由腾讯元宝辅助生成
基于代码分析，和风天气API目前主要使用JWT认证方式，以下是详细使用说明：
一、认证方式
和风天气API采用JWT (JSON Web Token) 认证，替代了传统的API Key方式：
-
密钥生成：
- 需要生成Ed25519密钥对（公钥和私钥）
- 私钥用于签名JWT，公钥需上传到和风天气控制台
openssl genpkey -algorithm ED25519 -out ed25519-private.pem \ && openssl pkey -pubout -in ed25519-private.pem > ed25519-public.pem -
JWT生成：
import jwt import time from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import load_pem_private_key def get_jwt(): # 加载私钥 with open('ed25519-private.pem', 'rb') as f: private_key = load_pem_private_key(f.read(), password=None) # 设置payload payload = { 'iat': int(time.time()) - 30, # 签发时间（提前30秒避免时间误差） 'exp': int(time.time()) + 900, # 过期时间（15分钟） 'sub': PROJECT_ID # 项目ID } # 设置headers headers = {'kid': KEY_ID} # 密钥ID # 生成JWT encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(payload, private_key, algorithm='EdDSA', headers=headers) return encoded_jwt -
使用方式：
- 在HTTP请求头中添加：
Authorization: Bearer {JWT令牌}
- 在HTTP请求头中添加：
二、API基本结构
-
基础URL：
https://{API_HOST}/{version}/{endpoint}- API_HOST: 和风天气分配的专属域名（如
abcd.as.qweatherapi.com） - version: API版本（如
v7） - endpoint: 具体接口（如
weather/now）
- API_HOST: 和风天气分配的专属域名（如
-
请求方法：
- 主要使用GET请求
-
请求参数：
- 通过URL查询字符串传递
- 必需参数：location（城市ID或经纬度）
- 可选参数：lang（语言）、number（结果数量）等
三、常用接口
-
城市查询接口：
def get_city_code(city, jwt_token): url = f"https://{API_HOST}/geo/v2/city/lookup?location={city}&number=1&lang=zh" headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {jwt_token}'} r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) data = r.json() if data.get("code") == "200" and data.get("location"): return data["location"][0]["id"] # 返回城市ID return None -
天气查询接口：
def get_weather(city_id, jwt_token): url = f"https://{API_HOST}/v7/weather/now?location={city_id}&lang=zh" headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {jwt_token}'} r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) data = r.json() if data.get("code") == "200" and data.get("now"): return data["now"] # 返回天气数据 return None
四、响应处理
API返回JSON格式数据，包含以下主要字段：
code: 响应状态码（200表示成功）location: 位置信息（城市查询接口返回）now: 实时天气数据（天气查询接口返回）
天气数据字段说明：
temp: 温度text: 天气状况windDir: 风向windScale: 风力humidity: 湿度icon: 天气图标代码
五、完整示例流程
- 生成JWT令牌
- 使用城市名称获取城市ID
- 使用城市ID获取天气信息
- 解析并展示天气数据
# 完整流程示例
jwt_token = get_jwt()
city = "西安"
city_id = get_city_code(city, jwt_token)
weather = get_weather(city_id, jwt_token)
if weather:
print(f"{city}的天气信息:")
print(f"温度: {weather.get('temp', '未知')}°C")
print(f"天气: {weather.get('text', '未知')}")
print(f"风向: {weather.get('windDir', '未知')}")
print(f"风力: {weather.get('windScale', '未知')}级")
print(f"湿度: {weather.get('humidity', '未知')}%")
六、注意事项
- JWT令牌有效期为15分钟，过期后需重新生成
- 确保私钥安全存储，不要泄露
- 公钥需上传到和风天气控制台
- 城市查询接口返回的城市ID是获取天气的关键
- 遇到错误时，检查API_HOST、PROJECT_ID和KEY_ID是否正确
- 使用
requests库时，添加异常处理确保程序稳定性
七、图
八、代码
weather_widget.py
import jwt
import requests
import os
import time
from flask import Flask, jsonify, request
from flask_cors import CORS
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import load_pem_private_key
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
app = Flask(__name__)
CORS(app) # CORS 跨域请求支持
# 配置信息
API_HOST = "" # https://console.qweather.com/setting?lang=zh
PROJECT_ID = "" # 项目ID
KEY_ID = "" # 凭据ID
PRIVATE_KEY_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'ed25519-private.pem')
def get_jwt():
"""生成JWT令牌"""
with open(PRIVATE_KEY_PATH, 'rb') as f:
private_key = load_pem_private_key(f.read(), password=None, backend=default_backend())
payload = {
'iat': int(time.time()) - 30,
'exp': int(time.time()) + 900,
'sub': PROJECT_ID
}
headers = {'kid': KEY_ID}
return jwt.encode(payload, private_key, algorithm='EdDSA', headers=headers)
def get_city_code(city, jwt_token):
"""获取城市代码"""
url = f"https://{API_HOST}/geo/v2/city/lookup?location={city}&number=1&lang=zh"
headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {jwt_token}'}
try:
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
r.raise_for_status()
data = r.json()
if data.get("code") == "200" and data.get("location"):
return data["location"][0]["id"]
except Exception as e:
app.logger.error(f"获取城市代码失败: {e}")
return None
def get_weather(city_id, jwt_token):
"""获取天气信息"""
url = f"https://{API_HOST}/v7/weather/now?location={city_id}&lang=zh"
headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {jwt_token}'}
try:
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
r.raise_for_status()
data = r.json()
if data.get("code") == "200" and data.get("now"):
return data["now"]
except Exception as e:
app.logger.error(f"获取天气失败: {e}")
return None
@app.route('/weather', methods=['GET'])
def weather():
"""天气API端点"""
city = request.args.get('city', '北京')
jwt_token = get_jwt()
if not jwt_token:
return jsonify({"error": "JWT生成失败"}), 500
city_id = get_city_code(city, jwt_token)
if not city_id:
return jsonify({"error": f"找不到城市: {city}"}), 404
weather_data = get_weather(city_id, jwt_token)
if not weather_data:
return jsonify({"error": "天气数据获取失败"}), 500
return jsonify({
"city": city,
"temperature": weather_data.get('temp', 'N/A'),
"condition": weather_data.get('text', 'N/A'),
"windDir": weather_data.get('windDir', 'N/A'),
"windScale": weather_data.get('windScale', 'N/A'),
"humidity": weather_data.get('humidity', 'N/A'),
"icon": weather_data.get('icon', '100')
})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=True)
weather.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>天气小组件</title>
<style>
.weather-widget { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); padding: 16px; border-radius: 24px; font-size: 14px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); width: 280px; margin: 20px auto; }
.weather-form { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.weather-form input { padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 16px; flex-grow: 1; }
.weather-form button { padding: 8px 16px; background: #4285f4; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 16px; cursor: pointer; }
.weather-info { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.weather-icon { font-size: 32px; min-width: 40px; text-align: center; }
.weather-details { line-height: 1.5; }
.temperature { font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; }
.condition { font-size: 16px; }
.wind-humidity { font-size: 12px; color: #666; }
</style>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/qweather-icons@1.7.0/font/qweather-icons.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="weather-widget">
<div class="weather-form">
<input type="text" id="city-input" placeholder="输入城市名" value="西安">
<button id="get-weather">查询</button>
</div>
<div class="weather-info" id="weather-container">
<div class="weather-icon"><i class="qi-999" id="weather-icon"></i></div>
<div class="weather-details">
<div class="temperature" id="temperature">--°C</div>
<div class="condition" id="condition">加载中...</div>
<div class="wind-humidity">
<span id="wind">风向: --</span> | <span id="humidity">湿度: --%</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
document.getElementById('get-weather').addEventListener('click', fetchWeather);
window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fetchWeather);
async function fetchWeather() {
const city = document.getElementById('city-input').value;
const container = document.getElementById('weather-container');
const originalHTML = container.innerHTML;
container.innerHTML = '<div style="text-align:center;padding:10px">加载中...</div>';
try {
const response = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:5000/weather?city=${encodeURIComponent(city)}`);
const text = await response.text();
const data = JSON.parse(text);
if (data.error) {
container.innerHTML = `<div style="color:red;text-align:center">${data.error}</div>`;
return;
}
if (!data.temperature || !data.condition || !data.windDir || !data.windScale || !data.humidity || !data.icon) {
container.innerHTML = '<div style="color:red;text-align:center">数据不完整: 缺少必要字段</div>';
return;
}
container.innerHTML = originalHTML;
document.getElementById('weather-icon').className = `qi-${data.icon}`;
document.getElementById('temperature').textContent = `${data.temperature}°C`;
document.getElementById('condition').textContent = data.condition;
document.getElementById('wind').textContent = `风向: ${data.windDir} ${data.windScale}级`;
document.getElementById('humidity').textContent = `湿度: ${data.humidity}%`;
} catch (error) {
console.error('请求错误:', error);
container.innerHTML = `<div style="color:red;text-align:center">${error.name === 'SyntaxError' ? '数据格式错误' : '网络请求失败'}: ${error.message}</div>`;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>