interpretation of representative works. Sample topics: "19th-Century French Literature," "La Belle Epoque," and "20th-Century French Literature." May be repeated if period is different. Taught in French. Prerequisite: minimum of one 250-level course (two recommended).


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Students examine narrative texts, such as short stories, novel excerpts, and other fictional works, including film, with respect to plot and characters, relationships and themes, narrative strategies and structures. Weekly writing assignments offer practice in narration, extended description, as well as expressing and supporting an opinion about the texts and the ways they engage their respective times. The course is designed to teach writing strategies and includes basic and advanced grammar review, as needed. The final project is a short paper written in German. Taught in German. May be counted toward German major or German studies concentration. Prerequisite: German 232 or equivalent.


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Students examine a major period of German history and its impact on the institutional, intellectual, and artistic heritage of Europe. This course involves close reading and analysis of primary sources as well as critical evaluations of the period and focus on history as an interpretive reconstruction of the past. Sample periods include: the Reformation, Weimar Classicism, the German revolution of 1848, post-1945 Germany, and post-unification. The course emphasizes strategies for writing papers in German. Taught in German. May be counted toward German major or German studies concentration. Prerequisite: German 251 or German 252. May be repeated if topic is different.


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This course surveys the history of France since 1815 and considers, across the arc of five republics, two monarchies, two Napoleonic empires, and one authoritarian regime, what it means to be French. Organizing themes include the revolutionary tradition and the notion of republicanism, industrialization's impact on society, the transformation of France in response to two catastrophic world wars, and contemporary challenges such as austerity and immigration. Foreign Language Across the Curriculum course available in French. Offered most years.


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This seminar covers the emergence and development of Roman civilization from the founding of Rome to the end of the Western Empire. Students explore such topics as the Greek and Etruscan legacy, evolution from republic to autocracy, the Augustan Age, Pax Romana, social and intellectual trends, the triumph of Christianity and Rome's final transformation. Prerequisite: History 190 or 204 or permission of instructor. May be repeated if topics are different. Offered periodically. Counts toward ancient studies major.


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This third-year-level course aims to increase the knowledge of Japanese people, language, and society by comparing with students' own cultures in their target language. Various authentic "texts" (images, video clips, written texts, etc.) support student learning. Prerequisite: Japanese 232 or equivalent.


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In this fourth-year-level Japanese course, students explore a specified topic or theme in language, in various text/media (literature, newspaper, manga, and films), in culture/civilization, or in a combination of these, through close examination of texts (written or visual), discussion, analysis, and interpretation of selected materials. Sample topics include "Best Sellers and Film Adaptations" and "Haiku and the Concept of Nature." May be repeated if topics are different. Taught in Japanese. Prerequisite: Japanese 302 or equivalent.


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Third-semester Latin students have the opportunity to read large portions of two orations (First Catilinarian, Pro Caelio) by Cicero and selections from Catullus' poetry, in uncut, original versions, while reviewing vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. Besides translating the Latin texts, the course discusses late Republican Rome and the stylistic features of the literature. Prerequisite: Latin 112 or equivalent. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course covers partial differential equations from an applied perspective and emphasizes simple models involving phenomena such as wave motion and diffusion. Topics and techniques such as separation of variables, boundary value problems, Fourier series, and orthogonal functions are developed carefully. Mathematical computing is used freely. Prerequisite: Mathematics 230. Offered in 2013-14 and alternate years. Counts toward neuroscience concentration.


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The main topics of this course are measure theory on the real line, the Lebesgue integral and its relation to the Riemann integral, and convergence theorems for the Lebesgue integral. Applications to probability and harmonic analysis may be included. Prerequisite: Mathematics 244. Offered in 2013-14 and alternate years.


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First-semester music majors begin formal musicianship studies. Students perform basic melodies and rhythms at sight, and notate dictations of basic rhythms, melodies and harmonic progressions. Students also analyze and compose Western tonal music employing the rubrics of rhythm and meter, pitch, intervals, scales, tertian chords, inversions, harmonic progression, and SATB voice leading. Co-requisite: Music 161 Piano Class 1 (or placement into a higher level of keyboard proficiency). Offered annually in the fall semester.


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Students learn basic performance practice on core instruments in each instrument family. Additional topics include: common performance issues and their possible solution; Best Practices in teaching and learning core instruments of the family; and technology for teaching, learning, or composing for instruments as appropriate. Prerequisite: permission of instructor required for students not majoring in theory/composition or music education. Offered fall semester 2013-14; thereafter annually in the spring semester.


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Intended for all theory/composition and instrumental music education students, this course introduces the practical fundamentals of orchestration. Students learn about instrument ranges, nomenclature, proper notation, characteristics of orchestral and band instruments, transposition, and scoring for various instrumental combinations including full orchestra, concert band, and marching band. Prerequisite: Music 114 and sophomore standing. Recommended: Music 166, 167, 168, 169, or equivalent experience. Offered fall semester 2013-14 and alternate years.


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To deepen awareness and understanding of performance music, and to gain tools to produce textural interest in composition, students study the contrapuntal techniques of composers from the Renaissance, Baroque, and Modern periods including Palestrina, Bach, and Barber. Prerequisite: Music 214. Offered fall semester 2013-14 and alternate years.


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Students survey the solo art song repertoire of Germany, Italy, and Spain. The course highlights the significant features and development of the art song, and provides context, approaches, and resources for studying this literature. Course work includes in-class performance. Prerequisites: Music 214, 241, 242, or permission of instructor. Preferred prerequisites: Music 263, 264. Offered fall semester 2013-14 and alternate years.


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Intensive study of musical literature between 1750 and 1900. The course begins with the development of the Viennese Classical School (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven) and continues with European trends in Romantic opera, Lieder, symphony and chamber music (from Rossini through R. Strauss). Prerequisites: Music 241, 242. Offered fall semester 2013-14 and alternate years.


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This course focuses on critical issues in contemporary health care. Topics include principles of wellness, health promotion, sensory perception, interpersonal communication, cultural competency, and legal, political, and economic aspects of the health care system in the United States. Students have the opportunity to explore health care issues, such as genomics, bio-terrorism, and global health problems. Taken concurrently with Nursing 304, 306, and 308. Offered annually in the fall semester. Counts toward biomedical studies concentration.


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This course explores the foundational and philosophical concepts of the discipline of nursing. Topics include the history and image of nursing, scope of practice and professional roles, ethics, research, and lifelong learning. Students develop the ability to assess an individual's state of health from a holistic perspective, using Neuman's Systems Model as a theoretical framework. Emphasis is on the use of critical thinking and evidence-based practice. Taken concurrently with Nursing 302, 306, 308. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course focuses on principles of pharmacology and care of the hospitalized adult including communication skills. Topics include pain management, sleep and rest, diabetes, antiinfectives, and perioperative care. Students apply the nursing process to the care of adults, with emphasis on the elderly. Using a holistic perspective, students collect and analyze information related to a individual's health status. Students begin to develop the professional role of caregiver and patient advocate. Clinical experiences are provided in a variety of settings serving adult and elderly populations, as well as in simulation. Taken concurrently with Nursing 302, 304, 306. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course explores the childbearing process in healthy and high-risk families. Clinical experiences are provided with families during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and following birth. Clinical settings include hospital birth centers, clinics, simulation, and home care agencies. Students develop the role of educator by working with parents to integrate and care for a new member of the family system. Prerequisite: Nursing 336. Offered annually in the fall semester. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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This course emphasizes the health of communities and populations. Topics include population-based health issues such as environmental health, epidemiology and communicable diseases. Students assess and screen individuals and families within communities, address identified needs and educate populations across the lifespan, collaborate with other health care professionals, make referrals, and participate in health promotion clinics. Clinical experiences occur in rural public health agencies, community-based programs, and simulation. Prerequisite: Nursing 336. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course surveys the origins and development of ancient Greek philosophy from the Presocratics in the 6th century BCE through Plato and Aristotle in the 4th century BCE. Students read and analyze primary texts in translation in order to examine the historical foundations of philosophical issues in cosmogony, natural philosophy, metaphysics, epistemology, logic, psychology, and ethics. As time permits, the course may include writings from one or more of the Hellenistic schools of Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics.


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Physics 232, the third course in the three-semester calculus-based sequence, explores special relativity, waves and oscillations, and the quantum mechanics of light and matter. There is one 2.5 hour laboratory meeting per week. Prerequisites: Physics 131 or permission of instructor, and concurrent registration in (or previous completion of) Mathematics 220. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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The course examines continuity and change in Russian political culture. The institutions and politics between the Soviet and Post-Soviet periods under the leadership of Yeltsin and Putin are explored. The course considers Russia as an energy-exporting state. The varied political developments of former Soviet republics in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia are compared and contrasted. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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Mexicans dying to enter the U.S. Moroccans dying to enter Spain. Europeans reluctant to accept Turkey's EU bid out of fear of more migrants. Britons worried that migrants fuel terrorism. Headlines worldwide draw attention to transnational migration. This course covers explanations of entry control policy, integration and citizenship policy, and the political activities of migrants in the wealthy democracies. Alternative arguments emphasizing the role of economic interests, sovereignty, national identity, and gender are introduced. This course can count for comparative politics subfield. Prerequisites: Political Science 220 and one course in the subfield.


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This is an advanced course in the area of political thought. The topic, a detailed study of either major works or themes in political philosophy, varies with each offering. Prerequisites: Political Science 220 and one course in the subfield.


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Students apply psychological facts and principles to the problems that permeate business and industry. Topics include organizational structure, personnel management, employee-supervisor relationships, job satisfaction and motivation, communication and leadership. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. Offered periodically.


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Cognitive neuroscience investigates the biological bases of higher order cognition and complex human behavior (or more simply put, how the brain enables the mind). Discussion topics include the methodologies of cognitive neuroscience, perception, attention, learning, memory, language, executive function, emotion, development, social cognition, and consciousness. Prerequisites: Psychology 230, or Psychology 238 and Neuroscience 239. Offered annually. Counts toward neuroscience and linguistics concentrations.


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This course examines ethical issues raised by travel as well as the ways that various ethical perspectives address these issues. Students consider the ethics of pilgrimage in world religions, tourism and its critics, Christian perspectives on intercultural travel, issues raised by study abroad, and theories of ethical travel in relation to ecotourism, sustainability, service, and other ideals. Prerequisite: BTS-T. Offered annually.


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This course provides a critical analysis of the development of Christian thought in the Middle Ages and Reformation, 11th through 16th centuries. Particular attention is paid to the great theological systems of the Middle Ages and to the theological aims of the 16th-century reforming movements, drawing upon readings from Anselm, Aquinas, Bonaventure, Luther, Calvin, and others. Prerequisite: BTS-B. Counts toward medieval studies major.


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How might the Christian ethical systems that have dominated western culture look different if women's experiences and perspectives had been more centrally included? This course focuses on the continuities and contrasts between traditional Jewish and Christian ethics and the feminist and womanist ethical challenges to them which have emerged over the last quarter century. Prerequisite: completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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As an overview of the variety of belief systems and ways of life, this course explores ethnographic case studies of Native American groups from the major culture areas of North America north of Mexico. Topics addressed in this course include language families, social organization systems, ecological and economic adaptations, material culture, religions, and revitalization movements. This course will also examine the impacts of colonial encounters upon Native American cultures. Offered every other year in the fall or spring semester. Counts towards American studies major and race and ethnic studies major and concentration.


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This course compares gender patterns and issues in various cultures around the world, such as Latin America, the Middle East, India, the U.S., and East Asia. How do cultural expectations for women and men vary? Why do some societies have more gender equality than others? How do economic and political change, including globalization, impact gender roles? How do U.S. and Third World feminism compare? Offered annually in the fall or spring semester. Counts towards race and ethnic studies major and concentration and Africa and the Americas and women's and gender studies concentrations .


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Students explore special topics in statistics. Topics vary from year to year. May be repeated if topics are different. Offered periodically.


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Humans relate to one another in families, groups, organizations, and communities. Through social systems, cross-cultural, strengths, and other theoretical perspectives, students apply prerequisite and advanced content material from biology, sociology, and psychology to assess situations encountered by social workers. Diverse examples are drawn from literature -- Love in the Driest Season, The Color of Water, A Poison Stronger than Love and from students' autobiographies. Prerequisites: Sociology 121, Psychology 241, and Biology 123 or 243; open to non-majors by permission of chair only. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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Social work majors study the methods and skills of social work practice, particularly intercultural communication. They describe strengths and problems of diverse individuals and families; frame goals and plans for change utilizing the planned change process and the systems perspective; and use ethical decision-making, informed by the scientific method, grounded in the liberal arts, and concerned with social justice. Students demonstrate learning in videotaped role playing and have an agency interviewing experience. Prerequisites: Social Work 221 and concurrent enrollment in Social Work 246. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course immediately precedes (Social Work 380): Field Practicum. Students integrate principles and skills of culturally competent assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation with diverse clients -- individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. They roleplay diverse practice situations and articulate implications of social policy for cross-cultural practice Brief immersion opportunities in diverse communities are included. Additional fee. Prerequisite: Social Work 261. For senior majors only. Offered annually in September.


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In this "real world" experience, social work majors complete at least 400 hours in a rural or urban agency with structured learning about generalist practice with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities from diverse backgrounds. Students engage in professional responsibilities with careful guidance and supervision from the field supervisor and the field coordinator. Students attend a weekly evening seminar to integrate classroom learning, share experiences, and obtain support. Prerequisite: Majors who have satisfactorily completed all foundation and required courses with numbers below 380. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This studio course focuses on the fundamentals of stage direction. Students develop skills of play selection, audience analysis, text interpretation, working with actors, stage picturization and blocking, design considerations, and the process of casting and rehearsals. A primary focus is on developing a point of view about theater and directing by the study of other directors and theories of theater. Prerequisites: Theater 110 or 180, 115 or 130 or 131, and 140. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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The design and production of lighting and sound in theater, dance, music, and general presentation work plays a significant role in the experience of these events. This course introduces the production problems of lighting and sound and includes design projects in both lighting and sound. Course fee required. Open to all majors and non-majors. Prerequisite: Theater 140 is recommended. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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Examines theatrical activities, from theater's origins to 1700, from three interrelated perspectives: 1) theater as social history; 2) theater as dramatic literature; and 3) theater as performance (the result of creative decisions made by playwrights, actors, directors, and designers). Prerequisite: Theater 110 or 180 or permission of instructor. The schedule of when this course will be offered is located in "Theater Curriculum" at the Theater Department website. Counts towards ancient studies and medieval studies majors.


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This course guides English language learners through the conventions of U.S. academic culture and discourse with emphasis on liberal arts education. Students practice reading, writing, speaking, and listening to develop skills and confidence in college writing. The course also includes extensive discussion of academic integrity and responsible use of information. Students must pass the course with a grade of C or higher in order to enroll in Writing 111. Offered fall semester only. Requires concurrent enrollment in Writing 109 in fall 2013-14.


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See http://www.stolaf.edu/offices/registrar/descriptions.html
First-Year Writing, taken during the first year, equips students for effective writing in the liberal arts and introduces writing as a means of learning. The course is taught in multiple sections that explore a variety of topics. In all sections, students write frequently in a variety of genres, with emphasis in writing expository essays. One or more assignments require research. As part of the writing process, students revise their writing and meet individually with course faculty to discuss their writing.


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Students trace and integrate the African-American and Euro-American dance traditions of the late 19th and 20th centuries and early 21st century, paying attention to their similarities and differences. The focus is on the theatrical dance genres of: ballet, modern and musical theater dance. Students also examine social dance as the predecessor of some theatrical dance genres. At the same time, the course attends to the economic, religious and social forces which have affected the development of dance in America. Extensive video examples supplement reading, writing and discussion. Attendance at appropriate concerts is required.


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This methods course introduces pre-service teachers to instruction, curricula, and assessment that characterize teaching for meaningful learning of social studies by elementary school children. Ancillary to the course are content, activities, and products of fine arts for elementary pupils, integrating the study of society with peoples' dance, art, music, and other forms of cultural identity.


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This methods course introduces pre-service teachers to theory, practice, and methods associated with developing reading/language art skills in elementary pupils. It includes an emphasis on teaching to pupils of diverse socio-economic backgrounds and cultures. This course continues the study of Education 322: Teaching of Reading K-6 and Education 321: Teaching of Reading 5-12.


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This course focuses on evidence-based reading and differentiation strategies that can be used across the curriculum by secondary teachers. Needs of the struggling reader and readers with special needs are addressed along with assessment, evaluation, communication, and intervention design. Required 10-hour field experience. Prerequisite: Education 290 or permission of instructor.


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Students read and discuss children's literature from a variety of cultures and time periods. Beginning with world folklore and children's classics as background, students explore an array of picture books, poetry, fiction and nonfiction that exemplifies the best in fantasy, science fiction and realism for children and young adults. Special emphasis is given to two relatively new subgenres: multicultural literature and the contemporary problem novel. For more information on this course please refer to: http://www.stolaf.edu/depts/english/courses/index.html


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This course provides students with the opportunity to gather insights and develop skills in the writing of creative prose, poetry and/or drama. Literary selections are often used as models and discussions of craft set the stage for the workshopping of student writing. For more information on this course please refer to: http://www.stolaf.edu/depts/english/courses/index.html


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Summer Session I, 2006 - In this course we'll read recently published novels from around the world that have compelling plots as well as those important philosophical, psychological, spitrual, and familial questions that face humans no matter where they live. Writers include Jonathan Lethem, Arundhati Roy, Barbara Kingsolver, Jhumpa Lahiri, Sue Miller, Nick Hornby, Zadie Smith, and Jonathan Safran Foer. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FALL 2007 - Students explore various forms of prose, including fiction and creative nonfiction. Each instructor selects different material to be studied and emphasizes various aspects of the form. Topics can range from the 18th-century novel to African American autobiography. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- May be repeated if topics are different.


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Students begin to learn German through listening, speaking, reading, and writing about topics familiar to them (their personal biographies, family, daily life, interests). Regular language lab activities and the occasional singing of German songs aid in acquiring good pronunciation and listening skills.


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Students continue to explore life in German-speaking countries, supported by cultural readings, films and other authentic materials that help students develop vocabulary and inspire them to advance their writing and speaking skills. Taught in German, the course includes a review of selected grammar topics. Prerequisite: German 231 or placement by test.


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This course surveys women's experience in American life from the colonial period to the present. Students examine the changing economic, social, and legal status of women, society's attitudes towards women, and the growth of a women's movement.


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An interdisciplinary approach to war and peace, this course incorporates the dual perspective of philosophy and history. Students study various ethical arguments as shaped in different cultures. Examples are drawn from ancient Athens, medieval Christendom, Asia, Islam, and the modern West; ethical topics include: pacifism, utilitarianism, divine command ethics, natural law theory, feminism, and cultural relativism. The course begins with warfare as treated in the Bible and concludes with nuclear terrorism.


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This course introduces differential and integral calculus of functions of a single real variable, including trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives and integrals are explored graphically, symbolically and numerically. Applications of the derivative are included. Prerequisite: Mathematics Placement Recommendation. C


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This course is intended for non-majors. Students encounter selected mathematical topics demonstrating the scope of mathematical inquiry, its "unreasonable effectiveness," and its connections with other disciplines. Not open to first-year students.


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Students learn fundamental music materials and a perspective of music history as well as develop techniques of listening to aid in the critical perception and fuller enjoyment of the musical art. The course has a required activity fee. Generally offered in the Spring Semester. No activity fee for this course during summer school.


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The study of counterpoint is a way of understanding more completely the compositional techniques of great composers as well as developing one's own fluency in writing music. Students learn advanced contrapuntal techniques in Renaissance, Baroque, and 20th-centry styles, studying the works of such composers as Palestrina, Bach, and Barber. Prerequisite: Music 214.


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What distribution of wealth and the rewards from work and the possession of productive property is just? Are we entitled to economic support simply because we are members of society, or should we accept impoverishment as the just consequence of failure in the market? Students examine Christian and non-Christian ethical traditions from Europe and America which are devoted to answering these and related questions.


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The student is introduced to the study of relationships between the brain and behavior which lie at the heart of modern neuroscience. Study of the brain and behavior from anatomical, physiological and biochemical perspectives will focus on neural factors which contribute to basic behavioral processes including sensation, movement, emotion, sleep and arousal, motivation, learning and behavior abnormalities. Prerequisite: Psychology 125.


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This course helps students explore the connections between society and their own lives. Students answer challenging questions such as "Do we have a 'human nature'?," "Why does social inequality exist?," "What is race?," and "How do societies change?" In answering these questions students learn to develop a sociological imagination. In doing so they review the various research methods and theories that form the sociological tradition.


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This course provides a social science understanding of the "contemporary American family" and analysis of marriage and family issues from a cross-cultural perspective. Students discuss issues of dating and mate selection, marital and parent-child relationships over the family life cycle, gender issues, work and family roles and problem-related issues affecting families (divorce, violence and death) caused by rapid changes in society.


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This course introduces students to the medium of graphic design as a method of enhanced communication. The course explores the design communication process including conceptualization, creative processes, terminology, and technology. Assignments introduce computer applications used in the graphic design profession as well as graphic design elements of typography, production, color theory, digital printing processes, and basic web design. Offered periodically. Also counts toward management studies and media studies concentrations. Prerequisite: ART 104 or permission of the instructor.


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The Indian Church, which claims the apostle Thomas as its founder, is the "home base" for this historical exploration of Christianity from the apostolic age to the present. The course considers Christian teachings about God and Jesus, biblical interpretation, worship, response to social, political, and cultural practices through encounters between Indian Christians and other churches. The multiple religions of India, its colonial experience, and its contemporary society areessential context. Offered periodically. Counts toward Asian studies and religion majors and Asian studies concentration. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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Students pursue guided fieldwork experience in the United States. Activities and readings in this course build on the topics from ASCON 210 and three semesters of language study. Students reflect on the experience of Asians in America through readings, site visits, and ethnographic observations. Students develop projects and follow a process of inquiry that will help them understand how ordinary people construct "Asian" culture and society today. Offered during Interim as needed. Counts toward Asian studies, Chinese, and Japanese majors and Asian studies concentration. Prerequisite: ASCON 210.


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This course explores major aspects of language use that reflect Japanese culture and society. Issues covered include the characteristics of the Japanese language, loan words, regional differences, politeness, gender differences, and communication styles. The course is taught in a combination of lectures, class discussions, subtitled Japanese films, anime (Japanese animation), and student presentations. Knowledge of Japanese helpful but not necessary. Readings, lectures, and discussions are all in English. Offered alternate years. Also counts toward Japanese major and linguistic studies concentration.


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Human health is affected by the biological environment, a teeming world of parasites and diseases, and the physical environment -- the water, air, and landscapes that we inhabit. Human interactions with the environment have changed rapidly, as human populations grow, travel increases, and ecosystems are altered. This course touches upon traditional environmental topics such as air and water quality, and integrates newer public health challenges such as emerging diseases and food-borne illnesses. Offered periodically. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: an introductory science course.


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Issues of women's biology including views of the evolving female and biological determinism are examined. Core material covers anatomy, development, the biological basis of gender, reproduction, sexual response, the menstrual cycle and aging, and aspects of women's health such as eating disorders, cancers, and hormonal treatments. Students participate in significant amounts of group work and oral presentation. The course is open to both men and women. Offered during Interim. Also counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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Why do biologists do what they do? How is biology actually done? Students investigate the reasons biological science is done the way it is today. Includes laboratory component. Students have the opportunity to design and perform their own experiments while learning the process of scientific investigation. Designed primarily for non-majors. Offered during Interim.


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Students examine water from a scientific perspective -- chemical, physiological, ecological -- and delve into the historical, political, economic, and social implications in Morocco -- a country of diverse cultures and biotic zones from two oceans, mountain ranges, and the driest of dry deserts. Students learn through readings, lectures, student presentations, and field trips. This class is suitable for any student with sophomore standing. Bio 150 OR ENVST 137 highly recommended. Offered during Interim. Apply through International and Off-Campus Studies. Also counts toward environmental studies major (natural science elective) and Middle Eastern studies concentration.


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Molecular biology techniques are bringing about a revolution in understanding living organisms. Students study the structure and function of macromolecules, methods currently used to clone and analyze genes, and new insights into basic biological processes which these methods provide. The course uses lecture and discussion topics with one project-oriented three-hour laboratory per week. Also counts toward biomolecular science and neuroscience concentrations. Prerequisite: BIO 233.


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Teams of science, engineering, nursing, and economics students research the potential for commercialization of a novel medical technology. Students gain experience with medical procedures, market research, the FDA approval process, financial analysis, the health insurance industry, business ethics, intellectual property law, and human subjects research ethics. At the end of this practicum, students write a business plan and deliver a professional presentation of their recommendations to staff at the partner company, investment group, or medical organization. Offered annually during Interim. Prerequisite: permission of instructor.


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Today, countries from Uruguay to South Korea to the United States all proudly claim to be "democracies." In this class, students investigate the dawn of democracy in ancient Athens to understand democracy's origins and what "rule of the people" meant to the Greeks--something radically different from modern political systems that claim the same title. Students read and discuss ancient sources (in English translation) and experience Athenian democracy for themselves through a historical role-immersion game. Offered periodically during Interim. Also counts toward ancient studies, Greek, and Latin majors.


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This course introduces students to the wild and wacky world of ancient Greek and Roman comedy. It traces the development of the genre with discussion of how the plays were produced in antiquity and what influence they wielded on the drama of later centuries. Students read works by Aristophanes, Menander, Plautus, and Terence and stage selected scenes. Offered periodically during Interim. Also counts toward ancient studies, Greek, and Latin majors.


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In this course, students examine how schools and communities in the Twin Cities interact to provide support and developmental opportunities for school-age children. Through lectures, readings, discussions, field trips, and in-school and co-curricular placements, students gain an understanding and awareness of how race, class, ethnicity, national origin, and gender shape the complex character of urban youth and schools. Students spend one week in orientation activities on campus and two weeks in the Twin Cities. During the time in the Twin Cities, St. Olaf students participate as tutors and classroom assistants during the school day and then assist in various after-school and community programs. The last week of Interim is spent back on campus discussing the experience. P/N only. Preference given to first-year students but all students may apply. Offered during Interim. Apply through the Education Department. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration.


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This course provides full-time placement in a school setting for students wanting to explore a career in teaching or gain greater understanding of teaching as a profession. Directed by host teachers, students may observe, assist within the classroom, tutor, teach, coach, attend faculty meetings and functions, and meet with school personnel. Students attend weekly seminars and complete assigned readings and reflective writings. Offered alternate Interims, odd years. Counts as the Interim requirement for the non-licensure and TEFL certificate education concentration. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: EDUC 260 or EDUC 290.


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This program provides an opportunity for students to gain direct teaching experience by serving as an intern for a teacher in a Minneapolis/St. Paul public school. The Interim will heighten students' sensitivities to the complexities of multicultural, urban education and provide exposure to models used to foster educational and personal success in diverse student populations. On/off-campus orientation will be followed by four weeks of full-time work in a classroom with a host teacher and participation in weekly seminars with the college instructor. Reading assignments, reflective journals, and guest speakers will complement the experience. Fulfills EDUC 382: Human Relations requirement. P/N only. Offered during Interim. Apply through the Education Department by Oct.15. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration. Prerequisites: EDUC 330 or permission of instructor.


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Students examine various heroic and trickster figures as manifested in post-colonial literature from Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, both oral and written, and seek to understand what basic human needs and realities these figures express and fulfill. Offered periodically. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and Africa and the African Diaspora and race and ethnic studies concentrations.


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In addition to the traditional practices of literary study, cross-disciplinary courses include materials from at least one other academic discipline, requiring students to compare and combine disciplinary perspectives in literary analysis. Examples of courses taught under this heading might include Literature and Politics; Religion and the Novel; Philosophical Approaches to Literature. May be repeated if topic is different. Prerequisite: FYW.


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This course gives students a hands-on opportunity to develop their use of writing strategies and technologies appropriate to workplaces. Course themes include workplace practices, professional ethics, technology resources, promotional resources, and writing on behalf of an organization. Students create individual and collaborative projects including employment documents, proposals, brochures, memos, and other professional genres. Through case studies, readings, and/or client-based projects, students analyze writing practices in a range of professional settings. Course fee for document production. Offered periodically. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Students explore the Greek and Hebrew legacies in Roman society and in the New Testament, discussing various attempts to find personal fulfillment in political life, in stoicism and Epicureanism, and in the teachings of Christ and St. Paul. Students read works by Cicero, Horace, Virgil, Epictetus, the writers of Christian scripture and study the artistry of Roman portraiture. Offered annually during Interim. Counts toward ancient studies major. Prerequisite: GCON 113.


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This practical course provides information needed for informed decision making in major areas of personal finance, including budgeting, basic tax planning, insurance, investments, major purchases and retirement planning. Offered during Interim. Does not count toward the finance or management area of emphasis within economics major, or the management studies concentration.


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Designed for students with little or no background in music, this hands-on course presents the fundamental materials of music through creative keyboard experiences, music listening, music reading, and aural and visual analysis. Students gain a basic introduction to the piano and to music notation and music theory. Offered during Interim. Does not count toward B.A. music major or any B.M. music major.


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This course is a hands-on study of the science, aesthetics, history and current practices of electronic music. Creative projects include work with MIDI synthesizers and sequencers, as well as digital sampling and software synthesis. Offered during Interim 2018-19 and alternate years. Also counts toward media studies concentration. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above.


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Participants prepare for performance of a one-act opera or opera scenes. Students receive coaching and performance experience through individual and group singing/acting exercises. The course culminates with staged and costumed public performances. Open to all students. May be repeated once. A class fee may be required. Offered periodically during Interim.


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Students examine feminist critiques of aspects of contemporary culture that shape women's lives, such as conventional morality, science, education, art, medicine, law, religion, and marriage. Students critically examine philosophical views that underlie these institutions, including views of human nature, gender, rationality, knowledge, morality, justice, and the value of autonomy. Alternative feminist views that promote feminist aims are explored and evaluated. Offered periodically. Also counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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Using visual art as a lens, students examine vision starting with light and its interactions with matter as well as optical and physiological responses to art elements: elements; value, color, line, shape, form, and texture. Students scientifically analyze artworks using tools from physics, neurobiology, and psychology seeking strategies employed by visual artists to create compelling images and adopt these strategies to generate original work. No prerequisites, but foundational experience in studio art or art history is valuable. Offered alternate years during Interim. Does not count toward physics major. Counts toward neuroscience concentration


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This course takes a holistic, process approach to design. Student teams identify human-centered needs, define problems, develop and prototype solutions, test, redesign, and present final recommendations. This hands-on course emphasizes the application of scientific principles, analysis, and design to real world problems. Students write throughout the course to develop and share ideas. Offered annually during Interim. Prerequisites: MATH 119 or MATH 120 and at least one of the following: PHYS 130, PHYS 124, CHEM 121, CHEM 122, CHEM 125, CH/BI 125, BIO 150, PSYCH 125, or permission of the instructor.


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This course offers an introduction to the physics of sound waves, the biological, physical and psychological origins of sound perception, and the synthesis of sounds and sound production in different instruments. Students explore these topics, as well as sound recording and reproduction systems, through lectures, discussions, laboratory experiments, and student presentations. Offered during Interim. Also counts toward media studies concentration. Prerequisite: proficiency in algebra and geometry. Musical experience is helpful but not required.


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This class aims to better understand the racial climate in the United States, and the implications for American politics. Differing analytical perspectives from political science are used to interpret the role of race. A central question is the degree to which "post-racial" is an appropriate description of the current era. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration.


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This course combines job-shadowing, panel discussions, and a seminar. Students work with two different D.C.-area employers (primarily in government and advocacy sectors). Daily seminars analyze these vocational experiences as they relate to scholarship on political efficacy, motivation, and ethics. Students also receive an introduction to the breadth of career opportunities available in D.C. through panel discussions and networking. Offered annually during Interim. Apply through International and Off-Campus Studies.


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Students learn how gender is perceived, constructed, and experienced in contemporary Norway, using psychological and sociocultural perspectives to explore topics such as family life, youth development/empowerment, education, employment, media/advertising, health, and sexuality. They also examine indigenous Sámi and immigrant perspectives. Lectures, site visits, and other field experiences augment scholarly readings and contribute to an understanding of gender equality as a foundational guiding principle and practice in an increasingly diverse Norwegian society. Offered alternate years during interim. Apply through International and Off-Campus Studies. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125 or a course in Nordic Studies, Women's and Gender Studies, Family Studies, or Sociology/Anthropology, or permission of instructor; PSYCH 241 or PSYCH 249 strongly recommended.


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From legalized marijuana, to the widespread use of antidepressants and antianxiety medications, to the ubiquitious presence of coffee shops, the "drug culture" affects nearly everyone in our society. This course introduces the world of psychopharmacology, with an emphasis on the basic neural mechanisms underlying the effects of drugs, including their portrayal in popular movies and music. By learning how drugs can affect the way neurons communicate, students become more thoughtful consumers. Offered periodically during Interim. Also counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125 or PSYCH 238 or any Level I biology, chemistry, or chemistry/biology course.


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This course traces the significance of essential Christian theological doctrines (e.g., God, Christ, sin, salvation) for contemporary understandings of human beings and human behavior. Selected comparisons with alternative and/or complementary views of human nature (for example, philosophical, psychological, sociological, literary) are also included. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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Students examine the formation of Islamic traditions and institutions and their religious meaning, paying special attention to the dynamism and crises of Islam in the 19th and 20th centuries. Offered periodically. Also counts toward medieval studies major. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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This course examines theological and ethical aspects of Christian social responsibility. It examines the meaning and normative import of Christian faith for justice and love in relational spheres (politics, economics, marriage and family, gender relations). It also explores the ethical implications of central Christian doctrines (vocation, sin, grace, two kingdoms, creation). Issues raised include civil disobedience, use of lethal force, distributive justice, love and self-sacrifice, and gender roles. Offered periodically. Prerequisites: BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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How might the Christian ethical systems that have dominated western culture look different if women's experiences and perspectives had been more centrally included? This course focuses on the continuities and contrasts between traditional Jewish and Christian ethics and the feminist and womanist ethical challenges to them which have emerged over the last quarter century. Offered periodically. Also counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration. Prerequisite: BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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This course offers an introduction to grammar and reading through oral and written work. Class meets four times weekly. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course engages students in scientific inquiry while investigating its broader significance. Students perform experiments from a variety of disciplines to encounter landmark ideas and to investigate the range of quantitative approaches used to proceed from raw data to conclusions. The human ability to recognize patterns and develop models is examined to understand scientific methods and to assess the power, limits, and current status of the natural and behavioral sciences. Offered annually during Interim. Prerequisite: SCICN 213.


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This class investigates death-related behavior from an American and cross-cultural perspective, seeking to understand patterns of social interaction surrounding and giving meaning to dying, death, and bereavement. Topics include: death meanings and anxiety, religion and death-related customs, the dying process, hospice as a social movement, biomedical issues, the funeral industry, death rituals, and the social understanding of the bereavement process. Offered periodically during Interim. Also counts toward family studies concentration.


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Students begin learning Spanish in an intercultural context. The course introduces the Spanish-speaking world through exploration of topics, for example: the geography of the Spanish speaking world; Mexico, our neighbor; and ecotourism. In-class speaking, listening, reading, and writing activities are complemented by attendance at two required culture tables. Open only to students with no prior experience in Spanish or who have placed into Spanish 111. Offered fall semester and Interim. Does not count toward Spanish major.


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Students analyze selected contemporary issues in Spain, Latin America, and/or the Hispanic U.S. Using readings from the press, academic sources, and governmental as well as non-governmental documents, students read, discuss, and write about issues at an advanced level of linguistic and analytical sophistication. The course includes study of at least one substantive literary work. Possible themes include love, family and marriage, or crossing borders and the challenges of migration. Taught in Spanish. Offered alternate years during Interim. Also counts toward Latin American studies major and management studies concentration. Prerequisite: SPAN 250.


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Students explore service to human beings as a profession, both vocation and avocation. Who needs help? Who helps? Where? How? What motivates people to help? Using the liberal arts as a foundation for helping people, students study opportunities in areas such as health care, social services, ministry, youth work, and the arts. The class includes lectures, discussions, speakers, and field visits. Open only to first-year students. Offered anually during Interim. Does not count toward social work major.


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Students explore seven major challenges affecting the world's people including population, resource management, economic integration, information, technology, conflict/security, and governance with an emphasis on their relation to global citizenship and human rights. This course examines issues from social science and global problem-solving perspectives with particular attention to how culture and place affect human experience. Students engage in discussions, forums, a global village activity, and an action project. Offered periodically during Interim. Does not count toward social work major.


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San Salvador is a small Caribbean island boasting a great diversity of marine and terrestrial habitats. Students explore intersections between art and science as they develop basic drawing skills. Emphasis is placed on observation of the natural world. Lectures and field trips are coordinated with BIO 287: Island Biology. Apply through International and Off-Campus Studies. Offered during Interim in alternate years. Not open to first-year students.


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This course, designed for students who want to heighten their two-dimensional skills, emphasizes using expressive qualities of art-making by investigating various media, techniques, and content. Assignments are both traditional and nontraditional, within historical and contemporary perspectives. Experimentation and development of a personal visual language are encouraged. The course culminates in the production of a series of works that relate thematically. Critical thinking and discussion skills are important. Prerequisite: ART 102. Materials fee. Offered annually


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Students investigate community-based approaches to environmental sustainability during thisInterim course taught at the Asian Rural Institute (ARI) in northern Japan. Students explore howARI builds on local Japanese resources to support its mission of training rural leaders fromdeveloping countries in organic agricultural practices. Activities include field trips, discussions,and symposia with Japanese students, as well as hands-on participation in the daily food life atARI. Prerequisites: preference given to students with prior coursework in either Asian Studies orEnvironmental Studies. Counts toward Asian studies and Environmental studies majors andconcentrations and Japan studies concentration. Offered during Interim.


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This course examines ethnicity and the development of national identity in China through the evolution of the Qing empire into a modern nation state, the development of Chinese national identity in modern times, and the relationship between majority culture and minority ethnicities. Students examine the Han, Manchus, Tibetan, and Hmong/Miao as case studies, including comparisons with Hmong in the United States. Offered every two or three years during Interim.


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Southeast Asia is a diverse region, stretching from the sleek high-rises of Singapore to hermetic Rangoon; from Islam to Buddhism; from computer chip manufacture to swidden agriculture. Students read ethnographies, novels, and local histories to better understand Southeast Asian family life, religion, language, and education. Through focusing on the experience of modernity, students examine how Southeast Asians make sense of their group affiliations, their pasts and their futures. The course aims to challenge contemporary understandings of place, entitlement, and home both in Southeast Asia and beyond. Offered annually in the fall or spring semester or during Interim.


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This course explores major aspects of language use that reflect Japanese culture and society. Issues covered include the characteristics of the Japanese language, loan words, regional differences, politeness, gender differences, and communication styles. The course is taught in a combination of lectures, class discussions, subtitled Japanese films, anime (Japanese animation), and student presentations. Knowledge of Japanese helpful but not necessary. Readings, lectures, and discussions are all in English.


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Students pursue guided fieldwork experience in the country whose language they study, either Japan or China. Activities and readings in this course build on the topics from ASIAN 210 and three semesters of language study. Students continue to explore their understanding of Asia through ethnographic observation, interviews, and site visits. Students develop projects and follow a process of inquiry that will help them understand how ordinary people construct "Asian" culture and society today. Prerequisite: ASIAN 210. Offered during Interim.


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Students pursue guided fieldwork experience in the United States. Activities and readings in this course build on the topics from ASIAN 210 and three semesters of language study. Students reflect on the experience of Asians in America through readings, site visits, and local interviews. Students develop projects and follow a process of inquiry that will help them understand how ordinary people construct "Asian" culture and society today. Prerequisite: ASIAN 210. Offered during Interim.


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This course is a service/learning experience. Week one is spent on campus learning basic clinical techniques, examining emerging disease, and studying existing health care issues. Students spend three weeks in Cuzco, Peru, assessing patient needs in a public hospital, a homeless shelter, orphanages, and a small village. Week four involves discussion and writing reflective journals. Prerequisites: BIO 150 or BIO 126 or BIO 231, and BIO 291. Apply through the Office of International and Off-Campus Studies. Offered during Interim (for students through class of 2016).


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Intensive study of the biology that created the Bahamas and that now constitutes the living structure of these islands. Staying at the Gerace Research Center provides access to a diversity of marine and terrestrial habitats including coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove forests, hypersaline ponds, limestone caverns, and the "blue-holes" that connect inland waterways to the sea. The Gerace Research Center is located on San Salvador Island. Counts toward major: Biology. Prerequisite: BIO 150, or BIO 126, or permission of instructor. Offered during Interim.


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This course offers intensive field-biology experiences within three equatorial New World environments: the Amazon rainforest, the Andes cloud forests, and the Galapagos Islands. Students compare the rich biodiversity, the adaptations and natural history of species, and the influence of human impact on these areas. Preparation for class requires readings from texts and primary literature concerning ecological and environmental issues specific to each of these regions. Based in Quito, the three field expeditions alternate with home-based rest days allowing for reflective writing in journals, assimilation, and discussion. Prerequisite: BIO 150, or BIO 126, or permission of instructor. Offered during Interim.


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From tiny ion channels to the basis for learning, neuroscience is a rapidly developing area. Using texts, reviews, and current literature, students examine in depth the fundamental unit of the nervous system, the neuron. The goals are to understand how neurons accomplish their unique functions: electrical signaling, synaptic transmission, and directed growth and remodeling. Prerequisites: BIO 125, or BIO 227 or CH/BI 125, CH/BI 126, and CH/BI 227, and progress toward a major in any of the natural sciences.


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This course introduces physical chemistry with an emphasis on thermodynamics and kinetics of biologically relevant systems. Topics include probability as the driving force for chemical reactions; the relationship between chemical bonding energetics, entropy, and equilibria; oxidation-reduction reactions and electrochemistry; and rates of reactions, including enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Laboratory experiments and activities illustrate lecture topics and introduce new concepts. Prerequisites: CH/BI 125 and MATH 119 or MATH 120. Offered during Interim.


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This course, a continuation of CHEM 121, examines atomic and molecular structure, including classical and quantum theories, bonding models, molecular orbitals and coordination chemistry. CHEM 121 and CHEM 123 together are equivalent in content to CHEM 125 and are designed to prepare students for CHEM 126. Prerequisite: CHEM 121. Offered during Interim.


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Students study the structure, bonding, and reactions of compounds containing metal-carbon bonds. Special topics include applications of organometallic chemistry to the synthesis of organic compounds, homogeneous catalysis, and biochemistry. Examples illustrate organometallic chemistry as a bridge between organic and inorganic chemistry. Students use bibliographic and electronic searching software to prepare research papers based on the current literature. Prerequisite: CHEM 247. Offered during Interim.


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In the laboratory, students investigate and identify organic compounds, singly and in mixtures. Lectures and discussion sessions investigate various spectroscopic methods and their applications to the elucidation of the structure of organic compounds. Prerequisites: CHEM 248 and CHEM 254. Offered during Interim.


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This course introduces the fundamentals of bioanalytical chemistry and the application of modern analysis techniques to biological samples. Current clinical applications and examples of biological problems supplement lecture material. Daily lectures are closely integrated with laboratory experiences. Topics include different types of chromatography used to separate biological mixtures in various ways, 1D- and 2D-gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, radiochemical and immunological assays, centrifugation techniques, and biological mass spectrometry. Prerequisites: CHEM 255 or CHEM 379 or permission of instructor. Offered alternate years during Interim.


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This course examines the complex and shifting relationship between human and non-human animals in the ancient Roman world. Through literary sources and artistic evidence, students explore the Roman view of animals and their use of them for food, entertainment, and companionship. The class discusses Roman attitudes toward the non-human animal "other" and the ethical implications of such attitudes, both in antiquity and today. All selections from Greek and Latin literature are read in English translation. Counts toward ancient studies, classics, Greek, and Latin majors. Offered during Interim.


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This course introduces students to the history and art of ancient Greece. It covers more than two thousand years of Greek civilization, from the Bronze Age through the archaic, classical, and Hellenistic periods. The itinerary takes students to every major region of Greece, with extended stays in Athens, Crete, and the Peloponnese. When not visiting museums and archaeological sites and learning about ancient Greek culture, students have the opportunity to experience modern Greek culture as well. Offered annually. Counts towards ancient studies major.


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This course uses major schools of economic thought and major economic writers from the past 600 years to introduce principles of economics. Readings include the architects of capitalism (Adam Smith, David Ricardo, etc.), the critics (Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, etc.), and the reformers (J.M. Keynes, Joseph Schumpeter, J.K. Galbraith, etc.). Offered many Interims.


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In this course, students examine how schools and communities in the Twin Cities interact to provide support and developmental opportunities for school-age children. Through lectures, readings, discussions, field trips, and in-school and co-curricular placements, students gain an understanding and awareness of how race, class, ethnicity, national origin, and gender shape the complex character of urban youth and schools. Students spend one week in orientation activities on campus and two weeks in the Twin Cities. During the time in the Twin Cities, St. Olaf students participate as tutors and classroom assistants during the school day and then assist in various after-school and community programs. The last week of Interim is spent back on campus discussing the experience. Fulfills EDUC 382: Human Relations requirement. Open to first-year students. P/N only. Offered during Interim. Counts toward race and ethnic studies and American studies majors and race and ethnic studies concentration.


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This program provides an opportunity for students to gain direct teaching experience by serving as an intern/paraprofessional for a teacher in a Minneapolis/St. Paul public school. The Interim will heighten students' sensitivities to the complexities of multicultural, urban education and provide exposure to models used to foster educational and personal success in diverse student populations. On/off-campus orientation will be followed by four weeks of full-time work in a classroom with a host teacher and participation in weekly seminars with the college instructor. Reading assignments, journals, and guest speakers will complement the experience. Fulfills EDUC 382 : Human Relations requirement. Prerequisites: EDUC 260 and EDUC 290 or EDUC 330 or permission of instructor. Apply through Education Department by Oct. 15. Offered during Interim. Counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration and American studies major.


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This course investigates how literature--broadly writ--represents both gender diversity and conformity, and the issues associated with gender, such as family, power dynamics, oppression, activism, domesticity, hierarchies, and inequalities. The texts focus on a diversity of gendered identities by complicating the gender binary of "man" and "woman." A consideration of gender separated from other identities is limiting; therefore, this course examines how gender intersects with race, class, ability, sexual orientation, technology, religion, and/or nationality. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered periodically. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term.


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This course introduces students to the complicated relationship between philosophy and literature from any period between the 16th-century and the present day. Students learn about the intersection of ideas that fall under the general category of "modernity" and explore how selected philosophical views influence American and/or English literary works from the Renaissance to the contemporary period. Students gain an understanding of modern philosophies by learning how to incorporate interdisciplinary theories when engaging in literary analysis. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered periodically.


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The personal essay may contain rumination, memoir, anecdote, diatribe, scholarship, fantasy, and moral philosophy. Students read and write about the personal essay from its origins to the present day as well as craft their own personal essays. Readings range from founding father Montaigne to classic practitioners Charles Lamb and Virginia Woolf; students also explore international essayists such as Wole Soyinka and American voices from Thoreau to Annie Dillard. Prerequisites: FYW and at least sophomore status. Offered during Interim.


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Students explore specific periods in American literature and examine the relationship between literary texts and movements and their particular cultural, political, and historical contexts. Each offering of this course examines a different literary era and emphasizes specific literary and historical issues. Prerequisites: ENGL 185 plus at least two English courses at level II, or permission of the instructor. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term.


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EnvSt 281 History of Energy in the U.S. and the World: Energy is central to modern life, yet it is seldom the focus of historical study. This course examines the history of the United States and the world through the lens of major energy resources. Students consider the significant impact of energy on the nation's political, diplomatic, military, social, cultural, scientific, business, and economic histories, as well as the corresponding impact that the U.S. has had on energy resources and the environment.


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Students study French language and Moroccan culture in the imperial city of Fes. An immersion experience that includes home stays with local French-speaking families, the course focuses on Moroccan culture past and present, emphasizing the multicultural aspects of Morocco and facilitating student interaction with the local population. Field trips to various sites in and around Fes, day-long visits to Meknès and Moulay Idriss, and a longer excursion to Marrakech and Casablanca. Review of second-year French grammar is integrated into the reading and discussion of texts pertaining to Morocco's history and culture and their relation to present-day Morocco. Taught in French. Prerequisite: FREN 231 or placement in FREN 232. Offered during Interim. Open to first-year students.


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This course provides an on-campus immersion experience for students interested in improving their oral language proficiency. Students engage in small and large group discussion, give individual and group oral presentations, and review grammar and registers of language. They also explore the notions of communicative competence and oral proficiency in order to become more effective speakers. Taught in French. Prerequisite: FREN 232 or FREN 235, or equivalent. Offered during Interim. Counts toward film studies concentration.


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Students explore the Greek and Hebrew legacies in Roman society and in the New Testament, discussing various attempts to find personal fulfillment in political life, in stoicism and Epicureanism, and in the teachings of Christ and St. Paul. Students read works by Cicero, Horace, Virgil, Epictetus, the writers of Christian scripture and study the artistry of Roman portraiture. Prerequisite: GCON 113. Offered during Interim. Counts towards ancient studies major.


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An immersion experience for students at the intermediate level or above, this course combines morning language classes with afternoon excursions, work with Austrian language partners, and service learning. Each week, students study a different topic of everyday Austrian culture, such as immigration and multiculturalism, social and religious groups, political parties, and Vienna as a music capital. Taught in German. Prerequisite: GERM 231 or equivalent. Counts toward German major and German studies concentration. Offered during Interim.


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Students examine the artistic heritage of the German-speaking countries and develop the skill of interpreting and analyzing art works in their cultural context. The specific topic may vary and may be broadly or narrowly defined to include a specific art form, theme, period, artist, or the art of the German-speaking countries. Topics include: the arts in turn-of-the-century Vienna, the Bauhaus, Weimar cinema, and German Expressionism. Taught in English. Counts toward the German major or German studies concentration. May be repeated if topics differ. Offered annually.


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Students study Protestant and Catholic religious movements, Luther and other reformers, political and social institutions, the Protestant family, intellectual traditions, and popular culture and beliefs in this interdisciplinary approach to Reformation Europe. Students also investigate the rise of nation-states, theological debates, the wars of religion, science and learning, printing and communication, and capitalism. Offered most years.


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This course examines the history of modern Cuba, especially the 1959 revolution and its aftermath. Students study the transformation of Cuban political culture, the obstacles to economic and agrarian reform, education, the role of women, human rights, U.S. policies toward Cuba, and the future of Cuba after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The role of charismatic leadership in Latin America and the possibilities for revolutionary changes in the Americas are also examined. Offered periodically in Interim. Counts toward Latin American studies major and concentration.


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This off-campus course examines historical memory through a charged set of public anniversaries in 2015. Students travel to the deep South to explore the public response to the region's history, particularly the civil rights movement, but also slavery and the Civil War. The course interrogates the public commemoration and museum displays dealing with anniversaries, specifically the Selma march of 1965. Students also examine contemporary recollections of eyewitnesses, and the discourse surrounding them now. Prerequisites: one course in sociology/anthropology, women's and gender studies, social work, family studies, economics, political science, environmental studies, or nursing. Counts toward history and American studies majors and race and ethnic studies major and concentration. Offered during Interim.


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Gender in Africa - This seminar examines the contradictory images on gender in Africa promoted by colonial notions of man as the breadwinner and the woman jettisoned to a dependent position that defined metropolitan career trajectories. It examines differing gender norms and the resulting tensions as we interrogate the social, economic, and historical roles of women in Africa. Through lectures, discussions, films, and a varied list of intriguing sources and readings the course introduces students to "doing history," as students appreciate and reconstruct the lived experiences of African women and explore themes such as slavery, religious and political roles, production, distribution and reproduction, domesticity, marriage and kingship, social change, and motherhood. The course pays particular attention to how women in Africa coped with society and not how society coped with them. No prior study of African history required.


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This course examines multicultural health concepts and health care systems from biological, social, psychological and practical points of view. Students examine critical global health issues, including globalization, emerging infectious diseases, women's health and economic development, food and nutrition, trends in global environmental health, chronic disease, cultural considerations, and health policy and advocacy. Students explore the course material through readings, films, case studies, debates, and expert guest speakers. Prerequisites: sophomore standing or above, and completion of at least one of the following courses: any level I biology course, ECON 121, ENVST 137, PSCI 117, PSCI 121, PSYCH 125, SOAN 121, SOAN 128. Offered occasionally in Interim.


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This course explores the nature of mathematics and its role in contemporary society. The content and format of the course vary depending on the instructor's interests. In particular, the course may focus on one or two mathematical topics in depth or survey a wider range of topics. Recent topics have included mathematics of voting, probability, game theory, finance, and connections between mathematics and the arts. Prerequisites: high school algebra and geometry. Offered annually.


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This course introduces the study of patterns and relationships satisfied by natural numbers. Topics include divisibility, modular arithmetic, prime numbers, congruences, primitive roots, and quadratic residues. The course is offered in Budapest, Hungary, a world center for research mathematics. The course includes several hours of Hungarian language instruction and lectures by Hungarian mathematicians and scholars. Prerequisite: MATH 220 or permission of instructor. Offered most Interims.


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Properties of axiomatic systems are illustrated with finite geometries and applied in a synthetic examination of Euclid's original postulates, well-known Euclidean theorems, and non-Euclidean geometries. Euclidean, similarity, and affine transformations are studied analytically. These transformations are generalized to obtain results in hyperbolic geometry and used to generate fractals in an exploration of fractal geometry. Dynamic geometry software and hands-on labs are used to explore both the transformations and properties of these geometries. Prerequisite: MATH 220, and MATH 244 or MATH 252. Offered annually during Interim.


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This course is a hands-on study of the science, aesthetics, history and current practices of electronic music. Creative projects include work with MIDI synthesizers and sequencers, as well as digital sampling and software synthesis. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above. Offered during Interim 2014-15 and alternate years.


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Participants prepare for performance of a one-act opera or opera scenes. Students receive coaching and performance experience through individual and group singing/acting exercises. The course culminates with staged and costumed public performances. Open to all students and may be repeated once. A class fee may be required. Offered Interim 2014-15 and alternate years.


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Health begins where we live, work and play. Students are immersed in public, private, and community-based organizations in Northfield (rural) and Minneapolis-St. Paul (urban) to gain an understanding of the social determinants of health (environmental conditions, resources and supports) and the relationship to individual health outcomes through service learning. A special emphasis is placed on the impact of socioeconomic status, geographic location, and disability on health disparities. Prerequisites: one course in sociology/anthropology, women's and gender studies, social work, family studies, economics, political science, environmental studies, or nursing. Offered during Interim


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This course analyzes issues concerning race and social justice from the perspective of normative ethical frameworks and various theories of value. Students investigate, interpret, and critique both intellectual foundations and reasons for endorsement of the various approaches to studying race and social justice. Students pay critical attention to how the black intellectual tradition understands the meanings and moral implications of such ideas. Prerequisite: BTS-T or permission of instructor. Offered occasionally during Interim. Counts toward race and ethnic studies concentration.


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Students study the moral theory of Immanuel Kant by reading his texts and understanding the expression of their ideas in literature and film. They also clarify Kant's moral theory through comparison of his theory to other moral theories, especially utilitarianism and virtue theory. The overall purpose of the course is to help students to understand and apply moral theories generally, and Kant's theory in particular, to moral situations. Prerequisite: completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor. Offered most years. Counts toward film studies concentration.


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This course gives students the opportunity to work on real world physics and engineering problems. Companies, non-profits, and other organizations provide projects relevant and important to the organizations' goals. Students work in teams to approach these projects from an engineering design perspective that emphasizes hands-on work, prototyping, and organizational skills. Prerequisite: PHYS 244 or permission of the instructor. Offered annually during Interim.


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In a democratic state, the media play an important role in linking the people to elected officials and political institutions. The course is principally concerned with this connection. By analyzing broad and varied forms of political communication and studying scholarship on the role of media in society, students explore the structure of American media with respect to political institutions, the effects media can have on individuals' political attitudes, and the role the media play in political campaigns and governance. Prerequisite: none, but one course in political science is recommended.


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This course introduces students to the complexities of international adjudication. Students meet with leading figures in international law at some of the most important venues for deciding matters of public international adjudication in the world. Students gain a general understanding of the complex institutional mechanisms that have been created to ensure security among states and prosecute international criminals.


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This class aims to better understand the racial climate in the United States, and the implications for American politics. Differing analytical perspectives from political science are used to interpret the role of race. A central question is the degree to which "post-racial" is an appropriate description of the current era. Counts toward political science major.


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Psychopaths, blazing a path of disregard and devastation through life, are a chilling example of the darker side of humanity. Students critically compare psychopathy as protrayed in the popular media to psychology's theoretical and empirical understanding. They explore questions such as: What are the hallmark characteristics of a psychopath? Where can psychopaths be found? What causes psychopathy? Students also examine the question of what the existence of psychopathy means for the rest of us. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125. Offered during Interim.


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How do we hear? What do we hear? How do we know? This course examines the perception of the acoustic world through our sense of hearing. Topics include the structure of sound itself (acoustics), how sound is encoded and processed by the brain, and how we come to understand sound as something beyond a physical stimulus (representation, meaning, and interpretation). Additional topics include speech perception, music, hearing loss, and cochlear implants. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125 recommended. Offered during Interim.


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This course integrates on-campus classroom activities with service-learning placements in and around Northfield. Scholarly readings, classroom discussions, and assignments highlight the unique theoretical perspectives, skills, and methodological approaches that psychologists use to address social problems and community needs through research, practice, and policy. Students' on-site experiences and observations provide opportunities for the application of previous coursework as well as guided reflection and exploration of goals for personal and vocational development. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125. Offered periodically.


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This course investigates the human relationship with the natural world, examining ways in which the natural environment is important psychologically to human beings. Integrating aspects of theoretical and empirical psychology, environmental studies and literature, we explore meanings, values, and questions such as: How are we affected by nature? What affects people's attitudes and behaviors toward the environment? How do we respond to environmental challenges? How does the field of psychology address the natural world? Prerequisite: PSYCH 125 or ENVST 137. Offered during Interim. Counts toward American studies major and environmental studies major (all tracks) and concentration.


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Analyzing continuity and change within the Lutheran tradition, students consider Luther's theology and proposals for the reform of Catholicism and evaluate major reappraisals of Lutheran beliefs and practices that developed in response to new issues and social situations. Topics include Orthodoxy and Pietism, conservative and liberal responses to the Enlightenment, modern European Lutheranism and issues of particular importance to Lutheranism in Scandinavia, America, and developing countries. Prerequisite: BTS-B. Offered periodically during Interim.


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This course examines how the gospel transforms the practices of personal and social life. Students explore the nature of Christian community and the connections between Christian theological beliefs and practices. Students participate in the life of Holden Village, an isolated Lutheran retreat center in the Cascade Mountains of Washington. Prerequisite: BTS-B. Offered alternate years during Interim.


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This course examines religion in Italy and Germany at several decisive turning points in the past and today. Students analyze Catholic theology and church practices, from ancient times to the Renaissance, through site visits and events in Rome (city of the popes) and Florence. They examine emergence of Protestantism through activities in the region around Wittenberg, birthplace of Martin Luther's Reformation. They compare the influence of religion in Italian and German culture. Prequisite: BTS-B. Offered periodically during Interim.


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This course studies the historical, geographical, and cultural background of Judaism and Christianity, focusing on major biblical sites in the Holy Land. Through the intersection oftextual study, archaeology, and history, students explore biblical events from the time of Israel'sancestors to Jesus and the early church in, for example, Jerusalem, Galilee, and Jordan.The course also examines the history of conflict among Jews, Christians, and Muslims over themeaning and possession of the land. Prerequisite: BTS-B. Offered alternate years duringInterim. Counts toward ancient studies major.


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This course engages students in scientific inquiry while investigating its broader significance. Students perform experiments from a variety of disciplines to encounter landmark ideas and to investigate the range of quantitative approaches used to proceed from raw data to conclusions. The human ability to recognize patterns and develop models is examined to understand scientific methods and to assess the power, limits, and current status of the natural and behavioral sciences. Prerequisite: SCICN 213. Offered during Interim.


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This topics course explores a Spanish peninsular cultural, literary, and/or linguistic theme from a base in Spain through analysis and discussion of texts, guest lectures, excursions to appropriate cultural sites, field research, and related experiential activities. Sample topics include: Christians, Jews and Muslims in Spain, and Spain's Autonomous Communities, Spain's Multilingual and Multicultural Landscape. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 250.


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Students explore service to human beings as a profession, a vocation, and a volunteer commitment. Who needs help? Who helps? Where? How? What motivates people to help? Using the liberal arts as a foundation for helping people, students study career opportunities in areas such as health care, social services, ministry, youth work, and the arts. The class includes lectures, discussions, speakers, and field visits; additional fee. Open only to first year students. Offered during Interim.


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Students study historical and contemporary realities of race, social class, health, welfare, and human rights in South Africa. This dynamic society provides unique opportunities to study the challenges and successes of inclusion, respect, and reconciliation in the post-Apartheid era. Students travel to three regions and meet with public, private, and community-based organizations. Special emphasis is on the status of women and children. Prerequisite: one course in political science, sociology/anthropology, social work, economics, psychology, family studies, or women's and gender studies. Offered occasionally during Interim. Counts toward Africa and the Americas and family studies concentrations.


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This course studies theater performance through the full-scale mounting of a production during the month of January, followed by public performances at the beginning of spring semester. Students enroll in the class through either an acting audition or a production position interview held in late October or early November. No previous experience is necessary. Selected participants are notified prior to Interim registration. Details about the audition/interview are available by calling the Theater Department office, x3240 or online at the Theater Department website in "Current Students > Auditions." Scripts are available by calling the Theater Department office, x3240. P/N only. Offered during Interim.


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Designed for the student with previous course work and production work in theater, this course studies theater performance through the full-scale mounting of a production during the month of January, followed by public performances at the beginning of spring semester. Students enroll in the course through either an acting audition or a production position interview held in late October or early November. Selected participants are notified prior to Interim registration. Details about the audition/interview are available by calling the Theater Department Office, x3240 or online at the Theater Department website in "Current Students > Auditions." Scripts are available by calling the Theater Department office, x3240. P/N only. Prerequisite: THEAT 133 or permission of instructor. Offered during Interim.


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This seminar examines the African background of African Americans and ties between Africa and African Americans. It examines the nature of interaction and the role played by Africans, African culture, and African institutions in the political, economic, cultural and religious life of the New World. Students explore questions such as to what extent the iconography of Africa so used to mobilize Africans in disperson, and how effective was the consciousness of Africa sustained in the New World and finally the contributions of African Americans to Africa.


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Students in this course examine technology, the mass market and consumerism, and the increasingly complex relations between identity and material goods. They also explore the images, institutions, and stories of environmental, feminist, and Civil Rights activists in the context of Cold War America. Topics and texts range from Yosemite National Park and Japanese internment camps to Adrienne Rich's poetry and prose, Freedom Summer, Las Vegas, and the Mall of America. Offered annually in the spring semester. Counts toward American studies major and women's and gender studies major and concentration. Prerequisite: AMCON 101, AMCON 102, and AMCON 201.


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This course explores the history and culture of cities in the United States, ranging from the industrial cities in the later-19th century to efforts to design sustainable cities in the 21st century. We will pay attention to the spatial, social, and physical history of cities, as well as the changing images of cities in American culture. While focused on cities themselves, we also will look at the changing relationship between cities and suburbs and the development of metropolitan America. The course will be a mixture of discussions, lectures, and presentations. We will make use of literature, film, and a range of primary sources to study cities.


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"Ya say you want a revolution? Well..." Students in this class will not be examining Chevrolet's ad campaign ad campaign for its new line of cars, but will be immersing themselves in one transformative year: 1968. We will look at the Tet offensive and its impact on the Vietnam War, which affected the presidential campaigns; we'll examine the protesting of the Miss America pageant, where feminists crowned a sheep; we'll try to understand why two greatly influential American leaders who could bring people together - Martin Luther King and Bobby Kennedy - were assassinated; we'll read about the Columbia University protests, where black students threw the white protesters out of "their" occupied building. We'll learn more about Black Power, the summer Olympics, George Wallace's segregationist "law and order" campaign and how that helped Richard Nixon win election. We'll listen to songs, watch films, read essays. 1968 is a year in a time period that is mythologized history, and we'll think hard about how and why the era is mythologized, as we do our own exploration about that year. All students will do a final project in the last few weeks of the term, taking up some issue after 1968 to see the continuities and differences.


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This course explores the fundamental principles of design, color, and composition through watercolor. Through advanced techniques, strong drawing, and exploration of personal ideas,students develop a personal, expressive, and visual language. Students are encouraged tomove past trite and predictable solutions to seek alternatives, take initiative, and celebratecreative risk-taking. Materials fee. Offered annually. Prerequisite: ART 102.


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This course focuses on the creative use of animation techniques. Students study the principles of animation and produce projects utlilizing a variety of techniques including flipbooks, stop motion photography, animated GIFs, and 2D and 3D computer-generated animation software. Students regularly screen, analyze, and discuss contemporary and historic animations. Materials fee. Offered alternate years. Counts toward film studies andmedia studies concentrations. Prerequisite: ART 104 or permission of the instructor.


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Drawing the human form from life has been a mainstay in the training of artists since the Renaissance because of its unparalleled discipline in the training of the eye. Along with becoming better observers, students reach a personal understanding of the figure and an appreciation of its art-historical uses. Various media and techniques are explored as a means to understand the expressive possibilities of the figure. Offered annually. Prerequisite: ART 102.


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This intermediate-level course assumes students have a substantial understanding of ceramic processes, plus a good awareness of their own interests in the realm of ceramic expression. The instructor helps students focus their efforts by proposing specific areas of investigation. Materials fee. Offered annually. Prerequisite: ART 103 or ART 207. Previous studio experience in ceramics is accepted when approved by the instructor.


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In this intermediate photography course, students explore a variety of techniques and topics. Techniques include historic processes such as cyanotype and salted paper printing, digital photography, large-scale color printing, and traditional black and white photography. Students investigate experimental approaches and non-traditional forms for presentation, and they investigate photography from broad historical, aesthetic, and social perspectives. This course includes field trips, readings, discussion, and slide presentations. Materials fee. Offered annually. Counts toward media studies concentration. Prerequisite: ART 104 or ART 205, or permission of instructor.


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This course explores the arts and architecture of western Europe from c. 300 to c. 1300. Through lectures and discussions, students study paintings, sculpture, manuscripts, metalwork, and stained glass windows created by the many cultures of this rich and diverse period in the history of art. Students approach the material in a variety of ways; in addition to issues of style, technique, and iconography, students address issues of viewing, patronage, and gender. Offered periodically. Counts toward medieval studies major.


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This class examines reform and revolution at the end of the Qing dynasty; the creation and collapse of the first Republic; warlordism, the New Culture Movement, social and cultural change, and the rise of Chinese nationalism; Japanese invasion, civil war, and the Communist victory; the People’s Republic since 1949; economic and social change, conflict with the Soviet Union, the Cultural Revolution, Maoism and Mao’s legacy; and China’s recent economic and political transformation. Foreign Language Across the Curriculum course available in Chinese for students at the third-year level in the language. Offered annually.


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How do people in Asia understand citizenship? Students learn how membership in cultural, social, and political communities shapes rights, responsibilities, and identities in Asian countries. Reading historical and social science research, students consider and compare citizenship in Asian countries, including China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: one previous course in Asian studies or political science.


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This course introduces students to the art form of brush-written Asian forms of calligraphy. Students explore the aesthetic concepts, the evolution of different styles, and the practical techniques of calligraphy. Class lectures complement hands-on practice in which students master the basic strokes, the structure and compositions, and the line movements that are involved in producing artistic calligraphy. No knowledge of an Asian language is required. All readings and visual demonstrations will be in English. Materials fee.


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This course provides a comprehensive overview of cellular structure and function including cellular compartments, macromolecular structures, and life processes such as energy and material flux, cell division, and control mechanisms. Students learn current and/or historical evidence and methodology (e.g., microscopy, isolation procedures, and probes). Laboratory experiences provide opportunities for qualitative and quantitative observations of cellular structure and function. Students place their work in the context of current research through examination of relevant literature and formal presentations. Offered each semester. Counts toward biomolecular science concentration. Prerequisites: CHEM125 or CHEM 121/CHEM 123 or CH/BI 125; BIO 150 is strongly preferred.


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Genetics examines relationships between genotype and phenotype in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms from classical and molecular perspectives. Lectures in this core course cover ideas and technologies contributing to understanding mechanisms of gene transmission and regulation. Laboratories utilize model organisms to investigate classical and molecular modes of inheritance .Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered each semester. Counts as "genetics" core category. Counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisites: BIO 150, and CHEM 125 or CHEM 121/CHEM 123 or CH/BI 125; or BIO 125 and CHEM 125 or CHEM 121/CHEM 123 or CH/BI 125.


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This course begins with an in-depth look at a plant cell and its physiology, followed by a discussion of whole plant physiology as it relates to cellular functions. Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Counts as "comparative organismal biology" core category. Prerequisites: Bio 150 or BIO 126, CHEM 125 and CHEM 126,and BIO 227 or CH/BI227 recommended.


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Ecology focuses on the study of the interrelationships that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. This core course examines organism-environment interactions and the study of populations, communities and ecosystems. Consideration is given to use of ecological studies in ecosystem management. Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered each semester. Counts as "ecology" core category. Counts toward environmental studies major (all tracks) and concentration. Prerequisites: BIO 150 or BIO 126.


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Internships are designed to provide career-testing opportunities. Students interested in aninternship should consult with the Piper Center for Vocation and Career, enlist a facultysupervisor, and complete an internship application. Internships do not count toward the biologymajor requirements.


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The last decade has unveiled the mechanism by which a single cell gives rise to an embryo rich in pattern and cellular diversity. This course traces the use of surgical, genetic, and molecular techniques as they have uncovered the developmental blueprints encoding the universal body plan fundamental to all metazoan life. Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisite: BIO 233.


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Immunology focuses on the structure, development and function of the immune system. The course explores the molecular and cellular basis of the immune responses. The application of immunological principles to allergy, autoimmunity, AIDS, transplantation, and cancer are included. Students attend lectures plus a two-hour discussion per week. Prerequisite: BIO 227 and BIO 233, or BIO 125 and BIO 233.


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Biology 394 is for students who have completed one internship (BIO 294) and wish to complete a second internship. Students interested in an internship should consult with the PiperCenter for Vocation and Career, locate a faculty supervisor, and complete an internship form.Internships do not count toward the biology major requirements.


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A quarter-credit course devoted to a broad study of the field of biomolecular science through the reading and discussion of primary and secondary literature across the field. Through exploration of the breadth of the field, biomolecular science concentrators plan their own level III course structure. While required of all biomolecular science concentrators, this course is open to all interested students. Offered annually in the spring semester. P/N only. Prerequisite: BIO 125, CHEM 125, or CH/BI 125, or the equivalent.


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This lab course is highly recommended to enhance the study of biochemistry and as preparation for further research in biochemistry and related fields. The course focuses on the isolation, purification, manipulation, and characterization of proteins, DNA, and RNA. The course aims to provide continuity in experimentation that is investigative in nature. Emphasis is placed on the collection, interpretation, and presentation of data. P/N only. Offered each semester. Counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisite: previous or concurrent registration in CHEM 379.


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Building upon skills learned in CHEM 253 and CHEM 254, students perform multi-step syntheses that require the use of advanced techniques for the synthesis, purification and characterization of organic compounds. The second half of the course may focus on a project chosen by each student in consultation with the instructor. P/N only. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisites: CHEM 253 and CHEM 254.


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This course presents fundamental biological processes at the molecular level and serves as a general introduction to biochemistry. Topics include the structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids, enzyme catalysis and regulation, bioenergetics and an introduction to carbohydrate metabolism. Subsequent enrollment in CHEM 385 is recommended for students desiring greater breadth and depth in the subject. Offered each semester. Counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisite: CHEM 248.


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This course builds depth of biochemical understanding upon the foundation laid in CHEM 379. Contents may include selected topics in catabolic and anabolic metabolism, integration and regulation of metabolism, photosynthesis and biochemical genetics. In addition, students will gain experience with the primary literature. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: CHEM 379.


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Students explore the literature of chemistry in a seminar setting. Experience is gained inreading, discussing, and presenting chemistry-related results from the current scientific literature. Each section has a distinct topical focus selected by the chemistry faculty from suggestions made by junior chemistry majors during the spring of the previous year. P/N only. Open to senior chemistry majors only. Offered annually in the spring semester.


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This course offers an introduction to speaking, reading, and writing Chinese, as well as mastery of basic grammar and command of 500 characters for reading and writing. Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: CHIN 111 or equivalent.


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Students continue to develop listening and reading comprehension and use of basic structures through speaking and writing. The vocabulary for reading and writing increases to 1,000 characters. Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: CHIN 231 or equivalent.


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This course provides continued practice in speaking, reading, and writing at the third-year-level. Our text introduces students to Chinese geography and history and modern written style. Conducted entirely in Chinese. This course is required for students seeking a concentration in China studies. Prerequisite: CHIN 301 or equivalent.


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What made the last years of the Roman Republic and the early years of the Roman Empire "golden"? Students learn the answer by reading some of the finest Latin literature ever written, from epic to satire. They also do research with historical source materials. The course emphasizes the many ways in which ancient Rome has influenced and continues to influence Western culture. Offered alternate years. Counts towards ancient studies major.


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This course introduces students to computer science (CS), a field devoted to creative problem solving with computers, and its applications to other disciplines. Students explore fundamental concepts, including iteration, recursion, object-oriented software design, algorithm efficiency, levels of naming, parallel computing, and computing ethics. Students apply these concepts daily in hands-on homework exercises relevant to fields in the arts, humanities (including digital humanities computations), social sciences, and natural sciences. Includes a team project applying CS to a chosen discipline. No prior experience with programming is expected or required. Offered each semester. One of CSCI 121, CSCI 125, or CSCI 251counts toward linguistic studies concentration.


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This course provides an introduction to the structure and creation of computer software, using the C++ programming language and emphasizing object-oriented programming and structured collaborative software-development methodology. Concepts and skills are applied in a substantial team project. Topics include object-oriented programming, specification, programmed memory management, indirect addressing, tools including UML, team software process, requirements analysis, software design strategies, and elementary ethical analysis of software systems. Counts toward mathematical biology concentration; one of CSCI 121, CSCI 125, CSCI 251 counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Offered each semester.Prerequisite: CSCI 121 or CSCI 125 or CSCI 241 or PHYS 130 or MATH 252 or permission of instructor; concurrent registration in CSCI 252 is required.


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This course surveys standard algorithms and data structures with emphasis on implementation experience and complexity analysis. Topics include algorithmic strategies, fundamental computer algorithms, stacks, queues, lists, trees, hash tables, heaps and priority queues, compression, and decompression. Prerequisites: MATH 282 (MATH 244 or MATH 252) and CSCI 251, or consent of the instructor. Offered annually. Counts toward neuroscience concentration.


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The software we design has real effects in people's lives. This course explores the ethical and social considerations inherent in computer-based systems, develops skills in thinking about those considerations and in collecting data to determine their effects, and expands students' abilities to integrate these issues and skills into software development procedures, largely through an extensive team analysis of a "live" software project. Coursework uses extended case studies and surveys topics such as professional and ethical responsibilities, risk, liability, intellectual property, privacy, and computer crime. Offered annually. Prerequisites: CSCI 251 and completion of BTS-T, or permission of instructor.


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This course presents dances derived from immigrant and native traditions and includes Cajun, clogging, contras, hula, squares and vintage dance forms such as Charleston, among others. P/N only. Ticket/transportation fee required. Offered periodically.


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This movement intensive class is a blend of the art and the science of the body in dancing. It integrates an artistic approach to moving with a physical experience that deepens awareness of the body in motion and enhances understanding of body structure and function.This class also links to the content and focus in DANCE 201 and DANCE 301. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: DANCE 111 or DANCE 121 or DANCE 210/DANCE 211 or DANCE220/DANCE221, or permission of instructor.


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This movement intensive class is a blend of the art and the science of the body in dancing. It integrates an artistic approach to moving with a physical experience that deepens awareness of the body in motion and enhances understanding of body structure and function. This class also links to the content and focus in DANCE 201 and DANCE 301. Offered each semester. May be repeated with permission of instructor. Prerequisite: DANCE 111 or DANCE 121 or DANCE 210/DANCE 211 or DANCE220/DANCE221, or permission of instructor.


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Students trace and integrate the African-American and Euro-American dance traditions of the late 19th, 20th, and early 21st centuries, paying attention to their similarities and differences.The focus is on the theatrical dance genres of ballet, modern, and jazz (includes social dance, tap, and some musical theatre dance). At the same time, the course attends to the economic, religious, political, and social forces that have affected the development of dance in the United States. No dance experience required. Ticket/transportation fee required. Offered annually in the spring semester. Counts toward race and ethnic studies, American studies, and women's and gender studies majors and race and ethnic studies and women'sand gender studies concentrations.


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This course builds on the concepts and components of Modern Dance I and II. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: DANCE 210/DANCE 211 or DANCE 250/DANCE 251 (at least twice) and/or permission of the instructor. Open to majors and other students with instructor's permission.


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This course builds on the concepts and components of Modern Dance I and II. Open to majors and other students with instructor's permission. Offered each semester. May be repeated with permission of instructor. Prerequisite: DANCE 210/DANCE 211 (at least twice) and/or permission of the instructor. Open to majors and other students with instructor's permission.


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Students explore improvisation as a movement practice, a dance technique, and a foundation for performance. The course integrates a variety of approaches to improvisation including movement exploration with body awareness, Authentic Movement, and Contact Improvisation. The class develops individual and group movement skills and increases student comfort level with movement invention as a creating practice and a performing practice. Prerequisite: Dance 115 and Dance 215 or permission of instructor. Counts toward dance major. Offered alternate years in the spring semester.


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This course examines Christian ethics along with major frameworks in philosophical ethics (Utilitarianism, Liberalism, and Marxism) in addressing economic issues. Offered most years. Prerequisites: one of Economics 110-121 and completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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This course emphasizes skills necessary to understand and analyze economic data. Topics include descriptive statistics, probability and random variables, sampling theory, estimation and hypothesis testing, and practical and theoretical understanding of simple and multiple regression analysis. Applications to economic and business problems use real data, realistic applications, and econometric/statistical software. Offered each semester. STAT110, STAT 212, and ECON 263 all provide an introduction to statistics. ECON 263 is recommended for economics majors who do not plan to take both STAT 272 and ECON 385. Credit will not be given for more than one of STAT 110, STAT 212, or ECON 263; credit will not be given for STAT110, STAT 212, or ECON 263 following completion of STAT 272. Prerequisite: MATH 119 or MATH 120 and one of Economics 110-121, or consent of the instructor.


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Government action affects us all. We pay taxes; we use public roads, schools, and parks. Some prices we pay are lower due to government subsidies; others are higher due to taxes. Government actions influence both the efficiency of our economy and the equity and equality within our society. Students learn valuable analytical tools for evaluating public projects, tax policies, entitlement programs and voting behavior. Offered most years. Counts toward American studies major. Prerequisite: ECON 262 and either ECON 263 or STAT 272, completion of BTS-T, or permission of instructor.


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Classic economics assumes that people make decisions rationally. Behaviorial economics weakens that assumption, incorporating the findings of psychology into economic models. Students learn to apply behaviorial economics theories to improve their understanding of business, marketing, public policy, and other domains of economics. Students utilize skills they have learned from microeconomic theory and statistics orally and in writing. Offered most years. Prerequisites: ECON 262 and either ECON 263 or STAT 272, or permission of instructor.


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This course provides a theoretical and practical foundation for assisting secondary readers. Students learn the essentials of good reading instruction and apply them in the making of a three-week literature unit. Required 10-hour field experience. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisites: EDUC 290 and EDUC 330, or permission of instructor.


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This course prepares pre-service communication arts/literature teachers to share their love of the English language with secondary students. Attention is given to the theory and techniques of teaching speech, listening, media literacy, writing, literature and reading. In addition, students explore topics including multicultural literature, adolescent literature, responding to and evaluating writing, unit planning in the language arts, and the National Council of Teachers of English Standards. Required field experience component. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: EDUC 330.


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Students are assigned to a full-time internship in schools under the guidance of a competent cooperating teacher and supervised by faculty from both the content area department and the Education Department. Student teaching provides the best possible introduction to the teaching experience. Student teachers practice all classroom teaching skills required to assure competency to begin their first-year of teaching. Minimum of 14 full-time weeks teaching, including orientation sessions and required seminars. Student teachers only -- seniors or college graduates. Offered each semester.


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Student teaching provides the best possible introduction to the teaching experience. Student teachers practice all classroom teaching skills required to assure competency to begin their first year of teaching. Students are assigned to a full-time internship in schools under the guidance of a competent cooperating teacher and supervised by faculty from both the content area department and the Education Department. Minimum of 6-10 full-time weeks teaching. Only student teachers can enroll: seniors or college graduates seeking an additional license. Offered each semester and Interim. Cannot be taken concurrently with EDUC 389 or EDUC 390. Prerequisite: completion of EDUC 389 or EDUC 390 or equivalent.


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Focusing on global literatures in English and/or multicultural literatures within a single nation, this topics course examines literature as a human expression that embraces both commonality and difference within and across cultures. This course also employs critical approaches specifically designed to address cross-cultural literary issues. It may be repeated if topics are different. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Students explore the histories, cultural patterns, religious practices, key institutions, gender issues, narrative styles, and significant contributions to our nation of an array of racial and multicultural groups. Such diverse writers as Leslie Silko, Chaim Potok, Amy Tan, and Toni Morrison raise questions about voice and identity, both individual and collective. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Students encounter literature from former British colonies and from other countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Primary attention is given to literatures in English, but the readings may include some translations. The course examines diverse cultural expressions and the historical and cultural contexts of the works read, including the relationship between oral and written literature and between indigenous and foreign elements. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Two themes persist in early British literature: the role of fate (Old English wyrd) versus free will and the power of wonders--from the miraculous to the magical. These themes are traced in the Old English period in sermons, charms and riddles, biblical epics and Christian texts, and the heroic epic Beowulf. Readings from the Middle English period include lyric and ballad, romance from the Arthurian and non-Arthurian traditions, drama, allegory, mystical treatises, and Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Students read and discuss children's literature from a variety of cultures and time periods. Beginning with fairy tales and folklore and children's classics as background, students explore an array of picture books, poetry, fiction, and nonfiction that exemplifies the best in fantasy, science fiction, and realism for children and young adults. Prerequisite: FYW.


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In this course, students read a variety of early American literarary works (novels, poems, essays, autobiographies, chronicles) from the early period of North American exploration to the founding of the United States. The course focuses on intersections between literature and history, examining how the American nation was "written into existence" in literature, and examines connections between literature and discourses of nationalism, race, gender, and religion. Prerequisite: FYW. Counts toward American studies and English majors. Offered periodically.


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Through nonfiction, fiction, and poetry, students explore the complex relations between humans and the "natural" world. Students consider questions such as the following: What does it mean to be connected to a landscape? What is a sense of place? Students also reflect on how they and the writers they read put landscape into language. Prerequisite: FYW.


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These courses emphasize the study of literature united by specific formal elements rather than by theme, topic, historical period, or national origin. The genre studied may be broad, such as narrative fiction, or narrowly defined, such as the elegy. The course focuses on the study of literature through a critical exploration of form. May be repeated if topics are different. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Heroes, monsters, battles, and journeys - for over a thousand years, elements of epic poetry shaped ideas of what a good story should be. But with the modern age, the novel replaced epic as the most culturally revered literary form. Students explore how the novel draws upon as well as rejects the epic tradition, and how the novel reflects what wemean by "modernity" itself. This course ranges from Anglo-Saxon epic to modern and contemporary novels. Counts toward English major. Offered in alternate years during spring semester. Prerequisite:FYW.


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Students develop and complete individual projects in fiction, deepening and polishing their work. Class sessions are devoted to discussion of craft, examination of literary models, and workshopping of student writing. Prerequisites: Completion of ENGL 293 or permission of the instructor.


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"To be or not to be" is only one of many ethical questions raised by dramatists writing in English, from medieval moralities to postmodern plays. Using a framework of readings from classical and contemporary ethical theories, students examine moral and ethical conflicts within plays from several periods. The course also addresses the works in their cultural and theatrical contexts; students attend a performance of one play on the syllabus. Counts toward English major. Offered in alternate years. Ticket fee required. Prerequisites: BTS-T and ENGL 185 plus at least two English courses at level II, or permission of instructor.


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In this seminar, students learn about a range of methods for literary research by exploring literature in the context of critical, theoretical, cultural, or historical materials. For each student, the centerpiece of the course is the research and writing of along essay that represents his or her individual research interests. Students share and respond to each other's work-in-progress and present their completed projects to the seminar. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisites: Open to juniors and seniors who have completed ENGL 185 and at least two level II English courses or by permission of the instructor.


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EnvSt 281 Sustainable Development (SOCSCI) – Seth Binder The past 200 years have seen unprecedented, exponential improvements in the health and material well -being of humankind. Yet, a substantial portion of the world's 7 billion people is largely excluded from this progress. Many of the same forces that have created this extraordinary material growth and concomitant inequality have also contributed to the vast and rapid alteration our natural environment. The unintended negative consequences of environmental change threaten to rob current and future populations of the benefits of continued economic development. This has led to a call for "sustainable development." In this course, we will discuss the ethical and historical underpinnings of the sustainable development concept; explore what exactly is required for development to be susta inable (especially with respect to the environment); investigate the factors that have led development to be particularly unsustainable; and evaluate a variety of steps -- both incremental and radical -- that can put us on a path to more sustainable development.


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EnvSt 381 Contested Spaces (ARTS/HUMANITIES)- Mark Allister This course will cover basic hydrological concepts within the context of water resources management and anthropogenic impacts on water quantity and quality. It will include an introduction to the basic physical principles of the hydrologic cycle including precipitation, snowmelt, infiltration, evapotranspiration, soil water storage, surface and subsurface flow to streams, groundwater and stream flow. The course will be a combination of lecture, discussion, mathematical models, and hands-on measurement of hydrological processes. Examples of models we will cover include instream flow, habitat, and water quality. Students aim to understand an "integral ecology" that might reveal all that is at stake in a contested environmental space.


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This course introduces students to the areas of sport psychology, sport administration, sport physiology, and sport pedagogy and serves as a foundation to the series of courses required for coaching certification. Successful completion of the course may include certification in the American Sport Education Program (ASEP). Offered annually.


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This course involves practice and game observation and a practicum in coaching a sport. Students are involved in practice planning and drill work, game preparation, and administration, as well as game rules and coaching strategies. This course applies toward the coaching sequence only. Offered annually. Prerequisite: ESTH 238 and permission of instructor.


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Students study in-depth the physiology of exercise, covering cardiovascular and muscular adaptions to exercise and factors affecting performance, including body composition, environmental influences, training implications across gender and age, and the assessment of fitness. The course includes a laboratory component. Offered annually. Prerequisite: junior standing and BIO 143 and BIO 243 or consent of instructor.


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Students may be co-registered for the capstone course and their final core courses in the major. Students conduct semester-long research on a topic and present their findings in the formof a research paper. Offered annually. Prerequisite: senior standing.


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Students study the contemporary American family as it meets the challenge of a changing social world. The primary objective is to enlarge both personal and intellectual understanding of the complex issues facing families. Using the range of behavioral sciences concerned with family life, students study the interaction of individuals within families and families within society. Primary emphasis is on theories and practice of family communication. Offered annually in the spring semester. Counts towards American studies major, family studies concentration, and women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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This capstone seminar required of all concentrators focuses on the exploration of current research and the integration of key foundation disciplines in the study of families. Students explore special topics through assigned readings and lecture material. Prerequisites: FAMST 232 and FAMST 242. Students can take FAMST 242 and FAMST 391 concurrently with permission of department chair or FAMST 391 instructor.


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This course pursues the expansion of Christianity throughout the Roman world and the synthesis of Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman thought in the early Middle Ages. Students consider the development of a unified world view as expressed in religious devotions, philosophy, literature, and art and in monasticism and feudalism in Church and Empire. Students discuss works by Augustine, Benedict, Hildegard of Bingen, Aquinas, Dante, Chaucer, and Christine de Pisan, medieval drama, and the artistry of Chartres Cathedral. Offered annually in the spring semester. Counts towards medieval studies major. Prerequisites: GCON 113 and GCON 115.


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Students spend four weeks during Interim or summer in an individually selected German or Austrian workplace. Opportunities include work in health care, communications, and manufacturing as well as non-profit organizations, libraries, businesses, laboratories, offices, and churches. Assignment of position varies with availability in host institutions.Maybe counted toward German major or German studies concentration. Prerequisite: at least one 250-level course.


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Students explore the form, history and theory of a particular genre or medium, including film, the novella, drama, poetry and short story, or the works of a single author or period. Coursework includes close reading, discussion, analysis and interpretation of visual and/or written texts.Taught in German. May be counted toward German major or German studies concentration. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisite: at least one 270-level course.


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The New Testament is the most famous and most widely translated Greek text from antiquity. Students have the opportunity to read one or more of the Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, or selected Pauline letters in the original language. Questions about the transmission of the text and about its theological implications provoke lively discussions. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: GREEK 231 or equivalent.


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This course will look at the changing ideological and policy responses Americans made to the Cold War and the ways historians have interpreted and explained them. We'll examine both American foreign policy and its domestic ramifications, like McCarthysim and domestic spy cases. Each student will pursue an individual project at the end of the semester.


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By examining the interaction of people and environment on the North American continent from the 15th century to the present, this course shows how history "takes place" in ecological contexts that change over time. Students compare Native American and Euro-American religious beliefs, social values, economic aspirations, and technological developments and examine their consequences for the flora, fauna, and peoples of the continent. Counts toward American studies major and environmental studies major (all tracks) and concentration.


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This seminar covers various topics in the history of medieval Europe, depending upon the instructor. The most recently offered topic: "Medieval Italy, 1050-1350." May be repeated if topics are different. Offered periodically. Counts toward medieval studies major.


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This seminar covers various topics in modern European history, depending upon the instructor. Recent topics have included "Gender and the Enlightenment," "The Holocaust and History," "Race, Gender, and Medicine," and "Nation and Empire in Russian History." May be repeated if topics are different. Offered most years. Prerequisites for certain offerings.


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370A American Revolution: History and Historians - Professor Hahn - Many American historians would argue that the American Revolution was the defining event in United States history. Take away the colonists' rebellion and hard-fought separation from Great Britain and what is left is a country devoid of much of its political and cultural character. The problem, as John Adams recognized, is that the Revolution, then as now, meant different things to different people, making it a difficult subject about which to write. As a result, generations of historians have interpreted the origins and consequences of the Revolution in a variety of creative and contradictory ways. The aim of this course is not only to examine the American Revolution's key events, but also to explore the various interpretations of its origins and consequences. Students will read from a diverse body of literature derived from several scholarly traditions, addressing questions such as: How radical was the revolution? Who made the Revolution happen? Who benefited most? Why did some refuse to support it? Why 1776? As we will see, the debates surrounding such questions remain heated and contested to this day, proof positive of the Revolution's enduring legacy. What we may find is that the Revolution's final chapter, in some sense, has yet to be written.
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370B Civil Rights - Professor Fitzgerald - From Segregation to Civil Rights, this course examines the scholarly literature on the origins and outcome of the Civil Rights movement, basically 1900 to the 1970s, from the origins of Jim Crow to its overthrow. The primary focus will be on the South, and how southern racial issues played out before the nation and the world, particularly via the media. The class will culminate with an original research paper drawing on the range of primary sources available. Relevant coursework on African-American history, the Civil War era, recent US history, or lynching is strongly recommended.


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Oral communication is an essential part of science and mathematics. Students work closely with a faculty member to learn and practice important aspects of communicating technical information to both expert and non-expert audiences. Enrollment by permission of instructor only. P/N only. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: Previous participation in summer communication series.


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This course explores the intersection of science, scientific knowledge, and contemporary social problems. Through sustained inquiry into a specific issue or topic, it shows students the strengths and potential overlap of different research methods and perspectives from the social and natural sciences. Depending on the topic, students may also investigate the impact of the legal and political context on such work, and the complexities of representing research to the larger public. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing; a limited number of sophomores will be allowed to enroll. Offered periodically. May be repeated if topic is different. In 2014-15 counts as an elective toward psychology and sociology/anthropology majors.


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Students continue to develop the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills that enable them to deal not only with topics of daily life, but also cultural themes and authentic materials. Class meets four times weekly. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: JAPAN 231 or its equivalent.


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This course builds on Japanese 301 and aims to increase the knowledge of Japanese people, language, and society by comparing with students' own cultures in their target language. Authentic "texts" (images, video clips, written texts, etc.) support student learning. Prerequisite: JAPAN 301 or its equivalent.


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Lord Tennyson called Vergil the "wielder of the stateliest measure ever moulded by the lips of man." Students encounter that stately measure when they translate selections from Vergil's three major poems (Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid). They also engage in spirited discussion of Homer's influence on Vergil and of Vergil's influence on the literature, art, and music of Western civilization. Offered alternate years in the spring semester. Prerequisite: LATIN 231 or equivalent.


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This course beautifully illustrates the nature of mathematics as a blend of technique, theory, abstraction, and applications. The important problem of solving systems of linear equations leads to the study of matrix algebra, determinants, vector spaces, bases and dimension, linear transformations, and eigenvalues. Offered each semester and periodically during Interim. Prerequisite: MATH 119 or MATH 120.


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This course introduces differential equations and analytical, numerical, and graphical techniques for the analysis of their solutions. First- and second-order differential equations and linear systems are studied. Applications are selected from areas such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, and physics. Laplace transforms or nonlinear systems may be covered as time permits. Students use computers extensively to calculate and visualize results. Offered each semester. Counts toward neuroscience and mathematical biology concentrations. Prerequisite: MATH 126 or MATH 128 and MATH 220.


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Using problem solving techniques, students study topics from non-continuous mathematics, including basic counting principles, mathematical induction, recursion, efficiency of algorithms,and graph theory. Offered in alternate years. Students may not take this course after MATH 244, MATH 252, or MATH 282 without permission of instructor. Prerequisite: MATH 119 or MATH 120 or CSCI 121 or CSCI 125 or permission of instructor.


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Algebra is concerned with sets of objects and operations that satisfy a few basic properties. Using the properties we study axiomatic systems such as groups, rings, and fields, covering topics such as homomorphisms, cosets, quotient structures, polynomial rings,and finite fields. Emphasis is on theory and on developing the ability to write proofs. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: MATH 220. Permission of instructor required for first-year students.


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Students are introduced to modeling and mathematical optimization techniques (e.g., linear programming, network flows, discrete optimization, constrained and unconstrained nonlinear programming, queuing theory). Students use computers to explore these topics, but prior computer experience is not assumed. Offered annually. Prerequisites: MATH 126 or MATH 128, and MATH 220; MATH 226 and/or MATH 262 recommended.


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This course is a continuation of the study of the theory of groups, rings, and fields. Topics include group actions, Sylow theory, and Galois theory. Other topics may include representation theory, module theory, and others. Offered in alternate years. Prerequisite: MATH 252.


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This course provides a capstone to the concentration. Taught as a seminar, it investigates critical and specialized issues in media from multiple and often competing perspectives. Topics change regularly and address a wide range of media-related concerns. Sample topics include Media and the Environment, Media and Religion, Media and Globalization. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: MEDIA 160 or permission of instructor.


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This course introduces the key elements of marketing principles. Topics include evaluating market opportunities; buyer behavior; market segmentation, targeting, and positioning; market strategy and planning; development of marketing mix; and marketing organization and control. Students are challenged to apply the principles learned in class to current and real world marketing issues. The course includes readings, case study analysis, in-class exercises and group projects. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: one of Economics 110-121 or permission of instructor.


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This course explores the relationship between concert music and popular music of the 20th century. Students learn the basic elements of music and critical listening skills, apply those skills to a variety of music from concert and popular styles and analyze the relationship between the styles. Students use a variety of activities, including group work and individual presentations, to achieve these goals. Offered alternately with Music 131 and 132.


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Students learn to create improvised solos based on standard jazz practice from different historical eras. To internalize the styles of jazz masters from different time periods, participants transcribe recorded jazz solos by ear and perform them in class. Students gain appreciation of and experience with different harmonic and scalar conceptions through performing and analyzing selected jazz solos. Open to instrumentalists and vocalists. Generally offered every spring semester.


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Students study and practice principles for singing in French and German with good pronunciation, enunciation, and expression. Course content includes phonetic analysis using the International Phonetic Alphabet and identifying and exercising the phonemic features of French and German through class performances and listening assignments. Offered spring semester 2014-15 and alternate years. Prerequisite: MUSIC 263 and two semesters of voice lessons.


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Analysis is a course of discovery, using advanced tools of music theory to examine the ways in which great works of music are put together. Students examine principles of form and style and, using a range of analytical techniques, come to a deeper understanding of tonal music. The course focuses on Classical and Romantic literature, with some work in 20th-century tonality. Offered spring semester 2014-15 and alternate years. Prerequisite: MUSIC 214.


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Students develop more advanced technique in writing for instruments and voice through individual study in creative composition, focusing on smaller ensembles. May be repeated. Generally offered each semester. Prerequisite: MUSIC 223.


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This course continues the study in creative composition begun in MUSIC 223 and MUSIC 324 and includes writing for large ensembles. May be repeated. Generally offered each semester. Prerequisites: MUSIC 221, MUSIC 223, MUSIC 324, and permission of instructor.


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An in-depth study of music literature and styles, ca. 1600-1750. Students survey music for vocal chamber ensemble, choirs, and solo and concerted instrumental genres as conceived for church, theater, and chamber settings. Through readings, listening, lectures, discussion, score study, research, and writing, students learn about developments in sacred, instrumental, and dramatic music from Caccini and Monteverdi to Bach and Handel. Offered spring semester 2014-15 and alternate years. Prerequisites: MUSIC 241 and MUSIC 242.


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Students encounter in-depth studies in a specific topic or area of music history. The content and nature of this course are determined by the instructor and the music department. Sample topics include American music, studies in classical music, opera, and folk and pop influences in art music. May be repeated if topics are different. Offered each semester. Prerequisites: MUSIC 241 and MUSIC 242.


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An introduction to principles, methods and resources for effective and creative music teaching through the piano. Students observe demonstration teaching at various levels and in individual and group settings, engage in peer teaching, analyze and perform teaching literature, and discuss topics such as technical development, learning stages and styles, and studio management. Offered spring semester 2014-15 and alternate years.


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This course continues the studies begun in 391. Students consider recruitment and music administration, and composing and arranging music for worship. Offered spring semester 2014-15 and alternate years. Prerequisite: MUSIC 391.


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Neuroscience is one of the fastest-growing fields in the sciences, with research interests ranging from molecular genetics to whole animal behavior. Topics include membrane biophysics, synaptic transmission and plasticity, intracellular signaling, sensory transduction, motor control systems, and development. Counts toward the biology major. Offered annually, usually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: BIO 143 or CH/BI 227 or BIO 227 or PSYCH 238.


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Students analyze the plays of Henrik Ibsen in English translation using a variety of critical approaches. Students investigate ethical issues and themes in Ibsen's plays by examining the plays through the lens of ethics, using readings in ethical theory to better understand both the ethical issues and the plays themselves. Students also study Ibsen's dramatic technique and the historical and literary context of his work. Taught in English. Offered most years. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration. Prerequisite: BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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A study of Norwegian literature from 1890 to the present, this chronological overview places contemporary Norwegian literature in the context of historical, cultural, and linguistic change and relates Norwegian literature to international trends. Lectures, essays, and class discussion are in Norwegian. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: NORW 253 or equivalent.


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This course examines how contemporary culture influences present-day wellness perspectives. Values, lifestyle, daily stresses, and corresponding coping mechanisms affecting one's well-being are explored. Students study health behaviors as a function of social influences and, conversely, the impact of unhealthy coping behaviors on the social enterprise. This course also includes an exploration of wellness from the perspective of non-western cultures. Offered annually during Interim, spring semester, or fall semester. Counts towards American studies major and media studies and film studies concentrations.


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This course explores health problems in adults requiring medical or surgical care. Students utilize the roles of caregiver, patient advocate, educator, and collaborator in thecare of individuals. Classes integrate pathophysiology, pharmacology, and knowledge of acute and chronic health problems in the adult population. Clinical experiences are provided in a variety of settings serving adult and elderly populations, as well as in simulation. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisites: NURS 302, NURS 304, NURS 306, and NURS 308.


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This course explores health problems of children requiring medical or surgical care. Students integrate knowledge of developmental, transcultural, and communication theories in the care of children from infancy through adolescence. Trends and issues related to family-centered health care are explored. Students further develop the roles of educator, collaborator, advocate, and caregiver. A variety of pediatric clinical settings, as well as simulation, are utilized. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: NURS 336 or concurrent registration.


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This course explores the theories of leadership, management, and organizations and the process of managing personnel and work. Concepts of change, conflict negotiation, and preparation for professional practice are examined. Professional communication is emphasized through writing and conducting a teaching conference for personnel. The roles of leader, manager, and coordinator are emphasized. Clinical experiences and simulation focus on providing nursing care to groups of adults with complex health problems. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: NURS 336.


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This course examines the development of Western philosophy in the 17th and 18th centuries. Students explore the historical foundations of central issues in metaphysics and epistemology in the works of such thinkers as Descartes, Pascal, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. Topics may include conceptions of God, freedom, knowledge and skepticism, the nature of ideas, and the foundations of modern science. Offered annually. Prerequisite: one course in philosophy or consent of instructor.


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Students examine feminist critiques of aspects of contemporary culture that shape women's lives, such as conventional morality, science, education, art, medicine, law, religion, and marriage. Students critically examine philosophical views that underlie these institutions, including views of human nature, gender, rationality, knowledge, morality, justice, and the value of autonomy. Alternative feminist views that promote feminist aims are explored and evaluated. Offered most years. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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Modern science raises important challenges for ethics and religion. Some are theoretical: can evolutionary and cognitive science be fully accommodated by religious persons and moral realists? Are the arguments for God's existence helped or hurt by modern science? Scientific developments also give rise to practical challenges for ethics. Should we radically enhance human nature? Does neuroscience show that we can't be morally responsible? Should we worry about global catastrophes? Students explore these or related questions. Offered annually. Prerequisite: completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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This course considers the relationships between moral principles, law, and the practice of governments. Topics may include the "Just War" debate, censorship, property rights and distributive justice, natural law, political liberalism and its critics, whether governments should act in accordance with specific moral principles or remain neutral, the tensions between individual rights and the good of the community, and the role of religion in public life. Offered most years. Prerequisite: completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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Valuing nature raises significant philosophical and ethical issues. This course considers the nature of animal life, the character and control of pollution, the conflict between preservationism and conservationism, corporate and governmental responsibility for the eco-crisis, the use of economic categories to assess wilderness areas and endangered species, the conflict between eco-holism and individualism, and the philosophy of wilderness management. Offered annually. Counts toward environmental studies major (all tracks) and concentration. Prerequisite: completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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This seminar seeks a culturally respectful ethical framework for developing health policies for the increasingly interdependent world, a world of widening disparities in wealth and health. In relation to issues of health, how might relationships between individuals, institutions ,and nations be structured to reduce injustice and improve prospects for well-being, peace, and security? How might different cultural, political, and industrial conditions around the world affect western conceptions of bioethics? Offered periodically. Counts towards philosophy major. Prerequisite: BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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Students examine contemporary approaches to classical issues in ethics and theory of value: the nature of moral judgments; theories of moral obligation and value; the concept of moral responsibility; and the relation of morality to science, religion, and law. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisites: two courses in philosophy, one of which must be either PHIL 235 or PHIL 236 or permission of the department chair; completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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Intended as a capstone course for the major, the seminar studies a selected topic, figure, or movement in philosophy, with emphasis on independent research and student presentations. Consult department's prospectus for details. May be repeated if topics are different. Offered annually. Prerequisite: upper-level philosophy major or consent of instructor.


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Quantum mechanics has changed the conceptual framework for our understanding of atoms and molecules, both as free particles and in condensed states of matter. It also guides our understanding of the nucleus and elementary particles. This course examines these discoveries and several applications they produced. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisites: PHYS 232 and concurrent registration in PHYS 245 and MATH 230.


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This course utilizes integral and vector calculus in a thorough and analytic examination of classical electromagnetic theory and the physical laws on which it is based. Topics include electric and magnetic fields, macroscopic interaction of electromagnetism with matter, and the propagation of electromagnetic waves in various media. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisites: PHYS 232 and MATH 230 and either MATH 226 or MATH 330 or similar course upon approval of the department chair; concurrent registration in PHYS 385 is required.


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Experiments are selected from the areas of physics covered by PHYS 374, PHYS 375, and PHYS 376 respectively. Emphasis is on the development of good laboratory techniques and the ability to work independently. Each 0.25-course registration averages one afternoon of work each week. Offered annually in the spring semester.


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Seniors study topics of current interest, based upon presentations by staff, participants, and visitors, library research and assigned readings. P/N only. Available on request. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisites: PHYS 374, PHYS 375, and PHYS 376.


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This course explores the diverse modes of inquiry in the discipline of political science. Broadly centered around the question, "How do you know?," students focus on different methods of locating and collecting data, reviewing political texts and contested concepts, and constructing theoretical explanations of political phenomena. Offered each semester. Counts toward environmental studies major (social science track). Prerequisite: one previous course in department. Non-majors may register with permission of instructor.


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This seminar integrates the liberal arts with the experience of work and the search for a vocationor career. Course content will include both an off-campus internship and on-campus class sessions that connect academic theories/analyses of work with their particular internship experience. Students will also consider and articulate the value of the liberal arts for their pursuit of a creative, productive, and satisfying personal life.


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This seminar introduces the core questions, concepts, and theories of the field of American politics. With topics varying from term to term, students read both "cutting edge" research and the classic articles of the field. The methodology employed in the research is a central topic. Students ask whether the methods are appropriate and helpful for answering the central questions of American politics. The course also includes a major research project. Counts towards American studies major. Prerequisites: PSCI 220 and one course in the subfield, or permission of instructor.


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The course introduces core questions, concepts, and theories of international relations. Topics vary, ranging from persistent problems and enduring themes in global relations to prominent questions confronting scholars of international relations. The course highlights methods and practices of political science research and includes a major research project. Prerequisites: PSCI 220 and one course in the subfield, or permission of instructor.


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Individuals, communities, and organizations have found ways to address even the most egregious state abuses of human rights and other injustices. Using comparative analysis, this course considers cases and theories of nonviolent personal and political resistance and the factors that appear to contribute to people taking action and to successful responses. Students research and analyze cases of their choosing in light of the literature. Prerequisites: PSCI 220 and at least one comparative politics course or permission of instructor.


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Students examine the geopolitics and political economy of Russia as an energy producing and consuming "Petrostate." Beginning with the domestic political economy of the Russian energy industries, students proceed to Russia's relations with Central Asia from which it imports gas and with Europe to which it exports oil and gas. The course also considers Russia's relationships with the U.S.A., India, and China. Special attention given to Russian/Norwegian energy relations in the Barents Sea. Prerequisite: PSCI 220 and at least one comparative politics course or permission of instructor.


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This course prepares the student with tools for understanding how research studies in psychology are conceptualized, designed, carried out, interpreted, and disseminated to the public. Use of library and Internet resources, ethical guidelines in the conduct of research and the skills of good scientific writing are emphasized. Students work independently and in small groups to design and conduct their own research projects. The course includes lecture and laboratory work. Offered each semester. Counts toward environmental studies major (social science track) and statistics concentration. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125, and STAT 110 or STAT 212 or STAT 214 or ECON 263.


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How do biological factors influence fundamental aspects of psychology and behavior? In this course, students learn about relationships between the brain and behavior and use neuroanatomical, physiological, and biochemical levels of analysis to understand basic behavioral processes and systems, including sensation, movement, emotion, sleep and arousal, hunger, motivation, learning, and psychopathology. Offered each semester. Counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125 or BIO 123, BIO 125, or BIO 227 or CH/BI 227.


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This course helps students better understand human development from the moment of conception and across the life span. The course focuses on biological and environmental factors that shape human development. Major changes in physical, cognitive, personality and social development are discussed. Offered each semester. Counts toward nursing, social work, and women's and gender studies majors and educational studies, family studies, and women's and gender studies concentrations. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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In this course, students explore methods that psychologists use to develop meaningful, nuanced understandings of individual persons. The richness and complexity of personality is seen as students get first-hand experience interviewing a hired subject, interpreting personality tests, analyzing personal narratives, and applying theories and concepts used in personality and clinical psychology. Integrating information about unique personal history, personality dynamics, and life story, students learn to develop coherent conceptualizations of the signature-like features of another's personality. Counts toward psychology major. Prerequisite: PSYCH 230 and PSYCH 244 or permission of instructor.


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This course examines several major theoretical perspectives on psychotherapy. Students review empirically supported treatments for specific clinical disorders, as well as "nonspecific" factors that affect the therapeutic process. Students explore ethical and legal challenges related to psychotherapy delivery, as well as multicultural and other diversity issues. Course format is primarily discussion-based. Offered annually. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing and PSYCH 230, plus PSYCH 244 or PSYCH 247.


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Seminars allow in-depth study of particular themes or topics in psychology. See department Website for descriptions and additional prerequisites. Offered most years. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisite: PSYCH 230.


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Students continue their grammar, oral, and written work with an emphasis on conversation and reading selections from classical and contemporary Russian authors. Offered annually inthe spring semester. Prerequisite: RUSSN 231 or equivalent.


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This survey of Russian culture and civilization uses original Russian texts on history, the arts, religion, and education, as well as documentary films and selections from literature. The course fosters the acquisition of the language of Russian cultural and intellectual discourse. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: RUSSN 251 or permission of the instructor.


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This course considers masterworks of Russian and Soviet cinema from the Bolshevik revolution to the present. Students examine significant Russian contributions to world cinema. Readings and topics include basic cinema analysis, Russian cinema criticism, and Russian film theory. Offered in alternate years. Counts toward film studies concentration.


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Since perestroika the Russian press covers a variety of topics that are both culturally and intellectually challenging. The goal of this course is to explore a variety of topics significant for Russian society and culture as well as to further develop the language of intellectual discourse through the treatment of complex issues in the press. Taught in Russian. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: RUSSN 254 or permission of the instructor.


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This course focuses on the theories, political goals, strategies, and activities of the emerging trends of Islamic feminisms. After mapping the landscape of this movement and identifying its different manifestations, students investigate Islamic feminists' readings and interpretations of the Quran, Hadith, and Islamic history. The course examines methods Islamic feminists use in interpreting and reinterpreting such sources, politics and strategies they employ, and the impact of their work on Muslim women's lives worldwide. Offered during fall or spring semester. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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This course explores the forces that shape contemporary Latin American society, including material and cultural interactions with Europe, Africa, and the U.S. Emphasis is placed on understanding the formation of the region in terms of the responses of key groups of actors (indigenous peoples, women, peasants, workers, the poor, migrants, revolutionaries) to the actions of outside and/or more powerful forces and institutions (foreign invaders, the state, the military, missionaries, multinational corporations). Offered annually in the fall or spring semester. Counts toward Latin American studies concentration.


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This course explores the lives and experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, and queer people and their allies (LGBTQA) in U.S. society, using social science monographs, memoirs, and fiction. Students explore social and religious attitudes towards LGBTQA people, their changing political and legal status, the emergence and changes in LGBTQA culture and political movements, same-sex marriage and families, Black and Latino LGBTQA experiences, the role of heterosexual allies, and other related topics.


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This course provides an overview of the major thinkers who sought to create a science of human society, the ideas they found fundamental to a science of society and how human society changes through history. Classical thinkers such as Marx, Durkheim, Simmel, Weber, and Mead are studied along with the schools of theory which they inspired: positivism, interpretive and critical conflict theory. Open to sociology/anthropology majors only. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: one sociology/anthropology course.


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Students learn to design and conduct qualitative research in the tradition of sociological and anthropological ethnography. Students discuss theoretical approaches to ethnography and learn data collection methods through case studies and fieldwork assignments. Students use their own research to gain experience in interpreting field notes, doing analysis, and writing an ethnographic interpretation of their research findings. Open to junior or senior sociology/anthropology majors only. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: SOAN 291or SOAN 292.


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Students explore the topic of family and society in the Spanish-speaking world and develop critical reading skills by analyzing cultural documents (literary and non-literary texts, including at least one substantive literary work). This cultural analysis provides for extensive writing (e.g., description, narration, exposition, and argumentation). Taught in Spanish. Offered each semester. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and family studies and women's and gender studies concentrations. Prerequisite: SPAN 232 or placement into SPAN 250.


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Students examine the diverse elements that have shaped Latin American culture through an exploration of political, social, economic, religious, and artistic topics. They develop critical analysis skills through reading, discussion, and written and/or oral projects. The course features the study of selected literary and non-literary texts, including at least one substantive literary work. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 250.


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Students explore the processes involved in the acquisition of Spanish as a first and second language and the variation present in the language of both native and non-native speakers of Spanish from Spain, Latin America, and the U.S. Hispanic linguistics are studied with special attention paid to the socio-cultural as well as structural aspects. The course includes the study of at least one substantive literary work. Includes pronunciation lab. Taught in Spanish. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: SPAN 250.


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What is the role of language in our society? What is the impact of bilingualism in the U.S.? Students explore such questions from current Spanish socio-linguistics research. Through analysis of data, students examine issues of language contact, variation and change, language and gender, language and power, and/or language planning. May be repeated if topics are different. This course includes the study of at least one substantive literary work. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisites: SPAN 250 and SPAN 276.


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Students explore one or more periods, genres, or topics of Spanish literature from its beginnings to the 21st century. Selected literary works are analyzed within their socio-historical and cultural contexts and in reference to pertinent critical or theoretical issues. Sample topics include: Sin and the Church in Medieval Literature, The Stage as Political Propaganda in Imperial Spain, and Federico García Lorca: Voices of the Oppressed. May be repeated if topics are different. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: SPAN 275.


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A first course in statistical methods for scientists, this course addresses issues for proposing/designing an experiment, as well as exploratory and inferential techniques for analyzing and modeling scientific data. Topics include probability models, exploratory graphics, descriptive techniques, statistical designs, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and simple/multipler egression. Offered each semester. Enrollment limited for seniors. STAT 110, STAT 212, and ECON 263 all provide an introduction to statistics and students should not take more than one; they all can serve as a prerequisite for further courses. Counts toward the mathematical biology concentration. Prerequisite: MATH 119 or MATH 120 or equivalent.


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This course engages students with the material in STAT 212 in greater depth and breadth. Topics such as bootstrapping and multiple regression will be introduced in addition to core material from STAT 212. No previous experiences with statistics is assumed; this course provides an introduction to statistics, but it can also be taken by students coming from STAT 110, ECON 263, or AP Statistics who would like a transition into the statistics concentration. Counts toward mathematical biology concentration. Prerequisites: MATH 119 or MATH 120 or equivalent, or CSCI125, or some previous statistics (e.g., AP Statistics or STAT 110 or ECON 263).


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This course takes a case-study approach to the fitting and assessment of statistical models with application to real data. Specific topics include multiple regression, model diagnostics, and logistic regression. The approach focuses on problem-solving tools, interpretation, mathematical models underlying analysis methods, and written statistical reports. Offered each semester. Counts toward mathematical biology concentration. Prerequisite: STAT 110, STAT 212, or STAT 214, or ECON 263, or equivalent preparation, or permission of instructor.


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Immigration policy and welfare reform exemplify how society's values and needs translate into policies and programs. Social workers create, implement, and evaluate policies in health, employment, housing, and child welfare. Students study policy formation and analysis that reflect interests and powers of diverse groups as well as economic and social realities of certain populations at risk. The course emphasizes policy impact on women, people in poverty, African-Americans, gay men and lesbians, and Latinos, and empowerment in policy practice. Open to non-majors by permission of instructor. Offered annually in the spring semester. Counts toward American studies major and biomedical studies concentration (for students through class of 2016).


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Social work majors continue to study the methods and skills of generalist practice. They assess strengths and problems of diverse groups, organizations, and communities and use the systems perspective to help client systems frame goals and plans for social change. Students scientifically assess macrosystems and develop plans for implementing change that are reflective, scientific, just, and grounded in the liberal arts. This course includes a community engagement project. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: SWRK 254.


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Social work majors study scientific philosophies and approaches to ethical knowledge building for social work practice. The course includes an overview of the research process using both quantitative and qualitative methods with special attention to how research knowledge informs generalist social work practice. Students apply course concepts in the field through an academic civic engagement component. Open only to social work majors. Offered annually in the spring semester.


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This capstone course is for senior majors. Students begin a professional web presence to illustrate their readiness to begin practice as a generalist social worker. Classes emphasize auxiliary knowledge and skills in leadership. Students discuss emerging social work issues and provide peer assistance with professional development strategies. Evaluation includes oral presentation, ethics case analysis, professional development reflection assignments, and self-evaluation of achievement of program competencies. Prerequisite: SWRK 380.


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This theater practicum involves the student in the conceptual and practical processes of stage performance. Class sessions include practical problem-solving and hands-on experiences for productions which are part of the St. Olaf theater season. Experiences in scenery, props, costumes, lighting, sound, and stage management are available. Contact the Theater Department office (x3420) for specific details. P/N only. First-year students are encouraged to enroll. May be repeated; four total registrations allowed. The theater practicum 253A: Design, Technical Production is offered each semester; practicum 253B: CADDPracticum - covering computer-aided design and drawing (CADD) is offered annually in the spring semester.


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An in-depth investigation of a selected topic through readings, bibliography, reports and projects. Students may register for the course more than once, provided a different topic is studied. Offered annually. Prerequisite: THEAT 110 or THEAT 180. Some topics courses may require additional prerequisites. Please inquire in the Theater Department office before registering.


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Blending the reading seminar and writing workshop, this course offers advanced practice in critical reading and writing with emphasis on a particular discipline or topic. Students will read and respond critically to a range of writing that may include textbook chapters, popular feature stories, and creative literature. The course emphasizes how writers use common rhetorical strategies, such as making and supporting claims, integrating research, and narrating to communicate effectively in a variety of genres for multiple audiences. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term. Prequisite: successful completion of FYW.


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Students learn a language such as Arabic and Korean in a guided, independent study program offered through the World Languages Center. They meet with a native speaker conversation partner for three hours a week, in addition to ten hours of study on their own and mandatory tutorial sessions. Syllabi and tests are developed and administered in consultation with an expert outside examiner. Students in this program are strongly encouraged to take courses in the general curriculum that provide important cultural context for the study of their language. The language(s) offered in any semester depend(s) on student interest, usually requiring 2-5 students to offer a section. Prerequisite: Completion of FOL requirement. For additional course info see http://www.stolaf.edu/services/wlc/also.html


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This course examines the historical and cultural context of public education in the United States and the role that race, class, and gender have played in framing the experience we call "public education." Students explore the multicultural imperative that emerged from the school reform movements of the 1980's and 1990's. The initial work of James A. Banks and his five dimensions of multicultural education (content integration, the knowledge construction process, prejudice reduction, an equity pedagogy, and an empowering school culture and social structure) serve as the conceptual model for the course. Essential questions for the course include: To what extent has this movement transformed public school curricula and pedagogical practices? In what ways have multicultural education and critical pedagogy successfully addressed issues of inequity in public education? In society? What might a new model for the 21st century look like?


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This course provides an introduction to the computer as a tool for creating animated art. During the semester, students utilize digital painting, drawing, scanning, image manipulation, digitized sound, stop motion animation, and video to produce a variety of animated art pieces. Class projects include stop motion animation, video art, puppets, and toys. Students explore relationships between traditional and electronic art forms. Prerequisite: digital painting skills, Art 104, or permission of the instructor. Materials fee. Offered alternate years. Counts toward film studies concentration.


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This course introduces the religious and philosophical traditions of China and Japan: Confucianism, Chinese Taoism, Buddhism, Japanese Shinto and the folk traditions. Students read classical texts such as Zhuangzi and Mencius and analyze fundamental values and concepts such as Tao, yin/yang and humaneness.


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The study of global change and human environmental impacts requires students to link concepts from biology, chemistry, and physics. Students investigate these links by exploring current theories in biogeochemistry, with an emphasis on understanding the feedback between physical and ecological processes and the coupling of multiple element cycles. Laboratory activities focus on a practical exploration of the methods biogeochemists use, including experience with a variety of instruments. Prerequisite: Any level II biology, chemistry, or physics course or permission of instructor.


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The ability to reproduce is one of the key features of a living organism. Studying the biology of reproduction requires a synthesis of information and concepts from a wide range of fields within biology. This course addresses reproduction at the genetic, organismal, and population levels. Laboratory work adds a valuable investigative component to the course, and social/psychological issues are addresssed throughout. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and 126, or Chemistry/Biology 125-127 and Biology 126, or permission of instructor. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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Neurons form the basis of cellular communication in the central nervous system, and the synapses through which this communication occurs are highly plastic and subject to alterations by environmental factors such as learning, inflammation, stress, and drugs. This course investigates how changes in synaptic signaling can ultimately give rise to the expression of a variety of behaviors and psychopathologies. Class work includes presenting, writing about, and discussing a number of journal articles, literature reviews, and texts. Prerequisites: Biology 125, or Chemistry/Biology 125-127, and progress towards a major in any of the natural sciences.


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What made the last years of the Roman Republic and the early years of the Roman Empire "golden"? Students learn the answer by reading some of the finest Latin literature ever written, from epic to satire. They also do research with source materials to gain understanding about the society that produced such talented authors. The course emphasizes the many ways in which ancient Rome has influenced and continues to influence Western culture. Offered alternate years. Counts towards ancient studies major.


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Topic for 2012-13: Parallel and Distributed computing, including multicore cluster programming, and map-reduce data-intensive scalable computing. Prerequisite: Computer Science 251, or permission of instructor. Offered alternate years.


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Students explore improvisation as a movement practice, a dance technique, and a foundation for performance. The course integrates a variety of approaches to improvisation including movement exploration, Authentic Movement, somatic attention, and Contact Improvisation. The class develops individual and group movement skills and increases students' level of comfort with movement invention as a sourcing practice and a performing practice. Prerequisite: Dance 110 or Dance 111 or Dance 115 or permission of instructor. Offered annually in the spring semester.


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Students trace and integrate the African-American and Euro-American dance traditions of the late 19th, 20th and early 21st centuries, paying attention to their similarities and differences. The focus is on the theatrical dance genres of ballet, modern, and jazz (includes social dance, tap, and some musical theatre dance). At the same time, the course attends to the economic, religious, political, and social forces that have affected the development of dance in the United States. Ticket/transportation fee required. Offered annually in the spring semester. Counts towards ARMS, American studies, and women's and gender studies majors and ARMS and women's and gender studies concentrations.


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Students in this course learn and apply economic analysis, tempered by an appreciation for the political and institutional contexts of the less developed countries, to gain an understanding of these countries' economies. Using cases involving both written and oral analysis, students explore topics such as economic growth in Brazil, trade strategies in Singapore, poverty and income distribution in Taiwan, or macroeconomic performance in Mexico. Prerequisite: one of Economics 110-121 or permission of instructor. Offered annually. Counts toward environmental studies major (social science track) and Hispanic studies major and Latin American/Latino studies concentration.


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This course offers the students an integrated approach of theory, policy, and enterprise to understand international trade and investment. The course focuses on the costs and benefits of global economic interdependence for students who plan to enter an international business career or to work for government and international organizations in activities affected by international economic relations. Prerequisite: Economics 261and 262, and Statistics 263 or 272, or permission of instructor. Offered annually.


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Students teaching provides the best possible introduction to the teaching experience. Student teachers practice all classroom teaching skills required to assure competency to begin their first year of teaching. Students are assigned to a full-time internship in schools under the guidance of a competent cooperating teacher and supervised by faculty from both the content area department and the Education Department. Minimum of 6-10 full-time weeks teaching. Only student teachers can enroll: seniors or college graduates seeking dual licensure. Offered each semester and Interim. Cannot be taken concurrently with Education 389 or 390. Prerequisite: completion of Education 389 or 390 or equivalent.


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Students explore the histories, cultural patterns, religious practices, key institutions, gender issues, narrative styles, and the significant contributions to our nation of an array of racial and multicultural groups. Such diverse writers as Leslie Silko, Chaim Potok, Amy Tan, and Toni Morrison raise questions about voice and identity, both individual and collective. Prerequisite: FYW. Counts towards ARMS major and concentration. Counts towards American studies major and Africa & the Americas concentration.


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Students study individual texts as well as the development of women's literary tradition(s). How do women writers conform to and/or challenge the dominant paradigm for female identity, women's social roles and women's literary practice? Topics may include women's autobiographies, women writers and the land, contemporary women's fiction, and major women writers. Prerequisite: FYW. Counts towards women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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This course introduces students to canonical texts (for example, the epics of Homer, Virgil, Ovid, Dante, and medieval romance) and explores their influence on various authors writing in English (for example, William Shakespeare, John Milton, Aphra Behn, T.S. Eliot, H.D., William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, and Sam Selvon). Rather than study classic works as isolated masterpieces, students explore how and why later writers and artists use these texts to shape their vision of the human experience. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered alternate years. Course not open to students who are taking or have completed the Great Conversation.


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This course investigates how literature--broadly writ--represents gender diversity and conformity and the issues associated with gender, such as: family, power dynamics, oppression, activism, domesticity, hierarchies, and inequalities. The texts of the course focus on a diversity of gendered identities by complicating the gender binary of "man" and "woman." A consideration of gender separated from other identities is limiting; therefore, this course examines how gender is embedded with race, class, ability, sexual orientation, technology, religion, and/or nationality. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered alterate years. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term.


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This course gives students a hands-on opportunity to develop their use of writing strategies and technologies appropriate to workplaces. Course themes include: workplace practices, professional ethics, technology resources, promotional resources, and writing on behalf of an organization. Students create individual and collaborative projects including employment documents, proposals, brochures, memos, and other professional genres. Through case studies, readings, and/or client-based projects, students analyze writing practices in a range of professional settings. Course fee for document production. Prerequisite: FYW. Offered annually.


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Students explore specific periods in British literature and examine the relationship between literary texts and movements and their particular cultural, political, and historical contexts. Each offering of this course examines a different literary era and emphasizes specific literary and historical issues. Prerequisites: English 185 plus at least two courses at level II. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term. Counts towards medieval studies major.


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This course focuses on important issues, images, authors, and modes in an intensive study of racial and multicultural literature in the U.S. The scope of the course can include racial portraiture, sexual politics, field and factory experience, color and class status, and church and family institutions. Authors include such writers as Frederick Douglass and Maxine Hong Kingston. Prerequisites: English 185 plus at least two courses at level II. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term. Counts towards ARMS and American studies majors and ARMS concentration.


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In this seminar, students learn about a range of methods for literary research by exploring literature in the context of critical, theoretical, cultural, or historical materials. For each student, the centerpiece of the course is the research and writing of a long essay that represents his or her individual research interests. Students share and respond to each other's work-in-progress and present their completed projects to the seminar. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisites: Open to rising juniors and seniors who have completed English 185 and at least two level-II English courses or by permission of the instructor.


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Students study in-depth the physiology of exercise, covering cardiovascular and muscular adaptions to exercise and factors affecting performance, including body composition, environmental influences, training implications across gender and age, and the assessment of fitness. The course includes a laboratory component. Prerequisite: junior standing and Biology 243 or consent of instructor. Offered every year. Counts toward biomedical studies concentration.


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This course explores both classic and contemporary Hollywood cinema in its artistic , cultural, technological, and economic contexts. Students study films ranging from silent movie classics, screwball comedy, film noir, and the Hollywood musical through the work of Scorsese, Coppola, and Spielberg. In addition to assigned reading and writing, students are required to watch two films per week, one of them at a formal screening on Monday evenings. Offered periodically. Counts towards American studies major.


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This course provides an introduction to the study of folklore and presents a spectrum of approaches to the interpretation of fairy tales. Students read and discuss writings stemming from oral traditions such as the Nibelungenlied, and chapbooks including Till Eulenspiegel, and Faust; eighteenth century fables created on models from antiquity; fairy tales collected by the Brothers Grimm; and Kunstmärchen (literary fairy tales by known writers). Students explore the literary aspects of the works and their historical contexts.


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This course is designed to teach speaking strategies and bring students to an Intermediate-High level of oral proficiency through practice in everyday communication such as telling stories, giving reports, and organizing social events. The course focuses on higher-order functions such as paragraph-length narration, presenting opinions, small group discussion, and formal presentations, as well as interviews, debates, and regular group conversations with classroom guests and speakers. Taught in German. May be counted toward German major or German studies concentration. Prerequisite: German 232 or equivalent.


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Students explore an interdisciplinary topic in language, literature, history, or culture through close reading, discussion, analysis, and interpretation of selected works, including theoretical texts. Sample topics include: the Germans in exile, the German-American heritage, the German Holocaust, Germany in the European Union, and Germanic myths. Taught in German. May be counted toward German major or German studies concentration. Prerequisite: at least one 270-level course. May be repeated if topic is different. Counts towards medieval studies major.


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This seminar, using only eyewitness accounts, examines African slavery in the United States, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Typical readings include the narrative of Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs' autobiography, and the writings of slave-holders like Mary Chesnut. Topics include the slave trade, the origins of African-American culture, women and slavery, and the origins of the Civil War. The course concludes with an examination the process of emancipation. Offered periodically. Counts towards ARMS and American studies majors and ARMS and Africa and the Americas concentrations.


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Students examine the overthrow of American segregation through several decades of agitation for civil rights. This seminar focuses primarily on the South, though students also discuss northern race relations. Primary accounts from the era constitute the assigned readings. Among the topics covered are the segregated South, Martin Luther King and his critics, the Black Power movement, and the rise of white backlash politics. Offered periodically. Counts towards ARMS and American studies majors and ARMS and Africa and the Americas concentrations.


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This seminar examines American society since 1945, with particular emphasis on the years between 1945 and 1975. The main focus is social history. Topics include the impact of the Cold War, migration to the suburbs, post-industrial society, the culture of the 1950s, civil rights, the Vietnam War, the student movement, the sexual revolution, and Watergate. Sources include novels, essays, magazine stories, films, and documentaries. Offered most years. Counts towards American studies major and women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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This course surveys women's experience in American life from the colonial period to the present. Students examine the changing economic, social, and legal status of women, society's attitudes towards women, and the growth of a women's movement. Offered most years. Counts toward American studies major, women's and gender studies major and concentration, and family studies concentration.


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In studying the impact of the Civil War era on American society and politics, students focus on slavery, emancipation, and race relations. They also address the impact of industrialization on northern society, encompassing immigration and nativism, the westward movement, and the dispossession of Native Americans. The course situates the dramatic political and military events of the era in the wider evolution of American life. Offered most years. Counts towards American studies and ARMS majors and ARMS and Africa & the Americas concentrations.


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Students translate selections from one or more genres of ancient Latin literature while exploring a specific topic or theme chosen by the instructor. Close study of the text is combined with discussion of broader literary, historical, and cultural questions. Sample topics: "Ovid," "Ancient Biographies of the Roman Emperors," "Latin Epistolography," "Augustan Elegy." Prerequisite: Latin 231 or equivalent. Offered every third year.


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This course is a continuation of the study of the theory of groups, rings, and fields. Topics include group actions, Sylow theory, and Galois theory. Other topics may include representation theory, module theory, and others. Prerequisite: Math 252. Offered in 2012-13 and alternate years.


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Students learn to create improvised solos based on standard jazz practice from different historical eras. To internalize the styles of jazz masters from different time periods, participants transcribe recorded jazz solos by ear and perform them in class. Students gain appreciation of and experience with different harmonic and scalar conceptions through performing and analyzing selected jazz solos. Open to instrumentalists and vocalists. Offered fall semester 2012-13.


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Students study and practice principles for singing in French and German with good pronunciation, enunciation, and expression. Course content includes phonetic analysis using the International Phonetic Alphabet and identifying and exercising the phonemic features of French and German through class performances and listening assignments. Prerequisite: Music 263 and two semesters of voice lessons. Offered spring semester 2012-13 and alternate years.


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Beginning with the 17th century, students trace the evolution of literature for piano through the major works of such diverse composers as Bach, Boulez, Couperin, and Cage. Course content includes lectures, readings, listening, analysis, performance, and written assignments. Special attention is paid to performance practice traditions and historical context. Prerequisites: Music 214, 241, and 242, or permission of instructor. Offered spring semester 2012-13 and alternate years.


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Analysis is a course of discovery, using advanced tools of music theory to examine the ways in which great works of music are put together. Students examine principles of form and style and, using a range of analytical techniques, come to a deeper understanding of tonal music. The course focuses on Classical and Romantic literature, with some work in 20th-century tonality. Prerequisite: Music 214. Offered spring semester 2012-13 and alternate years.


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This course continues the studies begun in 391. Students consider recruitment and music administration, and composing and arranging music for worship. Prerequisite: Music 391. Offered spring semester 2012-13 and alternate years.


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This course examines how contemporary culture influences present-day wellness perspectives. Values, lifestyle, daily stresses, and corresponding coping mechanisms affecting one's well-being are explored. Students study health behaviors as a function of social influences and, conversely, the impact of unhealthy coping behaviors on the social enterprise. This course also includes an exploration of wellness from the perspective of non-western cultures. Offered annually during Interim or spring semester. Counts towards American studies major and film studies concentration.


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Students examine contemporary approaches to classical issues in ethics and theory of value: the nature of moral judgments; theories of moral obligation and value; the concept of moral responsibility; and the relation of morality to science, religion, and law. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisites: two courses in philosophy, one of which must be either 235 or 236 or permission of the department chair; completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor..


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This course explores research on parenting and child development across a variety of alternative family structures and sociocultural contexts, including families with primary caregiving fathers, divorced and remarried parents, and gay and lesbian parents. Students discuss similarities and variability in development across families, and unique challenges that "nontraditional" families may confront. Students examine and bridge the empirical literature with popular culture and media portrayals of families. Prerequisite: Psychology 241; Psychology 230 is recommended. Offered most years. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and educational studies, family studies,and women's and gender studies concentrations.


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A wide array of techniques is used to answer fundamental questions about how the brain and nervous system work in the expression of behavior. Through readings, discussion, and hands-on laboratory experiences students examine various research methods in behavioral neuroscience, considering the strengths and weaknesses of each. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations of animal research and the application of basic science data to human problems. Topics may include feeding behavior, drug-seeking, and pain perception. Prerequisites: Psychology 230 and Neuroscience 239 or Psychology 238. Offered during Interim. Counts toward neuroscience concentration.


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This survey of the historical, cultural and theological developments within Judaism pays special attention to major periods and themes in Jewish life and thought, as well as to contemporary Judaism. Prerequisite: sophomore status or higher. Open to first-year students with permission of the instructor.


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May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisite: BTS-B. Spring 2013: Spinoza as Religious Thinker. Counts towards ancient studies and medieval studies majors.


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Russian literature has always been more than literature, serving as the major catalyst for cultural and social change in the country. This was especially true and important in the Soviet Union, where censors controlled literary production at every level, in terms of form and content. The readings for this course span the entire Soviet era, including such authors as Zamyatin, Ilf and Petrov, Olesha, Platonov, Kharms, Bulgakov, Solzhenitsyn, and Petrushevskaya. In English translation.


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How do anthropologists study other cultures? Peoples around the world create different realities through the ways they conceptualize experience (cultures) and how they organize themselves to do what they need to do (societies). Anthropologists describe and compare cultures and societies, focusing on different aspects such as family and kinship, inequality and power, religion and values, economy and technology, cultural and social change. This course is open to first-year students or students in certain accredited programs. Offered each semester. Counts toward ARMS and women's and gender studies majors and Africa and the Americas, ARMS, and women's and gender studies concentrations.


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Students explore special topics in statistics. Topics vary from year to year. May be repeated if topics are different. Upcoming offerings include: Biostatistics (Spring 2013) and Intermediate Statistical Methods for Social Research (Interim 2014). Offered periodically.


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Students focus on writing scientific papers, preparing scientific posters, and giving presentations in the context of a specific, year-long, interdisciplinary research project. In addition, this weekly seminar series builds collaborative research skills such as working in teams, performing reviews of statistical literature, consulting effectively, and communicating proficiently. Exposure to post-graduate opportunities in statistics is also provided. Open to students accepted into the Center for Interdisciplinary Research.


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Social work majors study scientific approaches to building knowledge for generalist practice and assessing effectiveness and efficiency of both individual practice and social service programs. Students learn to assess needs and progress, design case interventions, measure client satisfaction and assess program outcomes. They evaluate elements of practice with diverse clients and portions of programs with which they are familiar and apply ethical standards to scientific inquiry. Open only to social work majors. Offered annually in the spring semester.


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This studio course covers drawing and painting as it relates to theatre design and production work. Students engage in exercises and project work in perceptual drawing, scene painting, and technical drawing. Course fee is required. Open to all majors and non-majors. Offered periodically.


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This theater practicum involves the student in the conceptual and practical processes of stage performance. Class sessions include practical problem-solving and hands-on experiences for productions which are part of the St. Olaf theater season. Experiences in scenery, props, costumes, lighting, sound, publicity, and stage management are available. Contact the Theater Department Office (x3420) for specific details. First-year students are encouraged to enroll. This course may be repeated; four total registrations allowed. The theater practicum 253A: Design, Technical Production is offered each semester; practicum 253B: CADD Practicum - covering computer-aided design and drawing (CADD), is offered annually in the spring semester; practicum 253C: Stage Management is offered periodically.


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Examines theatrical activities, from theater's origins to 1700, from three interrelated perspectives: 1) theater as social history; 2) theater as dramatic literature; and 3) theater as performance (the result of creative decisions made by playwrights, actors, directors, and designers). Prerequisite: Theater 110 or 180 or permission of instructor. Next offered: spring semester 2012-13 and then fall semester 2013-14. Theater 270 will be offered during fall semester 2014-15 and fall semester 2016-17. Counts towards ancient studies and medieval studies majors.


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Examines theatrical activities in the period 1700 to the present, from three interrelated perspectives: 1) theater as social history; 2) theater as dramatic literature; and 3) theater as performance (the result of creative decisions made by playwrights, actors, directors, and designers). Prerequisite: Theater 110 or 180 or permission of instructor. Offered spring semester 2012-13, spring semester 2013-14, during 2015-16, and spring semester 2016-17.


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A studio course focusing on the artistic decision-making process of stage direction, script analysis, directorial concepts, production designs and hands-on directing experience building on the skills developed in Theater 232: Stage Direction. Students direct a one-act play as the final project for the course. Prerequisite: Theater 232, 240, or 250. Theater 270 or 271 recommended. Offered annually in the spring semester.


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This course examines the relationship between literature as a form of cultural expression and capitalism as a mode of economic production. Understanding literature’s response to capitalism over the last two-and-a-half centuries requires interdisciplinary study. This course thus seeks to contextualize the transformations of literature and capitalism by reading in the fields of political economy, sociology, political theory, critical race studies, advertising and marketing, visual art, and film.


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Blending the reading seminar and writing workshop, this course offers advanced practice in critical reading and writing with emphasis on a particular discipline or topic. Students will read and respond critically to a range of writing that may include textbook chapters, popular feature stories, and creative literature. The course emphasizes how writers make and support claims, integrate research, and narrate to communicate effectively in a variety of genres for multiple audiences. Click on course title in the class and lab for more information about the course for that term. Prerequisite: successful completion of First Year Seminar or Writing and Rhetoric.


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Americans have long understood their diverse identities through stories. This course analyzes familiar and less familiar narratives that have formed and re-formed identity in the context of American culture. Students examine literary works, histories, cultural artifacts, and media, paying attention to the forms and themes through which the American experience is constructed. They develop their own writing skills. The course also introduces students to the American Conversations program's emphasis on civic engagement. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This foundation-level studio course introduces the aesthetic, conceptual, and technical foundations of new media art-making. Students explore creative approaches to digital, time-based, and interactive art processes; examples include digital photo-montage, 3D printing, video art, and web-based art. Idea generation and development is central to the course, with an emphasis on experimentation and divergent thinking. Students engage in dynamic activity, spirited investigation, and thoughtful creative expression. Offered each semester. Materials fee. Also counts toward film and media studies major and concentration.


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This sculpture course introduces students to metal forming, shaping, fastening and brazing, and welding. Both majors and non-majors discover an art and industrial process that has great artistic and practical application. The course makes use of hands-on instruction, readings, slide talks, and discussion. Course does not cover metal casting. Materials fee. Offered annually. Prerequisite: ART 103.


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This course is intended as an introduction to the history of Chinese art, offering a survey of major artistic developments from neolithic times to the present. Among the topics considered: ritual bronzes, funerary remains of the Qin and Han, Buddhist sculpture, and the evolution of landscape painting. Important issues discussed include production and patronage, function, and borrowing and influence in the evolution of artistic works across time and space. Offered annually. Also counts toward Asian studies and Chinese majors and Asian studies concentration.


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This seminar focuses on the exhibit "Botticelli and Renaissance Florence: Masterworks from the Uffizi" at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts from Oct 15-Jan 8. The exhibit is an opportunity for students to delve deeply into the lives of artists and patrons in 15th-century Florence and explore issues such as power and patriarchy, gender and identity, artistic production and techniques, and the legacy of the ancient world. In addition to readings and assignments, the class will visit the exhibit twice during the semester. Transportation and entry fees are covered.


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This interdisciplinary course explores principles and approaches in second language learning and teaching with the focus on Asian languages. Through debunking myths in second language learning, students will learn key factors affecting second language learning and effective language learning strategies. Skills in teaching a second language in Asian context are also discussed. However, this course focuses on the research and theoretical understanding of language acquisition rather than on pedagogical methods of language teaching. Offered periodically. Also counts toward Chinese and Japanese majors and linguistic studies concentration.


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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that "the inherent dignity and ... the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family [are] the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world." Who speaks to human rights in East Asia? What ethical perspectives are voiced? Case studies presented through memoirs, films, reports, and multidisciplinary analyses provide the material for exploring diverse normative claims about individual rights in East Asia. Offered annually. Also counts toward Chinese and Japanese majors.


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This course introduces chemical concepts that are important for students pursuing a study of chemistry or biology. Topics include atomic structure, the periodic table, bonding interactions within and between particles, water and its solutions, biological membranes, chemical reaction types, chemical stoichiometry, equilibrium systems, acids and bases, introduction to protein structure. Examples are often pulled from the realm of biological molecules and processes. Students attend three classes and one three-hour laboratory per week. Placement via online placement survey is required. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: high school biology, chemistry, and physics; concurrent registration in MATH 119 or MATH 120 is recommended.


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This course introduces chemical concepts that are important for students pursuing a study of chemistry or biology. Topics include atomic structure, the periodic table, bonding interactions within and between particles, water and its solutions, biological membranes, chemical reaction types, chemical stoichiometry, equilibrium systems, acids and bases, introduction to protein structure. Examples are often pulled from the realm of biological molecules and processes. Students attend three classes and one three-hour laboratory per week. Placement via online placement survey is required. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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This course reviews the economic properties of modern digital economies. This includes the study of platform economics, network effects, blockchain economics, zero-marginal-cost industries, the economics of data, markets for information, tech monopoly power, regulatory capture, cross-industry collusion and mechanism design. The economics of data includes discussion of nonrivalry, data as labor and the economic effects of privacy and anonymity. A semester-long research paper involves building a mechanism design model to analyze a particular digital industry. Prerequisites: ECON 260, ECON 261 and ECON 262.


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Education Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation, Econ 399, will use economic theory and econometric analysis to examine key issues in education, including investment decisions, how education is produced and how it may influence long-term outcomes. One of the most important questions facing education economists is addressing gaps in academic achievement across various demographic groups. Using key methods from econometric analysis and program evaluation, this class will examine the root causes of the achievement gap, as well as analyze programs aimed at closing this gap.


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This course is designed to assist students in developing their own teacher style as they prepare to become full-time teachers. Topics include the roles and responsibilities of teachers, methods of instruction, planning, classroom management, assessment and reporting and other current educational issues. Through micro-teaching and school-based field experiences, they also practice instructional skills and techniques. Required 20-hour field experience. Open to juniors and seniors only. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: EDUC 290 or EDUC 295 and acceptance into the teacher education program.


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Future teachers identify and acquire skills to serve exceptional students more effectively in the general education classroom. Students read and discuss to expand their knowledge of the broad spectrum of resources available for students with disabilities, second language learners, and those labeled "at-risk." Historical perspectives as well as inclusion, collaboration, curriculum development, and other current topics are included. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: EDUC 295 or permission of instructor.


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This course makes an initial approach to the vast archive of 20th and 21st century African-American literature. Studying a broad range of literary genres and forms, students focus on the radical ways Black writers have wielded language to address the living history of enslavement, or what Saidiya Hartman has called the "afterlife of slavery." Students explore how African-American writers interrogate race as a form of knowledge and experience and, at the same time, often address related questions of gender, sexuality, and class.


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Students explore the complex relationship between race, gender and labor in American literature. Questions students are invited to consider include the following: what types of labor are represented in American literature and why? Whose labor gets valued or acknowledged? What does an American laborer look like--and what does this all have to do with literature? Students also examine the construction of racialized and gendered identities as they intersect and overlap with labor issues in American literature. Genres explored include fiction, poetry and prose."


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This course introduces students to ecocriticism as a method of literary study by surveying English literature of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Students read ecocritical theory and study poetry, plays, and prose works by authors including William Shakespeare, John Milton, and Margaret Cavendish. Possible course themes include pastoral, sugar and slavery, consumption and waste, the Scientific Revolution, and animals. Assignments use digital technology to gather data, analyze literature in its historical context, and write for collaborative scholarly research initiatives. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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Chicano/a identity is perhaps one of the most misunderstood racial/ethnic identities in the United States. It encompasses many possible identities--such as Latino, Hispanic, and Mexican-American--while remaining politically and culturally distinct in its intended meaning. Students explore the history behind constructions of Chicano/a identity as expressed through Civil Rights Movement (post-1964) literature and politics, with the intention of demystifying the contentious stereotypes surrounding this community. Students read works by 3-4 major Chicano/a authors. Offered periodically. Also counts toward Latin American studies and race and ethnic studies majors and Latin American studies and race and ethnic studies concentrations. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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Shakespeare's statement, "all the world's a stage," has never been more true, as his plays have truly become global texts. This course charts some of their journeys. Students study four or five of Shakespeare's plays and use concepts from adaptation studies to analyze various "Shakespeares" that have emerged across the globe, including translations, new plays, films, manga, and other re-mediations. Students will attend at least one performance; a ticket fee is required. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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In this course students read contemporary plays and write intensively, exploring the writer's craft. Students peer-edit each others' writing.


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In this course students read contemporary personal narratives and write intensively, exploring the writer's craft. Students peer-edit each others' writing.


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In this course students read, analyze, and write their own works of speculative fiction (e.g., fantasy, science fiction, magical realism, fabulism, slipstream, etc.). Students read and discuss short stories and novels, paying attention to form, themes, and content and apply their knowledge of these genres by crafting and workshopping their own stories through peer revision. Offered annually. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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Students analyze from a broadly cultural view the political, religious, and intellectual debates of Chaucer's day as reflected in his greatest work, the Canterbury Tales. Students examine the Canterbury Tales through the lens of ethics, using readings in ethical theory to better understand moral questions, Chaucer's poetry, and ourselves -- as interpreters of literature and moral agents. Also counts toward medieval studies major. Prerequisites: ENGL 185 plus at least two English courses at level II; or permission of the instructor.


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This is the first 0.5 credit course in a two course sequence that is part of the Engineering Fellows experience. Students engage in a team-based engineering design project alongside a domain expert within the St. Olaf Community. Students also participate in professional development activities in preparation for continuing in the field of engineering and engage in a community based activity to support youth interest in engineering. Open only to juniors and seniors. Prerequisites: PHYS 130 and PHYS 131 (or PHYS 124, PHYS 125 and CSCI 121 or CSCI 125); PHYS 160 or permission of the instructor.


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In the 1940s a new and dark form of filmmaking emerged in the United States that challenged the formulaic, romance-driven plots that comprised much of Hollywood cinema during and after WWII. Labeled film noir by the French critics who viewed and admired them across the Atlantic, these American films focused on crime, morally ambiguous characters, and a society in despair. In addition to noir classics like The Big Sleep, Double Indemnity, Laura, and The Naked City, students will also watch neo-noir films like Devil in a Blue Dress and Mulholland Drive along with examples of European and Asian noir films. Furthermore, students read supplemental texts that help shed light on the historical evolution of the genre and the aesthetic and social relevance of its heterogeneous forms. May be repeated if topic is different.


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In this seminar, we explore concepts of identity--the qualities and characteristics that define us as individuals and as members of various groups and institutions, from home communities to college campuses, from athletic teams to political and religious organizations. We'll read theories about Generation Z, a memoir of civil rights and environmental activism, and essays about race, class, and gender as we consider how social factors impact identities and the ways identities shape our perspectives and opinions. This section is writing intensive and focuses intentionally on the writing process. Projects emphasize expressing opinion, analyzing course texts, researching and analyzing how a movement or event presents itself, and responding to opinion. The final project is to reflect, using words and images, on influences that inform your identities and the person you imagine becoming.


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"What kind of creature is a human being?" explores an impossibly big question at the heart of higher education. To do so we will read a series of odd books, one by a sociologist on the "global party circuit," another on walking and human evolution, and a third by an artist entitled "How to Do Nothing" that contemplates modern maladies like TikTok. As we examine humanity in this broad sweep, we will also consider college as a rite of passage and a social institution. How does St. Olaf shape you as a kind of person? Prerequisite: curiosity.


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How are meanings made? How do meanings emerge from making and doing, as well as from seeing and listening, thinking and feeling, and even just being in the same place at the same time? This seminar takes up these fundamental questions, primarily in relation to materials drawn from visual art, poetry, theater, film, and music. It also attends to other ways in which people engage in meaning making, individually and collectively, whether these emerge in everyday life or result from the sustained effort of many people over many years. Throughout the course, creative exercises, creative activities, and creative projects--individual projects and group projects--provide students with opportunities to explore and apply what they have learned about meaning making.


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Who were the Mongols? Were they wandering nomads, conquerors, creators, organizers? What effect have they had on the histories of Asia, Europe, and the world? Beyond their reputation for violence and military prowess for which they may be more commonly known, the Mongols' brief control of the world stage had farther-reaching consequences than the terror and subjugation of the Eurasian continent as they influenced language, trade, religion, and more. In this class, we will use primary source readings from the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries to get a closer look at the human lives and histories of those living in China, Japan, Mongolia, Persia, as well as Europe. As the class unfolds, we will use these histories and topics to build skills like reading sources in-depth, basic research knowledge, and academic writing using those research skills.


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This first-year seminar introduces students to the field of Cultural Studies by examining how the social, political, and cultural upheavals of the 1960s -- one of the most influential decades in American history -- intersected with the popular music of the time. We will examine the music, lyrics, and visual and film representations of an array of 1960s musical artists in rock, pop, soul, and folk, from Marvin Gaye and Aretha Franklin to The Beatles, Bob Dylan and others. We will also trace the relationships between popular music and the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, anti-Vietnam War activism, women's rights, the sexual revolution and the rise of the drug culture. The semester will culminate in a group project in which students will research, analyze, and present their work on the cultural significance of a musical artist or genre.


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How have the events of 2020 impacted you? The COVID-19 pandemic robbed hundreds of thousands of their lives and all of us of our daily habits. The murder of George Floyd spawned a worldwide uprising over racial injustice. Through it all, teachers and schools have been tasked with delivering instruction, creating community in online classrooms, and supporting students during the most challenging school year in memory. In this class we will explore what the year has meant for teachers, learners and schools through readings, podcasts, personal reflections, class discussions and case studies. What have we learned from 2020 and how can it be used as a set of experiences to foster growth and radical change in education in the years to come?


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What was natural philosophy? How was it that the sciences and the humanities were once viewed as a shared endeavor, but are now treated as separate? In the Romantic period (ca. 1750-1850), natural scientists were still considered philosophers, and poets and novelists like Mary Shelley first asked critical social and ethical questions about the consequences of scientific breakthroughs (such as in the novel Frankenstein, which we will read). The focal point of this course will be the Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted, who discovered electromagnetism in 1820, and mentored the other Hans Christian, the fairytale author Andersen. After improving their academic reading, writing, and research skills, students, for their class project, will work together to create a display about Ørsted at the Bakken Museum in Minneapolis.


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Habits make up a large part of our daily lives -- the estimates range from 40% to a whopping 90%. Your habits contribute to your happiness, your mental and physical health, and your GPA. Some habits are considered good, some are bad, some simply are, and an ever-growing number of apps have been created to help you track all of these habits. In this seminar we'll explore the science of learning and habit creation, how stress, sleep and health are directly connected, and how harnessing the power of cues can help create habits that can improve your life, for the rest of your life. Course work will include reading, discussion, and an individual behavioral assessment project.


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Where does democracy come from? What does it take to sustain it? Why does it matter? This class will explore ideas, practices and processes about democracy globally. We will compare and contrast ideas from ordinary people and social scientists as we seek to answer each of these questions. Our focus extends around the world. We will watch documentaries, read two books (Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics: How the Internet Era is Transforming Politics in Kenya and Why Bother? Rethinking Participation in Elections and Protests) and explore data from the Varieties of Democracy project, based in Sweden. The culminating class project involves mapping several dimensions of democracy using ArcGIS StoryMap software, to help us see how it is imagined and realized today.


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Why do people care about the super-rich, ultra-famous, and powerbrokers from Capitol Hill to Hollywood? What inspires everyday consumers to desire more news, content, and connection with the celebrities who seduce and elude them? In the United States (and throughout the world), celebrities are royalty and cultural icons -- venerable symbols that often represent what fans ultimately value. This course applies critical theories of religion and the sacred to make sense of the devotion, rituals, and worship centered around celebrities. Figures from musicians, actors, authors to investors, tech giants, and influencers will provide case studies through which we will interrogate histories of demagoguery, fame, progress, and prosperity in American religious life. Throughout the semester, students will build on critical discourse regarding celebrity worship, fanism, charisma, cults of personality, worship, cultural values, and spiritual practices. These conversations will encourage students to learn methods of inquiry applied within the discipline of religious studies and lead to the acquisition of skills in analyzing historical, sociological, theological, and anthropological texts focused on sacred experience, civil religion, and American life. Students will work individually and collaboratively to develop research questions, investigate resources, and develop public-facing projects.


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How do magic, spirituality, myth, the occult, and the paranormal inform our understanding of race and identity? How do artists bring these supernatural elements to material life on stage and screen to facilitate critical conversations about power? This course invites students to engage in deep and nuanced discussion about culture, belief, and imagination, while also learning how artists render critical thinking about race into creative work. Our emphasis will be on reading plays, but we will also look at pop culture like film, music videos, and current TV shows like Lovecraft Country and Reservation Dogs. Authors studied include August Wilson, Marie Clements, Sharon Bridgforth, Aishah Rahman, Manjula Padmanabhan, and José Rivera. Students will lead presentations and class discussions, develop research materials around course texts, and stage theatrical magic themselves!


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As they are today, conceptions of sex and gender were hotly debated in early modern Italy. In this seminar, students first explore ideas and debates that shape 21st-century understandings of sex and gender. Then, through an in-depth study of the Roman painter Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1656), students investigate how current understandings of sex and gender shape the study of women artists from the past. Also considered are the responses of contemporary artists (Gina Siciliano and Kehinde Wiley, among others) to Gentileschi’s work. Course assignments teach students to engage in meaningful discussion on controversial topics, to visually analyze works of art, and to find and evaluate a variety of sources for individual research projects.


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In what ways do language and race intersect? How do individuals use language to signal their belonging to a given community as well as to distinguish themselves from others? How are particular languages, dialects, and ways of speaking involved in the construction of privileged or stigmatized identities? This course will explore the varied and sometimes surprising intersection of language, race, and identity. We will look at linguistic discrimination and how it impacts the survival of non-dominant languages and cultures, the educational success of children, equity in the workplace, and inter-racial/ ethnic conflict. We will also analyze the explosion of linguistic appropriation, such as white teens’ use of black vernacular English or the casual use of the Hindi religious term "namaste" in American yoga settings. Readings will be drawn from the emerging field of Raciolinguistics, but we will also look at examples of linguistic stereotyping and discrimination on social media platforms, in film and advertising, as well as in our policing and judicial systems. You will have the opportunity to design and propose an original, relevant final project on a topic and in a format of your choosing.


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This course explores queerness, gender identity, and sexuality across Russia and the United States. We will explore the constructed, contested, and ambiguous nature of queer sexuality and its construction in Russian and U.S. popular culture, including literature, history, and film. Starting with basic theories in queer literature, we will explore how queer theory can be utilized to historically understand our contemporary views of gender and sexuality, formation of identity, as well approaches to LGBTQ+ rights in the the United States, Western Europe, and Russia. Rather than myopically understanding Russia and the U.S. as states historically hostile to queer rights, we will see how Russian and American literature and film has created a multitude of identities and sexualities in these societies. Topics will include sexuality and Christianity, modernity, patriarchy, masculinity, etc.


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Do scientific advances happen because of superior evidence? The surprising reality is that scientific progress can be far less scientific than one might expect. While the scientific process gives us tools to better understand our world, the acceptance and broader integration of these findings is often anything but scientific. In this course, we will examine some key developments in modern science (such as the Copernican Revolution in Physics and Astronomy, the Darwinian revolution in Biology and the Cognitive Counter-Revolution In Psychology) to better understand how scientific progress is made. We will discuss how past scientific findings became accepted as the status quo, and how we go about challenging that status quo when new evidence comes to light. In this class we will read primary texts and discuss key events in science to understand that scientific progress evolves in rational and irrational ways.


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This course will explore the morality of justice, punishment, and equity through the lens of class, gender, and race. By looking at the constructed nature of justice, different kinds of justice, including restorative, environmental, redistributive, we will explore the question of justice across the world. Topics will include: how do we determine what is fair punishment? How can we ensure equity in an unequal world? Can justice be equal? How do concepts such as human rights, discrimination, and racism affect justice and punishment in society?


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Students examine the National Socialist period (1933-1945), its embeddedness in German cultural memory, and its implications for contemporary society. Students read, discuss, analyze, and write about a series of literary texts (including films) emerging from or reflecting on what historian Friedrich Meinecke called "the German catastrophe." The course is writing intensive and includes short weekly assignments as well as several longer, multi-step writing projects. Advanced grammar review supports analytical tasks. Taught in German. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: GERM 232 or by placement test.


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Students examine Germany's successful sustainability initiatives and their roots in a long history of cultural values and scientific innovation. They study primary and secondary sources including interviews, journalistic articles, literary works, and films; these texts form the basis of students' written and oral analyses. Drawing on diverse disciplinary perspectives, students gain transferable knowledge and skills for addressing complex international environmental concerns. Offered periodically. Also counts toward environmental studies major and environmental studies and management studies concentrations. Prerequisite: GERM 251 or GERM 252.


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This course examines Latin America’s colonial history from 1492 to 1898. We will examine the history of Spanish, Portuguese and French imperialism in the region through the eyes of the people who lived it: indigenous commoners and nobles, enslaved and freed people, women and children, scientists and entrepreneurs. With a specific focus on the history of human interaction with the region’s diverse ecologies and the development of capitalism, on colonial law and the history of race and gender, we will ask how colonial society took shape, how these empires sustained themselves and why they eventually collapsed. Students will gain an appreciation for Latin America’s central role in the modern history of global interconnection and understand how the specific dynamics of imperialism established the foundation for Latin America’s postcolonial history. Also counts toward Latin American studies major and concentration.


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We've much to learn from the witches of the past. Not, of course, how to curse our enemies or brew love potions. Instead, witchcraft and magic are components of the supernatural that will help us understand cultures of the past (including the recent past), and the people who produced them. We'll learn about what the alleged witches thought of themselves, and how magic helped them (and those around them) understand their world. While magic and witchcraft have had some place in human societies for millenia (and still today!), those presumed to wield that power have been accepted or rejected to varying degrees. Accusations of witchcraft, moreover, have also historically been employed to rob others of power. As we will discover in this course, witchcraft and magic are implicated in social, economic, and political histories, and are heavily tied into gender construction and the history of women.


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Recent struggles for racial justice have reignited debates about how US history should be told. Do we have one cohesive history? Whose stories should we tell and why? Who gets to choose? This course explores these questions by analyzing recent attempts to create and present a national history. We examine the 1619 Project, which foregrounds the introduction of slavery to North America, the 1776 Project, which locates patriotism as an essential element of history education, and Educating for American Democracy, which emphasizes civic understanding. At its core, this course asks students to consider history as a space of conflict for the present and the future.


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This course offers students an introductory history of the media landscape they currently inhabit--where news, entertainment, fact, and fiction are everywhere we look yet are often indistinguishable from each other. We will cover the history of the modern media, beginning with the transnational networks of communication built in the 19th century, the social transformations of broadcast media in the 20th century, and rapid and global spread of social media in the 21st. This course will not only explore the histories of the technologies involved in these transformations (the telegraph, the television, and the internet), but also the the institutions that have made these technologies so powerful (The New York Times, the BBC, News Corp, and Twitter), as well as the questions they have raised about objectivity, free speech, polarization, and the future of democracy. We will learn that to understand the social, cultural, and political power of the modern media in the present, we first need to know its past.


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Through critical source analysis and iterative writing, students will examine "magical" behavior from ancient Sumeria, Egypt, the Hebraic Kingdoms, Greece and Rome. As a methods seminar for the History major, the focus of the course will be on the comparative historiographic context and the ways in which historians (both ancient and modern) have constructed their analysis of ancient magic.


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This course focuses on film, television, and other mediatized representations of Vikings and medieval Scandinavia. Depictions of the past greatly influence our interpretation and understanding of history, and also give insight into the present. Students will examine the origins of Viking myths, as well as historical debates. Topics include the Hollywoodization of a Nordic hero, depictions of gender, race, and sexuality, as well as the use of Nordic mythology in far right- wing circles. Offered annually. Also counts toward medieval studies major and Nordic studies concentration.


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This course examines the development of theories of deviance, violence, and crime in East Asia from the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We cover topics such as the development of forensic science, court systems, police forces, and prison systems; the evolution of academic and practical fields related to deviance, including criminology, penology, eugenics, and psychology; and the global shift from corporal punishment to rehabilitative-minded custodial sentencing. Although these shifts in theories and approaches to crime were part of a global process, for twentieth-century East Asian nation-states they were particularly informed by the violence of Western imperialism and the struggle for sovereignty. Students examine how desires for building a modern nation-state influenced these conversations on crime and punishment, as well as how these punitive projects intersected with issues of race, class, gender, and sexuality, often resulting in the incarceration of marginalized groups.


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This course examines African-Americans' role in U. S. society from African origins to the present. Students explore the African heritage, the experience of slavery, segregation, and the rise of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. The course pays particular attention to the issue of black nationalism as a force in American life. Offered periodically. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and Africa and the African Diaspora and race and ethnic studies concentrations.


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The Cherokees called it Nunna daul Tsuny, "The Trail Where We Cried," and it is now often referred to as the "Trail of Tears," the forced expulsion in the 1830s of indigenous people from their ancestral homes principally in the southeastern United States. That such an unjust event ever occurred calls us to question many assumptions about U.S. history: Why did this happen and how? How did it affect the people involved? What were the after-effects of the forced expulsion to Indian Territory in what is now the state of Oklahoma? This course will explore these and many more questions in an attempt to paint a comprehensive portrait of the era of Removal, broadly construed. Topics covered include Native American culture change, the development of U.S. Indian policy, Native American accommodation and resistance to Removal, and Andrew Jackson’s legacy as the architect of this policy. Most importantly, this course will challenge us to see the Removal process from the Native Americans’ perspective by introducing students to ethnohistory, a methodology developed to write the histories of people long thought not to have had one. In the end, we will see U.S. history in a new light and reflect upon the moral ambiguities of the U.S. republic’s expansion and growth.


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In this course on the impact of the Civil War era on American society and politics, students focus on slavery, emancipation, and race relations. We also address the impact of industrialization on northern society, encompassing immigration and nativism, the westward movement, and the dispossession of Native Americans. The course situates the dramatic political and military events of the era in the wider evolution of American life. Offered annually. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and Africa and the African diaspora and race and ethnic studies concentrations.


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By exploring social, cultural, and medical ideas about human sexuality as well as sexual cultures and practices in Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas, we will examine how the study of sexuality alters our understanding of history and the human experience. Sex is more than the sum of its parts. It is pleasure and pain, but it is also a language for categorization, a tool for control, and a site of fear and anxiety. Experiences and ideas about sex were shaped by systemic racism and white supremacy, imperialism, institutional and domestic violence, and political upheaval. We'll focus on sexual practices and identities from the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries, to better understand sex and sexuality in our own world.


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This course is built around one question in global history and current events: why do some countries or regions seem poor while others seem rich? With a focus on the history of specific social groups -- of peasants, workers, women and intellectuals -- we will examine the history of colonialism in the Global South, ask what decolonization meant for people across the region, and conclude by exploring the core contemporary issues facing the Global South and the rest of the world.


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This course introduces the history of U.S. foreign relations from the founding of the Republic through the Cold War. How has the United States interacted with the world across time and space? How did what started as a collection of rebellious British colonies eventually coalesce into a global superpower? How have Americans understood the United States' changing global roles? We will explore themes such as war making; state and nation-building; empire, colonialism, and territorial expansion; the nature of national power; the role of race and gender; concepts of civilization; and economic growth and market economics to develop a broad understanding of U.S. foreign relations. We will look at how U.S. actions have affected and changed the wider world and examine how interactions with people, places, events, and ideas defined as "foreign" have transformed American life.


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This course examines the "History" of the Holocaust, and on ways the Holocaust has been remembered. We pay particular attention to Germany's development of a "Racial State" which defined who was and was not part of the Volk, and the legal, social, and economic steps the state took to exclude and persecute a range of the "racially inferior"--Jews, but also the Roma and Scintii, people with developmental and physical disabilities, homosexuals, Slavs, and others. After we've gained an overview of the Holocaust, its victims, its perpetrators, and its bystanders, we will explore the ways that the Holocaust has been memorialized, historicized, and fictionalized.


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This course explores gender performance -- acts which historical subjects engaged in through bodily markers such as hair, clothing, posture, and voice, but also through relationships, labor, and domestic roles -- in East Asia during the long twentieth century. This expansive definition of gender includes new formations of gender identity and the body, such as the regional (and global) phenomena such as the New Woman/Modern Girl; East Asian masculinities and the "Sick Man of Asia;" women's oppression and liberation; changing divisions of labor; and changing understandings of transgender identities. Students read a selection of primary sources in translation and scholarly secondary sources, as well as produce a final research paper which focuses on gender in its many forms -- masculinities, femininities, and boundary-transgressing performances. This class takes as a matter of course that gender was a central aspect of human history and identity, but asks further, how was gender a major force that shaped, reoriented, and unsettled the path and futures of modern East Asia?


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Students explore public health challenges from multiple lenses through literature and case studies designed to integrate and enhance individual skills and vocational interests. Working in interdisciplinary teams, students articulate questions and develop research and response proposals based on literature, data at hand and the skills acquired from prior courses including the OLE Core. Integrating viewpoints, assessment modalities and communication within the team and with external audiences are emphasized. Local and global issues are included. Counts toward public health studies concentration. Prerequisites: Junior or senior classification, declared public health studies concentration (begins Fall 2022-23), or permission of instructor.


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Students will learn the scientific principles behind how and why HIIT works, how to set up a HIIT workout, and the evidence-based rationale regarding the recommended ratios of rest and recovery. This HIIT course is designed for students with a higher level of physical fitness, as this type of training involves repeated bouts of high-intensity effort followed by varied recovery times. Prerequisite: Students must be able to run a mile in under 8 minutes.


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This course provides students with an opportunity to develop an in-depth understanding of the principles of strength training and conditioning, including anatomical and physiological considerations, lifting techniques, equipment selection, program development/evaluation, and weightlifting safety; thus enabling them to teach and train others. Prerequisites: kinesiology major, BIO 143, and BIO 243.


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This seminar focuses on the implications of studying Latin America, or the way in which different conceptualizations of this region have helped to shape Latin America as an object of study. Possible topics for approaching this question include the history of Latin American studies in the United States and the relation between scholarship on Latin America and U.S. policy in the region; Latin American responses to U.S. representations of the region; the production of images of lo indigena according to Western expectations; and indigenous cultures and globalization. Foreign Languages Across the Curriculum (FLAC) course is often available in Spanish. Offered alternate years in the fall semester.


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The writings of Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus provide breathtaking views of ancient Rome and memorable vignettes from the city's colorful history. Extended passages from the historians' works, read in Latin, form the basis for a survey of Roman historiography and of historical writing in general. Offered periodically. Also counts toward ancient studies and medieval studies majors. Prerequisite: LATIN 231 or equivalent.


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In this course students use topics in discrete mathematics to engage in problem solving, abstract mathematical thinking, and logical reasoning. Students practice proof writing in multiple contexts, including: propositional and predicate logic; the foundations of set theory, functions, and relations; elementary number theory; arithmetic and geometric progressions; permutations, combinations, and basic probability; and graph theory. Offered annually in the spring. Also counts toward computer science major and management studies concentration. Prerequisite: CSCI 221, MATH 126 or MATH 128.


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recommendation. Students are introduced to modeling and mathematical optimization techniques (e.g., linear programming, network flows, discrete optimization, constrained and unconstrained nonlinear programming, queuing theory). Students use computers to explore these topics, but prior computer experience is not assumed. Offered periodically. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisites: MATH 126 or MATH 128, and MATH 220; MATH 226 and/or MATH 262 recommended.


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This course invites students into a relationship with song literature by African American composers. Students will examine this genre through the lens of social movements that shaped and impacted musical development despite under-representation in the canon. Additionally, students will focus on Black identity and aesthetics while analyzing poetry and researching historical and living composer narratives. This course's primary goal is to prepare students to advocate and perform these works for 21st-century audiences. Offered alternate years in the spring. Also counts toward the race and ethnic studies concentration.


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Students develop skills and study materials essential to planning and leading worship and training/rehearsing ensembles in a church music program in various traditions. Musical topics include rehearsing and conducting from the keyboard, hymn playing in various styles, playing from chord symbols, global percussion and handbell techniques. Repertoire includes choral music for all ages and for all parts of the church year. Students also explore current issues in church music, the vocation/philosophy of the church musician, organization and administration. Counts toward BA music major and all BM majors. Required for BM church music major. Offered alternate years in spring semester.


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An introduction to the diversity of musics on Earth. Topics include performance practice, methods for analysis and comparison of various musics, and interdisciplinary approaches to studying the powerful influence of music in human life. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and educational studies and race and ethnic studies concentrations. Prerequisites: MUSIC 141 or permission of instructor.


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This course introduces a systematic approach to the study of voice production for use in the studio or classroom. Students examine basic vocal anatomy and physiology approached through body mapping strategies. Students then apply these principles of vocal pedagogy to the child and adolescent voice with emphasis on the developing voice, establishing healthy vocal habits, appropriate teaching techniques, and literature. Counts towards BA music major and all BM majors. Required for BM vocal music education and BM vocal performance majors. Offered annually in fall semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: at least three semesters of MUSPF 152: voice lessons, or permission of instructor.


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The Ethics of Print: Hans Christian Andersen, Søren Kierkegaard, and the Danish Golden Age" will explore the literary polemics of the period (ca. 1800-1850) involving the two figures named in the title. The course fulfills Ethical Issues and Normative Perspectives (EIN), Ethical Reasoning in Context (ERC), and Writing in Context (WRI), and it counts towards the Philosophy and Norwegian majors, and the Nordic Studies concentration.


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This course examines American ideals and the tensions among them, ideals such as freedom, community, equality, democracy, justice, responsibility, and authority. The course analyzes the political, economic, moral, and religious dimensions of the debates and decisions that continue to shape American society. It considers classic founding documents, ideas that influenced the founders, and the major thinkers and events relevant to understanding the diverse range of models for government, markets, and society. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: admission to Public Affairs Conversation program and sophomore standing or above.


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A philosophical inquiry into beauty and art. Students investigate the relationship between beauty, goodness, and truth, and examine different accounts of art, its value, meaning, and the standards by which it should be judged. Themes include the nature of creativity, censorship, and the significance -- cultural, moral, and religious -- of art. Offered annually. Also counts toward art history major.


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This course examines the main Western ethical theories and their application to contemporary moral concerns. Theoretical issues may include rights, duties, virtue, hedonism, egoism, the relation between ethics and theology, the fact-value distinction, relativism, and pluralism. Students discuss current topics such as global economic justice, euthanasia, the death penalty, animal rights, censorship, racism, privacy rights versus public safety, reproductive ethics, and environmental ethics. Offered annually. Also counts toward management studies concentration.


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Philosophers have increasingly come to recognize the role that social factors play in the production of knowledge, including scientific knowledge. The rise of social media and internet-driven misinformation and polarization have highlighted just how much social networks shape the information we acquire and the beliefs we form. This course will consider social and political issues in epistemology (the study of knowledge and justified belief). It will focus on the role of social factors in the production, dissemination, and uptake of scientific knowledge and misinformation. Questions addressed include: Who are the right experts, and how do we tell? What role does trust play in science? What special epistemic issues arise in the context of the internet and social media? What problems does democracy pose for making the best use of scientific knowledge? Prerequisites: two courses in philosophy, one of which must be either PHIL 235 or PHIL 236, or permission of the department chair.


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This course introduces students to the vibrant, interdisciplinary, and growing fields of materials engineering and nanoscale science. Students focus primarily on the relationship between the structure and physical properties of materials, on length scales ranging from millimeters to nanometers. Students research articles from the peer-review literature that highlight the latest developments in the field. Students also discuss the technological and societal impacts of different materials and their applications. Students in this course are normally registered for PHYS 386 as well, in order to complete the requirements for the physics major. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: PHYS 244.


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This course prepares students with tools for understanding how research studies in psychology are conceptualized, designed, and ethically conducted, and how data is analyzed, interpreted, and disseminated. Students apply this understanding in independent and small group research projects. In the process, students develop critical reading, thinking, and scientific writing skills. Students attend lectures plus one two-hour laboratory per week. Offered each semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major, kinesiology major, and statistics and data science and public health studies concentrations. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125, and STAT 110 or STAT 212 or ECON 260.


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Cognitive neuroscience investigates the biological bases of higher order cognition and complex human behavior (or more simply put, how the brain enables the mind). Discussion topics include the methodologies of cognitive neuroscience, perception, attention, learning, memory, language, executive function, emotion, development, social cognition, and consciousness. Offered annually. Also counts toward neuroscience and linguistics concentrations. Prerequisites: PSYCH 230, or PSYCH 238 and NEURO 239.


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This seminar examines development from birth to age three. Topics include prenatal development, birth and the newborn, physical and motor development, caregiver relationships, infant mental health, cognition, and language development. Students explore questions such as: How long-lasting are the effects of early experiences? How do diverse cultural contexts influence early development? Course format is primarily discussion-based and includes community-based experiential learning projects. Offered annually. Also counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Prerequisites: PSYCH 230 and PSYCH 241 or permission of instructor.


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How does attending college affect students? This seminar will consider emerging adulthood development in the context of higher education, developmental trajectories of college students, and theories of change. We will examine research on college impact, ways of measuring that impact, and how individual differences (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender identity, SES, religion/worldview, academic ability) influence development. Students will engage in individual reflection on their college experiences, and identify ways of promoting optimal development during the college years. Prerequisites: PSYCH 230 and PSYCH 241 or permission of instructor.


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From 1600-1900, classical and Biblical texts spread globally through exploration and colonization. This course addresses how Greco-Roman and Biblical thought informed not only the Enlightenment, science, and Romanticism, but also justifications of colonization and slavery. Typical authors include Shakespeare, Descartes, Milton, Sor Juana, Kant, Equiano, Wollstonecraft, Hegel, and Marx, addressing freedom, the moral life, just war, certainty, and evil. Students discuss how history is constructed from evidence and how its interpretation impacts the present. Prerequisites: GCON 113, GCON 115, and GCON 116.


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This seminar-style, discussion-based course takes a comparative and intersectional approach to the study of race, gender, class, sexuality, colonialism, and indigeneity. In centering the epistemologies of Indigenous peoples (in the Americas and abroad), this course seeks to challenge (settler) colonialist ways of knowing and understanding in an effort to develop our ability to see through "Indigenous eyes." The goal of the course is to develop and deepen our understanding of decolonizing methodologies and practices in order to decolonize our history, our institutions, our relationships, and ourselves. This course is interdisciplinary, drawing on critical readings and texts from various disciplines.


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Race Matters is a three-course, interdisciplinary learning community for first-year students that focuses on race, ethnicity, and related matters (such as gender, sexuality, class, and religion) in the twenty-first century with a general though not exclusive focus on the United States. The thoroughly integrated curriculum of these three courses bridges the humanities and the social sciences, offering students a deep and broad engagement with race and ethnicity in the contemporary world. This course is the first course in the three-course Race Matters Sequence. All students who commit to this course are also committing to enroll in SOAN 121 during Interim and RAMAT 130 during Spring. RAMAT 110 is offered annually in the fall semester.


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The nature and boundaries of communities, as well as the quality of relationships within communities, are determined by theology as well as by social, political, and ethnic factors. Students examine the ways in which the world's religions, particularly Christianity, have interpreted each other's significance and truth claims and considers the ethical implications of these different responses. Offered periodically.


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May be repeated if topic is different. May count toward ancient studies and medieval studies majors.


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Students read and discuss Dostoevsky's major novels from Poor Folk through Brothers Karamazov. Offered alternate years. Counts toward Russian area studies major; does not count toward Russian language major.


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This course examines the development of modern science as revealed by primary texts and analysis of key episodes. Beginning with Aristotle, Copernicus, and Galileo, students gain a deeper understanding of the ideas, personalities, and events that shaped the emergence of the modern scientific view of the natural world. The course considers the historical, philosophical, and theological dimensions of major revolutions in science along with important contemporary developments. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: admission to Science Conversation program.


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This course focuses on the formation and development of contemporary Arab societies, politics, and cultures. It examines the evolving sociological bases of modern Arab states and societies, impact and legacies of European colonialization, religious and ethnic composition of the region and their impact on Arab identities, effects of economic crises and transformations on class structures and class relations, gender and sexuality matters, and social change and current social movements.


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Approaching the world as a "global village," the course will focus on the development of the world as an interdependent entity, the relationship between the "developed" and "developing" world, alternative explanations for planned social change, and new institutions for this international world. Global challenges such as the information revolution, population, the status of women, and migration are analyzed to illustrate this interdependence. Offered annually in the fall or spring semester. Also counts toward international relations and management studies concentrations.


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Students gain the skills necessary to conduct and critically evaluate quantitative research. Students learn the underlying theoretical assumptions and orientations of quantitative research, including research design, sampling techniques, strategies for data collection, and approaches to analysis. Students gain practice in data analysis by conducting are search project and using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), a standard in sociology. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major (social science emphasis) and management studies and public health studies concentrations. Prerequisite: STAT 110 or STAT 212; open to junior or senior sociology/anthropology majors only.


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Students explore the topic of family and gender roles in Spanish society by analyzing cultural documents (literary and non-literary texts, including at least one substantive literary work). This cultural analysis provides for the development of critical reading and writing skills (e.g., description, narration, exposition, and argumentation). Taught in Spanish. Offered each semester. Also counts toward gender and sexuality studies and Latin American studies majors and family studies and gender and sexuality studies concentrations. Prerequisite: SPAN 232 or placement into SPAN 250 or SPAN 251.


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Students explore diverse experiences of modern Latin America through the lenses of gender and race, which provide a productive framework for examining economic, class, and other key aspects of Latin American society. Students will work with a variety of sources, both literary and non-literary, including articles, images, documents, and at least one substantive literary work. This cultural analysis provides for the development of critical reading and writing skills (e.g., description, narration, exposition, and argumentation). Taught in Spanish. Offered each semester. Also counts toward women's and gender studies, gender and sexuality studies, race and ethnic studies, and Latin American studies majors and race and ethnic studies, management studies, gender and sexuality studies, and women's and gender studies concentrations. Prerequisites: SPAN 232 or placement into SPAN 250 or SPAN 251.


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Students examine the diverse elements that have shaped Spanish culture through an exploration of political, social, economic, religious, and artistic topics. They develop critical analysis skills through reading, discussion, and written and/or oral projects. This course includes the study of selected literary and non-literary texts, including at least one substantive literary work. Taught in Spanish. Offered periodically. Also counts toward Latin American studies major. Prerequisite: SPAN 250 or SPAN 251.


