DigitRubber Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: digitrubber-full.owl
has ontology syntax: RDF XML
has ontology root term: http://www.purl.org/OntoMeta/DigitRubber#1
creator: DIGIT RUBBER project
creator: DIPONI project
creator: InSuKa project
date: 2023-06-01T00:00:00
bibliographic citation: TIB (2023): DigitRubber Ontology. An ontology demonstrating rich ontology for rubber extrusion. PURL: http://www.purl.org/OntoMeta/DigitRubberOntology.
contributor: Lars Vogt
created: 2023-06-01T00:00:00
description: DigitRubber Ontology
description: The DIGIT RUBBER Ontology (DRO) is used to represent data, information, and knowledge relating to rubber and rubber production.
format: rdf+xml
dcterms:license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2025-09-25T00:00:00
references: https://zenodo.org/record/0000000
subject: fer
status: active
derived from: http://www.purl.org/DigitRubberOntology/0.0.1
preferred namespace prefix: DRO
funder: ror.org
language: eng
audience: The DIGIT RUBBER ontology is aimed at anyone who wants to semantically annotate knowledge and data related to rubber.
bug-database: issues
repository: DIGIT-RUBBER
date: 11:05:2026 19:38
documentation: DIGIT-RUBBER
versionInfo: v2025-September-25
versionInfo: 2026-05-11
version notes: A description of changes between last version and current version of the ontology.
distribution: DigitRubber.owl
example: descriptionOfUse
acronym: DRO
competency question: Competeny Questions
has formality level: The DigitRubber ontology aplies OWL2 EL (cf. https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-profiles-20121211/#OWL_2_EL)

BFO OWL specification label
type: AnnotationProperty

BFO CLIF specification label
type: AnnotationProperty

NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound
type: AnnotationProperty

editor preferred term
type: AnnotationProperty

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: example of usage
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

has curation status
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has curation status
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition
editor preferred term: textual definition
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: textual definition

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>

term editor
type: AnnotationProperty

alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: alternative term
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition source
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
definition: formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

curator note
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user

term tracker item
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
definition: An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
definition source: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
comment: The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.

ontology term requester
type: AnnotationProperty

imported from
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: imported from
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

expand expression to
type: AnnotationProperty

OBO foundry unique label
type: AnnotationProperty

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty

has associated axiom(nl)
type: AnnotationProperty

has associated axiom(fol)
type: AnnotationProperty

has ontology root term
type: AnnotationProperty

has axiom label
type: AnnotationProperty

term replaced by
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
comment: Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology

ISA alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: ISA alternative term
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org).
editor note: Requested by Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3603413&group_id=177891&atid=886178
term editor: Person: Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran
term editor: Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition source: ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org)

IEDB alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: IEDB alternative term
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An alternative term used by the IEDB.
term editor: PERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters
definition source: IEDB

temporal interpretation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.

defined by inverse
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: SubsetProperty

logical macro assertion on an annotation property
type: AnnotationProperty

is direct form of
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y
editor note: The general property hierarchy is: "directly P" SubPropertyOf "P" Transitive(P) Where we have an annotation assertion "directly P" "is direct form of" "P"
logical macro assertion on an annotation property: If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q'
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

is indirect form of
type: AnnotationProperty

is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.

is positive form of
type: AnnotationProperty
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
creation date: 2018-03-14T00:03:16Z

is negative form of
type: AnnotationProperty
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
creation date: 2018-03-14T00:03:24Z

preliminary broad class assigned
type: AnnotationProperty
created by: pallavi.karanth
creation date: 2024-06-18T12:16:04.905908Z

valid_for_go_annotation_extension
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: SubsetProperty

valid_for_go_gp2term
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: SubsetProperty

IUPAC NAME
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

1 STAR
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Preliminary entries
sub property of: SubsetProperty

2 STAR
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Annotated by 3rd party
sub property of: SubsetProperty

3 STAR
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Manually annotated by ChEBI Team
sub property of: SubsetProperty

smile
type: AnnotationProperty

Contributor
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
comment: An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource.

creator
type: AnnotationProperty

date
type: AnnotationProperty

description
type: AnnotationProperty

Language
type: AnnotationProperty
description: Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom.
comment: A language of the intellectual content of the resource.

Source
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived.

description
type: AnnotationProperty

dcterms:license
type: AnnotationProperty
term editor: Mark Miller
date: 2018-05-11T13:47:29Z
label: license

title
type: AnnotationProperty

date
type: AnnotationProperty

has_alternative_id
type: AnnotationProperty

has cross-reference
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string
definition: An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/123
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779
created: 2024-03-18
label: database cross reference

has_exact_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20
label: has exact synonym

has_obo_namespace
type: AnnotationProperty

has_related_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty

id
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An identifier for an individual entity

in_subset
type: AnnotationProperty

obo-source
type: AnnotationProperty

comment
type: AnnotationProperty

is defined by

label
type: AnnotationProperty

see also

versionInfo

has close match
type: AnnotationProperty

isInMinimalProfile
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Indicates whether the ontology element is part of the minimal profile of the ontology. Useful for modularization, simplified views, or lightweight implementations.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/121
range: boolean

pattern example
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An editor note referring to a pattern which shows the usage of this class or property.
sub property of: editor note

term tracker annotation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request.
editor note: hijacked from http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00020426
sub property of: editor note

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice.
example: "DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid"
sub property of: altLabel

part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: is part of
example of usage: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
example of usage: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editor note: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
alternative term: part_of
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid_for_go_gp2term
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam

has part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: has part
example of usage: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
example of usage: this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editor note: Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
alternative term: has_part
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
editor preferred term: realized in
example of usage: this disease is realized in this disease course
example of usage: this fragility is realized in this shattering
example of usage: this investigator role is realized in this investigation
alternative term: is realized by
alternative term: realized_in
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
label: realized in
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
editor preferred term: realizes
example of usage: this disease course realizes this disease
example of usage: this investigation realizes this investigator role
example of usage: this shattering realizes this fragility
definition: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
elucidation: to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ends after
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
property chain axiom: part of
editor preferred term: preceded by
definition: x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
editor note: An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
alternative term: is preceded by
alternative term: preceded_by
Source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by
in_subset: ro-eco
definition: b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
example: The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
property chain axiom: part of
editor preferred term: precedes
definition: x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
in_subset: ro-eco
definition: (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
example: The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: environs
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
inverse of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

has proper occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: proper occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical
example: As for has occurrent part.

has temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: temporal part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
example: Your life has temporal part the first year of your life

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent part of
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated target: part of
comment: "occurrent part of" is not a BFO2020 temporalized relation. It just restricts the domain and range to "occurrent". That's why is should be OK to make it sub property of RO "part of"

proper temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporal part of
inverse of: has proper temporal part
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c)
example: As for temporal part of.

proper occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical
example: As for occurrent part of.

temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
example: Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game

temporally projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
example: The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle

BFO_0000176
type: ObjectProperty
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true

has proper temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has temporal part
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b
example: As for has temporal part.

environs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
definition: b environs c =Def c occurs in b
example: Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic

history of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has history
type: FunctionalProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: history
range: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
example: This life is the history of this organism

has history
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: history
definition: b has history c =Def c history of b
example: This organism has history this life

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: temporal region
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

occupies spatiotemporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
example: A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory

first instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has first instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
example: An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday

has first instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
example: The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31

last instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has last instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
example: Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday

has last instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
example: The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31

intended to realize
type: ObjectProperty

has measurement unit label
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: FunctionalProperty
range: measurement unit label

is about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is subject of
domain: information content entity
example of usage: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
editor note: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
term editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example of usage: A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
definition: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
editor note: 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
definition source: Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan

is quality measurement of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: is quality measured as
domain: measurement datum
definition: m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
editor note: From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
editor note: From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
editor note: From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
editor note: This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: information content entity
definition: inverse of the relation 'denotes'
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/206

is quality measured as
type: ObjectProperty
definition: inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship

is quality specification of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: quality is specified as
definition: A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.

quality is specified as
type: ObjectProperty
definition: inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship

has specified input
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is specified input of
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified input of
domain: completely executed planned process
domain: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: has_specified_input
example of usage: see is_input_of example_of_usage
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The inverse property of is specified input of
definition: The inverse property of is_specified_input_of
editor note: 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Larry Hunter
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Coutot
imported from: obi.owl
label: has_specified_input

is specified input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: completely executed planned process
range: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: is_specified_input_of
example of usage: some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
label: is_specified_input_of

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is specified output of
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified output of
domain: completely executed planned process
domain: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: has_specified_output
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The inverse property of is specified output of
definition: The inverse property of is_specified_output_of
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Larry Hunter
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
imported from: obi.owl
label: has_specified_output

is_manufactured_by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: manufacturer
example of usage: http://www.affymetrix.com/products/arrays/specific/hgu133.affx is_manufactered_by http://www.affymetrix.com/ (if we decide to use these URIs for the actual entities)
definition: c is_manufactured_by o means that there was a process p in which c was built in which a person, or set of people or machines did the work(bore the "Manufacturer Role", and those people/and or machines were members or of directed by the organization to do this.

is specified output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: completely executed planned process
range: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: is_specified_output_of
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: obi.owl
label: is_specified_output_of

achieves_planned_objective
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: objective_achieved_by
domain: completely executed planned process
domain: obsolete planned process
range: objective specification
editor preferred term: achieves_planned_objective
example of usage: A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
term editor: BP, AR, PPPB branch
definition source: PPPB branch derived
curator note: modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch
pattern example: https://github.com/search

objective_achieved_by
type: ObjectProperty
range: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: objective_achieved_by
has curation status: ready for release
definition: This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
term editor: OBI
definition source: OBI

specifies value of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: specified by value
domain: value specification
definition: A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.

has value specification
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
domain: information content entity
range: value specification
editor preferred term: has value specification
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
term editor: PERSON: James A. Overton
definition source: OBI

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: bearer of
type: FunctionalProperty
editor preferred term: inheres in
example of usage: this fragility inheres in this vase
example of usage: this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
example of usage: this red color inheres in this apple
example of usage: this red color is a characteristic of this apple
definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
alternative term: inheres_in
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
comment: Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
label: inheres in

bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: specifically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: bearer of
example of usage: this apple is bearer of this red color
example of usage: this vase is bearer of this fragility
definition: Inverse of characteristic_of
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative term: bearer_of
alternative term: is bearer of
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
label: has characteristic

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
domain: continuant
range: occurrent
editor preferred term: participates in
example of usage: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
example of usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
example of usage: this investigator participates in this investigation
definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
alternative term: participates_in

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: continuant
property chain axiom: has part
editor preferred term: has participant
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
alternative term: has_participant
Source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has function
domain: function
example of usage: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
alternative term: function_of
alternative term: is function of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has quality
domain: Class
  intersection of: quality
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: relational quality
example of usage: this red color is a quality of this apple
definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
alternative term: is quality of
alternative term: quality_of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has role
example of usage: this investigator role is a role of this person
definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
alternative term: is role of
alternative term: role_of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: independent continuant
range: function
example of usage: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
alternative term: has_function

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
range: quality
example of usage: this apple has quality this red color
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative term: has_quality

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
domain: independent continuant
range: role
example of usage: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
alternative term: has_role

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: bearer of
inverse of: disposition of
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
definition: inverse of has disposition
in_subset: defined by inverse
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

derives from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: derives into
example of usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
example of usage: this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
example of usage: this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my head is the location of my brain
example of usage: this cage is the location of this rat
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: independent continuant
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: independent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
property chain axiom: part of
example of usage: my brain is located in my head
example of usage: this rat is located in this cage
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

has regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component activity
sub property of: regulated by
definition: A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z

has negative regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has regulatory component activity
sub property of: negatively regulated by
definition: A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z
comment: By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'.

has positive regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has regulatory component activity
sub property of: positively regulated by
definition: A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z
comment: By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'.

has component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component process
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z
comment: A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B.

has component process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component
definition: w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z

directly regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
inverse of: directly regulates
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z
comment: Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.

directly negatively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulated by
inverse of: directly negatively regulates
definition: Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z

directly positively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulated by
inverse of: directly positively regulates
definition: Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z

has effector activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component activity
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
created by: dos
creation date: 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z
comment: This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations.

simultaneous with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.
comment: t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2)

ends after
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
type: TransitiveProperty
term editor: David Osumi-Sutherland
in_subset: ro-eco
comment: X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)

immediately preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded by
inverse of: immediately precedes
term editor: David Osumi-Sutherland
alternative term: starts_at_end_of
comment: X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)

immediately precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
term editor: David Osumi-Sutherland
alternative term: ends_at_start_of
alternative term: meets
is direct form of: precedes
in_subset: ro-eco
comment: X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: has part
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
expand expression to: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for gocam
in_subset: ro-eco

has component
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
editor note: The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity.
curator note: For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit.
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
in_subset: ro-eco

regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
inverse of: regulated by
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: has effector activity
property chain axiom: directly regulates
definition: p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-6306
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-8864
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
definition source: GO
curator note: Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process.
OBO foundry unique label: regulates (processual)
elucidation: false
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam

negatively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: causally upstream of, negative effect
inverse of: negatively regulated by
definition: p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: negatively regulates (process to process)
is negative form of: regulates
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam

positively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: causally upstream of, positive effect
inverse of: positively regulated by
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
definition: p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: positively regulates (process to process)
is positive form of: regulates
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam

capable of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of part of
example of usage: mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
example of usage: osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
definition: A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: has function realized in
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20123131
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208450
curator note: For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".
in_subset: ro-eco

capable of part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal agent in process
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: part of
definition: c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: has function in

temporally related to
type: ObjectProperty
has curation status: pending final vetting
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: Allen's interval algebra
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
source: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit
in_subset: ro-eco
comment: A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.

starts
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: starts with
definition: inverse of starts with
definition source: Allen

starts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
definition: x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

ends
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: ends with
definition: inverse of ends with

ends with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of
domain: process
property chain axiom: starts with
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: consumes
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam
in_subset: ro-eco

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of
property chain axiom: ends with
definition: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.

acts upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of
example of usage: A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision.
definition: c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.
in_subset: valid_for_go_gp2term

acts upstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal agent in process
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within
example of usage: A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway.
definition: c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.
has_related_synonym: affects
in_subset: valid_for_go_gp2term

causally upstream of, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
sub property of: causally upstream of or within, positive effect
definition: p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q.
is positive form of: causally upstream of
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for gocam
comment: holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y

causally upstream of, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
sub property of: causally upstream of or within, negative effect
definition: p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q.
is negative form of: causally upstream of
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for gocam

enables
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of
inverse of: enabled by
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: has component activity
example of usage: a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity
definition: c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: catalyzes
alternative term: executes
alternative term: has
alternative term: is catalyzing
alternative term: is executing
curator note: This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized.
in_subset: valid_for_go_gp2term

involved in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
sub property of: involved in or involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: part of
definition: c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: actively involved in
alternative term: enables part of

enabled by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
definition: inverse of enables
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
in_subset: valid for gocam

regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally downstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: inverse of regulates
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
OBO foundry unique label: regulated by (processual)
in_subset: defined by inverse

negatively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
definition: inverse of negatively regulates
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
in_subset: defined by inverse

positively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
definition: inverse of positively regulates
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
in_subset: defined by inverse

member of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: has member
example of usage: An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
definition: is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
alternative term: is member of
alternative term: member part of
definition source: SIO
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

has member
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
definition: inverse of has input
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
in_subset: defined by inverse
in_subset: ro-eco

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
definition: inverse of has output

causally downstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded by
sub property of: causally downstream of or within
inverse of: causally upstream of
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: inverse of upstream of
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

immediately causally downstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: immediately preceded by
sub property of: causally downstream of
inverse of: immediately causally upstream of
has curation status: requires discussion
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

indirectly positively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: positively regulates
sub property of: indirectly regulates
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: directly positively regulates
property chain axiom: indirectly negatively regulates
definition: p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: indirectly activates
is indirect form of: positively regulates

indirectly negatively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: negatively regulates
sub property of: indirectly regulates
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: directly negatively regulates
definition: p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: indirectly inhibits
is indirect form of: negatively regulates

causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
sub property of: causally upstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for gocam

immediately causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: immediately precedes
sub property of: causally upstream of
definition: p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
is direct form of: causally upstream of

causally upstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between processes
inverse of: causally downstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q.
editor note: We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: influences (processual)
has_related_synonym: affects

causally downstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between processes
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: inverse of causally upstream of or within
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
in_subset: defined by inverse

involved in regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: involved in or involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

involved in positive regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: positively regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
is positive form of: involved in regulation of

involved in negative regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
is negative form of: involved in regulation of

involved in or involved in regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
sub property of: causal agent in process
definition: c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
editor note: OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: involved in or reguates

interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
definition: A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
editor note: This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
editor note: Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with'
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
curator note: Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
has_exact_synonym: in pairwise interaction with
in_subset: ro-eco

molecularly interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interacts with
type: SymmetricProperty
definition: An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: binds
alternative term: molecularly binds with

phosphorylates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: molecularly interacts with
editor note: Axiomatization to GO to be added later
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative term: An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y.

directly regulates activity of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: molecularly interacts with
sub property of: regulates activity of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: regulates
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431
has_exact_synonym: molecularly controls

directly negatively regulates activity of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulates activity of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: directly negatively regulates
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431
alternative term: directly inhibits
has_exact_synonym: molecularly decreases activity of

directly positively regulates activity of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulates activity of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: directly positively regulates
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431
alternative term: directly activates
has_exact_synonym: molecularly increases activity of

causal agent in process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between material entity and a process
inverse of: process has causal agent
definition: A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
definition source: causal-relations

causal relation between processes
type: ObjectProperty
definition: p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

causal relation between entities
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

causally influenced by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between entities
inverse of: causally influences
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: causally influenced by (entity-centric)

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between entities
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of
property chain axiom: has input
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size).
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: causally influences (entity-centric)

directly regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: immediately causally upstream of
definition: p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: directly regulates (processual)
is direct form of: regulates
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam

has part structure that is capable of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between material entity and a process
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: capable of
example of usage: gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
definition: s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

causal relation between material entity and a process
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
editor note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations

capable of regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal agent in process
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: regulates
example of usage: pyrethroid -> growth
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

capable of negatively regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of regulating
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

capable of positively regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of regulating
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: positively regulates
example of usage: renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

process has causal agent
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'causal agent in process'
definition source: causal-relations

directly positively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: positively regulates
sub property of: directly regulates
definition: p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q.
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: directly positively regulates (process to process)
is positive form of: directly regulates
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam

directly negatively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: negatively regulates
sub property of: directly regulates
definition: p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q.
definition source: causal-relations
OBO foundry unique label: directly negatively regulates (process to process)
is negative form of: directly regulates
in_subset: valid_for_go_annotation_extension
in_subset: valid for go ontology
in_subset: valid for gocam

acts upstream of or within, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within, positive effect
is positive form of: acts upstream of or within
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
creation date: 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z
in_subset: valid_for_go_gp2term

acts upstream of or within, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within, negative effect
is negative form of: acts upstream of or within
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
creation date: 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z
in_subset: valid_for_go_gp2term

acts upstream of, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: acts upstream of or within, positive effect
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of, positive effect
definition: c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive
is positive form of: acts upstream of
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
creation date: 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z
in_subset: valid_for_go_gp2term

acts upstream of, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: acts upstream of or within, negative effect
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of, negative effect
definition: c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative
is negative form of: acts upstream of
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
creation date: 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z
in_subset: valid_for_go_gp2term

causally upstream of or within, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of or within
is negative form of: causally upstream of or within
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
creation date: 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z

causally upstream of or within, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of or within
is positive form of: causally upstream of or within
created by: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
creation date: 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z

assay measures characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: characteristic measured by assay
range: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material.
definition: A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic.

characteristic measured by assay
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
definition: Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'

regulates activity of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally influences
definition: The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431

indirectly causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
definition: p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q.
created by: pg
creation date: 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z

indirectly regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: indirectly causally upstream of
definition: p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
created by: pg
creation date: 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z

regulates characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: regulates
definition: A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-6599

positively regulates characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates characteristic
property chain axiom: positively regulates
definition: A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-6599

negatively regulates characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates characteristic
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
property chain axiom: positively regulates characteristic
property chain axiom: positively regulates
definition: A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-6599

executes
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: concretizes
definition: relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
definition source: AGB

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'is about'.

has process attribute
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: process attribute of
domain: process
range: process attribute
see also: has process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000500
definition: A relation between a process and a process attribute that depends on it.
example: Tensile testing process has process attribute tensile rate

has state
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is state of
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: temporally qualified continuant
range: temporally qualified continuant
definition: relates an anchor continuant to a temporally qualified continuant that represents a specific temporal phase of its existence.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185

is state of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of

specified by value
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
definition: A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.

complies with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
domain: independent continuant
range: information content entity
label: entspricht @de
definition: complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to.

in response to
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: responds with
definition: inverse of responds with

responds with
type: ObjectProperty
domain: realizable entity
definition: The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.

interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants.

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interacts with
domain: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: stimulus role
range: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: stimulation target role
definition: An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse..

refers to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process attribute
range: specifically dependent continuant
comment: Despite has characteristic from RO does not have any domain constraints, it is still not possible to directly connect an instance of a process with an instance of a SDC. First, SDC is dependent on a IC. As RO does not have "bearer of" object property, the "has characteristic" implies that the domain should be an IC. Second, characteristic of is a functional property. Thus, two triples SDC_1 characteristc of IC_1 and SDC_2 characteristc of Process_1 (where IC_1 participates in Process_1), cannot exist simultaneously. An example of such case can be "Temperature of during the annealing process was 1000°C". Temperature is an SDC of some participant of the annealing, however it is not clear whether it is an SDC of an oven or of a sample in the oven. If we assert triple Annealing--> has characteristic --> Temperature 1000°C, then the correct triple connecting temperature SDC with either oven or specimen cannot exist.
definition: a relation between a process attribute and an SDC of some participant in a process
example: a relation to between a process attribute an a SDC of some participant in a process.

process attribute of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relation between a process attribute and a process, which "bears" the attribute.
example: Tensile rate is a process attribute of tensile test

changes quality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: quality
definition: indicates that a process changes a quality

has relational quality
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: relational quality of
domain: independent continuant
range: relational quality
property chain axiom: has part
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a relational quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: material has relational quality mass proportion m, and portion of iron has the same relational quality mass proportion m

relational quality of
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: part of
editor note: The 'relational quality of' is more strict that 'quality of' from RO, since domain is 'relational quality'. The motivtion to introduce an object property for relational qualities is the following: RO's 'quality of' is functional i.e., a->b, a->c => b=c. The functionality is relevant for most of the SDC -> IC triples, expect for relational qualities, which per definiton can be simultaneously inherited in >=2 ICs. Thus, 'relational quality of' has the same intention to connect SDC to IC, however, without cardinality constraints.
definition: a relation between a relational quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of material, and the same mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of portion of iron

has specified numeric value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has specified value
domain: value specification
definition: A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
editor note: A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning.
definition source: OBI

has specified value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: value specification
definition: A relation between a value specification and a literal.
editor note: This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject.
definition source: OBI

in XSD Date-Time
type: DatatypeProperty
label: en fecha-tiempo XSD @es
definition: Posición de un instante, expresado utilizando xsd:dateTime. @es
definition: Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:dateTime

has url
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A relation between an information content entity and its specific url.

has value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: information content entity
definition: data property that relates an information content entity to a literal

has parameter position
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
range: int
definition: specifies the position of a parameter in a programming function

has default literal value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has value
definition: specifies a default value

count
type: Class
subclass of: data item
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Determining the number or amount of something.
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25463
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.08.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

sample
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: tempdef: A sample is a role that is played by an object of interest in an investigation used to obtain generalizable information about the sample source. defprov: Daniel Schober
imported from: nmrCV
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Probe @de

colorimetry
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The determination of the spectral absorbance of a solution. This method is often used to determine the concentration of a chemical in a solution. [CHMO]
imported from: allotrope.org
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 17.08.2022
comment: http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/

count
type: Class
subclass of: data item
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A datum that has non-negative integer values that is about the number of discrete things. [Allotrope]
imported from: allotrope.org
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 17.08.2022
comment: allotrope

concentration datum
type: Class
subclass of: measurement metadata
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. [Allotrope]
imported from: ontologies
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
comment: http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/

software development
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
definition: A planned process that has specified output a software product and that involves the creation of source code.
term editor: Mathias Brochhausen
term editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development
elucidation: A planned process resulting in a software product involving the creation of source code.
preliminary broad class assigned: false

dataset creating
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: obsolete planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: data set
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: data set
editor preferred term: creating a data set
definition: A planned process that has a data set as its specified output.
term editor: William R. Hogan
alternative term: data set creation
alternative term: dataset creation
preliminary broad class assigned: false

entity
type: Class
definition: (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
example: Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: continuant
disjoint with: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
example: A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: continuant
definition: (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
example: As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: independent continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
example: An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
example: As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
example: As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region

two-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
example: The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: process
definition: (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
example: An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
BFO OWL specification label: disposition
BFO CLIF specification label: Disposition
example of usage: an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
example of usage: certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
example of usage: children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
example of usage: the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
imported from: bfo.owl
elucidation: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
has associated axiom(nl): If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
preliminary broad class assigned: false
definition: (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
example: An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: realizable entity
disjoint with: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
example: The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity

zero-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
example: The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
example: The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
example: (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
example: (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
BFO OWL specification label: role
BFO CLIF specification label: Role
example of usage: John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
example of usage: the priest role
example of usage: the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
example of usage: the role of a building in serving as a military target
example of usage: the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
example of usage: the role of subject in a clinical trial
example of usage: the student role
definition: A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
elucidation: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
preliminary broad class assigned: false
definition: (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
example: The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
example: The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body

one-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
example: An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
example: The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank

three-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
example: A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
example: An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: generically dependent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
example: The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
BFO OWL specification label: function
BFO CLIF specification label: Function
example of usage: the function of a hammer to drive in nails
example of usage: the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
example of usage: the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
elucidation: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
definition: (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
example: The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
definition: p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
example: The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: Class
    union of: one-dimensional temporal region
    union of: zero-dimensional temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: one-dimensional temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
example: The temporal region during which a process occurs

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
disjoint with: immaterial entity
definition: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
editor note: Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
definition: (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
example: A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings

continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site

fiat line
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
example: The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin

relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
example: A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another

fiat surface
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
example: The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant

fiat point
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
example: The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
example: A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident

history
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
example: The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence

temporal interval
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
example: The year 2018.

temporal instant
type: Class
subclass of: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
example: The millennium

carbon black nanoparticle
type: Class
subclass of: nanoparticle
subclass of: carbon nanostructure
definition: Any form of carbon black which has a particle size of less than 100 nm in each dimension.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has cross-reference: PMCID:PMC3190904
has cross-reference: PMID:21525001
has cross-reference: PMID:22753103
has cross-reference: PMID:24078381
has cross-reference: PMID:24283474
has cross-reference: PMID:25056782
has cross-reference: PMID:25071917
has cross-reference: PMID:25184212
has cross-reference: PMID:25451823
has cross-reference: PMID:25833640
has cross-reference: PMID:25966413
has cross-reference: PMID:26066782
has cross-reference: PMID:26551751
has cross-reference: PMID:26914170
has cross-reference: PMID:27460290
has cross-reference: PMID:27534448
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: carbon black nanoparticles
id: CHEBI:133602
in_subset: 3 STAR

metalloid atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
definition: An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.

fluoride
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

cyanide
type: Class
subclass of: pseudohalide anion
definition: A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
charge: -1
formula: CN
inchi: InChI=1S/CN/c1-2/q-1
inchikey: XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
mass: 26.01740
monoisotopicmass: 26.00362
smile: [C-]#N
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:14038
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:3969
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:41780
has cross-reference: Beilstein:1900509
has cross-reference: CAS:57-12-5
has cross-reference: Gmelin:89
has cross-reference: HMDB:HMDB0002084
has cross-reference: KEGG:C00177
has cross-reference: MetaCyc:CPD-13584
has cross-reference: PDBeChem:CYN
has cross-reference: PMID:11386635
has cross-reference: PMID:14871577
has cross-reference: PMID:17554165
has cross-reference: PMID:7839575
has cross-reference: Reaxys:1900509
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Cyanide
has_exact_synonym: Cyanide
has_exact_synonym: cyanide
has_exact_synonym: nitridocarbonate(1-)
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: CN(-)
has_related_synonym: CN-
has_related_synonym: CYANIDE ION
has_related_synonym: Prussiate
has_related_synonym: Zyanid
id: CHEBI:17514
in_subset: 3 STAR

iron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.

manganese atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

flerovium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114.

nihonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113.

moscovium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115.

livermorium atom
type: Class
subclass of: chalcogen
definition: A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116.

tennessine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
definition: A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117.

oganesson atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
definition: A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118.

anion
type: Class
subclass of: ion
definition: A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: Anion
has_exact_synonym: anion
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: Anionen
has_related_synonym: aniones
has_related_synonym: anions
id: CHEBI:22563
in_subset: 3 STAR

bromine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

cadmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

calcium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chlorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
definition: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: molecular entity
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: entidad molecular
has_related_synonym: entidades moleculares
has_related_synonym: entite moleculaire
has_related_synonym: molecular entities
has_related_synonym: molekulare Entitaet
id: CHEBI:23367
in_subset: 3 STAR

fluorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

chemical entity
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
imported from: chebi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: chemical entity
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:24431
in_subset: 3 STAR
label: chemische Entität @de

group
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Luis Ramos
language: English
last update on: 26.08.2022
creation date: 26.08.2022
id: CHEBI:24433
label: Gruppe [chebi] @de

organic heterocyclic compound
type: Class
subclass of: heteroorganic entity
subclass of: organic cyclic compound
subclass of: heterocyclic compound
definition: A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organic heterocycle
has_related_synonym: organic heterocyclic compounds
id: CHEBI:24532
in_subset: 3 STAR

iodine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
definition: Chemical element with atomic number 53.

ion
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: Ion
has_exact_synonym: ion
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: Ionen
has_related_synonym: iones
has_related_synonym: ions
id: CHEBI:24870
in_subset: 3 STAR

lead atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

magnesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

mercury atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

molecule
type: Class
subclass of: polyatomic entity
definition: Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: molecule
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: Molekuel
has_related_synonym: molecula
has_related_synonym: molecules
has_related_synonym: neutral molecular compounds
id: CHEBI:25367
in_subset: 3 STAR

nitrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

nonmetal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom

organic anion
type: Class
subclass of: anion
subclass of: organic ion
definition: Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organic anions
id: CHEBI:25696
in_subset: 3 STAR

organic ion
type: Class
subclass of: ion
subclass of: organic molecular entity
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organic ions
id: CHEBI:25699
in_subset: 3 STAR

oxygen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
subclass of: chalcogen

potassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

sodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

sulfur atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
subclass of: chalcogen

sulfur molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: chalcogen molecular entity
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: sulfur molecular entity
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: sulfur molecular entities
id: CHEBI:26835
in_subset: 3 STAR

tin atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

uranium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

zinc atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A zinc group element atom that has formula Zn.
imported from: efo.owl
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
comment: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/efo.owl
label: zinc

boron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

arsenic atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

selenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
subclass of: chalcogen

silicon atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

carbon atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

cobalt atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.

vanadium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

tungsten
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chromium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.

nickel atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.

phosphorus atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

molybdenum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

copper atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rubber particle
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A polymer consisting of cis-linked prenyl units.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
charge: 0
formula: (C5H8)n.H2
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:26584
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:8905
has cross-reference: KEGG:C02321
has_exact_synonym: Rubber particle
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: Rubber
has_related_synonym: Rubber (all-cis)
id: CHEBI:28798
in_subset: 3 STAR

stearic acid
type: Class
subclass of: pure substance
definition: A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.
imported from: chebi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 26.04.2026
creation date: 26.04.2026
label: Stearinsäure @de

aluminium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

gold atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

ethylene group
type: Class
subclass of: group

ethylidene group
type: Class
subclass of: organodiyl group
has curation status: uncurated
imported from: chebi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: dik
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Ethylidengruppe @de

lithium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

diboron trioxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A boron oxide with formula B2O3.

aluminium oxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

helium atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

astatine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

indium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.

thallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot).

germanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

tellurium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: chalcogen

beryllium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.

silver atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

antimony atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

caesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

silicon dioxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.

ruthenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

osmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

calcium oxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio.

sodium hydroxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

barium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

europium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

organic group
type: Class
subclass of: group
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.
imported from: chebi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 26.08.2022
creation date: 26.08.2022
label: organische-Gruppe @de

atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
definition: A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.

elemental molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: homoatomic entity
has_related_synonym: homoatomic molecular entities
has_related_synonym: homoatomic molecular entity
id: CHEBI:33259
in_subset: 3 STAR

organosulfur compound
type: Class
subclass of: sulfur molecular entity
subclass of: organochalcogen compound
definition: An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:23010
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:25714
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Organosulfur_compounds
has_exact_synonym: organosulfur compound
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organosulfur compounds
id: CHEBI:33261
in_subset: 3 STAR

polyatomic anion
type: Class
subclass of: anion
subclass of: polyatomic ion
definition: An anion consisting of more than one atom.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: polyatomic anions
id: CHEBI:33273
in_subset: 3 STAR

heteroorganic entity
type: Class
subclass of: organic molecular entity
definition: A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: heteroorganic entities
has_related_synonym: organoelement compounds
id: CHEBI:33285
in_subset: 3 STAR

bismuth atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

pnictogen molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: p-block molecular entity
definition: A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: pnictogen molecular entity
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: pnictogen molecular entities
id: CHEBI:33302
in_subset: 3 STAR

chalcogen
type: Class
subclass of: atom
definition: Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.

chalcogen molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: p-block molecular entity
definition: Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: chalcogen molecular entity
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: chalcogen compounds
has_related_synonym: chalcogen molecular entities
id: CHEBI:33304
in_subset: 3 STAR

neon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

polonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: chalcogen
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).

radon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

lanthanoid atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rubidium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

francium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

strontium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

radium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

scandium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

yttrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

lanthanum atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

actinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

titanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

zirconium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

hafnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

niobium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rutherfordium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

tantalum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

dubnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

seaborgium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

technetium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

bohrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

hassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rhodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.

meitnerium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

palladium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.

platinum
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

darmstadtium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

roentgenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281.

cerium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

neodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

promethium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

samarium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

gadolinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

terbium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

dysprosium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

erbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

thulium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

ytterbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

lutetium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

thorium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

protactinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

neptunium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

plutonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

americium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

curium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

berkelium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

californium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

einsteinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

fermium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

mendelevium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

nobelium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

lawrencium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

elemental carbon
type: Class
subclass of: elemental molecular entity
subclass of: organic molecular entity
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has cross-reference: CAS:7440-44-0
has cross-reference: CAS:82600-58-6
has cross-reference: Gmelin:8868
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: carbon
id: CHEBI:33415
in_subset: 3 STAR

hydrocarbylene group
type: Class
subclass of: organodiyl group
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A bivalent group formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon, the free valencies of which are not engaged in a double bond.
imported from: chebi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 23.10.2023
creation date: 26.08.2022
has_exact_synonym: hydrocarbylene group
has_exact_synonym: hydrocarbylene groups
has_related_synonym: groupe hydrocarbylene
has_related_synonym: grupo hidrocarbileno
has_related_synonym: grupos hidrocarbileno

copernicium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010.

metal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
definition: An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.

main group molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: main group compounds
has_related_synonym: main group molecular entities
id: CHEBI:33579
in_subset: 3 STAR

carbon group molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: p-block molecular entity
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: carbon group molecular entity
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: carbon group molecular entities
id: CHEBI:33582
in_subset: 3 STAR

cyclic compound
type: Class
subclass of: molecule
definition: Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: cyclic compounds
id: CHEBI:33595
in_subset: 3 STAR

aromatic compound
type: Class
subclass of: cyclic compound
definition: A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
has_exact_synonym: aromatic compounds
has_exact_synonym: aromatic molecular entity
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: aromatics
has_related_synonym: aromatische Verbindungen
id: CHEBI:33655
in_subset: 3 STAR

organic aromatic compound
type: Class
subclass of: aromatic compound
subclass of: organic cyclic compound
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organic aromatic compounds
id: CHEBI:33659
in_subset: 3 STAR

p-block molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: main group molecular entity
definition: A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: p-block compounds
has_related_synonym: p-block molecular entities
has_related_synonym: p-block molecular entitiy
id: CHEBI:33675
in_subset: 3 STAR

organic cyclic compound
type: Class
subclass of: cyclic compound
subclass of: organic molecule
definition: Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organic cyclic compounds
id: CHEBI:33832
in_subset: 3 STAR

heteroarene
type: Class
subclass of: organic heterocyclic compound
subclass of: organic aromatic compound
definition: A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: heteroarenes
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: hetarenes
id: CHEBI:33833
in_subset: 3 STAR

macromolecule
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: material entity
definition: A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.

organonitrogen compound
type: Class
subclass of: heteroorganic entity
subclass of: nitrogen molecular entity
definition: Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: organonitrogen compounds
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organonitrogens
id: CHEBI:35352
in_subset: 3 STAR

organic disulfide
type: Class
subclass of: organosulfur compound
subclass of: disulfide
definition: Compounds of structure RSSR in which R and R' are organic groups.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
charge: 0
formula: S2R2
mass: 64.13000
monoisotopicmass: 63.94414
smile: [*]SS[*]
has_exact_synonym: disulfides
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: an organic disulfide
has_related_synonym: organic disulfides
id: CHEBI:35489
in_subset: 3 STAR

polyatomic entity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: polyatomic entities
id: CHEBI:36357
in_subset: 3 STAR

polyatomic ion
type: Class
subclass of: ion
subclass of: polyatomic entity
definition: An ion consisting of more than one atom.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: polyatomic ions
id: CHEBI:36358
in_subset: 3 STAR

pseudohalide anion
type: Class
subclass of: polyatomic monoanion
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: pseudohalide ions
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: pseudohalide anions
has_related_synonym: pseudohalides
has_related_synonym: pseudohalogen anion
has_related_synonym: pseudohalogen ion
id: CHEBI:36828
in_subset: 3 STAR

polyatomic monoanion
type: Class
subclass of: polyatomic anion
subclass of: monoanion
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: polyatomic monoanions
id: CHEBI:36829
in_subset: 3 STAR

monoanion
type: Class
subclass of: anion
preliminary broad class assigned: false
charge: -1
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: monoanions
id: CHEBI:36830
in_subset: 3 STAR

organochalcogen compound
type: Class
subclass of: heteroorganic entity
subclass of: chalcogen molecular entity
definition: An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_exact_synonym: organochalcogen compound
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organochalcogen compounds
id: CHEBI:36962
in_subset: 3 STAR

tetraphosphorus decaoxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity

organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
type: Class
subclass of: organic heterocyclic compound
subclass of: organonitrogen compound
definition: Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds
has_related_synonym: organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds
id: CHEBI:38101
in_subset: 3 STAR

organosulfur heterocyclic compound
type: Class
subclass of: organic heterocyclic compound
subclass of: organosulfur compound
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: heterocyclic organosulfur compounds
has_related_synonym: organosulfur heterocyclic compounds
id: CHEBI:38106
in_subset: 3 STAR

monocyclic heteroarene
type: Class
subclass of: heteroarene
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: monocyclic heteroarenes
id: CHEBI:38179
in_subset: 3 STAR

1,3-thiazoles
type: Class
subclass of: thiazoles
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:26949
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:38417
has_exact_synonym: 1,3-thiazoles
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:38418
in_subset: 3 STAR

disulfide
type: Class
subclass of: sulfur molecular entity
definition: Compounds of structure RSSR'.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: disulfides
id: CHEBI:48343
in_subset: 3 STAR

thiazoles
type: Class
subclass of: organosulfur heterocyclic compound
subclass of: azole
definition: An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: thiazole
id: CHEBI:48901
in_subset: 3 STAR

argon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

gallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
definition: A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.

hydrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

holmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

iridium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

krypton atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

praseodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

rhenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

xenon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

nanostructure
type: Class
subclass of: polyatomic entity
definition: A nanometre sized object.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: nanoestructura
id: CHEBI:50795
in_subset: 3 STAR

nanoparticle
type: Class
subclass of: nanostructure
definition: A nanosized spherical or capsule-shaped structure.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: NP
has_related_synonym: Nanoteilchen
has_related_synonym: nanoparticles
has_related_synonym: nanoparticula
has_related_synonym: nanoparticule
id: CHEBI:50803
in_subset: 3 STAR

carbon nanostructure
type: Class
subclass of: elemental carbon
subclass of: nanostructure
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: carbon nanostructures
id: CHEBI:50812
in_subset: 3 STAR

organic molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: carbon group molecular entity
definition: Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:25700
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:33244
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organic compounds
has_related_synonym: organic entity
has_related_synonym: organic molecular entities
id: CHEBI:50860
in_subset: 3 STAR

nitrogen molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: pnictogen molecular entity
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:25556
has_alternative_id: CHEBI:7594
has cross-reference: KEGG:C06061
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: Nitrogenous compounds
has_related_synonym: nitrogen compounds
has_related_synonym: nitrogen molecular entities
id: CHEBI:51143
in_subset: 3 STAR

organodiyl group
type: Class
subclass of: organic divalent group
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s).
imported from: chebi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 23.10.2023
creation date: 26.08.2022
has_related_synonym: organodiyl groups

organic divalent group
type: Class
subclass of: organic group
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Lars Vogt
language: English
creation date: 23.10.2023
id: CHEBI:51446

polyurethane macromolecule
type: Class
subclass of: macromolecule
definition: A homopolymer macromolecule composed of units connected by carbamate (-O-CO-NH-) linkages.

heterocyclic compound
type: Class
subclass of: cyclic compound
definition: A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.
has_exact_synonym: Heterocyclic compound
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: compuesto heterociclico
has_related_synonym: compuestos heterociclicos
has_related_synonym: heterocycle
has_related_synonym: heterocyclic compounds
id: CHEBI:5686
in_subset: 3 STAR

chemical substance
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
subclass of: portion of matter
definition: A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: Chemische Substanz
id: CHEBI:59999
in_subset: 3 STAR
comment: Frequently used for fluidic portions of matter and/or in the context of chemical reactions. Boundary to material not always sharp.
label: chemische Substanz @de

pure substance
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
definition: A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind.
example: Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. In contrast, salt water 'has part' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'has part' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mixture
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
definition: A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: Mischung
id: CHEBI:60004
in_subset: 3 STAR
label: Mischung @de

azole
type: Class
subclass of: organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
subclass of: monocyclic heteroarene
definition: Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Azole
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: azoles
id: CHEBI:68452
in_subset: 3 STAR

organic molecule
type: Class
subclass of: molecule
subclass of: organic molecular entity
definition: Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organic compound
has_related_synonym: organic compounds
has_related_synonym: organic molecules
id: CHEBI:72695
in_subset: 3 STAR

polymerisation monomer
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Any compound used as a monomer for a polymerisation process. The term is generally used in relation to industrial polymerisation processes.

plasticizer
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Any compound that is used as an additive to increase the plasticity or fluidity of a substance, particularly but not exclusively to synthetic polymers.
imported from: chebi.owl
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 22.08.2022
creation date: 22.08.2022
comment: plasticiser
label: weichmacher @de

lead oxide
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: An inorganic lead salt composed from lead(2+) and oxide.

organic sulfur anion
type: Class
subclass of: organic anion
subclass of: sulfur molecular entity
definition: An organic anion in which the charge resides on a sulfur atom.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
has_related_synonym: organic sulfur anions
id: CHEBI:84291
in_subset: 3 STAR

dithiocarbamate anions
type: Class
subclass of: organic sulfur anion
definition: Any organic sulfur anion resulting from the removal of a proton from any N-substituted dithiocarbamic acid.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
charge: -1
formula: CNS2R2
mass: 90.14800
monoisotopicmass: 89.94722
smile: [S-]C(=S)N([*])[*]
has_obo_namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:84292
in_subset: 3 STAR

laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A type of atomic emission spectrometry where a high energy laser pulse is used to generate a plasma which acts as the excitation source.
imported from: chmo.owl
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.08.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chmo.owl

extrusion [chmo]
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile by forcing or drawing a material through a die.
imported from: chmo.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Extrudieren [chmo] @de

mixing [chmo]
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state. The mixing may be achieved manually or mechanically by shifting the material with stirrers or pumps or by revolving or shaking the container. The process μst not permit segregation of particles of different size or properties. Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system. [ https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03945 ]
imported from: chmo.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Mischen [chmo] @de

concentration output
type: Class
subclass of: measurement metadata
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Experimental method output expressing the contribution of one constituent to the composition of a mixture. (chmo defined)
imported from: chmo.owl
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chmo.owl

completely executed planned process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: plan
disjoint with: failed planned process
disjoint with: biological_process

planned process
type: Class
subclass of: process
disjoint with: material reacting process
definition: A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification.

failed planned process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process

device zone
type: Class
subclass of: site
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000176
  all values from: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A site that is a designated region within a technical device where a specific function of the device is realized.
editor note: Modelled as a subclass of Site because industrial 'zones' are typically functional subdivisions rather than physically separated parts.
alternative term: device section
Contributor: Lars Vogt
language: English
last update on: 24.09.2025
creation date: 24.09.2025
comment: Examples include feeding zone, compression zone, pin zone, and metering zone of an extruder.
label: Gerätezone @de

extruder zone
type: Class
subclass of: device zone
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000176
  all values from: extruder
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A device zone that is part of an extruder and in which a sub-process of extrusion occurs.
alternative term: extruder section
Contributor: Lars Vogt
language: English
last update on: 24.09.2025
creation date: 24.09.2025
comment: Examples include feeding zone, compression zone, pin zone, and metering zone of an extruder.
label: Extruderzone @de

measurement quality
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: In relation to optical measuring methods, a rating for the precision of a reconstructed measurement object.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: imr
last update on: 18.08.2022
creation date: 31.3.2022

geometry
type: Class
subclass of: data item
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: imr
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

geometry
type: Class
subclass of: data item
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A coherent set of direct positions in space. The positions are held within a Spatial Reference System (SRS).
definition source: http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Geometry
imported from: geosparql#
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 18.08.2022
creation date: 31.3.2022

triangulation
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
definition: geometrical method to determine distances between to points
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: imr
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 31.3.2022

surface of extrudate
type: Class
subclass of: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: uppermost layer of the extrudate
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: imr
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

distance between sensor and extrudate
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: imr
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

extrudate norm
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: ideal dimensions and shape of the extrudate defined by the manufacturer
coarse classification: information content entity
Contributor: imr
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

camera coordinate system
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: "The camera coordinate system has its origin at the perspective centre of the image. It is further defined by reference features fixed in the camera (fiducial marks, réseau, sensor system). It can therefore be reconstructed from the image and related to an image measuring device" (Luhmann et al. 2020: 278)
definition source: Luhmann, Robson, Kyle & Boehm (2020): Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging, 3rd ed. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: jade
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

exterior orientation
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: "The exterior orientation consists of six parameters which describe the spatial position and orientation of the camera coordinate system with respect to the global object coordinate system" (Luhmann et al. 2020: 277)
definition source: Luhmann, Robson, Kyle & Boehm (2020): Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging, 3rd ed. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston
coarse classification: information content entity
Contributor: jade
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

camera calibration
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: "The photogrammetric determination of the parameters of interior orientation is usually referred to as calibration. This is based on the idea that once a mechanically stable camera is calibrated, it may be moved from one image taking location to another whilst retaining its calibration." (Luhmann, Robson et al. 2020: 170)
definition source: Luhmann, Robson, Kyle & Boehm (2020): Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging, 3rd ed. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: jade
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

bundle adjustment method
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
definition: "Bundle adjustment [...] is a method for the simultaneous numerical fit of an unlimited number of spatially distributed images (bundles of rays). It makes use of photogrammetric observations (measured image points), survey observations and an object coordinate system. Using tie points, single images are merged into a global model in which the object surface can be reconstructed in three dimensions." (Luhmann et al. 2020: 349f.)
alternative term: bundle block adjustment
alternative term: bundle triangulation
alternative term: multi-image orientation
alternative term: multi-image triangulation
definition source: Luhmann, Robson, Kyle & Boehm (2020): Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging, 3rd ed. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: jade
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 31.3.2022

agent
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An active power or cause (as principle, substance, physical or biological factor, etc.) that produces a specific effect.
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C1708
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: role
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 22.08.2022
creation date: 22.08.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

elastomer
type: Class
subclass of: drop door temperature
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Elastomers are dimensionally stable but elastically deformable plastics. They are producest by vulcanization of rubber.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 2023-04-02
label: Elastomere @de

industry 4.0
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Industry 4.0 is the intelligent networking of machines and processes in the industrial environment, with the help of information and communication technology and thus digitization of the industrial production.
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 2024-02-19T00:00:00
creation date: 2023-04-02T00:00:00
label: Industrie 4.0 @de

rubber
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rubber is an elastic substance made either from the juice of particular tropical trees or artificially. It is raw material for car tires and other technical products.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 2024-02-19T00:00:00
creation date: 2023-04-02T00:00:00
label: Kautschuk @de

microcontroller
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Microcontrollers are compact integrated circuits designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. Typically a microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output peripherals on a single chip.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 2024-02-19T00:00:00
creation date: 2023-04-02T00:00:00
label: Mikrocontroller @de

online characterisation
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Online characterisation is the characterization of the material properties during the process and on the real process line in order to be able to react to fluctuations during production.
coarse classification: process
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 2024-02-19T00:00:00
creation date: 2023-04-02T00:00:00
label: Online-Charakterisierung @de

online optimization
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Online optimization is the adjustment of process parameters in the running process for process optimization.
coarse classification: process
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 2024-02-19T00:00:00
creation date: 2023-04-02T00:00:00
label: Online-Optimierung @de

rolling
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rolling is the second of the three areas of the extrusion line. Where the material is homogenised.
coarse classification: process
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 2024-02-16T00:00:00
creation date: 2023-04-02T00:00:00
label: Walzen @de

twin screw extruder
type: Class
subclass of: extruder
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Twin screw extruders have two screws, which have more shear and mixing capability than the single screw in a singel screw extruder. Depending on the direction of rotation of the screws, a distinction is made between counter-rotating and co-rotating twin-screw extruders.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.09.2025
creation date: 2023-04-02
label: Zweischneckenextruder @de

mixing temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Control variable that specifies at which temperature mixing takes place.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19-02-2024
creation date: 02-04-2023
label: Mischungstemperatur @de

stamp pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rücksprache DIK
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.2.2024
creation date: 02.4.2023
label: Stemepeldruck @de

screw speed
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Control variable that indicates how high the rotational speed of the extruder screw is.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 2024-02-19T00:00:00
creation date: 2023-04-02T00:00:00
label: Schneckendrezahl @de

screw torque
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Screw torque is a measured variable that indicates how high the torque of the screw is during extrusion.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber
Contributor: ita
language: English
last update on: 19.2.2024
creation date: 02.4.2023
label: Schneckendrehmoment @de

tempering screw
type: Class
subclass of: object
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Control variable for setting the temperature of the screw.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.2.2024
creation date: 02.4.2023
label: Temperierung Schnecke @de

tempering feed roller
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Control variable for setting the temperature of the feed roller.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.2.2024
creation date: 02.4.2023
label: Temperierung Speisewalze @de

tempering cylinder
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Control variable for setting the temperature of the cylinder.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.2.2024
creation date: 02.4.2023
label: Temperierung Zylinder @de

cylinder pressure
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Measured variable that indicates how high the pressure in the cylinder is during extrusion.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 2024-02-19T00:00:00
creation date: 2023-04-02T00:00:00
label: Zylinderdruck @de

tempering tool
type: Class
subclass of: object
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Control variable for setting the temperature of the tool.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.2.2024
creation date: 02.4.2023
label: Temperiung Werkzeug @de

extrusion pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Measured variable that indicates how high is the pressure during extrusion.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: Werkzeugdruck @de

outlet surface
type: Class
subclass of: surface
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The outlet sourface of the extruder gives the extrudate its characteristic geometry.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19.02.2024
creation date: 02-04-2023
label: Austrittsfläche @de

Extrusion throughput
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The extrusion throughput indicates how many kilograms of material are extruded in a given unit of time.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Sebastian Leineweber [ita]
language: English
last update on: 19-02-2024
creation date: 02-04-2023
label: Extrusionsdurchsatz @de

cost group
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: Cumulative expression for the value of overarching entity groups (e.g., human ressource, maintenance) within the system under study
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: kostengruppe @de

energy cost
type: Class
subclass of: cost
definition: A cost group for all cost values occuring from entity sub-groups in the energy cost group and the associated factors
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr
Contributor: hsh
last update on: 19.09.2025
creation date: 31.03.2022
label: energiekosten @de

material cost
type: Class
subclass of: cost
definition: A cost group for all cost values occuring from entity sub-groups in the material cost group and the associated factors
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr
Contributor: hsh
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: materialkosten @de

turnover
type: Class
subclass of: cost group
definition: A cost group for the total sales value generated in a time period X by the system under investigation
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: umsatz @de

raw material
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The basic materials from which a finished product is made in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity in the material cost and waste management cost group.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: rohmaterial @de

semi-finished product
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Processed raw materials that are not used for final consumption but as input for the production of finished goods in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity in the material cost and waste management cost group.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: halbfabrikat @de

finished product
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The product that emerges at the end of the production process of the system under study. Constitutes an entity in the material cost, production cost, and waste management cost group.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: endprodukt @de

operator
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A person that operates some apparatus or machine.
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C48036
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: role
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 22.08.2022
creation date: 22.08.2022

supervisor
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An individual who is responsible for managing or operating a business, organization, team or department.
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C134832
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: role
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 22.08.2022
creation date: 22.08.2022

operational assistant
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A person who supports an operator in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity of the human ressource and the production cost group.
coarse classification: role
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: hsh
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: hilfskraft @de

warehouse clerk
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A person who handles a company's incoming and outgoing raw materials, semi-finished prodcuts as well as finished products, and who manages stocks in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity of the human ressource and the storage cost group.
coarse classification: role
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: hsh
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: lagerist @de

quality inspector
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A person who monitors the quality of incoming and outgoing products or materials in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity of the human ressource and the production cost group.
coarse classification: role
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: hsh
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: qualitätsprüfer @de

energy consumption
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The amount of electricity (kw/h) that is consumed by all entities in the system under investigation. Constitutes a factor of the energy cost, storage cost and production cost group.
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: stromverbrauch @de

deprecated class
type: Class
Contributor: Lars M Vogt
language: English
last update on: 31.09.2023
creation date: 31.09.2023

throughput
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: The amount of raw materials, semi-finished products or finished products passing through a machine entity in the time X in the system under investigation.
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: durchsatz @de

banbury mixer
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A machine that mixes polymers and additives in the manufacture of plastic and rubber products. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the machine entity.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 01.01.2024
creation date: 01.01.2024
label: Knetmaschine @de

tire-building machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A machine that assembles all components and semi-finished products to produce a tire. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the machine entity.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: reifenproduktionsmaschine @de

calandar
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A machine that combines a series of hard pressure rollers used to finish or smooth a sheet of rubber material. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the machine entity.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 01.01.2024
creation date: 01.01.2024
label: Kalandar @de

tool
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: An object shaped for repair and installation purposes, with the help of which something is processed or manufactured.Constitutes an entity sub-group of the wear parts entity.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: wekzeuge @de

synthetic rubber
type: Class
subclass of: rubber particle
definition: Any of several substances similar to natural rubber in properties and uses, produced synthetically. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the raw material entity.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: synthetikkautschuk @de

filling material
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
definition: Material that is required to manipulate the properties of rubber products. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the raw material entity.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: füllstoffe @de

reinforcing material
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Material that is used to support the structure of rubber-based products (e.g., steel cords). Constitutes an entity subgroup of the raw material entity.
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: verstärkungsmaterialien @de

raman spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A graph presents a number of peaks, showing the intensity and wavelength position of the Raman scattered light, in which each peak corresponds to a specific molecular bond vibration.
definition source: https://www.horiba.com/ind/raman-imaging-and-spectroscopy/
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Christoph Lenth [ifnano]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

FTIR spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
definition: Fourier transform infrared involves the probing of matter with infrared radiation. It is based on periodic changes in dipole moments caused by molecular vibrations during the absorption of IR radiation and gives spectroscopic fingerprints.
definition source: https://www.hamamatsu.com/eu/en/applications/analytical-equipment/infrared-spectroscopy.html
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Yaman Alsalka (IFNANO)
last update on: 31.03.2022
creation date: 31.03.2022
comment: Method

ATR-FTIR
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
definition: An attenuated total reflection accessory operates by measuring the changes that occur in a totally internally reflected infrared beam when the beam comes into contact with a sample.
definition source: https://cmdis.rpi.edu/sites/default/files/ATR_FTIR.pdf
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka (IFNANO)
last update on: 31.03.2022
creation date: 31.03.2022
comment: Method

raw rubber samples
type: Class
subclass of: raw material
definition: Natural and synthetic rubber materials that are modified and shaped into rubber products through the rubber extrusion process.
definition source: https://www.extrudedrubber.net/
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka (IFNANO)
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.03.2022

concentration
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The quantity of a substance per unit volume or weight; a measure of the amount of substance present in a unit amount of mixture, particularly, the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. The amounts can be expressed as moles, masses, volumes, or parts. (ncit defined)
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C41185
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.08.2022
creation date: 31.3.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

distribution quality
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: A quality of a sample in terms of homogenity, or the distribution of concentration of a specific component in a mixture, in a macroscopic body.
alternative term: Verteilungsgüte; homogenity
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
refers to competence question: IFNANO:02_CQ; IFNANO:03_CQ
Contributor: Sven Schwabe (IFNANO)
last update on: 06.04.2022
creation date: 31.03.2022

peak
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: In Spectroscopy, peaks are features of a spectrum. A peak comprise a restricted region of a spectrum, which is absorbed or emitted with high intensity. It is defined as a local maximum in the spectrum.
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
refers to competence question: IFNANO:01_CQ
Contributor: Sven Schwabe (IFNANO)
last update on: 06.06.2023
creation date: 31.03.2022
comment: in Spectroscopy

raw spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: Unprocessed data obtained from spectrometric devices
alternative term: Rohspektrum
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
refers to competence question: IFNANO:01_CQ
Contributor: Sven Schwabe (IFNANO)
last update on: 06.04.2022
creation date: 31.03.2022

processed spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: Result of different mathematical processes conducted on raw Spectra. Processing steps include, e.g., normalization and baseline correction.
alternative term: bearbeitetes Spektrum; verarbeitetes Spektrum
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
refers to competence question: IFNANO:01_CQ
Contributor: Sven Schwabe (IFNANO)
last update on: 06.04.2022
creation date: 31.03.2022

photometric measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: Measurement using photometry
coarse classification: process
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: ifnano
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

measurement metadata
type: Class
subclass of: metadata
definition: metadata that belong to a measurement. They complete the measurment data providing information about the condition under which the measurements have been taken place.
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Christoph Lenth
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

photometry
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
definition: Measurement method using visible light to analyse the property of a substance
definition source: Photometrie
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Christoph Lenth [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
creation date: 31.03.2022

digital image processing
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
definition: The use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm.
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: ifnano
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 31.3.2022

analytical target
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The information represented by one or more variables, which has to be predicted by data analysis in instrumental analytics
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Christoph Lenth [ifnano]
last update on: 19.09.2025
creation date: 31.03.2022

geometry correction
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
definition: In terms of digtal image procession: correction methods to compensate image errors caused by lense distorsion or perspective.
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Jan Geweke [ifnano]
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 31.3.2022

monomer
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
definition: Asubstance which is capable of forming covalent bonds with a sequence of additional like or unlike molecules under the conditions of the relevant polymerforming reaction used for the particular process
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: ifnano
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

polymer
type: Class
equivalent class: polymer
subclass of: mixture
subclass of: material
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc..
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60027
imported from: chebi.owl
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.08.2022
creation date: 19.08.2022
has_related_synonym: Kunststoff @de
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl
label: Polymer @de

polymer composition
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The relative proportions of monomers that make up a particular chemical polymer (raw rubber).
Contributor: Christoph Lenth [ifnano]
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

sample
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A material entity, which is part of a larger set of the same material entity
alternative term: Probe; Materialprobe
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_(material)
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
refers to competence question: IFNANO:01_CQ; IFNANO:02_CQ
Contributor: Sven Schwabe (IFNANO)
last update on: 06.04.2022
creation date: 06.04.2022
comment: for materials, sample is also a term used in statistics, graphics and other fileds

filler agglomerate
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
definition: Group of interlocked filler aggregates that are easily separated by normal rubber processing
definition: Verbund von zusammenhängenden Aggregaten, die bei normaler Kautschukverarbeitung leicht getrennt werden können @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 03.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: 0
label: Füllstoffagglomerat @de

filler aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
definition: Rigid group of coalesced filler particles which is the smallest entity that can be dispersed by normal rubber processing
definition: Starre Gruppe von koaleszierten Partikeln, welche die kleinste Einheit ist, die bei normaler Kautschukverarbeitung dispergiert werden kann @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 03.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Füllaggregat @de

particle
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: Kleinste erkennbare sphärische oder beinahe sphärische materielle Einheit, die als solche einzeln existieren kann @de
definition: Smallest discernible spherical or nearly spherical material entity which can exist separately
alternative term: Teilchen @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 23.10.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: Die Partikel bilden in der Regel Gruppen, die als Aggregate bezeichnet werden. @de
comment: Groups of particles are generally coalesced into aggregates.
label: Partikel @de

raw rubber
type: Class
subclass of: rubber particle
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Natur- oder synthetischer Kautschuk, gewöhnlich in Ballen- oder Paketform, welcher das Ausgangsmaterial für die Herstellung von Gummiprodukten darstellt @de
definition: natural or synthetic rubber, usually in bales or packages, forming the starting material for the manufacture of rubber products
alternative term: unbehandelter Kautschuk @de
alternative term: virgin rubber
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 03.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: It is normally free from compounding ingredients but may also, for example, take the form of a masterbatch with oil and/or filler.
comment: Rohkautschuk ist normalerweise frei von Mischungsbestandteilen, kann jedoch zum Beispiel auch als Masterbatch mit Öl und/oder Füllstoff vorliegen. @de
label: Rohkautschuk @de

synthetic rubber
type: Class
subclass of: rubber particle
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Kautschuk, der durch nicht biologische Polymerisation eines oder mehrerer Monomere hergestellt wird @de
definition: rubber produced by non-biologically polymerizing one or more monomers
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 03.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Synthesekautschuk @de

M-group rubber
type: Class
subclass of: rubber particle
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Kautschuk mit einer gesättigten Kohlenstoffkette vom Polymethylen-Typ @de
definition: Rubber with a saturated carbon chain of the polymethylene type
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: ISO 1629:2013(E)
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 04.05.2022
label: M-Gruppe Kautschuk @de

ethylene propylene diene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: rubber particle
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Terpolymer aus Ethylen, Propylen und einem Dien mit dem restlichen ungesättigten Anteil des polymerisierten Diens in der Seitenkette @de
definition: Terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene with the remaining unsaturated portion of the polymerized diene in the side chain
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: ISO 1629:2013(E)
last update on: 03.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: EPDM
label: Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-‎Kautschuk @de

diene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: rubber particle
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Kautschuktyp, der eine ungesättigte Kohlenstoffhauptkette hat, die zumeist auf Butadien oder substituiertem Butadien basiert @de
definition: type of rubber having an unsaturated carbon main chain derived mostly from butadiene or a substituted butadiene
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Dienkautschuk @de

Keltan 5470C
type: Class
subclass of: EPDM rubber
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für ein spezifischen EPDM-Kautschuk @de
definition: Trade name for a specific EPDM rubber
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 04.05.2022

filler
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: fester Mischungsbestandteil in Teilchenform, welcher aus technischen oder wirtschaftlichen Gründen zu einem relativ großen Anteil zu Kautschuk oder Kautschuklatex zugegeben werden kann @de
definition: solid compounding ingredient, in particulate form, which may be added in relatively large proportions to a polymer or rubber latex for technical or economic purposes
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Füllstoff @de

carbon black
type: Class
subclass of: elemental carbon
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An elemental carbon in the form of virtually pure colloidal particles that are produced by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons under controlled conditions. A black, finely divided pellet or powder, its properties of specific surface area, particle size and structure, conductivity and colour can be varied by varying the exact conditions for its production. It is used in tyres, rubber and plastic products, printing inks and coatings.
definition source: CHEBI_82297
imported from: chebi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 23.10.2023
creation date: 24.08.2022
has cross-reference: CAS:1333-86-4
has cross-reference: KEGG:C19202
has cross-reference: PMID:24291665
has cross-reference: PMID:24669321
has cross-reference: PMID:25071917
has cross-reference: PMID:26803751
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Carbon_black
label: Ruß @de

N-carbon black
type: Class
subclass of: carbon black
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Der Buchstabe "N" wird verwendet, um eine normale Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit anzugeben, die typisch ist für Furnace Blacks, die nicht speziell modifiziert wurden, um die Vulkanisierungsgeschwindigkeit zu ändern @de
definition: The letter “N” is used to indicate a normal curing rate typical of furnace blacks that have received no special modification to alter their influence on the rate of cure of rubber.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: ASTM D1765-10
last update on: 05.05.2022
creation date: 05.05.2022
label: N-Ruß @de

S-carbon black
type: Class
subclass of: carbon black
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Der Buchstabe "S" wird für Channel Blacks oder für Furnace Blacks verwendet, die so modifiziert wurden, dass sie die Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit verringern. @de
definition: The letter “S” is used for channel blacks or for furnace blacks that have been modified to effectively reduce the curing rate of rubber.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: ASTM D1765-10
last update on: 05.05.2022
creation date: 05.05.2022
label: S-Ruß @de

N600-Carbon Black
type: Class
subclass of: N-carbon black
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An N carbon black with an average nitrogen surface area of 33 to 39 m²/g.
definition: Ein N-Ruß mit einer durchschnittlichen Stickstoff-Oberfläche von 33 bis 39 m²/g. @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: ASTM D1765-10
last update on: 05.05.2022
creation date: 05.05.2022
label: N600-Ruß @de

Corax N660
type: Class
subclass of: carbon black
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für ein spezifischen N600-Ruß @de
definition: Trade name for a specific N600-carbon black
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022

softener
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mischungsbestandteil, welcher in geringen Mengen verwendet wird, um die Viskosität einer unvulkanisierten Kautschukmischung oder die Härte eines Vulkanisats zu verringern @de
definition: compounding ingredient used in small proportions to reduce the viscosity of an unvulcanized rubber mix or the hardness of a vulcanizate
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Weichmacher @de

paraffinic oil
type: Class
subclass of: mixture
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Prozessöl aus Kohlenwasserstoffen, das größtenteils oder vollständig aus Alkanen besteht @de
definition: hydrocarbon process oil, most or all of which is composed of alkanes
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Paraffinöl @de

‎P460
type: Class
subclass of: paraffinic oil
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für ein spezifisches Paraffinöl @de
definition: Trade name for a specific paraffinic oil
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022

process oil
type: Class
subclass of: mixture
has curation status: uncurated
definition: hydrocarbon oil derived from petroleum or other sources and used as an extender or processing aid
definition: Öl auf Basis von Kohlenwasserstoffen, welches aus Erdöl oder anderen Quellen stammt und als Extender oder Verarbeitungshilfsmittel eingesetzt wird @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: ‎Prozessöl‎ @de

processing aid
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mischungsbestandteil, der die Verarbeitbarkeit einer Kautschukmischung verbessert @de
definition: compounding ingredient which improves the processability of a rubber compound or mix
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Verarbeitungshilfsmittel @de

antidegradant
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mischungsbestandteil zur Verzögerung einer alterungsbedingten Verschlechterung @de
definition: compounding ingredient used to retard deterioration by ageing
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: Alterungsschutzmittel ist eine allgemeine Benennung für bestimmte Additive wie Antioxidantien, Ozonschutzmittel, Wachse und andere Schutzmittel. @de
comment: Antidegradant is a generic term for certain additives such as antioxidants, antiozonants, waxes and other protective materials.
label: Alterungsschutzmittel @de

Antilux 500‎
type: Class
subclass of: pure substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für ein spezifisches Alterungsschutzmittel @de
definition: Trade name for a specific antidegradant
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022

zinc oxide
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: dik
language: English
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 3.5.2022
label: Zinkoxid @de

Zinkoxid Rotsiegel
type: Class
subclass of: zinc oxide
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für ein spezifisches Zinkoxid @de
definition: Trade name for a specific zinc oxide
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: zinkoxid rotsiegel @de

PALMERA B 1802-CG
type: Class
subclass of: stearic acid
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für eine spezifische Stearinsäure @de
definition: Trade name for a specific stearic acid
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: dik
language: English
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 3.5.2022

vulcanisation accelerator
type: Class
subclass of: pure substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: compounding ingredient used in small amounts with a vulcanizing agent to increase the speed of vulcanization and/or enhance the physical properties of the vulcanizate
definition: in kleinen Mengen mit einem Vulkanisationsmittel eingesetzter Mischungsbestandteil zur Beschleunigung der Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit und/oder Verbesserung der physikalischen Eigenschaften des Vulkanisates @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vulkanisationsbeschleuniger @de

primary vulcanisation accelerator
type: Class
subclass of: vulcanisation accelerator
has curation status: uncurated
definition: in einem Vulkanisationssystem verwendeter Hauptbeschleuniger @de
definition: principal accelerator used in a vulcanizing system
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Primärvulkanisationsbeschleuniger @de

secondary vulcanisation accelerator
type: Class
subclass of: vulcanisation accelerator
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Beschleuniger, der in niedrigen Konzentrationen zusammen mit dem Erstbeschleuniger eingesetzt wird, um Vernetzungsgeschwindigkeit und Vulkanisateigenschaften zu optimieren @de
definition: accelerator used in low concentrations with the primary accelerator to optimize cure rate and vulcanizate properties
alternative term: Verstärker @de
alternative term: booster
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Zweitvulkanisationsbeschleuniger @de

di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfide
type: Class
subclass of: organic disulfide
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl
imported from: CHEBI_53239
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Luis Ramos
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfid @de

Vulkacit MBTS
type: Class
subclass of: di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfide
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für ein spezifisches Di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfid @de
definition: Trade name for a specific di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfide
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 05.05.2022
creation date: 05.05.2022

thiuram
type: Class
subclass of: vulcanisation accelerator
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 20.10.2023
creation date: 05.05.2022
label: Thiuram @de

tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfide
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 05.05.2022
creation date: 05.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: TBzTD
label: Tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfid @de

Luvomaxx TbzTD
type: Class
subclass of: tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfide
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für ein spezifisches Tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfid @de
definition: Trade name for a specific tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfide
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022

dithiocarbamate
type: Class
subclass of: dithiocarbamate anions
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A member of the class of dithiocarbamate anions resulting from the deprotonation of both of the dithiocarbamic acid moieties of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid). The major species at pH 7.3.
alternative term: ethylenebis
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl
imported from: CHEBI_77308
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Luis Ramos
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Dithiocarbamat @de

zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate
type: Class
subclass of: vulcanisation accelerator
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 20.10.2023
creation date: 05.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: ZBDC
label: Zink-Dibenzyldithiocarbamat @de

Rhenogran ‎ZBDC 80‎
type: Class
subclass of: zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Handelsname für ein spezifisches Zink-Dibenzyldithiocarbamat @de
definition: Trade name for a specific zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022

vulcanizing agent
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mischungsbestandteil, der die Vernetzung des Kautschuks bewirkt @de
definition: compounding ingredient that produces crosslinking in rubber
alternative term: Vernetzer; Vernetzungsmittel @de
alternative term: curative; curing agent
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vulkanisationsmittel @de

vulcanizing system
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Kombination aus Vulkanisationsmittel und, falls erforderlich, Beschleunigern, Aktivatoren, Verzögerern, etc., die verwendet wird, um die gewünschte Vulkanisationscharakteristik und Vulkanisateigenschaften herzustellen @de
definition: combination of vulcanizing agent and, as required, accelerators, activators, retarders, etc., used to produce the desired vulcanization characteristics and vulcanizate properties
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vulkanisationssystem @de

cure rate
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine Kautschukmischung nach Einsetzen der initialen Vulkanisation weitervernetzt @de
definition: rate at which a rubber compound vulcanizes after having reached the point of incipient vulcanization
alternative term: Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit @de
alternative term: vulcanization rate
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vernetzungsgeschwindigkeit @de

retarder
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mischungsbestandteil, eingesetzt zur Verringerung der Tendenz einer Kautschukmischung, vorzeitig zu vulkanisieren @de
definition: compounding ingredient used to reduce the tendency of a rubber compound to vulcanize prematurely
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Verzögerer @de

sulfur
type: Class
subclass of: pure substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Sulfur is the chemical element of atomic number 16, a yellow combustible non-metal.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Schwefel @de

rubber compound recipe
type: Class
subclass of: recipe
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A recipe used in the preparation of a rubber compound.
definition: Ein Rezept, das bei der Herstellung einer Gummimischung verwendet wird. @de
alternative term: Kautschuk Mischungsrezeptur @de
alternative term: rubber compound formulation
Contributor: Lars Vogt
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 26.09.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022

compounding ingredient
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Substanz, die zu einem Kautschuk oder einem Latex gegeben wird, um eine Mischung herzustellen @de
definition: substance added to a rubber or rubber latex to form a mix
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Mischungsbestandteil‎ [dik] @de

compound
type: Class
subclass of: mixture
has curation status: uncurated
definition: gründliche Mischung von Kautschuken oder anderen polymerbildenden Materialien mit allen Bestandteilen, die für das fertige Produkt notwendig sind @de
definition: intimate mixture of a rubber or rubbers or other polymer-forming materials with all the ingredients necessary for the finished product
alternative term: Kautschukmischung @de
alternative term: rubber compound
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Mischung @de

safety data sheet
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Sicherheitsdatenblatt @de

product data sheet
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Produktdatenblatt @de

mill
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Maschine mit zwei gegensätzlich drehenden Walzen, häufig erwärmbar oder kühlbar, welche gewöhnlich mit verschiedenen Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten betrieben werden, und mit einstellbarem Walzenspalt zum Mastizieren, Mischen, Verschneiden, Vorwärmen oder zum Auswalzen @de
definition: machine with two counter-rotating rolls, frequently heated or cooled, usually driven at different speeds, and having an adjustable nip for mastication, mixing, blending, warm-up or sheeting
alternative term: Zwei-Rollen-Walzwerk @de
alternative term: two-roll mill
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Walzwerk @de

roll
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Zylinder, der ein rotierendes Hauptelement eines Kalanders oder eines Walzwerks bildet @de
definition: cylinder forming a major, rotating member of a calender or mill
alternative term: Walzenzylinder @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Walze @de

fixed roll
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Festwalze @de

setting roll
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Stellwalze @de

rotational frequency
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of its speed rotating around itself.
alternative term: speed
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Drehzahl @de

fixed roll speed
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Festwalzen-Drehzahl @de

setting roll speed
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Stellwalzen-Drehzahl @de

temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
alternative term: Temperierungsgerät; Temperierungsaggregat; Temperiersteuergerät @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: TCU
label: Temperatursteuergerät @de

fixed roll temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Festwalzen-Temperatursteuergerät @de

setting roll temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Stellwalzen-Temperatursteuergerät @de

fixed roll temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Festwalzen-Temperatur @de

setting roll temperature
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Stellwalzen-Temperatur @de

roller gap
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Abstand zwischen den Walzenoberflächen einer Walze oder eines Kalanders, gemessen zwischen den Mittelpunkten @de
definition: radial clearance between the roll surfaces of a mill or calender on a line of centres
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Walzenspalt @de

sheeting
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Process of converting a rubber or rubber mix, rubber dough or coagulated latex into a form in which the thickness is small in proportion to the length
definition: Prozess der Überführung von Kautschuk oder einer Kautschukmischung, Gummilösung oder koaguliertem Latex in eine Form, bei der die Dicke klein gegenüber der Länge ist @de
alternative term: Plattenziehen @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Auswalzen @de

dispersion [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Distribution of one or more ingredients into a rubber, a rubber blend or a continuum material, by the application of shearing forces, in order to confer optimum and uniform properties
definition: Verteilen eines oder mehrerer Bestandteile in Kautschuk, Kautschukblends oder einer kontinuierlichen Phase durch Anwendung von Scherkräften, um optimale und homogene Eigenschaften zu erhalten @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Dispergierung [dik] @de

mastication
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Prozess der irreversiblen Reduzierung der Molmasse des Kautschuks, entweder im rohen oder im gemischten Zustand, durch das Einbringen mechanischer Arbeit (Scherung) und durch atmosphärischen Sauerstoff, manchmal unter Zuhilfenahme von Abbaumitteln und Wärme @de
definition: the molecular mass of a rubber, in either the raw or the mixed state, by the action of mechanical work (shear) and atmospheric oxygen, sometimes assisted by peptizers and heat
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Mastikation @de

mixer device
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A mechanical device designed to blend materials or an electronic device designed to blend signals.
definition source: NCIT C50071
imported from: ncit.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Mischer @de

mechanical mixer
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A mechanical component designed to blend materials.
definition source: NCIT C172142
imported from: ncit.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Mechanischer Mischer @de

internal mixer
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical mixer
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Maschine mit Temperaturregelung, welche einen oder mehrere Rotoren in einer geschlossenen Kammer beinhaltet und zum Mastizieren und/oder zur Einarbeitung und Dispersion von Mischungsbestandteilen in den Kautschuk genutzt wird @de
definition: machine with temperature controls containing one or more rotors operating in a closed cavity used to masticate and/or to incorporate and disperse compounding ingredients into the rubber
alternative term: Kneter @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Innenmischer @de

rotor
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Rotor @de

mixing chamber
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Mischkammer @de

drop door
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Klappsattel @de

stamp
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
has curation status: uncurated
definition: In polymer mixing, a stamp is defined as a polymer material that is used to create patterns or shapes on a surface.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Stempel @de

rotor speed
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Rotor-Drehzahl @de

rotor temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Rotor-Temperatursteuergerät @de

rotor temperature
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Rotor-Temperatur @de

mixing chamber temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Mischkammer-Temperatursteuergerät @de

mixing chamber temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Mischkammer-Temperatur @de

drop door temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: drop door temperature control unit
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Klappsattel-Temperatursteuergerät @de

drop door temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Klappsattel-Temperatur @de

stamp temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Stempel-Temperatursteuergerät @de

stamp temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Stempel-Temperatur @de

torque unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
has curation status: uncurated
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Drehmoment Einheit @de

Newtonmeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: Nm

rotor torque
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Rotor-Drehmoment @de

mass temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The temperature of the bulk polymer material (polymer melt, rubber compound, or mixture) during processing, representing the average thermal state of the material mass rather than the temperature of surrounding equipment surfaces.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Massetemperatur @de

stamp distance
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Stempelweg @de

addition sequence
type: Class
subclass of: action specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Die Zugabereihenfolge bezieht sich darauf, wie verschiedene Bestandteile oder Substanzen nacheinander oder in einer bestimmten Reihenfolge verabreicht werden, um einen bestimmten Effekt zu erzielen. @de
definition: The sequence of addition refers to how different ingredients or substances are administered one after the other or in a specific order to achieve a certain effect.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.09.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Zugabereihenfolge @de

time of addition
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Zugabezeitpunkt @de

electrical power
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Elektrische Leistung @de

mixing time
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Mischzeit @de

filling ratio
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the ratio of the volume of a substance contained in the bearer and the bearer's own volume.
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Füllgrad @de

number of mixing stages
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Mischstufenanzahl [dik] @de

compound batch
type: Class
subclass of: mixture
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Product of one mixing operation
definition: Produkt eines Mischungsvorganges @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Mischungscharge @de

extruder
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Maschine, die mit Hilfe einer Schnecke oder einer hydraulischen Presse kontinuierlich ein Material formt, indem dieses durch eine oder mehrere Schablonen gepresst wird @de
definition: machine which, through the use of a screw or a hydraulic ram, continuously shapes a material by forcing it through a die or dies
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Extruder @de

single screw extruder
type: Class
subclass of: extruder
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Einschneckenextruder @de

pin extruder
type: Class
subclass of: extruder
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Stiftextruder @de

extruder pin
type: Class
subclass of: object
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A cylindrical or rod-shaped material object located in the pin zone of an extruder that enhances shearing and homogenization of polymer material.
alternative term: shearing pin
Contributor: Lars Vogt
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 24.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
comment: Pins improve material homogenization and facilitate polymer transport within the extruder.
label: Extruderstift @de

rubber extruder screw
type: Class
subclass of: object
has curation status: uncurated
definition: rotating member with one or more helical grooves, used to propel rubber along the barrel of an extruder
definition: rotierendes Glied mit einer oder mehreren helixförmigen Rillen, das verwendet wird, um einen Kautschuk innerhalb eines Extruderrohrs voranzutreiben @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Kautschukextruderschnecke @de

extruder die
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Teil eines Extruders, durch den das Material gedrückt wird und um ein Profil des Extrudats zu formen @de
definition: that part of an extruder through which material is forced, forming a profile of the extrudate
alternative term: Extruderwerkzeug; Extruderdüse @de
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Extruderschablone @de

extrudate
type: Class
subclass of: product (chemical reaction)
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Produkt eines Extrusionsprozesses @de
definition: product of an extrusion process
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Extrudat @de

extruder head
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Teil eines Extruders, welcher die Schablone mit Halterung enthält @de
definition: that part of an extruder which houses the die and die holder
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Extruderkopf @de

extrudate die swell
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Unterschied zwischen den Dimensionen des Profilquerschnittes eines Extrudats und den korrespondierenden Dimensionen des Auslaufkanals, welcher üblicherweise als prozentuelle Zunahme der Fläche des Querschnittes ausgedrückt wird @de
definition: difference between the dimensions of the cross-section of an extrudate and the corresponding dimensions of the die orifice, usually quantified as the percentage increase in the crosssectional area
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Extrudatspritzquellung @de

haul-off speed
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Abzugsgeschwindigkeit @de

conveyor belt
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 03.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Förderband @de

mass throughput
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: In polymers, mass throughput is the mass of polymer material that passes through a processing unit (e.g., extruder, mixer, or die) per unit time.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Massedurchsatz @de

pressure variation
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Pressure variation refers to the change in pressure within a fluid as a function of depth, position, and time, influenced by factors such as fluid density and gravitational force.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Druckschwankung @de

geometry variation
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Geometry variation refers to the distortion and rearrangement of polymer chains due to various factors such as temperature, pressure and external forces that can lead to changes in the polymer's physical properties such as viscosity, strength and flexibility.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Geometrieschwankung @de

surface
type: Class
subclass of: surface layer (fiat object part)
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Oberfläche @de

surface defect
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Oberflächenfehler @de

surface temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Oberflächentemperatur @de

die geometry
type: Class
subclass of: geometry
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Schablonengeometrie @de

extrudate cross section
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Extrudatquerschnitt @de

sensor
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity.
definition source: CHMO_0002793
imported from: chmo.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Sensor @de

temperature measuring sword
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Temperaturmessschwert @de

Pressure Sensor
type: Class
subclass of: sensor
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Drucksensor @de

temperature sensor
type: Class
subclass of: sensor
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Temperatursensor @de

gearbox
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Getriebe @de

engine
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Motor @de

motor
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.
alternative term: engine
definition source: ENVO_01000610
imported from: envo.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022

feeding roll
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Speisewalze @de

pin zone
type: Class
subclass of: extruder zone
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An extruder zone equipped with pins that enhance mixing and shearing of the material during extrusion.
alternative term: mixing pin section
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Lars Vogt
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 24.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
comment: Pins protruding into the extruder channel increase material mixing, cooling, and homogenization.
label: Stiftzone @de

feeding zone
type: Class
subclass of: extruder zone
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An extruder zone in which raw polymer material is introduced into the extruder for subsequent processing.
alternative term: feed zone
Contributor: Lars Vogt
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 24.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
comment: Typically the first section of an extruder barrel, where raw compound is fed before melting or mixing.
label: Einzugszone @de

molding zone
type: Class
subclass of: extruder zone
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A device zone in which polymer material is shaped under pressure and temperature into a mold cavity.
alternative term: forming zone
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Lars Vogt
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 24.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Werkzeugzone @de

feeding roll temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Speisewalzen-Temperatursteuergerät @de

feeding roll temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Speisewalzen-Temperatur @de

screw temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Schnecken-Temperatursteuergerät @de

screw temperature
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Schnecken-Temperatur @de

feeding zone temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Einzugszonen-Temperatursteuergerät @de

feeding zone temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Einzugszonen-Temperatur @de

pin zone temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Stiftzonen-Temperatursteuergerät @de

pin zone temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Stiftzonen-Temperatur @de

molding zone temperature control unit
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Werkzeugzonen-Temperatursteuergerät @de

molding zone temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Werkzeugzonen-Temperatur @de

vulcanization time
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vulkanisationszeit @de

crosslink density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Anzahl von Vernetzungen in einem Vulkanisat je Volumen- oder Masseneinheit @de
definition: number of crosslinks per unit volume or unit mass of vulcanizate
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vernetzungsdichte @de

vulcanizate
type: Class
equivalent class: vulcanized compound
subclass of: mixture
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Produkt der Vulkanisation einer Kautschukmischung @de
definition: product of the vulcanization of a rubber compound
alternative term: vulcanized rubber
alternative term: vulkanisierter Kautschuk @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vulkanisat @de

crosslink
type: Class
subclass of: group
has curation status: uncurated
definition: chemical bond or atom(s) joining two rubber chains or two parts of the same rubber chain as a result of vulcanization
definition: chemische Bindung oder Atom(e), die zwei Kautschukketten oder zwei Teile derselben Kette verbinden als Ergebnis der Vulkanisation @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: In a vulcanizate, trapped chain entanglements can act as physical crosslinks and contribute to the crosslink density.
comment: In einem Vulkanisat können eingeschlossene Verschlaufungen als physikalische Vernetzungen fungieren und einen Beitrag zur Vernetzungsdichte leisten. @de
label: Vernetzung @de

crosslinking
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: 〈Aktion〉 Erzeugung von Vernetzungen zwischen oder innerhalb von Kautschukketten unter Ausbildung eines Netzwerks @de
definition: 〈act of〉 insertion of crosslinks between or within rubber chains to give a network structure
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vernetzen @de

state of cure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Zustand eines Vulkanisats während des Vulkanisationsverlaufs, gemessen an dessen Struktur oder dessen Eigenschaften @de
definition: condition of a vulcanizate during the course of vulcanization, measured in terms of its structure or properties
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vernetzungsgrad @de

vulcanization
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Verfahren, üblicherweise auf Hitze basierend, bei dem Kautschuk durch eine Veränderung seiner chemischen Struktur (zum Beispiel Vernetzung) in einen Zustand überführt wird, in dem die elastischen Eigenschaften erzeugt, wiederhergestellt oder verbessert oder über einen größeren Tempe-raturbereich erweitert werden @de
definition: process, usually involving heat and chemical substance (for example sulfur), in which rubber, through a change in its chemical structure (for example, crosslinking), is converted to a condition in which the elastic properties (no remaining deformation after mechanical load from outside) are conferred or re-established or improved or extended over a greater range of temperatures and the material becomes not soluble in solvents.
alternative term: Vernetzung @de
alternative term: cure
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vulkanisation @de

autoclave
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Druckkessel, der zur Vulkanisation von Kautschuk in Dampf oder Gas genutzt wird @de
definition: pressurized vessel used for vulcanizing rubber in a vapour or gas
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Autoklav @de

plateau cure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Art der Vulkanisation, bei der das Modul des Vulkanisats ein Maximum erreicht und dann über einen längeren Zeiraum bei der entsprechenden Vulkanisationstemperatur nahezu konstant bleibt @de
definition: type of vulcanization during which the modulus of the vulcanizate proceeds to a maximum and then remains essentially constant for a substantial period at the vulcanization temperature
alternative term: Vulkanisationsebene @de
alternative term: flat cure
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vulkanisationsplateau @de

optimum cure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Vulkanisationsbedingungen, die notwendig sind, um einen akzeptablen Kompromiss zwischen verschiedenen gewünschten Vulkanisateigenschaften zu erzielen bzw. den optimalen Wert für eine bestimmte Eigenschaft zu erhalten @de
definition: condition of vulcanization required to achieve an acceptable compromise among a number of desired vulcanizate properties or the optimum value of a selected property
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Vulkanisationsoptimum @de

overcure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Vulkanisationszustand jenseits des Vulkanisationsoptimums @de
definition: state of vulcanization beyond the optimum cure
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: Overcure is generally caused by too long a time and/or too high a temperature of vulcanization and/or post cure, and/or a surplus of vulcanizing agents.
comment: Übervulkanisation wird gewöhnlich hervorgerufen durch zu lange Heizzeit und/oder zu hohe Vulkanisations- und/oder Nachvulkanisationstemperatur und/oder ein Übermaß an Vulkanisationsmitteln. @de
label: Übervulkanisation @de

undercure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Zustand der Vulkanisation unterhalb des Vulkanisationsoptimums @de
definition: state of vulcanization less than the optimum cure
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: Undercure is generally caused by too short a time and/or too low a temperature of vulcanization and/or post cure, and/or a deficiency of vulcanizing agents.
comment: Untervulkanisation wird im Allgemeinen durch zu kurze Zeit und/oder zu niedrige Vulkanisationstemperatur und/oder Nachvulkanisation und/oder Mängel der Vulkanisationsmittel hervorgerufen. @de
label: Untervulkanisation @de

sample
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: ein oder mehrere Teile, entnommen aus einem Los, um Informationen über dieses Los zu liefern und möglicherweise als Entscheidungsbasis über das Los oder seinen Herstellprozess zu dienen @de
definition: one or more items taken from a lot and intended to provide information on the lot and possibly to serve as a basis for a decision on the lot or on the process which had produced it
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Probe @de

test piece
type: Class
subclass of: object
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Körper eines Materials von geeigneter Form und Dimension, fertig vorbereitet zur Verwendung in einer Prüfung @de
definition: piece of material of appropriate shape and size, prepared so that it is ready for use in a test
alternative term: Probekörper @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: Die englischen Benennungen „test specimen“ und „specimen“ werden häufig verwendet, um einen „Prüfkörper“ zu bezeichnen. @de
comment: The terms “test specimen” and “specimen” are also widely used to denote “test piece”.
label: Prüfkörper @de

scrap rubber
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: raw, compounded, vulcanized or partially vulcanized rubber in the form of end-of-life rubber products or factory scrap
definition: unverarbeiteter, gemischter, vulkanisierter oder teilvulkanisierter Kautschuk in Form von Altgummierzeugnissen oder Fabrikabfall @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Gummiabfall @de

factory scrap
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: raw, compounded, vulcanized or partially vulcanized rubber rejected or generated as waste during product manufacture and found unsuitable for further use unless recycled
definition: roher, gemischter, vulkanisierter oder teilweise vulkanisierter Kautschuk, der bei der Produktion ver-worfen oder als Abfall deklariert und für die weitere Verwendung, außer zum Recyceln, als ungeeignet befunden wird @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Produktionsabfall @de

physical quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
has curation status: uncurated
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: dik
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: physikalische Qualität @de

assay process
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A qualitative or quantitative analysis performed to determine the amount of a particular constituent in a sample or the biological or pharmacological properties of a drug.
definition source: NCIT C60819
imported from: ncit.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Prüfprozess @de

density measurement assay [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: assay
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An assay with the objective to produce information about the density of the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
coarse classification: assay
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Prüfung zur Dichtemessung [dik] @de

viscosity measurement assay [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: assay
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An assay with the objective to produce information about the viscosity of the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Prüfung zur Viskositätsmessung [dik] @de

Mooney viscosity measurement assay [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: assay
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An assay with the objective to produce information about the Mooney viscosity of the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Prüfung zur Mooney-Viskositätsmessung [dik] @de

Mooney viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Maß für die Viskosität eines Rohkautschuks oder einer Kautschukmischung, bestimmt mit einem Mooney-Scherscheibenviskosimeter @de
definition: measure of the viscosity of a raw rubber or rubber compound, determined using a Mooney shearing-disc viscometer
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Mooney Viskosität @de

Mooney viscosity unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A viscosity unit which is a standard measure of the Mooney viscosity.
definition: Eine Viskositätseinheit, die ein Standardmaß für die Mooney-Viskosität ist. @de
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Mooney Viskositätseinheit @de

Mooney unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
has curation status: uncurated
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: MU
label: Mooney Einheit @de

measurement protocol
type: Class
subclass of: protocol
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A protocol which specifies the conditions, procedures, and instruments used for conducting a measurement assay in a sufficient level of detail to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the measurement assay.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Messprotokoll @de

material processing protocol
type: Class
subclass of: protocol
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A protocol which specifies the conditions, procedures, and instruments used for conducting a material processing in a sufficient level of detail to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the material processing.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Materialverarbeitungsprotokoll @de

manufacturing specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Herstellungsvorschrift @de

density measurement protocol
type: Class
subclass of: measurement protocol
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the density measurement assay.
coarse classification: measurement protocol
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Protokoll zur Dichtemessung @de

viscosity measurement protocol
type: Class
subclass of: measurement protocol
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the viscosity measurement assay.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Protokoll zur Viskositätsmessung @de

Mooney viscosity measurement protocol
type: Class
subclass of: measurement protocol
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A viscosity measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the Mooney viscosity measurement assay.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Protokoll zur Mooney-Viskositätsmessung @de

measurement device
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Any device used to determine the dimension of an object.
definition source: NCIT C81182
imported from: ncit.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Messgerät @de

mixing [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Mischen [dik] @de

iodine adsorption number
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Menge in Gramm an adsorbiertem Iod pro Kilogramm Ruß unter definierten Bedingungen @de
definition: Number of grams of iodine adsorbed per kilogram of carbon black under specified conditions
alternative term: Jodzahl; Iodzahl @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
comment: Die Eigenschaft ist eine Angabe zur Oberfläche eines Rußes. ISO 1304 beinhaltet ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der Iodzahl. @de
comment: The property is an indication of the surface area of a carbon black. ISO 1304 contains a method for the determination of the iodine adsorption number.
label: Jodadsorptionszahl @de

specific surface
type: Class
subclass of: surface
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Spezifische Oberfläche @de

mass-specific surface
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The total surface area of a material divided by its mass.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Massenbezogene spezifische Oberfläche @de

volume-specific surface
type: Class
subclass of: surface
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Volumenbezogene spezifische Oberfläche @de

oil absorption number
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Die Ölabsorptionszahl eines Rußes steht im Zusammenhang mit den Verarbeitungs- und Vulkanisationseigenschaften von Kautschukmischungen die den Ruß enthalten @de
definition: The oil absorption number of a carbon black is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds containing the carbon black
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: ASTM D2414-12
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Ölabsorptionszahl @de

kinematic viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The ratio of the dynamic viscosity (μ) over the density of the fluid (ρ), which is noted as (length)^2/time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity#Kinematic_viscosity
definition source: UO_01200023
imported from: uo.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Kinematische Viskosität @de

setting point
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Erstarrungspunkt @de

molecular weight
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Molecular weight in g/mol, determined from molecular formula or sequence.
definition source: MI 2025
imported from: mi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Molekulargewicht @de

acid value
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Die Säurezahl ist eine chemische Größe zur Charakterisierung von sauren Bestandteilen in Fetten oder Ölen. Sie bezeichnet die Masse an Kaliumhydroxid (in mg), die notwendig ist, um die in 1 g Fett enthaltenen freien Fettsäuren zu neutralisieren. @de
definition: The acid value is a chemical quantity used to characterise acidic components in fats or oils. It indicates the mass of potassium hydroxide (in mg) required to neutralise the free fatty acids contained in 1 g of fat.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Säurezahl‎ @de

melting range
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Schmelzbereich‎ @de

oil content
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 04.05.2022
creation date: 03.05.2022
label: Öl-Gehalt‎ @de

complex shear modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Verhältnis von Schubspannung zu Scherdehnung, wobei jede durch eine komplexe Zahl dargestellt werden kann @de
definition: ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain, where each can be represented by a complex number
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: G*
label: komplexer Schubmodul @de

complex Young’s modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Verhältnis von Normalspannung zur Belastung, wobei jede durch eine komplexe Zahl dargestellt werden kann @de
definition: ratio of the normal stress to the normal strain, where each can be represented by a complex number
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: E*
label: komplexer Young’s Modul @de

elastic shear modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: die Komponente einer aufgebrachten Schubspannung, welche in Phase mit der Scherdeformation ist, geteilt durch die Dehnung @de
definition: that component of an applied shear stress which is in phase with the shear strain, divided by the strain
alternative term: Schermodul @de
alternative term: storage shear modulus
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: G'
label: Elastizitätsmodul @de

elastic Young’s modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: die Komponente einer angewandten Normalspannung, welche in Phase mit der Normaldehnung ist, geteilt durch die Dehnung @de
definition: that component of an applied normal stress which is in phase with the normal strain, divided by the strain
alternative term: Youngscher Speichermodul @de
alternative term: storage Young’s modulus
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: E'
label: Youngscher Elastizitätsmodul @de

loss shear modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: der Anteil einer aufgebrachten Schubspannung, welche 90° phasenverschoben gegenüber der Scherdeformation ist, geteilt durch die Dehnung @de
definition: that component of an applied shear stress which is in quadrature (90° out of phase) with the shear strain, divided by the strain
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: G''
label: Verlustmodul @de

loss Young’s modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: der Anteil einer aufgebrachten Normalspannung, welcher 90° phasenverschoben gegenüber der Normaldehnung ist, geteilt durch die Dehnung @de
definition: that component of an applied normal stress which is in quadrature (90° out of phase) with the normal strain, divided by the strain
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: E''
label: Young’sches Verlustmodul @de

modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Maß für die Steifigkeit unter definierten Bedingungen bei Verformung @de
definition: measure of stiffness under specified conditions of deformation
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
comment: Diese Bezeichnung sollte nicht alleine verwendet werden und sollte einhergehen mit der Art der Verformung, z. B. Druck- oder Schermodul. @de
comment: The term should not be used in isolation and should be prefaced by the mode of deformation, e.g. compression modulus or shear modulus.
label: Modul @de

tan delta
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Verhältnis des Verlustmoduls zum Speichermodul @de
definition: ratio of the viscous modulus to the elastic modulus
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: tanδ
comment: Es handelt sich dabei um ein Maß für den Verlustfaktor und somit für die Energie, die durch Umwandlung in Wärme verloren geht. @de
comment: It is a measure of the loss factor and thus of the energy lost by conversion into heat.
label: Tangens delta @de

viscometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Viskosimeter @de

Mooney shearing-disc viscometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
alternative term: Mooney-Viskosimeter @de
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Mooney-Scherscheibenviskosimeter @de

curemeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Rheometer @de

oscillating-disc curemeter
type: Class
subclass of: curemeter
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rheometertyp, bei welchem die auf die Kautschukmischung einwirkenden Kräfte durch eine in der Testprobe eingebettete schwingende Scheibe erzeugt werden, wobei sich die Probe unter Druck in einem abgedichteten Probenaufnehmer befindet @de
definition: type of curemeter in which the force applied to the rubber compound is produced by an oscillating disc embedded in a test sample which is contained under pressure in a sealed cavity
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: oszillierendes Scheibenrheometer @de

rotorless curemeter
type: Class
subclass of: curemeter
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Typ eines Rheometers, bei welchem die Kraft, die auf die Kautschukmischung einwirkt, durch die Oszillation einer von zwei Platten erzeugt wird, die die Kammer bilden, in welcher die Testprobe eingeschlossen ist @de
definition: type of curemeter in which the force applied to the rubber compound is produced by the oscillation of one of the two dies forming the cavity in which the test sample is enclosed
coarse classification: device
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 10.05.2022
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: rotorloser Rheometer @de

vulcameter
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Gerät zur Messung des Fortschritts der Vulkanisation in einer Probe bei der Vulkanisationsstemperatur @de
definition: device that measures the progress of vulcanization in a test sample at the vulcanizing temperature
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Vulkameter @de

plate press
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Presse, die zwei oder mehrere übereinanderliegende beheizte Platten besitzt, zwischen denen die Formteile gepresst werden @de
definition: press having two or more super-imposed heated plates between which moulds are pressed
alternative term: Etagenpresse; Heizpresse @de
alternative term: daylight press
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Plattenpresse @de

press plate
type: Class
subclass of: object
has curation status: uncurated
definition: flache Metallplatte (oder Schale), die Hitze und Druck auf ein oder mehrere Formteile überträgt, die sich in einer Presse befinden @de
definition: flat metal plate (or chest) which applies heat and pressure to one or more mould(s) in a press
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: DIN ISO 1382:2016-07
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 10.05.2022
label: Pressenplatte @de

ethylidene norbornene
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
alternative term: 2-ethylidene-5-norbornene
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
has_exact_synonym: ENB
label: Ethylidennorbornen @de

concentration measurement assay [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: assay
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An assay with the objective to produce information about the concentration of a specific substance in the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
coarse classification: Measurement
coarse classification: assay
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Prüfung zur Konzentrationsmessung [dik] @de

ethylene concentration measurement assay [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: assay
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A concentration measurement assay with the objective to produce information about the concentration of ethylene in the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
coarse classification: assay
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Prüfung zur Ethylen-Konzentrationsmessung [dik] @de

ethylidene norbornene concentration measurement assay [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: assay
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A concentration measurement assay with the objective to produce information about the concentration of ethylidene norbornene in the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
coarse classification: assay
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Prüfung zur Ethylidennorbornen-Konzentrationsmessung [dik] @de

molecular weight distribution measurement assay [dik]
type: Class
subclass of: assay
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An assay with the objective to produce information about the molecular weight distribution of the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Prüfung zur Molekulargewichtsverteilung [dik] @de

concentration measurement protocol
type: Class
subclass of: measurement protocol
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the concentration measurement assay.
coarse classification: measurement protocol
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Protokoll zur Konzentrationsmessung @de

ethylene concentration measurement protocol
type: Class
subclass of: measurement protocol
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A concentration measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the ethylene concentration measurement assay.
coarse classification: measurement protocol
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: ASTM D3900
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Protokoll zur Ethylen-Konzentrationsmessung @de

ethylidene norbornene concentration measurement protocol
type: Class
subclass of: measurement protocol
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A concentration measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the ethylidene norbornene concentration measurement assay.
coarse classification: measurement protocol
preliminary broad class assigned: true
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
identifier: ASTM D6047
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Protokoll zur Ethylidennorbornen-Konzentrationsmessung @de

molecular weight distribution measurement protocol
type: Class
subclass of: protocol
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the molecular weight distribution measurement assay.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 21.05.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Protokoll zur Molekulargewichtsverteilung @de

ethylene group
type: Class
subclass of: hydrocarbylene group
has curation status: uncurated
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 26.08.2022
creation date: 21.05.2022

ethylene concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A concentration of ethylene inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with ethylene.
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Ethylen-Konzentration @de

ethylidene norbornene concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A concentration of ethylidene norbornene inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with ethylidene norbornene.
alternative term: ENB-concentration
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Alexander Aschemann [dik]
language: English
last update on: 13.02.2024
creation date: 21.05.2022
label: Ethylidennorbornen-Konzentration @de

normalization
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: Scaling spectra in order to get all data on approximately the same scale.
definition source: Unscrambler X
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 19.9.2025
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T10:03:05.027474Z

butadiene rubber BR
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Polybutadiene [butadiene rubber BR] is a synthetic rubber. Polybutadiene rubber is a polymer formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-butadiene. Polybutadiene has a high resistance to wear and is used especially in the manufacture of tires.
definition source: Wikipedia
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T10:51:28.399079Z

functional group
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has similar chemical properties whenever it appears in various compounds. Even if other parts of the molecule are quite different, certain functional groups tend to react in certain ways.
definition source: https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kentucky/UK%3A_CHE_103_-_Chemistry_for_Allied_Health_(Soult)/Chapters/Chapter_4%3A_Structure_and_Function/4.4%3A_Functional_Groups
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T10:12:52.940172Z

butyl rubber BIIR
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene
definition source: Wikipedia
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T12:23:10.166673Z

EPDM rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber) is a type of synthetic rubber that is composed of ethylidene norbornene (ENB), dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), and vinyl norbornene (VNB).
definition source: Wikipedia
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T12:27:10.818157Z

polyisoprene IR
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: A synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene, made by the industrial polymerisation of isoprene.
definition source: Wikipedia
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T12:30:53.148584Z

nitrile rubber NBR
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Known as nitrile butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, is a synthetic rubber derived from acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene.
definition source: Wikipedia
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T12:33:41.882181Z

fluororubber FKM
type: Class
subclass of: rubber particle
definition: Is a family of fluorocarbon-based fluoroelastomer materials that contain vinylidene fluoride as a monomer.
definition source: Wikipedia
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T12:36:21.319884Z

hydrogenated nitrile rubber HNBR
type: Class
subclass of: rubber particle
definition: Highly Saturated Nitrile. A Higher performance solid rubber material than NBR, achieved through adding Hydrogen Atoms to the Butadiene Segments.
definition source: hnbr
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T12:40:53.184235Z

styrene-butadiene rubber SBR
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Families of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene.
definition source: Wikipedia
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Contributor: Yamen Alsalka [ifnano]
last update on: 06.06.2023
created by: Yamen Alsalka
creation date: 2023-06-06T12:43:20.265544Z

weight averaged molecular weight
type: Class
subclass of: molecular weight
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Average molecular weight of the chains of a polymer, weighted by the mass of each chain (2nd moment of the molecular weight).
alternative term: Mw
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 22.10.2025
label: gewichtsgemittelte Molmasse @de

number averaged molecular weight
type: Class
subclass of: molecular weight
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Average molecular weight of the chains of a polymer, calculated by weighing each chain equally, regardless of size (first moment of the molecular weight).
alternative term: Mn
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 22.10.2025
label: zahlengemittelte Molmasse @de

gel permeation chromatography method
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The method used to obtain the value of Mw and Mn.
alternative term: GPC
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 18.9.2025
label: Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie @de

molecular weight distribution
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Ratio of Mw to Mn
alternative term: MWD
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 18.9.2025
label: Molmassenverteilung @de

raw polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Polymer (e.g. BR, SSBR) before being compounded.
alternative term: RP
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 31.3.2022
creation date: 31.3.2022
label: Rohpolymer @de

butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rubber polymer with butadiene as its only monomer.
alternative term: BR
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 18.9.2025
label: Butadiene-Kautschuk @de

styrene-butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: butadiene rubber
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rubber polymer with styrene and butadiene as monomers. It is the major component of tread compounds.
alternative term: SBR
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Styrol-Butadiene-Kautschuk @de

emulsion SBR
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Polymerization is performed in an emulsion where polymer particles (and consequently, crumbs) are carried in a liquid (water) medium.
alternative term: ESBR
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Emulsions-Styrol-Butadiene-Kautschuk @de

solution SBR
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Polymerization is performed in a solution where polymer molecules are dissolved in a solvent (e.g. hexane).
alternative term: SSBR
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 15.1.2026
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Lösungs-Styrol-Butadiene-Kautschuk @de

green compound
type: Class
subclass of: mixture
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Compound that has not been vulcanized and may be heated in an oven to form of network.
alternative term: GC
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: "grüne" bzw. nachhaltige Kautschukmischung [Arlanxeo] @de

vulcanized compound
type: Class
subclass of: mixture
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Compound after being vulcanized. May also be called “vulcanizate”.
alternative term: VC
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: vulkanisierter Compound @de

parts per hundred rubber
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Fraction of rubber compound formulations are not given based on %, so that the sum of all components will be 100%.
alternative term: phr
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: (Massen-)Anteile pro hundert (Massen-)Teile Kautschuk @de

carbon black filler
type: Class
subclass of: filler
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A filler based on structured carbon which is present in larger fractions in sidewall than in tread compounds. Every CB grade has two major properties that determine its properties: particle size and particle structure.
alternative term: CB
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Rußfüller @de

silica
type: Class
subclass of: filler
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A filler that, together with silane, is present only in tread compounds and is used for enforcement.
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Silikat-Füllstoff @de

silane
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Silane is necessary to act as intermediary between silica and the SBR matrix, and its role is to enhance the dispersion of silica in the SBR matrix.
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Silan @de

tread
type: Class
subclass of: surface
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The outer surface of a tire that comes into direct contact with the road.
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Reifenlauffläche @de

inner liner
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The lining of the inner wall of a tire which prevents air from escaping.
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: luftundurchlässige Innenschicht eines Reifens @de

elastic modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The component of modulus that is related to energy storage in deformation.
alternative term: G'
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Elastisches Modul @de

loss modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The component of modulus that is related to energy loss in deformation.
alternative term: G''
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Verlustmodul @de

mooney viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mooney Viscosity is a quality of raw and vulcanised polymersbased on the measurement of the torque necessary to rotate a disc in a cylindrical chamber filled with the rubber compound to be vulcanized and is reported in arbitrary Mooney units. It is the torque at t=5 min. after the start of the Mooney test for vulcanized polymers.
alternative term: ML1+4
alternative term: Mooney Viscosity
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Mooney Viskosität @de

mooney stress relaxation
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mooney stress relaxation is a quality of polymer that refers to the time-dependent process of relaxing a stress applied to a polymer. Due to their structure, polymers do not easily “forget” stress after it is applied to them.
alternative term: MSR
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Mooney Stress Relaxation @de

mechanical testing system
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Generic name for an instrument that applies amplitude sweeps to vulcanized rubber to assess the resistance of its network against large deformations.
alternative term: MTS
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Servo-hydraulische Prüfmaschine von der Firma Mechanical Test Systems (MTS) [Arlanxeo] @de

moving die rheometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Generic name for an instrument that applies oscillatory shearing deformation at the vulcanization temperature of a compound at a given time window, using a constant frequency and amplitude.
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Moving Die Rheometer @de

dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A method in which the polymer is loaded with (pseudo-) linear, oscillating deformations in a temperature ramp, during which the values of G’ and G” at 3 critical temperatures are read and used .
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Dynamisch-Mechanisch-Thermische Analyse @de

ramp
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: In physical testing, it refers to a constant increase or decrease of testing parameters such as deformation frequency, deformation amplitude or temperature.
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Rampe @de

shearing
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: In physical testing, it refers to a deformation regime in which layers of fluid or solid are forced to move parallel to each other.
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Scherung @de

elongation
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: In physical testing, it refers to a deformation regime in which layers of fluid or solid deformed axially.
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 19.9.2025
label: Elongation @de

styrene content
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Styrene content is a quality that is a key factor in determining the properties of polymers derived from styrene.
alternative term: Styrene Content
alternative term: Styrene_Cont
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
language: English
last update on: 19.11.2026
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Styrol-Gehalt @de

cis content
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Cis content is a quality in polymers, particularly in polyisoprene, that is crucial for determining the material's properties based on the content of cis isomer which is known for its high elasticity and tensile strength.
alternative term: Cis Content
alternative term: Cis_Cont
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 19.11.2026
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: cis-Butadienegehalt @de

trans content
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Trans content is a quality which measures the content of trans isomer in polymers that affect melting points and solubility in polymers.
alternative term: Trans Content
alternative term: trans_cont
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
language: English
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Trans-Butadiene-Gehalt @de

vinyl content
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Vinyl content is a quality that is based on the vinyl content in polyethylene resins that are determined by the catalyst used for manufacturing the resin.
alternative term: Vinly Cont
alternative term: Vinyl Content
alternative term: vinly_cont
alternative term: vinyl_cont
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Vinyl-Gehalt @de

glass transition temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a quality which is a phenomenon of amorphous polymers that is the temperature at which polymers undergo a transition from glassy to rubbery state marking a region of dramatic changes in the physical and mechanical properties.
alternative term: TgStr
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
language: English
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Glasübergangstemperatur @de

ML1+1
type: Class
subclass of: mooney viscosity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: ml1+1 is the quality Mooney Viscosity which is the torque at t=1 min. after the start of the Mooney test.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025

ML1+4
type: Class
subclass of: mooney viscosity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: ml1+4 is a quality which is mooney viscosity measured as the torque at t=5 min. after the start of the Mooney test for vulcanized polymers.
alternative term: mooney viscosity
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Mooney Viskosität ML 1+4 @de

hardness mean value
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Hardness mean value is a quality of Polymers which indicates the resistance to deformation. Average hardness value measured in Shore A scale.
alternative term: Hardness mean value
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Mittelwert der Härte @de

rebound mean value
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rebound mean value is a quality of polymers which specifies in percentage how far the hammer comes back after the impact, measured at T = 23 degree celcius and T = 60 degree celcius for tire compounds.
alternative term: Rebound mean value
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Mittelwert Rückprall @de

rebound mean value 1
type: Class
subclass of: rebound mean value
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rebound mean value 1 is a quality of polymers which specifies in percentage how far the hammer comes back after the impact, measured at T = 23 degree celcius.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Mittelwert des Rückprall (erste Messung) @de

rebound mean value 2
type: Class
subclass of: rebound mean value
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Rebound mean value is a quality of polymers which specifies in percentage how far the hammer comes back after the impact, measured at T = 60 degree celcius.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Mittelwert des Rückprall (zweite Messung) [Arlanxeo] @de

S50
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: S50 is a quality of vulcanized compound or polymer which is the stress at deformation value 50.
alternative term: Stress at deformation value 50
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Zugspannung bei 50% Elongation @de

S100
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: S100 is a quality of vulcanized compound or polymer which is the stress at deformation value 100.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo]
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Zugspannung bei 100% Elongation [Arlanxeo] @de

S300
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: S300 is a quality of vulcanized compound or polymer which is the stress at deformation value 300.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 19.11.2025
creation date: 19.11.2025
label: Zugspannung bei 300% Elongation @de

D Median
type: Class
subclass of: data item
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Median value of elongation from stress-strain (tensile) measurement
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Medianwert der Bruchdehnung [Arlanxeo] @de

E dash 0 degree celcius
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Elastic modulus measured at 0 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA)
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Realteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 0 °C [Arlanxeo] @de

E dash 23 degree celcius
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Elastic modulus measured at 23 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA)
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Realteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 23 °C @de

E dash 60 degree celcius
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Elastic modulus measured at 60 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA)
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Realteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 60 °C @de

E double dash 0 degree celcius
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Loss modulus measured at 0 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA)
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Realteil des Schermoduls gemessen bei 0.5% Dehnung während eines Amplitudensweeps [Arlanxeo] @de

E double dash 23 degree celcius
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Loss modulus measured at 23 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA)
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Imaginärteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 23 °C [Arlanxeo] @de

E double dash 60 degree celcius
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Loss modulus measured at 60 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA)
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Imaginärteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 60 °C @de

elastic modulus G dash 15 percent measurement1
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Elastic modulus at 15% deformation (strain) in amplitude sweep test
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: ElasticModulus G dash 15 percent 1 messung @de

elastic modulus G dash zero point five percent measurement1
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Elastic modulus at 0.5% deformation (strain) in amplitude sweep test
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: ElasticModulus G dash zero point five percent 1 messung @de

F Median
type: Class
subclass of: data item
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Median value of tensile strength at break from stress-strain (tensile) measurement
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Medianwert der Bruchspannung [Arlanxeo] @de

LossModulus Gdouble dash(max)
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Maximum value of loss modulus
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Maximum des Imaginärteils (viscouser Teil) des Schermoduls [Arlanxeo] @de

mass per measurement time 1
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mass throughput in an extruder, first measurement
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: masse pro messzeit 1 @de

mass per measurement time 2
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mass throughput in an extruder, second measurement
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: masse pro messzeit 2 @de

mass presssure 1
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Pressure at die exit in an extruder, first measurement
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: massedruck 1 @de

mass pressure 2
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Pressure at die exit in an extruder, second measurement
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: massedruck 2 @de

die swelling first measurement
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Die swell according to inhouse specification in K10 laboratory, first measurement
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: quellung hausmethode K10-1 @de

die swelling second measurement
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Die swell according to inhouse specification in K10 laboratory, second measurement
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: quellung hausmethode K10-2 @de

rubber mixing
type: Class
subclass of: mixing
definition: The conversion of a multi component mixture, with components in all thinkable forms (solid, liquid, polymer melts, powders etc) into a free flowing form.
Contributor: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Giese [dik]
last update on: 28.04.2026
creation date: 28.04.2026

elastic torque at 90 percent
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Elastic torque value at 90% conversion measured in an MDR (Moving Die Rheometer) test
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: S dash bei 90percent Umsatz @de

tan Delta Peak Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: temperature at maximum loss factor
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: temperatur tan d max @de

t90
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Time for 90% conversion measured in an MDR (Moving Die Rheometer) test
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: umsatzzeit 90percent @de

loss factor at 7 percent
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Loss factor measured at 7% deformation (strain) measured in an amplitude sweep test
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: tan d 7 percent 1 Messung @de

tan d max
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Maximum loss factor in an amplitude sweep test
Contributor: Arlanxeo
last update on: 17.12.2025
creation date: 17.12.2025
label: Maximum des Verlustfaktors @de

mixing recipe
type: Class
subclass of: recipe
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A mixing recipe is a recipe which in polymers refers to the specific, controlled formulation and set of operating parameters—including ingredient proportions, sequence of addition, temperature profiles, shear rates, and mixing time—used to combine base polymers with additives, fillers, or other polymers to achieve a uniform, homogeneous mixture with desired physical and chemical properties.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

objective specification set
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Objective specification set refers to the set of objectives which are the desired characteristics which are to be achieved at the end of a manufacturing process.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

ingredient specification
type: Class
subclass of: material specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An ingredient specification is a material specification which is detailed, actionable document defining the quality, safety, and physical characteristics of a raw material
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

ingredient specification set
type: Class
subclass of: material specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Ingredient Specification Set is the set of criteria or standards about ingredients to be used in the manufacturing process to attain certain quality or consistency of the end product.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

device specification set
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Device specifications, often referred to as "tech specs," are detailed descriptions of the technical features and capabilities of a device, including hardware and software components.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

instruction set
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Instruction set is the detailed information about how something should be done or operated.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

instruction step
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Instruction step is the method of following one instruction at a time in a process to achieve an end objective.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

condition specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A condition specification of a process definition refers to the detailed requirements and constraints that must be met within a process to ensure consistency and quality outlining necessary inputs, outputs, parameters that must be controlled to acheive desired outcomes.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

ram position
type: Class
subclass of: device specification
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The ram position in polymer mixing refers to the location of the ram within the mixing chamber which is crucial for maintaining the desired shear forces and ensuring uniform mixing of the polymer components.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: stempelweg @de

compound temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: temperature of the compound
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: compoundtemperatur @de

shear rate
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Shear rate in polymer mixing is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a fluid or material with respect to the distance between two parallel planes and it is a critical parameter that influences the flow behavior, viscosity, and morphology of polymer melts.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: Schergeschwindigkeit @de

storage modulus
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Storage modulus (G′) is the component of the complex shear modulus that represents the stored elastic energy in a material during cyclic deformation.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: Speichermodul @de

symbolic regression
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: In the context of polymer mixing, symbolic regression is a method used to model the physical phenomena occurring during the processing of polymer materials.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: symbolische regression @de

savtizky golay filter
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The Savitzky–Golay (S–G) filter is a discrete system/filter used for time series smoothing, i.e. for removing higher-frequency components of time series.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

rubber process analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A Rubber Process Analyser (RPA) is a scientific instrument used to measure the rheological properties of rubber, particularly its viscoelastic behavior. It applies controlled shear stress and measures the resulting deformation or flow of the rubber.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026

payne effect
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The Payne effect is a phenomenon observed in filled rubbers, where the storage modulus decreases with increasing strain amplitude.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: payne effekt @de

ring test
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A method of external quality control for measuring methods and testing laboratories. Identical samples are tested by multiple laboratories, often using the same or different techniques, to evaluate the analytical performance of the labs.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: ringversuch @de

surface topography
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Surface topography is the variations in the surface characteristics of a material.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: oberflächentopografie @de

penetration thermometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Puncture thermometer is a device which is used to measure the temperature of materials.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: einstichthermometer @de

sieving process
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The sieving process in polymer mixing refers to the separation of polymer materials based on particle size which is achieved by passing the materials through a mesh or sieve, which allows only particles of a certain size to pass through and is crucial for ensuring the quality and consistency of the final polymer product.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: siebverfahren @de

mean absolute deviation
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) is a statistical measure that quantifies the average distance between each data point in a dataset and the mean of that dataset.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: mittlere absolute abweichung @de

smoothing
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: In polymer mixing, smoothing refers to the process of enhancing the quality and performance of polymer blends by reducing surface roughness and irregularities and is achieved through techniques such as chemical smoothing, which involves injecting a vaporized solvent into the polymer melt, causing a chemical reaction that weakens the bonds of the polymer chains and rearranges them to a more stable position resulting in solvent diffusing away, leaving a smooth and sealed surface and the process is crucial for achieving high-quality, durable, and aesthetically pleasing polymer products.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: glättung @de

equation
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: equation in the context of chemistry is a symbolic representation of the changes which occur in a chemical reaction, expressed in terms of the formulae of the molecules or other species involved.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: gleichung @de

mixing curves
type: Class
subclass of: graph
has curation status: uncurated
definition: mixing curves are the graphical representations which describe phase behaviour of polymer systems which are essential for predicting the phase morphology of polymer systems influencing the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of polymers.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: mischkurven @de

energy efficiency
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Energy efficiency is the practice of using less energy to provide the same level of service or output, reducing costs and environmental impact.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: energieeffizienz @de

mixing time reduction
type: Class
subclass of: process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Mixing time reduction in polymers refers to the process of optimizing the mixing sequence and parameters to achieve batch-to-batch uniformity, fast reduction of viscosity, and efficient use of time, power, and equipment for optimum productivity.
Contributor: Pallavi Karanth
last update on: 02.02.2026
creation date: 02.02.2026
label: Mischzeitreduktion @de

biological_process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: process
definition: A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
label: biological process

measurement unit label
type: Class
subclass of: datum label
editor preferred term: measurement unit label
example of usage: Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term.
editor note: 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
definition: A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
editor note: 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
editor note: 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
editor note: Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
definition source: OBI_0000217

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
definition: A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch

datum label
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: datum label
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
editor note: http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch#4n
term editor: GROUP: IAO
curator note: 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum.

software
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
editor preferred term: software
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit.
editor note: see sourceforge tracker discussion at http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1958818&group_id=177891&atid=886178
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP: OBI
preliminary broad class assigned: false

information carrier
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
editor preferred term: information carrier
example of usage: In the case of a printed paperback novel the physicality of the ink and of the paper form part of the information bearer. The qualities of appearing black and having a certain pattern for the ink and appearing white for the paper form part of the information carrier in this case.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content
editor note: 12/15/09: There is a concern that some ways that carry information may be processes rather than qualities, such as in a 'delayed wave carrier'.
editor note: 2014-03-10: We are not certain that all information carriers are qualities. There was a discussion of dropping it.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
preliminary broad class assigned: false

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: data item
example of usage: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
editor note: 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
editor note: 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
editor note: 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
editor note: 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
editor note: JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
term editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees
alternative term: data
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

symbol
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: a serial number such as "12324X"
example of usage: a stop sign
example of usage: a written proper name such as "OBI"
definition: An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
editor note: 20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
editor note: 2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
definition source: based on Oxford English Dictionary

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
example of usage: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
editor note: 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
editor note: Pier: 'data, information or knowledge'. OR 'representation'
editor note: information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
definition source: OBI_0000142

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: realizable entity
definition: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
editor note: Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan

dot plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: dot plot
example of usage: Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H.
has curation status: example to be eventually removed
definition: A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions.
term editor: person:Allyson Lister
term editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000123
definition source: group:OBI

graph
type: Class
subclass of: diagram
editor preferred term: graph
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way.
term editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
term editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: person:Allyson Lister
definition source: OBI_0000240
definition source: group:OBI

curation status specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: example to be eventually removed
  one of: metadata complete
  one of: organizational term
  one of: ready for release
  one of: metadata incomplete
  one of: uncurated
  one of: pending final vetting
  one of: to be replaced with external ontology term
  one of: requires discussion
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: curation status specification
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source: OBI_0000266
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

data format specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: you might consinder EDAM formats as sublasses here http://edamontology.org/format_1915
definition: A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file"
definition source: OBI branch derived
definition source: OBI_0000187

data set
type: Class
subclass of: data item
editor preferred term: data set
example of usage: Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
editor note: 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type
editor note: 2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.
term editor: person:Allyson Lister
term editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000042
definition source: group:OBI
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

image
type: Class
subclass of: figure
editor preferred term: image
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface.
term editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: person:Allyson
term editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000030
definition source: group:OBI
preliminary broad class assigned: false

data about an ontology part
type: Class
subclass of: data item
editor preferred term: data about an ontology part
definition: Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: action specification
example of usage: PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
definition: A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
editor note: 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
editor note: Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
definition source: OBI_0000344
comment: 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them

measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value specification
  some values from: value specification
editor preferred term: measurement datum
example of usage: Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
editor note: 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
term editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000305
definition source: group:OBI
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

version number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
definition: A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name.
editor note: Note: we feel that at the moment we are happy with a general version number, and that we will subclass as needed in the future. For example, see 7. genome sequence version

material information bearer
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: material information bearer
example of usage: A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier.
example of usage: a brain
example of usage: a hard drive
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres.
term editor: GROUP: IAO
preliminary broad class assigned: false

histogram
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: histogram
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes.
term editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
term editor: PERSON:James Malone
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI

heatmap
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: heatmap
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map.
term editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
term editor: PERSON:James Malone
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI

dendrogram
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: dendrogram
example of usage: Dendrograms are often used in computational biology to illustrate the clustering of genes.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm.
term editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
term editor: PERSON:James Malone
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrogram

scatter plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: scatter plot
example of usage: Comparison of gene expression values in two samples can be displayed in a scatter plot
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.
term editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
term editor: PERSON:James Malone
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
alternative term: scattergraph
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatterplot

obsolescence reason specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: failed exploratory term
  one of: placeholder removed
  one of: terms merged
  one of: term imported
  one of: term split
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: obsolescence reason specification
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
definition: A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
editor note: AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.
editor note: MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.

figure
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: figure
example of usage: Any picture, diagram or table
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something.
term editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

diagram
type: Class
subclass of: figure
editor preferred term: diagram
example of usage: A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A figure that expresses one or more propositions
term editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
preliminary broad class assigned: false

document
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
definition: A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole

publication
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: document
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    all values from: publishing process
subclass of: document
example of usage: journal article, newspaper story, book, etc.
definition: A document that is the output of a publishing process.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/232
comment: Revisit the term in Octorber 2020. Improve the defintion.

denotator type
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: universal
  one of: defined class
  one of: named class expression
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: denotator type
example of usage: The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
definition: A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

publishing process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
definition: A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free.
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/232

software method
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: A software method (also called subroutine, subprogram, procedure, method, function, or routine) is software designed to execute a specific task.
definition source: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80

identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: identifier creating process
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: identifier creating process
definition: An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237
comment: Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB)
isInMinimalProfile: true

identifier creating process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: completely executed planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: identifier
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: identifier
definition: A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237

Homo sapiens
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
label: homo sapiens

colorimetry
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An assessment used to quantify and describe the colors within the visible spectrum of light.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.08.2022
comment: http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/

activator
type: Class
subclass of: vulcanizing system
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A class of substances that binds to, activates and increases the activity of a target.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Aktivator @de

Raman spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Emission of electromagnetic energy with a shorter frequency (longer wavelength) than that of the incident monochromatic light. Arises from the low probability absorption of quanta with a higher energy than that required for a transition: the difference in energy is emitted as a lower frequency (energy) photon. Allows analysis of vibrational and rotational energy levels using visible incident light. [ NCI ]
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: plan specification
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 18.08.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

direct costs
type: Class
subclass of: cost
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Costs that can be identified with a particular project or program.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 22.08.2022
creation date: 22.08.2022
label: direkte kosten @de

shape
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance.
imported from: ncit.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 18.08.2022
creation date: 31.3.2022

unit of mass density
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
has curation status: uncurated
definition: An indication of the type of unit of measure being used to express a mass density.
imported from: ncit.owl
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Massendichte Einheit @de

pixel
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The smallest resolvable rectangular area of an image, either on a screen or stored in memory.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.08.2022
creation date: 31.3.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

correlation
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The degree to which two or more quantities or events are associated, a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the others. The collelation can be described by mathematical functions (often a linear function is used). It’s a common tool for describing simple relationships without making a statement about cause and effect.
definition: The degree to which two or more quantities or events are linearly associated, a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the others.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 06.06.2023
creation date: 31.03.2022
comment: Correlations are useful for describing simple relationships among data
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

metadata
type: Class
subclass of: data item
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Data about data; information that describes another set of data.
imported from: ncit.owl
language: English
last update on: 19.09.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

standard deviation
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A measure of the range of values in a set of numbers. Standard deviation is a statistic used as a measure of the dispersion or variation in a distribution, equal to the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations from the arithmetic mean. (ncit defined)
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 18.08.2022
creation date: 31.3.2022
comment: TIB terminological service

plasticizer
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A substance added to plastics or other materials to make or keep them soft or pliable.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 22.08.2022
creation date: 22.08.2022
comment: plasticiser
label: weichmacher @de

monomer
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A chemical subunit that can undergo polymerization by bonding to other subunits.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: material entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.08.2022
creation date: 31.3.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

mixing [ncit]
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
has curation status: uncurated
definition: To bring or combine together or with something else; add as an additional element or part.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: process
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 23.08.2022
creation date: 23.08.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl

cost
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
has curation status: uncurated
definition: The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid, for purchasing goods, services and financial instruments.
imported from: ncit.owl
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 22.08.2022
creation date: 22.08.2022
label: kosten @de

mass density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A measure of the compactness of a substance, expressed as its mass per unit volume.
imported from: ncit.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Massendichte @de

obsolete planned process
type: Class
editor preferred term: planned process
example of usage: Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
editor note: 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
editor note: PMDco : migration: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/269
editor note: We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
term editor: Bjoern Peters
definition source: branch derived
curator note: 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
curator note: This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
imported from: obi.owl
term replaced by: completely executed planned process
preliminary broad class assigned: false
label: planned process
deprecated: true

regulator role
type: Class
subclass of: regulatory role
editor preferred term: regulator role
example of usage: Fact sheet - Regulating the companies The role of the regulator. Ofwat is the economic regulator of the water and sewerage industry in England and Wales. http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/aptrix/ofwat/publish.nsf/Content/roleofregulator_factsheet170805
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders
term editor: Person:Jennifer Fostel
alternative term: regulator
definition source: OBI
preliminary broad class assigned: false

regulatory role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor preferred term: regulatory role
example of usage: Regulatory agency, Ethics committee, Approval letter; example: Browse these EPA Regulatory Role subtopics http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/enviregulatoryrole.html Feb 29, 2008
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body.
term editor: GROUP: Role branch
definition source: OBI, CDISC
curator note: govt agents responsible for creating regulations; proxies for enforcing regulations. CDISC definition: regulatory authorities. Bodies having the power to regulate. NOTE: In the ICH GCP guideline the term includes the authorities that review submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections. These bodies are sometimes referred to as competent
preliminary broad class assigned: false

material supplier role
type: Class
subclass of: service provider role
editor preferred term: material supplier role
example of usage: Jackson Labs is an organization which provide mice as experimental material
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation.
editor note: Supplier role is a special kind of service, e.g. biobank
term editor: PERSON:Jennifer Fostel
alternative term: material provider role
alternative term: supplier
preliminary broad class assigned: false

classified data set
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: class prediction data transformation [obi]
subclass of: data set
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: class prediction data transformation [obi]
editor preferred term: classified data set
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A data set that is produced as the output of a class prediction data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned class labels.
term editor: PERSON: James Malone
term editor: PERSON: Monnie McGee
alternative term: data set with assigned class labels
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

processed material
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: material processing
editor preferred term: processed material
example of usage: Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
preliminary broad class assigned: false

evaluant role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: assay
editor preferred term: evaluant role
example of usage: When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
editor note: Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
editor note: examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
term editor: GROUP: Role Branch
definition source: OBI
curator note: Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
preliminary broad class assigned: false

assay
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: data item
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is about
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: achieves_planned_objective
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: Class
    union of: quality
    union of: material property
disjoint with: data transformation
editor preferred term: assay
example of usage: Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
definition: A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.
editor note: 12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
editor note: Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683.
term editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
alternative term: measuring
alternative term: scientific observation
definition source: OBI branch derived
ISA alternative term: study assay
IEDB alternative term: any method
preliminary broad class assigned: false

material processing
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: processed material
editor preferred term: material processing
example of usage: A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Frank Gibson
term editor: PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
term editor: PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra
alternative term: material transformation
definition source: OBI branch derived
preliminary broad class assigned: false

specimen role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor preferred term: specimen role
example of usage: liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation
editor note: 22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role.
editor note: Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
editor note: blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen. something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen.
editor note: parasite example - when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen - when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study specimen can later be subject.
term editor: GROUP: Role Branch
definition source: OBI
term tracker item: https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1013
preliminary broad class assigned: false

investigation agent role
type: Class
subclass of: role
example of usage: The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress.
definition: A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing.
editor note: Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen.
editor note: Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
definition source: OBI
curator note: Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
comment: Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)

organization
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
example of usage: PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
definition: An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
editor note: BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
definition source: GROUP: OBI

plan
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: plan specification
example of usage: The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
definition: A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a completely executed planned process.
editor note: This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
definition source: branch derived

protocol
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
editor preferred term: protocol
example of usage: PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.
term editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
definition source: OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29)
ISA alternative term: study protocol
preliminary broad class assigned: false

heat function
type: Class
subclass of: function
editor preferred term: heat function
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A heat function is a function that increases the internal kinetic energy of a material
term editor: Bill Bug
term editor: Daniel Schober
term editor: Frank Gibson
term editor: Melanie Courtot

mechanical function
type: Class
subclass of: function
editor preferred term: mechanical function
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
term editor: Bill Bug
term editor: Daniel Schober
term editor: Frank Gibson
term editor: Melanie Courtot
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_work

cool function
type: Class
subclass of: function
editor preferred term: cool function
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A cool function is a function to decrease the internal kinetic energy of a material below the initial kinetic energy of that type of material.
term editor: Daniel Schober
term editor: Frank Gibson
term editor: Melanie Courtot

environment control function
type: Class
subclass of: function
editor preferred term: environment control function
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature.
term editor: Bill Bug
term editor: Daniel Schober
term editor: Frank Gibson
term editor: Melanie Courtot

measure function
type: Class
subclass of: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: function of
  some values from: processed material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: measurement datum
editor preferred term: measure function
example of usage: A glucometer measures blood glucose concentration, the glucometer has a measure function.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Measure function is a function that is borne by a processed material and realized in a process in which information about some entity is expressed relative to some reference.
term editor: PERSON: Daniel Schober
term editor: PERSON: Helen Parkinson
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
term editor: PERSON:Frank Gibson

manufacturing [obi]
type: Class
subclass of: material processing
editor preferred term: manufacturing
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process
editor note: Manufacturing implies reproducibility and responsibility AR
editor note: This includes a single scientist making a processed material for personal use.
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Frank Gibson
term editor: PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
term editor: PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition source: GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
preliminary broad class assigned: false

manufacturer role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: manufacturing [obi]
editor preferred term: manufacturer role
example of usage: With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role.
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
term editor: GROUP: Role Branch
definition source: OBI
preliminary broad class assigned: false

clustered data set
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: class discovery data transformation
subclass of: data set
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: class discovery data transformation
editor preferred term: clustered data set
example of usage: A clustered data set is the output of a K means clustering data transformation
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A data set that is produced as the output of a class discovery data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned discovered class labels.
term editor: PERSON: James Malone
term editor: PERSON: Monnie McGee
alternative term: data set with assigned discovered class labels
curator note: AR thinks could be a data item instead
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true

specimen collection process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: specimen
editor preferred term: specimen collection process
example of usage: drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
editor note: Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
editor note: Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role.
editor note: Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process.
editor note: label changed to 'specimen collection process' on 10/27/2014, details see tracker: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/
term editor: Bjoern Peters
alternative term: specimen collection
curator note: 5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession
curator note: 6/9/09: used at workshop
preliminary broad class assigned: false

class prediction data transformation [obi]
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
editor preferred term: class prediction data transformation
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction.
term editor: James Malone
alternative term: supervised classification data transformation
definition source: PERSON: James Malone
preliminary broad class assigned: false

support vector machine
type: Class
subclass of: class prediction data transformation [obi]
editor preferred term: support vector machine
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A support vector machine is a data transformation with a class prediction objective based on the construction of a separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two data sets of vectors in n-dimensional space.
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Ryan Brinkman
alternative term: SVM
definition source: PERSON: Ryan Brinkman
preliminary broad class assigned: false

decision tree building data transformation
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
editor preferred term: decision tree building data transformation
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction.
term editor: James Malone
definition source: PERSON: James Malone
preliminary broad class assigned: false

peak matching
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
editor preferred term: peak matching
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: Peak matching is a data transformation performed on a dataset of a graph of ordered data points (e.g. a spectrum) with the objective of pattern matching local maxima above a noise threshold
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Ryan Brinkman
definition source: PERSON: Ryan Brinkman
preliminary broad class assigned: false

k-nearest neighbors [obi]
type: Class
subclass of: dataset creating
subclass of: partitioning data transformation
subclass of: class discovery data transformation
editor preferred term: k-nearest neighbors
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A k-nearest neighbors is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, in which an input data object with vector y is assigned to a class label based upon the k closest training data set points to y; where k is the largest value that class label is assigned.
term editor: James Malone
alternative term: k-NN
definition source: PERSON: James Malone
preliminary broad class assigned: false

CART
type: Class
subclass of: decision tree building data transformation
editor preferred term: CART
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A CART (classification and regression trees) is a data transformation method for producing a classification or regression model with a tree-based structure.
term editor: James Malone
alternative term: classification and regression trees
definition source: BOOK: David J. Hand, Heikki Mannila and Padhraic Smyth (2001) Principles of Data Mining.
preliminary broad class assigned: false

statistical model validation
type: Class
subclass of: partitioning data transformation
editor preferred term: statistical model validation
example of usage: Using the expression levels of 20 proteins to predict whether a cancer patient will respond to a drug. A practical goal would be to determine which subset of the 20 features should be used to produce the best predictive model. - wikipedia
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A data transformation which assesses how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set.
term editor: Helen Parkinson
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_%28statistics%29
preliminary broad class assigned: false

manufacturer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: manufacturer role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: manufacturer role
editor preferred term: manufacturer
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A person or organization that has a manufacturer role
definition: A person or organization that has a manufacturer role.
preliminary broad class assigned: false

sterilization function
type: Class
subclass of: function
editor preferred term: sterilization function
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: a function to remove viable organisms from an input material

service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: service provider role
example of usage: Jackson Lab provides experimental animals, EBI provides training on databases, a core facility provides access to a DNA sequencer.
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person
term editor: PERSON:Helen Parkinson
preliminary broad class assigned: false

processed specimen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: processed material
  intersection of: specimen
subclass of: processed material
subclass of: specimen
editor preferred term: processed specimen
example of usage: A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified.
term editor: Bjoern Peters
definition source: Bjoern Peters
preliminary broad class assigned: false
comment: A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study.

categorical value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
editor preferred term: categorical value specification
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
preliminary broad class assigned: false

scalar value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified numeric value
  min cardinality: 1
definition: A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label

value specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: value specification
example of usage: The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
editor note: This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
preliminary broad class assigned: false

collection of specimens
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: collection of specimens
example of usage: Blood cells collected from multiple donors over the course of a study.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts.
editor note: Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/
term editor: Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
imported from: obi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
Source: Biobank

determination if assay will provide reliable results
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition: A planned process that is used to assess whether an assay will provide reliable results based on the conditions or qualities of the inputs, devices, and other participants of the assay.
definition source: OBI

material supplier
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: material supplier role
editor preferred term: material supplier
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A person or organization that provides material supplies to other people or organizations.
term editor: Rebecca Jackson
term tracker item: https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1289
preliminary broad class assigned: false

specimen
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: specimen role
editor preferred term: specimen
example of usage: Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A material entity that has the specimen role.
editor note: Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.
term editor: PERSON: James Malone
term editor: PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition source: GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
term tracker item: https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1013
preliminary broad class assigned: false

data transformation
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  all values from: data item
editor preferred term: data transformation
example of usage: The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A planned process that produces output data from input data.
term editor: Elisabetta Manduchi
term editor: Helen Parkinson
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Melanie Courtot
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: Richard Scheuermann
term editor: Ryan Brinkman
term editor: Tina Hernandez-Boussard
alternative term: data analysis
alternative term: data processing
definition source: Branch editors
imported from: obi.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

leave one out cross validation method
type: Class
subclass of: statistical model validation
editor preferred term: leave one out cross validation method
example of usage: The authors conducted leave-one-out cross validation to estimate the strength and accuracy of the differentially expressed filtered genes. http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/3/368
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data
editor note: 2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893049&group_id=177891&atid=886178
term editor: Person:Helen Parkinson
preliminary broad class assigned: false

k-means clustering [obi]
type: Class
subclass of: dataset creating
subclass of: partitioning data transformation
subclass of: class discovery data transformation
editor preferred term: k-means clustering
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A k-means clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, which takes as input a collection of objects (represented as points in multidimensional space) and which partitions them into a specified number k of clusters. The algorithm attempts to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. The most common form of the algorithm starts by partitioning the input points into k initial sets, either at random or using some heuristic data. It then calculates the mean point, or centroid, of each set. It constructs a new partition by associating each point with the closest centroid. Then the centroids are recalculated for the new clusters, and the algorithm repeated by alternate applications of these two steps until convergence, which is obtained when the points no longer switch clusters (or alternatively centroids are no longer changed).
term editor: Elisabetta Manduchi
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means
preliminary broad class assigned: false

hierarchical clustering [obi]
type: Class
subclass of: dataset creating
subclass of: class discovery data transformation
editor preferred term: hierarchical clustering
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root).
term editor: James Malone
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_clustering#Hierarchical_clustering
preliminary broad class assigned: false

dimensionality reduction
type: Class
subclass of: dataset creating
subclass of: class discovery data transformation
editor preferred term: dimensionality reduction
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m.
term editor: Elisabetta Manduchi
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Melanie Courtot
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
alternative term: data projection
definition source: PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi
definition source: PERSON: James Malone
definition source: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
preliminary broad class assigned: false

principal components analysis dimensionality reduction [obi]
type: Class
subclass of: dimensionality reduction
editor preferred term: principal components analysis dimensionality reduction
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A principal components analysis dimensionality reduction is a dimensionality reduction achieved by applying principal components analysis and by keeping low-order principal components and excluding higher-order ones.
term editor: Elisabetta Manduchi
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Melanie Courtot
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
alternative term: pca data reduction
definition source: PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi
definition source: PERSON: James Malone
definition source: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
preliminary broad class assigned: false

data visualization
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: graph
    union of: image
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  all values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  all values from: Class
    union of: graph
    union of: image
editor preferred term: data visualization
example of usage: Generation of a heatmap from a microarray dataset
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data.
term editor: Elisabetta Manduchi
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Melanie Courtot
term editor: Tina Boussard
alternative term: data encoding as image
alternative term: visualization
definition source: PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi
definition source: PERSON: James Malone
definition source: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition source: PERSON: Tina Boussard
curator note: Possible future hierarchy might include this: information_encoding >data_encoding >>image_encoding
preliminary broad class assigned: false

partitioning data transformation
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
editor preferred term: partitioning data transformation
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A partitioning data transformation is a data transformation that has objective partitioning.
term editor: James Malone
definition source: PERSON: James Malone
preliminary broad class assigned: false

class discovery data transformation
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
editor preferred term: class discovery data transformation
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery.
term editor: James Malone
alternative term: clustering data transformation
alternative term: unsupervised classification data transformation
definition source: PERSON: James Malone
preliminary broad class assigned: false

clustered data visualization
type: Class
subclass of: data visualization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: dot plot
    union of: histogram
    union of: heatmap
    union of: dendrogram
    union of: scatter plot
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  all values from: clustered data set
editor preferred term: clustered data visualization
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A data visualization which has input of a clustered data set and produces an output of a report graph which is capable of rendering data of this type.
term editor: James Malone
preliminary broad class assigned: false

validation
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
example of usage: PMID: 18557814 . Chemical and genetic validation of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase as a drug target in African trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jun 16.
has curation status: uncurated
definition: a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results
definition source: adapted from wordnet (wkipedia)
imported from: obi.owl
coarse classification: process
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 23.08.2022
creation date: 23.08.2022
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

morphology
type: Class
subclass of: physical object quality
editor preferred term: morphology
definition: A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

shape
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
definition source: https://ontobee.org/ontology/PATO
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 15.08.2022
last update on: 18.08.2022

length
type: Class
subclass of: morphology
editor preferred term: length
definition: A 1-dimensional extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Viskosität @de

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
editor preferred term: pressure
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 31.3.2022

physical object quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
editor preferred term: physical object quality
definition: A quality which inheres in a continuant.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality
type: Class
subclass of: radiation quality
editor preferred term: electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality
definition: A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

optical quality
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality
editor preferred term: optical quality
definition: An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

quality of a solid
type: Class
subclass of: quality of a substance
editor preferred term: quality of a solid
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

quality of a liquid
type: Class
subclass of: quality of a substance
editor preferred term: quality of a liquid
definition: A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

radiation quality
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
editor preferred term: radiation quality
definition: A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

acidity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions).
alternative term: pH
imported from: pato.owl
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.9.2025
creation date: 2023-09-01T09:06:40.923633Z
label: Säuregrad @de

molecular quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical object quality
editor preferred term: molecular quality
definition: A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

quality of a substance
type: Class
subclass of: quality
editor preferred term: quality of a substance
definition: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
imported from: pato.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false

count
type: Class
subclass of: data item
has curation status: uncurated
definition: a count is a data item denoted by an integer and represented the number of instances or occurences of an entity
imported from: ms.owl
coarse classification: information content entity
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 19.08.2023
comment: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ms.owl

unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
definition: A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality.

Axiom
annotated source: unit
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia

time unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
has_exact_synonym: time derived unit

Axiom
annotated source: time unit
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia

millimeter
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
type: NamedIndividual
NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound: true
editor preferred term: millimeter
has curation status: uncurated
definition: "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m." [NIST:NIST]
definition: A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m. (uo defined)
alternative term: mm
alternative term: mm MILLIMETER Millimeter millimeter(s) millimeter
definition source: https://ontobee.org/ontology/UO
imported from: uo.owl
coarse classification: quality
preliminary broad class assigned: true
language: English
last update on: 18.08.2022
has_exact_synonym: mm
comment: Imported from ontocomons, also present in TIB terminological service
label: millimeter [nist] @de

mole fraction
type: Class
subclass of: mole fraction based unit
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution.
has_exact_synonym: (x)
has_exact_synonym: chi

mass percentage
type: Class
subclass of: mass percentage based unit
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: mass percentage
definition: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
alternative term: % w/w
alternative term: percent weight pr weight
imported from: uo.owl
has_exact_synonym: w/w
has_exact_synonym: weight-weight percentage

mass volume percentage
type: Class
subclass of: mass volume percentage based unit
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: mass volume percentage
definition: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture.
alternative term: % w/v
alternative term: percent vol per vol
imported from: uo.owl
has_exact_synonym: (w/v)
has_exact_synonym: weight-volume percentage

mole fraction based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

mass percentage based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

mass volume percentage based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

length
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Length is the amount of space between two geographical points along a curve. It is a base quantity in the International System of Units and other systems of units. Length is speed times time. The metre, a base unit of length in the International System of Units, is defined in terms of speed of light during a certain time interval.
imported from: om-2
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Länge @de

power
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Power is the time rate at which work is done. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units. Power is energy divided by time.
imported from: om-2
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Leistung @de

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Pressure is the force applied to or distributed over a surface. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units. Pressure is force divided by area.
imported from: om-2
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Druck @de

torque
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Torque is the effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. (defined by om)
definition source: http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2
imported from: uo.owl
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 24.08.2022
creation date: 24.08.2022
label: Drehmoment @de

sample
type: Class
subclass of: role
has curation status: uncurated
definition: Feature which is intended to be representative of a FeatureOfInterest on which Observations may be made.
imported from: sosa
preliminary broad class assigned: false
language: English
last update on: 25.08.2022
creation date: 25.08.2022
label: Probe @de

file data item
type: Class
subclass of: data item
comment: A file data item is a data item that represents a file stored on a hard drive. It might also include essential attributes like its name, location, download URL, size, type, and timestamps for creation, modification, and access. It might also capture permissions and ownership details to control how the file can be accessed or modified.

material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: portion of matter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: material property
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: intensive quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: process
comment: Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a manufacturing process may be (subclasses of) objects that bear a 'blank role' in the context of the manufacturing process.
comment: Material is defined in terms of the three main perspectives that material specifications rely on: the structure of the material ("intensive quality"), the performance of the material ("behavoiral material property") and the processing the material must have undergone ("output of some process"). When defining specific materials/material taxonomies, these three aspects shall be taken into account in the aristotelian ("per genus et differentiam") as differentiation.
comment: The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
label: Material @de
alternative label: Portion of Material
definition: A material is a portion of matter that may participate in some manufacturing process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the manufacturing process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

portion of matter
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
comment: Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
definition: A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
isInMinimalProfile: true

engineered material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: manufacturing process
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: manufacturing process
comment: We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
definition: An engineered material is a material that is output of a manufacturing process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
editor preferred term: plan specification
example of usage: PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
editor note: 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
editor note: Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: Clint Dowland
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
definition source: OBI_0000344
imported from: plan specification
comment: 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use the

material property
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: stimulating process
comment: A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) Technical materials are complex aggregates. Many properties that are determined for those aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property. Extensive properties that depend on the object being tested rather than on the portion of matter are (extensive) object- or system-properties.
definition: a disposition of a portion of matter that is realized in a compatible process and whose realization is grounded in the portions intensive qualities
isInMinimalProfile: true

Axiom
annotated source: material property
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
comment: Due to the duality of object and portion of matter this axiom can not be an equivalent class axiom.

vector field specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
editor note: also see "The Ontology of Fields" - Report of a specialist meeting held under the auspices of the varenius project: Donna Peuquet, Barry Smith, and Berit Brogaard; Bar Harbor, Maine 1998
definition: Vector field specification is a value specification that represents an assignment of a vector to each point in a discretized spatial region.

process attribute
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
editor note: an attribute of a process
comment: Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
see also: process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019
versionInfo: Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
alternative label: process characteristic
definition: a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
example: Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
isInMinimalProfile: true

workflow function
type: Class
subclass of: software method
definition: A plan specification representing a callable software method that prescribes a specific computational action, including execution instructions and a defined set of input and output specifications.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

workflow node
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      union of: input assignment
      union of: output assignment
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: workflow function
definition: A computing process that executes a workflow function within a workflow run, consuming input data and producing output data according to the function’s specifications.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

workflow definition
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that prescribes the ordered application of one or more workflow functions, including their interconnections via input and output specifications, in order to achieve a specified computational objective.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

parameter specification
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: directive information entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: data item
definition: A directive information entity that specifies a parameter required or produced by a workflow function, including its intended role, position, and constraints.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

input specification
type: Class
subclass of: parameter specification
definition: A parameter specification that prescribes a data item required as input for the execution of a workflow function.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

output specification
type: Class
subclass of: parameter specification
definition: A parameter specification that prescribes a data item intended to be produced as output by the execution of a workflow function.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

workflow run
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: workflow definition
definition: A computing process that realizes a workflow definition by executing its prescribed workflow nodes in a concrete temporal order, consuming and producing specific data items.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246

simulation entity role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has realization
    some values from: simulation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: simulation process
definition: Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context

melting process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: change of aggregate state
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: melt
label: Schmelzprozess @de
definition: Ein Schmelzvorgang ist ein thermisch induzierter Prozess, bei dem ein festes Material einen Phasenübergang in einen flüssigen Zustand erfährt. Er beinhaltet die Absorption von Wärme und findet bei oder oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Materials statt. @de
definition: a thermally induced change of aggregate state during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point.
example: The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion.

heating function
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change function
label: Heizfunktion @de
definition: A temperature change function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction.
definition: Eine Heizfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die ein System oder Gerät in die Lage versetzt, die Wärmeenergie eines Materials zu erhöhen, um die für die Verarbeitung, Umwandlung oder Reaktion erforderlichen Temperaturen zu erreichen. @de
example: The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace.

cooling function
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change function
label: Kühlfunktion @de
definition: A temperature change function that enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold.
definition: Eine Kühlfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die es einem System oder Gerät ermöglicht, die Temperatur eines Materials zu senken, häufig um die Erstarrung zu steuern oder einen stabilen Zustand unterhalb eines gewünschten thermischen Schwellenwerts aufrechtzuerhalten. @de
example: The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting.

melting furnace
type: Class
subclass of: heat treatment device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: furnace
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: melting function
comment: An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking.
label: Schmelzofen @de
definition: A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt.
definition: Ein Schmelzofen ist ein Gerät, das eine Schmelzfunktion hat und in der Regel dazu dient, die Temperatur eines festen Materials zu erhöhen, um seine Umwandlung in eine Schmelze einzuleiten und aufrechtzuerhalten. @de

melting function
type: Class
subclass of: heating function
label: Schmelzfunktion @de
definition: A heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point.
definition: Eine Schmelzfunktion ist eine Heizfunktion, die es einem Gerät oder System ermöglicht, den Phasenübergang eines festen Materials in eine Flüssigkeit einzuleiten oder aufrechtzuerhalten, indem seine Temperatur über den Schmelzpunkt angehoben wird. @de
example: The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts.

input assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process boundary
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: information content entity
definition: Input assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as input to the computing process
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278

output assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process boundary
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: information content entity
definition: Output assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as output to the computing process
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278

temporally qualified continuant
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: exists at
    some values from: temporal region
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is state of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: independent continuant
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: temporally qualified continuant
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: exists at
  some values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is state of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: temporally qualified continuant
editor note: For any temporally qualified continuant x@t, there exists a continuant y such that x@t has_state y, meaning that y is the anchor continuant of which x@t is a temporal phase existing at temporal regions t. The relation has_state is functional and signifies that all such temporally qualified continuants are uniquely associated with their basic anchor continuant.
definition: A temporally qualified continuant is a continuant that, by reference to a determinate temporal region, is such as to possess its properties only for so long as that period obtains, being otherwise in its essentiality unchanged.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185

mold
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: mould
definition: A device consisting of a hollowed-out cavity that shapes fluid or plastic material into a specific form through the process of solidification or cooling.

function name
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: workflow function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value
  some values from: Literal
definition: A textual entity that denotes a workflow function
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/280

import path
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: workflow function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value
  some values from: Literal
definition: A textual entity that denotes a workflow function via import resolution rules
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/280

hardening
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
alternative label: toughening
definition: A manufacturing process that increases the strength and hardness of a material.

ion-exchange hardening
type: Class
subclass of: hardening
definition: Hardening process used in glass manufacturing where ions in the glass are replaced by larger ions from a solution which create compressive stress and increased hardness.

nonlinear optical property
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
label: optical non-linearity
definition: Optical property that is dependent on the intensity of the input light.

geological process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A natural process that operates within the Earth system to transform, transport, or deform Earth materials, thereby changing Earth structures and landforms

superconducting
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: The disposition of a material to conduct electricity without electrical resistance or infinite electrical conductance respectively.

dielectric disposition
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: The disposition of an electric insulator to be polarized when subjected to an electric field.

conventional ceramics manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
definition: A manufacturing process that relies on traditional and manual methods to produce ceramics.
example: forming green bodies by hand using a bonfire, pit or kiln for firing/sintering

clay
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: ceramic
    intersection of: geogenic mineral
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: inorganic composition
definition: material that is naturally occurring, fine-grained earthy and composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, formed by the geological processes

structural composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
definition: composite of material that is multi-layered and normally low-density, engineered for applications requiring structural integrity through high tensile, compressive, and torsional strengths and stiffnesses

laminated composite
type: Class
subclass of: structural composite
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: laminate ply role
definition: A structural composite composed of two-dimensional sheets or panels (plies or laminae) bonded to one another, where each ply possesses a preferred high-strength direction

sandwich panel composite
type: Class
subclass of: structural composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: sandwich sheet
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: sandwich core
definition: A structural composite designed as a lightweight beam or panel consisting of two stiff and strong outer face sheets separated by a lightweight core layer with a low modulus of elasticity

metal matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: metal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
definition: composite consisting of a metal or alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
abbreviation: MMC

polymer matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: polymer
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
definition: composite consisting of a polymer matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
abbreviation: PMC

laminate ply role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: a single two-dimensional sheet that provides a specific high-strength orientation within a multi-layered stack

doc string
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value
  some values from: Literal
definition: A docstring is a textual entity that describes an associated section of some source code
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/270

sandwich sheet
type: Class
subclass of: role
label: sandwich sheet role
definition: a stiff, strong material that carries bending loads through tensile and compressive stresses when integrated into a panel assembly

sandwich core
type: Class
subclass of: role
label: sandwich core role
definition: a lightweight, low-density material that maintains the separation of face sheets and withstands transverse shear stresses

mineral
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A mineral is a naturally occurring material characterized by a defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure, formed through natural geological or biological processes.

1D
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: 1D is a data item representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
isInMinimalProfile: true

2D
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A two-dimensional data item is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ASTM grainsize
type: Class
subclass of: grain size
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is quality measured as
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: measurement datum
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is specified output of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: process
        intersection of: Restriction
editor note: TODO: axiom needs refinement
definition: The ASTM grain size is a quality that is measured through a process that follows the ASTM standard.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Ab Initio MD Simulation @de
definition: A simulation process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der quantenmechanische Berechnungen verwendet, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme ohne empirische Parameter vorherzusagen. @de
example: Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties.

acoustic absorption coefficient
type: Class
subclass of: acoustic property
definition: The acoustic absorption coefficient is an acoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
isInMinimalProfile: true

acoustic property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: acoustic wave
definition: An acoustic property is a material property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
isInMinimalProfile: true

acoustical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: acoustic property
label: Akustische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die akustischen Eigenschaften von Materialien misst, indem es analysiert, wie Schallwellen mit dem Material interagieren. Dieser Prozess umfasst die Erzeugung von Schallwellen und die Beobachtung ihrer Reflexion, Übertragung, Absorption oder Streuung, um Eigenschaften wie akustische Impedanz, Absorptionskoeffizient und Schallgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen. @de
example: For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects.

additive manufacturing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Additive Fertigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Herstellung von Objekten Schicht für Schicht durch additive Verfahren wie 3D-Druck. @de

adhesion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Adhäsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Stärke der Haftung zwischen zwei verklebten Oberflächen misst und die Qualität der Klebeverbindungen bewertet. @de
example: Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components.

adjustment device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
example of usage: A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw.
label: Einstellungsgeräterolle @de
definition: A device role that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes, das zum Einstellen eines anderen Gerätes (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole) verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

aggregate state
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: aggregate state value
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: aggregate state value
definition: an intensive quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gasous
isInMinimalProfile: true

aging process
type: Class
subclass of: process
label: Alterungsprozess @de
definition: Das Aging oder Auslagern ist ein Anlassvorgang, der den Martensit (Härtungsgefüge) wieder duktil und verformbar macht. Dabei wird ein Agingvorgang genutzt, nämlich die Bildung von Ausscheidungen in Form von FeXCY - Carbiden @de
definition: The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution.
example: The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase.

acoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: wave
definition: a mechanical wave of pressure disturbances that propagates through a medium by local compression and rarefaction

impact
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: impact is a short-duration, high-force interaction porcess between two bodies in contact

flow of electric charge
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is the process of movement of charged particles

heat flow
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process in which transfer of thermal energy between or within material entities occurs

generation of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process that occurs as a reaction to change of elctric field or movement of charges and produces a magnetic field

mechanical process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process in which forces, moments, or imposed displacements to objects or object aggregates occur and/or the equivalent (stresses, strains) to materials or portions of matter

assembling process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Assemblierungsprozess @de
definition: An assembling process is a manufacturing process that mounts or demounts components.

atomic force microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Atomkraftmikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das die Oberflächentopographie von Materialien im Nanobereich durch Abtasten mit einer mechanischen Sonde kartiert. @de
abbreviation: AFM

atomic structure
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: The atomic structure is an object aggregate that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

atomistic monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: monte carlo simulation
label: Atomistische Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A monte carlo simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions.
definition: Ein Monte Carlo Simulationsprozess, der sich auf die atomare Skala konzentriert, bei dem die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Materialien durch die Betrachtung einzelner Atome und ihrer Wechselwirkungen modelliert werden. @de
example: Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity.

bandsaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Bandsäge @de
definition: A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic.
definition: Eine Bandsäge ist eine Art von Säge, die ein kontinuierliches, endloses Sägeblatt in Form eines Bands verwendet. Dieses Sägeblatt ist in der Regel eine schmale, flexible Stahlklinge mit Zähnen entlang einer Kante. Die Bandsäge ist in eine geschlossene Schleife montiert und wird über zwei Räder geführt, von denen mindestens eines angetrieben wird. Die Funktionsweise der Bandsäge ermöglicht präzise und effiziente Schnitte in unterschiedlichen Materialien, einschließlich Holz, Metall und Kunststoff. @de

bending testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Biegeversuchmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Biegefestigkeit und Flexibilität von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Last und Messung der Verformung. @de

bending testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Biegeprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Biegekräfte misst und seine Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application.

biocompatibility analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: biological property analyzing process
label: Analyseverfahren der Biokompatibilität @de
definition: A biological property analyzing process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response.
definition: An example of a biocompatibility analyzing process is an in vitro cell culture test, where cells are cultured in the presence of the implant material to observe any cytotoxic effects, such as changes in cell morphology, proliferation rate, or cell viability.
definition: Ein Biologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verträglichkeit eines Materials mit lebenden Geweben bewertet, um sicherzustellen, dass es keine nachteilige biologische Reaktion hervorruft. @de

biological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Biologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die Wechselwirkung von Materialien mit biologischen Systemen untersucht, einschließlich Biokompatibilität, Abbaubarkeit, Toxizität und der Auswirkungen von Materialien auf lebende Organismen und Zellen. @de

blank role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition source: “Blank.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
label: Rohling-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process
example: Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation.

boiling point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The boiling point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the liquid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
type: Class
subclass of: brinell hardness
definition: A brinell hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
isInMinimalProfile: true

brinell hardness
type: Class
subclass of: indentation hardness
definition: An indentation hardness scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bulk
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
disjoint with: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bulk modulus
type: Class
subclass of: elastic modulus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
isInMinimalProfile: true

burning
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Brennen @de
alternative label: Firing
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, der das Brennen beinhaltet, bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Anwendung großer Hitze, die oft zu einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Zersetzung führt, um die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials zu verändern, was zu Veränderungen wie Härtung, Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung oder Verringerung der Masse führt, @de
definition: a 'changing properties of material' process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass,
example: Firing in Pottery

cnc machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: CNC-Maschine @de
definition: A CNC machine is a forming machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks.
definition: Eine CNC-Maschine ist eine Formmaschine, die zur präzisen Steuerung von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen für Schneid-, Bohr-, Fräs- und andere Aufgaben computergestützte numerische Steuerung verwendet. @de

cnc welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: cnc machine
subclass of: welding device
label: CNC-Schweißmaschine @de
definition: A cnc machine that performs welding operations.
definition: Eine CNC-Schweißmaschine ist eine CNC-Maschine, die Schweißoperationen ausführt. @de

calibration device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgeräterolle @de
definition: A device role that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibrieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

caliper
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caliper
label: Messschieber @de
definition: A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses
definition: Messgerät mit zwei in der Regel verstellbaren Armen, Schenkeln oder Klemmbacken, das vor allem zur Messung der Abmessungen von Gegenständen, wie z. B. des Durchmessers oder der Dicke, verwendet wird @de

ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

change of aggregate state
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: a phase transformation (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in portion of matter
isInMinimalProfile: true

change of temperature
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: change of temperature is a process in which a particpant changes its temperature
isInMinimalProfile: true

changing properties of material
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition @de
label: Stoffeigenschaft Ändern @de
alternative label: Changing Of Material Properties
alternative label: Property Alteration
definition: A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der die Merkmale des Materials, aus dem ein Werkstück gefertigt ist, modifiziert, was unter anderem durch Vorgänge im submikroskopischen oder atomaren Bereich erfolgt, wie etwa durch Atomdiffusion, die Versetzungsentstehung und -bewegung im Atomgitter oder durch chemische Reaktionen, wobei die dabei auftretenden Formveränderungen nicht charakteristisch für diese Verfahren sind. @de
example: Heat Treatment

chemical composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
comment: See the editor note of composition to understand the difference between composition and chemical composition. See the pattern example of composition to underatand the difference between composition and proportion.
definition: The chemical composition is an intensive quality of a portion of matter which describes the types and proportions of pure chemical elements in the portion of matter, and it is a subject of some chemical composition data item.
isInMinimalProfile: true
pattern example: Material has quality chemical composition. Chemical composition is a subject of chemical composition data item. Chemical composition data item has members fraction value specifications (which have a numeral and a unit). Material has part portion of carbon. Material has relational quality mass proportion. Portion of carbon has relational quality mass proportion. Mass propotion is specified by value fraction value specification. Same approach for all chemical elements.

chemical composition analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Analyseverfahren für die chemische Zusammensetzung @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die chemische Zusammensetzung eines Materials bestimmt, indem es dessen Bestandteile und Verbindungen identifiziert und quantifiziert. @de

chemical potential
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality of a thermodynamic system describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Chemische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die chemische Zusammensetzung, Reaktivität und chemische Stabilität von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung chemischer Elemente und Verbindungen. @de

chromatography function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Chromatographiefunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: proportion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Chromatographieverfahren @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gemisch durch ihre Verteilung zwischen einer mobilen und einer stationären Phase ermöglicht. @de

chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Gemischen in einzelne Komponenten unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule und einer mobilen Phase. @de

circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Kreissäge @de
definition: Die Kreissäge ist eine elektrische oder motorisierte Säge, die durch ein rundes, kreisförmiges Sägeblatt angetrieben wird. Das Sägeblatt einer Kreissäge ist mit Zähnen entlang seines Randes ausgestattet, die dazu dienen, das Material zu schneiden, wenn es in die Säge eingespeist wird. Kreissägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und können für verschiedene Materialien wie Holz, Metall, Kunststoff und sogar Gestein verwendet werden, abhängig vom spezifischen Sägeblatt, das installiert ist. @de
definition: The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed.

circular table saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
label: Tischkreissäge @de
definition: A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts.
definition: Eine stationäre Kreissäge, die in eine Tischplatte eingebaut ist. Sie wird oft in Werkstätten für präzise Holzschnitte verwendet. @de

cleaning
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592 @de
label: Reinigen @de
definition: A separating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem unerwünschtes Material von einer Oberfläche durch Reinigungsmethoden entfernt wird, die Verfahren wie Strahlen, Waschen oder chemische Reinigung umfassen können. @de
example: Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning

cleaning device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Reinigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen von Materialien oder Oberflächen. @de

coarse grained simulation
type: Class
subclass of: multiscale simulation
label: Coarse Grained Simulation @de
definition: Ein Multiskalensimulation Prozess, der das System vereinfacht, indem Atome oder Moleküle zu größeren Partikeln zusammengefasst werden, wodurch die Rechenkomplexität verringert wird und die Untersuchung größerer Systeme oder längerer Zeitskalen ermöglicht wird. @de
definition: Multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales
example: In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt.

coating
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition @de
label: Beschichten @de
definition: A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der darauf abzielt, eine dauerhaft haftende Schicht aus einem Material ohne Form auf ein Werkstück aufzubringen, wobei der unmittelbare Zustand des Beschichtungsmaterials direkt vor dem Auftragen entscheidend ist. @de
example: Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition

coating application function
type: Class
subclass of: coating function
label: Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion @de
definition: A coating application function is a coating function that is realized in applying a coating to a surface.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

coating by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Durch Löten @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Löten beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards.

coating by welding
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay.

coating device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Beschichtungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung oder Schicht auf Materialien zur Verbesserung ihrer Eigenschaften oder ihres Aussehens. @de

coating from the gaseous or vapour state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
alternative label: Vakuumbeschichten @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

coating from the granular or powdery state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Körnigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder coating of metal parts.

coating from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Ionisierten Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings.

coating from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Electroplating of metals.

coating from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating.

coating from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls.

coating function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Beschichtungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

colorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Farbmessgerät @de
definition: A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Farbe einer Probe, häufig verwendet in der Qualitätskontrolle und Materialanalyse. @de

composite
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that consists of two or more bonded materials with dissimilar physical or chemical properties which are used to complement each other where the parts remain seperate and distinct in the resulting object aggregate.
example: carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminated glass wood hard metal composites for abrasive tools
isInMinimalProfile: true

compounding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1 @de
label: Zusammensetzen @de
alternative label: Putting Together
definition: A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem verschiedene Komponenten oder Unterbaugruppen zu einer komplexen Einheit zusammengefügt werden. Es wird üblicherweise in Fertigungsprozessen verwendet, bei denen mehrere Teile zu einem Endprodukt zusammengefügt werden. @de
example: Interlocking, Layering

compounding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Compoundiermaschine @de
definition: A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mischung oder Compoundierung von Materialien, um gewünschte Eigenschaften zu erreichen. @de

compression testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Druckprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Druckkraft. @de

compression testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Druckprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials unter Druckkräften bestimmt und seine Druckfestigkeit und seinen Druckmodul misst. @de
example: Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction.

computing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Computer @de
definition: A device that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs.
definition: Ein Gerät, das eine Ausführungsumgebung bspw. für Simulationsprozesse oder Vorhersagemodelle bereitstellt. Ein Rechenknoten kann virtuell (bspw. ein Container oder eine virtuelle Maschine) oder physisch (z. B. ein Bare-Metal-Server) ausgestaltet sein und verwendet in der Regel digitale Repräsentationen von Objekten als Eingaben und erzeugt digitale Messungen, wie z.B. Simulationsergebnisse oder Vorhersagen, als Ausgaben. @de

computing process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: information content entity
editor note: The subclass trees of "Computing Process" are currently still proposals and serve as a working basis for the discussion round with the simulation/workflow domain experts.
label: Datenverarbeitung @de
label: Rechenprozess @de
definition: A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
definition: Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen. @de

conditioning process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Konditionierungsprozess @de
definition: A conditioning process is a manufacturing process that sets a material entity to predefined environmental conditions.
definition: Diese Aktivität beschreibt den Prozess und die Maßnahmen, die ergriffen werden, um einen materiellen Gegenstand auf vordefinierte Umgebungsbedingungen einzustellen. @de

continuous simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

absorption of corpuscular radiation
type: Class
subclass of: absorption of radiation
definition: process of taking up corpuscular radiation by a material entity

crack growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
isInMinimalProfile: true

creep testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Kriechprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens von Materialien unter konstanter Belastung bei hohen Temperaturen. @de

creep testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Kriechprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verformung eines Materials über die Zeit unter konstanter Belastung und Temperatur bewertet und sein Kriechverhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming.

cryogenic freezer
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
label: Kryogefrierschrank @de
definition: A cryogenic freezer is a temperature change device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C.
definition: A device used to preserve materials at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen zu konservieren, typischerweise unter -150°C. @de
definition: Ein Kryogefrierschrank ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen konserviert, oft unter -150°C. @de

crystal structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: bravais lattice (3D)
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: bravais lattice (3D)
comment: The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described e.g. by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
definition: an intensive qualtty of a crystal that embodies the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystal lattice.
isInMinimalProfile: true

cut function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Trennen Funktion @de
alternative label: Schneidfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Deep Learning @de
definition: A simulation process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der künstliche neuronale Netze mit vielen Schichten verwendet, um komplexe Muster in Daten zu modellieren. @de
example: Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials.
abbreviation: DL

defect density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties
isInMinimalProfile: true

deformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material often under the influence of stress or force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
isInMinimalProfile: true

deterministic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

device
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: Gerät @de
definition: A device is an object that is designed to perform a specific function or task involving measurement, manipulation, processing, or analysis.
definition: Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

device role
type: Class
subclass of: role
label: Rolle eines Gerätes @de
definition: Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

dielectric constant
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
disjoint with: electrical conductivity
definition: The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
isInMinimalProfile: true

differential scanning calorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Wärmeflusses, der mit Phasenübergängen in einer Probe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur verbunden ist. @de

differential scanning calorimetry process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie-Verfahren @de
definition: A thermal property analyzing process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Wärmestrom in oder aus einem Material misst, während es erhitzt, gekühlt oder bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, um seine thermischen Übergänge wie Schmelzen, Kristallisation und Glasübergänge zu bestimmen. @de
example: Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior.
abbreviation: DSC

differential thermal analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Differenzthermoanalyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A thermal property analyzing process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial misst, während sie einem kontrollierten Temperaturprogramm unterzogen werden, um Phasenübergänge und Reaktionen zu identifizieren. @de
example: Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics.
abbreviation: DTA

differential thermal analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Differentialthermometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial beim Erhitzen oder Abkühlen. @de

dimension measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Dimensionierungsfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
definition: Eine Messfunktion um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

dimension measuring process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: size
label: Dimensions Messprozess @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die physikalischen Dimensionen eines Materials oder Objekts, wie Länge, Breite, Höhe, Durchmesser und Dicke, mit hoher Genauigkeit und Präzision bestimmt. @de

disassembling
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591 @de
label: Zerlegen @de
definition: A separating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem eine zusammengesetzte oder montierte Einheit in ihre Einzelteile oder Abschnitte zerlegt wird. @de
example: Dismantling, Emptying

discrete-event simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

dividing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588 @de
label: Zerteilen @de
definition: A separating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem das Material durch Techniken wie Scherschneiden, Spalten, Reißen oder Brechen in verschiedene Teile zerlegt wird. Es wird in der Regel bei Prozessen eingesetzt, bei denen eine genaue Kontrolle über den Schnitt weniger wichtig ist. @de
example: Shearing, Cracking

drilling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Bohrmaschine @de
definition: A forming machine that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit.
definition: Eine Formmaschine, die Löcher in einem Werkstück durch ein sich drehendes Bohrwerkzeug erzeugt. @de

dynamic mechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, welcher die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Zeit, Frequenz und Spannung misst und dessen viskoelastisches Verhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures.
abbreviation: DMA

dynamic mechanical analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Dynamischer mechanischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien als Funktion von Temperatur, Frequenz und Zeit. @de

elastic modulus
type: Class
subclass of: stiffness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: represents a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electric potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: an extensvie quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
definition: The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: flow of electric charge
definition: An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: electrical property
label: Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, dielektrischer Festigkeit und elektrischer Ladungsspeicherkapazitäten. @de

electron beam welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: welding device
label: Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine @de
definition: An electron beam welding machine is a welding device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment.
definition: Eine Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine ist ein Schweißgerät, das einen hochgeschwindigen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um Materialien miteinander zu verschmelzen, typischerweise in einer Vakuumumgebung. @de

electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
definition source: “Electron microscope.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
label: Elektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure.
definition: An electron-optical instrument in which a beam of electrons is used to produce an enlarged image of a minute object.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

electron microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Elektronenmikroskopie @de
definition: A microscopy process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild eines Objekts zu erzeugen, wodurch eine hochauflösende Visualisierung der Oberfläche und der inneren Strukturen des Materials ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution.

electron spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: defect density
label: Elektronenspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Energieverteilung von Elektronen untersucht, die aus einer Probe emittiert werden, wenn diese mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt oder mit Teilchen bombardiert wird. @de
example: Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy.

emission of corpuscular radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Empirische Potential MD Simulation @de
definition: A simulation process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der empirische Potentiale verwendet, die aus experimentellen Daten abgeleitet sind, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme zu modellieren. @de
example: Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials.

environmental chamber
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Umweltschrank @de
definition: A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Simulation von Umweltbedingungen wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Druck zur Prüfung von Materialien und Geräten. @de

workflow executor role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role that inheres in an agent and is realized by the agent’s participation in a workflow run, in which the agent carries out, controls, or is responsible for the execution of a workflow according to a workflow definition.

evolution of damage
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
isInMinimalProfile: true

extensometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Extensometer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
definition: A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting.

fatigue testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Materialermüdungsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Ermüdungsresistenz von Materialien, indem diese wiederholten Belastungszyklen ausgesetzt werden. @de

fatigue testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: single fatigue testing process
label: Ermüdungsprüfverfahren @de
alternative label: S-N testing process
alternative label: fatigue testing series
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, zyklischen Belastungen standzuhalten, und seine Ermüdungslebensdauer und -grenze bestimmt. @de
definition: Fatigue testing process is a mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit. It must have occurent parts single fatigue tests.
example: Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions.

ferrous metal
type: Class
subclass of: metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of iron
definition: metal that has iron as primary constituent

filling
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2 @de
label: Füllen @de
definition: A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial verwendet wird, um Teile zu verbinden. @de
example: Impregnating, Soaking

flow cytometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Durchflusszytometer @de
definition: A flow cytometer is a device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
definition: Ein Durchflusszytometer ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Zell- oder Partikelpopulation zu messen. @de

force measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Kraftmessfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
definition: Eine Messfunktion um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

formation of notch or scratch
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

forming
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition @de
label: Umformen @de
alternative label: Shaping
definition: A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der durch plastische Umformung die Gestalt eines festen Körpers verändert, wobei sowohl die Masse als auch die strukturelle Integrität erhalten bleiben. @de
example: Tension Forming, Compression Forming

forming by bending
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586 @de
label: Biegeumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, der das Biegen von Materialien beinhaltet und typischerweise bei der Bearbeitung von Blechen, Rohren oder Profilen zu gekrümmten Formen oder Winkeln eingesetzt wird, wie es in der Metallverarbeitung und in der verarbeitenden Industrie üblich ist. @de
example: Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement

forming machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Formmaschine @de
definition: A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Formgebung von Materialien unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, einschließlich Zug-, Druck- und Scherbedingungen. @de

forming under compressive and tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1 @de
label: Zugdruckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem sowohl Zug- als auch Druckkräfte auf ein Material ausgeübt werden. @de
example: Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning

forming under compressive conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1 @de
label: Druckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien unter Druck verformt werden. Er wird üblicherweise bei Techniken wie Walzen und Gesenkformen eingesetzt, bei denen Metall durch Druck in Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Rolling, Coining

forming under shearing conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587 @de
label: Schubumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Werkstoffe durch Verschieben oder Verdrehen verformt werden. Es wird häufig bei Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Werkstoffe durch Anwendung von Torsionskräften geformt werden. @de
example: Twisting, Displacement

forming under tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1 @de
label: Zugumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien gestreckt oder gedehnt werden, um die gewünschten Abmessungen oder Formen zu erreichen. @de
example: Expanding, Stretch Forming

fracture toughness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Bruchzähigkeitsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, der Rissausbreitung zu widerstehen, und seine Bruchzähigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress.

functional material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: function
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: object
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has function
      some values from: function
editor note: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A functional material F is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
isInMinimalProfile: true

furnace
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Furnace.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Ofen @de
definition: A device that generates and contains high-intensity thermal energy within an insulated enclosure.
definition: Ein Gerät, das hochintensive thermische Energie innerhalb eines isolierten Gehäuses erzeugt und speichert. @de

gas chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Gaschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Verbindungen trennt und analysiert, die ohne Zersetzung verdampft werden können, indem ein Gas als mobile Phase und eine feste oder flüssige stationäre Phase verwendet wird. @de
example: Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix.

gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

gel permeation chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Größe trennt, indem die Probe durch eine poröse Gelmatrix geleitet wird, auch bekannt als Größenausschlusschromatographie. @de
example: Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample.

gel permeation chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Gelpermeations-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Polymeren basierend auf ihrer Molekülgröße durch Gelpermeationschromatographie. @de

generative deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Generatives Deep Learning @de
definition: A deep learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Modelle erstellt, die in der Lage sind, neue Dateninstanzen zu erzeugen, die den Trainingsdaten ähneln. @de
example: Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength.

glass
type: Class
subclass of: material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
comment: It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
definition: A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
isInMinimalProfile: true

glueing
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8 @de
label: Kleben @de
alternative label: Bonding
definition: A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem Klebstoffe verwendet werden, um Materialien miteinander zu verbinden. Es eignet sich für eine Vielzahl von Materialien, darunter Metalle, Kunststoffe und Verbundstoffe, und wird in verschiedenen Anwendungen von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt. @de
example: Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding)

crystallite
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
label: kristallit @de
alternative label: Korn @de
alternative label: grain
definition: A crystal grain is a crystal that is part of a polycrystal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

gravimetric analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Gravimetrischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Masse einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Konzentration. @de

gravimetrical analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mass proportion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mass
label: Gravimetrisches Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Menge einer Substanz durch ihre Masse misst und dabei häufig die Fällung, Filtration, Trocknung und Wägung der Substanz umfasst. @de
example: An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate.

grinding machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Schleifmaschine @de
definition: A grinding machine is a forming machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work.
definition: Eine Schleifmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die ein Schleifrad verwendet, um Material von der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks zu entfernen, typischerweise für Feinarbeiten oder Präzisionsarbeiten. @de

grips
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grips
label: Halterungsklemmen @de
definition: Diese Gerät beschreibt ein Bauelement / Teil, mit dem etwas, normalerweise ein materielles Objekt, fest gegriffen oder eingespannt wird. Typischerweise sind Halterungen, Klemm- bzw. Spannsysteme Teil eines Befestigungssystems (Prozessknoten), das sich auf ein Prüfsystem bezieht. @de
definition: This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system.

hacksaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Bügelsäge @de
definition: A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs.
definition: Eine Bügelsäge ist eine Art Handsäge zum Schneiden verschiedener Materialien, insbesondere Metall. Sie besteht aus einem fein gezahnten Blatt, das in einem Rahmen gespannt ist, und einem Griff. Der Rahmen einer Bügelsäge ist in der Regel C-förmig, so dass das Blatt bei Bedarf leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Bügelsägen werden häufig bei der Metallbearbeitung und anderen Anwendungen eingesetzt, bei denen ein kontrollierter und präziser Schnitt durch Metall erforderlich ist. Die feinen Zähne des Sägeblatts ermöglichen ein effizientes Schneiden durch Metall, und der gespannte Rahmen sorgt für Stabilität während des Schneidens. Bügelsägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und werden häufig für Aufgaben wie das Schneiden von Rohren, Stangen und Blechen verwendet. Sie sind in verschiedenen Größen und Zahnkonfigurationen erhältlich, um verschiedenen Schneidanforderungen gerecht zu werden. @de

half-life
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
example: radioactive decay, material degradation
isInMinimalProfile: true

hand holdable disposition
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
label: in der Hand haltbar @de
definition: Disposion eines Objektes, das per Hand gehalten, betrieben oder verwendet werden kann. @de
definition: Disposition of an object that can be hold, operated or used manually.

hand circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: hand held device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: circular saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
label: Handkreissäge @de
definition: A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork.
definition: Die Handkreissäge is eine tragbare Kreissäge, die von Hand geführt wird. Sie eignet sich gut für präzise Schnitte bei Bau- und Holzarbeiten. @de

handsaw
type: Class
subclass of: hand held device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
label: Handsäge @de
definition: Die Handsäge ist eine manuell betriebene Säge, die dazu dient, verschiedene Materialien, insbesondere Holz, zu schneiden. Diese Art von Säge besteht typischerweise aus einem langen, dünnen Blatt mit Zähnen, das an einem Griff befestigt ist. Der Griff ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, die Säge von Hand zu führen und den Schnitt durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen des Blatts zu erzeugen. Handsägen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen erhältlich, je nach der beabsichtigten Anwendung. Es gibt beispielsweise Handsägen für Holz, Metall oder Kunststoff, und sie können unterschiedliche Zahngeometrien und Blattlängen aufweisen, um optimal auf verschiedene Schneidanforderungen abgestimmt zu sein. @de
definition: The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements.

hardening by forming
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Verfestigen Durch Umformen @de
definition: A changing properties of material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die Eigenschaften des Materials durch mechanische Verformung verändert. @de
example: Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength.

hardness
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hardness tester
type: Class
subclass of: hardness testing machine
label: Härteprüfgerät @de
definition: A hardness tester is a hardness testing machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation.
definition: Ein Härteprüfgerät ist eine Härteprüfmaschine, die den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung, typischerweise durch Eindrücken, misst. @de

hardness testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Härteprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Härte von Materialien durch verschiedene Prüfmethoden wie Eindrück- oder Kratzversuche. @de

hardness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Härteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung misst und typischerweise Eindringverfahren verwendet, um die Härte zu bestimmen. @de
example: Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications.

heat capacity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
disjoint with: thermal conductivity
definition: The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mixing
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
example of usage: Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water.
definition: A material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.

heat treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition @de
label: Wärmebehandlung @de
alternative label: Wärmebehandeln @de
definition: A changing properties of material process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem durch eine Reihe von Verfahrensschritten ein festes (Eisen-)Produkt ganz oder teilweise bestimmten Zeit-Temperatur-Abfolgen ausgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, seine Eigenschaften und/oder seine innere Struktur zu modifizieren. @de
example: Annealing, Ageing, Hardening

heat treatment device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      union of: heating function
      union of: cooling function
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    union of: heating function
    union of: cooling function
label: Wärmebehandlungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Materialien durch Erwärmungs- und Abkühlungsprozesse zur Veränderung ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

heat treatment function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Wärmebehandlungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

high-performance liquid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Komponenten in einer flüssigen Probe trennt, identifiziert und quantifiziert, indem hoher Druck verwendet wird, um die Probe durch eine mit einer stationären Phase gefüllte Säule zu leiten. @de
example: High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation.

high throughput simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Hochdurchsatzsimulation @de
definition: A simulation process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der eine große Anzahl von Simulationen automatisch durchführt, um eine breite Palette von Bedingungen zu erkunden. @de
example: Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications.

high performance liquid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung, Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in Flüssigkeitsproben durch Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie. @de

high temperature gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: gas chromatography system
label: Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A gas chromatography system used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gaschromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch bei hohen Temperaturen unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

hybrid simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true

impact testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Schlagprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bestimmt, Energie zu absorbieren und Schlagkräfte zu widerstehen, typischerweise unter Verwendung von Pendel- oder Fallgewichtsprüfgeräten. @de
example: Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries.

indentation hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

refraction (optical)
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
disjoint with: reflectivity
comment: e.g., air into glass
definition: Optical property which describes the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another due to a change in the light’s speed.
isInMinimalProfile: true

induction furnace
type: Class
subclass of: furnace
label: Induktionsofen @de
definition: An induction furnace is a furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material.
definition: Ein Induktionsofen ist ein Ofen, der Materialien durch elektromagnetische Induktion erhitzt, wobei die Wärme direkt im Material erzeugt wird. @de

injection molding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Spritzgießmaschine @de
definition: An injection molding machine is a device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
definition: Eine Spritzgießmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen. @de

ion exchange chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Ionenaustauschchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Ionen und polare Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Ladung trennt, indem ein Ionenaustauscherharz verwendet wird, um die Ionen aus der Probe anzuziehen und zu halten. @de
example: Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization.

ion exchange chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Ionenaustausch-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung von Ionen in einer Probe unter Verwendung von Ionenaustauschharzen in einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

ion microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Ionenmikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das Ionen verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

ion microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Ionenmikroskopie @de
definition: A microscopy process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen fokussierten Ionenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild einer Probe zu erzeugen, hochauflösende Bilder und Zusammensetzungsinformationen liefert und häufig für Oberflächenanalysen und Tiefenprofilierung verwendet wird. @de
example: An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images.

ion spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Ionen-Spektrometer @de
definition: A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse von Ionen in einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung und Konzentration. @de

ion spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Ionenspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Ionen in einer Probe analysiert, indem es ihre Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern oder anderen Ionen misst. @de
example: Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy.

irradiating
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Bestrahlen @de
definition: A changing properties of material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials durch Bestrahlung verändert und verbessert werden. @de
example: Polymer Curing

absorption of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: process of taking up radiation by a material entity

irradiation device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Irradiationsgerät @de
definition: A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Aussetzen von Materialien gegenüber Strahlung zur Induktion von Veränderungen ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

irradiation function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Irradiationsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

joining
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0 @de
label: Fügen @de
definition: A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der das dauerhafte Verbinden oder das Zusammenfügen von zwei oder mehr Werkstücken mit spezifischer, fester Form oder von solchen Werkstücken mit einem formlosen Material ermöglicht, wobei der Zusammenhalt an spezifischen Stellen erzeugt und insgesamt verstärkt wird. @de
example: Joining By Welding, Assembling

joining by primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4 @de
label: Fügen durch Urformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Master Forming
definition: A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material.
definition: Ein Fügeverfahren, bei dem ein Teil oder eine Komponente aus einem flüssigen oder halbflüssigen Material in seine endgültige Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Pouring, Embedding, Encasing

joining by shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5 @de
label: Fügen Durch Umformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Forming
definition: A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem eine oder mehrere Komponenten verformt werden, um eine mechanische Verriegelung oder Passung zu erreichen, die üblicherweise für Pressverbindungen, Crimpen oder Schmieden verwendet wird. @de
example: Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies

joining by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7 @de
label: Fügen Durch Löten @de
definition: A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial (Lot) verwendet wird, um Metallteile zu verbinden, indem das Lot zwischen ihnen geschmolzen wird, ohne die Grundmaterialien zu schmelzen. Diese Technik wird häufig in der Elektronik und im Sanitärbereich eingesetzt. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine starke, leitfähige Verbindung, die für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet ist. @de
example: Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering

joining by welding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6 @de
label: Fügen Durch Schweißen @de
definition: A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem zwei oder mehr Metallteile durch Anwendung von Hitze, Druck oder beidem verschmolzen werden, oft unter Zugabe eines Füllstoffs. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine dauerhafte und starke Verbindung, die in der Fertigung und im Bauwesen für dauerhafte Strukturen und Komponenten unerlässlich ist. @de
example: Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding

joining device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Verbindungsgerät @de
definition: A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering.
definition: Ein allgemeines Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden, einschließlich Schweißen und Löten. @de

joining function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Verbindungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

knife
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Messer @de
definition: A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit einer scharfen Schneide, üblicherweise aus Metall, das zum Schneiden von Lebensmitteln, Materialien oder anderen Substanzen verwendet wird. @de

laser spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: aggregate state
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystal structure
label: Laserspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das Laserlicht verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy.

lasercutter
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Laserschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Laserstrahlen verwendet, um präzise Schnitte in verschiedenen Materialien wie Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zu erzeugen. @de

lathe
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Drehmaschine @de
definition: A lathe is a forming machine that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation.
definition: Eine Drehmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, das ein Werkstück um seine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung durchzuführen. @de

light microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: optical microscopy
label: Lichtmikroskopie @de
definition: An optical microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials.
definition: Ein optisches Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um Proben zu vergrößern und zu visualisieren, wodurch die Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials.

load cell
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_cell
label: Kraftmessdose @de
definition: A device that converts mechanical force into a measurable signal by sensing the physical deformation of a structural element.

machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Maschinelles Lernen @de
definition: A simulation process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Algorithmen verwendet, um Computern das Lernen aus Daten und das Treffen von Vorhersagen zu ermöglichen. @de
example: Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition.
abbreviation: ML

machining geometrically defined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Bestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A separating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit einem Werkzeug mit definierter Form und scharfen Kanten entfernt wird, wie z. B. beim Sägen und Bohren. @de
example: Drilling, Turning

machining geometrically undefined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Unbestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A separating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit Werkzeugen mit undefinierten Schneiden abgetragen wird, wie z. B. beim Schleifen oder bei der abrasiven Bearbeitung, bei der die genaue Form des zu schneidenden Teils nicht klar definiert ist. @de
example: Grinding, Blasting

magnetic property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

magnetizing
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/magnetisieren/
label: Magnetisieren @de
definition: A changing properties of material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem ferromagnetische Stoffe einem äußeren Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden wodurch der Stoff magnetische Eigenschaften übernimmt. @de
example: Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization.

magnetizing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Magnetisierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Induktion eines Magnetfelds in Materialien, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de

magnetizing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Magnetisierungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

magneto electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: magnetic property
label: Magnetische Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die magnetischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, Permittivität, Permeabilität und Magnetisierung. @de

manufacturing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Fertigungsfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

manufacturing process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: completely executed planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: Class
      union of: object aggregate
      union of: object
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: Class
      union of: object aggregate
      union of: object
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
comment: Manufacturing processes alternate qualities of materials, i.e., a value specification of some quality of a material entity, which is a specified input to the process, cannot be the same as a value specification of the same quality of another material entity, which is a specified output of the process. Unfortunately it is not possible to write down such axiom based on OWL. Semi-working solution are the temporally qualified continuants + SPARQL constrains.
label: Herstellungsprozess @de
definition: A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
definition: Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

map
type: Class
subclass of: 2D
definition: A map is a 2D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Massenspektrometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Massen-zu-Ladung-Verhältnisses von Ionen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in einer Probe. @de

mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: density
label: Massenspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das das Masse-zu-Ladung-Verhältnis von Ionen misst, um Moleküle in einer Probe zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. @de
example: Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry.

matrix role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: filler role
disjoint with: precipitate role
definition: Matrix is the role of a 'PortionOfConnectedMatter' that implies to host the Filler.
isInMinimalProfile: true

measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Messfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

mechanical property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: mechanical process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material
comment: The axiom that mechanical property has realization some application of mechanical load treats only conventional materials and not such effects as magnetostriction etc.
definition: A mechanical property is a material property which is a characteristic of material M. Mechanical property has realization in a stimulating process (in most cases, application of mechanical load), and the stimulating process is an occurent part of another process, in which an object O that is an instance of M participates.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mechanical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: mechanical property
label: Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Festigkeit, Härte, Elastizität und Zugfestigkeit, oft durch Tests, die die Reaktion auf Kräfte und Lasten messen. @de

melting point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The melting point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

metal
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: crystallite
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: Class
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crystallographic texture
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
comment: typically observed through crystallographic analysis
definition: an intensive quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a polychrystal
isInMinimalProfile: true

micrometer gauge
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/micrometer%20caliper
label: Bügelmessschraube @de
definition: A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung präziser Messungen mit einer Spindel, die durch eine Feingewindeschraube bewegt wird. @de

microscope
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Mikroskop @de
definition: A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Vergrößerung und Betrachtung kleiner Objekte oder Details, die mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar sind. @de

microscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Mikroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das verschiedene Arten von Mikroskopietechniken verwendet, um die Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu visualisieren und zu analysieren. @de
definition: Microscopy process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales.
example: Electron microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; ion microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilities; and optical microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials.
abbreviation: Mikroskopie @de

microstructure
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: The focus of interest when looking at an object through the microstructure perspective is often its morphology.
definition: A microstructure is a portion of matter that represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
isInMinimalProfile: true

microtome
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Mikrotom @de
definition: A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope.
definition: A device used to cut extremely thin slices of material, often for microscopic examination.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um extrem dünne Scheiben von Material zu schneiden, oft für mikroskopische Untersuchungen. @de
definition: Ein Mikrotom ist ein Messgerät, das extrem dünne Scheiben von Material schneidet, oft zur Untersuchung unter einem Mikroskop. @de

milling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Fräsmaschine @de
definition: A milling machine is a forming machine that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
definition: Eine Fräsmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, das Bearbeitungsoperationen durchführt, um Material von einem Werkstück mithilfe von Fräsern zu entfernen. @de

Mohs hardness
type: Class
subclass of: scratch hardness
definition: Scalar scratch hardness scale used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
isInMinimalProfile: true

monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A simulation process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der zufällige Stichproben verwendet, um physikalische und mathematische Probleme zu lösen. @de
example: Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures.

multimodal deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Multimodales Deep Learning @de
definition: A deep learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Daten aus mehreren Modalitäten (z.B. Text, Bilder und Audio) integriert und verarbeitet, um die Leistung zu verbessern und ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu erlangen. @de
example: Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately.

multiscale simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Multiskalensimulation @de
definition: A simulation process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Modelle auf verschiedenen Skalen integriert, um das Verhalten eines Systems zu untersuchen. @de
example: Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys.

nanoindentation process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Nanoindentationsverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Härte und den elastischen Modulus von Materialien im Nanomaßstab mittels eines scharfen Eindringkörpers misst. @de
example: Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices.

natural organic material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: organic composition
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: Class
      union of: biological_process
      union of: geological process
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: organic composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    union of: biological_process
    union of: geological process
definition: Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
definition: material derived from natural biological sources or processes
isInMinimalProfile: true
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

chemical reaction
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.

optical microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Optisches Mikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um kleine Objekte oder Details zu vergrößern und zu betrachten. @de

optical microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Optische Mikroskopie @de
definition: A microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um eine Probe zu vergrößern und abzubilden, und weit verbreitet zur Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ist. @de
example: An example is Light Microscopy.

optical profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: surface profilometer
label: Optisches Profilometer @de
definition: An optical profilometer is a surface profilometer that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface.
definition: Ein optisches Profilometer ist ein Gerät, das Oberflächenprofile und Rauheit misst, indem es die Interferenzmuster von Licht analysiert, das von der Oberfläche eines Präparats reflektiert wird. @de

optical property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: absorption of wave radiation
definition: An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
isInMinimalProfile: true

optical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: optical property
label: Optische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Brechungsindex, Absorption, Transmission, Reflexion und Lumineszenz. @de

organization
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: organization
example of usage: PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
editor note: BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
term editor: PERSON: Susanna Sansone
definition source: OEO_00030022
definition source: GROUP: OBI
definition: An organization is an immaterial entity that has the organisation role and there exists some sort of legal framework that recognises the entity and its continued existence.
term tracker annotation: issue: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/101

phase boundary (realization)
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: A phase boundary is a realizable entity that is realized by the transition between distinct phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

photochemical process
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Photochemische Verfahren @de
definition: A changing properties of material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem Licht, in der Regel ultraviolettes (UV) Licht, zur Auslösung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet wird. In der Druckindustrie und bei einigen additiven Fertigungsverfahren wird diese Lichteinwirkung zur Härtung von Fotolacken oder zur Aushärtung von Tinten und Harzen verwendet. Das Verfahren beruht auf den spezifischen Wellenlängen des Lichts, um chemische Veränderungen im Material auszulösen. @de
example: Exposure

physical simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pole figure
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: map
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: crystallographic texture
definition: A pole figure is a map depicting a 2D stereographic projection which represents crystallographic orientations of grains in a polycrystalline material in respect to the sample's reference frame.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polishing machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Poliermaschine @de
definition: A polishing machine is a forming machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical.
definition: Eine Poliermaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die die Oberfläche eines Materials durch Reiben mit einem Werkzeug, Schleifmittel oder Chemikalien glättet. @de

polymer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: polymerization
subclass of: mixture
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: polymerization
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by van der waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pore growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: Pore growth is an evolution of damage describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

connected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
example: the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
isInMinimalProfile: true

disconnected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
example: a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
isInMinimalProfile: true

powder
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggregate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
isInMinimalProfile: true

precision lathe
type: Class
subclass of: lathe
label: Präzisionsdrehmaschine @de
definition: A precision lathe is a lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy.
definition: Eine Präzisionsdrehmaschine ist eine Drehmaschine, die ein Werkstück um eine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung mit extremer Genauigkeit durchzuführen. @de

pressing on - in
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3 @de
label: Anpressen - Einpressen @de
definition: A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Bauteil mechanisch in oder auf ein anderes gepresst wird, um eine sichere Passung und damit eine feste mechanische Verbindung herzustellen. @de
example: Clamps, Brackets, Wedging

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
disjoint with: temperature
comment: The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
definition: an intensive quality describing the force exerted per unit area in or on a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pressure measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Druckmessfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
definition: Eine Messfunktion, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition @de
label: Urformen @de
alternative label: Primary Forming
definition: A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden. @de
example: Casting, Sintering

primary shaping by additive manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Durch Additive Fertigung @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch additive Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet. @de
example: 3D printing of polymer objects.

primary shaping by welding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials by welding.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques.

primary shaping from the chip or fiber state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Spanförmigen Oder Faserförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem span- oder faserförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards.

primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production.

primary shaping from the granular or powdered state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Körnerförmigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts.

primary shaping from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus DemIonisierten Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma arc welding.

primary shaping from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Casting of molten metal into molds.

primary shaping from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Thermoforming of plastic sheets.

primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch den Übergang aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand in eine feste Form beinhaltet. @de
example: Pottery

rebound hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
definition: The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reinforcement learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Reinforcement Learning @de
definition: A deep learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones.
definition: Ein Deep Learning Prozess, der Modelle darin trainiert, Abfolgen von Entscheidungen zu treffen, indem gewünschte Aktionen belohnt und unerwünschte bestraft werden. @de
example: Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects.
abbreviation: RL

removing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590 @de
label: Abtragen @de
definition: A separating process that involves removing material through thermal, chemical and electrochemical methods.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material durch thermische, chemische und elektrochemische Methoden abgetragen wird. @de
example: Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation

rheological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Rheologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Deformationsverhalten von Materialien unter Einwirkung von Kräften bestimmt, einschließlich Viskosität, Elastizität und Plastizität, oft durch Rheometrie- und Viskosimetrie-Techniken. @de

rheometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Rheometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Fließ- und Verformungseigenschaften von Materialien, insbesondere von Flüssigkeiten und Halbfeststoffen. @de

rheometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
label: Rheometry @de
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Verformungsverhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich komplexer Flüssigkeiten und weicher Feststoffe, um umfassende Daten zu viskoelastischen Eigenschaften unter Verwendung von Rheometern zu liefern. @de
definition: Rheological property analyzing process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers.

sample role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor note: ANMERKUNG: Ein Sample ist ein Teil (oder das Ganze) eines Probestücks. Das Probestück wird bei der Herstellung eines industriell verwendeten Produktes gezielt für die Überprüfung des Produkteigenschaften bereitgestellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
editor note: In certain cases, the sample can be the specimen or the test piece itself.
editor note: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probe dienen. @de
editor note: NOTE: A Sample is a part (or the whole) of a Sample product. The Sample product is specifically produced portion of an industrially used and traded product for the purpose of determining the properties/quality of the product. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
definition source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Probe-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces.
definition: Rolle eines Objektes, das eine von einem Probestück/Material entnommene Menge ist, welche (vom Umfang her) geeignet ist Proben (Test Pieces) herzustellen. @de

saw
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
definition: A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting.
definition: Eine Säge ist ein Gerät, das zum Zerteilen von Materialien, insbesondere von Holz, verwendet wird. Sie besteht in der Regel aus einem dünnen, scharfen Metallblatt, das mit Zähnen versehen ist, und einem Griff oder Rahmen, der es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, die Säge zu führen. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Sägen, die für verschiedene Anwendungen konzipiert sind, darunter Handsägen, Kreissägen, Bügelsägen und Bandsägen. Jede Art von Säge ist auf bestimmte Aufgaben und Materialien abgestimmt, um effizientes Schneiden zu ermöglichen. @de
definition: Säge @de

scanning electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: electron microscope
label: Rasterelektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a measuring device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
definition: Ein Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder einer Probenoberfläche erzeugt, indem es sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl abtastet. @de

pair of scissors
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Schere @de
definition: A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit zwei scharfen Klingen, die durch Druck auf die Griffe zusammengeführt werden, um Papier, Stoff oder andere Materialien zu schneiden. @de

scratch hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition source: A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
definition: The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

scratch testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Kratzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Kratzkraft. @de

scratch testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Ritzhärteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Kratzer bewertet und seine Härte- und Haftungseigenschaften misst. @de
example: Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate.

separating
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: manufacturing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: cut function
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: cut function
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
label: Trennen @de
definition: A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt. @de
example: Disassembling, Removal
abbreviation: Cutting

shear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schubprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Schubkraft und Messung der Verformung. @de

shear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Schubprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Scherkräfte misst und seine Scherfestigkeit und seinen Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads.

simulation method specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

simulation device
type: Class
subclass of: computing device
label: Simulationsknoten @de
definition: A computing device that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters.

simulation process
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
label: Simulationsprozess @de
definition: A computing process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
definition: Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert @de

sintering
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/sintern/
label: Sintern @de
definition: A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, bei dem körnige und pulverförmige Stoffe, welche im ersten Schritt bereits in Form gebracht wurden, vermischt und durch Erwärmung verbunden und verdichtet werden. @de
example: Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering

sizing saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
label: Formatkreissäge @de
definition: A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production.
definition: Eine Formatkreissäge ist eine industrielle Kreissäge, die für große Schnittformate in der Holzverarbeitung und Möbelherstellung ausgelegt ist. @de

slide
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schlitten @de
definition: A moving device that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects.
definition: Eine bewegliche Vorrichtung (Gerät), die von einem Teil entlang ihrer Bahn geführt wird und die Halterung für Objekte bildet. @de

soldering device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Lötgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen und Auftragen eines Füllmetalls. @de

soldering function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Lötfunktion @de
definition: A soldering function is a joining function that is realized in connecting materials using solder.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

spalling testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Abplatzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Materialien gegenüber Abplatzungen oder Abblätterungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. @de

spalling testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Abplatzprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Oberflächenabplatzungen oder Abblättern unter hohen Stoß- oder thermischen Belastungen bewertet. @de
example: Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions.

specific surface area
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality embodying the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
isInMinimalProfile: true

spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Spektrometer @de
definition: A spectrometer is a measuring device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material.
definition: Ein Spektrometer ist ein Messgerät, das die Eigenschaften von Licht über einen bestimmten Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums misst, typischerweise zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung eines Materials. @de

spectroscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: composition
label: Spektroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit Materie misst, um die Zusammensetzung, Struktur und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zu bestimmen. @de

spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
disjoint with: time series
definition: A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

speed of sound
type: Class
subclass of: acoustic property
definition: The speed of sound is an acoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: deformation
disjoint with: strength
definition: The stiffness is a material property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stimulating process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: disposition
        union of: material property
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: characteristic of
        some values from: portion of matter
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: disposition
      union of: material property
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: characteristic of
      some values from: portion of matter
definition: The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stochastic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: A simulation method specification that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

strength
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The strength is a material property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural and chemical decay
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: functional material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: mechanical function
editor note: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A structural material S is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural optimization simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Strukturoptimierungssimulation @de
definition: A simulation process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der darauf abzielt, die stabilste Struktur eines molekularen Systems durch Minimierung seiner Energie zu finden. @de
example: Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance.

structural property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die äußere und innere Struktur und Morphologie von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich der Anordnung von Atomen, Kristallen, Körnern und Phasen, oft unter Verwendung von Techniken wie Mikroskopie und Beugung. @de

subject of adjustment role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Einstellungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: A device role that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Einstellungsgegenstand), das eingestellt wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

subject of calibration role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: A device role that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

sublimation point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The sublimation point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition from the solid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

supercritical fluid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Überkritische Fluidchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das ein überkritisches Fluid als mobile Phase verwendet, um Komponenten zu trennen, und im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden eine höhere Geschwindigkeit und Effizienz bietet. @de
example: Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics.

supercritical fluid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Überkritisches Fluid-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen unter Verwendung überkritischer Flüssigkeiten als mobile Phase in der Chromatographie. @de

supervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
definition: A machine learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der eine Funktion erlernt, die Eingabedaten auf beschriftete Ausgabedaten abbildet. @de
example: Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model.

surface layer (fiat object part)
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
definition: A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
example: When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

surface profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Oberflächenprofilometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Oberflächenprofils und der Textur von Materialien. @de

temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
comment: The concept refers to an absolute temperature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
comment: To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
definition: The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
isInMinimalProfile: true

temperature change device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Temperaturänderungswerkzeug @de
definition: A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt allgemein jedes Werkzeug, das zur Änderung und Einstellung der Temperatur eines materiellen Objekts oder der Umgebung verwendet wird, z. B. einen Ofen und Kühlmittel. @de

temperature change function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Temperaturänderungsfunktion @de
definition: A function in heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

temperature measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Temperaturmessfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
definition: Eine Messefunktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

temporal property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tensile testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Zugprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Dehnkraft. @de

tensile testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Zugprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Zugkräfte bestimmt und seine Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und seinen Elastizitätsmodul misst. @de
example: Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications

test piece role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor note: ANMERKUNG: Ein Test Piece ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Specimens, welches die Bedingungen erfüllt, die durch ein anzuwendendes Prüfverfahren gestellt werden. Ein Specimen erfüllt diese Anforderungen im Allgemeinen erst nach weiterer Bearbeitung. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
editor note: In certain cases, the test piece can be the sample or the specimen itself.
editor note: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe dienen. @de
editor note: NOTE: A Test Piece is a piece that is taken from a specimen (potentially the whole specimen), which fulfills the requirements, that are set by the test procedure in which the test piece is about to be used. A specimen fulfills this requierements generally speaking only after further treatment/processing. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
definition source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Proben-Rolle @de
definition: Role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test
definition: Rolle eines Objekts, welches eine Probe ist, die aus einem Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde; die Probe hat festgelegte Dimensionen, kann maschinell bearbeitet sein, wurde in einen für die Verwendung in einem Prüfverfahren notwendigen Zustand gebracht @de

testing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Testfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

textile joining
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Keine offizielle Definition in DIN @de
definition source: No official definition in DIN
label: Textiles Fügen @de
definition: A joining process that involves connecting textile materials.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem textile Materialien miteinander verbunden werden. @de
example: Sewing, Stapling

thermal conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
definition: The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal conductivity measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessverfahren @de
definition: A thermal property analyzing process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials misst und dessen Fähigkeit bestimmt, Wärme zu leiten. @de
example: Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation.
abbreviation: TCMP

thermal conductivity measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion @de
definition: A measuring function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: heat flow
definition: A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: thermal property
label: Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes.
definition: Eine Analyse, die das thermische Verhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnung und Phasenübergängen in Reaktion auf Temperaturänderungen. @de

thermocouple
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Thermocouple.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Thermoelement @de
definition: A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Temperaturmessung, bei dem ein Paar Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Metallen (z. B. Kupfer und Eisen) verbunden und die freien Enden der Drähte mit einem Instrument (z. B. einem Voltmeter) verbunden werden, das die an der Verbindungsstelle erzeugte der beiden Metalle Potentialdifferenz misst . @de

thermocycler
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
label: Thermocycler @de
definition: A thermocycler is a temperature change device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
definition: Ein Thermocycler ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das die Temperatur einer Probe in Zyklen schnell ändert, oft verwendet in der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). @de

thermogravimetric analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Thermogravimetrische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A thermal property analyzing process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Massenänderung eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur oder Zeit in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre misst und dessen thermische Stabilität und Zusammensetzung bestimmt. @de
example: Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures.
abbreviation: TGA

thermomechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Thermomechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A thermomechanical property analyzing process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion.
definition: Ein Thermoanalytisches Verfahren, das die Maßänderungen eines Materials als Funktion der Temperatur misst und seinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestimmt. @de
example: Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions.
abbreviation: TMA

thermomechanical treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Thermomechanisches Behandeln @de
definition: A changing properties of material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die gleichzeitige Anwendung von Wärme und mechanischen Spannungen beinhaltet. Die thermomechanische Behandlung wird eingesetzt, um die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu verändern und zu verbessern. @de
example: Hot Isostatic Pressing

thin-layer chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Dünnschichtchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A chromatography process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das nichtflüchtige Gemische trennt, indem eine Probe auf eine dünne Schicht eines Adsorptionsmaterials aufgetragen und ein Lösungsmittel verwendet wird, um die Komponenten basierend auf ihren Affinitäten entlang der Schicht zu bewegen. @de
example: Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components.

thin layer chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem @de
definition: A chromatography system used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate.
definition: Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung von Verbindungen in einer Probe unter Verwendung einer dünnen Schicht adsorbierenden Materials auf einer Platte. @de

3d printer
type: Class
subclass of: additive manufacturing device
label: 3D-Drucker @de
definition: A 3D Printer is an additive manufacturing device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model.
definition: Ein 3D-Drucker ist ein Gerät für die additive Fertigung, das dreidimensionale Objekte durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus einem digitalen Modell erzeugt. @de

time series
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
definition: A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
isInMinimalProfile: true

torsion testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Torsionsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Widerstands von Materialien gegenüber Drehkräften durch Anwendung eines Drehmoments und Messung der resultierenden Verformung. @de

torsion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Torsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials bei Torsionskräften bewertet und seine Torsionsfestigkeit und Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads.

triple point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: a state of matter boundary (point) realized by transition from the solid state to the liquid state or the the gaseous state (or vice versa).
isInMinimalProfile: true

ultrasonic cleaner
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning device
label: Ultraschallreiniger @de
definition: A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items.
definition: An Ultrasonic Cleaner is a Cleaning Device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a cleaning solvent to remove contaminants from delicate or complex items.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Ultraschall und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um empfindliche oder komplexe Gegenstände zu reinigen. @de
definition: Ein Ultraschallreiniger ist ein Reinigungsgerät, das Hochfrequenzschallwellen und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um Verunreinigungen von empfindlichen oder komplexen Gegenständen zu entfernen. @de

ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Ultraviolett-Visible-Spektrophotometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Absorption einer Probe im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums. @de

unsupervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
definition: A machine learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der Muster und Zusammenhänge in Daten identifiziert, ohne beschriftete Ergebnisse zu verwenden. @de
example: Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties.

viscometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Viskosimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten, das Informationen über ihre Fließeigenschaften liefert. @de

viscometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
label: Viskosimetrie @de
definition: A rheological property analyzing process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers.
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit misst, also deren Widerstand gegen allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung, unter Verwendung von Viskosimetern oder Rheometern. @de

water purification system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Wasseraufbereitungssystem @de
definition: A water purification system is a device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water.
definition: Ein Wasseraufbereitungssystem ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Verunreinigungen aus Wasser zu entfernen, um sauberes und sicheres Trinkwasser herzustellen. @de

waterjet cutter
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
label: Wasserstrahlschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Hochdruckwasserstrahl oder einen Wasserstrahl mit abrasiven Partikeln verwendet, um Materialien wie Metall, Stein, Kunststoff usw. zu schneiden. @de

absorption of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: absorption of radiation
definition: process of taking up elctromagnetic radiation by a material entity

wear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Verschleißprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Verschleißfestigkeit von Materialien durch Aussetzen dieser Bedingungen unter Abrasivbedingungen. @de

wear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Verschleißprüfverfahren @de
definition: A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahrenn, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verschleiß und Abrieb bewertet und reale Reibungsbedingungen simuliert. @de
example: Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions.

welding device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schweißgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen, üblicherweise unter Zugabe eines Füllmaterials. @de

welding function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Schweißfunktion @de
definition: A welding function is a joining function that is realized in fusing materials by welding.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

x-ray analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Röntgen Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A structural property analyzing process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um die innere Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen, indem die Wechselwirkung der Röntgenstrahlen mit der Probe gemessen wird. @de

x-ray computed tomography
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: size
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: shape
label: Röntgen-Computertomographie @de
definition: A X-ray analyzing process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um detaillierte Querschnittsbilder eines Objekts zu erstellen. @de
example: For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement.
abbreviation: CT

x-ray diffraction process
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystal structure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: crystallographic texture
label: Beugungsprozess @de
definition: An X-ray analyzing process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit der kristallinen Struktur eines Materials umfasst. @de
example: XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement.
abbreviation: XRD

x-ray mapping
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Röntgen-Mapping @de
definition: An X-ray analyzing process, that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das eine räumliche Verteilungskarte der Elemente innerhalb einer Probe erstellt, indem die Probe mit einem Elektronen- oder Röntgenstrahl abgetastet und die emittierten Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden, wodurch detaillierte Zusammensetzungsinformationen über die Oberfläche der Probe geliefert werden. @de
example: An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

x-ray microanalysis
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: chemical composition
label: Röntgen-Mikroanalyse @de
definition: An X-ray analyzing process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die elementare Zusammensetzung und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Probe bestimmt, indem die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen detektiert und analysiert werden, die von der Probe emittiert werden, wenn sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl bestrahlt wird. @de
example: An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.

x-ray spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Röntgenspektroskopie @de
definition: A spectroscopy process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit Materie analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung und Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy.

x-ray diffractometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenbeugungsgerät @de
definition: An X-Ray diffractometer is a measuring device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample.
definition: Ein Röntgenbeugungsgerät ist ein Messgerät, das die Kristallstruktur von Materialien durch Analyse der Beugungsmuster von durch eine Probe geleiteten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmt. @de

x-ray analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenanalysator @de
definition: A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien durch Röntgenverfahren wie Beugung oder Fluoreszenz. @de

x-ray computed tomography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgen-Computertomographiesystem @de
definition: A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Röntgen-Computertomographietechniken verwendet, um Querschnittsbilder eines Materials zu erstellen. @de

x-ray mapping device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenkartierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques.
definition: Ein Gerät, das zur Kartierung der räumlichen Verteilung von Elementen oder Verbindungen innerhalb eines Materials mithilfe von Röntgenfluoreszenz- oder -beugungstechniken verwendet wird. @de

x-ray microanalysis system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenmikroanalyssystem @de
definition: A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mikroanalyse von Materialien unter Verwendung von Röntgentechniken zur Bestimmung der Elementzusammensetzung auf mikroskopischer Ebene. @de

assay
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
example of usage: Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
definition: A planned process that aims to obtain information about a material entity (the subject of the assessment) by examining it.
alternative term: measuring
alternative term: scientific observation
imported from: assay
label: Analyse @de
definition: Ein geplanter Prozess, der das Ziel hat, Informationen über eine materielle Einheit (den Bewertungsgegenstand) zu gewinnen, indem er diese untersucht. @de

angle
type: Class
subclass of: geometric relational quality
definition: A property that represents the measure of rotation or inclination between two intersecting lines or planes, independent of the size of the object.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A quantitative indication of the doubt about a measurement result, expressing the range within which the true value is expected to lie.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

calibration process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
definition: A process of comparing measurement values delivered by an instrument or system with known reference standards to ensure accuracy and traceability.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

expriment designing process
type: Class
subclass of: completely executed planned process
definition: A planned process of planning and structuring experimental methods, conditions, and variables to reliably test hypotheses or obtain data.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

test piece preparation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition source: https://www.britannica.com/science/sample-preparation
definition: A planned processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

date value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
definition: A datum that represents a date or time interval associated with another specification.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

depth
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: The distance from a reference surface or point to a specific point or feature along a perpendicular or defined direction.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

diagonal
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: A straight line connecting two non-adjacent corners or vertices of a polygon.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/278

cutting device
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
definition: A device designed to cut, slice, divide, or sever objects.

hand held device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: hand holdable disposition
definition: A device that has the disposition to be grasped and operated by a human hand and is designed for manual use.

corrosion resistant
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: a disposition to withstand corrosive attack to a certain extend

carbon steel
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of carbon
definition: ferrous metal that has a limited amout of carbon

cast iron
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous metal
definition: ferrous metal that has an amout of min 2.07 wt % carbon

stainless steel
type: Class
subclass of: steel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: corrosion resistant
definition: steel that contains chromium, making it resistant to corrosion (rust).

tool steel
type: Class
subclass of: steel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: hardenable
definition: steel with tailored mechanical properties

alloy steel
type: Class
subclass of: steel
definition: steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight, typically to improve its mechanical properties

chromium steel
type: Class
subclass of: steel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of chromium
definition: steels containing chromium as an intentional alloying element, characterized by mechanical strength and hardness suitable for engineering applications such as bearings, tools, drills, and utensils, but lacking the corrosion resistance required to qualify as stainless steel

non-ferrous metal
type: Class
subclass of: metal
definition: metals or alloys that do not contain iron (allotropes of iron, ferrite, and so on) in appreciable amounts.

zinc alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of zinc
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of zinc combined with other elements

hardenable
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: a disposition to gain a greatly increased hardness at the surface or entire volume by the process of hardening

precious metal
type: Class
subclass of: metal
definition: metal that is rare, naturally occurring, and have high economic value due to their resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and chemical reaction

gold metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of gold
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of gold

silver metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silver
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of silver

platinum metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of platinum
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of platinum

palladium metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of palladium
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of palladium

rhodium metal
type: Class
subclass of: precious metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of rhodium
definition: precious metal consisting primarily of rhodium

portion of rhodium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: rhodium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhodium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of rhodium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhodium atom.

portion of tellurium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tellurium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tellurium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of tellurium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tellurium atom.

containing magnetic species
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: A material property that inheres in a material entity in virtue of the presence of one or more magnetic species (e.g. ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic particles or atoms), and that manifests under appropriate conditions as the ability of that material entity to exhibit a magnetic response or influence in a magnetic field.

bioactive
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition that inheres in a material entity and is realized in an organismal context as a specific interaction with one or more biological systems, producing a measurable biological effect (e.g., therapeutic, toxic, or signaling outcome).

bioinert
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: a disposition to elicit minimal or no biological response when in contact with tissue or implanted
example: non-toxic and non-immunogenic, with little or no bonding or integration with the body.

bioresorbable
type: Class
subclass of: biocompatible
comment: being absorbed or excreted as it performs its function, often eliminating the need for removal.
definition: biocompatibe and degrading and being resorbed by the body over time

organic composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: A composition characterized by a primary molecular structure of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen (C-H bonds), typically forming linear, branched, or networked chains.

inorganic composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: material composition based on chemical elements other than those defining organic compounds, typically characterized by ionic or metallic bonding and the absence of a carbon-hydrogen ($C-H$) framework

specific strength
type: Class
subclass of: quality
comment: SI unit for specific strength is Pa⋅m3/kg, or N⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m2/s2, In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength
definition: Specific strength is a quality that inheres in a material entity and is defined as the ratio of its tensile strength to its density.

polymerization
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The chemical process of reacting monomers, oligomers, or reactive precursors together to form longer macromolecular chains or three-dimensional networks

curing
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains.

biomedical material
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: medical application role
alternative label: biomaterial
comment: related to the use of a material. it is part of objects which participates some medical processes
definition: A non-living material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body.

elemental semiconductor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: semiconductor
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on class: Class
      intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has disposition
        some values from: semiconductivity
subclass of: semiconductor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has disposition
      some values from: semiconductivity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: portion of pure chemical element
comment: Primarily includes group 14 elements like Silicon, Carbon, Germanium, Tin but also Selenium (group 16) and Boron (group 13).
definition: semiconductor that shows semiconductive behavior as a pure element
example: Silicon, Carbon, Germanium, alpha-Tin

compound semiconductor
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: semiconductor
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: portion of pure chemical element
subclass of: semiconductor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: portion of pure chemical element
alternative label: alloy semiconductor
definition: semiconductor which is composed of two or more pure elements
example: boron nitride (BN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), indium gallium nitride (InGaN)

organic semiconductor
type: Class
subclass of: semiconductor
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has quality
      some values from: organic composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: organic composition
definition: semiconductor which consists of organic (carbon based) molecules or polymer

hybrid semiconductor
type: Class
subclass of: semiconductor
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: organic semiconductor
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Class
      union of: elemental semiconductor
      union of: compound semiconductor
definition: semiconductor which consists of organic semiconductors and non-organic semiconductors

medical application role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: a role realized through the intentional interface with a biological system for the purpose of evaluating, treating, augmenting, or replacing any tissue, organ, or function of the body

magnesia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of magnesium
definition: oxide ceramic consisting primarily of magnesium oxide

silicide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silicon
definition: non-oxide ceramic consisting of a silicon and another element

cermet
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: metal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
alternative label: ceramic-metal composite
definition: metal matrix composite material consisting of a ceramic phase (typically carbides or nitrides) bonded with a continuous metallic phase

phase (thermodynamic)
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
definition: A thermodynamic phase is a material entity that forms a homogeneous portion of matter within a thermodynamic system and is characterized by uniform thermodynamic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

filler role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Filler is the role of a 'PortionOfDisconnectedMatter' that implies being hosted in a matrix.
isInMinimalProfile: true

precipitate role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Precipitate is the role of a portion of matter that implies being hosted in a matrix and the Precipitate derives from the matrix or the Precipitate derives from the thing that the matrix derives from.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crystal
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: crystal structure
definition: A crystal is an object that has a quality "crystal structure".
isInMinimalProfile: true

composition data item
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: data item
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: fraction value specification
editor note: See editior note of composition to underatand the difference between composition and chemical composition data items. To understand the difference between the composition and the composition data item, one has to understand the difference between SDCs and GDCs in BFO. A triple "material entity has quality compsition", conveys the fact such quality exists without telling us what are fractions of compounds in this material entity. A triple "compostion is subject of composition data item" conveys that there's an information about values of these fractions. Think of comosition data item as a pdf where the composition is documented.
comment: These portions of other matters do not have to be portions of specific chemical elements, i.e., atomic composition, but rather portions of other substances, such as nitric acid and water.
alternative label: composition specification
definition: Composition data item is an information content entity that is about composition of a material enity. It has members fraction value specifications which specifiy values of propotions of compounds, which are parts of the material enity.
example: Nitric acid solution has quality composition, and the composition data item is about this composition.The composition data item has members fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications specify values of relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water.
isInMinimalProfile: true

porosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: itensive quality embodiying the fraction of the materials (enclosing) spatial region occupied by pores.
isInMinimalProfile: true

corrosion
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: changes quality
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: chemical composition
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
comment: Corrosion is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
definition: corrosion is a slow chemical or electrochemical degradation process of a material entity due to its interaction with the surrounding environment.

metallic grain structures
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bainite
  one of: austenite
  one of: ferrite
  one of: ledeburite
  one of: pearlite
  one of: widmanstatten structure
  one of: martensite
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: The metallic grain structures is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the metallic grain structure quality. It describes the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hydrogen bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition: A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
example: The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxygen end.
isInMinimalProfile: true

obstacle role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: An obstacle role is a role of an independent continuant C that is realized in a motion process and indictes that C hinders the motion of a participant in the process.
example: A precipitate or grain boundary may hinder the motion of a dislocation.

portion of iron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iron atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
definition: A 'portion of iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.

portion of indium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: indium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of indium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.

portion of chromium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: chromium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of chromium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.

portion of carbon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of carbon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.

portion of germanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: germanium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of germanium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.

portion of tungsten
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tungsten
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
definition: A 'portion of tungsten' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.

portion of erbium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: erbium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of erbium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.

portion of molybdenum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: molybdenum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
definition: A 'portion of molybdenum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.

portion of niobium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: niobium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of niobium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.

portion of rhenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: rhenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of rhenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.

portion of lithium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lithium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of lithium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.

portion of nitrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: nitrogen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
definition: A 'portion of nitrogen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.

portion of cobalt
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cobalt atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
definition: A 'portion of cobalt' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.

portion of gold
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: gold atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
definition: A 'portion of gold' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.

portion of argon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: argon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of argon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.

portion of cadmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cadmium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of cadmium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.

portion of barium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: barium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of barium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.

portion of tantalum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tantalum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
definition: A 'portion of tantalum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.

portion of antimony
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: antimony atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
definition: A 'portion of antimony' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.

portion of potassium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: potassium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of potassium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.

portion of phosphorus
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: phosphorus atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
definition: A 'portion of phosphorus' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.

portion of boron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: boron atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
definition: A 'portion of boron' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.

portion of helium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: helium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of helium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.

portion of silicon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: semiconductivity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: silicon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
subclass of: semiconductor
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of silicon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.

portion of nickel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: nickel atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
definition: A 'portion of nickel' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.

portion of yttrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: yttrium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of yttrium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.

portion of zirconium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: zirconium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of zirconium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.

portion of copper
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: copper atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
definition: A 'portion of copper' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.

portion of bohrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bohrium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of bohrium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.

portion of fluorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: fluorine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
definition: A 'portion of fluorine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.

portion of platinum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: platinum
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
definition: A 'portion of platinum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.

portion of cerium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cerium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of cerium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.

portion of sulfur
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: sulfur atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
definition: A 'portion of sulfur' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.

portion of lead
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lead atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
definition: A 'portion of lead' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.

portion of krypton
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: krypton atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
definition: A 'portion of krypton' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.

portion of bismuth
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bismuth atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
definition: A 'portion of bismuth' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.

portion of neon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: neon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of neon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.

portion of thallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: thallium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of thallium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.

portion of selenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: selenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of selenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.

portion of ruthenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: ruthenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of ruthenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.

portion of magnesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: magnesium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of magnesium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.

portion of zinc
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: zinc atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
definition: A 'portion of zinc' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.

portion of mercury
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: mercury atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
definition: A 'portion of mercury' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.

portion of xenon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: xenon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
definition: A 'portion of xenon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.

portion of aluminium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: aluminium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of aluminium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.

portion of sodium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: sodium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of sodium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.

portion of iodine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iodine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
definition: A 'portion of iodine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.

portion of caesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: caesium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of caesium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.

portion of chlorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: chlorine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
definition: A 'portion of chlorine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.

portion of silver
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: silver atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
definition: A 'portion of silver' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.

portion of samarium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: samarium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of samarium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.

portion of manganese
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: manganese atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
definition: A 'portion of manganese' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.

portion of arsenic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: arsenic atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
definition: A 'portion of arsenic' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.

portion of beryllium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: beryllium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of beryllium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.

portion of calcium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: calcium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of calcium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.

portion of neodymium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: neodymium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of neodymium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.

portion of hydrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: hydrogen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
definition: A 'portion of hydrogen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.

portion of osmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: osmium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of osmium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.

portion of iridium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iridium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of iridium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.

portion of gallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: gallium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of gallium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.

portion of bromine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bromine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
definition: A 'portion of bromine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.

portion of tin
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tin atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
definition: A 'portion of tin' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.

portion of hafnium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: hafnium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of hafnium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.

portion of uranium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: uranium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of uranium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.

portion of oxygen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: oxygen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
definition: A 'portion of oxygen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.

portion of palladium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: palladium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of palladium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.

portion of vanadium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: vanadium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of vanadium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.

portion of scandium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: scandium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of scandium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.

portion of titanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: titanium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
definition: A 'portion of titanium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.

steel
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous metal
definition: ferrous metal that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities)

nature constant
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
definition: A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, maginitude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
example: Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, etc.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice (3D)
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bravais lattice triclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice cubic face-centered
subclass of: categorical value specification
comment: TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
definition: The bravais lattice is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the crystal structure quality. It describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements.
isInMinimalProfile: true

proportion
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
disjoint with: bond
alternative label: concentration
alternative label: fraction
definition: A proportion is a relational quality between two entities (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: Mass proportion is a proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
isInMinimalProfile: true

molar proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
alternative label: Molar Ratio
definition: Molar proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entities count of the whole.
example: The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxygen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
isInMinimalProfile: true

volume proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: Volume proportion is a proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
isInMinimalProfile: true

geogenic mineral
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mineral
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: geological process
subclass of: mineral
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: geological process
definition: material that is formed through geological processes
example: such as Quartz (Silicates) or calcite (Carbonate) or Feldspar (Aluminosilicate)

polycrystal
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: crystallite
alternative label: Polycrystalline structure
definition: A polycrystal is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of multiple crystal grains joined through crystallographic interfaces.
isInMinimalProfile: true

grain size distribution
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fluid (object)
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: Fluid (object) is an object that consists of some portion of matter which bears an aggregate state that concretizes a liquid or gaseous aggregate state.

medium role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Medium role is a role beared by an object which implies that the object serves as an intermediary for the transmission of something else, like energy, force, or information.
example: Air in the air cooling process, N2 atmosphere in a furnace cooling process, oil in a quenching process, crystal lattice in a solid state diffusion

aerosol
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gaseous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: aggregate state solid
  one of: aggregate state liquid
  one of: aggregate state gaseous
  one of: aggregate state plasma
  one of: aggregate state atom gas
  one of: aggregate state supercritical fluid
  one of: aggregate state mesomorphic
  one of: aggregate state suprafluid
  one of: aggregate state suprasolid
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: The aggregate state value is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the aggregate state quality.
isInMinimalProfile: true

foam
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition source: old defintion: A foam is a material entity aggregate that is also a composite material c. The parts of c that have the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that have the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its surrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending on the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
definition: A foam is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of a solid or liquid matrix containing gas-filled or vacuum-filled pores forming cellular structures.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermodynamic system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reversible process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

driving force of phase in system
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: Driving force of phase in a system is a relational quality that inheres between two material entities, the species and the material (system). The driving force is a factor that promotes a physical process or (eletro-)chemical reaction in a material (system) to occur and proceed towards completion. It can be quantified as the gradient of the activity of the participating species.
example: For α → β: ΔG = G_β − G_α. If ΔG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = −ΔG > 0
isInMinimalProfile: true

intensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
subclass of: Restriction
disjoint with: extensive quality
alternative label: Point property
definition: An intensive quality is a quality that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

Axiom
annotated source: intensive quality
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
comment: Due to the duality of object and portion of matter this axiom can not be an equivalent class axiom.

size
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: an extensive quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
comment: Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
definition: Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stimulus role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent.

stimulation target role
type: Class
subclass of: test piece role
definition: See 'Stimulus role'

phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different.
definition: A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
disjoint with: metastable phase
comment: See metastable phase
definition: A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates.
example: A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase.
isInMinimalProfile: true

lot
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same production process.

melt
type: Class
subclass of: fluid (object)
label: Schmelze @de
definition: is a fluid (object) with a disposition to realize a blank role in a manufacturing process
example: molten PLA in a 3D printing process

portion of pure chemical element
type: Class
subclass of: pure substance
definition: A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind.

fatigue (reaction to repetitive loading)
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: Fatigue is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
definition: fatigue is a process that affects an material entities integrity by nucleation and growing cracks.

energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: OEO_00000150
definition: an extensive quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
isInMinimalProfile: true

process chain
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process chain is a process that 'has continuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.

product (chemical reaction)
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction.

educt
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction

catalyst
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction.

eutectoid phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusion‑controlled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ → α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels).
definition: A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

extensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: An extensive quality is a quality that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metastable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
comment: The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process.
definition: A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans.
isInMinimalProfile: true

volume
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: Volume is a three dimensional size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

internal energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
disjoint with: interatomic interaction energy
definition: Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
isInMinimalProfile: true

component
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system.

technical system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: function
definition: A technical system is an object aggregate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that has some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components.

precipitation (phase)
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It proceeds by nucleation and growth.
definition: Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a solute‑depleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

interatomic interaction energy
type: Class
subclass of: energy
definition: Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
isInMinimalProfile: true

peritectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusion‑controlled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification.
definition: A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α → β).
isInMinimalProfile: true

spinodal decomposition
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelength‑selective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time.
definition: Spinodal decomposition is a diffusion‑controlled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solution spontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations.
isInMinimalProfile: true

parent phase role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: daughter phase role
definition: The parent phase role is the role of a phase that dissolves during the phase transformation process. As such, the bearer is a metastable phase.

daughter phase role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The daughter phase role is the role of a phase that forms during the phase transformation process.

microconstituent (phase mixture)
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases.
definition: A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts.
example: Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases. Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics.
isInMinimalProfile: true

activity (thermodynamic)
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition source: old defintion: Activity (a_X) is a relational property between a chemical species X and a non-ideal solution. a_X is a measure of the effective concentration of a chemical species X in the non-ideal solution, accounting for interactions between particles. It is defined as the product of the concentration and an activity coefficient, where the activity coefficient corrects for non-ideal behavior.
definition: Thermodynamic activity is a relational quality that inheres between a chemical species and a non-ideal solution and represents the effective concentration of the species accounting for particle interactions.

activation energy
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: Activation energy (E_a) a process attribute characterizing the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, allowing educts to overcome an energy barrier to transform into products.
isInMinimalProfile: true

eutectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

state of matter boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A state of matter boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one aggregate state to another aggregate state.
isInMinimalProfile: true

disposition of a phase to transform
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
comment: The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question.
definition: The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

heat (metallurgy)
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: melt
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: blank role
definition: A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some manufacturing process.

structural boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: Structural phase boundary is a phase boundary that is realized in the transition from one structure to another structure.
example: ɑ-Ɣ transformation in iron at 910 °C

magnetic boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A magnetic boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one magnetic ordering to another magnetic ordering.

mixture boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A mixture boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one phase to another phase in a system involving also chemical variations.

ingot
type: Class
subclass of: object
comment: The ingot may be hot rolled after casting...
label: Bramme @de
definition: An ingot is an object that has a thick section and may bear a semi finished product role and that is the specified output of a casting process. At the same time it is a material.

phase boundary (spatial)
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
editor note: Should it have exactly two phases as member parts?
definition: A fiat surface separating one phase from another phase.
example: The phase boundary between liquid and the gaseous phase in a tank. The phase boundary between Fe3C and Fe of a pearlite lamellae.

sheet
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A plate is a thin rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.

billet
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A billet is a relatively compact object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.

foil
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A plate is a very thin rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

coil (coiled sheet)
type: Class
subclass of: object
comment: Coils may have several sheets that are joined together.
definition: A coil is an object that has part some sheets or foils. At the same time it may be a material.

plate
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A plate is a thick rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

bar
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A bar is a long object with rectangular section that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

rod
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A rod is a long object with oval or round section that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

wire (semi finished product)
type: Class
subclass of: object
comment: This class does not include cables or other compound structures.
definition: A wire is a long and somewhat flexible object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.

tube
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A tube is a long object with a hollow section and moderate wall thickness that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

pipe
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A tube is a long object with a hollow section and pronounced wall thickness that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

profile (semi finished product)
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A profile is a long object with determined section shape that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.

stretch straightener machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Recker @de
definition: A strech straightener machine is a forming machine that is used in a "forming under tensile conditions" process.

rolling mill
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Walzwerk @de
definition: A rolling mill is a device that has part some rolling stand and whose specified input participates in some forming process.

rolling stand
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A rolling stand is a device that is part of a rolling mill, has some work rolls and participates in a rolling pass.
definition: Ein Walzstock ist ein Teil eines Walzwerks, hat als Teil Arbeitswalzen und nimmt Teil an einen Walzstich. @de

aluminium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of aluminium
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of aluminium mixed with other elements

copper alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of copper
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of copper combined with other elements

nickel alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of nickel
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of nickel combined with other elements

titanium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: non-ferrous metal
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of titanium
definition: non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of titanium combined with other elements

metallographic section (surface)
type: Class
subclass of: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: A surface layer (fiat object part) of an object which at the same time is a metal and the object is specified output of a planned process which describes the preparation of the surface.

metallographic section (embedded sample)
type: Class
subclass of: object
comment: Typical dimensions of the round mountings are a diameter of 20-50 mm and a thickness of 10-20 mm.
definition: A metallographic section (embedded sample) is an object that has two parts: a metallic object that has a metallographic section (surface) as part and the mounting which is produced during a hot embedding or cold embedding process.

macrosection (metallography)
type: Class
subclass of: metallographic section (surface)
definition: A macrosection (metallography) is a metallographic section (surface) that is produced directly on an object. The object may be cut in order to make accessible a section (fiat surface) of interest.

tensile testpiece
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A tensile testpiece is a longitudinal object that has two parts which were designed for gripping (gripping section) at its ends and a part between the gripping sections that has been designed to observe the materials or the objects reaction to tensile loading.

diffusion
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: often used to describe mass transport from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration
definition: process by which material entities spread or move due to random thermal motion

crystallization
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: process by which a solid with long-range order forms

recrystallization
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: process in which a new, defect-free grain structure forms in a material from an existing deformed grain structure.

lattice point
type: Class
subclass of: fiat point
definition: A lattice point is a fiat point that represents a position in a crystal lattice at which structural entities are regularly arranged.

interstitial site
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: An interstitial site is a site that is located between regular lattice points in a crystal structure.

slip plane
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
definition: A slip plane is a fiat surface that corresponds to a crystallographic plane of a 3D crystal along which dislocations can glide

force
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition source: Old definition: Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerts the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
definition: A force is a realizable entity that consists of a reciprocal interaction between two objects and is realized as equal and opposite influences capable of changing motion or causing deformation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

section
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
definition: Section is a planar fiat surface cutting across the object

crack
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A crack is a site that consists of a physical separation within a material entity occurring at the level of atomic bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

notch
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A notch is a site that consists of a geometric surface feature of an object characterized by a strong local change in shape or cross-section.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pore
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A pore is a site that consists of a cavity located within the bulk of a material entity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

defect role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
example: A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
isInMinimalProfile: true

unit cell (3D crystal)
type: Class
subclass of: three-dimensional spatial region
definition: A unit cell (3D crystal) is a three-dimensional spatial region that represents the smallest repeating region whose spatial translation reproduces a crystal lattice.

amount of substance
type: Class
subclass of: molar proportion
definition: Amount of substance n is a molar proportion when the whole is an object aggregate N, which has avogadro number objects (of same type) as parts (n = N/N_A).

slip direction
type: Class
subclass of: fiat line
definition: A slip direction is a fiat line that corresponds to the crystallographic direction along which dislocations glide os a slip plane.

slip system (3D)
type: Class
subclass of: categorical value specification
editor note: TODO: Indiviuals for the possible values need to be created, similar to the values of the Bravais lattice value individuals.
comment: Is determined by the Bravais lattice.
definition: specifies the value of the crystal slip plane together with the slip direction.

elemental crystal
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has member
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: portion of pure chemical element
subclass of: crystal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: portion of pure chemical element
definition: a crystal that consists of exactly one atomic species

allotropy of an elemental crystal
type: Class
subclass of: polymorphism of crystal
editor note: different structures of a crystal could be linked by a relational property 'allotrope of'
definition: a disposition of an elemental crystal to change its crystal structure

polymorphism of crystal
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
comment: stable structure depends on pressure and temperature
definition: disposition of a crystal to change its crystal structure

grain boundary
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: crystal
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has relational quality
      some values from: angle of misalignment (crystallography)
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  qualified cardinality: 2
  on class: Class
    intersection of: crystal
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has relational quality
      some values from: angle of misalignment (crystallography)
definition: A grain boundary is a fiat surface that separates adjacent grains in a polycrystalline material and is characterized by structural discontinuity.
definition: the part of a grain that is close to the grain boundary and possibly characterized by disorder is a fiat object part (grain surface layer)

diffraction
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process of interference of waves which, scattered by a material’s periodic features, produce characteristic patterns

wave
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: may propagate through a medium or vacuum characterized by frequency, wavelength, and speed
definition: is a process of a propagating of disturbance that transports energy and momentum

order scale value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: short range order
  one of: medium range order
  one of: long range order
  one of: no range order
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: possible values of characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material

order scale
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: order scale value
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: order scale value
definition: characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material

self-diffusion in crystaline solid
type: Class
subclass of: diffusion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: crystal
definition: diffusion of entites of a single type in a crystal that consists of entites of this same type

inter-diffusion in crystalline solid
type: Class
subclass of: diffusion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: crystal
definition: diffusion of entites of some type in a crystal that consists mostly of entites of a different type

vacancy diffusion
type: Class
subclass of: diffusion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: vacancy (crystal)
definition: diffusion process in which crystal forming entities move from lattice points to vacant adjacent lattice points

vacancy (crystal)
type: Class
subclass of: site
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: topObjectProperty
  some values from: lattice point
editor note: TODO: replace topObjectProperty with occupies spatial region
definition: site at lattice point at which the crystal forming entity is missing

interstitial diffusion
type: Class
subclass of: diffusion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: located in
      some values from: interstitial site
definition: diffusion process in which material entities move from interstitial sites to adjacent interstitial sites

flow
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: process attribute of
  some values from: continous transport
definition: amount of transported entites per time

solute role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: solvent role
definition: role of an entity that is present in minor concentration in a solution

solvent role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: role of an entity that is present in major concentration in a solution

solution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: pure substance
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: solute role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on class: Class
      intersection of: pure substance
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: solvent role
subclass of: portion of matter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: solute role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: solvent role
definition: A portion of matter that is homogeneous, made up of at least two entity types, one playing the role of sovlent and the others playing the role of solute

solid solution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: solution
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: aggregate state
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: specified by value
        has value: aggregate state solid
subclass of: solution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: aggregate state
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: specified by value
      has value: aggregate state solid
definition: a solution with solid aggregate state

interstitital solid solution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: solid solution
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: pure substance
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: solute role
subclass of: solid solution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: entity
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: solute role
definition: a solid solution whose solute entities are located in the interstitial sites

substitutional solid solution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: solid solution
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: pure substance
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: solute role
subclass of: solid solution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: entity
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: solute role
editor note: TODO: replace topObjectProperty with bfo:occupies spatial region
definition: a solid solution whose solute entities occupy lattice points

dislocation
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: a linear site in a cystal that interrupts the cystal ordering

screw dislocation
type: Class
subclass of: dislocation
definition: a dislocation characterized by shearing the chrystal by one plane

edge dislocation
type: Class
subclass of: dislocation
definition: a dislocation characterized by adding one extra half plane into the crystal lattice

mixed dislocation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: screw dislocation
  intersection of: edge dislocation
subclass of: screw dislocation
subclass of: edge dislocation
definition: a dislocation that spans edge dislocation as well as screw dislocation

Burgers vector
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: dislocation
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: located in
      some values from: crystal
definition: quality of a dislocation in terms of amount and direction in a specific crystal type

high angle grain boundary
type: Class
subclass of: grain boundary
definition: a grain boundary whose adjacent crystalls have a high angle of misalignment

small angle grain boundary
type: Class
subclass of: grain boundary
definition: a grain boundary whose adjacent crystalls have a small angle of misalignment

twin boundary
type: Class
subclass of: grain boundary
definition: grain boundary without distorted lattice

angle of misalignment (crystallography)
type: Class
subclass of: angle
definition: smallest rotation angle needed to rotate one crystal orientation to coincide with the neighboring orientation

grain size
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: polycrystal
editor note: size values of indiviudal grains are properties of the respective objects
definition: an intensive quality epitomizing the average size of the grains of a polycrystal

flux
type: Class
subclass of: flow
definition: a flow of a unit-entity per unit time

transport
type: Class
subclass of: process
editor note: the moved entity is passive, locomotion would be the active counterpart
definition: is a process in which an entity being moved within or accross another entity

continous transport
type: Class
subclass of: transport
definition: recurring transport of multiple entities, such that the transported entities are not being discretized anymore
example: the flow of a liquid in a pipe, diffusion of a gas in different gas

dispersion
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
comment: dispersion in optical glass is a refraction dependent on wavelength
definition: Optical property describing the wavelength dependent phase velocity.

diffusion flux
type: Class
subclass of: flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: process attribute of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: diffusion
    intersection of: continous transport
definition: flux transported by diffusion

ceramic crystal
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has relational quality
      some values from: Class
        union of: covalent bond
        union of: ionic bond
definition: a crystal whose atomic entities have a ionic or a covalent bond

alloy crystal
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has relational quality
      some values from: metallic bond
definition: a crystal whose atomic entities have a metallic bond

biocompatible
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive
definition: bioactive without causing harmful or unacceptable biological responses (toxicity, inflammation, immune reaction) and performce of its intended function or integration with the tissue.

composition
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
editor note: There's a dfference between composition and chemical compositon for the following reason: chemical compositon is relevant when the mass/volume/mole proportions of chemical elements(!) are identified, whlist composition includes proportions of molecules, other pure chemical substances, or even proptions of objects (in an object aggregate).
definition: Composition is an intensive quality which defines types and proportions of compounds present in a material entity and is subject of some composition data item.
example: 4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene
isInMinimalProfile: true
pattern example: Composition is a collective property of a portion of matter, i.e., the triple portion of matter has quality composition holds. As "has quality" is an inverse functional property, only one instance of portion of matter can have this specific composition. However, proportions describe the relation between the prortion of matter (the whole) and some compound (the part). Thus, the following triples hold: portion of matter has relational quality proportion; portion of matter has part some substance (or whatever is your part); substance has relational quality proportion. "Has relational quality" is not inverse functional, i.e., it can point to a single object from 2 distinct subjects.

chemical composition data item
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: composition data item
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: chemical composition
alternative label: chemical composition specification
definition: Chemical composition data item is an information content entity that is about composition of a portion of matter. It has members fraction value specifications which specifiy values of propotions of portions of (pure) chemical elements, which are parts of the portion of matter.
example: Steel has quality chemical composition , and the chemical composition data item is about the chemical composition .The chemical composition data item has members fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications specify values of relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic grain structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: metallic grain structures
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: metallic grain structures
comment: ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
definition: intensive quality epitomizing the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material.
isInMinimalProfile: false

alloy
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: metal
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: alloy crystal
subclass of: metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: alloy crystal
definition: metal that has part a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metallic element

3D
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A three-dimensional data item is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying material properties in its volume or describing a dependency of one variable on two other variables.
example: Orientation distribution function (ODF), potential energy landscape

frequency
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: Frequency is a process attribute which characterizes the rate per second of oscillation or vibration.
example: Frequency of electromagnetic wave, Frequency of sound wave.

transmission electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: electron microscope
label: Transmissionselektronenmikroskop @de
definition: An electron microscope that produces high-resolution images of a sample's internal structure by transmitting electrons through the sample.
definition: Ein Elektronenmikroskop, das hochauflösende Bilder der inneren Struktur einer Probe erzeugt, indem es Elektronen durch die Probe strahlt. @de
abbreviation: TEM

material reacting process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: occurs in
    some values from: portion of matter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in response to
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: disposition
        union of: material property
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: stimulating process
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: portion of matter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in response to
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: disposition
      union of: material property
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: stimulating process
comment: material reacting process has always energy minimization as a driving force.
definition: Material reacting process is a process which occurs in a portion of matter due to some of its disposition or behavioral material property which has realization in some stimulating process. Both the material reacting process and stimulating process must be occurent parts of a planned process, if the planned process takes place.

heating
type: Class
subclass of: change of temperature
definition: Heating is a change of temperature which corresponds to the increase of temperature in the system or object.

cooling
type: Class
subclass of: change of temperature
definition: Cooling is a change of temperature which corresponds to the decrease of temperature in the system or object.

analytical calculation
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
definition: Analytical calculation is a computing process which has value specification or measurement datum as a specified output. It applies a closed-form mathematical expression or formula to a set it specified inputs (value specifications) without requiring stochastic sampling, iterative numerical solving, or data-driven training.

single crystal
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
definition: Single crystal is a crystal which is not part of a polycrystal and its boundaries are its external surfaces.

portion of lanthanum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lanthanum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: 'portion of pure chemical element' and 'has part' only CHEBI:33336
definition: A portion of lanthanum is a portion of pure substance that has parts only chebi:lanthanum atom.

inner diameter
type: Class
subclass of: diameter
label: Innendurchmesser @de
definition: Der Innendurchmesser ist die Länge einer geraden Linie von einer Innenfläche eines Objekts oder Raums zur anderen Seite seiner Innenfläche durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums, wenn es eine Innen- und Außenfläche hat. @de
definition: Inner diameter is a length of a straight line from one inner surface of an object or space to the other side of its inner surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface.

outer diameter
type: Class
subclass of: diameter
label: Außendurchmesser @de
definition: Der Außendurchmesser ist die Länge einer geraden Linie von einer Außenfläche eines Objekts oder Raums zur anderen Seite seiner Außenfläche durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums, wenn es eine Innen- und Außenfläche hat. @de
definition: Outer diameter is a length of a straight line from one outer surface of an object or space to the other side of its outer surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface.

geometric relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: Geometric relational quality is a relational quality describing the geometric relation between two or more independent continuants.
example: Elongation of a specimen after a tensile step, i.e., the specimen before and after the test. Angle between a rolling direction of a rolled material and the longitudinal side of a specimen.

single fatigue testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
definition: Mechanical property analyzing process that is an occurent part of a fatigue testing process (S-N testing process). A single fatigue testing process assesses how many cycles a material can withstand under the given loading.

stamping press
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamping_press
label: Stanzmachine @de
definition: Eine Stanzmachine ist ein Werkzeug/Gerät zur Metallbearbeitung, das dazu dient, geschnittenes Metall durch Verformung mit einer Matrize zu formen. @de
definition: Stamping press is a metalworking device which is used to shape a cut metal by deforming it with a die.

fraction value specification
type: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: proportion
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: relational quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  all values from: composition data item
definition: Fraction value specification is a value specification that contains information about quantitative share of a part relative to a specified whole.
example: 2.05 wt.% of carbon in steel, 4 vol.% of nitric acid in a solution

length
type: Class
subclass of: size
comment: Length is a size that describes the spatial extent of its bearer in one dimension.
alternative label: dimension
definition: Length is a one dimensional size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bond
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
isInMinimalProfile: true

covalent bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
example: In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: metallic-bond-definition-properties-and-examples-4117948
definition: A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ionic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
example: An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermoplastic polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling

polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: polymerization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has input
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: ethylene group
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: poylethylen is a thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer ethylene including further crosslinking and modifications using other comonomers; it excludes ultra hight molecular polyethylen

low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density
abbreviation: PE-LD

high-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density
abbreviation: PE-HD

linear low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching
abbreviation: PE_LLD

polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
alternative label: polyethene
comment: this excludes ultra hight molecular polyethylen because very high molecular weight polyethylene is not thermoplastic anymore
definition: thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer propylene including further crosslinking and modifications using other comonomers
abbreviation: PP

isotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain
abbreviation: iPP

syndiotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain
abbreviation: sPP

atactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain
abbreviation: aPP

polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
alternative label: vinyl or polyvinyl
comment: they are usualy hard or soft and flexible with incrased use of plasticisers.
definition: thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride
abbreviation: PVC

rigid polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: polyvinyl chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability
abbreviation: uPVC

flexible polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: polyvinyl chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility
abbreviation: fPVC

polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
definition: thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene
abbreviation: PS

general purpose polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing

high impact polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance

polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
comment: it is the dominant polyester utilized in global packaging and fiber applications
definition: thermoplastic polymer produced by polycondensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalate precursors
abbreviation: PET

amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: polyethylene terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure
abbreviation: APET

crystalline polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: polyethylene terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure
abbreviation: CPET

thermosetting polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: curing
definition: polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape

epoxy resin
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
alternative label: epoxy or polyepoxide
comment: they are utilized for high-performance structural adhesives, composite matrices, and protective coatings.
definition: thermosetting polymer that is a epoxide-functional oligomer curing via ring-opening into crosslinked networks used as precursors to thermosetting polymers

bisphenol a epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resin
definition: epoxy resin that is formulated using bisphenol a to enhance its mechanical properties

novolac epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resin
definition: epoxy resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance

phenolic resin
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
alternative label: phenol-formaldehyde
comment: they are utilized for flame-resistant adhesives, friction materials, and molded components
comment: they form rigid, char-forming crosslinked networks
definition: thermosetting polymer synthesized via condensation of phenol and formaldehyde

phenol-formaldehyde resin
type: Class
subclass of: phenolic resin
definition: phenolic resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde

melamine formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
alternative label: melamine-formaldehyde
comment: they are widely used in decorative laminates, kitchenware, and coating crosslinkers.
comment: they form hard, durable crosslinked networks.
definition: thermosetting aminoplast polymer synthesized via condensation

urea formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
definition: thermosetting polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.

elastomer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation

natural rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomer
comment: they are predominantly cis-1,4-polyisoprene,
comment: they are used widely in Heavy-duty truck tires
definition: elastomer polymer, and a biopolymer harvested as plant latex; consisting of cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains; typically sulfur-vulcanized to create crosslinks between chains

synthetic rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomer
definition: elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties

styrene-butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
comment: used widely for its good abrasion resistance and tunable hardness, for instance in tire treads.
definition: synthetic rubber and belongs to a family of synthetic random copolymer elastomers of styrene and butadiene, made by emulsion or solution polymerization and typically vulcanized

nitrile butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
alternative label: Nitrile
comment: Oil resistance, Fuel resistance
comment: it can have tunable polarity and oil/fuel resistance
definition: synthetic rubber that belongs to a family of synthetic acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer elastomers
example: it is widely used in oil/fuel resistance applicaitons such as seals, fuel hoses, and protective gloves

ethylene propylene diene monomer
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
comment: it offers excellent weather resistance
definition: synthetic rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer

biodegradable polymers
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: polymer
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: biodegradability
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: biodegradability
definition: polymeric material that possesses the disposition to undergo decomposition through the metabolic activity of biological organisms, resulting in conversion into environmentally benign substances—such as carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts, and biomass—within a timescale that does not cause harmful accumulation in the environment
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

polylactic acid
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: biodegradable thermoplastic polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch

polyhydroxyalkanoates
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: polyhydroxyalkanoates are biodegradable polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids

polybutylene succinate
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: biodegradable thermoplastic polymer polyester that is synthesized via the polycondensation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol

natural ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: conventional ceramics manufacturing
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: conventional ceramics manufacturing
definition: ceramic that is produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica

silicate ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silicon
definition: oxide ceramic consisting primarily of silicon oxide

clay-based ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
subclass of: silicate ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: manufacturing process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has specified input
      some values from: clay
disjoint with: non-clay ceramic
definition: silicate ceramics that are formed from natural clays

earthenware
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramic
definition: natural ceramic that is clay-based, formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material

stoneware
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramic
definition: natural ceramic that is clay-based, fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material

porcelain
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramic
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: glass
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
comment: a glass binder with ceramic filler produced from ceramics
definition: natural ceramic that is clay-bsed, distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance

aluminosilicate ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramic
definition: silicate ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides

mullite ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate ceramic
definition: aluminosilicate ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability

kaolinite ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate ceramic
definition: aluminosilicate ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity

non-clay ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramic
definition: natural ceramic that is formed from raw materials other than clay

glass-ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: ceramic
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: glass
        intersection of: Restriction
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: crystal structure
definition: Glass‑ceramics are inorganic, non‑metallic materials prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods; they contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass, and the crystallized volume fraction may vary from ppm to almost 100%.
definition: engenieered material that is inorganic, non‑metallic and prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods; they contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass, and the crystallized volume fraction may vary from ppm to almost 100%

diameter
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition source: “Diameter.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diameter. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
label: Durchmesser @de
definition: Die Länge einer geraden Linie durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums. @de
definition: The length of a straight line through the center of an object or space.

leucite-based glass-ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramic
definition: glass-ceramics that are non-clay ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties

fritted ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-clay ceramic
definition: non-clay ceramic that is manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials

technical ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications

oxide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of oxygen
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: ceramic crystal
definition: ceramic consisting primarily of metal oxide

alumina ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of aluminium
definition: oxide ceramic consisting primarily of aluminium oxide
abbreviation: Al₂O₃

zirconia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of zirconium
definition: oxide ceramic consisting primarily of zirconium oxide
abbreviation: ZrO₂

yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia ceramic
definition: zirconia ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance
abbreviation: YSZ

magnesia-stabilized zirconia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia ceramic
definition: zirconia ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability
abbreviation: MSZ

titania ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties
abbreviation: TiO₂

beryllia ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is an advanced ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation
abbreviation: BeO

non-oxide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: ceramic crystal
definition: ceramic consisting primarily of non-oxide elements

carbide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of carbon
definition: non-oxide ceramic consisting of a metal and carbon

silicon carbide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silicon
definition: carbide ceramic consisting of silicon carbide

tungsten carbide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of tungsten
definition: carbide ceramic with tungsten

boron carbide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramic
definition: carbide ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density
abbreviation: B₄C

nitride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of nitrogen
definition: non-oxide ceramic consisting of a metal and nitrogen

silicon nitride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of silicon
definition: nitride ceramic consiting of silicon nitride

aluminum nitride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of aluminium
definition: nitride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity
abbreviation: AlN

boron nitride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of boron
definition: nitride ceramic sonsisting of boron nitride

boride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of boron
definition: non-oxide ceramic consisting of a boron and another element

titanium diboride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramic
definition: boride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point
abbreviation: TiB₂

zirconium diboride ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramic
definition: boride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability
abbreviation: ZrB₂

ceramic matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
definition: composite consisting of a ceramic matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
abbreviation: CMC

oxide-oxide composite
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic matrix composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: oxide ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: oxide ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
definition: ceramic matrix composite that consists entirely of oxide ceramic phases for both the matrix and reinforcement
example: aluminum oxide composites

alumina matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composite
definition: oxide-oxide composite that uses alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases

zirconia matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composite
definition: oxide-oxide composite that uses zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases

non-oxide composite
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic matrix composite
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: filler role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: non-oxide ceramic
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has role
        some values from: matrix role
definition: ceramic matrix composite that consists of non-oxide ceramic phases (typically carbides, nitrides, or borides) for both the matrix and the reinforcement
example: Silicon Carbide (SiC) Matrix Composite; Carbon-Carbon (C/C) Composite

silicon carbide matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composite
definition: non-oxide composite that is built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases

carbon-silicon carbide composite
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composite
definition: non-oxide composite that consists of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance

electroceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: Class
      union of: superconducting
      union of: dielectric disposition
      union of: magnetic property
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: Class
    union of: superconducting
    union of: dielectric disposition
    union of: magnetic property
definition: ceramic that is specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications

dielectric ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: electroceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: dielectric disposition
subclass of: electroceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: dielectric disposition
definition: electroceramic that serves primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants

barium titanate ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: dielectric ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is dielectric and composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties
abbreviation: BaTiO₃

lead zirconate titanate ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: dielectric ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is dielectric and composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior
abbreviation: PZT

magnetic ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: electroceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: magnetic property
subclass of: electroceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: magnetic property
alternative label: ferrites
definition: electroceramic that exhibits magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides

superconducting ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: electroceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: superconducting
subclass of: electroceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: superconducting
definition: electroceramic that exhibits zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature

yttrium barium copper oxide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: superconducting ceramic
definition: oxide is a superconducting oxide ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature

bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: superconducting ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is superconducting and composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure

bioceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: Class
      union of: bioactive
      union of: bioinert
      union of: bioresorbable
subclass of: ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: Class
    union of: bioactive
    union of: bioinert
    union of: bioresorbable
definition: ceramic that is engineered to be compatible with biological systems

bioinert ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: bioinert
subclass of: bioceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: bioinert
definition: ceramic that is designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions

bioactive ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: bioactive
subclass of: bioceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: bioactive
definition: ceramic that interacts with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration

hydroxyapatite ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramic
subclass of: bioactive ceramic
definition: oxide ceramic that is bioactive and composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone

bioresorbable ceramic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: ceramic
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: bioresorbable
subclass of: bioactive ceramic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: bioresorbable
definition: ceramic that is designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue

silicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: silicon dioxide
definition: glass whose network is based primarily on silica (SiO₂)

soda-lime glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: calcium oxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: sodium hydroxide
comment: soda (Na₂O) acting as a flux and lime (CaO) acting as a stabilizer
definition: silicate glass that is composed of about 70% silica (SiO₂) with soda (Na₂O) and lime (CaO)
example: widely used as common window and container glass.

borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: diboron trioxide
comment: characteristically low thermal expansion and high thermal/chemical resistance compared with soda‑lime glass.
definition: silicate glass that uses boron trioxide (B₂O₃) as a major additional glass‑forming constituent

pyrex-type glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
definition: borosilicate glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.

aluminosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: aluminium oxide
comment: typically higher transformation/softening temperatures and improved mechanical/chemical performance compared with many common silicates
definition: silicate glass in which SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are key structural units

lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: lead oxide
comment: increased refractive index and modified working properties relative to ordinary silicate glasses
definition: silicate glass in which lead(II) oxide (PbO) is incorporated in significant amounts

potash lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: lead glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide

barium glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Barium glass is a form of lead glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties

high-temperature resistant glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
definition: aluminosilicate glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures

non-silicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
comment: Based on other glass formers or non‑oxide systems (e.g., phosphate (P₂O₅)-based, fluoride-based, or chalcogenide (S/Se/Te)-based compositions).
definition: glass whose primary glass‑forming network is not based on SiO₂

phosphate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: tetraphosphorus decaoxide
comment: (P₂O₅) as the glass former (i.e., replacing SiO₂ as the network basis).
definition: non‑silicate glass based primarily on phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅)

borate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: diboron trioxide
comment: It is distinct from borosilicate glass because B₂O₃ is the primary network former here rather than an added co‑former in a silica‑based network.
definition: non‑silicate glass based primarily on boron oxide (B₂O₃) as the glass‑forming network

germanate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glass
definition: non-silicate glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission

optical glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: optical property
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: refraction (optical)
comment: composition and processing chosen to achieve specified optical/mechanical parameters such as refractive index and dispersion.
definition: glass manufactured for optical components
example: e.g., lenses, prisms, mirrors

fused silica glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: optical glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: cooling
comment: obtained by melting silica and cooling fast enough to avoid crystallization.
definition: optical glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.|Fused silica is a silicate glass that is essentially pure, amorphous SiO₂
definition: silicate glass that is essentially pure, amorphous SiO₂
example: often called fused quartz or vitreous silica

crown glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: optical glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity

flint glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: optical glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion

specialty glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: glass that is engineered primarily for a targeted functional performance profile

chemically strengthened glass
type: Class
subclass of: toughened (tempered) glass
definition: glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength

ion-exchanged glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: ion-exchange hardening
subclass of: toughened (tempered) glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: ion-exchange hardening
definition: glass that is chemically strengthened and produced by exchanging ions to improve durability

aluminosilicate gorilla glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
subclass of: toughened (tempered) glass
definition: glass that is chemically strengthened

toughened (tempered) glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: hardening
subclass of: engineered material
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: hardening
definition: glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety

laminated glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: laminated composite
definition: glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance

electrochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: functional glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied

photochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: functional glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light

thermochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: functional glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature

lithium disilicate glass-ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramic
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: portion of barium
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: portion of lead
comment: Provides transparent attenuation of X‑rays (and, depending on design, gamma radiation).
definition: glass-ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal

transparent glass-ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramic
definition: glass-ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization

functional glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: function
subclass of: functional material
subclass of: glass
comment: axiom is related to functional material
definition: glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications

conductive glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: electrical conductivity
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: electrical conductivity
definition: glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity

magnetic glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: magnetic property
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: magnetic property
comment: Its composition and/or microstructure contains a significant population of magnetic species - typically transition‑metal or rare‑earth ions and/or magnetic nanophases - so that magnetic susceptibility/permeability/magnetization is a designed functional property of the glass.
definition: glass that exhibits intrinsic bulk magnetic behavior|Magnetic glass is functional glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties

iron-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
subclass of: magnetic glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: magnetic property
definition: borosilicate glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior

cobalt-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
subclass of: magnetic glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: magnetic property
definition: borosilicate glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties

nonlinear optical glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: optical glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: nonlinear optical property
subclass of: optical glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: nonlinear optical property
definition: optical glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light

chalcogenide glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glass
subclass of: optical glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: chalcogen
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: optical property
comment: Chalcogens such as sulfur, selenium, or tellurium as key constituents. Is valued particularly for infrared transparency.
definition: non‑silicate glass (generally non‑oxide) that contains one or more chalcogens

tellurite glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: nonlinear optical property
definition: glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties

bioactive glass
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: biocompatible
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: biocompatible
comment: enables bonding with bone tissue.
definition: glass that forms a biologically compatible hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer on its surface in physiological conditions

silicate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glass
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: bioactive silicate glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue

45S5 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: silicate-based bioactive glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone

S53P4 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: silicate-based bioactive glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity

phosphate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: phosphate glass
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: phosphate glass that is bioactive and composed predominantly of phosphate compounds

borate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: borate glass
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: borate glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction

amorphous metal glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid

iron-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: amorphous metal glass that is predominantly composed of iron

magnesium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: amorphous metal glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density

zirconium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: amorphous metal glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength

thickness
type: Class
subclass of: length
label: Dicke @de
definition: A length that describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece.
definition: Diese Klasse beschreibt das gemessene Maß in einer Richtung eines Prüfkörpers. @de

width
type: Class
subclass of: length
label: Breite @de
definition: Diese Klasse beschreibt eine horizontale Messung eines Objekts, die im rechten Winkel zur Länge des Objekts vorgenommen wird. @de
definition: This class describes a horizontal measurement of an object taken at right angles to the length of the object.

shape
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: “Shape.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Form @de
definition: Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt. @de
definition: Extemsive quality, the visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.

geometry shape
type: Class
subclass of: shape
definition source: DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2019
label: Geometrische Form @de
definition: Dieses Konzept beschreibt die geometrischen Abmessungen und das Erscheinungsbild (Form und Abmaße) einer Probe, eines Prüfkörpers oder eines Prüfstücks, wie sie üblicherweise durch eine entsprechende Norm definiert sind. Dementsprechend ist der angegebene Formwert in Übereinstimmung mit der definierenden Norm anzugeben, z. B. "Zugprüfstück Form 1 gemäß Anhang B der Zugversuchsnorm". @de
definition: This concept describes the geometric dimensions and appearance (shape and dimensions) of a sample, specimen, or test piece as usually defined by a corresponding standard. Accordingly, the shape value given is in accordance with the defining standard, e.g., ‘tensile test piece shape 1 in accordance with annex B of the tensile test standard’.

shape 3d
type: Class
subclass of: geometry shape
label: 3D Geometrie @de
definition: A shape 3D is a geometry shape that exists in three dimensions, having length, width, and height, and can be defined by its spatial properties such as volume and surface area.
definition: Eine 3D Geometrie ist eine geometrische Form, die in drei Dimensionen existiert, mit Länge, Breite und Höhe, und die durch ihre räumlichen Eigenschaften wie Volumen und Oberfläche definiert werden kann. @de
example: Beispiele sind Formen wie Würfel, Kugeln und Pyramiden. @de
example: Examples include shapes like cubes, spheres, and pyramids.

device specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

material specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
isInMinimalProfile: true

recipe
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes.

specification datum
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
comment: The intent of the specification datum is to express the "Sollwert" of some qualitiy or behavioral material property. Then, the specification datum can be further specified by some value specification.
definition: A directive information entity that provides information of a setpoint of some value, i.e., it is an intended value.
example: The setpoint value of a ultimate tensile strength of some steel material
isInMinimalProfile: true

semiconductor
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: semiconductivity
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: band gap
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: semiconductivity
definition: A semiconductor is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. This is a result of a range of inexistent energy states in ther electron configuration between the valence and conduction band (bandgap).
isInMinimalProfile: true

semiconductivity
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: Semiconductivity is the disposition of a material to conduct electricity only when a certain level of excitation (via temperature, impurities, photonic excitation, electric field) elevates electrons from the valence band into the conduction band.
isInMinimalProfile: true

band gap
type: Class
subclass of: energy
alternative label: bandgap
alternative label: energy gap
definition: A bandgap is an energy range between the valence band and the conduction band in a solid where no electronic states exist.
example: Silicon has a band gap of 1.107 eV at room temperature.

aluminum matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
comment: often used to improve stiffness/wear at low weight,
definition: metal matrix composite, consisting of an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials

titanium matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
comment: often chosen for elevated-temperature capability
definition: metal matrix composite, consisting of a titanium or titanium alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials

magnesium matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
comment: known for its ultra-low density and improved specific strength.
definition: metal matrix composite, consisting of a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials

copper matrix composite
type: Class
subclass of: metal matrix composite
comment: often used for thermal management with high conductivity and tailored CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion)
definition: metal matrix composite, consisting of a copper or copper alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials

glass fiber reinforced polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer matrix composite
alternative label: GFRP/GRP
definition: polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with glass fibers

carbon fiber reinforced polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer matrix composite
definition: polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with carbon fibers

aramid fiber composite
type: Class
subclass of: polymer matrix composite
alternative label: Kevlar
definition: polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with aramid (aromatic polyamide) fibers

natural fiber composite
type: Class
subclass of: polymer matrix composite
definition: polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers derived from biological sources

biological material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: biological_process
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: biological_process
alternative label: biomaterial
comment: produced through biological synthesis processes like Biological growth, morphogenesis, secretion etc.
definition: material produced by a living organism
example: Biological Comosite such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool; Biopolymers such as cellulose, colagene; Biogenic minerals such as hydroxyapatite
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

biological composite
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: composite
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: biological_process
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: biological_process
definition: composite consisting of two or more distinct material phases organized in a multi-scale structure that act synergistically to fulfill specific properties or functions
example: such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool;
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

biopolymer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: polymer
  intersection of: biological material
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: biological material
alternative label: biomacromoleules
definition: polymer produced by the metabolic processes of a living organism
example: such as Polysaccharides like cellulose or Chitin; Proteins like colagene or Fibroin
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

biogenic mineral
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: mineral
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: biological_process
subclass of: mineral
subclass of: biological material
definition: mineral that is inorganic crystalline or amorphous solid synthesized by a living organism
example: such as Calcium Carbonates (in shells), Calcium Phosphates (Hydroxyapatite in bone/teeth), or Silica (in diatoms)
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

bio-based material
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: manufacturing process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has specified input
        some values from: biological material
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: manufacturing process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has specified input
      some values from: biological material
comment: produced through industrial syntesis processes like Chemical extraction, fermentation, or polymerization
definition: material intentionally processed from materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms
example: Engineered Biopolymers such as Polylactic Acid (PLA); Reconstituted Biopolymers such as Regenerated Cellulose (Rayon/Viscose); Biocomposites such as Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC); Biochemicals (e.g. Bio-based Adhesives)
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

engineered biopolymer
type: Class
subclass of: bio-based material
definition: bio-based material and polymer synthesized through the intentional industrial transformation, synthesis, or reconstitution processes using materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms
example: synthetic Bio-polymer such as Polylactic Acid (PLA): or Regenrated Biopolymrs like Rayon / Viscose reconstituted from pulp cellulose; or microbial Biopolymers like Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) synthesised by bacteria
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

bio-based composite
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: composite
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: bio-based material
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: bio-based material
alternative label: biocomposite; bio-composite
definition: composite consisting of at least one constituent derived from biological or bio-based sources
example: such as Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC), Hemp-fiber reinforced Polypropylene
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

bio-based chemical
type: Class
subclass of: bio-based material
alternative label: biochemicals
definition: bio-based material used in chemical reactions as a reactant
example: such as bio-based adhesives (e.g. Lignin-based); Bio-epoxy resin.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354

thermosetting polyurethane
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
comment: offers high versatility in mechanical properties
definition: thermosetting polymer with carbamate crosslinks
abbreviation: PUR

unsaturated polyester resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymer
comment: they are used for fiber-reinforced composites
definition: thermosetting polymer system of unsaturated polyester prepolymers in reactive vinyl monomers; it cures by radical crosslinking into rigid networks

silicone rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
comment: it is available in multiple formulations and often filled.
comment: wide service temperature range
definition: synthetic rubber that belongs to crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer family, with organic side groups
example: widely used for its broad service temperature range in medical devices, gaskets, and culinary tools

polychloropren
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
alternative label: Neoprene
comment: it offers good weathering and ozone resistance.
comment: weathering resistance; ozone resistance
definition: synthetic rubber that belongs to the family of synthetic elastomeric rubbers; synthesised typically through emulsion polymerization of chloroprene
example: it is widely used in gaskets and wetsuits.

compression molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.1 “Pressformen”. @de
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.1 „Pressformen“. @de
label: Pressformen @de
alternative label: compression moulding
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a pre-measured, usually preheated molding compound is placed in an open, heated mold cavity and shaped by closing the mold and applying pressure until the material cures or solidifies to the final part geometry.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine dosierte, meist vorgewärmte Formmasse in eine offene, beheizte Formkavität eingelegt und durch Schließen des Werkzeugs unter Druck zur endgültigen Bauteilgeometrie ausgehärtet bzw. erstarrt wird. @de

biodegradability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition source: orginal: "[biodegradability] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment." European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
label: Biologische Abbaubarkeit @de
definition: "[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder – unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen – in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt." @de
definition: biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (CO₂, CH₄, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

injection molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.2 “Spritzgießen”.
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.2 „Spritzgießen“. @de
label: Spritzgießen @de
alternative label: injection moulding; plastic injection molding
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which plastic granules are plasticised in an injection unit and the melt is injected under high pressure into a closed mold cavity, where it cools and solidifies to the final part shape.
definition: Urformverfahren, bei dem Kunststoffgranulat in einem Plastifizieraggregat aufgeschmolzen und die Schmelze mit hohem Druck in einen geschlossenen Formhohlraum eingespritzt wird, wo sie verdichtet, abkühlt und zum Formteil erstarrt. @de
example: Injection molding of polypropylene housings.

injection-compression molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.3 “Spritzpressen”.
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.3 „Spritzpressen“. @de
label: Spritzpressen @de
alternative label: injection–compression moulding; transfer molding (Spritzpressen)
definition: A hybrid primary shaping from the plastic state process that combines injection and compression: a pre-plasticised charge or melt is injected into a closed or partially open mold and then compressed by further mold closure or a plunger so that the material completely fills the cavity and cures or solidifies under heat and pressure.
definition: Urformverfahren, bei dem eine vorplastifizierte Formmasse aus einer beheizten Vorkammer bzw. einem Plastifizieraggregat in ein (teil-)geschlossenes Werkzeug eingespritzt und anschließend durch Schließen des Werkzeugs bzw. Nachdrücken verpresst wird, bis der Werkstoff unter Wärme und Druck aushärtet. @de
example: Injection-compression molding of epoxy-encapsulated electronic components.

extrusion
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.4
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.4 @de
label: strangpressen (extrudieren) @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a plastically deformable material, typically a polymer melt, is continuously forced by pressure through a shaping die to produce an endless strand with constant cross-section, which solidifies by cooling or curing.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem ein plastifizierter Werkstoff, meist eine Polymerschmelze, kontinuierlich unter Druck durch eine formgebende Düse gepresst wird und dabei einen Strang mit konstantem Querschnitt bildet, der durch Abkühlen oder Aushärten verfestigt wird. @de
example: Extrusion of PVC window profiles; extrusion of plastic films or pipes from polyethylene melt.

drawing forming
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.5
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.5 @de
label: Ziehformen @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a plastically deformable mass (for example fibre-reinforced resin or glass/plastic strands) is pulled through one or more shaping tools or dies so that the cross-section and surface are formed by tensile forces, while the material solidifies or cures to produce continuous profiles. It is conceptually related to pultrusion / profile drawing.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine plastisch verformbare Masse (z. B. faserverstärkte Harzsysteme oder glasige/kunststoffhaltige Stränge) durch Zugkräfte durch formgebende Düsen oder Werkzeuge gezogen wird, sodass Querschnitt und Oberfläche ausgebildet und der Werkstoff dabei verfestigt bzw. ausgehärtet wird. Das Verfahren ist verwandt mit dem Strangzieh- bzw. Pultrusionsverfahren. @de
example: Pultrusion of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer profiles; drawing of continuous fibre-reinforced rods through a heated die.

calendering
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.6
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.6 @de
label: Kalandrieren @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a viscous polymer melt or plastic mass is passed through the narrow gaps between several counter-rotating, polished rolls so that it is compressed and rolled out into sheet or film of defined thickness and surface quality, then cooled to solidify.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine zähflüssige Polymerschmelze oder plastische Masse durch enge Spalte zwischen mehreren gegenläufig rotierenden, polierten Walzen geführt wird, wodurch sie verdichtet und zu Platten oder Folien definierter Dicke und Oberflächenqualität ausgewalzt und anschließend verfestigt wird. @de
example: Calendering of plasticised PVC into rigid or flexible sheets and films; calendering of ABS sheet for thermoforming.

blow molding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.7
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.7 @de
label: Blasformen @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a tube or preform of molten or plasticised material is enclosed in a mold and expanded by internal gas pressure so that it conforms to the mold cavity, producing hollow bodies which then solidify.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem ein Schlauch oder ein Vorformling aus geschmolzenem bzw. plastifizierten Werkstoff in ein Werkzeug eingelegt und durch inneren Gasdruck an die Formwand aufgeblasen wird, sodass ein Hohlkörper entsteht, der anschließend verfestigt wird. @de
example: Extrusion blow molding of HDPE bottles; stretch-blow molding of PET beverage containers; blow molding of fuel tanks for automotive applications.

modelling
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.8
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.8 @de
label: Modellieren @de
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a manually workable plastic mass (such as clay, wax, plastiline or gypsum paste) is shaped directly by hand and simple tools into a final or intermediate geometry and subsequently hardened, dried or fired to obtain a solid body.
definition: Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine mit Hand und einfachen Werkzeugen formbare plastische Masse (z. B. Ton, Wachs, Plastilin oder Gipspaste) direkt zur gewünschten Geometrie modelliert und anschließend durch Trocknen, Brennen oder Aushärten zu einem festen Körper verfestigt wird. @de
example: Hand modelling of clay prior to firing (e.g. pottery, sculptures); modelling of wax or plasticine for casting patterns.

example to be eventually removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: example to be eventually removed

failed exploratory term
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: failed exploratory term
definition: The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

metadata complete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: metadata complete
definition: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: organizational term
definition: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

ready for release
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: ready for release
definition: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: metadata incomplete
definition: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: uncurated
definition: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: pending final vetting
definition: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

placeholder removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: placeholder removed

terms merged
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: terms merged
editor note: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.

term imported
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: term imported
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.

term split
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: term split
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.

universal
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: universal
editor note: Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf

defined class
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: defined class
definition: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
editor note: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

named class expression
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: named class expression
definition: A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
editor note: named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: to be replaced with external ontology term
definition: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: requires discussion
definition: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

Transformation-ML
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Transformation-ML
example of usage: Transformation-ML file describing parameter transformations used in a GvHD experiment.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: Transformation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Transformation-ML standard.(http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Transformation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Transformation-ML_v1.0.26.pdf)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel

ACS
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: ACS
example of usage: d06.acs, ACS1.0 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: ACS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Analytical Cytometry Standard. (http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: web-page:http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/

XML
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: XML
example of usage: RDF/XML file, OWL file, Compensation-ML file, WSDL document, SVG document
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: XML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Extensible Markup Language Recommendation.(http://www.w3.org/XML/)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: web-page:http://www.w3.org/XML/

RDF
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: RDF
example of usage: A FOAF file, a SKOS file, an OWL file.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: RDF is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Resource Description Framework RDF/XML Syntax specification.(http://www.w3.org/RDF/)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: web-page:http://www.w3.org/RDF/

zip
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: zip
example of usage: MagicDraw MDZIP archive, Java JAR file.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: zip is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the PKWARE .ZIP file format specification (http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: web-page:http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/

tar
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: tar
example of usage: Example.tar file.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: tar is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the tape archive file format as standardized by POSIX.1-1998, POSIX.1-2001, or any other tar format compliant with the GNU tar specification. (http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: web-page:http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/

FCS
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: FCS
example of usage: d01.fcs, FCS3 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: FCS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Flow Cytometry Data File Standard.(http://www.fcspress.com/)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: web-page:http://www.fcspress.com/

Compensation-ML
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Compensation-ML
example of usage: compfoo.xml, Compensation-ML file describing compensation used in a GvHD experiment
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: Compensation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Compensation-ML standard. (http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Compensation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Compensation-ML_v1.0.24.pdf)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel

Gating-ML
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Gating-ML
example of usage: foogate.xml, Gating-ML file describing gates used in a GvHD experiment.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: Gating-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Gating-ML standard. (http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: web-page:http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/

OWL
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: OWL
example of usage: OBI ontology file, Basic Formal Ontology file, BIRNLex file, BioPAX file.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: OWL is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Web Ontology Language specification.(http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/)
term editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: web-page:http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/

Affymetrix
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Affymetrix
example of usage: Affymetrix supplied microarray
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: An organization which supplies technology, tools and protocols for use in high throughput applications

Thermo
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Thermo
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

Waters
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Waters
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

BIO-RAD
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: BIO-RAD
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

GenePattern hierarchical clustering
type: NamedIndividual
type: hierarchical clustering [obi]
editor preferred term: GenePattern hierarchical clustering
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: James Malone

Ambion
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Ambion
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

Helicos
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Helicos
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

Roche
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Roche
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

Illumina
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Illumina
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

GenePattern PCA
type: NamedIndividual
type: principal components analysis dimensionality reduction [obi]
editor preferred term: GenePattern PCA
has curation status: metadata incomplete

GenePattern module SVM
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern SVM
editor preferred term: GenePattern module SVM
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: GenePattern module SVM is a GenePattern software module which is used to run a support vector machine data transformation.
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Ryan Brinkman

GenePattern k-nearest neighbors
type: NamedIndividual
type: k-nearest neighbors [obi]
editor preferred term: GenePattern k-nearest neighbors
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: James Malone

GenePattern LOOCV
type: NamedIndividual
type: leave one out cross validation method
editor preferred term: GenePattern LOOCV
has curation status: metadata incomplete

GenePattern k-means clustering
type: NamedIndividual
type: k-means clustering [obi]
editor preferred term: GenePattern k-means clustering
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: James Malone

Agilent
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Agilent
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

GenePattern module KMeansClustering
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern k-means clustering
editor preferred term: GenePattern module KMeansClustering
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: GenePattern module KMeansClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a k Means clustering data transformation.
term editor: James Malone
definition source: PERSON: James Malone

GenePattern CART
type: NamedIndividual
type: CART
editor preferred term: GenePattern CART
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: James Malone

GenePattern module CARTXValidation
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern LOOCV
is about: GenePattern CART
editor preferred term: GenePattern module CARTXValidation
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: GenePattern module CARTXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a CART decision tree induction with a leave one out cross validation data transformations.

Li-Cor
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Li-Cor
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

Bruker Corporation
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Bruker Corporation
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

GenePattern module KNNXValidation
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: GenePattern module KNNXValidation
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: GenePattern module KNNXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a k-nearest neighbours clustering with a leave one out cross validation data transformations.
term editor: James Malone
definition source: PERSON: James Malone

GenePattern module PeakMatch
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern peak matching
editor preferred term: GenePattern module PeakMatch
has curation status: metadata incomplete

GenePattern module KNN
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern k-nearest neighbors
editor preferred term: GenePattern module KNN
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: GenePattern module KNN is a GenePattern software module which perform a k-nearest neighbors data transformation.
term editor: James Malone

GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern hierarchical clustering
editor preferred term: GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a hierarchical clustering data transformation.
term editor: James Malone
term editor: PERSON: James Malone

GenePattern SVM
type: NamedIndividual
type: support vector machine
editor preferred term: GenePattern SVM
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: James Malone

Applied Biosystems
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Applied Biosystems
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

GenePattern module PCA
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern PCA
editor preferred term: GenePattern module PCA
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: GenePattern module PCA is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a principal components analysis dimensionality reduction data transformation.
term editor: James Malone
definition source: PERSON: James Malone

GenePattern peak matching
type: NamedIndividual
type: peak matching
editor preferred term: GenePattern peak matching
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: James Malone
term editor: Ryan Brinkman

Bruker Daltonics
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Bruker Daltonics
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra

GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization
type: NamedIndividual
type: clustered data visualization
editor preferred term: GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: The GenePattern process of generating Heat Maps from clustered data.
term editor: James Malone

GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization
type: NamedIndividual
type: clustered data visualization
editor preferred term: GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: The GenePattern process of generating hierarchical clustering visualization from clustered data.
term editor: James Malone

GenePattern module HeatMapViewer
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization
editor preferred term: GenePattern module HeatMapViewer
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a heatmap view of data.
term editor: James Malone

GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer
type: NamedIndividual
is about: GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization
editor preferred term: GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a view of data that has been hierarchically clustered.
term editor: James Malone

Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
has curation status: metadata complete
definition source: WEB:http://www.sysmex.com/

right handed
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: right handed
has curation status: metadata incomplete

ambidexterous
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: ambidexterous
has curation status: metadata incomplete

left handed
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: left handed
has curation status: metadata incomplete

eBioscience
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: eBioscience
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.ebioscience.com/

Cytopeia
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Cytopeia
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.cytopeia.com/

Exalpha Biological
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Exalpha Biological
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.exalpha.com/

Apogee Flow Systems
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Apogee Flow Systems
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.apogeeflow.com/

Exbio Antibodies
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Exbio Antibodies
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.exbio.cz/

Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences)
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences)
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.bdbiosciences.com/

Dako Cytomation
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Dako Cytomation
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.dakousa.com/

Millipore
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Millipore
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.guavatechnologies.com/

Antigenix
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Antigenix
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.antigenix.com/

Partec
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Partec
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.partec.de/

Beckman Coulter
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Beckman Coulter
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.beckmancoulter.com/

Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies)
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies)
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.aicompanies.com/

Miltenyi Biotec
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Miltenyi Biotec
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/

AES Chemunex
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: AES Chemunex
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.aeschemunex.com/

Bentley Instruments
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Bentley Instruments
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://bentleyinstruments.com/

Invitrogen
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Invitrogen
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.invitrogen.com/

Luminex
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Luminex
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.luminexcorp.com/

CytoBuoy
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: CytoBuoy
has curation status: metadata incomplete
term editor: Karin Breuer
definition source: WEB:http://www.cytobuoy.com/

Nimblegen
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Nimblegen
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: An organization that focuses on manufacturing target enrichment probe pools for DNA sequencing.
term editor: Person: Jie Zheng

Pacific Biosciences
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Pacific Biosciences
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: An organization that supplies tools for studying the synthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA and protein. It developed a powerful technology platform called single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology which enables real-time analysis of biomolecules with single molecule resolution.
term editor: Person: Jie Zheng

NanoString Technologies
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: NanoString Technologies
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: An organization that supplies life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostics based on a novel digital molecular barcoding technology. The NanoString platform can provide simple, multiplexed digital profiling of single molecules.

G1: Well differentiated
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G1: Well differentiated
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells and the organization of the tumor tissue appear close to normal.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: G1
definition source: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G2: Moderately differentiated
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G2: Moderately differentiated
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are moderately differentiated and reflect an intermediate grade.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: G2
definition source: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G3: Poorly differentiated
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G3: Poorly differentiated
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are poorly differentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: G3
definition source: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G4: Undifferentiated
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G4: Undifferentiated
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are undifferentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: G4
definition source: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G1 (Fuhrman)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G1 (Fuhrman)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are round, uniform, approximately 10um and that nucleoli are inconspicuous or absent.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Grade 1
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G2 (Fuhrman)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G2 (Fuhrman)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are slightly irregular, approximately 15um and nucleoli are evident.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Grade 2
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G3 (Fuhrman)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G3 (Fuhrman)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are very irregular, approximately 20um and nucleoli large and prominent.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Grade 3
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G4 (Fuhrman)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G4 (Fuhrman)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei arei bizarre and multilobulated, 20um or greater and nucleoli are prominent and chromatin clumped.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Grade 4
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Low grade ovarian tumor
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Low grade ovarian tumor
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is low grade.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Low grade
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

High grade ovarian tumor
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: High grade ovarian tumor
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is high grade.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: High grade
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G1 (WHO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G1 (WHO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is well differentiated.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: G1
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G2 (WHO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G2 (WHO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is moderately differentiated.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: G2
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G3 (WHO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G3 (WHO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is poorly differentiated.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: G3
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

G4 (WHO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: G4 (WHO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is undifferentiated.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: G4
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT0 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT0 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pTis (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pTis (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ (intraepithelial or invasion of lamina propria).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades submucosa.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades muscularis propria.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades subserosa or into non-peritionealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT4a (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT4a (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor perforates visceral peritoneum.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT4b (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT4b (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor directly invades other organs or structures.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT0 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT0 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pTis (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pTis (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1a (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1a (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1b (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1b (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 7 cm or the tumor has any of the following features: involves main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina, invades visceral pleura, associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2a (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2a (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2b (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2b (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 5 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of: parietal pleura, chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardiu or the tumor is in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina or there is associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT4 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT4 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe to that of the primary.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT0 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT0 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 7 cm or less in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1a (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1a (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 4 cm or less.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1b (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1b (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2a (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2a (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm but not more than 10 cm.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2b (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2b (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 10 cm and limited to the kidney.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond the Gerota fascia.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3a (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3a (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or the tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat (peripelvic) fat but not beyond Gerota fascia.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3b (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3b (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava below diaphragm.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3c (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3c (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava above the diaphragm or Invades the wall of the vena cava.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT4 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT4 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades beyond Gerota fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT0 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT0 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to the ovaries (one or both).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1a (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1a (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one ovary; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1b (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1b (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to both ovaries; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT1c (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT1c (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one or both ovaries with capsule ruptured, tumor on ovarian surface, or malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2a (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2a (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension and/or implants on uterus and/or tube(s) and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2b (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2b (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension to other pelvic tissues and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT2c (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT2c (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has pelvic extension with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with microscopically confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and/or regional lymph node metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3a (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3a (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has microscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3b (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3b (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has macroscopic peritoneal, metastatasis beyond pelvis, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pT3c (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pT3c (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension and/or regional lymph node metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN0 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN0 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastsis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN1 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN1 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN1a (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN1a (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1 regional lymph node.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN1b (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN1b (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN1c (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN1c (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating tumor deposit(s), i.e., satellites in the subserosa, or in non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal soft tissue without regional lymph node metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN2 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN2 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN2a (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN2a (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 to 6 regional lymph nodes.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN2b (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN2b (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN0 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN0 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN1 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN1 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN2 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN2 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN3 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN3 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN0 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN0 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN1 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN1 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN0 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN0 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pN1 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pN1 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_n/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM0 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM0 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are no symptoms or signs of distant metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging#Pathological_M_Categorization_.28cM_and_pM.29
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM1 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM1 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is clinical evidence of distant metastases by history, physical examination, imaging studies, or invasive procedures, but without microscopic evidence of the presumed distant metastases.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging#Pathological_M_Categorization_.28cM_and_pM.29
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM1a (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM1a (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ based on clinical assessment.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM1b (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM1b (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum based on clinical assessment.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pM1 (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pM1 (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is microscopic evidence confirming distant metastatic disease.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pM1a (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pM1a (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ and histologically confirmed.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pM1b (colon)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pM1b (colon)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum and histologically confirmed.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM0 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM0 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM1 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM1 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM1a (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM1a (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is based on clinical assessment and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM1b (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM1b (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases based on clinical assessment.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pM1 (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pM1 (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pM1a (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pM1a (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is histologically confirmed and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pM1b (lung)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pM1b (lung)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed and associated with distant lymph nodes or carcinomatosis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM0 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM0 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM1 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM1 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pM1 (kidney)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pM1 (kidney)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM0 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM0 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

cM1 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cM1 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis based on clinical assessment.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

pM1 (ovary)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pM1 (ovary)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis that is histologically confirmed.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a small carcinoma, either asymptomatic or giving rise to metastases without symptoms due to the primary carcinoma.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Occult Carcinoma
definition source: http://www.medilexicon.com/dictionary/14371
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 0 (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 0 (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 0
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage I (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage I (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers that are smaller or less deeply invasive without regional disease or nodes.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage I
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIA (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIA (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIB and IIC.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIA
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIB (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIB (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIC.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIB
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIC (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIC (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIB.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIC
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIB and IIIC.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIIA
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIC.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIIB
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIB.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIIC
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IVA (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IVA (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVB.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IVA
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IVB (AJCC 7th)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IVB (AJCC 7th)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVA.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IVB
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IA (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IA (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating invasive carcinoma which can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with deepest invasion <5 mm and the largest extension <7 mm.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IA
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IA1 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IA1 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of <3.0 mm in depth and extension of <7.0 mm.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IA1
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IA2 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IA2 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of >3.0 mm and not >5.0 mm with an extension of not >7.0 mm.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IA2
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IB (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IB (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesions limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IB
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IB1 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IB1 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA <4.0 cm in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IB1
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IB2 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IB2 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA >4.0 cm in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IB2
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIA (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIA (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIA
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIA1 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIA1 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIA1
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIA2 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIA2 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIA2
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIB (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIB (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIB
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIIA (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIIA (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating tumour involves lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIIA
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IIIB (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IIIB (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IIIB
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IVA (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IVA (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread of the growth to adjacent organs.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IVA
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage IVB (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage IVB (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread to distant organs.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage IVB
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 1 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 1 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1, N0, and M0.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 1
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 1A (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 1A (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1a, N0, and M0.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 1A
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 1B (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 1B (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1b, N0, and M0.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 1B
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 1C (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 1C (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1c, N0, and M0.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 1C
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 2 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 2 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2, N0, and M0.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 2
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 2A (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 2A (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2a, N0, and M0.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 2A
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 2B (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 2B (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2b, N0, and M0.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 2B
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 2C (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 2C (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2c, N0, and M0.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 2C
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 3 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 3 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3, N0, and M0) or (T3,3a,3b, NX, and M0).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 3
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 3A (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 3A (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3a, N0, and M0 .
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 3A
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 3B (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 3B (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3b, N0, and M0 .
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 3B
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 3C (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 3C (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3c, N0,X and M0) or (any T, N1 and M0).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 3C
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage 4 (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage 4 (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of any T, any N, and M1.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage 4
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Stage Unknown (FIGO)
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: Stage Unknown (FIGO)
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T0, N0, and M0) or (T1,1a-1c,2,2a-2c, NX, and M0) or (TX, N0,X, M0).
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
alternative term: Stage Unknown
definition source: https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and in bed for more than 50% of the day but is not bed ridden.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is in bed for less than 50% of the day.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

4: bed ridden
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 4: bed ridden
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and is bed ridden.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

0: asymptomatic
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 0: asymptomatic
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is asymptomatic.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is fully ambulatory.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

100: asymptomatic
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 100: asymptomatic
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is asymptomatic.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but fully ambulatory.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: 40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden.
term editor: Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis
definition source: NCI BBRB, OBI
ontology term requester: NCI BBRB

Oxford Nanopore Technologies
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Oxford Nanopore Technologies
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An organization that is developing and selling nanopore sequencing products and is based in the UK.
term editor: James A. Overton
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Nanopore_Technologies

BioGents
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: BioGents
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An organization that manufactures mosquito traps and other mosquito control products.
term editor: John Judkins
definition source: WEB:https://eu.biogents.com/about-biogents/

Abbott
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: Abbott
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A manufacturer of rapid point-of-care assay devices.
term editor: John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902
definition source: WEB:https://www.globalpointofcare.abbott/en/about.html
term tracker item: https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456

J. Mitra
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: J. Mitra
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic assay kits in India.
term editor: John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902
definition source: WEB:https://jmitra.co.in/about-us/
term tracker item: https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456

InBios
type: NamedIndividual
type: manufacturer
editor preferred term: InBios
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A manufacturer that specializes in in vitro diagnostic devices designed to test for infectious diseases.
term editor: John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902
definition source: WEB:https://inbios.com/about/
term tracker item: https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456

meter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: meter
definition: A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
alternative term: m
imported from: uo.owl

kilogram
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: kilogram
definition: A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France.
alternative term: kg
imported from: uo.owl

second
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: second
definition: A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.
alternative term: s
alternative term: sec
imported from: uo.owl

centimeter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: centimeter
definition: A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m.
alternative term: cm
imported from: uo.owl

micrometer
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: micrometer
definition: A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m.
alternative term: um
imported from: uo.owl

nanometer
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: nanometer
definition: A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m.
alternative term: nm
imported from: uo.owl

angstrom
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: angstrom
definition: A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m.
imported from: uo.owl

gram
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: gram
definition: A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg.
alternative term: g
imported from: uo.owl

milligram
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: milligram
definition: A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g.
alternative term: mg
imported from: uo.owl

microgram
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: microgram
definition: A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g.
alternative term: ug
imported from: uo.owl

nanogram
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: nanogram
definition: A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g.
alternative term: ng
imported from: uo.owl

picogram
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: picogram
definition: A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g.
alternative term: pg
imported from: uo.owl

degree Celsius
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: degree Celsius
definition: A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K.
alternative term: C
alternative term: degree C
imported from: uo.owl

minute
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: minute
definition: A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds.
alternative term: min
imported from: uo.owl

hour
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: hour
definition: A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes.
alternative term: h
alternative term: hr
imported from: uo.owl

day
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: day
definition: A time unit which is equal to 24 hours.
imported from: uo.owl

week
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: week
definition: A time unit which is equal to 7 days.
imported from: uo.owl

month
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: month
definition: A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days.
imported from: uo.owl

year
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: year
definition: A time unit which is equal to 12 months which is science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days.
imported from: uo.owl

micromole
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: micromole
definition: A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol.
alternative term: umol
imported from: uo.owl

nanomole
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: nanomole
definition: A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol.
alternative term: nmol
imported from: uo.owl

picomole
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: picomole
definition: A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol.
alternative term: pmol
imported from: uo.owl

molar
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: molar
definition: A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).
alternative term: M
imported from: uo.owl

millimolar
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: millimolar
definition: A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M.
alternative term: mM
imported from: uo.owl

micromolar
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: micromolar
definition: A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M.
alternative term: uM
imported from: uo.owl

nanomolar
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: nanomolar
definition: A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M.
alternative term: nM
imported from: uo.owl

picomolar
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: picomolar
definition: A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M.
alternative term: pM
imported from: uo.owl

cubic centimeter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cubic centimeter
definition: A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml.
alternative term: cc
imported from: uo.owl

milliliter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: milliliter
definition: A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter.
alternative term: ml
imported from: uo.owl

liter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: liter
definition: A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter.
alternative term: L
imported from: uo.owl

cubic decimeter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: cubic decimeter
definition: A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L.
imported from: uo.owl

microliter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: microliter
definition: A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L.
alternative term: ul
imported from: uo.owl

nanoliter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: nanoliter
definition: A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L.
alternative term: nl
imported from: uo.owl

picoliter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: picoliter
definition: A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L.
alternative term: pl
imported from: uo.owl

hertz
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: hertz
definition: A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second.
imported from: uo.owl

volume percentage
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: volume percentage
definition: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution.
alternative term: % v/v
alternative term: percent vol per vol
imported from: uo.owl

gram per liter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: gram per liter
definition: A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters.
alternative term: g per L
alternative term: g/L
imported from: uo.owl

milligram per milliliter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: milligram per milliliter
definition: A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters.
alternative term: mg per ml
alternative term: mg/ml
imported from: uo.owl

degree Fahrenheit
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: degree Fahrenheit
definition: A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius.
imported from: uo.owl

pH
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: pH
definition: A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+).
imported from: uo.owl

milliliter per liter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: milliliter per liter
definition: A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution.
alternative term: ml per L
alternative term: ml/l
imported from: uo.owl

gram per deciliter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: gram per deciliter
definition: A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters.
alternative term: g/dl
imported from: uo.owl

colony forming unit per volume
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: colony forming unit per volume
definition: A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume.
imported from: uo.owl

microliters per minute
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: microliters per minute
definition: A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute.
imported from: uo.owl

count per nanomolar second
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: count per nanomolar second
definition: A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second.
imported from: uo.owl

count per molar second
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: count per molar second
definition: A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second.
imported from: uo.owl

count per nanomolar
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: count per nanomolar
definition: A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar.
imported from: uo.owl

count per molar
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: count per molar
definition: A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar.
imported from: uo.owl

microgram per liter
type: NamedIndividual
editor preferred term: microgram per liter
definition: A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters.
alternative term: ng/ml
alternative term: ug/L
imported from: uo.owl

DIGIT RUBBER project
type: NamedIndividual
description: https://material-digital.de/project/12

DIPONI project
type: NamedIndividual
description: https://material-digital.de/project/30

InSuKa project
type: NamedIndividual
description: https://material-digital.de/project/22

Lars Vogt
type: NamedIndividual
type: PMD_0000881
affiliation: TIB – Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology and University Library

TIB – Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology and University Library
type: NamedIndividual
type: organization
affiliation: Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) @de

bravais lattice triclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bainite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

austenite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

ferrite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

ledeburite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

pearlite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

widmanstatten structure
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

martensite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state solid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds between entities transmit shear forces.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state liquid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds of the entities transmit no shear force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state gaseous
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the entities have no bonding.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state plasma
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An aggregate state where the entities are atom nuclei and have no bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state atom gas
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state supercritical fluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with strong bindings between entities that do not transmit shear force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state mesomorphic
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state suprafluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entities.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state suprasolid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

short range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features up to a few entities

medium range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features of many entities

long range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features of virtually all entities

no range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: no periodic arrangement of structural features of entites

out of scope
definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77

Axiom
annotated source: mole fraction
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia

Axiom
annotated source: mass percentage
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia

Axiom
annotated source: mass volume percentage
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture.
has cross-reference: UOC:GVG

dc:license

Thing
definition: The class of OWL individuals.
contributor: Akhilesh Vyas

Martin Glauer

Jörg Waitelonis

Fabian Neuhaus

Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi

Bernd Bayerlein

Markus Schilling

Henk Birkholz

Simon Stier

Thomas Hanke

Kostiantyn Hubaiev

Philipp von Hartrott

inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
comment: If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this.
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has negative regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has positive regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

effector input is compound function input
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: eff
  argument2: in
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: mf
  argument2: in

Input of effector is input of its parent MF
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: mf
  argument2: in
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: eff
  argument2: in

Imp
comment: if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2

Imp
comment: if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2

if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2