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In this fourth-year-level Chinese course, students explore a specified topic or theme in language, in various text/media (literature, newspaper, television, and film), in culture/civilization, or in a combination of these, through close examination of texts (written or visual), discussion, analysis, and interpretation of selected materials. Specific topics vary by instructor and semester. May be repeated if topic is different. Taught in Chinese. Offered annually. Prerequisite: CHIN 302 or placement.


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Students in this course develop critical, historically informed, cross-cultural perspectives on race in the United States by investigating the roots of racial thought in the world of the Greeks and Romans over two millennia ago. Topics include comparative racial formation; ancient theories of race and their impacts on the modern world; racist structures across time and space; and the contingency of cultural responses to ethnic difference and "otherness." Readings range from antiquity to 21st-century America. Offered periodically in fall and spring semesters.


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Recent and planned topics include parallel and distributed computing, mobile computer graphics, and relational database systems. May be repeated if topic is different. Offered periodically.


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This course explores the Hip Hop dance canon through Party Dance technique, and styles under the umbrella of Hip Hop. Beginning where DANCE 113 Hip Hop I ends, it focuses on rhythm, groove, and extends into complex footwork. As an intermediate-level course, these foci are explored intricately and in-depth, with expectations that students work toward intellectual and clear kinesthetic comprehension exhibited in the body through performance. Students investigate the influence of Hip Hop as a genre on various cultures through the study of street dance technique. Prerequisite: DANCE 113 or permission of instructor.


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This course explores the Hip Hop dance canon through Party Dance technique, and styles under the umbrella of Hip Hop. Beginning where DANCE 113 Hip Hop I ends, it focuses on rhythm, groove, and extends into complex footwork. As an intermediate-level course, these foci are explored intricately and in-depth, with expectations that students work toward intellectual and clear kinesthetic comprehension exhibited in the body through performance. Students investigate the influence of Hip Hop as a genre on various cultures through the study of street dance technique. May be repeated. Prerequisite: DANCE 113 or permission of instructor.


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Students study musculoskeletal anatomy (structure) and kinesiology (science of human motion) from the perspective of dance training and performance. Students learn anatomical terminology, identify select bones (major features, articulations) and muscles (locations, actions), and analyze their influence during coordinated movement patterns. Students learn joint structure and mechanics, alignment and imbalances, movement behavior, conditioning needs, and injury prevention. Students learn to notice, measure, experience, sense, and reflect upon the impact of anatomical characteristics and anomalies. Offered alternate years in the fall semester. Prerequisite: students taking this course should have previous experience in a movement intensive practice similar to dance, athletics, or kinesiology.


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The powerful insights of microeconomic analysis inform this consideration of environmental policy and regulation. Coursework emphasizes issues germane to setting and attaining specific environmental objectives - how much pollution to allow, how much to encourage preservation, how much cutting to permit. By considering whether and how to assign monetary values to goods like species diversity and climactic stability, students gain practical experience applying benefit-cost analysis to environmental decisions. Offered annually. Prerequisite: ECON 121 or permission of instructor.


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The health care sector in the U.S. is undergoing rapid change that affects patients, providers and payers. Managed care and managed competition are restructuring the delivery of health care services and reducing costs, while frustrating physicians and patients. The course examines the economic factors leading to the changes, current issues and controversies, and federal health policies. Students interested in nursing, medicine, and the sciences are encouraged to enroll. Offered annually. Prerequisites: ECON 121 or permission of instructor.


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This course addresses the institutions that comprise modern monetary systems and the influence that these systems have on levels of income, output, employment, and prices in market economies. It addresses in detail monetary theory and monetary policy, including both the nature of our central bank and the role that it plays in our monetary system. Prerequisite: ECON 121 or permission of instructor.


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Government action affects us all. We pay taxes; we use public roads, schools, and parks. Some prices we pay are lower due to government subsidies; others are higher due to taxes. Government actions influence both the efficiency of our economy and the equity and equality within our society. Students learn valuable analytical tools for evaluating public projects, tax policies, entitlement programs and voting behavior. Offered annually. Prerequisite: ECON 262 and one of ECON 260, ECON 263, or SDS 272; or permission of instructor.


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What do workers want from work? What do employers want from workers? Pressing policy issues exist for workers competing in the global economy. Unions, unemployment insurance, welfare and the minimum wage enhance the prospects of many, while leaving others even worse off. This course utilizes microeconomic theory, statistics and institutional analysis to understand labor markets. Offered annually. Prerequisites: ECON 262 and one of ECON 260 or ECON 263 or SDS 272.


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This course explores legal systems vastly different from that in the United States and uses economic analysis to understand both the reasons for the peculiarities and their relative success or failure. The objective of this course is to deepen students' understanding of the basic economic principles used to analyze legal institutions and to teach them how to apply economic concepts to important contemporary and historical topics. Offered annually. Prerequisites: ECON 262 and one of ECON 260 or ECON 263 or SDS 272, or permission of instructor.


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This course emphasizes the theoretical foundations, mathematical structure, and applications of major econometric techniques appropriate for time-series data. Topics covered include generalized least squares, single-equation time-series models, multi-variable time-series models, forecasting and forecast evaluation, and seasonality. This course is recommended for students interested in analysis of issues in macroeconomics and finance. Offered annually. ECON 384 and ECON 385 may not both be used to satisfy the economic analysis requirements for either the economics or quantitative economics major. Completion of MATH 220 may be helpful but is not required. Prerequisites: ECON 261 and one of ECON 260 or ECON 263 or SDS 272; or permission of instructor.


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Students examine how humans learn language as well as how they learn more than one language, as is the case for the vast majority of people. Students also explore the factors that enable or hinder language learning and whether bilinguals are smarter. These are just some of the fascinating issues addressed in the course that combines study of theory, fieldwork-based analysis of learner language, and pedagogical considerations, including a focus on both English and World Language learners. Offered annually in the fall semester. Required for ESL licensure and TEFL certificate. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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This course explores educational experiences in the United States from political, historical, sociological and philosophical lenses. Students also explore their own intersecting identities, cultivate racial literacy, and develop the mindsets and skills of antiracist and culturally responsive-sustaining educators. Students gain practical experience in an educational setting through a required 20-hour field experience. Strongly recommended to be taken fall of sophomore year to begin the licensure sequence; not open to first-year students. Offered during fall semester. Prerequisite: Not open to first-year students.


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Students examine various heroic and trickster figures as manifested in post-colonial literature from Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, both oral and written, and seek to understand what basic human needs and realities these figures express and fulfill. Offered periodically.


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This course introduces students to queer of color theory, literature, and film. Its focus is the intersectionality of sexuality, gender, race, class, and language, and the contributions of Black and Latinx writers to queer knowledge. It explores how their work creates and expands sexuality and gender studies beyond the universalism that plagues "mainstream" queer theory. Offered alternate years during fall semester.


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Exciting writing in English is coming from South Asia: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. An area once shaped by British colonization, South Asia is changing rapidly now with globalization. Students explore this region's history, culture, and religions through a selection of primarily 20th- and 21st-century literary texts. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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Students explore the histories, cultural patterns, religious practices, key institutions, gender issues, narrative styles, and significant contributions to our nation of an array of racial and multicultural groups. Such diverse writers as Leslie Silko, Chaim Potok, Amy Tan, and Toni Morrison raise questions about voice and identity, both individual and collective. Offered annually. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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This course examines the ethical commitments of Renaissance literature and asks students to use works by Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, John Milton, and others to reflect on their own ethical decision-making. The course is constructed around two main areas of ethical concern that connect today's world to prior centuries: the good life, and political ethics of leadership. This course asks how these texts' ethical commitments can help us understand enduring ethical dilemmas. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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Students explore what it means to be literate in an age of new media by reading critical scholarship and comparing the ways they read, interpret, and learn from digital texts to ways they read, interpret, and learn from print media. In their final, digital project, students critically examine the use of new media to make humanities scholarship more public. Offered annually. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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Rhetoric and composition are academic fields within English studies that take up the questions of how meaning is made and negotiated in a variety of historical, geographical, and media-based contexts. This topics course provides students with an overview of these fields and an in-depth perspective on areas of focus within the fields. Topics could include: presidential rhetoric, classical rhetoric, technical writing, interactive texts and video games, feminist rhetoric, and community literacy. May be repeated if topic is different. Offered annually. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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In this course, students read a diversity of creative nonfiction and write intensively, exploring creative nonfiction craft elements. Students workshop longer pieces and participate in the generation of peer feedback and reflection about the revision process. They consider their own creative nonfiction writing within the context of larger literary conversations and communities. Offered annually. Prerequisites: WRIT 120 or equivalent and at least sophomore status.


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Students learn the techniques of screenwriting, including how to create backstories, break down scenes, and structure narratives. They will read and analyze screenplays through a creative, storytelling lens and generate speculative scripts of their own to be workshopped with peers. Prerequisites: WRIT 120 or equivalent and at least sophomore status.


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Students deepen their understanding of craft and form by reading contemporary and modern poetry and completing individual, polished writing projects. Class sessions encourage community development as students discuss various options within the poetic form, explore book-length volumes, workshop their writing, and examine the larger poetic landscape's artistic concerns and vocational practices. Prerequisites: ENGL 292 or permission of the instructor.


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Remote sensing and GIS are increasingly used to address basic and applied questions in the environmental sciences and a host of other disciplines. Students survey available remote sensing image types and learn to process (ground-truthing, GPS, scanning, digitizing) and interpret remotely sensed images. They also learn theory and practice of geographic information systems (basic cartography and spatial statistics). Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered annually. Prerequisites: ENVST 137 or a level I course in biology, chemistry, or physics.


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Ecosystem Health introduces students to the core concepts and skills necessary to engage in the rapidly evolving and interdisciplinary fields of One Health and Planetary Health. With broad applications in environmental science and public health, the course emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Central to the course is systems thinking, which provides students with tools to understand and analyze the complexity of ecological and health systems. Through the lens of complexity theory, students will develop a holistic perspective critical for addressing pressing global grand challenges at the interface of health and the environment. This class covers a broad range of topics, including environmental toxicology, sustainable agriculture and food security, biodiversity and health, migration and population dynamics, infectious diseases, and zoonotic diseases. Prerequisite: ENVST 137 or any natural science course.


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Students explore how family relationships are influenced by social, historical, and political contexts. Drawing on a range of disciplinary contexts and research, this course underscores the ways family relationships are constructed, sustained and challenged in society, with emphasis on theories and practice of family communication. Students draw on the relational dynamics studied in the introductory family studies course to transition to elaborating on the complexities of family functioning in U.S. society and beyond. Offered each semester.


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Hollywood and other popular cinemas around the world divide their film narratives into different genres like melodrama, horror, musicals, science fiction, film noir, and gangster cinema. Some of these genres stem from literature and theater, and most have subsequently influenced television, video games, and other media production. In this course students analyze the history and characteristics of one of these genres in detail or compare and contrast influential examples of genre production. May be repeated if topics are different. Offered alternate years in the fall semester beginning fall semester 2021-22.


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This advanced course rotates between various topics in film that may include genres and styles, authorship, national and transnational cinemas, industrial history, and film's relationship to other art forms and popular culture at large. Students study films within a context that emphasizes specialized theoretical, cultural, or historical concerns and questions. May be repeated if topic is different. Offered annually in the spring semester. Prerequisite: FMS 101.


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This course provides an on-campus immersion experience for students interested in improving their oral language proficiency. Students engage in small and large group discussion, give individual and group oral presentations, and review grammar and registers of language. They also explore the notions of communicative competence and oral proficiency in order to become more effective speakers. Taught in French. Offered during January term. Prerequisite: FREN 232 or FREN 235, or equivalent.


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Students examine a historical period or theme and its impact on the institutional, intellectual, and artistic heritage of German-speaking societies. The course requires close reading and critical analysis of primary sources, with a focus on history as an interpretive reconstruction of the past. Recent topics: the German Democratic Republic, German colonialism and decolonization, and migration. The course emphasizes strategies for writing papers in German. Taught in German. May be repeated if topic is different. Offered periodically in fall semester. Prerequisite: GERM 251 or GERM 252.


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Third-semester Greek students translate selections from Plato's dialogues (Apology, Crito, Phaedo) while reviewing vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. Topics for class discussion include the life and death of Socrates and the significance of the dialogues as works of literature. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: GREEK 112 or equivalent.


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Like the genre that it describes, the word drama is itself of Greek origin. From the treasure-trove left to us by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, and Menander, students translate one or two complete plays and discuss the evolution of the Greek theater, staging, and modern interpretations. Prerequisite: GREEK 231 or equivalent.


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This interdisciplinary seminar introduces students to critical and cultural texts written by authors of color to name the complex politics of race, gender, and sexuality. Students develop intersectionality as an analytical tool with which to understand how systems of interlocking oppression have marginalized women and LGBTQ people of color. Readings emphasize literary and cultural representations as acts of resistance to racial gender violence, racial homophobia, policing and militarization, and global economic inequality. Offered annually.


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This course explores the origins of the modern Russian empire. Using primary sources including chronicles, folktales, legal codes, letters, and religious icons, students consider Russia's development from a loose collection of princedoms into a powerful, multi-ethnic empire spanning 11 time zones. Topics include the impact of geography and climate, the Orthodox religion, Mongol rule, gender roles, the rise of autocracy, and social rebellion. Offered periodically.


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This course views the history and legacy of the World Wars through three thematic lenses: the shock of modernity, the contradictions of empire, and collective memory. From the metropole to the colonial periphery, individuals in the largest cities and the smallest villages experienced rapid and seismic upheaval, including extraordinary technological change, political and social revolution, economic depression, totalitarianism, nuclear war, and the Holocaust.


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An overview of the evolution of Latin American societies since 1750, this course examines the consequences of independence, 19th-century economic imperialism, and 20th-century transitions to more urbanized, industrialized ways of life. Students examine major Latin American nations and compare their revolutionary and counter-revolutionary trajectories toward the establishment of authoritarian states. Languages Across the Curriculum (LAC) course is often available in Spanish. Offered periodically.


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This survey course challenges students to break out of their European protective shields and "imaginings" and to think globally, while appreciating the contributions of other civilizations that have had such a telling impact on the modern world. Through a rigorous analysis of a list of primary sources and assigned reading, the course examines the significant political, religious, social and economic developments of humankind, and strives for the global perspective. Some historical processes, as one historian aptly stated, are best studied on a global, rather than a single perspective. Offered annually.


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How did Britain emerge as the world's first "super-power"? Students examine British history from the Revolution of 1688 through the era of World War II. Topics include the aristocracy, the impact of the Industrial and French Revolutions, liberalism and capitalism, Victorian culture, the working class and political reform, the women's movement, the imperial achievement, the issue of Ireland, and the challenge of the world wars. Offered periodically.


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Russia's modern history from Peter the Great to the revolution of 1917 centers on the tsarist autocracy and popular movements to limit its power. Students assess Russia's economy, culture, and religion against the background of the country's westernization. Language Across the Curriculum (LAC) course periodically available in Russian. Offered periodically.


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This course introduces the history of ancient and imperial China beginning with the earliest historical records through the 19th century. In this broad sweep of history, students engage with works of literature, philosophy, religion, medicine, the arts, and political statecraft in English translation. Rather than focusing solely on political history and dynastic change, this course also explores the cultural and social lives of ordinary people as a central theme. Offered annually during fall semester.


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This survey of modern Japan from 1800 to the present examines the political transformation of the Meiji Restoration, the industrial revolution and social and cultural change, the rise and fall of party government, militarism and Japanese expansionism in World War II, the American occupation, and postwar social, political, economic, and cultural developments. Offered alternate years.


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This course traces the history of human rights, politics, and ideas in Latin America. Students examine strategies which people have used to claim rights, ask how people developed ideas of "the human" in the colonial era, examine how independence problematized the idea of universal rights, and watch the development of human rights politics in the twentieth century. Students critically examine human rights and challenges to their realization across the region. Offered annually in the spring.


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This seminar examines the role of gender, race, and class in the development of policing and punishment in the United States. Students utilize primary and secondary sources such as film, music, art, and activist documents in their inquiry. By the end of the course, students should be able to construct historical arguments about the history of captivity in the United States and how communities can work together to change its impact. Offered periodically in Fall semester.


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Students explore the theory and practice of Public History as they learn to identify and interpret history for the public. Using readings, workshops, site visits, and individual and collaborative projects, students explore how ownership and funding influence decisions regarding what is preserved; how the past informs the present; how the present may oppose the past; and how cultures engage in remembering their pasts in ways consistent with the common good. Offered annually. Prerequisite: history major or permission of instructor.


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Spanning at least twelve thousand years and involving more than five hundred indigenous nations the history of Native America is complex and diverse. This course focuses on significant themes, time periods, or geographical regions, with emphasis on the Native peoples within the modern-day continental United States. Examples include "The Trail of Tears," "The West Before Lewis and Clark," and "Pontiac's America." May be repeated if topic is different. Offered periodically.


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This seminar covers the emergence and development of Roman civilization from the founding of Rome to the end of the Western Empire. Students explore such topics as the Greek and Etruscan legacy, evolution from republic to autocracy, the Augustan Age, Pax Romana, social and intellectual trends, the triumph of Christianity and Rome's final transformation. May be repeated if topic is different. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: HIST 190 or HIST 204 or permission of instructor.


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This seminar examines the development of LGBT communities in a broad range of national contexts, urban and rural sexual subcultures, and the related histories of regulation, medicalization, and categorization. In addition to exploring major theoretical influences on queer and trans history, including Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, and Jen Manion, this course allows students to pursue research on the lived experiences and biographies of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans Europeans, 1789-2000.


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The seminar focuses on the theory and practice of oral history. Students learn to conduct, transcribe and incorporate interviews in projects. Students interrogate conceptual issues - the interview as narrative, memory, identity, connections, motivations, and the silences inherent in oral history - and how these relate to gender, religion, and class in multiple global settings. Students learn such practical techniques as how to probe social masks, evaluate oral evidence, and the legalities of releasing interviews. Offered annually.


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This course provides sustained supplemental support for college transition. Students engage with various theories and practices of how to learn, navigate academic cultures and communities, develop a sense of belonging, advocate for educational and personal support, and identify and deepen individual strengths through coursework and sustained reflection. Enrollment by instructor permission. P/N only.


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Students continue to develop the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills that enable them to deal not only with topics of daily life, but also cultural themes and authentic materials. Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: JAPAN 112 or equivalent.


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This third year-level course aims to increase the knowledge of Japanese people, language, and society by comparing with students' own cultures in their target language. Various authentic "texts" (images, video clips, written texts, etc.) support student learning. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: JAPAN 232 or equivalent.


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This course offers a basic study of motor skill acquisition and motor control. Topics include methods of assessment, evaluation and research in the areas of motor learning and control, the learning environment, and discussion of factors that influence the acquisition and performance of motor skills. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing and completion of BIO 143 and BIO 243.


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This course is an interdisciplinary introduction to Latin America. A central theme is the complex and recurring dynamics of traditions and change that have characterized Latin America since its inception more than five centuries ago. This includes examining how traditions are constructed and change, how they are maintained and/or revitalized by mixing new with old, local with regional and global, ideology with practice, as well as how new traditions are formed.


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Third-semester Latin students translate large portions of two orations (First Catilinarian, Pro Caelio) by Cicero and selections from Catullus' poetry while reviewing vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. Topics for class discussion include life in late Republican Rome and the stylistic features of the literature. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: LATIN 112 or equivalent.


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The writings of Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus provide breathtaking views of ancient Rome and memorable vignettes from the city's colorful history. Extended passages from the historians' works, read in Latin, form the basis for a survey of Roman historiography and of historical writing in general. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: LATIN 231 or equivalent.


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This course combines a full semester of differential calculus with reviews of algebra and pre-calculus topics for students who did not complete a pre-calculus course in high school, or are otherwise not prepared to enroll in MATH 120. Review of algebraic techniques and the language of functions are integrated with topics from the calculus of functions of a single real variable, including trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Topics are explored graphically, symbolically, and numerically. Class meets four times per week, including one laboratory meeting. Credit may be earned for either MATH 119 or MATH 120, but not both. Offered in the fall semester. Prerequisite: mathematics placement recommendation.


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This course continues the study of vector spaces and linear transformations. Topics include: abstract vector spaces; linear transformations, including matrix representations, decompositions such as Jordan Canonical Form and Singular Value Decomposition; characteristic polynomials and the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem; invariant subspaces; and inner product spaces, including orthogonal bases, minimization problems, and the Spectral Theorem. Applications may include graph and network theory, principal component analysis and generalized eigenspaces, iterative solutions of large systems, and representation theory. Prerequisites: MATH 220, and MATH 244 or MATH 252.


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This course covers partial differential equations from an applied perspective and emphasizes simple models involving phenomena such as wave motion and diffusion. Topics and techniques such as separation of variables, boundary value problems, Fourier series, and orthogonal functions are developed carefully. Mathematical computing is used freely. Offered alternate years. Prerequisite: MATH 226 and MATH 230.


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Contemporary Styles Voice Class is open to all students regardless of music background and will focus on singing techniques utilized in contemporary music. Students will develop healthy techniques for breathing and vocalizing in the three core singing techniques used in all contemporary genres: belt, mix, and legit. Students will choose their own repertoire from any style, including but not limited to: pop, jazz, rock, blues, country, R&B, gospel, contemporary music theater, hip hop, etc. Offered annually in the spring.


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For music majors with little or no prior keyboard experience, this course introduces basic keyboard patterns and technical foundations, applied music theory, harmonization and transposition, and playing by ear. Development of sight playing skill is a central focus. Class sessions include reading, ensemble playing, performance, skill development and drill, and structured improvisation. A grade of B- or higher satisfies Piano Proficiency Level 1 requirements. Offered annually in the fall semester. Concurrent registration in MUSIC 112 is strongly encouraged. Prerequisite: declared music major.


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The music found in rehearsal folders plays a pivotal role in shaping the curricular focus of a school band or orchestra. This class helps students develop skills in assessing, selecting, and creating high-quality music literature appropriate for instructing instrumental ensembles in elementary and secondary schools. A comprehensive review of recommended published repertoire culminates in programming projects. Additionally, students acquire the technical craft and artistic sensibilities needed to create successful arrangements for instrumental ensembles. Required for BM music instrumental education majors. Offered alternate years in the fall semester. Prerequisite: MUSIC 114.


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Students develop skills and study materials essential to planning and leading worship and training/rehearsing ensembles in a church music program in various traditions. Musical topics include rehearsing and conducting from the keyboard, hymn playing in various styles, playing from chord symbols, global percussion and handbell techniques. Repertoire includes choral music for all ages and for all parts of the church year. Students also explore current issues in church music, the vocation/philosophy of the church musician, organization and administration. Required for B.M. church music major. Offered alternate years in spring semester. Prerequisite: declared music major.


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Students study how music can engage and advocate for those on the margins of society, inspiring social justice movements. Analyzing historical and current events, class members design a musical project that can empower a people, group or organization in addressing moral and social problems such as racial inequality, rural or urban violence, or prison reform. A Christian normative framework, along with religious and secular alternatives, help guide the ethics implications pertaining to this subject. Offered annually during January term.


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For music majors with organ or piano as their principal instrument, this course provides intensive practical experience with and development of functional keyboard skills including sight-reading, score reading, keyboard harmonization, transposition, improvisation, and figured bass/continuo realization. Open to other advanced organists and pianists by permission of instructor. A grade of B- or higher satisfies the keyboard proficiency level 4 requirements. Offered alternate years. Prerequisite: concurrent registration in, or successful completion of, MUSIC 114.


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Students survey the solo art song repertoire of Germany, Italy, and Spain. The course highlights the significant features and development of the art song, and provides context, approaches, and resources for studying this literature. Course work includes in-class performance. Offered fall semester in alternate years. Prerequisite: MUSIC 141 and MUSIC 214 or permission of instructor; MUSIC 263 and MUSIC 264 preferred.


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Beginning with the 17th century, students trace the evolution of literature for piano through the major works of such diverse composers as Bach, Boulez, Couperin, and Cage. Course content includes lectures, readings, listening, analysis, performance, and written assignments. Special attention is paid to performance practice traditions and historical context. Offered periodically. Prerequisites: MUSIC 141, MUSIC 212, and one 300-level musicology or music theory elective, or permission of instructor.


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Through group instruction, students encounter the fundamentals of singing and an introduction to song literature. In-class performance is required. Additionally during the second half of the course, class participants are introduced to the principles of vocal pedagogy as applied to the child and adolescent voice in the class or ensemble rehearsal. There is an emphasis on understanding the developing young voice and establishing good vocal habits with healthy pedagogical techniques as well as exploration of appropriate choral literature. Required for BM instrumental music education majors. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: MUSIC 251 or permission of instructor.


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This course introduces a systematic approach to the study of voice production for use in the studio or classroom. Students examine basic vocal anatomy and physiology approached through body mapping strategies. Students then apply these principles of vocal pedagogy to the child and adolescent voice with emphasis on the developing voice, establishing healthy vocal habits, appropriate teaching techniques, and literature. Required for BM vocal music education and BM vocal performance majors. Offered annually in fall semester. Prerequisite: at least three semesters of MUSPF 152 (voice lessons) or permission of instructor.


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To deepen awareness and understanding of performance music, and to gain tools to produce textural interest in composition, students study the contrapuntal techniques of composers from the Renaissance, Baroque, and Modern periods including Palestrina, Bach, and Barber. Offered fall semester 2019-20 and alternate years. Prerequisite: MUSIC 214.


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Students explore how Somali diaspora communities have made important visible and audible contributions to the cultural landscape of Minnesota, while studying and learning to perform the interconnected arts of Somali poetry, music, dance, and theater. Interactions with local Somali musicians and community leaders, a visit to the Somali mosque, and collaboratively working to discern and support the needs of a community partner organization that serves Somali families provides students with hands-on experience in community engagement. Prerequisite: MUSIC 141 or permission of instructor.


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Working with a live instrumental or choral ensemble, students learn and conduct complete movements and/or entire works and encounter a variety of advanced baton techniques. Course activities develop skills in reading, preparing, interpreting and memorizing scores, with further focus on rehearsal procedures, performance practice, and concert programming. Participants are required to observe a variety of rehearsals on- and off-campus. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: MUSIC 251 and either MUSIC 252 or MUSIC 253.


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Students explore an interdisciplinary topic in language, literature, history, or culture through close reading, discussion, analysis, and interpretation of selected works, including theoretical texts. Recent topics include: Peace and non-violence from a Nordic Perspective, The Immigrant Experience: From Nordic to Contemporary Immigration to Minnesota, Nordic American heritage, Social Welfare in the Nordic context. Taught in English. May be repeated if topics are different. Offered periodically. Some topics may count toward Norwegian major.


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This interdisciplinary course explores the Sámi, an Indigenous people living mainly in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. Students first place the Sámi in a historical-cultural context by examining the Sámi's social and economic systems, religion, customs, and values. The major portion of the course examines the Sámi primarily from within: the Sámi will present themselves through their literature, film, music, and art. Taught in English. Offered periodically.


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Public health nursing is informed by community needs and environmental factors focusing on health promotion and disease prevention. Through project management, students address the health needs of groups and communities utilizing group communication processes, teamwork, and collaboration. Students focus on utilizing community resources, identifying risk factors, and evaluating the impact on population health as related to current epidemiological trends. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: open to senior nursing majors only; NURS 314 with grade of C or above; concurrent enrollment in NURS 312 and NURS 315.


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Confucius, Buddha, and Socrates are foundational philosophers of the ancient world. Yet, Socrates holds a privileged position in the history of philosophy due to his emphasis on reason, argumentation, and his influence on Plato. In this course students take a comparative approach to the philosophies of these three thinkers with the aim of examining their method of practicing philosophy, analyzing their philosophical theories, and investigating what it is to be a philosopher in each of their cultures. Offered annually. Prerequisite: first-year student or sophomore standing.


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This seminar provides an introduction to philosophy that compares psychological and philosophical approaches to moral behavior and character. The course examines the nature of those states of mind that are thought to constitute moral (or evil) character and produce moral (or evil) actions, relationships, and societies. States considered may include humility, self-respect, beneficence, compassion, caring, anger, forgiveness, courage, and truthfulness. Offered annually. Prerequisite: first-year student or sophomore standing.


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This course is an introduction to PPE, an interdisciplinary field that pursues the powerful connections among its three defining disciplines (philosophy, politics, and economics). Students engage with core topics in the field - such as markets, collective action, justice, and public choice - from a variety of ideological perspectives, such as libertarianism, Marxism, liberalism, and feminism. They learn how to integrate different disciplinary approaches in application to both theoretical and policy debates. Not open to first-year students except by special permission. Offered annually during fall semester.


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This course surveys the origins and development of ancient Greek philosophy from the Presocratics in the 6th century BCE through Plato and Aristotle in the 4th century BCE. Students read and analyze primary texts in translation in order to examine the historical foundations of philosophical issues in cosmogony, natural philosophy, metaphysics, epistemology, logic, psychology, and ethics. As time permits, the course may include writings from one or more of the Hellenistic schools of Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics. Offered annually. Prerequisite: one course in philosophy or permission of instructor.


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Formal systems of logic attempt to make principles of good reasoning explicit. This course introduces two such systems of logic: propositional and predicate calculus. Students learn to use formal techniques to analyze arguments and explore philosophical issues related to meta-theory, including consistency and completeness, the paradoxes of material implication, ontological commitment, and the interpretation of quantifiers. Offered annually.


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This course clarifies central concepts and distinctions developed in the literature of moral philosophy and applications of those concepts and distinctions to concrete moral problems that arise in the practice of medicine. Issues may include euthanasia, abortion, medical paternalism, allocation of scarce medical resources, culturally sensitive medical care, pandemics, and conflicts of loyalty in managed care. Readings are drawn from both philosophical and medical discussions. Offered annually.


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Modern science raises important challenges for ethics and religion. Some are theoretical: can evolutionary and cognitive science be fully accommodated by religious persons and moral realists? Are the arguments for God's existence helped or hurt by modern science? Scientific developments also give rise to practical challenges for ethics. Should we radically enhance human nature? Does neuroscience show that we can't be morally responsible? Should we worry about global catastrophes? Students explore these or related questions. Offered annually.


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This course considers the relationships between moral principles, law, and the practice of governments. Topics may include the "Just War" debate, censorship, property rights and distributive justice, natural law, political liberalism and its critics, whether governments should act in accordance with specific moral principles or remain neutral, the tensions between individual rights and the good of the community, and the role of religion in public life. Offered annually.


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This course analyzes issues concerning race and social justice from the perspective of normative ethical frameworks and various theories of value. Students investigate, interpret, and critique both intellectual foundations and reasons for endorsement of the various approaches to study in grace and social justice. Students pay critical attention to how the Black intellectual tradition understands the meanings and moral implications of such ideas. Offered annually.


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Students explore contemporary approaches to classical issues in theory of knowledge which include the nature and limits of knowledge; theories of justification; conceptions of truth; relativism and skepticism; and the standards of knowledge in the sciences, mathematics, history, ethics and religion. Specific issues discussed vary year to year. May be repeated if topic is different. Offered alternate years. Prerequisites: two courses in philosophy, one of which must be either PHIL 235 or PHIL 236 or permission of the department chair.


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This introductory course provides students a broad overview of public health focusing on concepts relating to health promotion, disease prevention and epidemiology. Additionally, students learn about the core public health values, functions, population health assessment and intervention and the socio-economic, behavioral, biological and environmental determinants of health. Students engage in oral and written communication to critically think and analyze public health issues. Offered alternate years during the spring semester.


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Epidemiology is the science of applying information about populations with the goal of improving health. This course will focus on multiple epidemiological research strategies in scientific, social and ethical context. By examining the range of health problems and diseases affecting diverse cultures, races, and ethnic groups, students gain understanding of epidemiology as the science of public health. Offered periodically to all St Olaf students in the fall semester. Prerequisites: PHS 150 preferred.


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This three-semester calculus-based sequence leads the student through the basic principles that account for the processes involved in baseballs, car engines, electrical power distribution systems, stereos, and black holes. It is the starting point for a major in physics and is also appropriate for majors in fields such as chemistry or mathematics who desire more mathematical depth than would be used in the two-semester PHYS 124 - PHYS 125 sequence. Physics 130 is a study of Newtonian mechanics --- motion, forces, energy, gravity, and rotation. Students attend lectures plus one 2.5-hour laboratory per week. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: concurrent registration in (or previous completion of) MATH 119 or MATH 120 or equivalent.


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In a democratic state, the media play an important role in linking the people to elected officials and political institutions. The course is principally concerned with this connection. By analyzing broad and varied forms of political communication and studying scholarship on the role of media in society, students explore the structure of American media with respect to political institutions, the effects media can have on individuals' political attitudes, and the role the media play in political campaigns and governance. Also counts toward media studies concentration. Prerequisite: none, but one course in political science is recommended.


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The goal of this course is to expand students' knowledge of conflict, cooperation, trade, development, inequality, imperialism, and power in world politics. The course uses substantive examples to teach about issues and institutions in "world politics" and to examine appropriate mechanisms to understand and explain international phenomena. Also counts toward business and management studies concentration. Offered annually.


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Individuals, communities, and organizations have found ways to address even the most egregious state abuses of human rights and other injustices. Using comparative analysis, this course considers cases and theories of nonviolent personal and political resistance and the factors that appear to contribute to people taking action and to successful responses. Students research and analyze cases of their choosing in light of the literature. Collectively students address an injustice, learning to research, network, strategize and take action over the course of the term. Prerequisites: PSCI 220 and at least one course in the subfield, or permission of instructor.


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In this course, students will explore the processes of sensation (how our sensory epithelia change physical information from the environment into electrical impulses in our brains) and perception (how we utilize those electrical impulses to form a representation of the world giving rise to our subjective realities). Students participate in in class psychophysical, physiological, and perceptual activities on vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste in order to enhance their learning. Offered annually. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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Why are people prejudiced and how can we reduce prejudice? Why do people help others? What is self-esteem and how do we defend it? How does romantic attraction develop? What are emotions and how do they influence us? In this introduction to the ways people interact and think about each other, students design their own theories of social behavior. Offered annually. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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This course is a study of the physical, social, cognitive, and emotional development of adolescents. Students will build their understanding of both normative and problematic development during adolescence and will learn about issues of special concern to adolescents, their families, and professionals who study or encounter adolescents. Students will leave this class with a thorough understanding of the period of adolescence as well as the ability to identify significant milestones. Students will also be able to think critically about the issues surrounding this developmental stage. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125


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Cognitive neuroscience investigates the biological bases of higher order cognition and complex human behavior (or more simply put, how the brain enables the mind). Discussion topics include the methodologies of cognitive neuroscience, perception, attention, learning, memory, language, executive function, emotion, development, social cognition, and consciousness. Offered periodically. Prerequisites: PSYCH 230, or PSYCH 238 and NEURO 239.


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This course examines several major theoretical perspectives on psychotherapy. Students review empirically supported treatments for specific clinical disorders, as well as "nonspecific" factors that affect the therapeutic process. Students explore ethical and legal challenges related to psychotherapy delivery, as well as multicultural and other diversity issues. Course format is primarily discussion-based. Offered annually. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing and PSYCH 230, and PSYCH 244 or PSYCH 247.


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This course addresses how religion - beliefs, practices, values, the ways it functions in society - is reflected in contemporary film. Religion addresses fundamental questions of human existence: Why are we here? How should we live? Why is there suffering and evil? What happens when we die? The course alternates between close readings of central religious texts which probe such questions (including the Jewish Scriptures, the New Testament, and later theologians and philosophers) and films that take up the questions, as well. While the central focus is on Christian and Jewish sources, the course also considers non-theistic perspectives. Through analysis and discussion of both text and film, students begin to form their own answers.


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Meditative practice lies at the heart of the Buddhist tradition. Students explore the theories and practices of meditation in the Buddhist traditions historically developed and practiced in India, China, Korea, and Japan. Through this course, students develop an in-depth understanding of the Buddha's teachings in association with the principles behind those meditative practices, the modern adaptations of these practices, as well as the relationship with the Buddhist teachings on well-being and spiritual happiness. Offered annually in the spring semester.


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The Christian tradition is replete with images of heroes and villains, human and beyond, in soaring redemption arcs and precipitous falls from glory. Students critically engage material inside and alongside religious communities by examining biblical texts, theological writings, art, comic books, and film. This course explores Christian depictions of human capacities, divine nature, evil, salvation, and hope, ideals that continue to shape broader cultural values and life.


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Students examine traditional Christian doctrines in light of feminist critiques and reformulations. The course focuses especially upon language and images of God, the person of Christ and the work of redemption and understandings of human nature. Students evaluate arguments for and against the compatibility of Christianity and feminism. Offered periodically.


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How do evil and the suffering that accompanies it affect our sense of the meaning and value of human life? Do religious ideas -- such as the idea of an all-powerful and all-loving God, or the claim that Jesus died on the cross for human sins -- help address these challenges or make them worse? Students explore ways that Christians, Jews, and Muslims have attempted to respond to these questions using philosophical, theological, literary, and visual strategies, and they also examine critiques of religious perspectives. Offered periodically.


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How similar or different is the conception of God that Christians and Muslims speak of, pray to, and worship? Christianity and Islam share scriptural and intellectual resources and complicated histories full of both cooperation and conflict. Exploring these topics, students analyze and compare theological emphases, reflect on how much similarity and difference there has been between the two traditions of reflection, and examine possibilities for future interaction. Offered annually in the spring semester.


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In this course students study deeply the nature of religion itself, experiences of divine union, detachment from false realities, altered states of consciousness, creative scriptural interpretations, gendered differences among reports, and mysticism's role in world peace or world strife. Students study the mystics themselves from a variety of religious and secularist traditions (variously Hindu, Jewish, Indigenous, Buddhist, Christian, Muslim, Ecological). Reading and experiencing mindfully, practicing bodily, students engage their whole selves. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: Open to current first-year students under OLE Core; students under GE curriculum must have completed BTS-B.


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Are the arts a distraction from or essential to being religious? This course examines how theologians, philosophers, and artists articulate a diversity of answers to this question. Doing so, the class examines ways to interpret the religious meaning and purpose of art. Students encounter different ideas about the value of beauty, the importance of creativity, the moral and cultural relevance of art, and whether art offers a revelation beyond the material world. Offered periodically.


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This course provides a critical analysis of the development of Christian thought in the Middle Ages and Reformation, 11th through 16th centuries. Particular attention is paid to the great theological systems of the Middle Ages and to the theological aims of the 16th-century reforming movements, drawing upon readings from Anselm, Aquinas, Bonaventure, Luther, Calvin, and others. Offered periodically.


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In this course, we examine the evolution of the medieval cultures of the East Slavic lands, called Rus’, from the arrival of Christianity to the founding of the Russian Empire. We examine changing conceptions of time and discourses of light and darkness in folklore, literature, architecture, sacred art, and ritual, to understand the evolving forms of life and worldview in medieval Rus'. A field trip to the Museum of Russian Art is planned.


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The fate of the queer community in Russia has been characterized by constant twists and turns between decriminalization and "re-criminalization". Homophobic Russian rhetoric embraces the popular view that homosexuality is essentially un-Russian. On the other hand, Western discourse often Orientalizes Russia as 'traditional', 'premodern' or 'underdeveloped' in its homophobia. This course, which considers queer Russian literature from modernist to contemporary authors, pushes back against both of these restrictive points of view. Prerequisite: One 200-level course in Russian Studies or Gender and Sexuality Studies


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This course takes a case-study approach to the fitting and assessment of statistical models with application to real data. Specific topics include multiple regression, model diagnostics, logistic regression, experimental design and ANOVA. The approach focuses on problem-solving tools, interpretation, model assumptions underlying analysis methods, and written statistical reports. Offered each semester. Prerequisite: SDS 172, ECON 260 or equivalent preparation (STAT 110 and SDS 164) or (AP Stat and SDS 164), or permission of instructor.


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This course extends and generalizes methods introduced in STAT 272 by introducing generalized linear models (GLMs) and correlated data methods. GLMs cover logistic and Poisson regression, and more. Correlated data methods include longitudinal data analysis and multi level models. Applications are drawn from across the disciplines. Offered annually. Also counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisite: SDS 272.


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Data with thousands of dimensions or columns is commonplace across multiple disciplines, including image analysis, natural language processing, genomics, time series, and recommendation systems. In this class students learn, understand, and apply principles and techniques to gain insights from high-dimensional data. Topics include clustering, principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling, non-negative matrix factorization, missing-value imputation for recommendation systems, topic modeling, word embeddings, object recognition using "eigenfaces", non-linear embedding techniques, multiple hypothesis testing, and false discovery rate adjustments. Offered periodically during fall and spring semesters. Prerequisites: MATH 220 and SDS 164.


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This course examines the sociology of colonialism and the colonialism of sociology. The readings in this course use sociological concepts to understand the colonial legacy irrespective of geographical or temporal parameters and reflect on how sociology itself is implicated in the colonial legacy. The objective is to assay whether sociology can meaningfully render colonialism intelligible without being an instance of it and determine whether colonialism can be conceived outside of specific national instances. Offered periodically.


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How do people understand illness and healing? How does social inequality shape health? These are among the questions explored by medical anthropology. In this course students examine the ways people in different societies experience their bodies, by looking at AIDS in Haiti, old age in India, and childbirth in the United States. Students investigate diverse understandings of health, different means of promoting healing, and the role of power in providing medical care. Offered annually.


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Students gain the skills necessary to conduct and critically evaluate quantitative research. Students learn the underlying theoretical assumptions and orientations of quantitative research, including research design, sampling techniques, strategies for data collection, and approaches to analysis. Students gain practice in data analysis by conducting are search project and using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), a standard in sociology. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisite: STAT 110 or SDS 172; open to junior or senior sociology/anthropology majors only.


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Students gain the skills necessary to conduct and critically evaluate quantitative research. Students learn the underlying theoretical assumptions and orientations of quantitative research, including research design, sampling techniques, strategies for data collection, and approaches to analysis. Students gain practice in data analysis by conducting are search project and using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), a standard in sociology. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major (social science emphasis) and business and management studies and public health studies concentrations. Prerequisite: STAT 110 or SDS 172; open to junior or senior sociology/anthropology majors only.


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Students examine the diverse elements that have shaped Spanish culture through an exploration of political, social, economic, religious, and artistic topics. They develop critical analysis skills through reading, discussion, and written and/or oral projects. This course includes the study of selected literary and non-literary texts, including at least one substantive literary work. May be repeated if topic is different. Taught in Spanish. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: SPAN 250 or SPAN 251 or permission of the instructor.


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Students examine political, economic, religious and/or social issues through textual analysis of literary and/or non-literary works representing diverse voices of the Spanish-speaking world (e.g. Indigenous people, women, non-Castilian nationalities in Spain, or Afro-Hispanic groups). The course includes study of at least one substantive literary work. Sample topics include: Women and Repression or The Afro Hispanic Struggle for Identity. May be repeated if topic is different. Taught in Spanish. Offered annually. Prerequisites: SPAN 250 or SPAN 251 and at least one 270-level course.


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This studio course is designed as an overview of the acting process for the non-major and includes basic acting theories, rehearsal techniques, improvisation, history, and styles. Students explore and practice exercises, scene work, and audition material. The course requires trips to professional theaters in the Twin Cities. A ticket fee is required. This course does not fulfill the acting requirement for the major. Counts toward musical theater concentration.


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Students learn and apply principles of speech composition and analyze speeches to understand effective methods. They demonstrate their knowledge in classroom speeches.


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San Salvador is a small Caribbean island boasting a great diversity of marine and terrestrial habitats. Students explore intersections between art and science as they develop basic drawing skills. Emphasis is placed on observation of the natural world. Lectures and field trips are coordinated with BIO 287: Island Biology. Apply through International and Off-Campus Studies. Offered during Interim in alternate years. Prerequisite: must have at least sophomore standing.


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This course introduces students to the medium of graphic design as a method of enhanced communication. The course explores the design communication process including conceptualization, creative processes, terminology, and technology. Assignments introduce computer applications used in the graphic design profession as well as graphic design elements of typography, production, color theory, digital printing processes, and basic web design. Counts toward studio art and art history majors and management studies and media studies concentrations.


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Spirituality is the development of our inner life and the means by which we develop our inner self takes on many forms. “Spirituality can also be thought of as an animating, creative, energizing, and meaning-making force—a dynamic expression of who we are.” Religious practice is the way most people think of as a means to nurture inner fortitude, compassion and equanimity, but has art making been overlooked as a way? Have the testimonies of artists gone unheard? Even many religious artists talk about the centering which their art making practice brings them, saying, “I can do this for hours, it’s meditation for me.” Is art making a form of meditation? Are there similarities to artistic practice that parallel those of various faith traditions? If so, what are those similarities? In this course students will examine the spiritual aspects, if any, of their own artistic practice in the medium of their choice, in the studio spaces available during interim. (Students must speak to the appropriate faculty member to know if they may continue to work in a given studio area.) Students will discuss specific readings, artists and art works that help clarify questions “concerning the spiritual in art.”


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This course is an intensive introduction to the art and architecture of Italy. Students will experience Italy as a cultural crossroads including sites from a broad range of cultures and eras; including Punic, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Arab, European and Norman influences. This cross-cultural experience will be the foundation for study of Florence from its inception as a Roman colony through the 19th century when Florence was the capital of the newly unified Italian nation. Offered during Interim in alternate years.


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This course invites students to examine the figure of the Zen Buddhist master as a literary and performative figure. In addition to a broad overview of the historical development of Zen Buddhism, students use case studies of Zen masters to explore questions of power, authority, and gender. Offered occasionally during Interim. Counts toward Asian studies and religion majors and Asian studies concentration. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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Students pursue guided fieldwork experience in China and Japan. Activities and readings in this course build ong the topics from from ASIAN 210 and three semesters of language study. Students continue to explore their understanding of Asia through ethnographic observation, interviews, and site visits. Students develop projects and follow a process of inquiry that will help them understand how ordinary people construct "Asian" culture and society today. Offered during Interim. Prerequisite: ASIAN 210.


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This course offers students the opportunity to study first-hand the most diverse ecosystems on earth. In this intensive field-oriented course students explore lowland rainforest, montane forest, dry forest, and coastal and agricultural ecosystems through projects and field trips. Students read and discuss texts and primary literature specific to ecology, evolution, conservation, and agricultural practices of each area, and keep reflective journals. Offered during Interim in alternate years. Prerequisite: one science course.


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Water is a beautifully simple molecule that is essential for survival (precious). Rivers have run dry, aquifers are overdrawn, pollution is widespread, and, with climate change, desert is encroaching and rains are hard to predict (precarious). In Morocco, like much of the world, safe drinking water, water for basic sanitation, or water for agriculture, is in short supply and sometimes not available at all (problematic). Students examine water from a scientific perspective -- chemical, physiological, ecological -- and delve into the historical, political, economic, and social implications in Morocco -- a country of diverse cultures and biotic zones from two oceans, mountain ranges, and the driest of dry deserts. Students learn through readings, lectures, student presentations, and field trips. This class is suitable for any student with sophomore standing. First-year students having completed Bio 150, or ES 137 may be considered. Counts toward biology major, environmental studies major (natural science elective), and Middle Eastern studies concentration


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The ability to reproduce is one of the key features of a living organism. Studying the biology of reproduction requires a synthesis of information and concepts from a wide range of fields within biology. This course addresses reproduction at the genetic, organismal, and population levels. Laboratory work adds a valuable investigative component to the course, and social/psychological issues are addresssed throughout. Counts as "comparative organismal biology" core category. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration if approved by petition. Prerequisites: BIO 150 or permission of instructor.


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This course is a service/learning experience. Week one is spent on campus learning basic clinical techniques, examining emerging disease, and studying existing health care issues. Students spend three weeks in Cuzco, Peru, assessing patient needs in a public hospital, a homeless shelter, orphanages, and a small village. Week four involves discussion and writing reflective journals. Apply through the Office of International and Off-Campus Studies. Offered during Interim. Prerequisites: BIO 150 or BIO 231, and BIO 291.


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Intensive study of the biology that created the Bahamas and that now constitutes the living structure of these islands. Staying at the Gerace Research Center provides access to a diversity of marine and terrestrial habitats including coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove forests, hypersaline ponds, limestone caverns, and the "blue-holes" that connect inland waterways to the sea.The Gerace Research Center is located on San Salvador Island. Offered during Interim. Counts toward Biology major. Prerequisite: BIO 150 or permission of instructor.


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Winter is the defining season for many organisms in Minnesota, leading to specialized adaptations to survive winter's challenges. This course will focus on those adaptations that allow plants and animals to thrive in our climate. Coursework will include selected readings from the primary literature, field research, and opportunities to learn about the natural history of local plants and animals in the field. Prerequisites: BIO 150 and BIO 261, preferred. If you have not had BIO 261, please consult with the department chair (kandl@stolaf.edu) or the instructor (putnam3@stolaf.edu).


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This course introduces students to intensive research at St. Olaf and the Boulder Laboratory for 3-D Electron Microscopy of Cells at the University of Colorado. In Boulder, students prepare samples for electron microscopy and immuno-gold Electron Microscopy, capture EM-images, and generate 3-D Tomograms. At St. Olaf students generate 3-D computer models of their datasets. Offered periodically during Interim. Prerequisite: three courses in biology or permission of instructor.


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From simulating population dynamics to mining molecular databases, computer programming is rapidly becoming essential to the study of a broad range of biological systems. This course introduces computer programming to biologists and allows for the creative application of this skill to an array of biological questions, with an emphasis on advanced genetics topics. Students will develop basic programming skills and will work collaboratively to develop novel solutions to biological problems. The final project will allow each student to develop a unique program in their own area of interest. Counts toward mathematical biology concentration. Prerequisite: BIO 233.


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This seminar course will focus on things in the environment that a mother may be exposed to during pregnancy that affect fetal development. We will discuss the mechanisms by which teratogens increase the chance of having a baby born with a birth defect. Teratogens discussed will include radiation, drugs, alcohol, stress and infections such as that caused by the Zika virus. This is a discussion-based course that will rely heavily on the primary literature. Prerequisite: two 200-level BIO courses or permission of instructor.


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Ovid was the most witty and popular Roman poet of his time, and his 12,000-line Metamorphoseshas influenced more European literature and art than any other classical Latin text. By analyzing two modern English translations and studying other poems, stories, and artwork based on the Metamorphoses, students gain an understanding of the nature of Ovid's storytelling and the power that it has exerted on our cultural tradition. Offered periodically during Interim. Counts toward ancient studies, classics, Greek, and Latin majors.


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This course introduces students to the history and art of ancient Greece. It covers more than two thousand years of Greek civilization, from the Bronze Age through the archaic, classical, and Hellenistic periods. The itinerary takes students to every major region of Greece, with extended stays in Athens, Crete, the Peloponnese, and Thessaloniki. When not visiting museums and archaeological sites, students have the opportunity to experience modern Greek culture as well. Offered during Interim in alternate years. Counts toward ancient studies, classics, Greek, and Latin majors.


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Dance, morality, and the bodies upon which they are displayed are subject to intense debate in America. What makes something a “dirty” dance? How are such categories constructed, maintained, or contested through the human body in motion? This class uses the lens of dance to explore the ways in which cultural, religious, and political notions of normative morality, are shaped around bodies, gender, race and beauty. By examining the question of Western ethical construction from an embodied point of view, students are asked to consider alternative normative frameworks for critical and constructive ethical reasoning. Movement will specifically be used in the course as a mode of inquiry. No dance experience required. Dancers and non-dancers welcome.


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In this course, students examine how schools and communities in the Twin Cities interact to provide support and developmental opportunities for school-age children. Through lectures, readings, discussions, field trips, and in-school and co-curricular placements, students gain an understanding and awareness of how race, class, ethnicity, national origin, and gender shape the complex character of urban youth and schools. Students spend one week in orientation activities on campus and two weeks in the Twin Cities. During the time in the Twin Cities, St. Olaf students participate as tutors and classroom assistants during the school day and then assist in various after-school and community programs. The last week of Interim is spent back on campus discussing the experience. P/N only. Open to first-year students. Offered during Interim. Counts toward race and ethnic studies and American studies majors and race and ethnic studies concentration.


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This program provides an opportunity for students to gain direct teaching experience by serving as an intern/paraprofessional for a teacher in a Minneapolis/St. Paul public school. The Interim will heighten students' sensitivities to the complexities of multicultural, urban education and provide exposure to models used to foster educational and personal success in diverse student populations. On/off-campus orientation will be followed by four weeks of full-time work in a classroom with a host teacher and participation in weekly seminars with the college instructor. Reading assignments, journals, and guest speakers will complement the experience. Fulfills EDUC 382: Human Relations requirement. P/N only. Apply through Education Department by Oct.15. Offered during Interim. Counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration and American studies major. Prerequisites: EDUC 330 or permission of instructor.


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Students study selected writers of the Eastern Caribbean islands of Barbados, Trinidad, Saint Lucia and others. The study of literature is supplemented by guest lectures and speakers, as well as field trips to sites of cultural and environmental interest. Accommodation includes stays in private homes. Offered periodically during Interim. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Is there life after total war? The obvious answer is yes, of course, we are here, but the preposition’s italics serve a purpose, gesture toward an argument: for some, the world wars did not end in 1945. They have been felt viscerally and thought about rigorously for the last half-century, influencing the ways people live together. “The past is never dead,” Faulkner once wrote. “It’s not even past.” This course investigates the continued presence of the world wars in modern and contemporary fiction. Reading works by three major authors—Virginia Woolf, Michael Ondaatje, and W.G. Sebald—we will study the interplay between the social, political, and environmental catastrophes of total war and the formal and stylistic moves that writers make as they attempt to provide an account of the unaccountable. We will consider how race, ethnicity, and gender have impacted “post”-war experience and its literary depictions, as well as how “past” strife has structured more recent conflicts like the Cold War and the so-called war on terror. Prerequisite: FYW.


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This course is centered around three 19th-century British novels: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, R. L. Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Bram Stoker's Dracula. Students explore the influence of these texts on mythical monsters from the 20th to 21st centuries in the form of classic black and white films of the 1930s, as well as more recent fictional and filmic incarnations. What do monsters tell readers about themselves? Assignments include both critical and creative writing. Offered periodically during Interim. Prerequisite: FYW.


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This course introduces students to the complicated relationship between philosophy and literature from any period between the 16th-century and the present day. Students learn about the intersection of ideas that fall under the general category of "modernity" and explore how selected philosophical views influence American and/or English literary works from the Renaissance to the contemporary period. Students gain an understanding of modern philosophies by learning how to incorporate interdisciplinary theories when engaging in literary analysis. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Surveillance Literature and Cinema - This course privileges a theoretical approach to the topic of surveillance, while examining how literature and film understand and imagine the impact of surveillance on our behavior, bodies, and everyday lives. We also explore how the relationship between surveillance and vision has developed and changed, and consider the role of media in the diffusion of surveillance technologies. Course materials engage with everything from consumer surveillance, and the policing of gender and race, to sites of institutional, military, and state surveillance.


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In this course students study the craft of speculative fiction writing. This umbrella term includes fantasy, science fiction, magical realism, fabulism, and slipstream. Students read and analyze several examples of short stories and novels both traditional and contemporary. Written assignments include the drafting and revision of students' own creative work. Prerequisite: FYW.


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This course focuses on the study and practice of literary publishing. Students explore the modern history and trends of publishing in America, as well as engage with written, oral, and digital projects that converse with readings and offer practical skills for students interested in publishing as either writers or editors. Projects may include the drafting and revision of a proposal for a hypothetical magazine, a book review, and a piece of digital fiction or marketing. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Games are neither “literature” nor “films,” but artifacts that include literary, filmic, multimodal, and interactive components. Therefore, in this class, students will push beyond the narrative or filmic aspects of games to ask how the playability of the game alters its rhetorical force. Students will write individual game analyses and create collaborative writing projects. While the course engages scholarship on rhetoric and video games, much of the class content will focus on students' writing.


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This course focuses on American fiction of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that reflects changing attitudes towards gender roles; sexual identity and behavior; and marriage, motherhood, and divorce. Students read works of fiction by Henry James, Kate Chopin, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Edith Wharton, and others, and analyze these texts in the context of the cultural and literary controversies they generated.


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This course provides an on-campus immersion experience for students interested in improving their oral language proficiency. Students engage in small and large group discussion, give individual and group oral presentations, and review grammar and registers of language. They also explore the notions of communicative competence and oral proficiency in order to become more effective speakers. Taught in French. Offered during Interim. Counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: FREN 232 or FREN 235, or equivalent.


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A total immersion experience and capstone course for students completing the language requirement. This course integrates listening, speaking, reading, writing, and cultural competence by exploring the recent history and contemporary aspects of major German cities, especially Berlin. Students self-select immersion situations, keep a journal of field experiences, and write short papers on topics from journal notes. Taught in German. May be counted toward the German major or German studies concentration. Offered periodically during Interim. Open to first-year students. Prerequisite: GERM 231 or equivalent.


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This course examines the history of modern Cuba, especially the 1959 revolution and its aftermath. Students study the transformation of Cuban political culture, the obstacles to economic and agrarian reform, education, the role of women, human rights, U.S. policies toward Cuba, and the future of Cuba after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The role of charismatic leadership in Latin America and the possibilities for revolutionary changes in the Americas are also examined. Offered periodically during Interim. Counts toward Latin American studies major and concentration.


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This course examines the public memory of the contemporary South through two pivotal events in American history, the Civil War and the civil rights movement. the course utilizes several vehicles for this purpose: the statues and memorials to the Civil War, the modern phenomenon of Civil War reenactment, and the contemporary museums dealing with the war and the civil rights era. The core issue is how these official sites of public memory function in an often polarized environment, and how they reflect the demands of politics, public attitudes, the schools, and the needs of tourism. The course culminates in a week-long visit to Alabama to visit several of the major museums and sites associated with the crucial confrontations of the civil rights era. Particularly appropriate for public history students.


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The course explores how people view Africa and the contested discourse on the meaning of "Africa" with special emphasis on sub-Sarahan Africa. Through lectures, discussion, and analysis of primary sources, students examine Africa's past in terms of material and social change; how the ordinary and the privileged made their world; economic and religious revolutions; responses to colonial encroachment and rule; and independence. No prior study of Africa necessary. Offered annually. Counts toward Africa and the Americas concentration.


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Students will explore health care in a clinical and hospital setting through association with a physician in one of the clinics that are a part of the metro area Fairview Health System or the Family Practice Medical Center of Willmar, Minnesota. Students will follow the physician, who serves as their primary mentor, or other designated physicians through their daily activities in pertinent clinical and hospital settings. Students will observe the delivery of health care in primary and specialty areas and in practices dealing with all age groups. Emergency health care and physician support areas are other aspects of medicine to which students will be exposed. Students will keep a journal detailing their observations and their interpretation of and reaction to these observations and will write a research paper on an aspect of current medical care and practice. Selection is based on a review of all applicants (preference given to junior or senior pre-medical students with demonstrated strong academic achievement). P/N grading. Offered annually during Interim.


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New Zealand is recognized as one of the world's most entrepreneurial countries. This course explores the unique innovation eco-systems that have developed to support entrepreneurship and economic development in New Zealand. Students will have site visits to both incubators and start-up organizations to meet with entrepreneurs while traveling from Auckland to Dunedin. Assignments will focus on idea generation and implementation. Offered alternate Interims. Counts toward the management studies concentration. Management studies concentration credit will only be awarded for one of MGMT 260 or MGMT 257.


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At the beginning of Prince's career, this prolific Minnesotan drew on a breadth of genres unprecedented for a popular musician in America. His live performances in particular present a sonic history of American popular music since the mid-20th century. Beginning from specific pieces, the class performs an archeology of 20th- and early 21st-century music to consider genres (including blues, soul, R&B, funk, and rock) and issues in music technology, spirituality, gender, sexuality and race. Counts toward music, American studies, race and ethnic studies, women's and gender studies majors; and race and ethnic studies and women's and gender studies concentrations. Offered occasionally.


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This course is a hands-on study of the science, aesthetics, history and current practices of electronic music. Creative projects include work with MIDI synthesizers and sequencers, as well as digital sampling and software synthesis. Offered during Interim 2016-2017 and alternate years. Counts toward media studies concentration. Prerequisite: sophomore standing or above.


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This course is designed for students interested in civic engagement in the arts and arts fusion projects. Participants mentor students from a local elementary school in an Opera Creation Residency as the elementary students compose and perform their own original works. The course culminates in staged public performances. Enrollment is subject to a fall interview/audition.Open to all students. May be repeated once. A class fee may be required. Offered during Interim 2017-2018 and alternate years.


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The Norwegian artist Edvard Munch not only painted one of the world's most famous paintings ("The Scream"), he also produced a remarkable body of psychological and expressionist artworks from the 1880s to the 1930s. This course uses Munch's art as a window onto Nordic literature in a period of transition from naturalism to modernism. Students explore the work of writers with significant connections to Munch, investigating the interplay between art and literature in fin-de-siècle Scandivavia. Counts toward Norwegian major and Nordic studies concentration. Offered periodically.


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This course explores the sources, chemical composition, and metabolic behavior of nutrients. Nutritional requirements for a balanced diet are examined as well as the consequences of excesses and deficiencies. Students use nutrition tools and guidelines to make sound food choices, learn how to read food labels, and consider factors affecting food consumption. Class activities increase students' awareness of a healthy diet, help students evaluate nutrition behaviors, and facilitate a nutritionally sound lifestyle. Offered annually.


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Literature provides rich resources for thinking through central philosophical questions, including the metaphysics and ethics of freedom; the problem of evil; the role of character in choice and action; the nature of morality; rebellion and human solidarity; God's existence and relation to the world; and the nature of truth. Designed primarily for first-year students, this course explores philosophical ideas in literary works of several different genres by studying plot, character, point-of-view, imagery, and symbolism. Offered during Interim.


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This course analyzes issues concerning race and social justice from the perspective of normative ethical frameworks and various theories of value. Students investigate, interpret, and critique both intellectual foundations and reasons for endorsement of the various approaches to study in grace and social justice. Students pay critical attention tohow the black intellectual tradition understands the meanings and moral implications of such ideas. Offered periodically during Interim. Counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration. Prerequisite: BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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A central concept in political science, civil society refers to social association and self-regulation outside of the legislative and coercive functions of the state. Students examine factors affecting the strength and nature of civil society and its effects on political life, attending to how civil society develops differently in specific parts of the world. The course also introduces normative prescriptions for improving civil society. The first part of the course introduces students to the forms, norms, and expressions of civil society, while the second part of the course delves more deeply into a specific example of a civil society. The specific topic of the second section of the course will vary each time it is offered. Offered alternate years.


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Psychopaths, blazing a path of disregard and devastation through life, are a chilling example of the darker side of humanity. Students critically compare psychopathy as protrayed in the popular media to psychology's theoretical and empirical understanding. They explore questions such as: What are the hallmark characteristics of a psychopath? Where can psychopaths be found? What causes psychopathy? Students also examine the question of what the existence of psychopathy means for the rest of us. Offered during Interim. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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This course integrates on-campus classroom activities with service-learning placements in and around Northfield. Scholarly readings, classroom discussions, and assignments highlight the unique theoretical perspectives, skills, and methodological approaches that psychologists use to address social problems and community needs through research, practice, and policy. Students' on-site experiences and observations provide opportunities for the application of previous coursework as well as guided reflection and exploration of goals for personal and vocational development. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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This course investigates the human relationship with the natural world, examining ways in which the natural environment is important psychologically to human beings. Integrating aspects of theoretical and empirical psychology, environmental studies and literature, we explore meanings, values, and questions such as: How are we affected by nature? What affects people's attitudes and behaviors toward the environment? How do we respond to environmental challenges? How does the field of psychology address the natural world? Offered during Interim. Counts toward American studies major and environmental studies major (all emphases) and concentration. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125 or ENVST 137.


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Spiritual and religious experience and practices are human activities that can be investigated with psychological methods and theories. To do so faithfully, one must deal with the tension between scientifically understanding something and explaining it away. Students review the large multidisciplinary literature in this area. They also explore the religion/science tension by reporting on current news items and by participating in a chosen private spiritual practice (e.g. meditation) and systematically analyzing the experience. Offered periodically. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125 and BTS-B, or permission of the instructor.


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This course provides an introduction to the cultural and historical background of four groups in the United States: African Americans, Native Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans. Emphasis is on race relations and the distinguishing characteristics of these cultures as reflected in the academic disciplines of the creative and performing arts, the humanities, the social and behavioral sciences, and the general area of popular culture. Contributions to cultural pluralism are accentuated as well as the special issues of identity faced by these Americans. This course emphasizes literary texts with a family lens. Counts toward American studies and Latin American studies majors and Africa and the Americas, Family Studies, and Latin American studies concentrations.


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Analyzing continuity and change within the Lutheran tradition, students consider Luther's theology and proposals for the reform of Catholicism and evaluate major reappraisals of Lutheran beliefs and practices that developed in response to new issues and social situations. Topics include Orthodoxy and Pietism, conservative and liberal responses to the Enlightenment, modern European Lutheranism and issues of particular importance to Lutheranism in Scandinavia, America, and developing countries. Offered periodically during Interim. Counts toward German studies concentration. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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This course studies the historical, geographical, and cultural background of Judaism and Christianity, focusing on major biblical sites in the Holy Land. Through the intersection of textual study, archaeology, and history, students explore biblical events from the time of Israel's ancestors to Jesus and the early church in, for example, Jerusalem, Galilee, and Jordan. The course also examines the history of conflict among Jews, Christians, and Muslims over the meaning and possession of the land. Offered during Interim in alternate years. Counts toward ancient studies major. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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Approaching the world as a "global village," the course will focus on the development of the world as an interdependent entity, the relationship between the "developed" and "developing" world, alternative explanations for planned social change, and new institutions for this international world. Global challenges such as the information revolution, population, the status of women, and migration are analyzed to illustrate this interdependence. Offered annually in the fall or spring semester. Counts toward management studies concentration.


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This topics course explores a Spanish peninsular cultural, literary, and/or linguistic theme from a base in Spain through analysis and discussion of texts, guest lectures, excursions to appropriate cultural sites, field research, and related experiential activities. Sample topics include: Christians, Jews and Muslims in Spain, and Spain's Autonomous Communities, Spain's Multilingual and Multicultural Landscape. Taught in Spanish. Counts toward Latin American studies major. Prerequisite: SPAN 250.


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Students explore seven major challenges affecting the world's people including population, resource management, economic integration, information, technology, conflict/security, and governance with an emphasis on their relation to global citizenship and human rights. This course examines issues from social science and global problem-solving perspectives with particular attention to how culture and place affect human experience. Students engage in discussions, forums, a global village activity, and an action project. Offered periodically during Interim.


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Students study historical and contemporary realities of race, class, gender, health, welfare, and human rights in South Africa. This dynamic society provides unique opportunities to study the challenges and successes of inclusion, respect, restitution, and reconciliation in the post-Apartheid era. Students travel to three regions and meet with scholars, activists, and practitioners in a variety of settings. Special emphasis is on the situations of women, children, and families. Offered periodically during Interim. Counts toward Africa and the Americas and family studies concentrations and race and ethnic studies major and concentration. Prerequisite: one course in political science, sociology/anthropology, social work, economics, psychology, family studies, or women's and gender studies.


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This foundation-level studio course introduces the aesthetic, conceptual, and technical foundations of new media art-making. Students explore creative approaches to digital, time-based, and interactive art processes; examples include digital photo-montage, 3D printing, video art, and web-based art. Idea generation and development is central to the course, with an emphasis on experimentation and divergent thinking. Students engage in dynamic activity, spirited investigation,and thoughtful creative expression. Materials fee. Offered each semester. Also counts toward film studies and media studies concentrations.


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This course introduces students to the medium of graphic design as a method of enhanced communication. The course explores the design communication process including conceptualization, creative processes, terminology, and technology. Assignments introduce computer applications used in the graphic design profession as well as graphic design elements of typography, production, color theory, digital printing processes, and basic web design. Also counts toward management studies and media studies concentrations. Prerequisite: ART 104 or permission of the instructor.


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This course provides intensive exposure to career opportunities in architecture, painting, sculpture, printmaking, ceramics, photography, illustration, video, digital media, and design of all kinds (from toys to exhibitions at the Metropolitan Museum of Art). Working five to seven hours a day, students interview over 25 artist professionals during the month, visit more than 100 galleries and museums, and write extensively about artists and artwork. This course does not count toward the major in studio art or art history. Offered during Interim in alternate years. Counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: none, but completion of the following courses is highly recommended: ART 253 (preferred), ART 252, and ART 280.


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Since its invention, photography has shaped our ways of seeing, our social history, and our identities. Photography is also a compelling form of artistic expression. This course is an introduction to the history of photography from its origins to the present, including the role of photography in society and in the fine arts. Students learn the skills of formal visual analysis and critical thinking about the power of the photographic image in our lives. Offered periodically. Also counts toward media studies and film studies concentrations.


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Students pursue guided fieldwork experience in China and Japan. Activities and readings in this course build on the topics from from ASIAN 210 and three semesters of language study. Students continue to explore their understanding of Asia through ethnographic observation, interviews, and site visits. Students develop projects and follow a process of inquiry that will help them understand how ordinary people construct "Asian" culture and society today. Offered annually during Interim. Prerequisite: ASIAN 210.


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Human health is affected by the biological environment, a teeming world of parasites and diseases, and the physical environment -- the water, air, and landscapes that we inhabit. Human interactions with the environment have changed rapidly, as human populations grow, travel increases, and ecosystems are altered. This course touches upon traditional environmental topics such as air and water quality, and integrates newer public health challenges such as emerging diseases and food-borne illnesses. Counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: an introductory science course.


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This course explores contemporary biological issues related to health and the environment, with the goal of fostering informed citizens prepared for current biological debates. Students learn the relevant biological principles in lecture and lab followed by appropriate lab or field research. Specific topics vary from year to year and may include emerging diseases, cardiovascular health, genetics, specific groups of organisms, behavior, and environmental dynamics. Students attend lectures plus one two-hour laboratory per week. Offered periodically.


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A range of microscopic techniques including brightfield, darkfield, interference, fluorescence, and advanced techniques including laser confocal microscopy are covered in this course. In parallel to microscope training sessions, students learn the latest computer techniques for video image grabbing and analysis. Teams design investigative projects that make use of appropriate mircoscope and computer technologies. Offered during Interim. Prerequisite: BIO 227 or CH/BI 227.


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This course offers intensive field-biology experiences within three equatorial New World environments: the Amazon rainforest, the Andes cloud forests, and the Galapagos Islands. Students compare the rich biodiversity, the adaptations and natural history of species, and the influence of human impact on these areas. Preparation for class requires readings from texts and primary literature concerning ecological and environmental issues specific to each of these regions. Based in Quito, the three field expeditions alternate with home-based rest days allowing for reflective writing in journals, assimilation, and discussion. Offered during Interim. Prerequisite: BIO 150 or permission of instructor.


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From tiny ion channels to the basis for learning, neuroscience is a rapidly developing area. Using texts, reviews, and current literature, students examine in depth the fundamental unit of the nervous system, the neuron. The goals are to understand how neurons accomplish their unique functions: electrical signaling, synaptic transmission, and directed growth and remodeling. Counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisites: BIO 227 or CH/BI 227 and progress toward a major in any of the natural sciences.


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Specific topics announced prior to each term are based on student interests and available staff. Class work includes comprehensive review of literature on the specific topic. Class meetings present topics in discussion format. May be repeated if topic is different. Counts toward environmental studies major (all emphases) and concentration when taught with environmental science focus and approved by chair. Prerequisites: vary.


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In this course students gain an appreciation for the drug development process, including how natural products are isolated and utilized as starting points for drug development, how molecular structure relates to biological activity, and how research into the mechanism of disease leads to the targeted development of drugs. Offered alternate years during Interim. Prerequisite: CHEM 248.


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This course introduces students to the wild and wacky world of ancient Greek and Roman comedy. It traces the development of the genre with discussion of how the plays were produced in antiquity and what influence they wielded on the drama of later centuries. Students read works by Aristophanes, Menander, Plautus, and Terence and stage selected scenes. Offered periodically during Interim. Counts toward ancient studies, classics, Greek, and Latin majors.


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This course introduces students to the history and art of ancient Italy, focusing on the city of Rome and the Bay of Naples area. It covers more than 1000 years of civiliation, beginning with the Etruscans and ending with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The itinerary includes extended stays in Civitavecchia, Rome, and Pompeii. When not visiting museums and archaeological sites, students have the opportunity to experience modern Italian culture as well. Offered during Interim in alternate years. Counts toward ancient studies, classics, Greek, and Latin majors.


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An introduction to world dance traditions, this course examines dance forms, functions, contexts, and differing aesthetics found in selected cultures of Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, the South Pacific, and Latin America. The course includes lectures, discussion, video-viewing, and required field-trips to dance events, in addition to studio experiences where students learn dances from the cultures studied. No previous dance experience required. Ticket/transportation fee required. Offered alternate years.


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In this course, students examine how schools and communities in the Twin Cities interact to provide support and developmental opportunities for school-age children. Through lectures, readings, discussions, field trips, and in-school and co-curricular placements, students gain an understanding and awareness of how race, class, ethnicity, national origin, and gender shape the complex character of urban youth and schools. Students spend one week in orientation activities on campus and two weeks in the Twin Cities. During the time in the Twin Cities, St. Olaf students participate as tutors and classroom assistants during the school day and then assist in various after-school and community programs. The last week of Interim is spent back on campus discussing the experience. P/N only. Open to first-year students. Offered during Interim. Counts toward American studies and race and ethnic studies majors and educational studies and race and ethnic studies concentrations.


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Students examine the influence of race, class, and multiculturalism in American schools by participating as teachers' assistants and tutors in two distinctly different K-12 schools. Students discover the challenges and benefits associated with teaching in a diverse racial, cultural, and socio-economic environment. Through guest lectures, readings, field trips, and seminars, students learn about the truly unique geographic and cultural setting of the Hawaiian islands. This environment makes an excellent framework from which to examine race, ethnicity, power, and privilege in U.S. schools. Fulfills EDUC 382: Human Relations requirement. P/N only. Offered alternate Interims, even years. Counts toward American studies and race and ethnic studies majors and race and ethnic studies concentration. Prerequisite: EDUC 260 and EDUC 290, or EDUC 330.


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This program provides an opportunity for students to gain direct teaching experience by serving as an intern for a teacher in a Minneapolis/St. Paul public school. The Interim will heighten students' sensitivities to the complexities of multicultural, urban education and provide exposure to models used to foster educational and personal success in diverse student populations. On/off-campus orientation will be followed by four weeks of full-time work in a classroom with a host teacher and participation in weekly seminars with the college instructor. Reading assignments, journals, and guest speakers will complement the experience. Fulfills EDUC 382: Human Relations requirement. P/N only. Apply through Education Department by Oct.15. Offered during Interim. Counts toward American studies and race and ethnic studies majors and race and ethnic studies concentration. Prerequisites: EDUC 330 or permission of instructor.


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This course explores the everydayness of psychopathy in American culture. Emphasizing a psychoanalytic-Marxist methodology, the course analyzes how psychopathy gets normalized in various subcultures, inhibiting collective attempts at social justice. Areas to be explored include psychology, criminality, political economy, and the ethics of psychopathy. Texts and films/television series to be analyzed may include Dexter,Batman,The Talented Mr. Ripley, True Detective (season one), and American Psycho. Offered alternate years during Interim. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Rhetoric and composition are academic fields within English studies that take up the questions of how meaning is made and negotiated in a variety of historical, geographical, and media-based contexts. This advanced topics course provides students with a chance to build upon skills and knowledge from the 200-level rhetoric and composition courses. Topics could include presidential rhetoric, classical rhetoric, feminist rhetorics, and community literacy. Offered annually. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Students explore service to human beings as a profession, both vocation and avocation. Who needs help? Who helps? Where? How? What motivates people to help? Using the liberal arts as a foundation for helping people, students study opportunities in areas such as health care, social services, ministry, youth work, and the arts. The class includes lectures, discussions, speakers, and field visits; additional fee. Open only to first-year students. Offered occasionally during Interim.


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This course invites students to draw on narratives of Black families in the US. Students explore multidisciplinary theoretical constructs that address power, privilege, and identity in Black families. The concept of family is considered beyond biological kinship and across sexual orientation and class. Students engage multiple forms of narrative including, memoirs, fiction, poetry, art, and documentaries through a major assignment and small group exercises. Offered periodically during interim.


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This course introduces students to film and media production. The course rotates topics to accommodate various modes of production such as documentary, experimental, and narrative filmmaking. Students view and study film, learn the creative and technical skills associated with the course's focus, as well as participate in their own film and media productions. Offered annually. Prerequisites: FILM 101 or MEDIA 160 recommended.


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Students delve into advanced language work and on-the-spot investigation of French culture, past and present, including theater, film, visual arts, the French court, and the medieval cathedral through background readings and visits to important monuments. Students read, discuss, see, and critique plays ranging from the classical to the contemporary. Taught in French. Offered during Interim. Counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: One French 250-level course (two recommended).


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This course investigates the origins of the early U.S. republic through the life of its first Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. In addition to key events in Hamilton's life, it explores a wide range of topics including life in the British Caribbean, the American Revolution, and Hamilton's role in forging partisan politics. Utilizing newspapers, pamphlets, and other writings from the time, students gain a first-hand look at the issues that defined the era. The course culminates with reflections of Lin-Manuel Miranda's hit Broadway musical and its contemporary relevance. Offered periodically.


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This course examines the environmental history of Latin America from ancient times to the present. Through readings and discussion, students explore topics such as pre-conquest indigenous agriculture, the environmental consequences of European colonization, Latin American understandings of nature, the Green Revolution, deforestation, questions of international environmental justice, and the growing links between the region's indigenous peoples and international environmental organizations. Offered annually. Counts toward environmental studies major (all emphases) and concentration and Latin American studies major and concentration.


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Students explore the history and culture of Ghana and examine how people recall slavery and the implications of a constructed concept of slavery. Through primary sources and visits to historic sites, students examine how Africans view slavery; why descendants of slavers and the enslaved rarely discuss slavery; how to transform slave artifacts into storehouses of memory, silences, and fragmentations in history; and how descendants of slaves respond to the burden of such knowledge. Offered during Interim. Counts toward Africa and the Americas and race and ethnic studies concentrations.


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Health begins where we live, work and play. Students are immersed in public, private, and community-based organizations in Northfield (rural) and Minneapolis-St. Paul (urban) to gain an understanding of the social determinants of health (environmental conditions, resources and supports) and the relationship to individual health outcomes through service learning. A special emphasis is placed on the impact of socioeconomic status, geographic location, and disability on health disparities. Offered occasionally during Interim. Prerequisite: one course in sociology/anthropology, women's and gender studies, social work, family studies, economics, political science, environmental studies, or nursing.


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This interdisciplinary course explores the concepts, methods, and debates of digital humanities - using digital tools to explore humanities disciplines such as literature, history, and philosophy along with their broader engagements with arts, social sciences, and other fields. Topics are drawn from current cultural texts, critical theories, and networked environmental issues. Students learn through hands-on research projects that examine the social, cultural, and ethical contexts of digital scholarship as well as its applications and impacts. Offered during Interim.


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Students experience the dynamic arts and governance environment of Washington, D. C., meeting over 25 professionals in varied fields and visiting galleries, museums, theaters, music and dance presenters, arts and civic organizations. The course compares/contrasts expectations for a life in the arts with new options. Students embrace interdisciplinarity, collaborate, and discuss, write, and reflect on the arts and democracy. Students participate in a civic engagement project. Offered periodically during Interim. Counts toward art, art history, and dance majors. Prerequisites: at least one fine arts course or arts management course or permission of the instructor.


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A full immersion in the art of theater, students attend approximately 22 performances at London and Stratford theaters. The course includes the reading of play texts, dramatic criticism, group discussions, and backstage tours. England, a theatrical center of the English-speaking world, enables students to experience a wide variety of theatrical performances ranging from traditional to modern. Excursions to Stratford-upon-Avon, Stonehenge, Canterbury, and Oxford offer additional cultural perspectives. Offered annually during Interim. Counts toward English major.


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This course focuses on screen-based media, from television to movies, video games to the internet, from theoretical and critical perspectives. Primary emphasis is on the diverse ways screen media production, distribution, and consumption inform contemporary issues in the public sphere. In particular, the course examines media discourses on identity, agency, and privacy, and how media representations of race, class, and gender presently exist as both products and producers of contemporary cultures. Prerequisite: MEDIA 160 or permission of instructor.


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This practical course provides information needed for informed decision making in major areas of personal finance, including budgeting, basic tax planning, insurance, investments, major purchases and retirement planning. Offered during Interim. Does not count toward the finance or management area of emphasis, or the Management Studies concentration.


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Students learn basic techniques to analyze, manage, visualize, and model data. Instruction focuses on the analysis of "real," salient datasets in a computer-equipped classroom. In small groups students discuss, analyze, and solve case study-based problems. Class sessions include the Inquiry-Based Learning technique, which engages students in frequent presentations of their solutions to the class. Students use the R statistical software to perform statistical computing and data visualizations. Offered annually.


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Students study the musical history of hymnody and its relationship to the history of the church. In addition, this course explores the Biblical Psalms and their use in worship of the church and includes references to their musical settings in Gregorian chant, Anglican chant, responsorial settings, and choral music. Offered during Interim 2017-18 and alternate years.


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Students study how music can engage and advocate for those on the margins of society, inspiring social justice movements. Analyzing historical and current events, class members design a musical project that can empower a people, group or organization in addressing moral and social problems such as racial inequality, rural or urban violence, or prison reform. A Christian normative framework, along with religious and secular alternatives, help guide the ethics implications pertaining to this subject. Offered periodically during Interim. Prerequisite: BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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Recently there has been an explosion in Nordic literature translated into English, providing unprecedented access to contemporary literary texts produced in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland. In this course students read and analyze contemporary Nordic literary texts and examine those societies through a literary perspective. Sample topics: "Murder Nordic Style: Contemporary Crime Fiction" and "Gender and Nordic Society." Taught in English. Offered periodically.


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This seminar integrates the experience of work and the search for career in the context of Norway. Course content includes both an internship in Oslo and a reflection seminar. The reflection seminar connects academic theories/analyses of work and Norwegian culture with the internship experience. Through reading, writing, and discussion, this course provides a space in which to reflect on the challenges, hopes, and fears facing students embarking on their postgraduation careers. Counts toward Norwegian, history, environmental studies, political science, and exercise science majors; and educational studies, Nordic studies, and statistics concentrations. Offered alternate years during Interim. Prerequisite: completion of FOL in Norwegian.


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This course explores the sources, chemical composition, and metabolic behavior of nutrients. Nutritional requirements for a balanced diet are examined as well as the consequences of excesses and deficiencies. Students use nutrition tools and guidelines to make sound food choices, learn how to read food labels, and consider factors affecting food consumption. Class activities increase students' awareness of a healthy diet, help students evaluate nutrition behaviors, and facilitate a nutritionally sound lifestyle. Offered annually. This is an elective course.


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The course examines significant conservative social and political philosophies of the modern period. What do conservative philosophies want to "conserve" and how do answers to that question distinguish varieties of conservatism (e.g., traditional, libertarian)? What are strengths and weaknesses of conservatism? Students explore key conservative ideas of thinkers like Hume, Adam Smith, Burke, Hamilton, Madison, Tocqueville, Maistre, Newman, Spencer, Oakeshott, C. S. Lewis, Orwell, Kirk, Viereck, Niebuhr, Rand, Nozick, MacIntyre, Wojtyla, Ratzinger, Sowell, Sommers, Scruton. Offered annually.


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This course analyzes issues concerning race and social justice from the perspective of normative ethical frameworks and various theories of value. Students investigate, interpret, and critique both intellectual foundations and reasons for endorsement of the various approaches to study in grace and social justice. Students pay critical attention tohow the black intellectual tradition understands the meanings and moral implications of such ideas. Offered periodically. Counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration. Prerequisite: BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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Students study the moral theory of Immanuel Kant by reading his texts and understanding the expression of their ideas in literature and film. They also clarify Kant's moral theory through comparison of his theory to other moral theories, especially utilitarianism and virtue theory. The overall purpose of the course is to help students to understand and apply moral theories generally, and Kant's theory in particular, to moral situations. Offered periodically. Counts toward film studies and German studies concentrations. Prerequisite: completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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This course takes a holistic, process approach to design. Student teams identify human-centered needs, define problems, develop and prototype solutions, test, redesign, and present final recommendations. This hands-on course emphasizes the application of scientific principles, analysis, and design to real world problems. Students write throughout the course to develop and share ideas. Offered annually during Interim. Prerequisites: MATH 119 or MATH 120 and at least one of the following: PHYS 130, PHYS 124, CHEM 121, CHEM 125, CH/BI 125, BIO 125, PSYCH 125 or permission of instructor.


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This course explores children's socioemotional and self development in cultural context. Students examine larger theoretical frameworks and developmental patterns concerning socioemotional development, paying special attention to the various familial and cultural contexts that lead tothe creation of individual selves and cultural beings. Some of the questions the course explores include: How do children become emotional beings? How do cultural factors shape our sense of self and identity, our motivations, and interactions with others? Offered during Interim. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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From legalized marijuana, to the widespread use of antidepressants and antianxiety medications, to the ubiquitious presence of coffee shops, the "drug culture" affects nearly everyone in our society. This course introduces the world of psychopharmacology, with an emphasis on the basic neural mechanisms underlying the effects of drugs, including their portrayal in popular movies and music. By learning how drugs can affect the way neurons communicate, students become more thoughtful consumers. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125 or PSYCH 238 or any Level I Biology, Chemistry or Chemistry/Biology course. Offered periodically during Interim.


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This course examines the US-Mexico border (construed physically and abstractly) as a site of religious engagement, reflecting on analyses of the border as both a political construct and a racial one that shapes the idea of "American" identity. Students consider diverse religious views, including those who cross the border, those left behind, those who live near it, and those who fear and want to end its permeability. This course includes an ethnographic component. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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This course introduces students to Christian theology through examination of selected works of C.S. Lewis. The course considers both Lewis's explicitly theological writings and his fictional works as resources for theological reflection. Offered annually. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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Comparative theology is the study and interpretation of one religion in conversation with the texts, symbols, and practices of other religious traditions. It aims to discover new theological insights from another or from one's own tradition. This course explores the nature of comparative theology as a method of doing theology. Students read and assess seminal works of comparative theology from the traditions of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam. Counts toward religion major. Offered annually. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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This course studies the New Testament in light of its cultural, political, and religious contexts, with a special focus on the intersection of religion and empire. Utilizing the tools of postcolonial interpretation, it focuses on the question, "How did followers of Jesus live out their faith in the complex religious, political, social and economic contexts of the Roman Empire?" Visits to archaeological and cultural sites throughout Greece enable students to explore: 1) the relationship of politics, culture and religion in the Book of Acts, the Letters of Paul, and other writings of the New Testament and antiquity; and 2) the religious pluralism of the first century Roman world, including the Jewish and Hellenistic contexts with which the New Testament authors are engaged. The course also studies other significant developments in the early church of this region, provides encounters with the Greek Orthodox branch of Christianity, and explores biblical, cultural, and social relationships between Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Offered during Interim. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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This course examines the development of differing approaches to some aspect of Russian life and culture as presented in the classical texts of Russian literature. Actual topics vary according to year and instructor. Offered periodically.


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This class investigates death-related behavior from an American and cross-cultural perspective, seeking to understand patterns of social interaction surrounding and giving meaning to dying, death, and bereavement. Topics include: death meanings and anxiety, religion and death-related customs, the dying process, hospice as a social movement, biomedical issues, the funeral industry, death rituals, and the social understanding of the bereavement process. Offered periodically during Interim. Counts toward American studies major and family studies concentration.


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This course studies theater performance through the full-scale mounting of a production during the month of January, with public performances at the end of the January Interim or the beginning of spring semester. Students enroll in the class through either an acting audition or a production position interview held in late October or early November. No previous experience is necessary. Selected participants are notified prior to Interim registration. Details about the audition/interview are available by calling the Theater Department office, x3240 or online at the Theater Department website in "Student Resources > Auditions." Scripts are available by calling the Theater Department office, x3240. P/N only. Offered during Interim.


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Designed for the student with previous course work and production work in theater, this course studies theater performance through the full-scale mounting of a production during the month of January, with public performances at the end of the January Interim or the beginning of spring semester. Students enroll in the course through either an acting audition or a production position interview held in late October or early November. Selected participants are notified prior to Interim registration. Details about the audition/interview are available by calling the Theater Department Office, x3240 or online at the Theater Department website in "Student Resources > Auditions." Scripts are available by calling the Theater Department office, x3240. P/N only. Offered during Interim. Prerequisite: THEAT 133 or permission of instructor.


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This course examines the Beat movement in American literature and culture from its emergence in the 1950s to its various literary, musical, and social outgrowths in the 1960s and after. Students read works by Kerouac, Ginsberg, Ferlinghetti, Snyder, DiPrima, and others; trace connections between the literature and such topics as the Cold War and gay rights; and examine the influence of the Beats on popular music, visual art, and film. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: FYW.


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Organized around three current issues, this is an interdisciplinary course examining human-spatial interaction within Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The topics of study include, for example, global warming, potable water issues, and the Palestinian dilemma. The course is deliberative in nature with a focus on the development of critical thinking skills. Taught during summer session I.


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This course explores the history and evolution of rock music from rhythm and blues through the present. In addition to covering stylistic trends and significant artists, emphasis is placed on the analysis of rock styles and on the social contexts in which rock music has been and continues to be performed and received. No formal training in music is necessary. Offered periodically. Does not count toward B.A. music major or any B.M. music major.


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This course examines how race influences 20th century music. Students study a representative body of music from both popular and art music traditions, learn the basic elements of music and critical listening skills. Offered periodically during January term. Does not count toward B.A. music major or any B.M. music major.


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This course examines the ethical teachings of Jesus as found in the canonical Gospels (with special focus on the Sermon on the Mount), explores how these teachings have been understood at some major moments in Western history, and brings them to bear on the task of contemporary ethical reflection. Issues examined include, for example, non-violence, social and economic justice, sexuality, and ethnic conflict. Offered periodically.


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This class investigates death-related behavior from an American and cross-cultural perspective, seeking to understand patterns of social interaction surrounding and giving meaning to dying, death, and bereavement. Topics include: death meanings and anxiety, religion and death-related customs, the dying process, hospice as a social movement, biomedical issues, the funeral industry, death rituals, and the social understanding of the bereavement process. Offered periodically during January term.


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The dynamic, multidimensional character of American culture originates in the journeys and encounters of groups defined by race/ethnicity and factors such as gender, religion, sexual orientation, and social class. As they respond to opportunities, challenges, and conflicts, groups construct meaning and produce art and literature. Using the tools of social science and artistic and literary studies, students examine resulting changes and how institutions, ideas, and policies shape (and are shaped by) these processes. Offered annually in the fall semester. Prerequisites: AMCON 110 and AMCON 111.


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This foundation-level studio course introduces the aesthetic, conceptual, and technical foundations of new media artmaking. Students explore creative approaches to digital, time-based, and interactive art processes; examples include digital photomontage, 3D printing, video art, and web-based art. Idea generation and development is central to the course, with an emphasis on experimentation and divergent thinking. Students engage in dynamic activity, spirited investigation, and thoughtful creative expression. Offered each semester. Also counts toward film and media studies major and concentration. Materials fee.


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This course introduces students to photographic processes as a means for creating works of art. Students learn terminology and critical approaches to photography. The course includes presentations on concepts and photographers' works, discussions of articles, and regular critiques. Students are introduced to the history of the medium through presentations and readings. Students develop critical skills and the ability to analyze and interpret photographic work. Materials fee. Offered each semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration.


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This course introduces students to the ceramic processes of wheel throwing and hand building as means for creating works of art. Students learn terminology and critical approaches to ceramics. Students develop critical skills and the ability to analyze and interpret ceramic art work. The course emphasizes creative approaches to solving visual problems through ceramic work. Slide presentations on contemporary and historical ceramics provide background for assignments and highlight the role of ceramics in various cultural contexts. Materials fee. Offered each semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration.


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This course provides a strong foundation in the array of copper plate processes of etching, aquatint, lift ground, soft ground, and polymer plate printmaking processes as well as in painterly monoprinting techniques. Students address personal sources of ideas, experimentation, drawing skills, and compositional concerns and draw upon examples of master printmakers to discuss how images reflect culture. Critical thinking skills are necessary in discussion and critiques. Materials fee. Offered annually. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: ART 102.


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In this class, students will learn the basic technique of folding Origami paper and explore how the concepts of Origami can be applied in the creation of personal objects and in creative practice. Origami has enormous possibilities in many fields from fashion to aerospace. Class assignments expand the boundaries of Origami practice and provide students with an understanding of this important aspect of Japanese visual culture.


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This course is an introduction to modern and postmodern art and thought after World War II through a survey of painting, sculpture, and new-media arts. Students learn about celebrated art and artists, major values such as issues of identity informing their work, and ways of analyzing and making sense of newer art. Offered annually. Prerequisite: none, but at least one college art history or studio art course is recommended.


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Description: Explore the evolution of Japanese woodblock prints from their inception to current applications in contemporary art. How do we read woodblock prints? How do we understand the diversity of traditional subjects--from actors to courtesans to landscapes? How were these prints interpreted (and appropriated) by audiences outside of Japan? And how do prints influence popular culture? This course offers a deep dive into the dynamic history of one artistic medium.


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This course examines the art of Europe created between 1300 and 1650, a time when Europe's colonial and economic power in the world was growing. Through in-depth analysis of several case studies, the course considers the power that objects had to create and perpetuate concepts of race, gender, and colonial expansion in the period.


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See internships in the academic catalog: https://nextcatalog.stolaf.edu/academic-regulations-procedures/registration-course-enrollment/


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This course studies the Buddhist view of the human predicament and its solution. Students examine the life of the Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, and the historical and philosophical development of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism in East and Southeast Asia. Offered periodically. Counts toward Asian studies, Chinese, Japanese, and religion majors and Asian studies concentration.


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St. Olaf Orientation to Academics and Resources (SOAR) is a required course that provides tools and resources for student success at the college level. SOAR meets five Thursdays in the fall: Sept. 14, 28, Oct. 12, 26 and Nov 9.


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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that "the inherent dignity and ... the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family [are] the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world." Who speaks to human rights in East Asia? What ethical perspectives are voiced? Case studies presented through memoirs, films, reports, and multidisciplinary analyses provide the material for exploring diverse normative claims about individual rights in East Asia. Offered annually. This course is designed as a capstone experience for Asian Studies, Chinese and Japanese majors and Asian Studies concentrators. Other students need permission of instructor to enroll.


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Microbiology examines the morphology, composition, metabolism, and genetics of micro organisms with emphasis on bacteria and viruses. Students examine the dynamic impact of microbes on humans, the immune response, and the role of microbes in the environment. Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered annually. Also counts toward public health studies concentration. Prerequisites: BIO 143 or BIO 150, and one chemistry course.


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Students not only investigate the theory of modern analytical chemistry, but also examine the statistical treatment of errors, equilibrium, activities, acid/base chemistry, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and separations. The accompanying lab course, CHEM 256, illustrates the topics discussed in CHEM 255. Students taking this course use computers for solving problems. Offered each semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major (all emphases) and environmental studies and management studies concentrations. Prerequisites: CHEM 126 or CH/BI 126 or permission of the instructor, and concurrent registration in CHEM 256.


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Students enrolled in this lab course practice techniques of modern analytical chemistry using state-of-the-art instrumentation, including pH meters, liquid chromatographs, and a variety of spectrophotometers. Data acquisition via computer-interfaced instrumentation and electronic record-keeping is emphasized. Students practice and develop group skills by working in "companies" throughout the semester. Students attend one four-hour laboratory per week. P/N only. Offered each semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major (all emphases) and environmental studies and management studies concentrations. Prerequisite: concurrent registration in CHEM 255.


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This course provides continued practice in speaking, reading, and writing at the third-year level. Our text introduces students to Chinese geography and history and modern written style. Conducted entirely in Chinese. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward Asian studies major and management studies concentration. Prerequisite: CHIN 232 or placement.


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This advanced Chinese language course assists students in acquiring content knowledge and language skills in professional and business settings. Course materials include profession-related conversations, news articles, website blogs, and radio and TV news. Class activities include lectures, language drills, discussions, presentations, and group projects. Specialized knowledge in business and economics is not required to take this course. Taught in Chinese. Offered periodically. Also counts toward Asian studies major and concentration. Prerequisite: CHIN 302 or placement.


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This course takes students on an exciting journey back to the world of the ancient Greeks, a land of democracy and tyranny, comedy and tragedy, myth and mystery - and much more. Students explore ancient Greek society from an interdisciplinary perspective, analyzing its literature, art, and ideas in the light of their historical and cultural contexts. The course ranges far, both chronologically and geographically, from the palaces of the Bronze Age to the Library of Alexandria. Offered every other year. Also counts toward majors in Ancient Studies, Greek, and Latin.


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This course teaches introductory programming with a focus on handling data. Emphases include programming concepts and structures, writing computer code to solve quantitative problems, and the use of programming to analyze data. The primary tool is the Python programming language. Students work individually and in teams to apply basic principles and explore real-world datasets with a sustainability theme. Offered annually. Also counts toward statistics and mathematical biology concentrations; one of CSCI 121, CSCI 125, or CSCI 251 counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Prerequisite: calculus or permission of the instructor.


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This course explores computer hardware and how the code we write uses it, taught through in-class labs and daily assignments focusing on the Raspberry Pi single-board computer. Topics include an introduction to computer systems, C language programming, an overview of computer organization, the component-level design of computer hardware, forms of parallelism, machine-level implementation of programming language features, memory organization, digital logic, microprogrammed and RISC architectures, multi-core architectures, and assembly programming. Offered annually. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: CSCI 221 or permission of instructor.


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This course provides an introduction to the structure and creation of computer software, using the C++ programming language and emphasizing object-oriented programming and structured collaborative software-development methodology. Concepts and skills are applied in a substantial multi-week team project. Topics include object-oriented programming, specification, programmed memory management, indirect addressing, tools including UML, team software process, requirements analysis, software design strategies, and elementary ethical analysis of software systems. Offered each semester. Also counts toward mathematical biology and management studies concentrations; one of CSCI 121, CSCI 125, CSCI 251 counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Prerequisite: CSCI 221 or permission of instructor.


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The software we design has real effects in people's lives. This course explores the ethical and social considerations inherent in computer-based systems, develops skills in thinking about those considerations and in collecting data to determine their effects, and expands students' abilities to integrate these issues and skills into software development procedures, largely through an extensive team analysis of a "live" software project. Coursework uses extended case studies and surveys topics such as professional and ethical responsibilities, risk, liability, intellectual property, privacy, and computer crime. Offered annually. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: CSCI 251.


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The course begins with a survey of several popular programming languages, learning to write some code in each of them. We then consider important language features that have been used to describe entire categories of languages. Topics include programming language semantics, programming language translation, parsing, memory structures, abstraction mechanisms, and language translation systems and types. Also counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Prerequisites: CSCI 251 or permission of instructor.


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Artificial intelligence is an extremely broad field in which the overarching goal is the creation of an autonomous agent with human-level capabilities. Students study the fundamental algorithms and techniques used to create agents with varying degrees of autonomy and function, including search algorithms, first-order logic, Bayesian networks and simple neural networks. Students learn how to represent problems for specific techniques, and how to select the best technique for a given problem. Prerequisites: CSCI 251 and MATH 234, or permission of instructor.


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Recent projects, usually executed by individuals, but occasionally in small groups, and coordinated with ongoing undergraduate research projects, include cluster-assisted computer vision for robots, parallel computing in computer science education, and middleware for interdisciplinary web applications.


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Students explore dance genres that embody a strong rhythmic foundation. They experience rhythmic pattern as an organizing principle for the human body, an expressive capacity, and a social connector. Students investigate the cultural and social milieu from which dance genres emerge. Dance genres could include, hip hop, African, Asian, and Caribbean dance forms, tap dance, or jazz dance. May be repeated. P/N only. Offered each semester.


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Game theory is the formal study of the strategic interactions between individuals and between groups of individuals. Game theory has become a widely adopted tool of analysis in economics, business, law, politics, anthropology, sociology, and international relations. This course introduces students to the theoretical constructs of game theory and focuses on economic applications in the fields of labor economics, international trade, environmental economics, macroeconomics, and industrial organization. Offered annually. Prerequisite: one of ECON 110-121 or permission of instructor.


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This course applies standard microeconomic theory and concepts to understand the law and the legal system. There are two primary approaches to "Law and Economics." The first uses economics to understand how changes in legal rules affect human behavior. The second uses economics to explain the structure and variation of the legal rules themselves. This is an introductory course to the economics of law aimed at introducing students to both approaches. Offered annually. Prerequisite: one of ECON 110-121 or permission of the instructor.


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The health care sector in the U.S. is undergoing rapid change that affects patients, providers and payers. Managed care and managed competition are restructuring the delivery of health care services and reducing costs, while frustrating physicians and patients. The course examines the economic factors leading to the changes, current issues and controversies, and federal health policies. Students interested in nursing, medicine, and the sciences are encouraged to enroll. Offered annually. Also counts toward public health studies concentration. Prerequisites: one of ECON 110-121 or permission of instructor.


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Classic economics assumes that people make decisions rationally. Behavioral economics weakens that assumption, incorporating the findings of psychology into economic models. Students learn to apply behavioral economics theories to improve their understanding of business, marketing, public policy, and other domains of economics. Students utilize skills they have learned from microeconomic theory and statistics orally and in writing. Offered annually. Prerequisites: ECON 262 and one of ECON 260 or ECON 263 or STAT 272, or permission of instructor.


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Students examine how humans learn language as well as how they learn more than one language, as is the case for the vast majority of people. Students also explore the factors that enable or hinder language learning and whether bilinguals are smarter. These are just some of the fascinating issues addressed in the course that combines study of theory, fieldwork-based analysis of learner language, and pedagogical considerations, including a focus on both English and World Language learners. Offered annually in the fall semester. Required for ESL licensure and TEFL certificate. Also counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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In this course, students learn and practice principles of effective instruction and develop their own teaching style as they prepare to become full-time teachers. Topics include learning theory, teacher roles and responsibilities, planning, methods of instruction, assessment, and classroom management. Students apply skills in a required 20-hour field experience and concurrent enrollment in a lab section. Open to juniors and seniors. Offered each semester. Prerequisites: EDUC 295 and acceptance into the teacher education program.


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This course takes an interdisciplinary approach to studying Black Science Fiction. Students explore the Black Science Fiction tradition through the analysis of stories, music, films, social media, and gaming. The course examines how spirituality and science are intertwined, as well as how Black writers utilize the genre as a method for challenging inequality, promoting self-love, and reshaping the past, present, and future.


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This course offers a survey of key issues and developments in LGBTQ studies with a central emphasis on the co-constitution (the intersectionality) of sexuality, race, class, geographic location, and gender identities, and the contributions of writers of the African diaspora and the postcolonial world to queer-of-color thinking and being. Thus, while the class considers the ways that European thinkers have developed a dominant discursive context for thinking about sexuality and gender difference in the West and the academy, students learn to center the thinking of queer-of-color critics and the Global South as a site of critical knowledge making. The class explores what it means to challenge, disrupt, or complicate the conceits to universalism visible in what postcolonial and ethnic queer of color writers name "mainstream" queer theory.


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Two themes persist in early British literature: the role of fate (Old English wyrd) versus free will and the power of wonders--from the miraculous to the magical. These themes are traced in the Old English period in sermons, charms and riddles, biblical epics and Christian texts, and the heroic epic Beowulf. Readings from the Middle English period include lyric and ballad, romance from the Arthurian and non-Arthurian traditions, drama, allegory, mystical treatises, and Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Offered periodically. Also counts toward medieval studies major. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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This course explores the work of Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway is known for his involvement in big game hunting, deep sea fishing, world travel, bull fighting and boxing. His experiences inspired his writings, and students read several of his novels, short stories, poems, and articles. In addition to the above, the course examines the popular image of Hemingway and highlights two aspects that are not properly acknowledged: Hemingway as a global citizen and the role of Africa in his life and work.


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Students examine a range of plays by Shakespeare with particular attention to the material goods that appear in them as well as the material conditions of early modern performance and textual production. Students will investigate how objects matter in the plays: how they construct gender, class and racial identities, or create a sense of space, time and location. In addition to analysis of the play texts and some productions, assignments will include practical work with early recipes, artifacts, and rare books housed on campus and in the Twin Cities.


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In this course, students read nonfiction about the natural world, including memoirs, travelogues, field guides, and essays. Students examine the historical development of the idea of nature. Focus is also given to recent nature literature, which aims to preserve vanishing language for the environment and "re-enchant" the human appreciation for local nature. Students read about landscapes, animals, and plants from a wide variety of viewpoints, including indigenous, queer, and neurodivergent perspectives. As they discuss readings, students also work to deepen their own connection with local nature at St. Olaf.


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In this course, students investigate many forms of poetry, from the traditional (sonnet, villanelle, sestina) to the more recently invented (golden shovel, duplex, erasure). By studying canonical and contemporary poetry, students deepen their understanding of the relationship between form and content; by writing their own poems, students experience the ways in which formal constraints paradoxically produce freedom and surprise. At the end of the course, each student designs an original poetic form to share with the class, and then uses a classmate’s form to compose a new poem. Prerequisite: WRIT 120 or equivalent.


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This course explores depictions of the city and urban space in American literature and film. We examine the city in relation to modernity, industry, architecture, space, identity, and community. In doing so, we address representations of class, race and gender. Novels may include Edith Wharton's Age of Innocence, F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, John Dos Passos' The Manhattan Transfer, Raymond Chandler's The Big Sleep, James Baldwin's If Beale Street Could Talk, Paul Auster's City of Glass, and Jeffrey Eugenides' Middlesex. Films may include Fritz Lang's Metropolis, Mick Jackson's L.A. Story, Guy Maddin's My Winnipeg, Sophia Coppoloa's Lost in Translation, and Spike Lee's When the Levees Broke.


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This course analyzes environmental regulation in the United States with respect to its historical evolution, its ability to achieve environmental targets, its efficiency or cost-effectiveness, its distributional impact on jobs, people, and industries across the country, and its international ramifications. Offered annually. Also counts toward management studies concentration.


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Students examine American families through the life cycle in relation to personal and professional life, with the major emphasis on communication and commitment in interpersonal relationships. Students study courtship, marriage, adjustment to parenthood, and aging through engaging evidence-based research, case studies, and theoretical frameworks. They examine stressors that affect families such as family violence, divorce, grief and loss, and socioeconomic challenges. This course takes an interdisciplinary approach; students have opportunity for a broad range of individualized study. Offered each semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration.


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This course explores the varied dimensions of human sexuality as they affect and are affected by past and present human relationships. Sexual problems and issues are examined for the development of a value framework and for the enrichment of family life. The course emphasizes critical thinking skills applied to current issues in human sexuality (e.g. gay marriage, race and gender issues, sexual violence). Students examine issues in contemporary research and ethics in sexuality. Offered each semester. Also counts toward gender and sexuality studies major and concentration.


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As the world has become what Marshall McLuhan called a "global village," interconnected by powerful media systems, new challenges for democracy are emerging daily. How do we address the ways social media is both uniting and dividing us, empowering some communities while obliterating others? How do we regulate the rise of data-driven surveillance and the loss of privacy? How do we prepare for the role of artificial intelligence in the production and distribution of media, and its implications for democratic political processes? In this course we will look at the media's unequal and varied effects on the current and future status of democracy around the world today, and learn to produce short documentary media of our own. Counts toward Film and Media Studies major and concentration.


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Students engage in intensive practice in various types of writing in French (e.g., summary, extended description, narration, and professional correspondence). Literary and non-literary texts provide topics and models. The course involves discussion, writing, and revision, and stresses advanced grammar review. Taught in French. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: FREN 232 or FREN 235, or equivalent.


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Students study a particular genre or medium (e.g., novel, play, poetry, short story, film) from a variety of periods and authors, with particular emphasis on form. Coursework includes close reading, discussion, in-depth analysis, and interpretation of works. Recent topics: "Autobiography," Contemporary Francophone Film," and "The Algerian Novel," May be repeated if genre is different. Taught in French. Offered annually. Prerequisite: minimum of one 270-level course.


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Our identities are personal, cultural, multi-faceted and ever-evolving. How is our use of language an expression of those identities? How does language interact with the ways that we understand and make a place for ourselves in the world around us? In this course, we will read a variety of genres, observe discourse in action, and reflect on our own participation in campus conversations in order to develop a critical awareness of the ways that we speak and write, especially in a college context. This course is writing intensive and emphasizes critical thinking, conversation, collaboration, and academic habits for the liberal arts. Students will be encouraged to explore the course topics guided by their individual interests, with ample feedback from the instructor and from peers.


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To what extent do you create your identity? And how much do popular culture, technology, education, and social categories such as race, class, gender influence the ways that you view yourself and others, and how others view you? This seminar focuses on self and identity as we consider who we are individually and within groups and institutions. We begin by exploring theories and data about Generation Z -- the generation born between 1997 and 2012. We draw from comics, short essays, and your own research to understand questions about identity and to develop creative and researched projects that respond to those questions. This seminar is writing intensive and focuses intentionally on the writing process. You'll practice communicating ideas with compelling words and images to convey who you are today and the person you imagine becoming.


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How does contemporary culture--from popular music, social media, and sports, to education, politics, and religion--shape your sense of self and your understanding of others? In this seminar, we will use American culture to examine questions of identity and difference and the experiences that help us define ourselves as individuals and as members of various communities, including St. Olaf. A through line for the course will be those identity categories that tend to shape our lives in obvious and hidden ways: race, ethnicity, religion, class, age, gender, sexuality, and ability, among others. For example, we will discuss the racial and gender politics of hip-hop, browse the social media accounts of so-called influencers, and consider the relationship between college athletics and economics. This section is writing intensive, and we will focus on all aspects of the writing process. Your assignments will emphasize expressing opinion, analyzing media in various forms, researching how a political or social movement represents itself, and responding to the opinions of others. The final project will be a reflection--using words and images--on those influences that inform your identity and the person you imagine becoming.


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How can we learn to think more critically and communicate our ideas more effectively by developing our identities as writers? And in so doing, how can we develop our individual and civic identities as activists as well? Course texts and activities will theorize and question the extent to which social factors, such as race, class, gender, age, and ability, impact identity, and the ways in which those identities shape our perspectives, opinions, and actions. This section is writing intensive and focuses intentionally on the writing process. Projects emphasize expressing opinion, analyzing course texts, researching and analyzing how a movement or event presents itself, and responding to opinion. The final activity is to reflect, using words and images, on influences that inform your identity and the person you imagine becoming. We will talk about writing not just as a skill, but as a form of empowerment and agency.


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What does it mean to think scientifically about the human experience? How is scientific thinking a crucial part of being human? This seminar explores such questions through readings by natural scientists and social scientists, along with student conversations and projects. We will learn about: how humans think; the attractions of laboratory work; the difficulties of promoting health, treating illness, and encountering mortality; and the strange, diverse journeys of college students. We will encounter the beauty and messiness of science while exploring how scientists grapple with human complexity in these different domains. The course features two linked sections, with a mixture of joint and separate class sessions, and the opportunity to work with two professors from different departments.


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In today's data-driven world, we frequently hear about the "power" of data. However, it is crucial to take a closer look at the power dynamics inherent in data itself and delve into the concept of "data justice." This course aims to examine the role of data in our lives and critically analyze how data reflects and perpetuates societal power structures and biases. By uncovering these underlying dynamics, we can gain a better understanding of the systems of privilege and discrimination that are reinforced by data collection. Throughout the course, we will explore alternative perspectives on data, influenced by the principles of intersectional feminism, and actively work towards defining and expanding upon the principles of data justice. This course is NOT a mathematics or a statistics course, and no mathematical or statistical knowledge is assumed. All students are welcome! A key component of the course is a weekly data journal where students are required to collect and engage creatively in the presentation of data.


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In this discussion-based course, we will be exploring how power impacts interactions and realities that we see in political systems, pop culture, and even film. Using case studies and personal reflection, we will explore how constructs of power are used differently by different people, and the impact of privilege on power. We will unpack the differences in power for different gender identities, races, and other dimensions of identity, and will develop a strong personal understanding of how we can utilize our own power to pursue goals, lead teams, and make a positive impact on our world and society. To conclude the class, you will pick a film, documentary, or other media, and will analyze the power dynamics that you see.


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This course examines human responses to epidemic diseases in world history. Beginning with the pandemics of the Ancient world, students explore topics such as the 14th-century Black Death, "virgin soil" epidemics in the Americas, London's cholera outbreak of the 1850s, as well as more recent events, from the 1918 influenza pandemic to Covid-19. Students ponder the medical, social, political, and cultural impacts of disease through an exploration of diverse topics ranging from the discovery of microbes to the recent popularity of zombie movies.


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What does it mean to belong to a group, and how do ideas about individuality contribute to collective identity? Are groups just aggregates of their individual parts, or can the sum be greater? Is it possible for groups to have their own collective beliefs or responsibilities (distinct from those of their individual constituents)? Is group identity a choice or can you belong to a group without intending to do so? To what extent do group members have to agree on what their collective identity is? What kind of criteria are used for inclusion and exclusion and the maintenance of boundaries? Students in this seminar will reflect on and study different kinds of groups, including social cliques, musical groups, sports teams (and their fans), fortune 500 corporations, religious cults, nation-states, prairie ecosystems, and even college campuses.


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It's easy to fall into a political discussion with friends, family, and even strangers. It's perhaps just as easy to feel overwhelmed, angry, and out of one's comfort area. This course will help you develop and sharpen the skills required for disagreement, learning, and learn about learning. We'll discover political psychology, research high-quality sources, and critically evaluate what it means to talk about politics, and how we can all improve and grow from doing so--in our knowledge, empathy, and democratic citizenship.


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As the world has become a global village, interconnected by powerful media systems, new challenges for democracy are emerging daily. How do we address the ways social media is both uniting and dividing us, empowering some communities while obliterating others? How do we regulate the rise of data-driven surveillance and the loss of privacy? How do we prepare for the role of artificial intelligence in the production and distribution of media, and its implications for democratic political processes? In this course we will look at the media's unequal and varied effects on the current and future status of democracy and digital citizenship, and produce related media content of our own.


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How do relationships change as adolescents move into young adulthood and beyond? The time when families launch young adults and young adults develop their sense of individual identities is an exciting stage of family life, full of change and opportunity, tension and confusion. Students will reflect on their own experience and explore relationships in young adulthood with parent and grandparent figures, siblings, and romantic partners through scholarly articles, novels, media and music. Developmental processes and trends in relationships in a variety of cultural contexts, as well as reflection on narrative examples, will be included. Students will write several short essays as well as work together on a group project to demonstrate their learning.


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In this seminar we will explore effective learning techniques by addressing scientific studies, research-based lectures, and essays written by professionals in their fields. The course reinforces these techniques through group projects and collaborative discussions, reflective writings, brief journal entries, informational videos, and guest speakers. Highlighted topics of the course include passive vs. active learning, interleaving as a proven learning strategy, and effective goal-reaching tools. At the end of the term you will more fluently memorize information, give confident and focused presentations, and creative problem-solve. Mastering these techniques enriches our academic, professional, and personal lives.


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Chris Robinson, lead guitarist for the Black Crowes once stated, "Musicians playing together, it's like a conversation, and ideally I want our conversation to be really intriguing and interesting and beautiful." In this course, we will have intriguing, interesting, and beautiful conversations about the power of music and the role it plays in our lives. We will read about and explore the lives and artistry of famous musicians such as Bob Dylan, Bruce Springsteen and Prince, as well as their roles as agents of social change. Further, through journaling short essay writing, and the creation of a personal song playlist, we will reflect on our potential as future leaders and the roles that music may play in this development.


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Americans have long understood their diverse identities through stories. This course analyzes familiar and less familiar narratives that have formed and re-formed identity in the context of American culture. We explore autobiographical writing (like that of Benjamin Franklin and Gloria Anzaldúa), feature films (such as Good Will Hunting and Get Out), and historic sites and monuments (e.g., Jefferson’s Monticello and Confederate statues). Students examine these literary works, media, and cultural artifacts, paying attention to the forms and themes through which compelling American stories and histories are constructed. The seminar also stresses the development of speaking, listening, and collaboration skills, alongside a conventional emphasis on writing. Additionally, both course assignments and SOAR activities invite students to reflect on their own experience and learning


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This first-year seminar, guided by a biochemist and amateur foodie, seeks to gather curious, adventurous students through discussion and active engagement, into a community to explore our complex relationship with food. From the molecular level of how volatile organic compounds interact with the receptors of the olfactory epithelium, to the lived experiences we all bring to the table, this course serves as a mixing bowl where we each add and where we all can consume the richness created from the diverse ingredients bravely offered and willingly shared by first-semester college students.


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As they are today, conceptions of sex and gender were hotly debated in early modern Italy. In this seminar, students first explore ideas and debates that shape 21st-century understandings of sex and gender. Then, through an in-depth study of the Roman painter Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1656), students investigate how current understandings of sex and gender shape the study of women artists from the past. Also considered are the responses of contemporary artists (Gina Siciliano and Kehinde Wiley, among others) to Gentileschi's work. Course assignments teach students to engage in meaningful discussion on controversial topics, to visually analyze works of art, and to find and evaluate a variety of sources for individual research projects.


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In this course, we will collaborate and use a variety of methods to try to answer the question: Who is science for? Through readings, discussion, and community engagement, we will explore the natural world around us and consider issues like vaccine acceptance and climate change. We will ask: Why is there skepticism of science?, How do people start to think of themselves as scientists?, and What do we need to learn about our own community in this part of Minnesota to make science accessible and useful to more people? Moving from inquiry to action, we will use our learning to help us develop and curate materials to be used for science outreach at community gatherings and in schools. The course will culminate with a science outreach event in the community. This course has an Academic Civic Engagement Component: Students will have the opportunity to spend six Thursdays working and learning with youth in the community during and after class until 5pm. Alternative assignments may be given only under special circumstances (athletics or music conflicts).


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"Heritage" is a term with many meanings. It can relate to cultural and natural landmarks, to artifacts and their production, to languages and other cultural practices, and it is part of a collective identity, but also our individual identities. As an example in the US-context, think of the Statue of Liberty and its symbolic power of freedom and opportunity in the immigration history of this nation. Your own identification as an American may be quite different, depending on your own history and experiences. In this class, we will look at different shapes that "heritage" takes on and reflect on how "heritage" connects back to us. Through discussions of different texts and project work, we will collaboratively further our understanding of heritage and approach Ole Question 1: In what ways can I understand the world and my role in it?


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Students spend four weeks during January Term or summer in an individually selected German or Austrian workplace. Opportunities include work in health care, communications, and manufacturing as well as non-profit organizations, libraries, businesses, laboratories, offices, and churches. Assignment of position varies with availability in host institutions. Prerequisite: at least one 250-level course.


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Students spend four weeks during January Term or summer in the German or Austrian workplace. Opportunities include working in health care, communications, and manufacturing as well as non-profit organizations, libraries, businesses, laboratories, offices, and churches. Assignment of position varies with availability of host institutions. Prerequisite: at least one 270-level course.


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Third-semester Greek students translate selections from Plato's dialogues (Apology, Crito, Phaedo) while reviewing vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. Topics for class discussion include the life and death of Socrates and the significance of the dialogues as works of literature. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Prerequisite: GREEK 112 or equivalent.


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This interdisciplinary seminar introduces students to critical and cultural texts written by authors of color to name the complex politics of race, gender, and sexuality. Students develop intersectionality as an analytical tool with which to understand how systems of interlocking oppression have marginalized women and LGBTQ people of color. Readings emphasize literary and cultural representations as acts of resistance to racial gender violence, racial homophobia, policing and militarization, and global economic inequality. Offered annually. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and concentration.


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This 100-level seminar explores the nature of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements of the 20th century. Students will investigate the organizations, primary organizers, political figures, and competing theories that defined the era. Students will examine numerous primary source documents alongside secondary source historical accounts to construct arguments about the similarities, differences, and contradictions of the movements. At the end of the semester, students should be able to identify the contributions of several activists, organizations, and the movements to the broader Black Freedom Struggle and U.S. history.


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We’ve much to learn from the witches of the past. Not, of course, how to curse our enemies or brew love potions. Rather, witchcraft and magic are components of the supernatural that will help us understand cultures of the past (including the recent past), and the people who produced them. In this class we’ll learn about what the alleged witches thought of themselves, and how magic helped them (and those around them) understand their world. While magic and witchcraft have had some place in human societies for millenia (and still today!), those presumed to wield that power have been accepted or rejected to varying degrees. Accusations of witchcraft, moreover, have also historically been employed to rob others of power. Witchcraft and magic are implicated in social, economic, and political histories, and are heavily tied into the social construction of gender and the history of women. In this course we will investigate notions of witchcraft, magic and the supernatural in Europe from the medieval period to today, survey beliefs and practices around the globe, and dive deep in the 17th century witch trials in early modern England.


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Recent struggles for racial justice have reignited debates about how US history should be told. Do we have one cohesive history? Whose stories should we tell and why? Who gets to choose? This course explores these questions by analyzing recent attempts to create and present a national history, such as the 1619 Project, which foregrounds the introduction of slavery to North America and the 1776 Commission, which locates patriotism as an essential element of history education. At its core, this course asks students to consider what history is and the ways it often functions as a space of conflict for the present and the future.


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This course will examine historic minority populations and their encounters within the nation-building efforts of Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland. The course seeks to answer how the Nordic nation-states pursued the diaspora with an emphasis in what is considered the Nordic region today, and interactions with neighboring Russia up until World War II. With the historical political environment as our entry point, we will also examine social history--how communities lived and interacted, the beliefs and values they held, and how events in the world around them influenced their daily lives in both the short and long term.


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This course traces the political, economic, social, sexual, and familial experiences of two generations of women and girls in Germany from 1914 to 1948. We will focus on how gender, nation, and race operated as intersectional identities during each of four governments. Half of the course will be focused on the construction and radicalization of Nazi policies to create the "master race" while destroying the "undesirables" such as Jews, prostitutes, and people with disabilities during its colonization of Europe. This course comes with a serious trigger warning: We will discuss difficult topics such as extreme sexual violence and female perpetrators.


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How have Europeans understood Black Africans and Jews? This course explores intellectual, social, cultural, and political history of human differences and how concepts of race, ethnicity, and nation developed and evolved. Beginning with the arrival of Africans in Europe's lavish courts in the 16th century and moving to present-day antisemitism and Islamophobia, we examine sources from philosophers, abolitionists, enslaved people, anthropologists, politicians, migrants, and propagandists. This course comes with a trigger warning: offensive words and phrases and negative graphic depictions are part of course content and discussions as part of learning the historical context.


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This course introduces students to historical narratives of Asian Americans in U.S. history from colonial times into the twenty-first century. In exploring Chinese, Japanese, Korean, South and Southeast Asian immigrant journeys, we will consider how people from Asia became Asian American by negotiated integration, forming and struggling with community, experiencing and combating racialization and the "model minority" myth, and engaging in political activism. Topics include cultural perceptions, immigration restriction, World War II and the Vietnam War, and the development of the Asian American Movement.


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This course surveys the history of France since 1815 and considers, across the arc of five republics, two monarchies, two Napoleonic empires, and one authoritarian regime, what it means to be French. Organizing themes include the revolutionary tradition and the notion of republicanism, industrialization's impact on society, the transformation of France in response to two catastrophic world wars, and contemporary challenges such as austerity and immigration. Foreign Language Across the Curriculum (FLAC) course often available in French. Offered periodically. Also counts toward French major and management studies concentration.


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This seminar introduces students to the nature and development of Muslim societies in sub-Saharan Africa, from the earliest times to the present. Students also explore questions of authenticity and "historical truth" as they examine current debates on themes such as patterns of Islamization, "African Islam," and Islam in Africa. Other themes include the invention of Muslim identities, expansion of Sufism, women in Islam, Islamic education, Islam and colonialism, as well as revivalism in Islam. Offered annually. Also counts toward Africa and the African Diaspora concentration.


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This discussion-based course will assess the lived experiences and biographies of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals who lived in "Europe" (broadly conceived) between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries. In addition to exploring the major theoretical influences on the field of "queer history," including the work of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, and Jen Manion, this course will allow students to examine the development of LGBT communities in a broad range of national contexts, urban and rural sexual subcultures, and the related histories of regulation, medicalization, and categorization. Among the topics we will cover during the course of the semester will be the emergence of gay subcultures in London, Berlin, and Paris; the rise of sexology and the growth of "sexual science"; the history of transgender peoples; and the rise of the modern gay rights movement.


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The US is often referred to as a "nation of immigrants." But who does this idea include and who does it leave out? How is immigration history a part of our present? How do immigrants’ stories deepen our understanding about public attitudes and policies? Do all immigrants have the same ability to move through and beyond national borders? What impacts do immigration law, policy, and enforcement have on immigrants and the country as a whole? This course provides students an overview of U.S. immigration history and an introduction to scholarly methods, approaches, and debates that shape understandings of migration. We will consider histories of race and colonialism alongside insights from Native American, African American, Asian American, and Chican@ Studies.


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This 200-level seminar examines the role of gender, race, and class in the development of policing in the United States. Branching from its beginnings in chattel slavery to the present, this course is an overview of the carceral state and the impact of the prison industrial complex on marginalized communities. In this course, students will utilize a variety of sources, including film, primary documents, art, and more, to construct theories about the nature of the carceral system and what communities can do to shift its harm. By the end of the semester, students should be able to identify key events in the making of the carceral state and argue how the systems of racism, capitalism, and patriarchy influence policing and incarceration in the United States.


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From our location in Northfield, the Holocaust happened "over there" in Europe but this event reached all corners of the world (except for the penguins in Antarctica). How did the Nazis' policies of political and racial exclusion come to reality inside and outside of Germany? How did the world -- including the United States and Latin American countries -- respond? In this course, we will explore how the Nazis rose to power, transformed a bureaucracy with welfare state underpinnings, and revived Germany's glory of territorial conquest. Then we move to investigate the state-sponsored murder of millions of Jews and non-Jews by the Nazis and their many collaborators during the war in Europe. Meanwhile we will consider local treatment of Jewish refugees in Africa and Asia. Throughout the semester, we will study the individuals, institutions, historical events, and ideologies that allowed for the Holocaust to occur and remain in our collective memory.


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This course explores "the history of the body," a multidisciplinary field of research dedicated to exploring and historicizing how humans have conceptualized and imagined the body in sickness and in health. Scholars of this field seek to problematize modern assumptions and classificatory systems about the human body by asking questions inspired by anthropology, cultural history, decolonization studies and gender studies. Questions such as "When and why did scientists become interested in the classification of differences in human bodies?" and "How did midwives and folk healers understand health, birth, and sickness before the advent of modern means of seeing the internal body?" animate this seminar. Inspired by historians in this field, this course approaches the past as a foreign country, assuming that every time and place had its own internal logic and competing understandings of the body and its meanings. Other historical topics explored include the child's body, disabilities, mental health, beauty, body size, "dangerous" bodies, race, sexuality and colonialism and decolonization. Students will apply methodologies from the history of the body to produce their own research projects. Intended for juniors and seniors with some background in history. Counts toward History and GSS majors.


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This course provides an overview of the key issues that face arts administrators. Topics addressed include strategic planning, budgeting, fund raising, audience development, and human resource management as each relates to the unique setting of the arts. Case analysis and guest speakers provide opportunities to explore application of key concepts. Offered annually. Counts toward management studies and media studies concentrations.


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In consultation with their CIS advisor, students may register for this semester course, which can be graded or P/N. This optional course is generally used for research and other preparation for the work.


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This third-year-level course aims to increase the knowledge of Japanese people, language, and society by comparing with students' own cultures in their target language. Various authentic "texts" (images, video clips, written texts, etc.) support student learning. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward Asian studies major and Asian studies and management studies concentrations. Prerequisite: JAPAN 232 or equivalent.


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Third-semester Latin students translate large portions of two orations (First Catilinarian, Pro Caelio) by Cicero and selections from Catullus' poetry while reviewing vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. Topics for class discussion include life in late Republican Rome and the stylistic features of the literature. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward linguistic studies concentration. Prerequisite: LATIN 112 or equivalent.


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Lyric poems -- short, occasional pieces composed in various meters, often concerned with love and longing -- are the focus of this Latin course. Students translate the vivacious verse of Catullus, Horace, Tibullus, and Ovid and learn to recognize the features that make lyric a distinctive genre of Latin poetry. Offered periodically. Also counts toward ancient studies and medieval studies majors. Prerequisite: LATIN 231 or equivalent.


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This course introduces differential and integral calculus of functions of a single real variable, including trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Derivatives, integrals, and differential equations are explored graphically, symbolically, and numerically. Applications of these topics are emphasized throughout the course. Offered each semester and periodically during January Term. Prerequisite: mathematics placement


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This course beautifully illustrates the nature of mathematics as a blend of technique, theory, abstraction, and applications. The important problem of solving systems of linear equations leads to the study of matrix algebra, determinants, vector spaces, bases and dimension, linear transformations, and eigenvalues. Offered each semester and periodically during January Term. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: MATH 119, MATH 120 or CSCI 221.


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This course introduces differential equations and analytical, numerical, and graphical techniques for the analysis of their solutions. First- and second-order differential equations and linear systems are studied. Applications are selected from areas such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, and physics. Laplace transforms or nonlinear systems may be covered as time permits. Students use computers extensively to calculate and visualize results. Offered each semester. Also counts toward neuroscience, management studies, and mathematical biology concentrations. Prerequisite: MATH 126 or MATH 128 and MATH 220.


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In this course students use topics in discrete mathematics to engage in problem solving, abstract mathematical thinking, and logical reasoning. Students practice proof writing in multiple contexts, including: propositional and predicate logic; the foundations of set theory, functions, and relations; elementary number theory; arithmetic and geometric progressions; permutations, combinations, and basic probability; and graph theory. Offered each semester. Also counts toward computer science major and management studies concentration. May not be taken after MATH 244 or MATH 252, except with instructor permission. Prerequisite: CSCI 221, MATH 126 or MATH 128.


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Algebra is concerned with sets of objects and operations that satisfy a few basic properties. Using the properties we study axiomatic systems such as groups, rings, and fields, covering topics such as homomorphisms, cosets, quotient structures, polynomial rings,and finite fields. Emphasis is on theory and on developing the ability to write proofs. Offered each semester. Also counts toward computer science major. Prerequisite: MATH 220. Permission of instructor required for first-year students.


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This course introduces the mathematics of randomness. Topics include probabilities on discrete and continuous sample spaces, conditional probability and Bayes' Theorem, random variables, expectation and variance, distributions (including binomial, Poisson, geometric, normal, exponential, and gamma) and the Central Limit Theorem. Students use computers to explore these topics. Offered each semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: MATH 126 or MATH 128.


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In this continuation of MUSIC 161, students further develop their reading fluency and technical skill, and work with more advanced harmonic idioms. Class activities include harmonization and transposition, score reading, performance, by-ear playing, and improvisation. A grade of B- or higher satisfies Piano Proficiency Level 2 requirements. Offered annually in the spring semester. Concurrent registration in MUSIC 114 is strongly encouraged. Prerequisite: MUSIC 161, completion of Piano Proficiency Level 1, or audition placement


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Students learn basic performance practice on core instruments in each instrument family. Additional topics include: common performance issues and their possible solution; Best Practices in teaching and learning core instruments of the family; and technology for teaching, learning, or composing for instruments as appropriate. Offered annually in the fall semester. Course fee assessed. Prerequisite: declared music education or composition major or permission of the instructor.


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The music found in rehearsal folders plays a pivotal role in shaping the curricular focus of a school band or orchestra. This class helps students develop skills in assessing, selecting, and creating high-quality music literature appropriate for instructing instrumental ensembles in elementary and secondary schools. A comprehensive review of recommended published repertoire culminates in programming projects. Additionally, students acquire the technical craft and artistic sensibilities needed to create successful arrangements for instrumental ensembles. Counts toward BA music major and all BM majors. Required for BM music instrumental education majors. Offered alternate years in the fall semester. Prerequisite: MUSIC 114.


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Students study and practice principles for singing in French and German with good pronunciation, enunciation, and expression. Course content includes phonetic analysis using the International Phonetic Alphabet and identifying and exercising the phonemic features of French and German through class performances and listening assignments. Offered spring semester in alternate years. Prerequisite: MUSIC 263 and two semesters of voice lessons.


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This course introduces a systematic approach to the study of voice production for use in the studio or classroom. Students examine basic vocal anatomy and physiology approached through body mapping strategies. Students then apply these principles of vocal pedagogy to the child and adolescent voice with emphasis on the developing voice, establishing healthy vocal habits, appropriate teaching techniques, and literature. Counts towards BA music major and all BM majors. Required for BM vocal music education and BM vocal performance majors. Offered annually in fall semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: at least three semesters of MUSPF 152 (voice lessons) or permission of instructor.


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Working with a live instrumental or choral ensemble, students learn and conduct complete movements and/or entire works and encounter a variety of advanced baton techniques. Course activities develop skills in reading, preparing, interpreting and memorizing scores, with further focus on rehearsal procedures, performance practice, and concert programming. Participants are required to observe a variety of rehearsals on- and off-campus. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisites: MUSIC 252 or MUSIC 253.


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Students analyze the plays of Henrik Ibsen in English translation using a variety of critical approaches. Students investigate ethical issues and themes in Ibsen's plays by examining the plays through the lens of ethics, using readings in ethical theory to better understand both the ethical issues and the plays themselves. Students also study Ibsen's dramatic technique and the historical and literary context of his work. Taught in English. Offered annually. Also counts toward gender and sexuality studies major and concentration.


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Epidemiology is the science of applying information about populations with the goal of improving health. This course will focus on multiple epidemiological research strategies in scientific, social and ethical context. By examining the range of health problems and diseases affecting diverse cultures, races, and ethnic groups, students gain understanding of epidemiology as the science of public health. Offered periodically to all St Olaf students in the fall semester. Does not count toward the nursing major. Counts toward public health studies concentration. Prerequisites: NURS 150 and one of BIO 121, BIO 123, BIO 143, BIO 150, or CH/BI 227, and any statistics course.


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Public health nursing is informed by community needs and environmental factors focusing on health promotion and disease prevention. Through project management, students address the health needs of groups and communities utilizing group communication processes, teamwork, and collaboration. Students focus on utilizing community resources, identifying risk factors, and evaluating the impact on population health as related to current epidemiological trends. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisites: open to senior nursing majors only; NURS 314 with grade of C or above; concurrent enrollment in NURS 312 and NURS 315.


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Why do people disagree so deeply about public policies concerning gun control, healthcare, the environment, and abortion? Why are politics and public affairs more generally so controversial in the USA? This seminar emphasizes the historical, political, moral and religious underpinnings of our most important policy conversations and considers how to have successful disagreements about the things that really matter. Students will reflect not only on the meaning of this country's founding documents, but also what it means to be a critical thinker in the present, and what to do when one’s own ideals of freedom, equality, democracy, authority, and community are challenged or seem to be in tension.


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An introduction to Kierkegaard's work and to existentialism, this course emphasizes the aesthetic, ethical, and religious "stages on life's way." Existential questions concerning the meaning of human existence, passion and faith, freedom and choice, despair, and the absurd are examined. Offered annually. Also counts toward Nordic studies major and concentration.


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Formal systems of logic attempt to make principles of good reasoning explicit. This course introduces two such systems of logic: propositional and predicate calculus. Students learn to use formal techniques to analyze arguments and explore philosophical issues related to meta-theory, including consistency and completeness, the paradoxes of material implication, ontological commitment, and the interpretation of quantifiers. Offered annually. Also counts toward linguistic studies concentration.


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This course considers the relationships between moral principles, law, and the practice of governments. Topics may include the "Just War" debate, censorship, property rights and distributive justice, natural law, political liberalism and its critics, whether governments should act in accordance with specific moral principles or remain neutral, the tensions between individual rights and the good of the community, and the role of religion in public life. Offered annually. Also counts toward management studies concentration.


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An advanced introduction to moral philosophy emphasizing normative theories, the foundations of morality (metaethics), and moral reasoning. Normative theories (e.g. virtue ethics, deontological ethics, theological ethics, and utilitarianism) explore the nature of the good and the difference between right and wrong. Metaethics concerns the origins and objectivity of moral judgments, studying moral relativism, moral subjectivism, divine command theory, and ideal observer theories. Students explore moral reasoning in theory and practice using contemporary moral issues as examples. Offered periodically. Prerequisites: one course in philosophy or permission of the instructor.


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This course explores the diverse modes of inquiry in the discipline of political science. Broadly centered around the question, "How do you know?," students focus on different methods of locating and collecting data, reviewing political texts and contested concepts, and constructing theoretical explanations of political phenomena. Offered each semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major (social science emphasis) and management studies concentration. Prerequisite: one previous course in department. Non-majors may register with permission of instructor.


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Currents of nationalism, regionalism, and globalization organize political life around the world. What trends and policies promote regional integration? What forces frustrate integration? To answer these questions this course investigates security, economic, and cultural relations at the beginning of the 21st century within Asia and between Asia and Russia and the U.S. This course looks at the historical interaction of national, regional, and global forces for additional answers. Offered periodically. Also counts toward Asian studies, Chinese, and Japanese majors and Asian studies and international relations concentrations. Prerequisite: previous course in Asian studies or political science, or permission of instructor.


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The goal of this course is to expand students' knowledge of conflict, cooperation, trade, development, inequality, imperialism, and power in world politics. The course uses substantive examples to teach about issues and institutions in "world politics" and to examine appropriate mechanisms to understand and explain international phenomena. Also counts toward international relations and management studies concentrations.


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How do the peoples of Latin America participate politically? How do domestic politics interact with national and international economics? How do states treat challenges posed by migration and by desires for "modernization" and democracy in a context of authoritarian legacy and debt? Students examine how Latin American politics work, focusing on Mexico, parts of Central America, the Caribbean, the Andean Region, and the Southern Cone. Also counts toward Latin American studies major and Latin American studies and management studies concentrations.


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Seminars are special topics courses offered periodically by the department. The specific title of the seminar is listed in the Class and Lab Schedule when it is offered. May be repeated if topic is different. Prerequisites: PSCI 220 and one course in the subfield, or permission of instructor.


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Spiritual and religious experience and practices are human activities that can be investigated with psychological methods and theories. To do so faithfully, one must deal with the tension between scientifically understanding something and explaining it away. Students review the large multidisciplinary literature in this area. They also explore the religion/science tension by reporting on current news items and by participating in a chosen private spiritual practice (e.g. meditation) and systematically analyzing the experience. Offered periodically. Prerequisites: PSYCH 125.


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In this course, students will explore the processes of sensation (how our sensory epithelia change physical information from the environment into electrical impulses in our brains) and perception (how we utilize those electrical impulses to form a representation of the world giving rise to our subjective realities). Students participate in in class psychophysical, physiological, and perceptual activities on vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste in order to enhance their learning. Offered annually. Counts toward neuroscience concentration. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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How do psychologists characterize the most basic aspects of the learning process? While some emphasis is on analysis of the behavioral viewpoint (Pavlov, Skinner), students also examine the ways current investigators apply these basic principles to problems in other fields. These include behavioral therapy for a variety of psychological disturbances, research on the neurobiology of drug reward, and analysis of consumer behavior. Students engage in hands-on activities as a part of the class to enhance their learning. Offered annually. Also counts toward neuroscience, educational studies and management studies concentrations. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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Why are people prejudiced and how can we reduce prejudice? Why do people help others? What is self-esteem and how do we defend it? How does romantic attraction develop? What are emotions and how do they influence us? In this introduction to the ways people interact and think about each other, students design their own theories of social behavior. Offered annually. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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Students apply psychological facts and principles to the problems that permeate business and industry. Topics include organizational structure, personnel management, employee-supervisor relationships, job satisfaction and motivation, communication and leadership. Offered periodically. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: PSYCH 125.


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This seminar investigates "the good life," exploring what psychology can tell us about human flourishing and psychological well-being. Empirical evidence is examined to understand some of the best aspects of life, such as the function of positive emotions, the role of traits in well-being, sources of meaning and life satisfaction, and character strength and virtue. Personality and sociocultural factors are emphasized in this exploration of the positive potentials of human life. Offered periodically. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisites: PSYCH 230, plus PSYCH 244 or PSYCH 249.


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This course examines several major theoretical perspectives on psychotherapy. Students review empirically supported treatments for specific clinical disorders, as well as "nonspecific" factors that affect the therapeutic process. Students explore ethical and legal challenges related to psychotherapy delivery, as well as multicultural and other diversity issues. Course format is primarily discussion-based. Offered annually. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisites: junior or senior standing and PSYCH 230, plus PSYCH 244 or PSYCH 247.


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This course studies interactions between Jews and Muslims from their origins in antiquity to the present, focusing on the Ottoman Empire, North Africa, and Central Asia. Students examine the influence of Islam in Jewish theology, philosophy, and literature; the social and cultural significance of Jews in Islamic societies; and the impact of colonialism, nationalism, and religious politics on Jewish-Muslim relations. Finally, students explore the legacy and evolution of Muslim-Jewish relations today.


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How did the Bible become "the Bible"? This course introduces students to the dynamic social, literary, and intellectual development of scriptural traditions that emerge as the Hebrew Bible and its further development into ancient Jewish literature, Christian Scriptures, and Rabbinic Judaism. The course emphasizes Scripture as a vital, unfolding notion in human culture, with particular attention to the Ancient Israelite and Jewish communities that produced them. Students encounter academic practices in the study of religious texts.


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The Bible has been a catalyst for social transformation and a cudgel for repression, intersecting with racism, gender performance, sexuality, climate change, and religious violence. This course explores historical, literary, and ideological approaches to biblical interpretation, focused on how its messages and interpretations shape and are shaped by the worlds they inhabit. Sustained attention is given to readings of the Bible from historically marginalized communities (including Black, Latinx, Indigenous, Ecofeminist, Queer, and Jewish perspectives).


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This course offers an overview of the development of Christian thought and practice in the ancient, medieval and modern periods and analyzes the way Christian beliefs have evolved in response to changing historical situations. Special consideration is given to how different theological perspectives have influenced the activities of religious communities and lives of notable individuals. Offered periodically.


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This course introduces students to the theological interpretation of Genesis. Topics include history of the book's composition; its distinctive emphases and themes; the history of its interpretation and cultural influence, particularly on questions of human nature, sin, divine promise, and faith; and current issues (i.e., ecojustice, race, gender and sexuality, human identity and difference). Theoretical issues related to biblical authority and the role of the interpreter are also addressed. Offered periodically.


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In this course students investigate the relationship between historical and emergent environmental decline and Christianity's scriptures, claims, traditions, and practices. Students explore how variant ecotheological perspectives address the intersectional realities of gender, race, and socio-economic status when responding to a number of contemporary environmental issues and whether Christianity might aid in the envisaging of future solutions. Offered annually. Also counts toward environmental studies major and concentration.


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Students critically analyze the development of Christian thought from its beginnings to the 9th century. Special attention is placed on the theological controversies which led to the formation of the Christian community's central doctrines: God as Trinity, Jesus Christ as divine and human, salvation as divine action and human response. Students read from Irenaeus, Origen, Athanasius, Augustine, and others. Offered periodically. Also counts toward ancient studies and medieval studies majors.


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What does it mean to be free in America? How have understandings of freedom and unfreedom shaped political, intellectual, and religious life? Focused on the emergence of liberal ideology through Enlightenment thought, European and American revolutions, and the literary productions of figures and thinkers from DuBois, Dewey, and Addams to Abrams and Obama, this course focuses on the religious and historical processes framing how we presently perceive and think about un/freedom.


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This course facilitates oral and written use of the language through conversation and composition, English to Russian translation, selections from Russian literature, and original themes. Offered annually in the fall semester. Counts toward Russian area studies major for students not simultaneously working toward Russian language major; also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisite: RUSSN 232 or permission of instructor.


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This course explores a remarkable period of literary history: Russia's 19th century or the "golden age" of Russian literature. In rapid succession, Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Chekhov produced one masterpiece after another, dazzling Western audiences and shaping the modern mind. Beyond the arts, diverse fields - philosophy, theology, psychology, political science - have been influenced by the Russian classics. Topics include doubt, nihilism, despair, faith, God, death, and the meaning of life. Taught in English. Offered alternate years. Counts toward Russian area studies major; does not count toward Russian language major.


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With more than one billion overweight adults in the world today, obesity has become an epidemic. But fat is not straightforward, or universally damned. Body size, shape, and even fat as a concept are as much socially constructed as physically so. Using resources from anthropologists and sociologists working around the globe, as well as fat activists, body-positive icons, and everyday individuals, this course offers an unconventional and critical look at fat as a concept, a substance, and a lifestyle. Addressed from a global perspective we take on questions of size and masculinity in the NFL, sugar as a weapon of poverty, phat power, fat shaming, and more. Weaving in conversations on race, gender, and class as well as the many entanglements of economics, beauty, power, questions of traditionalism and modernity, prosperity, mobility, morality, and public health, this course challenges students to reconsider how the body -- how we live in and with it -- shapes our perceptions of the world around us.


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Students gain the skills necessary to conduct and critically evaluate quantitative research. Students learn the underlying theoretical assumptions and orientations of quantitative research, including research design, sampling techniques, strategies for data collection, and approaches to analysis. Students gain practice in data analysis by conducting are search project and using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), a standard in sociology. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major (social science emphasis) and management studies and public health studies concentrations. Prerequisite: STAT 110 or STAT 172; open to junior or senior sociology/anthropology majors only.


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Students examine the diverse elements that have shaped Latin American culture through an exploration of political, social, economic, religious, and artistic topics. They develop critical analysis skills through reading, discussion, and written and/or oral projects. The course features the study of selected literary and non-literary texts, including at least one substantive literary work. May be repeated if topic is different. Taught in Spanish. Offered periodically. Also counts toward Latin American studies major. Prerequisite: SPAN 250 or SPAN 251 or permission of the instructor.


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Students explore the processes involved in the acquisition of Spanish as a first and second language and the variation present in the language of both native and non-native speakers of Spanish from Spain, Latin America, and the U.S. Hispanic linguistics are studied with special attention paid to socio-cultural as well as structural aspects. The course includes the study of at least one substantive literary work. Taught in Spanish. Offered each semester. Also counts toward race and ethnic studies major and linguistic studies and race and ethnic studies concentrations. Prerequisite: SPAN 250 or SPAN 251.


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Students explore one or more periods, genres, or topics of Spanish literature from its beginnings to the 21st century. Selected literary works are analyzed within their socio-historical and cultural contexts and in reference to pertinent critical or theoretical issues. Sample topics include: Sin and the Church in Medieval Literature, The Stage as Political Propaganda in Imperial Spain, and Federico García Lorca: Voices of the Oppressed. May be repeated if topic is different. Taught in Spanish. Offered annually. Prerequisite: SPAN 275.


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This is an introductory course for the liberal arts. Students learn study design principles and develop statistical literacy and reasoning. They learn to describe distributions, assess if known distributions fit their data, estimate population values with confidence intervals, and assess statistical significance with hypothesis tests (e.g., chi-square, z-, and t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression). Not recommended for students who have completed a term of calculus. STAT 110, STAT 212, and ECON 260 all provide an introduction to statistics, and students should not take more than one; they all can serve as a prerequisite for further courses. Offered each semester. Also counts toward environment studies (social science emphasis) and kinesiology majors and public health studies concentration.


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A first course in statistical methods, this course addresses study design and its implications as well as exploratory and inferential techniques for analyzing and modeling data. Topics include exploratory graphics, descriptive techniques, randomization tests, statistical designs, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and simple/multiple regression. Offered each semester. Enrollment limited for seniors. STAT 110, STAT 172, and ECON 260 all provide an introduction to statistics and students should not take more than one; they all can serve as a prerequisite for further courses. Also counts toward environmental studies major (natural science and social science emphases), kinesiology major, and management studies, mathematical biology, and public health studies concentrations.


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This course takes a case-study approach to the fitting and assessment of statistical models with application to real data. Specific topics include multiple regression, model diagnostics, logistic regression, experimental design and ANOVA. The approach focuses on problem-solving tools, interpretation, model assumptions underlying analysis methods, and written statistical reports. Offered each semester. Also counts toward environmental studies major (natural science and social science emphases) and management studies, mathematical biology, neuroscience, and public health studies concentrations. Prerequisite: STAT 172, ECON 260 or equivalent preparation (STAT 110 and MSCS 264) or (AP Stat and MSCS 264), or permission of instructor.


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Humans relate to one another in diverse families, groups, organizations, and communities. Through traditional and alternative theoretical perspectives on human behavior, students apply prerequisite and advanced material from biology, sociology, psychology, and social work to assess situations encountered by social workers. Diverse examples are drawn from literature, social work research, and from students' autobiographies. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward management studies concentration. Prerequisites: SOAN 121, PSYCH 241, and BIO 123 or BIO 243; open to non-majors by permission of chair only.


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This studio course focuses on the fundamentals of stage direction. Students develop skills of play selection, audience analysis, text interpretation, working with actors, stage picturization and blocking, design considerations, and the process of casting and rehearsals. A primary focus is on developing a point of view about theater and directing by the study of other directors and theories of theater. Offered annually in the fall semester. Also counts toward management studies and musical theater concentrations. Prerequisites: THEAT 110 or THEAT 180, and THEAT 115 or THEAT 130 or THEAT 131, and THEAT 140.


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This theater lab involves the student in the conceptual and practical processes of artistic creation and performance production in theater. Students study current theory and practice as well as historical approaches to performance problems. Lab sessions include creative projects and practical problem-solving in assistant directing, acting, or dramaturgy as part of the St. Olaf theater season. P/N only. First-year students are encouraged to enroll. May be repeated. Registration is by audition or interview only. Offered each semester. Also counts toward musial theater concentration.


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What is a Stage Manager and what do they do? We will explore the function of the stage manager in theater and the performing arts, and develop the organizational and communication skills needed to succeed as a stage manager in a variety of settings. This course will be useful to students interested in stage management in theater, dance and music and other professional contexts.


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How did we get from Richard Nixon and DJ Kool Herc's break to Obama's playlists and Cardi B? This seminar uses hip-hop culture as a guide to the social, political, economic, and artistic changes that have taken place in the US since the early 1970s. We will focus on the historical circumstances and unique spaces out of which hip-hop has arisen as well as the culture's own conceptions of history, social life, and aesthetics, or what you might call its poetics of place. Our study of hip-hop culture will encourage us to think about writing as a process, a practice of daily attention and development. To this end, you will learn to write in diverse formats, from close listening exercises and album reviews to personal reflection papers and a research-driven essay. As a class, we will participate in a semester-long series of workshops that will invite you to generate and circulate drafts among your peers, respond to and provide feedback on the work of others, and revise your writing.


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What does it mean for art to be "good" or "bad?" For example, why does Instagram poetry raise questions about its validity as art? What about paintings that try to be ugly? What makes the film The Room "so bad it's good?" This seminar explores forms of "bad" and "ugly" art--specifically in poetry, visual art, and on the screen--that nevertheless attract attention and praise. Our reading, writing, and discussion aim to clarify the nature and the stakes of the most fundamental questions related to art, literature, and aesthetics. Does beauty have an essence that can be identified, qualified, and quantified independent of culture? Is there a connection between our sense of what is "beautiful" and our sense of what is "good" or "just" or "ethical"? We'll go beyond art to consider how our individual aesthetic tastes influence our friendships and relationships tastes? Students will read, view, watch, and write in order to learn about existing aesthetic theories and to develop their own. Major writing assignments will include a "letter of recommendation" for an object or text that you think is "beautiful" and a research project that examines an "ugly" work of art within the context of existing aesthetic theories.


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In her 2009 TEDTalk "The Danger of a Single Story," novelist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie states that we often learn about a topic from one point of view. While that one perspective isn't necessarily bad, it limits our understanding of the topic and, more importantly, of the world as well. In this seminar, we will analyze the idea of the "single story." We'll start by interrogating the single stories we're familiar with in our cultural contexts, academic experiences, and personal lives. Who creates these stories? Why do they do so? How do these narratives take root? We will then seek out works that challenge these master narratives by addressing the same topic from another angle: a different author's perspective, a different discipline's approach, or a different culture's beliefs, to name a few. As we dismantle the idea of a "single story," we will read many narratives, and write our own, and explore a complex, vibrant collection of stories.


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One foundation of a liberal arts education is learning to "read" or interpret one's own culture and the cultures of others. This seminar introduces students to the field of Cultural Studies through methods and techniques of interpreting cultural texts, from poems and popular songs to graphic novels, paintings, and films. Students will learn and practice multiple modes of textual and contextual analysis and consider relationships between cultural texts and identity, history, and ideology. This analysis will provide the basis for developing skills in a variety of types of college writing.


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Monarch butterflies, sea turtles, and wildebeest are some of nature's famous migrators, but humans migrate, too. Our own migrations take many different forms. These journeys can be geographical, chronological, over different time lengths, and taken individually or collectively. Migrations are also topically diverse; our opinions, identities, knowledge, relationships, priorities, and more may migrate over time. In this seminar, we will support each other in reading, discussing, and writing about a range of topics relevant to human migrations and their intersection with identities. Thought-provoking fiction and non-fiction readings will help us identify, reflect on, and write in various ways about our own migrations, as well as enrich our knowledge about different individuals' and groups' identities and journeys.


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Why does it seem harder than ever to distinguish the truth from what we think we know, or misinformation from what we want to believe? This seminar explores the history of media and misinformation through the Cold War era, a period of conflict between geopolitical rivals, but also an ongoing contest of ideology, belief, propaganda, and rumor. We will explore critical moments when governments, the press, and the culture industry have leveraged media and misinformation to inform, deceive, divide, or shape public opinion. Students will develop as writers by analyzing evidence and creating argumentative "op-eds" that grapple with big ideas and engage various audiences in some of our society's most pressing problems. We will find that the histories of misinformation and the Cold War are deeply entwined and crucial for understanding our own relationship to media, politics, and each other.


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Faced with climate change, it's normal to feel anxious. How do we address that anxiety? How do we find joy? What actions must we take to be good ancestors to future generations? This course invites students to answer these questions while getting to know (and become good stewards of) the local nature of St. Olaf College. Together, students engage in community-oriented environmental work while discussing media from diverse voices of the emerging Climate Renaissance. Discussion topics include indigenous ecological knowledge, the search for a climate anthem, feral animals, the carbon footprint myth, and the quest to design the lawn of the future. Through these encounters, students practice essential college research and writing skills while dispelling myths that make both writing and environmental action difficult. Ultimately, participants work together to find words and ideas to live responsibly in community with each other and the more-than-human world. No prior environmental knowledge is required.


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This seminar will introduce students to what Asia has been in the past and how Asia came to be in the present, focusing on material histories. We will critically examine the circulation of objects, art, ideas, and people across borders and bodies of water. We will trace the circuitry and paths of various artifacts to explore the implications of exploration, global movement, and material flows. The seminar aims to help students interrogate their assumptions about Asia to develop a broad foundation for future study of or travel to the continent. To develop as writers, students will write in multiple genres and engage in writing as a systematic, interactive process for different purposes and audiences.


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Board games, card games, and video games express systems. When we play games, we explore how these systems work and what they might mean in our daily lives. In this class we will practice reading games and academic texts carefully, create games and write academic papers, and explore how to revise to improve both. In our final unit, we will closely examine struggles faced by students at St. Olaf in order to explore how games might even make our lives better. Ultimately, we will discover how games can teach us to write more effectively and how writing papers can help us create better games.


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How do we know what's ethical in a medical setting, and how can we explore those ethics through literature? Going a step further: how can reading and writing lead us to deeper insights about the nature of health itself, including the health of an individual, a group, or even a society? And how do processes of research and reflection inform the daily choices of readers, writers, and medical practitioners? As we explore a range of genres in this course, from memoir and drama to journalism and a documentary film, we'll ask how literature and medicine can interact to teach us about observing details, setting priorities, and listening in ethical ways. By working on three sequenced portfolio collections of writing during the semester, each student will first hone their own authorial voice, before learning to engage with one other writer on a key medical debate, and finally hosting a research conversation between multiple cited sources.


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What are the roots of inequality, in America and across the globe? In Caste, her provocative critique of race in American society, Isabel Wilkerson uses multiple stories and personal experience to argue that caste is a code buried beneath the surface of race relations in the U.S. That code uses notions of heredity, group purity, stigma, and enforcement through terror in ways similar to the Hindu caste system's suppression of the Dalits (the Untouchables) and Nazi Germany's scapegoating of the Jews. Does this explanation of social superiority and inferiority hold up against theories of economic competition and the nature of prejudice? Readings include Wilkerson's Caste, Marcus Zusak's The Book Thief, and either Aravind Adiga's The White Tiger or John Okada's No-No Boy. This seminar requires of students an openness to honest conversation and passion for reading.


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Are you always on the clock? Is time money? What should time management really mean? How we keep and tell time is something we often take for granted and yet humankind's understanding and categorization of this universal force has been an evolving reflection of our relationship with culture, the arts, technology, and our own intersectional identities. In this seminar, we'll explore several avenues related to time including the roots of "being on time" tied to the advent of America's railway system, the vinyl record and CD shaping the nature and length of music, social media's influence on how we "pass the time", the role of smart and analog timekeeping devices, and how time has irrevocably evolved for many during the Covid pandemic. Major assignments will include personal narratives and reflective journals, a commercial/media rhetorical analysis, a creative project, and a major research essay.


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Evolutionary biologist Mark Pagel has called it "the most powerful, dangerous and subversive trait that natural selection has ever devised." Language--spoken, signed, and written--may be our most important tool for influencing others and constructing ourselves. This seminar is designed for students interested in the phenomenon of human language: its mutability, its persuasive power, and its roles in social and cultural identities. Questions we may address include: what's in a name? why do we lie? what words convey apology? how does language matter in our campus community? Readings in non-fiction and drama support class discussions of those questions and also model different writing "moves." During our study of language in drama, the class will also attend a production of the play we are studying. Students synthesize reading and viewing assignments, discussion, personal experience, and the results of their inquisitive research to write in several modes and genres. The writing process for these assignments integrates substantial time for workshops of drafts and students' reflections on their own rhetorical practices and development.


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This seminar explores the use of writing as a way of engendering the body and its multiple identities: that is, the body as a sex, raced, queer, and non-normative matter. We will practice close reading through class discussions, personal essays, reflections, and short audio-visual responses while engaging in a relational examination of how contemporary memoirs, essays, short fictions, and other narratives show what it means to have a body, what it means to have a disfigured, dying, or diseased body, and how these different conditions are formally and thematically represented across genres and media. It centers how writers narrate embodied experiences, craft alternative spaces of kinship and belonging, love and acceptance, against crushing normative social values. To develop as writers, students will be expected to engage in close reading, to write critically, and to develop their skills by engaging in regular peer review of each other's writing (understanding writing as a process that improves through collaboration), and finally by composing a final paper or creative project on a course theme that inspires you. We'll read writing by Lucy Grealy, Jamaica Kincaid, James Baldwin, and Gloria Anzaldúa. This seminar is ideal for students interested in feminism, queer and queer-of-color thinking, and comparative race studies.


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This interdisciplinary, topics-based course explores contemporary issues in science with emphasis on developing students' understanding of scientific and quantitiative approaches to problem solving. Specific topics, ranging from environmental chemistry and public health to biomechanics and genetics, vary from year to year. Students attend nine hours of lectures or small group discussion sections, two to three hours of quantitative workshops,and four hours of laboratory per week. The course is taught with WRIT 109. Offered annually during the summer. Does not count toward any major. Prerequisite: acceptance into the Summer Bridge Program.


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This course explores the history and evolution of rock music from rhythm and blues through the present. In addition to covering stylistic trends and significant artists, emphasis is placed on theanalysis of rock styles and on the social contexts in which rock music has been and continues to be performed and received. No formal training in music is necessary. Offered during summer. Does not count toward B.A. music major or any B.M. music major.


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The death of God refers to both the absence of God in a post-Christian culture and the death of Jesus on the cross. These two meanings have a significance for the religious and non-religious alike. Students evaluate the challenges that the death of God has for the concept of God, the meaning and purpose of Jesus, religious belief, reason, and the secular by reading classical and contemporary theological work on the death of Jesus and the death of God. Offered periodically. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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This course offers an intensive study of African-American religious thought with particular emphasis on the 20th century. Structured thematically, the course covers: African religious roots; religious thought with particular emphasis on ideas of suffering, redemption, salvation, and liberation; the relation between Christianity and other religious traditions; and Afrocentrism and Black Nationalism as interpretive and critical lenses of African-American religious experience. Prerequisite: BTS-B.


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This course introduces students to the ceramic processes of wheel throwing and hand building as means for creating works of art. Students learn terminology and critical approaches to ceramics. Students develop critical skills and the ability to analyze and interpret ceramic art work. Class emphasizes creative approaches to solving visual problems through ceramic work. Slide presentations on contemporary and historical ceramics provide background for assignments and highlight the role of ceramics in various cultural contexts. Materials fee. Offered each semester. Counts toward biomedical studies concentration.


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This course considers the evolution of Japanese science fiction from the 1920s to the present. Genres covered include the short story, short short story, novel, manga, anime, and film--in English translation. The course emphasizes close readings of primary literary texts and analysis of the historical contexts that prompt Japan's science fictional musings. Students explore Japanese science fiction in a global perspective and examine Japanese works alongside works from other pertinent national traditions. Offered alternate years, in Interim or spring.


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This core course explores major principles of cellular and molecular biology and it or the Chemistry/Biology 125-127 series is a prerequisite for all level II biology courses. Emphases include the structural and chemical composition of cells, crucial metabolic pathways, fundamentals of cell division, basic genetics, and the scientific method. Materials integrate concepts with problem-solving. Students are introduced to state-of-the-art library search technologies and scientific writing. Students attend lectures plus one 2.5-hour laboratory per week. Offered annually in the fall semester and during Interim. Counts towards exercise science major.


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Water is a beautifully simple molecule that is essential to survival (precious). Rivers have run dry, aquifers are overdrawn, and pollution is widespread (precarious). Much of the world lacks access to safe drinking water or water for basic sanitation, and water wars have been predicted (problematic). Students examine water from a scientific perspective - chemical, physiological, ecological - and delve into the political, economic, and societal implications of water. Offered occasionally during Interim.


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This study of chemical stoichiometry, equilibrium, acid-base chemistry, coordination chemistry, and atomic and molecular structure supplies the fundamental background on which all later chemistry courses depend. It includes applications of equilibrium principles to acid-base chemistry. Students attend three classes and one three-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisites: high school chemistry and physics. Students planning to continue in chemistry should consider concurrent registration in Mathematics 120. Placement via online placement exam is required. The course cannot be taken in conjunction with or after credit in Chemistry 121. Offered annually in the fall semester.


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Students encounter literature from former British colonies and from other countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Primary attention is given to literatures in English, but the readings may include some translations. The course examines diverse cultural expressions and the historical and cultural contexts of the works read, including the relationship between oral and written literature and between indigenous and foreign elements. Prerequisite: FYW. Counts towards Africa & the Americas concentration.


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This course examines relations between conceptions of "nature" and political issues of power, justice, liberty, and equality; and it explores theoretical foundations from which ecologically grounded institutions, policies, and political understandings arise. The course attends to issues currently being addressed by international green political theorists, including "ecological citizenship" and "green democracy." Offered alternate years.


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Students continue to explore life in German-speaking countries, using cultural readings, films, and other authentic materials to develop vocabulary and composition skills. Drafting short reports enables students to practice writing skills for paragraph-length discourse. Selected grammar topics are reviewed as needed. Open to first-year students. Taught in German. May be counted toward the German major or German studies concentration. Prerequisite: German 231 or placement by test.


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Students read Pauline letters carefully for their major issues, such as apocalyptic, gospel, apostleship, Jew and Gentile, faith, Torah, community. Considering Paul in the context of his times and Paul in the context of later Christianity, students discuss topics such as Jews and Christians, men and women, creation, grace in Paul and present-day experience. Prerequisite: BTS-B. Counts towards ancient studies major.


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This course examines the ethical teachings of Jesus as found in the canonical Gospels (with special focus on the Sermon on the Mount), explores how these teachings have been understood at some major moments in Western history, and brings them to bear on the task of contemporary ethical reflection. Issues examined include, for example, non-violence, social and economic justice, sexuality, and ethnic conflict. Prerequisites: completion of BTS-T or permission of instructor.


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This course focuses on the theories, political goals, strategies, and activities of the emerging trends of Islamic feminisms. After mapping the landscape of this movement and identifying its different manifestations, students investigate Islamic feminists' readings and interpretations of the Quran, Hadith, and Islamic history. The course examines methods Islamic feminists use in interpreting and reinterpreting such sources, politics and strategies they employ, and the impact of their work on Muslim women's lives worldwide. Offered during Interim. Counts toward women's and gender studies major and concentration.


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Students explore the continuing significance of color, class, and immigration in the U.S., with a focus on the experiences and concerns of African-Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and Asian-Americans. The course examines the nature and functions of prejudice; the relationship among race, class and gender; the persistence of racism and inequality; and social policies and social movements intended to create greater social justice. Offered annually in the fall or spring semester. Counts towards American studies, ARMS and Hispanic studies majors and ARMS, Africa and the Americas, and Latin American/Latino studies concentrations.


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An investigation into the relationship between theater and society through study of various issues in theater arts including censorship, funding, arts advocacy and arts education. Issues of contemporary ethical concern will be discussed and analyzed through a variety of historical and contemporary normative perspectives. Prerequisite: Theater 110 or 180; BTS-T. Offered fall 2012-13. Please inquire in the Theater Department office (x3240) about schedule of offering for future academic years.


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Spanning two centuries, from the founding of the colonies to the close of the Civil War, this course begins our discussion of questions central to the entire sequence: What is an American? What does it mean to be free? Students explore the institutions, images and stories of Euro-Americans, African Americans and Native Americans.Topics and texts include the Declaration of Independence and Thomas Jefferson's architecture, the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and the coming of the Civil War.


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Burgeoning cities and industrialism, an emerging market economy, changing opportunities for women, an influx of immigrants and the migration of African Americans to urban centers -- all opened questions of freedom of expression, distribution of resources and American identity. Topics and texts include the Statue of Liberty, the World's Columbian Exposition, the Model T Ford and the Harlem Renaissance.


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This analysis of modern American society introduces theories and methods of culture studies, beginning with anthropological definitions of culture and including perspectives of sociology, political science, history, art history and English. Students examine the moral ecology of everyday life in America, looking at the cultural meanings of work, clothes, food, family, gender, buildings, bodies, television, advertising and education.


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This course provides an introduction to the cultural and historical background of four groups in America: African Americans, Native Americans, Latinos and Asian Americans. Emphasis is on race relations and the distinguishing characteristics of these cultures as reflected in the academic disciplines of the creative and performing arts, the humanities, the social and behavioral sciences and the general area of popular culture. Contributions to cultural pluralism are accentuated as well as the special issues of identity faced by these Americans.


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Students apply interdisciplinary theories and methods to selected topics in American racial and multicultural studies. The course employs a discussion format, focusing on critical reading and analytical essays.


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This course provides a strong visual foundation in fundamental drawing skills. Students explore elements of line, space, texture and value, as well as their dynamics in composition. Projects emphasize translating observed three-dimensional subjects onto two-dimensional surfaces. In addition, students are introduced to the aesthetics of drawing and drawing as a means of self-expression through the study of old and contemporary masters. Lab fee.


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Emphasizing concepts and ideas and using drawing as a means of expression, this studio course for majors and non-majors delves into the dynamics of composition and design principles through the use of a variety of techniques and media. It couples drawing assignments with viewing and discussing contemporary and old masterpieces to broaden appreciation and understanding of drawing as a method of visual communication. Lab fee.


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Within an art historical context, this course explores an appreciation of color and the interaction of color as it affects one's daily life. Problems are developed to foster investigation and experimentation into the formal properties of color theory and expand creativity in the painter's approach to composition and expressive content. Materials fee.


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This beginning studio course in sculpture introduces the basic aesthetic, conceptual and technical fundamentals of three-dimensional art-making and design. Students learn how to operate tools safely and efficiently, how to construct things with wood and other materials and how to describe and discuss sculpture and other objects and spaces. The course uses hands-on instruction, readings, slide talks, field trips and discussion. Lab fee.


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This course introduces students to black and white photography and to fundamental elements in visual art, as well as to the aesthetics and history of photography and the role of photography in modern culture. Students learn camera operation, black and white film processing, printing and print presentation. Students must provide their own 35 mm camera. With the exception of art majors, credit not allowed also for Physics 120. Lab fee.


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In this introductory course that employs handbuilding techniques, the primary emphasis of the class is the student's imaginative approach in solving visual problems. Students are introduced to historical/contemporary approaches to clay. Included in the course are clay mixing, kiln loading, various firing procedures and glaze and surface embellishment. Lab fee.


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This course provides the technical and conceptual foundations for use of digital media for artistic expression. The course will focus on the interaction of the conceptual and the technical through readings, lecture and assignments that address fundamental issues of digital arts: digital reproduction and representation, intermedia and interface. Students will acquire basic technical skills and apply them in the development of digital art projects that span four realms: raster graphics, vector graphics, 3D graphics and web page construction. This course will prepare students for advanced art courses in the curriculum: Motion Graphics, Computer-Based Imagery and Video Art Production.


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In this accelerated course in design and drawing, students explore the art elements and their dynamics in composition and experiment with a wide range of media and techniques. Students sharpen their skills in rendering and develop ways to use drawing to convey personal meaning and ideas. Students also study and discuss the technique, content and the context of works by contemporary artists and old masters. This course meets the requirements of 1/2 of the requirements of the foundation program; two additional foundation courses must be taken, one of which must be in three-dimensional studies. Admission to this course is by portfolio review only. Materials fee. Offered Semester I only.


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This course introduces students to the possibilities of artistic expression in clay. Stoneware clay is used to create three-dimensional hand-built and wheel-thrown forms. The course investigates sculptural and functional forms as well as glazing and firing procedures, emphasizing sensitivity to clay medium, color, and three dimensional design. Historical and contemporary approaches to clay are considered. Materials fee.


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This course develops and stimulates research into the emotional/expressive properties of art-making in the painting media. By investigating thematic compositional and technical problems, students develop a personalized approach to ideas and content. Students learn the importance of process, need for flexibility, how to seek alternatives and how to recognize that a painting has a life of its own. Prerequisites: Art 111 and 112 (or 120), and 113 . Materials fee. Offered annually.


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This sculpture course introduces lost wax bronze casting, an art and industrial process that changed the course of human civilization. Students learn to cast, finish and preset cast metal work, building upon concepts from the foundation course and exploring the next level of sculpture topics, issues and concern. Te course makes use of hands-on instruction, readings, slide talks and discussion. Lab fee. Prerequisite: Art 114 (Mandatory); Art 111, 112, 113, 116(recommended). Offered annually. Fall Semester only.


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This course provides a strong foundation in the array of copper plate processes of etching, aquatint, lift ground, soft ground and viscosity color printmaking processes as well as in painterly monoprinting techniques. Students address personal sources of ideas, experimentation, drawing skills and compositional concerns and draw upon examples of master printmakers to discuss how images reflect culture. Critical thinking skills are necessary in discussion and critiques. Prerequisites: Prerequisites: Art 111 and 112 (or 120), and 113. Lab fee. Offered annually.


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In this intermediate photography course, students explore a variety of techniques and topics. Techniques include historic processes such as cyanotype and salted paper printing, digital photography, Polaroid materials and traditional black and white photography. Experimental approaches and nontraditional forms for presentation are investigated. Photography is investigated from a broad historical, aesthetic and social perspective. This course includes field trips, readings, discussion and slide presentations. Prerequisites: Art 115 or 124, or equivalent. Lab fee. Offered annually.


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This course explores video as a creative medium. Students learn basic video production and editing techniques, producing a number of individual and group projects. During the semester we examine a wide variety of videos and films, exploring experimental, documentary and narrative approaches. The class also considers the history of video art and its relationship to other time-based and static art forms. Prerequisites: Art 111 and 113 or permission of instructor. Lab fee. Offered annually.


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This course introduces modern culture and thought through a chronological study of painting, sculpture, architecture, and related arts. Students learn about the strikingly new modes of art created in Europe and the United States after 1880, examining work by Edvard Munch, Frank Lloyd Wright, Pablo Picasso, the Dadaists, Abstract Expressionists, and many others.


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This course examines architectural monuments and their symbolic forms combined with evidence of earthly and divine concepts. From cave dwellings to geodesic domes, from Eastern to Western systems, students review sacred and profane structures from a variety of cultures. Each student investigates a living reality of space, function, and form found in human-built environments.


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This seminar-style course focuses on a specific art historical topic, and students learn how to pursue art historical practice beyond the introductory level. Topics change yearly. The course is sometimes taught with Art 395, but Art 275 students are required to do less advanced work. Prerequisite: at least one art history course or permission of the instructor. Offered annually.


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This course enables the advanced studio art student to pursue further work in any chosen two or three dimensional medium or combination of media including performance, installation and collaborative ways of working. This course is organized around an interdisciplinary theme set each year by the instructor. Within a seminar format students will read, discuss and write on the selected topic in conjunction with topic driven individual studio work and critiques. Prerequisites: Foundations plus a minimum of two Level II studio courses and two faculty recommendations or permission of instructor. Offered annually.


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This seminar introduces students to East Asian cultures through the familiar institution of family. In contemporary novels, autobiographies and short stories, students read about the struggles between traditional ideals and modern pressures as East Asians strive to define themselves within families. The course also develops students' writing skills to prepare them for the rest of their college coursework.


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This course examines major cultures of South, Southeast and East Asia from interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives with attention to theories of human behavior. Themes vary from year to year but may include Asian cities, heroic ideals, village and family life, population growth, gender roles and medicine and healing traditions. No prerequisites.


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Students study basic concepts and approaches of film analysis, while examining aesthetics, themes and techniques of masterworks directed by Chinese Fifth Generation directors. Through readings of cinema theory and criticism and class discussions, students explore artistic merits in these films and aspects of Chinese society and culture in contemporary China, particularly the changes which occurred since 1978 with China's Four Modernizations. All readings are in English.


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Using rice (and agriculture more generally) as a means of access, this course will introduce students to an examination of the societies, politics and economies of East Asian countries. Drawing on social science methods, it looks at traditional East Asian societies as well as the drive for modernization and the consequences that modernization has had on these societies. Prerequisite: Asian Studies 112 or permission of the instructor. Counts toward the Asian Studies major.


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This course prepares sophomores and juniors for upper level study in Asian studies by providing methodologies for individual research, including disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives on select issues. Students use research tools systematically and compile annotated bibliographies using bibliographic software. Prerequisites: Asian Studies 121 or Asian Conversations sequence, or permission of instructor.


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The seminar intensively studies topics in Asian studies. Prerequisite: senior Asian studies major or concentrator, or permission of the instructor.


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This biology course emphasizes learning strategies and critical thinking skills as applied to the curriculum of Biology 125. Objectives of the course are met through additional readings, problem sets, brief written assignments, introduction of discipline specific writing styles, projects (including individual and/or group oral presentation), and library research. Assignments include new content that complements introductory biology. Offered annually. Prerequisites: concurrent enrollment in Biology 125 and permission of instructor.


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Contemporary issues in human biology direct the study of how our bodies work. This knowledge is relevant to the decisions required in daily living. Specific topics vary, but may include nutrition, cancer, immune responses, exercise and reproduction. Learning in this course utilizes lecture, discussion and laboratory formats. The course includes lectures plus one 2-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. GE: NST-B, NSL.


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This foundation course explores major principles of cellular and molecular biology and is a prerequisite for all Level II biology courses. Emphases include the structural and chemical composition of cells, crucial metabolic pathways, fundamentals of cell division, basic genetics and the scientific method. Labs integrate concepts with problem-solving and scientific writing. Students attend lectures plus one 2.5-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually and during Interim. GE: NST-B, NSL.


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Human health is affected by both our biological environment -- a teaming world of parasites and diseases -- and our physical environment -- the water, air, and landscapes we inhabit. Our interactions with the environment are changing rapidly as human populations grow, travel increases, and ecosystems are altered. This course integrates traditional environmental topics, such as air and water quality, with newer public health topics, such as emerging diseases and food-borne illnesses. Prerequisite: An introductory science course.


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Genetics examines relationships between genotype and phenotype in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms from classical, molecular and population perspectives. Lectures cover ideas and technologies contributing to understanding mechanisms of gene transmission and regulation. Laboratories utilize model organisms to investigate classical and molecular modes of inheritance. Students attend lectures plus one three-hour laboratory per week; taught twice a year. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and one semester of chemistry or concurrent registration.


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Students journey toward greater understanding of one of the most wondrous objects in existence - the human body - through an integrated study of the structure of the body (anatomy) and how organs such as the brain, heart and kidney perform their remarkable functions (physiology). The course is designed primarily for students intending careers in the health sciences. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught twice a year. Prerequisite: Biology 125.


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This course emphasizes adaptive mechanisms in relation to the environment (i.e., desert kangaroo rat kidneys compared to aquatic beaver kidneys). Systems covered include permeability and transport, osmoregulation, thermoregulation, muscle, neurophysiology, respiration, circulation, digestion and metabolism. Investigative laboratories enable students to measure numerous physiological parameters in living animals using computers and other equipment. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and 126.


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This course traces the path of invertebrate evolution from single-celled protozoans to the most primitive chordates. Emphasis is placed upon major breakthroughs in design which enable organisms to exploit new ecological habitats. Laboratories are designed to provide students with first-hand lab and field research experiences and use of video-microscopy facilities. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and 126.


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Plants are a diverse and important group of organisms. This course considers their evolution, emphasizing the morphology and anatomy of flowering plants. Students learn about basic techniques of data collection and analysis to investigate plant evolution: identifying plants, dissecting and staining plant structures and using computer-based taxonomic statistics programs. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and 126.


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Ecology focuses on the study of the interrelationships that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. This course examines organism-environment interactions and the study of populations, communities and ecosystems. Consideration is given to use of ecological studies in ecosystem management. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory per week. Taught twice a year. Prerequisites: Biology 125 and 126.


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For science majors, learning to read the primary literature found in scientific journals is an important transition from classroom learning to post-graduate endeavors. Students enrolled in this course will read, present and discuss current scientific papers in a field selected by participating faculty. The goal is to garner sufficient expertise in the particular field to allow critical analysis of the scientific literature. Requires permission of instructor. May be repeated if topics are different.


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Internships are designed to provide career-testing opportunities. Students interested in an internship should consult with the Center for Experiential Learning, enlist a faculty sponsor and complete an internship application.


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This course focuses on learning modern field and laboratory methods to test ecological hypotheses. Students work on group and individual projects to collect and analyze data and give oral and written presentations on projects. Class periods focus on discussion of primary literature and project results. Class trips include visits to local natural areas. Students attend lectures plus one 4-hour laboratory per week. Taught annually. GE: ORC. Prerequisites: Biology 125, 126, and 261.


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Immunology focuses on the structure, development and function of the immune system. The course explores the molecular and cellular basis of the immune responses. The application of immunological principles to allergy, autoimmunity, AIDS, transplantation and cancer will be included. Students attend lectures plus one 3-hour laboratory period or a 2-hour discussion per week. Taught annually. Prerequisites: Biology 125, 126 and 233; Chemistry .


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The idea of evolution forms the foundation for all modern biological thought. This course will examine the processes of evolution in detail (selection, genetic drift, mutation, migration) and study the methods by which biologists reconstruct the history of life on the planet. Advanced topics will be explored through reading and discussion of journal articles. The social and historical context of evolutionary theory will be discussed. GE: ORC. Prerequisites: Biology 125, 126, and 233 . Offered annually.


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Biology 394 is for students who have completed one internship (Biology 294) and wish to perform a second internship. Students interested in an internship should consult with the Center for Experiential Learning, locate a faculty sponsor and complete an internship form.


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Independent Research is offered for students dedicated to an in-depth research experience. In conjunction with a faculty supervisor, students conceive and perform a research project leading to the writng of a major research paper and a poster presentation. Independant research requires permission of a supervisor, a secondary faculty reader of the paper and completion of an independantresearch form.


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This course provides a study of chemical stoichiometry and equilibrium at a level and pace appropriate to students with little or no background in chemistry. The combination of this course and the Interim course 123 provides coverage of topics equivalent to those in Chemistry 125. Students attend three classes and one 3-hour laboratory per week.


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This study of chemical stoichiometry, equilibrium, coordination chemistry and atomic and molecular structure supplies the fundamental background on which all later chemistry courses depend. It includes applications of equilibrium principles to acid-base chemistry. Students attend three classes and one 3-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisites: high school chemistry and physics and concurrent registration in calculus (Mathematics 120 or 122). The course cannot be taken in conjunction with or after credit in Chemistry 121.


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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon, emphasizing the structures and mechanisms of reaction of these molecules. The first semester focuses on structure, nomenclature and reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, including aspects of stereochemistry and spectroscopic identification of these compounds. The second semester delves into the chemistry of functional groups, especially those that play a role in the reactivity biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Prerequisite: Chemistry 126. Offered Fall Semester.


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These courses introduce students to the synthesis and characterization of organic, organometallic and inorganic compounds. Students purify the materials they produce by techniques such as chromatography and characterize them using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic methods. Students attend one 3-hour laboratory each week. Prerequisites: previous or concurrent registration in Chemistry 247 for 253, and 248 for 254. P/N only. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students not only investigate the theory of modern analytical chemistry, but also examine the statistical treatment of errors, equilibrium, activities, acid/base chemistry, spectroscopy, electrochemistry and separations. The accompanying lab course, Chemistry 256, illustrates the topics discussed in Chemistry 255. Students taking this course use computers for solving problems. Prerequisite: Chemistry 126. Concurrent registration in Chemistry 256 is required. Offered both semesters.


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This lab course exposes students to the practice of modern analytical chemistry. Although experiments change from year to year, students have hands-on experience using spectrophotometers, pH meters, liquid chromatographs and computer interfacing. Experiments typically utilize products and/or materials that are environmentally or industrially important. Prerequisite: concurrent registration in Chemistry 255. P/N only. Offered both semesters.


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Students perform experiments that illustrate the principles of physical chemistry and utilize modern instrumentation. Students synthesize and analyze copolymers, perform spectroscopic measurements of molecular energy levels and perform calculations of quantum mechanical quantities using computer workstations. Students also develop their scientific writing skills by preparing reports in the style of scientific publications. Prerequisite: concurrent registration in Chemistry 371. P/N only. Offered both semesters.


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Students delve further into the topics of kinetics, thermodynamics and atomic and molecular structure that were introduced in the first-year courses. This course emphasizes the mathematical aspects of chemistry. Specific topics may include reaction mechanisms, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, phase transitions, macromolecules, symmetry, spectroscopy and molecular orbital theory. Prerequisite: Chemistry 126. Previous completion of Physics 124 or 126 is recommended. Concurrent registration in Chemistry 357 is required. Offered both semesters.


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This lab course is highly recommended to enhance the basic biochemistry course and as preparation for further study of biochemistry and related fields. The course introduces students to the process and techniques of biochemistry. Experiments include purification of a protein enzyme and characterization of enzyme activities, kinetics and properties. The course aims to provide continuity in experimentation that is investigative in nature. Significant emphasis is placed upon the development of scientific writing skills. Prerequisite: previous or concurrent registration in Chemistry 379. P/N only. Offered both semesters.


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Students work on special projects during one afternoon of laboratory per week. Each student must have the sponsorship of a staff member. P/N only. Offered both semesters.


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Students explore analytical applications, problem solving and understanding how people and instruments operate together to make things happen. Problems include how systems of amplifiers detect signals, how computers process and display them and how people use networks to transfer the information to others who need it. A lab robot is used to prepare samples and to do analyses. Prerequisite: concurrent registration in Chemistry 382. P/N only. Offered Fall Semester.


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This course attempts to understand biological processes at the molecular level and serves as a basic introduction to biochemistry. This course emphasizes the structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids, enzyme catalysis and regulation, bioenergetics and an introduction to carbohydrate metabolism. Subsequent enrollment in Chemistry 385 is recommended for students desiring greater breadth and depth in the subject. Prerequisite: Chemistry 248. Offered both semesters.


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Students study how an instrument functions, mechanically, mathematically, optically and electronically, and then how its parts are linked together. Students examine electrochemical devices: spectrophotometers for absorption, emission, scattering and resonance; devices that manipulate particles; and a host of chromatographic devices. Prerequisites: Physics 125L or 228, and Chemistry 255, 256. Concurrent registration in Chemistry 378 is required. Prior experience with computers is essential. Offered Fall Semester.


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This course offers an introduction to speaking, reading and writing Chinese, as well as mastery of basic grammar and command of 500 characters for reading and writing. Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required.


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Students continue to develop listening and reading comprehension and use of basic structures through speaking and writing. The vocabulary for reading and writing increases to 1,000 characters. Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required.


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This course provides continued practice in speaking, reading and writing at the third-year level. Our text introduces students to Chinese geography and history and modern written style. Conducted entirely in Chinese. These courses are recommended for students seeking a concentration in Chinese language. Prerequisite: Chinese 232 or equivalent.


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Students who have completed Chinese 371 are encouraged to continue their Chinese language study with faculty through individual and small group tutorials by registering for Chinese 298 or Chinese 398. Through individual tutorials students may pursue readings and projects in their area of interest.


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Homer's epics, Hesiod's account of creation and his farmer's almanac, the tragedies of 5th-century Athens, the national epics of Ovid and Vergil: mythical patterns and images from ancient texts still pervade our culture's music, drama, art and film. Many students plug in and appreciate for the first time the richness and relevance of their Greek and Roman inheritance. GE: ALS-L. Offered in alternate years.


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A survey of fundamental concepts of computer science through an interactive exploration of the Scheme programming language, this course is organized around three approaches to programming: functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming. Topics covered include problem-solving and algorithm development, basic data structures, programming style and documentation, recursion, iteration and loop invariants, elementary algorithm analysis, concepts of object-oriented programming and applications.


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A structured descriptive survey of the organizational principles of computer hardware, emphasizing trade-offs among architectural choices and representative examples. Topics include virtual machines, overview of computer organization, forms of parallelism, machine-level representation of data, memory organization, digital logic, functional organization, microprogrammed and RISC architectures, performance enhancements and alternative architectures, assembly-level machine organization and programming, and architecture of networks and their protocols. Prerequisite: Computer Science 121 or consent of the instructor.


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This course surveys standard data structures and algorithms with emphasis on implementation experience and complexity analysis. Topics include algorithmic strategies, fundamental computer algorithms, stacks, queues, lists, trees, hash tables, specialized trees (e.g., binary, AVL, B-trees), heaps and priority queues, compression, and decompression. Prerequisites: Computer Science 231 and either Computer Science 125 or 251, or consent of the instructor.


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This course surveys technologies represented in networked software systems based on the client-server model, including graphics user interfaces (GUIs) and databases, and features a team project to design and build such a system with interdisciplinary application. Design of client- server systems, GUI applications, event-driven programming, APIs, databases and SQL query language, embedded queries, data modeling, concurrency, network programming, security and ethical considerations, and team programming methodologies. Prerequisites: Computer Science 125 or 251, or consent of the instructor.


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Class members participate in undergraduate research, including readings from the research literature, team development of project software, ethical analysis of the project applying Computer Science 263 principles, and writing a research paper for public presentation. Projects are frequently interdisciplinary in nature, and build on prior undergraduate research experiences among class members. Prerequisites: major in computer science with senior standing, and completion of or concurrent enrollment in computer science core courses, including Computer Science 263, or consent of instructor.


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Recent projects have involved team software development, graphics user-interface (GUI) programming, real-time computing, logic programming and intelligent tutoring systems, relational data bases, computer networks and operating systems.


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This introduction to dance allows students to broadly experience dance. Students explore dance from the following perspectives: historical, cultural and social, creative and expressive, performing, critical and aesthetic, and kinesthetic. Lectures, experiential movement labs, and viewing of both live and recorded dance performances are all components of the course. No dance experience required. A ticket/transportation fee is required for performances. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students explore pulse and rhythm through a range of dance and movement activities, including African dance, hand drumming, tap dance, Latin dance, body percussion, and voice work. The class investigates how rhythms are established as we shift body weight, manipulate time, and emphasize a pulse. Students also explore the connections between rhythm, the innate instinct to follow rhythmic patterns in life and the predisposition to generate our own rhythms.


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Ballroom classes are taught from a social/aesthetic perspective. In this course, students learn fundamental steps, rhythms and styling in foxtrot, slow waltz, Viennese waltz, east coast swing and cha cha or samba.


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This course is an exploration of dance as recreation, exercise, creative process, and spiritual practice. Students experience and compare these functions of dance within culture by dancing together and creating group dances. Fundamental principles of body organization constitute the technical base of the class.


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Modern dance classes approach movement with imagination, experience and technical training. The classes explore the structural and functional relationships within the body from which we create dance patterns and develop expressive movement and body awareness. This course introduces students to body awareness and modern dance vocabulary and technique. Offered both semesters. Can be repeated with instructor's permission.


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This studio course introduces students to the movement concepts and vocabulary of modern dance, ballet, tap and jazz and Laban Movement Analysis and their application to performance in theater, music and dance. Emphasis is on perceiving, describing and experiencing the movement possibilities for the director/actor, conductor/musician, choreographer/dancer. A ticket/transportation fee is required for trips to professional theaters in the Twin Cities.


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Ballet classes are taught from a modern dance perspective. This course provides students with an introduction to ballet vocabulary, technique and body awareness. Offered both semesters. Can be repeated with instructor's permission.


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This introduction to experiential anatomy uses movement and embodied awareness to explore structural and functional relationships and expressive and creative potential within the body. Emphasis is placed on "living the bodywhole" (bodymindmotionspirit) in building a value system for daily operation and for specialized performance activities. Valuable for anyone interested in living with ease, energy, and efficiency in life. Offered both semesters.


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Students expand their understanding of modern dance by building on the components of Level I, adding attention to movement qualities, elements of space, dance vocabulary and technique with an emphasis on phrasing and sequences. Prerequisite: Dance 111 and permission of instructor. Offered both semesters. 211 can be repeated with instructor's permission.


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Play is powerful in learning. It is engaging, energizing, and enlightening. This class explores a range of physical activities including Big Ball Work, tumbling, outdoor contouring and terraining, Contact Improvisation, and Capoeira, all in the spirit of play. Each activity develops physical skill, physical confidence, and physical intelligence by developing body organization, strength, and alignment. Investigation into the nature of play as creative process provides a theoretical foundation. Prerequisite: Dance 105, 110, or 111.


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This course offers an expansion of ballet vocabulary and technique with an emphasis on movement quality, integrity and efficiency. Outside work includes practicing, reading, writing and concert attendance. . Prerequisite: Dance 121 (at least twice) and/or permission of the instructor. Offered both semesters. 221 can be repeated with instructors permission.


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A basic course in principles and methods for creating dances, this course focuses on the elements of dance composition and improvisation, the relationship of form and content and the relationship of the dancer and the dance. It is appropriate for students interested in any or all forms of dance and for those interested in other forms of composition (music, visual art, etc.).


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Students embark on an exploration of pedestrian and religious ritual movement and concert dance in Middle Eastern, Asian and American cultures to increase intercultural sensitivity and competence. The emphasis is on discovering how movement and dance express and communicate cultural values, as well as developing the skills to perceive, describe, interpret and evaluate movement. Includes studio, classroom and field experiences. A ticket/transportation fee is required for trips to performances in the Twin Cities.


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This modern section builds on the concepts and components of Modern Dance I and II. This section is open to Companydance members and general students with instructor's permission. Offered both semesters. 311 can be repeated with instructor's permission. Prerequisite: Dance 211.


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This course offers a further exploration of ballet vocabulary and technique for the advanced dancer with an emphasis on clarity, intention and musicality. This ballet section is open to Companydance members and general students with instructor's permission. Offered both semesters. 321 can be repeated with instructor's permission. Prerequisite: 221.


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This course offers a further exploration of ballet vocabulary and technique for the advanced dancer with an emphasis on clarity, intention, and musicality. This ballet section is open to Companydance members and general students with instructor's permission. Offered both semesters. 321 can be repeated with instructor's permission. Prerequisite: Dance 221.


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This is the dance majors' culminating course. Students will prepare, develop and execute their final senior project in their individual areas of specialty. Students also prepare for dance careers, looking at resume formats, grant writing, interviewing and auditioning skills. Class discussion topics include the role and function of dance in the students' lives and in what ways they will participate. Offered Fall Semester.


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This course takes an analytical approach to economic reasoning and contemporary issues. Offered each semester, the course introduces microeconomic and macroeconomic theories with applications to relevant issues, such as employment, growth, environmental protection, affirmative action, exchange rate fluctuations, taxes and welfare reform. Students explore economics as an intelligent approach to understanding our daily lives as citizens, workers, managers and consumers.


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Students in this course gain a critical understanding of several forms of government regulation by studying antitrust, old-style regulation and issues in consumer and workplace safety. Students examine such intervention from both historical and economic perspectives, by participating in oral and written cases arguing opposing sides on historical and modern issues ranging from Standard Oil (1911) to the regulation of nuclear power. Prerequisite: one of Economics 110-122 or consent of the instructor. Offered annually.


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This class applies economic principles to issues of urban development. Topics include urban economic history, location analysis, policy analysis (especially concerning poverty, housing, transportation and education), land use controls and macroeconomic forecasting. Prerequisites: one of Economics 110-122 or consent of instructor. Offered annually.


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This course addresses the economic institutions and forces that determine levels of income, output, employment and prices in our society. Questions related to employment prospects and standard of living provide an important focus. Classical and Keynesian perspectives are employed in attempting to understand these matters, the macroeconomics problems in market economies and the policies that economists prescribe as remedies for these problems. Prerequisites: Calculus I and one of Economics 110-122, or consent of the instructor. Offered each semester.


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Microeconomics is the study of the resource allocation decisions by households, producers and firms and the resources allocation process in various types of market structures. Students are trained in the use of economic models and optimizing techniques to address a variety of real-world problems, including case studies from business and public policy. Prerequisites: Calculus I and one of Economics 110-122, or consent of the instructor. Offered each semester.


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This course addresses the institutions that comprise modern monetary systems and the influence that these systems have on levels of income, output, employment and prices in market economies. Monetary theory and monetary policy, including both the nature of our central bank and the role that it plays in our monetary system, are also addressed in some detail. Prerequisite: Economics 261 and Statistics 263 or Mathematics 312, or consent of instructor. Offered annually.


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What do workers want from work? What do employers want from workers? Pressing policy issues exist for workers competing in the global economy. Unions, unemployment insurance, welfare and the minimum wage enhance the prospects of many, while leaving others even worse off. This course utilizes microeconomic theory, statistics and institutional analysis to understand labor markets. Prerequisites: Economics 262 and Statistics 263 or Mathematics 312, or consent of instructor. Offered annually.


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This course offers the students an integrated approach of theory, policy and enterprise to understand international trade and investment. The course focuses on the costs and benefits of global economic interdependence for students who plan to enter an international business career or to work for government and international organizations in activities affected by international economic relations. Prerequisite: Economics 261, 262, or consent of instructor. Offered each semester.


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Ideal for students interested in applying statistical models, this course emphasizes theoretical foundations, mathematical structure and applications of major econometric techniques, including ordinary least squares, generalized least squares, dummy variables, non-linear transformations, instrumental variables, simultaneous equation modeling and time series models. Using national data series and econometric software, students create computer-based case projects and also develop a national econometric model. Prerequisites: Economics 261 and Statistics 263, Mathematics 312, or permission of instructor. Offered annually.


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Students examine issues related to chemical use/abuse in our society. The course, required of all candidates for a teaching license, enhances problem identification and helping skills in students' professional and personal lives. Students develop an understanding of enabling and intervening behaviors and gain knowledge about the role of schools in addressing these and other chemical abuse concerns. Offered both semesters, evenings. P/N only.


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This course focuses on issues surrounding first and second language acquisition in children and adults. It examines socio-cultural, linguistic, and psychological factors that affect language learning, cultural identity, and school performance, highlighting political influences on the education of linguistic minorities. This is a theory and foundations course required for students seeking MN teaching licensure in ESL; it is also relevant for students who wish to teach English as a foreign language abroad.


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Students study theories and research into human behavior, growth and development. Through lectures, discussions, case studies and field experiences, students analyze the impact of applied psychological principles upon educational institutions and human social behavior. Students also examine the interaction between individual characteristics and needs and political, economic and philosophical issues confronting contemporary American students. Required 20-hour school experience. Prerequisite: Spring Semester sophomore standing. Offered both semesters.


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In this course students will be introduced to the Standards of Effective practice for Teachers and the Education Department's process for assessing teacher candidates. Through creating an electronic portfolio and building a sample class web page, students will learn how to integrate technology into classroom instruction. Students will be evaluated on the construction of their portfolio and the quality and style of their web page. This course meets for three evening sessions in a computer laboratory setting. Students are advised to take this course at the same time as Education 290: Educational Psychology.


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This course is designed to assist students in developing their own teacher style as they prepare to become full-time teachers. Topics include the roles and responsibilities of teachers, methods of instruction, planning, classroom management, assessment and reporting and other current educational issues. Through micro-teaching and school-based field experiences, they also practice instructional skills and techniques. Required 20-hour school experience. Prerequisite: Education 290 and approval of Teacher Education Application.


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Students act as a "community of scholars" to examine current issues and trends in mathematics education. They learn strategies for engaging pupils in active mathematical investigation, using appropriate technology and other mathematical tools and for emphasizing communication, problem solving, reasoning and mathematical connections in their teaching. Includes reliance on the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards documents. Spring Semester only.


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The goal of the course is to acquire the knowledge, skills, and understandings necessary to develop a music program for grades 5-12. Each week the student observes a music teacher in a local school and then returns to teach that class using an approved plan. First half of the Fall Semester only.


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This course focuses on the many aspects involved in coordinating and teaching a secondary choral program. It includes discussions on extra-curricular activities, grading and record keeping, curriculum, repertoire and program planning, professional development and other pertinent and related topics. Students gain practical knowledge and skills necessary to successfully manage a vocal music program. Fall Semester only.


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Prospective band and orchestra teachers study the skills and knowledge necessary for successfully conducting instrumental music. The course includes teaching philosophy and strategies, repertoire and program planning, budgeting and scheduling, musical materials and scoring, recruiting and evaluation and specialized topics such as jazz ensemble and marching band. Fall Semester only.


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Prospective teachers learn strategies to use when communicating with students who are experiencing personal difficulties. Communication with parents, family members and other professionals who have a vested interest in the student's well-being is emphasized. Professional liability is a major component of the course. The course uses role playing to help students develop communication expertise. Topics include confidentiality, professional liability and boundaries, crisis intervention, teen pregnancy, chemical use, abuse and neglect, suicide and depression and making referrals. Prerequisite: Education 290 or permission of instructor.


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Future teachers identify and acquire skills to serve exceptional students more effectively in the regular classroom. Students read, discuss and take field trips to expand their knowledge of the broad spectrum of resources available for students with disabilities, second language learners and those labeled at-risk. Historical perspectives as well as inclusion, collaboration, curriculum development and other current topics are included. Prerequisite: Education 290 or permission of instructor.


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Enrollment is by permission of the instructor. Students attend the Education 375 class and do additional research in a specific area and work directly with an exceptional learner. Students tutor or assist special students, do library research and discuss or present their experiences with the class. Prerequisite: Education 290 and permission. Required for licensure in some states, not Minnesota.


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Offered concurrently with student teaching, this course focuses on professional development, including personal philosophies of teaching/education, professional ethics and portfolio development. Student teachers examine school governance and administration, finance, contemporary issues and employment preparation. The seminar meets periodically during student teaching and following student teaching. Student teachers only. Special section offered for St. Thomas Elementary students.


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All candidates must have a multicultural field experience to help develop their competence in teaching in multicultural environments. A minimum of 40 hours of field experience in a multicultural school environment is required prior to student teaching for the Class of 2005 and beyond; a full four-week Interim or its equivalent is required. All field experiences must be pre-approved. Below is a summary of options: Education 378 (Multicultural Education in Hawaii); Education 379 (Urban Education Seminar and Practicum); ID 259 (FLES-Foreign Languages in the Elementary Schools); or ID 260 (Dimensions of Multiculture and Awareness); internships in multicultural schools. (See Education Department faculty and web site for advice and information.) Education 382 is not a course. Rather it is a recording mechanism indicating St. Olaf students who have completed their multicultural education requirement. Students register for Education 382 during their professional semester.


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In this reflective capstone course, teacher candidates study, experience and reflect upon the influences that technology, cultural diversity, personal health and chemical abuse have upon schooling, home life, community stability and, ultimately, their own students' achievement. Students build upon student teaching to determine the essential knowledge and skills of educators as change agents and their future roles as first-year teachers. This workshop follows student teaching. Student teachers only. Special section offered for St. Thomas Elementary students.


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Students are assigned to a full-time internship in schools under the guidance of competent cooperating teachers and supervised by faculty from both the content area department and the Education Department. Student teaching provides the best possible introduction to the teaching experience. Student teachers practice all classroom teaching skills required to assure competency to begin their first year of teaching. Minimum of 12 full-time weeks teaching, including orientation sessions and required seminars. Education students only -- seniors or college graduates.


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This course is intended primarily for second language students to develop English skills required for college-level work. The emphasis is on composition and the writing process. Other language skills are dealt with as appropriate, in class and through individualized instruction. May not be substituted for General Education 111. Fall Semester only. P/N only.


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Students write frequently, respond to one another's writing and meet often with instructors in conferences. Emphasis is on students learning about the writing process and revision. The course is required of those students placed into it; it may not be substituted for General Education 111. Fall Semester only.


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This course introduces students to poetry from a range of perspectives including, but not limited to: the poet's life; the application of categories of analysis such as race, gender, and nationality; poetry as literary craft; and the aesthetic appreciation of poems. To "experience" the literary medium of poetry in the fullest sense, students are required to write about, memorize, orally interpret/recite, and compose their own poetry.


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Students encounter a selection of literature from many different English-speaking countries. The course offers an introduction to the analysis and interpretation of a variety of literary genres. The writing can include both formal and creative assignments. The course is required of those beginning the English major. It is not recommended for general education students.


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Focuses on verbal folklore: narratives, songs and shorter forms such as proverbs. Explores the intrinsic qualities of each as literary creations and also the ways in which they operate together when combined or in dialogic relationship. The folktale or the epic, for example, incorporate a variety of these forms, such as the proverb, the song or the riddle, to form a complex whole.


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Students explore poetry and prose from the earliest periods in the development of the English language and literature -- by Caedmon, the Beowulf poet, Chaucer, Julian of Norwich, Malory, Spenser, Shakespeare, Lady Mary Wroth, Donne, Milton -- and investigate how literary conventions and social history interact. From sermons to sonnets, students examine 1000 years of literary history and ultimately follow the voyage of English from Britain to the Americas. Prerequisite: Prior or simultaneous study in English 185.


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Students study literary developments from the mid-17th to the mid-19th centuries. Topics examined include the influence of the Puritan Revolution on literature; satiric modes practiced by Dryden, Pope and Swift; the rise of the novel; the Romantic movement; Transcendentalism; and the development of American identity as seen in writers such as Franklin, Fuller and Douglass. Prerequisite: English 221.


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Students examine literary works, forms and movements as part of a larger cultural history. Each offering of this course emphasizes a different historical issue or period. Students consider the extent to which literary texts are produced by common cultural and historical conditions and how literature shapes the historical accounts we inherit. Recent offerings include Romanticism, '50s Beat Literature and Writing America: 1620-1800.


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These courses treat specific periods in American literature and examine the relationship between literary texts and movements and their unique cultural, political and historical contexts. Each offering of this course examines a different literary era and emphasizes specific literary and historical issues. Students may register for the course more than once provided a different era is studied. Offerings include:


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Students encounter the literatures from former British colonies and from other countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Primary attention is given to literatures in English, but the readings may include some translations. The course examines diverse cultural expressions and the historical and cultural contexts of the works read, including the relationship between oral and written literature and between indigenous and foreign elements.


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Students examine critically a variety of national, metro and local media. Students then learn to write their own news copy, including hard news, features, editorials, art and entertainment reviews, sports, business and travel stories. Students also learn UPI/AP style copy editing and proofreading, which is important for students applying for internships and print media jobs.


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This course provides students with the opportunity to gather insights and develop skills in the writing of creative prose, poetry and/or drama. Literary selections are often used as models and discussions of craft set the stage for the workshopping of student writing. Seminar size allows for maximum interaction between the professor-mentor and the student and for one-on-one conferences.


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Students explore the complex relationships between literature and film. How do we translate the verbal into the visual? What can novels do that films cannot and vice versa? Subject matter includes both classic and contemporary fiction and film.


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Students examine a limited number of plays (eight or nine) in order to concentrate on how to read the plays well and how to respond fully to both text and performance. Students attend live performances when possible and view productions on video. The course, designed especially for non-majors, includes some consideration of historical context and background as well as practice in how to write about the plays.


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Explores various forms of prose, including fiction and creative nonfiction. Each instructor selects different material to be studied and emphasizes various aspects of the form. Topics can range from the 18th-century novel to African American autobiography. May be repeated if topics are different.


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Students study individual texts as well as the development of women's literary tradition(s). How do women writers conform to and/or challenge the dominant paradigm for female identity, women's social roles and women's literary practice? Topics may include women's autobiographies, women writers and the land, contemporary women's fiction and major women writers.


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Students explore specific periods in British literature and examine the relationship between literary texts and movements and their particular cultural, political and historical contexts. Each offering of this course examines a different literary era and emphasizes specific literary and historical issues.


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This class focuses on defining, classifying, analyzing, interpreting, evaluating and understanding literature. Students study both practical criticism (discussion of particular works or writers) and theoretical criticism (principles and criteria appropriate to literature generally). The course introduces a broad range of critical theories and provides an historical overview of the subject.


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Students who have already completed a unit in creative writing or produced manuscripts in some other context have the opportunity to deepen and polish their work and to develop and complete individual projects in fiction and poetry. Class sessions are devoted to the discussion of the craft, the examination of literary models and workshopping of student writing. Emphasis for each section is announced the previous spring. Prerequisite: English 251, 255, 257 or writing equivalent.


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Students explore advanced strategies in writing essays. Three areas of emphasis are explored through the semester: the personal essay, lyrical prose and creative journalism. Many class sessions take the form of workshops in which students critique their peers' work. Prerequisite: English 251, 255, 257 or writing equivalent.


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Students learn the techniques of screenwriting, including how to write a treatment, to create backstories, and to break down scenes. Each student will produce and revise a 30- to 35-page narrative screenplay. Prerequisite: English 251, 257, or writing equivalent.


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Chaucer's perennial appeal resides in his ability to dramatize universal ethical problems: the question of human suffering; the need to overcome selfishness, greed, or sin; abusive relationships; tensions between the sexes; the ideal of a good marriage; right relationship with God. Although these ethical questions are framed by a medieval poet, they are clearly of contemporary relevance. Chaucer tackles these ethical issues through a vividly portrayed, if motley, cast of characters who set off on a religious journey and get side tracked (or find their way) through a game of story-telling. The literary approach to ethics -- that is, the study of tales as cases through which we analyze and employ normative approaches to ethical concerns -- is well suited for advanced majors in English or Medieval Studies.


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In the first part of this seminar, students examine, on the basis of common readings, some broad literary topic. In the second, they undertake individual research projects, share and respond to each other's work-in-progress and present their completed project to the seminar. Prerequisites: junior standing, English 185, 221, 222, and 223.


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This American environmental history explores the social construction of nature in the 20th century, looking at the roots (both natural and cultural) of contemporary environmental issues. To figure out what nature means to us now, we will study the history of stuff, the culture of grasslands and lawns, the changing character of the city and the country, the nature of the suburbs, the conservation and preservation movements, different energy ecologies, the nature of TV, the contemporary environmental movement and alternative ecological practices. We will also use the St. Olaf campus as a case study of 20th-century environmental design.


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Conservation biology focuses on the study of biological diversity. We will examine why we should be concerned about the number and types of species on earth, what factors threaten the survival of species and how we can conserve them. Using principles of ecology and evolution, with input from other disciplines, students gain a better understanding of the impact of humans on biodiversity and the importance of responsible environmental decision-making. Offered annually. Counts toward major and concentration: Environmental Studies.


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Population growth, industrialization and the consumption of fossil fuels have increased global environmental problems. The course examines the ways in which nation-states and/or international institutions have addressed these environmental concerns. Depending on the instructor, the focus of the course is either the environmental problems of a particular area (e.g., Latin America, Russia or Asia) or a broader global arena (e.g., international institutions and the environment). Counts toward major and concentration: Environmental Studies.


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This course analyzes environmental regulation in the United States with respect to its historical evolution, its ability to achieve environmental targets, its efficiency or cost-effectiveness, its distributional impact on jobs, people and industries across the country and its international ramifications. Class meetings include open discussions with individuals from agencies charged with developing and enforcing environmental regulation. Offered annually.


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Remote sensing and GIS are increasingly used to address basic and applied questions in the environmental sciences and a host of other disciplines. We will survey available remote sensing image types and learn to process (ground-truthing, GPS, scanning, digitizing) and interpret remotely sensed images. We will also learn theory and practice of geographic information systems (basic cartography and spatial statistics). A weekly 3-hour laboratory is required. Counts toward major and concentration: Environmental Studies. Prerequisites: Environmental Studies 137 or a Level 1 course in biology, chemistry or physics.


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The discussion of wilderness today often focuses on non-human benefits, such as the protection of biodiversity or wildlife habitat. A significant tradition of American thought and literature also emphasizes the benefits of wilderness for human beings, including spirituality, freedom, morality, self-reliance and solitude. This seminar, offered annually, explores the importance of wilderness in American thought and assesses its value for society today.


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Students competing in intercollegiate athletics may use the season of participation in a varsity sport for 0.25 course credit in physical education. Only one 0.25 course can be applied toward the two 0.25 course Physical Activity (PHA) graduation requirement. Fall: varsity football, soccer, cross-country, women's volleyball. Spring Semester: remainder of intercollegiate sports. Participants in club sports are not eligible. Students must register for the course during the competitive season.


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Students examine American courtship and marriage in relation to personal and professional life, with the major emphasis on communication and commitment in interpersonal relationships. Since this course takes an interdisciplinary approach, a broad range of individualized study is encouraged.


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This course explores the varied dimensions of human sexuality as they relate to, affect and are affected by past and present human relationships. Sexual problems and issues are re-examined for the development of personal value framework and for the enrichment of family life.


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Students begin to learn French through listening, speaking, reading and writing about topics familiar to them. They study social and cultural notions inherent in the daily life of peoples in diverse Francophone communities and learn to think critically and make interdisciplinary connections and informed cross-cultural comparisons. Open to students with prior background in French or placement into French 111.


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Students expand their developing language skills by continuing to listen, speak, read and write on topics familiar to them. They continue their study of social and cultural notions inherent in the daily life of peoples in diverse Francophone communities and learn to think critically and make interdisciplinary connections and informed cross-cultural comparisons. Prerequisite: French 111 or placement. Offered fall and spring semesters.


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Students expand their ability to communicate in French, understand French texts and interpret French and U.S. cultures through study and discussion of specific social and cultural topics that are relevant (eg. stereotypes, the family, education, immigration). Explicit focus on cross-cultural comparison/contract and analysis. Students develop their ability to listen, speak, read and write, while paying particular attention to listening and reading strategies. Prerequisite: French 112 or placement. Offered fall and spring semesters.


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Students continue to develop their oral and written expression through the exploration of issues important to the Francophone world outside France (national, cultural and linguistic identities) and through reading, discussing and writing about a wide variety of different texts. Focus is on vocabulary expansion, review of the French verb system and other key grammatical structures, especially through regular written work. Prerequisite: French 231 or placement.


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This course provides students with intensive practice in various types of writing in French (e.g., summary, description, narration, letter-writing). Topics and model texts, including a selection of non-literary texts, are chosen by instructor. Taught in French, the course involves discussion, writing and revising and stresses advanced grammar review. Prerequisite: French 232, 233, or equivalent.


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Students explore French-speaking regions of the world outside France (North America, the Caribbean, Africa) through the close reading, discussion and analysis of literary and other texts and a selection of music and/or media. Readings, discussions, viewings, written and oral assignments are organized around the exploration of specific topics or themes chosen by the instructor. Recent courses have considered Manitoba, Quèbec, and North Africa. Taught in French. Prerequisite: minimum of one 250-level course (two recommended).


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Students explore a specified topic or theme in language, in literature, or in culture/civilization, or in a combination of these, through close reading, discussion, analysis, and interpretation of selected literary and/or non-literary works. Sample topics include "The Courtly Love Tradition," "Post-Colonial French Caribbean Literature," "Madness and the Romantic Dream," and "The Question of Female Identity in Post-Colonial North Africa." Taught in French. Prerequisite: minimum of one 270-level course.


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Students contrast the world views of the ancient Greeks and Hebrews: Greek polytheism and the hero with the Hebrew notion of one God and the believer; Greek notions of civic community and earthly life with the Hebrew ideal of a religious covenant and historical destiny; Greek thoughts about beauty, war, peace, justice, politics, metaphysics, art, architecture and drama with the prophetic stance toward the past and the future. Students read and discuss works by Homer, Sappho, Thucydides, Sophocles, Plato, Aristotle, the writers of the Old Testament and the artistry of the Parthenon.


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Students examine the Renaissance's return to classical values and the Reformation's return to early Christian attitudes which challenge the authority of the medieval synthesis. Students trace the development of new sources of authority including the new science with its influence on art, literature, politics and philosophy. Discussions consider Luther, Calvin, Descartes, Locke, Milton, Aphra Behn, Voltaire, Rousseau, Goethe, Teresa of Avila, Wollstonecraft and the artistry of Michaelangelo, Caravaggio, Bach and Shakespeare.


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Students begin to learn German through listening, speaking, reading, and writing about topics familiar to them (their personal biographies, family, daily life, interests). Regular language lab activities and the occasional singing of German songs aid in acquiring good pronunciation and listening skills. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students continue to develop oral language skills through in-class and language lab activities with both audio and video tapes. Regular written assignments aid in the expansion of vocabulary and in the practical application of grammatical concepts. Communicating in German about familiar personal topics, students acquire vocabulary about sports, food, holidays, school, the environment, life in German cities, Austrian and Swiss culture and German reunification. Prerequisite: German 111 or placement by test. Offered Spring Semester.


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Students explore life in the German-speaking countries through reading and discussion of narrative texts. The course emphasizes vocabulary building, a thorough review of German grammar and the composition of short narratives to develop writing skills. Taught in German with some grammar explanations in English. Prerequisite: German 112 or placement by test. Offered Fall and Spring semesters.


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Students continue to explore life in German-speaking countries, supported by cultural readings, films and other authentic materials that help students develop vocabulary and inspire them to advance their writing and speaking skills. Taught in German, the course includes a review of selected grammar topics. Prerequisite: German 231 or placement by test. GE: FOL-G. Offered Fall and Spring semesters.


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Explores expository texts such as (auto)biographical writings, journalistic articles and critical essays, with an eye to understanding the strategic organization of the text, the information presented and the relationship between the two. Analysis of structure, style, argumentation, evidence and perspective. Review of cases, tenses and word order. Regular group conversations with native speakers. Open to non-majors. Taught in German. Prerequisite: German 232 or equivalent. GE: FOL-G. Offered every Spring Semester.


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Examines a wide variety of texts used in a particular professional or disciplinary field such as economics, the sciences, medicine, art, music and theology. Enhances listening and reading skills in specialized areas of the work world. Recommended for students considering an internship in Germany. Taught in German. Prerequisite: one 250-level course (two recommended). May be repeated if topic is different. GE: FOL-G.


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Explores the form, history and theory of a particular genre or medium, including film, the novella, young adult literature, drama, poetry and short story, or the works of a single author. Close reading, discussion, analysis and interpretation of texts. Taught in German. Prerequisite: minimum of one 270-level course (two recommended). May be repeated if topic is different. GE: FOL-G, ALS-L (ALS-A for film).


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In this two-course sequence students learn the basics of ancient Greek. By studying the language's vocabulary, grammar and syntax, they not only gain appreciation for its intricacies and nuances but also learn more about their own language and about language in general. Completion of both semesters equips students to translate almost any ancient Greek text with the aid of a dictionary. Offered annually.


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Third-semester Greek students read selections from Plato's dialogues (Apology, Crito, Phaedo) in uncut, original versions, reviewing basic vocabulary, grammar and syntax while translating the Greek texts. The class discusses the life and death of Socrates and the significance of the dialogues as works of literature. Prerequisite: Greek 112 or equivalent. GE: FOL-K. Offered annually.


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It has been said that all philosophy is a mere footnote to Plato and Aristotle. In this Greek course students read extensively in the works of the two renowned philosophers while examining the forces that influenced them and the impact that Greek philosophy exerted on subsequent ages. Prerequisite: Greek 231 or equivalent. GE: FOL-K. Offered in alternate years.


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This course explores the origins of the modern Russian empire. Using primary sources such as chronicles, folktales, legal codes, letters, and religious icons, students consider Russia's development from a loose collection of princedoms to a powerful, multi-ethnic empire spanning 11 time zones. Topics include the impact of geography and climate, the Orthodox religion, Mongol rule, gender roles, the rise of autocracy, and social rebellion. Taught frequently.


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This seminar examines the interaction of Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans in early America from first encounters through the Seven Years War (1500-1763). Topics include race war and Native American resistance, the origins of American slavery, the transformation of European culture, and the development of colonial societies. Students work with primary documents and secondary sources that demonstrate a variety of methods and approaches. Offered periodically.


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This course surveys Western history and culture from its origins in the Ancient Near East to the Italian Renaissance. Topics include the ancient world, the beginnings of Christianity, the emergence and disintegration of Rome as a unifying power, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Through original texts and historical studies, students will explore relationships among religions, states, and societies and views of natural environments, family life, and gender roles. Offered most years.


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Students examine, comparatively and chronologically, the evolution of selected cultures and societies before 1500 in Asia, India, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and pre-Columbian America. Through original texts, historical studies, and literature, students explore such topics as religious practices and the birth of world religions, trade and interregional exchanges, human interaction with the environment, forms of political authority, and family life and gender roles. Offered most years.


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Topics in Ancient History, designed to emphasize active skills of critical reading, textual and contextual analysis, historiographical argument, and historical writing.


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This course is a history of Western civilization's primary cultures, from the early kingdoms of Egypt and Mesopotamia through the "Golden Age" of classical Greece and the empire of Alexander the Great. Offered most years.


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This course surveys the history of France since 1774, tracing elements of stability and upheaval from Old Regime to Republic. Emphasis is on the revolutionary tradition and the development of republicanism, social history of the 19th century, de Gaulle and his legacy, and the Socialist experiment. Foreign Language Across the Curriculum course available in French. Offered most years.


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Topics in Non-Western History, designed to emphasize active skills of critical reading, textual and contextual analysis, historiographical argument, and historical writing. Offered most years.


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This survey of modern Japan from about 1800 to the present examines the political transformation of the Meiji Restoration, the industrial revolution and social and cultural change, the rise and fall of party government, militarism and Japanese expansionism in World War II, the American occupation, and postwar social, political, economic, and cultural developments. Offered most years.


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Topics in American history, designed to emphasize active skills of critical reading, textual and contextual analysis, historiographical argument, and historical writing. Offered most years.


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This course surveys women's experience in American life from the colonial period to the present. Students examine the changing economic, social, and legal status of women's, society's attitudes towards women, and the growth of a women's movement. Offered most years.


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In studying the impact of the Civil War era on American society and politics, students focus on slavery, emancipation, and race relations. They also address the impact of industrialization on northern society, encompassing immigration and nativism, the westward movement and the dispossession of Native Americans. The course situates the dramatic political and military events of the era in the wider evolution of American life. Offered most years.


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Students examine the limitations and the enormous potential of film in depicting and interpreting past events in U.S. history. They analyze films using a variety of theoretical models and explore the connection between the present and the interpretation in film of famous past episodes in U.S. history, including, but not limited to, the American Revolution, the Civil War, Custer's "Last Stand," and the turbulent events of the 1960s. Required writing assignments enable students to demonstrate their analytical skills. Group projects offer the opportunity to write screenplays. Offered during Interim.


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This seminar covers the emergence and development of Roman civilization from the founding of Rome to the end of the Western Empire. Students explore such topics as the Greek and Etruscan legacy, evolution from republic to autocracy, the Augustan Age, Pax Romana, social and intellectual trends, the triumph of Christianity and Rome's final transformation. History 190 or 211 recommended. Offered periodically.


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This seminar covers various topics in modern European history, depending upon the instructor. Recent topics have included "The Holocaust and History," "Race, Gender, and Medicine," and "Stalin." Offered most years. May be repeated if topics are different.


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This course examines American life, politics, and foreign policy from the Cold War to the present. Using a variety of readings, students explore some of the contradictions of modernity and the transformation of America into a post-industrial society. History 199 recommended. Offered periodically.


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This capstone seminar is open to all history majors for independent research and discussion of historical issues. It is especially appropriate for those writing a paper for consideration for distinction. With the consent of the instructors, students may complete a research project that satisfies the requirements of the thesis seminar and another Level III seminar. Offered most years.


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Oral communication is an essential part of science and mathematics. Students work closely with a faculty member to learn and practice important aspects of communicating technical information to both expert and non-expert audiences. Enrollment by permission of instructor only. Prerequisite: Previous participation in summer communication series.


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Sports are more than exercise and entertainment -- they can be understood as social phenomena, related to the social and cultural contexts in which we live. Sports provide stories and images used to explain and evaluate these contexts and provide a window into culture and society. This seminar will consider ways in which sports may be understood as social constructs: who plays sports, what happens to them, and why? Do money and power matter in sports - if so, how? How does "playing games" become formalized, institutionalized? What is the role of media in sports? or religion? or government? Students will discuss and produce position papers on various issues relating to sports in society.


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How do we learn science? What approaches can be used to understand and interpret scientific information? While "ecology" in the strict sense refers to a specific field within biology, the word may also be used more broadly to refer to the interactions that organisms have with both living and non-living components of their environments. This seminar will provide students with natural science experiences in ecology as well as explorations of different methods of learning and knowing science. Field experiments and biography, data collection and aesthetics, scientific analyses and history, will be among the different approaches students take in each of the seminar topics, and in a final group project.


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This course is an introduction to speaking, reading and writing Japanese; writing includes the learning of all syllabic letters (Hiragana and Katakana) and basic Kanji (Chinese characters). Class meets four times weekly. Individual language laboratory visits are also required.


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Students continue to develop the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills that will enable them to deal not only with topics of daily life, but also cultural themes and authentic materials. Class meets four times week.


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This course, which is comprised of speaking, reading and writing Japanese at the third-year level, are recommended for students seeking a concentration in Japanese language. Prerequisite: Japanese 232 or equivalent.


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In this two-course sequence students learn the basics of classical Latin. By studying the language's vocabulary, grammar and syntax, they not only gain appreciation for its intricacies and nuances but also learn more about their own language and about language in general. Completion of both semesters equips students to translate almost any classical Latin text with the aid of a dictionary. Offered annually.


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Third-semester Latin students have the opportunity to read large portions of two orations (First Catilinarian, Pro Caelio) by Cicero and selections from Catullus' poetry, in uncut, original versions, while reviewing vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Besides translating the Latin texts, the class discusses late Republican Rome and the stylistic features of the literature. Prerequisite: Latin 112 or equivalent. GE: FOL-L. Offered annually.


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Students translate selections from one or more genres of ancient Latin literature while exploring a specific topic or theme chosen by the instructor. Close study of the text is combined with discussion of broader literary, historical, and cultural questions. Sample topics: "Greek Myths Transformed in Latin Poetry," "Ancient Biographies of the Roman Emperors," "The Letter-Writing Tradition from Cicero to Augustine." Prerequisite: Latin 231 or equivalent. Offered every third year.


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Students learn principles of mathematical thinking by investigating a particular mathematical topic. Recent topics included dynamic geometry, mathematics of games and cryptology. Students investigate ideas through technical and non-technical reading and problem solving, introducing them to mathematical literature and exposition. Offered both semesters. The course is intended for all students .


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This course introduces differential and integral calculus of functions of a single real variable, including trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives and integrals are explored graphically, symbolically and numerically. Applications of the derivative are included. Prerequisite: Mathematics Placement Recommendation. Credit may be earned for either Mathematics 120 or 122, but not both.


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This continuation of Mathematics 120 concentrates on methods and applications of integration and infinite sequences and series. May also include elementary differential equations and multiple integrals. Prerequisite: Mathematics 119 or 120 or 122, or Mathematics Placement Recommendation. Credit may be earned for either Mathematics 126 or 128, but not both.


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This continuation of Mathematics 122 covers the material in Mathematics 126 in greater depth and includes supplementary material. Prerequisite: Mathematics 122, or Mathematics 119 or 120 and permission of the instructor, or Mathematics Placement Recommendation. Credit may be earned for either Mathematics 126 or 128, but not both.


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This course beautifully illustrates the nature of mathematics as a blend of technique, theory, abstraction and applications. The important problem of solving systems of linear equations leads to the algebra of matrices, determinants, vector spaces, bases and dimension, linear transformations and eigenvalues. Prerequisite: Mathematics 120, or 122.


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This course extends important ideas of single-variable calculus (derivatives, integrals, graphs, approximation, optimization, fundamental theorems, etc.) to higher-dimensional settings. These extensions make calculus tools far more powerful in modeling the (multi-dimensional) real world. Topics include partial derivatives, multiple integrals, transformations, Jacobians, line and surface integrals and the fundamental theorems of Green, Stokes and Gauss. Prerequisites: Mathematics 126 or 128, and 220. Offered both semesters.


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This course introduces differential equations and analytical, numerical and graphical techniques for their analysis. First and second order differential equations and linear systems will be studied. Applications will be selected from areas such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology and physics. Students will use computers extensively to calculate and visualize results. Prerequisite: Mathematics 126 or 128 and 220. Offered both semesters.


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Discrete (noncontinuous) mathematics has become increasingly important as more situations are investigated, represented and solved using computers (essentially discrete machines). Students will explore finite graphs, recurrence relations and combinatorial optimization using problem solving techniques and algorithm design strategies. Prerequisite: Mathematics 119, 120, or 122, or permission of the instructor. Offered alternate years.


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Students encounter the theory of calculus and tools for communicating ideas with technical accuracy and sophistication. The goal is mastery of the concepts (e.g., limit, continuity, derivatives and integrals) necessary to verify such important proofs as the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the continuity of the uniform limit of continuous functions and the Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem and their context in the theory of analysis. Prerequisite: Mathematics 126 or 128. Offered both semesters.


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Algebra is concerned with sets of objects and operations on these sets. In an axiomatic or abstract treatment one assumes basic properties and then deduces many other properties. Using this method we study structures known as groups, rings and fields. Prerequisite: Mathematics 220. Offered both semesters.


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This course is an introduction to the mathematics of randomness and games of chance. Topics include combinatorial analysis, elementary probability measures, conditional probability, random variables, special distributions, expectations, generating functions and limit theorems. Prerequisite: Mathematics 126 or 128. Offered both semesters.


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Complex analysis is, roughly speaking, the calculus of complex-valued functions of a complex variable. Familiar words and ideas from ordinary calculus (limit, derivative, integral, maximum and minimum, infinite series) reappear in the complex setting. Topics include complex mappings, derivatives and integrals; applications focus especially on the physical sciences. Recommended for mathematicians, physicists and engineers.


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This course is an introduction to topological spaces and their structure from point-set, differential and algebraic points-of-view. Topics may include separation axioms, compactness, connectedness, classification of surfaces, homology, fundamental group and others. Prerequisite: Math 244 or 252. Last offered in 2002-03 and alternate years.


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Students work intensively in a special topic of analytic character. Topics vary from year to year and are usually selected from real or complex analysis, differential geometry or probability theory. May be repeated if topics are different.


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This course focuses on four basic financial statements: the income statement, statement of retained earnings, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. Students learn how business events are recorded and represented on the financial statements and how to use the information to make sound economic judgments. Cases and current articles supplement traditional textbook readings and problems. This is a core course in the management studies concentration, offered each semester.


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This course provides an overview of the key issues which face arts administrators. Topics addressed include planning, budgeting, fund raising, marketing and human resource management as each relates to the unique setting of the arts. This course will be offered as a semester class in 2003-04 and 2004-05.


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This course emphasizes the use of information to make management decisions. Topics include cost and break-even analysis, budgeting and control, capital expenditures analysis and variance analysis. Computer spreadsheets and case studies are used extensively. Prerequisite: Management Studies 225. Offered each semester.


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This course introduces the key elements of marketing strategy: product development and management, pricing, promotion and distribution decisions. Case analysis and simulation exercises provide opportunities for applying concepts addressed in class. Upon completion of the course, students should be able to write a marketing plan if they are assigned this responsibility in their future careers. The course is offered each semester. Prerequisite: one of Economics 110-122 or consent of instructor.


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This course familiarizes the student with the major management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The study of management theory is linked with application exercises. Students begin to develop the management skills necessary in any organization, whether it be a for-profit or not-for-profit venture, a small business or a large corporation. This course is required for all students pursuing a management studies concentration. Prerequisite: one of Economics 110-122 or consent of instructor. Offered each semester.


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This course investigates accounting principles used to value assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Case studies illustrate the effect of alternative accounting methods on financial statements and highlight the need for financial reporting standards. Prerequisite: Management Studies 225. Offered Fall Semester.


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This introduction to making personal investment decisions provides a foundation for students seeking a career in the investment field. Although stocks and mutual funds are the primary focus, bonds, options and futures are also introduced. Topics include risk and return, security analysis, valuation theory and portfolio management. Students analyze historical data using a computer database and spreadsheet. Prerequisites: Management Studies 225, a statistics course, senior status or permission of the instructor. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students explore dictation and singing of intervals, rhythmic patterns, scales, tonal melodies and basic chord progressions. Keyboard activities include improvising accompaniments; playing scales, intervals, cadences and chord progressions; and accompanying melodies. With 113, this course forms the introduction to the music major. Offered Fall Semester.


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In this course, students explore the fundamentals of music, including the elements of pitch and rhythm, music notation, intervals, triads and inversions, seventh chords, scales, harmonic progression and basic principles of voice leading. With 111, this course forms the introductions to the music major. Offered Fall Semester.


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Designed to complement the music major's understanding of music theory through group instruction in beginning piano, this course emphasizes sight-playing, basic chord patterns and scales by using multi-key reading. Offered Fall Semester. Open to non-majors on a space-available basis only.


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Piano Class II continues the instruction begun in Music 161. Prerequisite: Music 161. Offered Spring Semester.


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Through group instruction, students encounter the fundamentals of singing and an introduction to song literature. Class performance is required. This course may be repeated once. Offered every semester.


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Intended primarily for music majors, this course introduces basic techniques for performance on all instruments of the percussion family, with an emphasis on the snare drum. Students also study instrument maintenance and minor repair. Offered Spring Semester.


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Intended primarily for music majors, this course introduces basic techniques for performance on the violin, viola, cell and string bass. Students are also introduced to instrument maintenance and minor repair. Offered Fall Semester.


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This course continues to develop the basic skills of sightsinging, dictation and keyboard taught in 111, Ear Training I, and 112, Ear Training II. Sightsinging includes melodies with chromatic pitches and modulation. Greater emphasis is placed on harmonic dictation and both keyboard and dictation exercises employ more complex harmonies. Prerequisites: Music 112 and 113. Offered Fall Semester.


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Continuing the theory sequence from 114, students explore Baroque counterpoint, Classical and Romantic styles and forms, advanced modulation techniques and chromatic harmony. The course also introduces musical acoustics and music technology. Prerequisites: Music 112 and 114. Offered Fall Semester.


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Intended for students in vocal music education, this course introduces fundamental characteristics of orchestral and band instruments, including orchestration, instrument ranges and transposition. Prerequisite: Music 114 and junior standing. Offered Fall Semester.


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Through this introduction to the practical fundamentals of orchestration, students learn about instrument ranges, nomenclature, proper notation, characteristics of orchestral and band instruments, transposition and scoring for various instrumental combinations including full orchestra, concert band and marching band. Prerequisite: Music 114 and junior standing. Recommended: Music 166, 167, 168, 169, or equivalent experience. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students are introduced to a number of compositional techniques and are given opportunities to create original works of music and hear them performed. The course also includes listening to important 20th-centry works and discussing current trends in music, the changing role of the composer in society and practical composition issues. Prerequisites: Music 112, 114, or permission of instructor. Generally offered every semester.


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An introduction to non-Western music, this course explores ethnically diverse performance practices and styles, ethnomusicological techniques for studying non-Western music and the relationship of music of various cultures to events important to those cultures. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students encounter the history and development of Western European music from the Middle Ages to ca. 1750 and study the genre and styles of music from monophonic chant to concerted music of he Baroque. Prerequisite: Music 114. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students learn conducting techniques for choral literature including rehearsal techniques, vocal preparation and auditioning and selecting voices. Course work includes observation of conductors on campus and in the community. Prerequisite: Music 251. Offered Fall Semester.


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This course is designed for music education students, who will learn to harmonize simple melodies by ear, transpose songs, sight-read music of moderate difficulty and read various kinds of musical scores. Students earning a grade of B or higher in Music 261 will meet the department's keyboard proficiency standards for music education. Offered both semesters.


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Students study and practice principles for signing in English and Italian with good pronunciation, enunciation and expression. Course content includes phonetic analysis using the International Phonetic Alphabet and identifying and exercising the phonemic features of English and Italian through class performances and listening assignments. Prerequisite: two semesters of voice lessons. Offered Fall Semester, 2004-05 and alternate years.


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Music 267 is a studio course focusing on advanced techniques of acting and singing for the musical stage with emphasis on opera. Students explore voice, movement, improvisation and characterization at an advanced level. They receive coaching in musical and dramatic style through solo and small ensemble literature and prepare scenes for class performance. May be repeated once. Prerequisites: Two semester of voice study and Theatre 131 (Acting for the Lyric Stage) or permission of instructor.


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Students study and perform chamber music repertoire for strings, winds, percussion and keyboard. Ensembles formed frequently include string quartets, woodwind quintets or brass quintets. Existing ensembles may enroll, or new groups may be formed. This course requires regular and frequent rehearsals, coaching sessions with faculty and recital performances. May be repeated. Students may earn up to one course credit, but only 0.25 per semester. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Offered every semester.


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Students develop more advanced technique in writing for instruments and voice through individual study in creative composition, focusing on smaller ensembles. This course may be repeated. Prerequisite: Music 223. Generally offered every semester.


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This course continues the study in creative composition begun in 223 and 324 and includes writing for large ensembles. This course may be repeated. Prerequisite: Music 221, 223, 324, and permission of instructor. Generally offered every semester.


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This course offers an in-depth study of the music literature of the 20th century (ca. 1890-present). Prerequisite: Music 241, 242. Offered in alternate years.


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Students encounter in-depth studies in a specific topic or area of music history. The content and nature of this course are determined by the instructor and the department. Sample topics include American music, studies in classical music, opera and folk and pop in art music. May be repeated if topics are different. Prerequisite: Music 241, 242. Offered every semester.


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Students study advanced baton techniques, including meter changes, asymmetrical meters, advanced fermata situations, pattern variety, melds and 20th-century demands (including the contemporary score and aleatoric music), Students also study the art of programming, score preparation, score reading, score interpretation, memorization, handling different stylistic traditions and conducting recitative. Students practice conducting an ensemble and observe rehearsals on and off campus. Prerequisite: Music 252 or 253 and permission of instructor. Offered Fall Semester.


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This course introduces a systematic pedagogical approach to the study of voice production for use in the studio or classroom. Students examine basic voice physiology, the healthy use and care of the voice, voice problems and appropriate vocal literature. Prerequisite: three semesters of voice lessons, one of which may be voice class, or permission of instructor. Offered every Fall Semester.


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This course introduces the principles of vocal pedagogy applied to the child and adolescent voice with an emphasis on understanding the developing voice and establishing good vocal habits with appropriate techniques and literature. Prerequisite: Music 251, completion of one semester of voice or voice class and junior standing, or permission of instructor. Generally offered every semester.


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Students study the role of music in worship with an emphasis on strategies for developing music groups, including handbells and Orff instruments, in worship and church education. Prerequisite: Music 214 or permission of instructor. Offered Fall Semester, 2004-05, and alternate years.


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Proficiency in a second language opens the door to another culture and another way of viewing the world. This course starts students on the road to achieving such a proficiency. Students begin learning to speak, understand, read and write Norwegian and learn about Norwegian culture through the language.


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Students improve proficiency in listening, speaking, reading and writing, with an emphasis on communication as well as improved grammatical accuracy. Reading and discussion of authentic literary and cultural texts allow students to expand their vocabulary and knowledge of the Norwegian way of life. Prerequisite: Norwegian 112, or equivalent.


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Students gain insight into Norwegian identity and culture, expand vocabulary and improve fluency and grammatical accuracy by reading a variety of texts and writing essays. Speaking assignments help students understand readings and become more effective speakers. Prerequisite: Norwegian 232, or equivalent.


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A study of Norwegian literature from the Saga period through Ibsen, this chronological overview examines literary developments in the context of historical, cultural and linguistic change. Readings, lectures, essays and class discussion are in Norwegian. Prerequisite: Norwegian 253, or equivalent.


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This course focuses on critical issues in contemporary health care. Topics include principles of wellness, health promotion, interpersonal communication, cultural competency, and ethical, legal, political, and economic aspects of the health care system in the United States. Students have the opportunity to explore health care issues, such as interpersonal violence, genomics, bio-terrorism, and global health problems. Prerequisites: Non-Nursing majors: FYW; Nursing majors: all Nursing prerequisites.


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This course explores the foundational and philosophical concepts of the discipline of nursing. Topics include the history and image of nursing, scope of practice and professional roles, research, and lifelong learning. Students will develop the ability to assess an individual's state of health from a holistic perspective, using Neuman's Systems Model as a theoretical framework. Emphasis is on the use of critical thinking and evidence based practice. Taken concurrently with Nursing 302, 306, and 308.


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Classroom and laboratory experiences in nursing and health assessment skills develop the student's ability to provide nursing care. Opportunities to apply knowledge from the liberal arts and nursing theory to simulated patient care situations are provided. Individual practice sessions in the nursing laboratory are expected. Performance testing determines readiness for the role of caregiver in a variety of clinical settings. Taken concurrently with Nursing 302, 304, and 308.


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This course focuses on principles of pharmacology and care of the hospitalized adult. Topics include pain management, sleep and rest, and sensory perceptual alterations. Students will apply the nursing process to the care of adults, with emphasis on the elderly. Using a holistic perspective, students will collect and analyze information related to an individual's health status. Students will begin to develop the professional role of caregiver and patient advocate. Taken concurrently with Nursing 302, 304, and 306.


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This course explores the childbearing process in healthy and high-risk families. Clinical experiences are provided with families during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and following birth. Clinical settings include hospital birth centers, clinics, and home care agencies. Students develop the role of educator by working with parents to integrate and care for a new member of the family system. Prerequisite: Nursing 336.


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This course emphasizes the health of communities and populations. Topics include population-based health issues such as environmental health, epidemiology, and communicable disease. Students will assess and screen individuals and families within communities, address identified needs and educate populations across the lifespan, collaborate with other health care professionals, make referrals, and participate in health promotion clinics. Clinical experiences occur in rural public health agencies and community-based programs. Prerequisite: Nursing 336.


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This course presents an introduction/review of beginning golf skills, rules and strategies. The course is not intended for the experienced golfer. Equipment available. Lab fee.


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Students learn the fundamental skills, rule, techniques, and strategies associated with the sport of Ultimate Frisbee.


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This is an aerobic-based course utilizing swimming and water excersise. Prerequisite: Be able to swim 300 yards.


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Students personally apply the basic principles of exercise through conditioning, strength development, endurance training and aerobic activities. Students participate in a wide rang of eassessments designed to enhance physical fitness.


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Students learn the principles of training, basic techniques and safety procedures. Students develop and implement a personal training plan during the course.


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This course offers instruction in basic strokes, history, rules, etiquette and terminology of racquet sports (tennis, racquetball, badminton, pickleball, table tennis). Students participate in a wide range of assessments designed to enhance physical fitness (strength, endurance, nutrition, flexibility, body composition, stress).


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This course offers instruction/review of fundamental skills, rules and etiquette of badminton. Students focus on basic strategy in games playing.


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This course offers instruction/review of basic strokes, history, rules, etiquette and terminology of tennis. Students learn basic competition strategies in singles and doubles match play.


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This course is for students who can already serve, score, play the net and know basic singles and doubles strategy. Prerequisite: Physical Education 157, or permission of instructor.


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This course introduces students to the areas of sport psychology, sport administration, sport physiology and sport pedagogy and serves as a foundation to the series of courses required for coaching certification. Successful completion of the course may include certification in the American Sport Education Program (ASEP).


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Students will examine the conceptual framework for ethical decision making using sports as a prism to examine normative perspectives. Varied ethical perspectives will be analyzed throughconflicts presented in sports-related questions. Course readings and lectures will examine the theoretical constructs of ethical decision making from Christian and non-Christian positions.


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This course involves practice and game observation and a practicum in coaching a sport. Students are involved in practice planning and drill work, game preparation and administration, as well as game rules and coaching strategies. This course applies toward the coaching sequence only. Prerequisite: Physical Education 238 and permission of instructor.


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This course offers a basic study in motor skill acquisition and motor control. Topics include methods of assessment, evaluation and research in the areas of motor learning and control, the learning environment and discussion of factors that influence the acquisition and performance of motor skills. Prerequisite: Psychology 121.


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Students analyze mechanical principles in depth as they affect human motion. Topics include study of muscular and skeletal systems, skill analysis and motion measurement techniques. The course includes a laboratory component. Prerequisite: Biology 123 or consent of instructor.


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The prerequisite for this class is the completion of the requirements in the exercise science major. Students may be co-registered for the capstrone course and their final core course inthe major. Presentations by the faculty of the Department of Physical Education and other experts will build upon material presented in the introductory and core courses and introduce students to advanced topics in exercise science. Students conduct semester-long research on a topic and present their findings in the form of a research paper or portfolio.


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An examination of the development of historically significant conceptions of reality and knowledge. In order to see the historical contribution of philosophy to the self-understanding of Western culture, students study major philosophers from ancient, medieval, and modern Western philosophy, focusing on the ways they have related their explanations of the universe to their conceptions of meaningful human life. Some sections offer a survey of Western philosophy while others stress intensive study of central figures and works. Consult departmental prospectus for details. Open to first-year students and sophomores only.


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This seminar introduces students to the discipline of philosophy by focusing on psychological issues related to moral behavior. Students study those states of mind and character that are thought to constitute moral (or evil) character and produce moral (or evil) actions, relationships and societies. Guilt, shame, humility, self-respect; sympathy, compassion, caring, anger; truthfulness, courage, self-knowledge: what are these states? And what influence does their presence or absence have on human relationships and society?


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This course surveys the origins and development of Western Philosophy from the pre-Socratics to some Medieval attempts to synthesize the Greek philosophical tradition and the Judeo-Christian religious heritage. Students encounter pre-Socratics, Plato, Aristotle, Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics, Plotinus, Augustine, Anselm and Aquinas, usually through primary texts.


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Students consider the philosophical assumptions and implications of the core commitments of Christian theism, compare and assess competing philosophical interpretations of Christian doctrines about the existence and nature of God, the doctrines of the trinity and incarnation, human free will and responsibility, revelation and reason, religious experience, the problem of evil, life after death and religious pluralism.


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Students examine concepts fundamental to the practice of natural science such as scientific method, theory, objectivity, observation, confirmation and explanation. Students engage political or civic controversies that turn on the scientific status of particular practices in order to articulate an understanding of scientific practice necessary for the informed citizen. Such controversies include creationism, global warming and repressed memory syndrome.


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This course surveys the influential philosophical traditions of India and China. Students explore the traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Confucianism and Taoism and consider other traditions with which they have interacted. Where appropriate, comparisons are drawn to Western philosophical traditions.


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Students examine main Western ethical perspectives and how they apply to selected contemporary moral concerns. Theoretical issues include rights, duties, virtue, hedonism, egoism, the good life, ethics and theology, the fact-value distinction, relativism and pluralism. Students discuss current topics such as economic justice, death, friendship, animal rights, censorship, racism, privacy, reproductive ethics and environmental ethics.


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Students identify moral questions the state should answer in order to govern well and then consider a broad historical range of answers. Topics include natural law and natural rights, the rise of liberalism, the relation between liberalism and moral scepticism, contemporary critiques of liberalism, the rise of legal positivism, the privatization of moral and religious values and the conflict between individual rights and the common good.


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Students explore contemporary approaches to classical issues in theory of knowledge that include: the nature and limits of knowledge; foundationalist and holist conceptions of justification; conceptions of truth; relativism and skepticism; and knowledge in the sciences, mathematics, history, ethics and religion. Specific issues discussed vary year to year. Prerequisite: two courses in philosophy, one of which must be either 235 or 236, or permission of the department chair. Offered 2002-03 and every two years.


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Students participate in intensive discussion of a philosophical topic selected from areas such as philosophy of religion, philosophy of science, philosophy of language, aesthetics, social and political philosophy and feminism, with emphasis on contemporary approaches. Prerequisite: two courses in philosophy, one of which must be either 235 or 236, or permission of the department chair. Offered every two or three years.


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A basic introduction to astronomy, this course concentrates on How do we know what we know? Students explore questions such as How do we measure the distance to a star? and How do we know the universe is expanding? In addition to studying the solar system, stars, black holes, galaxies and the history of the universe, students engage in rooftop viewing using the department's telescopes. Prerequisite: proficiency in algebra and geometry. Currently offered both semesters.


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This course considers a variety of topics in earth and environmental science. Beginning with the origin of the earth and planetary system, the course examines crustal evolution and plate tectonics, geologic resources and hazards and the relationship of these surface phenomena to processes occurring in the earth's interior. It concludes with a study of the oceans, the atmosphere, the earth's climate system and environmental change. Prerequisite: proficiency in algebra and geometry. Offered Fall Semester.


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This two-semester in-depth course addresses topics in classical and modern physics using algebra, geometry and some calculus. The course is well-suited for students of biology or chemistry or for those desiring a thorough introduction beyond the high-school level.


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This three-semester calculus-based sequence leads the student through the quarter millennium of the basic principles that account for the processes involved in baseballs, car engines, electrical power distribution systems, stereos and black holes. It is the starting point for a major in physics and is also appropriate for majors in fields such as chemistry or mathematics who desire more mathematical depth than would be used in the two-semester 124-125 sequence.


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This course is an analytical study of Newtonian mechanics, including the harmonic oscillator, central force motion, non-linear oscillators, chaos and an introduction to the Lagrangian formulation. Students use computers extensively. Prerequisites: Physics 127, Mathematics 230, and concurrent registration in Physics 384. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students analytically investigate Quantum Theory, in which a particle's behavior is described through a statistically-interpreted wave function rather than through the concepts of Newtonian mechanics. Topics include an examination of the conceptual framework, solution of the Schrodinger Equation for systems such as the harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom and approximation methods for treating more complex systems and the interaction of radiation with matter. Prerequisites: Physics 244 and 374, and concurrent registration in Physics 386. Offered Fall Semester.


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Experiments are selected from the areas of physics covered by Physics 374, 375 and 376 respectively. Emphasis is on the development of good laboratory techniques and the ability to work independently. Each 0.25-course registration will average one afternoon of work each week.


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The promise of American politics is the equal freedom of all. How does practice match principles? What roles do class and race play? Do interest groups and political parties foster democracy? This course is designed not only to help students understand American government and politics but also to motivate them to be active and informed participants.


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Why do some societies have democratic political systems and others authoritarian ones? What is democracy? Is it the norm or the exception? The course provides a foundation for the understanding of contemporary political regimes. It applies the major concepts of comparative analysis to the political systems of Western and non-Western societies.


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War and peace, justice and power -- these are age-old topics of the politics among nations. This course examines them by emphasizing certain problem areas in the world and evaluating the principal theories for understanding international politics. Offered both semesters.


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This course explores the diverse modes of inquiry in the discipline of political science. Broadly centered around the question, How do you know?, students will focus on different methods of locating and collecting data, reviewing political texts and contested concepts and constructing theoretical explanations of political phenomena. Prerequisite: one previous course in department.


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Political parties have traditionally served to organize the American electoral process but not to govern. Is their role changing? This course examines party organization, candidate recruitment, campaign strategies, the role of the media, election financing and citizen participation. Offered in 2002-03 and alternate years.


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Often controversial, U.S.-Latin American relations occupy a special place in the foreign policy of the United States. Students compare differing views of political issues of importance to both regions and explore the emergence of U.S. power, interventionism, cooperation, revolution, collective security, the transition to democracy and the influence of economic factors on the relationship between Latin America and the U.S. Offered in alternate years.


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Machiavelli founded modern political philosophy by asking How does the ruler acquire power? This course explores how modern political thinkers answered this question by changing the grounds of authority from religious and philosophical foundations to rational ones. Texts include Machiavelli's Prince and Hobbes's Leviathan, Locke's Second Treatise, Rousseau's Social Contract, Marx's Communist Manifesto, and Nietzsche's Use and Abuse of History.


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Students examine ethical issues related to family life in the United States. Topics include the nature and purpose of the family; a history of family structures and values; the family as a school of justice; and the relationship between the family and the state. Students explore a variety of theological and philosophical traditions, on such issues as marriage and divorce, contraception and abortion, parenting practices, and public policy.


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Internships in the major are available in a wide variety of public and private institutions including the state legislature, lobbying agencies, law firms, media organizations, corporate public affairs and executive agencies.


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The course introduces core questions, concepts and theories of international relations. Topics will vary, ranging from persistent problems and enduring themes in global relations to prominent questions confronting scholars of international relations. The course highlights methods and practices of political science research, and includes a major research project. Prerequisites: Political Science 220 and one other course in international relations. Offered annually.


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This course focuses on key mechanisms used in attempts to transfer, institutionalize and consolidate political power in Latin America, specifically: revolution and armed revolt, the creation of authoritarian and military regimes, transitions to democracy and creation of new economic structures. Using theory, historical fictional and factual accounts, students look for the human ramifications of these dramatic changes as well as exploring their nature and origins. Prerequisites: Political Science 112 and a course on Latin America. Offered periodically.


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This is an advanced course in the area of political thought. The topic, either a detailed study of major works or themes in political philosophy, will vary with each offering. Prerequisite: Political Science 220 and one other course in political thought.


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Students with ideas for internships are encouraged to approach instructors within the department in order to arrange supervision for credit. For Level III credit students must have successfully completed a Level II internship in the same area.


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Students who have taken five political science courses, one of which is in the area of the proposed research, may propose an independent research project to a member of the departmental faculty.


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This course examines the basic principles and methods of psychological science from an evolutionary and cultural perspective. Students use critical thinking skills to examine fascinating topics: dreaming, cultural influences, identity, learning, thinking and the biology of behavior. Applying basic research methods, students act as skeptical scientists. This course applies to almost any career choice in today's world and provides insight into self and others. GE: NST, HBS. Offered every semester.


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Students engage in hands-on laboratory experiments to (1) understand the experimental basis of current scientific theory in psychology; and (2) develop proficiency in using equipment, testing hypotheses, collecting data and interpreting results. Phenomena selected for these introductory investigations are robust, central to introductory psychology, of interest to students and relevant to psychological research. Prerequisite/corequisite: Psychology . GE: NSL . Offered each semester.


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This course prepares the student with tools for understanding how research studies in psychology are conceptualized, designed, carried out, interpreted, and disseminated to the public. Use of library and Internet resources, ethical guidelines in the conduct of research and the skills of good scientific writing will be emphasized. Students work independently and in small groups to design and conduct their own research projects. Prerequisites: Psychology 125, Statistics 110, 212, or 263. Offered every semester.


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This course offers the opportunity to study our senses and sensibilities -- sensations of cold, tenderness and pain, perceptions of movement, pitch, symmetry and color. Students participate actively in psychophysical, physiological and perceptual laboratories and classes on vision, audition, somesthesis and the chemical senses. Laboratory and other independent work is required. Students attend three hours lecture and three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. GE: NST, NSL. Offered every year.


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How do psychologists characterize the most basic aspects of the learning process? While some emphasis will be on analysis of the behavioral viewpoint (Pavlov, Skinner), students will also examine approaches to how we learn which have grown out of recent cognitive and ecological (evolutionary) perspectives in psychology. The course includes lecture and laboratory work with nonhuman animals. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. GE: NST, NSL. Offered every year.


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The student is introduced to the study of relationships between the brain and behavior which lie at the heart of modern neuroscience. Study of the brain and behavior from anatomical, physiological and biochemical perspectives will focus on neural factors which contribute to basic behavioral processes including sensation, movement, emotion, sleep and arousal, motivation, learning and behavior abnormalities. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. GE: NST. Offered every semester.


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This course will help students better understand the development of themselves and others from the moment of conception and across the life span. The course focuses on the biological and environmental factors that shape human development. Major changes in physical, cognitive, personality and social development are discussed. Teaching methods include lecture, discussions, individual and small-group projects. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. Offered both semesters.


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When and why should certain experiences or patterns of behavior be considered psychologically abnormal? Students will investigate a wide array of psychological disorders, including anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders and schizophrenia. We will examine models used to conceptualize abnormal behavior, as well as current evidence and theories regarding the etiology and treatment of these important and sometimes devastating disorders. Not open to first-year students. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. Offered each semester.


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Students will examine theories of normal personality development in an effort to understand the factors that shape personality. Is personality biologically determined? Is it a result of interpersonal experiences, learning and reinforcement? Are other factors involved as well? We will investigate prominent personality theories of this century and their conceptualizations of this fundamental aspect of human experience. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. Offered every year.


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This opportunity to investigate in-depth a topic of interest, typically culminating in a library research-based paper, is strongly recommended as preparation for Psychology 398 and at least three courses in the department and permission of the instructor. Prerequisite: Psychology 125; Psychology 231 is strongly recommended. Offered each semester.


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This seminar explores current research and theory as well as practices and policies regarding child development from birth to age three. Students learn about prenatal development, birth and the newborn, physical development, the infant-caregiver relationship, infant cognition, and language development. Students also consider evidence about childcare, early intervention, and the influence of media and interactive toys designed for very young children. Cross-cultural comparisons highlight issues of diversity. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. Psychology 241 is strongly recommended.


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This course examines several major theoretical perspectives on psychotherapy. Students review empirically supported treatments for specific clinical disorders, as well as "nonspecific" factors that affect the therapeutic process. Students explore ethical and legal challenges related to psychotherapy delivery, as well as multicultural and other diversity issues. Course format is primarily discussion-based. This course is only open to juniors and seniors and is offered every year. Prerequisite: Psychology 264 or 271.


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Issues courses allow in-depth study of particular themes or topics in psychology. Students get below the surface of broad textbook summaries and introductory material. Past seminars have included: linguistics, personal narrative and lifestory, addictions, women and madness, integrative therapies and the biopsychology of mental disorders. Prerequisite: Psychology 125. Specific topics are announced each year. Different topics may be repeated for credit. Offered each semester.


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This course introduces first-year students to the dialogue between the Biblical tradition and the cultures and communities related to it. Students study the Biblical storyline, major Biblical texts and their interaction with (e.g.) theology, religious practice, ethics and social values, while considering methods and fields in the study of religion in a liberal arts setting. An additional prospectus describes the theme of each section.


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This course introduces students to Christian theology, provides an overview of central Christian beliefs (e.g., about God, Christ, creation, salvation, sin, faith, the church) and critically examines their origins, meaning, coherence and contemporary validity. How should Christians understand themselves and the world in light of the God made known in Jesus Christ?


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This course introduces the central matters for argument in Christian theology -- God and Christ -- through close reading and critical analysis of selected classic (pre-1700) and modern theological texts. We will focus on the reasons supporting classic Christian beliefs about God, Christ and related topics and on the modern theological criticism of those beliefs. Is it still possible to be a Christian in the beginning of the 21st century?


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Examining essential Christian beliefs with special attention to their implications for the moral life, students in this course will analyze the meaning and truth of Christian symbols and claims about God, Christ, creation, fall, providence, redemption, etc., and explore their bearing upon ethical perspectives and principles, moral character and community and societal institutions and practices. Readings include classical and contemporary Christian theological sources.


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Students examine traditional Christian doctrines in light of feminist critiques and reformulations. The course focuses especially upon language and images of God, the person of Christ and the work of redemption and understandings of human nature. Students evaluate arguments for and against the compatibility of Christianity and feminism.


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This course offers an overview of the development of Christian thought and practice in the ancient, medieval and modern periods and analyzes the way Christian beliefs have evolved in response to changing historical situations. Special consideration is given to how different theological perspectives have influenced the activities of religious communities and lives of notable individuals.


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Why does human life involve suffering? If God is omnipotent and good, why does evil exist? Is God responsible, or can all evil -- and the suffering that accompanies it -- be explained by sin or human frailty. Students will explore some of the ways that Christian theology had attempted to respond to these questions, and they will also examine challenges to the Christian perspective.


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The themes of this introduction to major religious traditions including Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam vary from semester to semester; possible topics include sacred texts, religious experience, images of the divine and the understanding of death and afterlife.


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This survey of the historical, cultural and theological developments within Judaism pays special attention to major periods in Jewish life and thought, as well as to contemporary Judaism. Students also consider related issues, such as anti-Semitism, religious pluralism and Jewish-Christian dialogue.


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This course examines the faith of Israel in the God of the covenant and how the covenant faith was shaped in the community of Israel and expressed in its literature.


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Students explore the religious significance of selected works of literature and examine how literary plot, character, symbolism and theme raise religious questions, reveal ethical concerns and imply theological convictions.


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This course examines theological and ethical aspects of Christian social responsibility. It examines the meaning and normative import of Christian faith for justice and love in relational spheres (politics, economics, marriage and family, gender relations). It also explores the ethical implications of central Christian doctrines (vocation, sin, grace, two kingdoms, creation). Issues raised include civil disobedience, use of lethal force, distributive justice, love and self-sacrifice, and gender roles. Prerequisite: a BTS-T course.


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This course offers a critical analysis of the development of Christian thought in the modern period, 17th century to 1970. Students pay special attention to the rise of modern historical and philosophical outlooks which challenge traditional Christian claims and to the appropriation and criticism of these outlooks in modern theology. Students read from Edwards, Schleiermacher, Barth, Bultmann and others.


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This course offers an introduction to grammar and reading through oral and written work, supplemented by reading of graded Russian prose.


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Students continue their grammar, oral and written work with an emphasis on conversation and reading selections from classical and contemporary Russian authors.


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This course facilitates oral and written use of the language through conversation and composition, English to Russian translation, selections from Russian literature, and original themes. Prerequisite: Russian 232 or special permission of the instructor.


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This course helps students explore the connections between society and their own lives. Students answer challenging questions such as Do we have a &human nature'?, Why does social inequality exist?, What is race?, and How do societies change? In answering these questions students will learn to develop a sociological imagination. In doing so they will review the various research methods and theories that form the sociological tradition. Offered Fall and Spring Semesters.


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How do anthropologists study other cultures? Peoples around the world create different realities through the ways they conceptualize experience (cultures) and how they organize themselves to do what they need to do (societies). Anthropologists describe and compare cultures and societies, focusing on different aspects such as family and kinship, inequality and power, religion and values, economy and technology, cultural and social change. Offered Fall and Spring Semesters.


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What do self-determination and cultural identity mean for Native American peoples today? Students examine the impact of colonization on Native American peoples, including federal policies, treaty rights and sovereignty. Issues include economy and politics on reservations, family and gender roles, orality and literacy, persistence and revitalization of religious life and culture, urban life and recent social movements and organizations. Offered Fall or Spring Semester.


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This class investigates death-related behavior from an American and cross-cultural structural perspective, seeking to understand patterns of social interaction surrounding and giving meaning to dying, death and bereavement. Topics include: death meanings and anxiety, religion and death-related customs, the dying process, hospice as a social movement, biomedical issues, the funeral industry and death rituals and the social understanding of the bereavement process. Offered Fall or Spring Semester.


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This course provides a social science understanding of the "contemporary American family" and analysis of marriage and family issues from a cross-cultural perspective. Students discuss issues of dating and mate selection, marital and parent-child relationships over the family life cycle, gender issues, work and family roles and problem-related issues affecting families (divorce, violence and death) caused by rapid changes in society. Offered Fall and Spring Semester.


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This course compares gender patterns and issues in various cultures around the world, such as Latin America, the Middle East, India, the U.S. and East Asia. How do cultural expectations for women and men vary? Why do some societies have more gender equality than others? How do economic and political change, including globalization, impact gender roles? How do U.S. and Third World feminism compare? Offered Fall Semester.


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Approaching the world as a global village, the course will focus on the development of the world as an interdependent entity, the relationship between the developed and developing world, alternative explanations for planned social change and new institutions for this international world. Some global challenges such as the information revolution, population, the status of women and migration will be analyzed to illustrate this interdependence. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students explore the continuing significance of color, class and immigration in the U.S., with a focus on the experiences and concerns of African-Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics/Latinos and Asian-Americans. The course examines the nature and functions of prejudice; the relationship among race, class and gender; the persistence of racism and inequality; and social policies and social movements intended to create greater social justice. Offered Fall Semester.


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This course examines and analyzes religious beliefs, meanings, rituals and organizational patterns from an empirical perspective. Students study the social organization and functions of religion, the process of secularization in society, the practice and function of civil religion, religious conversion and defection and sectarian religious movements. Offered Fall or Spring Semester.


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This course introduces students to anthropological theory and the culture of the discipline itself. We will examine anthropology's formation during the Industrial Revolution and the Age of Empire, which called for new explanations of human differences and gave new significance to the nature and meaning of culture. We will explore the method of participant observation research, the question of whether anthropology is a science, the problem of representing one culture to another and the changing nature of ethnographic writing.


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Students are given the skills necessary to critically evaluate and conduct quantitative research. Students learn the underlying theoretical assumptions and orientations of quantitative research, including research design, sampling techniques, strategies for data collection and approaches to analysis. Students gain practice in data analysis using SPSS and learn firsthand the steps toward conceptualizing a research project by preparing an original research proposal. Offered Fall Semester.


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Students expand their skills by continuing to listen, speak, read and write on such topics as the concept of time, leisure activities and culinary traditions in North American and Hispanic cultures and to work in the Language Lab. Prerequisite: Spanish 111 or placement. Offered Fall and Spring Semesters and in Interim.


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Students expand their skills by continuing to listen, speak, read and write on such topics as the concept of time, leisure activities and culinary traditions in North American and Hispanic cultures and to work in the Language Lab. Prerequisite: Spanish 111 or placement. Offered Fall and Spring Semesters and in January Term.


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Through exploring the geographic and human diversity of the Spanish-speaking world, students develop increasingly complex skills for analyzing and communicating in Spanish. They study such essential dimensions of that world as: (1) geography and development; (2) environmental challenges and solutions; (3) population and demographic changes and challenges; and (4) ethnic diversity. Prerequisite: Spanish 112 or placement. Offered Fall and Spring Semesters.


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Students explore the diverse histories, circumstances and contributions of Latinos in the U.S. by reading essays, news accounts, short fiction and autobiographies, viewing videos and live TV broadcasts, listening to music and so forth. They consolidate their language skills and continue to develop their ability to analyze and communicate in Spanish by writing compositions, making oral presentations and engaging in other interactive group activities. They also review the Spanish verb system and other structures commonly difficult for speakers of English. Prerequisite: Spanish 231 or placement.


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Students explore the topic of family and society in the Spanish-speaking world. They develop critical reading skills by analyzing literary and non-literary texts, including at least one substantive literary work. Students develop skills in descriptive, narrative, expository, and argumentative forms of writing. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: Spanish 232 or placement into Spanish 250.


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Students examine the diverse elements that have shaped Latin American culture through an exploration of political, social, economic, religious, and artistic topics. They develop skills in critical analysis through reading, discussion, and written and/or oral projects. The course features the study of selected literary and non-literary texts, including at least one substantive literary work. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: Spanish 250.


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Introduces students to literary terminology and to principles of literary analysis across genres, including poetry, short stories, theater, and novel, by examining literary works in their socio-historical context. In different semesters, the focus may be literature of the Mexican Revolution, urban and rural life, or other topics chosen by the instructor. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: Spanish 250.


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Students explore the processes involved in the acquisition of Spanish as a first and second language and the variation present in the language of both native and non-native speakers of Spanish from Spain, Latin America, and the U.S. It features the study of Hispanic linguistics, with special attention paid to the socio-cultural contexts in which it is used as well as its structural aspects. Includes the study of at least one substantive literary work and a pronunciation lab. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: Spanish 250.


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Students explore one or more periods, genres, or topics in Spanish literature, from its beginnings to the 21st century. They analyze selected literary works within their socio-historical and cultural contexts and in reference to pertinent critical or theoretical issues. Sample topics include: Sin and the Church in Medieval Literature; The Stage as Political Propaganda in Imperial Spain; Federico Garcia Lorca; Voices of the Oppressed. Students may register more than once provided a different topic is offered. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: Spanish 275.


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Explores a topic pertinent to more than one geographic area of the Spanish-speaking world (Spain, Latin America, and the Hispanic U.S.). Students focus on comparative analysis through reading, discussion, and writing in Spanish. Sample topics include: Dictatorship and Literature; Patterns of Colonialism; Language and Identity; and Human Rights and Social Justice. Students may register more than once provided a different topic is offered. Includes the study of at least one substantive literary work. Taught in Spanish. Prerequisite: Spanish 250 and at least one 270-level course.


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This course is an introduction to basic concepts in statistics in the spirit of the liberal arts. Students will learn practical applications, and the language and reasoning involved in analyzing behavioral and health science data. Topics include central tendency, dispersion, probability, random variables, binomial and normal distributions, estimation and hypothesis testing, contingency tables, analysis of variance, and correlation. Computer applications are integrated throughout. Not recommended for students who have successfully completed a term of calculus.


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A first course in statistical methods for scientists, this course addresses issues for proposing/designing an experiment, as well as exploratory and inferential techniques for analyzing and modeling scientific data. Topics include probability models, exploratory graphics, descriptive techniques, statistical designs, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, Bayesian inference, simple/multiple regression, and methods for censored data. Prerequisite: Mathematics 119 or 120 or 122 and an introductory science course.


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This course emphasizes skills necessary to understand and analyze data. Topics include descriptive statistics, probability, and random variables, sampling theory, estimation, and classical hypothesis testing, practical and theoretical understanding of simple and multiple regression analysis. Applications to economics and business problems use real data, realistic applications, and Minitab for Windows. Written reports link statistical theory and practice with communication of results. Prerequisite: Mathematics 119, 120, 122 and one of Economics 110-122, or consent of the instructor. Offered each semester.


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Students study the progression of the U.S. social welfare system from English Poor Laws, the Social Security Act and the Contract with America to the 1996 reforms and how its components (public, private, church-related) interrelate to serve diverse populations in cities and small towns. The development of social work, its underlying values and ideology and its relationship to social welfare are included. Students volunteer 20 hours. Offered Fall Semester.


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Humans relate to one another in couples, families, groups, organizations and communities. Through the lens of social systems theory, ethics and a strengths perspective, social work majors apply prerequisite and advanced theoretical research material from biology, sociology and psychology to assess situations encountered by social workers. Diverse examples are drawn from novels -- Joy Luck Club, The Color of Water, A Poison Stronger than Love -- and from students' autobiographies. Prerequisites: Sociology 121 or 126, Psychology 241, and Biology 123 or 243; open to non-majors by permission of program director only. Offered Fall Semester.


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Social work majors study the "how-to" of social work practice, particularly oral communication. They describe strengths, as well as problems, of diverse individuals, families and small groups; frame goals and plans for change utilizing the problem-solving method and the systems perspective; and use ethical decision-making, informed by the scientific method, grounded in the liberal arts and concerned with social justice. Students demonstrate learning in videotaped role playing. Prerequisites: Social Work 221 and concurrent enrollment in Social Work 246. GE: ORC. Offered Fall Semester.


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This course immediately precedes the Field Practicum (Social Work 380); in it, majors integrate principles and skills of assessment and planning, develop and implement strategies of ethical intervention with diverse clients with an emphasis on groups and refine skills of termination, evaluation and documentation. Students apply evaluation methods to diverse practice situations, articulate implications of social policy for their practice and demonstrate learning in videotaped role playing. Prerequisite: Social Work 261. Offered in September each year, for majors only.


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In this real world experience, social work majors complete at least 400 hours in a rural or urban agency with structured learning about generalist practice with individuals, families, groups, organizations and communities from diverse backgrounds. Students engage in professional responsibilities with careful guidance and supervision from the field instructor and the field coordinator. Students periodically attend a seminar to integrate classroom learning, share experiences and obtain support. Prerequisite: Majors who have satisfactorily completed all foundation and required courses with numbers below 380. Offered Fall Semester.


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A broad-based introduction to the art and craft of theater, this course focuses on the roles of actor, director, playwright and designer, as well as aspects of theater history and works of great dramatic literature. Students attend performances on campus and in the Twin Cities and integrate them with readings, lectures, and discussions. A ticket fee is required. Offered every year.


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This studio course is designed as an overview of the acting process for the non-major: basic acting theories, rehearsal techniques, improvisation, history and styles. Students explore and practice exercises, scene work and audition material. The course requires trips to professional theaters in the Twin Cities. A ticket fee is required. No prerequisites. This course does not fulfill the acting requirement for the major. Offered annually.


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This studio course is centered on training the actor's instrument and developing basic acting skills including characterization, vocal production, physical and emotional connection, motivation and ensemble work. Exercises, improvisation, monologue and scene work will all be explored. This course requires trips to professional theaters in the Twin Cities.A ticket fee is required. Offered each term.


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This course focuses on the practices, techniques and materials used in the production of scenic and costume elements for stage performance. Students work on course projects in costume production, scenery production, visual research and computer-aided design. A course fee is required. Open to majors and non-majors. No prerequisite required. Offered once a year.


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This course focuses on training the speaking voice, with an emphasis on clarity and flexibility of voice usage. Students will learn how to use the phonetic alphabet to improve their speech. Offered Fall semester only.


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A studio course for the student with previous acting experience. Through scene and monologue work students explore text and character analysis as well as the requirements of major theatrical period styles. Students perform regularly throughout the semester. Prerequisites: Theatre 110 and 130. Offered Fall Semester only.


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This studio course focuses on the fundamentals of stage direction. Students develop skills of play selection, audience analysis, text interpretation, working with actors (including improvisational and technical approaches to voice and movement), stage picturization and blocking, design considerations, and the process of casting and rehearsals. A series of scenes are prepared and presented during the semester focusing on individual elements of stage direction. Prerequisites: Theatre 110, and 115 or 130 or 131. Offered Fall Semester only.


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This theater practicum involves the student in the conceptual and practical processes of artistic creation and performance production in theater. Students study current theory and practice as well as historical approaches to performance problems. Lab sessions include creative projects and practical problem-solving in assistant directing, acting or dramaturgy as part of the St. Olaf Theatre season. First-year students are encouraged to enroll. This course may be repeated. Registration is by audition or interview only.


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The design and production of lighting and sound in theater, dance, music and general presentation work plays a significant role in the experience of these events. This course introduces the production problems of lighting and sound and includes design projects in both lighting and sound. Course fee required. Open to all majors and non-majors. No prerequisite required. Offered Fall Semester only.


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This theater practicum involves the student in the conceptual and practical processes of stage performance. Course sessions study projects and practical problem-solving involving hands-on experiences for productions which are part of the St. Olaf Theatre season. First-year students are encouraged to enroll. See Class/Lab schedule for course topics each term. A theater practicum (253a) covering computer-aided design and drawing (cad) is offered each Fall Semester. The course may be repeated.


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Examines theatrical activities, from theater's origins to 1700, from three interrelated perspectives 1) theater as social history, 2) theater as dramatic literature and 3) theater as performance; i.e. the result of creative decisions made by playwrights, actors, directors and designers. Prerequisite: Theatre 110. Offered in 2002-03 and alternate years.


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Examines theatrical activities, in the period 1700 to the present, from three interrelated perspectives 1) theater as social history, 2) theater as dramatic literature and 3) theater as performance; i.e. the result of creative decisions made by playwrights, actors, directors and designers. Prerequisite: Theatre 110. Offered in 2003-04 and alternative years.


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An in-depth investigation of a selected topic through readings, bibliography, reports and projects. Students may register for the course more than once, provided a different topic is studied. Prerequisite: Theatre 110. Offered every year.


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Required for the women's studies major and concentration, this course introduces students to the concept of gender as a category of analysis. It is designed for students who seek a fuller understanding of themselves as women and men and a wider knowledge of the experiences and achievements of women.


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This class examines reform and revolution at the end of Qing dynasty; the creation and collapse of the first Republic; warlordism, the New Culture Movement, social and cultural change, and the rise of Chinese nationalism; Japanese invasion, civil war, and the Communist victory; the People's Republic since 1949; economic and social change, conflict with the Soviet Union, the Cultural Revolution, Maoism and Mao's legacy; and China's recent economic and political transformation. Foreign Language Across the Curriculum course available in Chinese for students at the third-year level in the language. Offered most years.


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This interdisciplinary, topics-based course explores contemporary issues in science with emphasis on developing students' understanding of scientific and quantitiative approaches to problem solving. Specific topics, ranging from environmental chemistry and public health to biomechanics and genetics, vary from year to year. Students attend nine hours of lectures or small group discussion sections, two to three hours of quantitative workshops, and four hours of laboratory per week. Does not count toward any major. The course is taught with WRI 109. Prerequisite: acceptance into the Summer Bridge Program. Offered annually during the summer.


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This course provides an examination and application of the key content, skills, and perspectives of human geography. The lens of the geographer focuses on the spatial distribution of phenomena over the surface of the earth, asking the questions "where?" and "why there?". The practices and skills of geography are used to investigate a variety of issues in the Middle East, including environmental problems, the culture and management of sacred places, and the reasons for war and the need for peace. Counts toward environmental studies major (social science track).


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Judo is an Olympic sport and martial art widely known for its dynamic throws, slick submissions, and grueling conditioning. However, the founder of judo also intended it to be a system of moral education rooted in the philosophical traditions of Japan. In this course students learn the physical aspects of judo through intensive practice and the philosophical aspects of judo through studying Zen Buddhism and the writings of judo's founder, Jigoro Kano. Offered during Interim.


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Often controversial, U.S.-Latin American relations occupy a special place in the foreign policy of the United States. Students compare differing views of political issues of importance to both regions and explore the emergence of U.S. power, interventionism, cooperation, revolution, collective security, the transition to democracy, and the influence of economic factors on the relationship between Latin America and the U.S. Counts toward Hispanic studies major and Latin American/Latino studies concentration.


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Nordic sagas and modern fantastic works pose important theological questions such as the nature of reality in fantasy, the Eucharist, honor, gift, the grotesque, evil, salvation in Christ, and life as a quest and pilgrimage. They also raise valuable problems about the relationship of Christian beliefs to cultural narratives. Students may read J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings, G.K. Chesterton, and selected sagas, alongside of theological writings. Prerequisite: BTS-B. Offered during Interim.


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An in-depth investigation of a selected topic through readings, bibliography, reports and projects. Students may register for the course more than once, provided a different topic is studied. Prerequisite: Theater 110 or 180. Some topics courses may require additional prerequisites. Please inquire in the Theater Department office before registering. Offered annually.


