2023-06-01T00:00:00 TIB (2023): DigitRubber Ontology. An ontology demonstrating rich ontology for rubber extrusion. PURL: http://www.purl.org/OntoMeta/DigitRubberOntology. 2023-06-01T00:00:00 DigitRubber Ontology The DIGIT RUBBER Ontology (DRO) is used to represent data, information, and knowledge relating to rubber and rubber production. 2025-09-25T00:00:00 DigitRubber Ontology active DRO The DIGIT RUBBER ontology is aimed at anyone who wants to semantically annotate knowledge and data related to rubber. 11:05:2026 19:38 v2025-September-25 2026-05-11 A description of changes between last version and current version of the ontology. DRO The DigitRubber ontology aplies OWL2 EL (cf. https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-profiles-20121211/#OWL_2_EL) BFO OWL specification label BFO CLIF specification label NoSubclassAssignedBasedOnCoarseClassificationFound editor preferred term example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage example of usage has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition definition textual definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note term editor alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user curator note the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item ontology term requester imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to OBO foundry unique label elucidation has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) has ontology root term has axiom label Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by ISA alternative term An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org). Requested by Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3603413&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person: Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran Person: Philippe Rocca-Serra ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org) ISA alternative term IEDB alternative term An alternative term used by the IEDB. PERSON:Randi Vita, Jason Greenbaum, Bjoern Peters IEDB IEDB alternative term An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation defined by inverse logical macro assertion on an annotation property relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y The general property hierarchy is: "directly P" SubPropertyOf "P" Transitive(P) Where we have an annotation assertion "directly P" "is direct form of" "P" If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' is direct form of is indirect form of If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive 2018-03-14T00:03:16Z is positive form of 2018-03-14T00:03:24Z is negative form of pallavi.karanth 2024-06-18T12:16:04.905908Z preliminary broad class assigned valid_for_go_annotation_extension valid_for_go_gp2term IUPAC NAME Preliminary entries Annotated by 3rd party Manually annotated by ChEBI Team smile Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Contributor creator date description Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom. A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Language Language A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. Source Source description Mark Miller 2018-05-11T13:47:29Z dcterms:license license title date has_alternative_id disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI. 2024-03-18 database cross reference has cross-reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has exact synonym has_exact_synonym has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym An identifier for an individual entity id in_subset obo-source comment is defined by label label see also versionInfo has close match Indicates whether the ontology element is part of the minimal profile of the ontology. Useful for modularization, simplified views, or lightweight implementations. isInMinimalProfile https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/121 An editor note referring to a pattern which shows the usage of this class or property. pattern example A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request. hijacked from http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00020426 term tracker annotation abbreviation A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice. "DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid" is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process has realization realized in b has realization c =Def c realizes b As for realizes realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by b preceded by c =Def b precedes c The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death. occurs in b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank exists at (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000 has occurrent part b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday has proper occurrent part b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical As for has occurrent part. has temporal part b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b Your life has temporal part the first year of your life occurrent part of (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match "occurrent part of" is not a BFO2020 temporalized relation. It just restricts the domain and range to "occurrent". That's why is should be OK to make it sub property of RO "part of" proper temporal part of b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c) As for temporal part of. proper occurrent part of b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical As for occurrent part of. temporal part of b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies) Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game temporally projects onto (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle true has proper temporal part b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b As for has temporal part. environs b environs c =Def c occurs in b Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic history of (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c This life is the history of this organism has history b has history c =Def c history of b This organism has history this life occupies temporal region p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 occupies spatiotemporal region (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory first instant of t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday has first instant t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31 last instant of t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday has last instant t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31 intended to realize has measurement unit label This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named. A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan denotes m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes. From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality. From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input. This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. is quality measurement of inverse of the relation 'denotes' denoted by inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship is quality measured as A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality. is quality specification of inverse of the relation of is quality specification of 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship quality is specified as has_specified_input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage The inverse property of is specified input of The inverse property of is_specified_input_of 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has specified input has_specified_input is_specified_input_of some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is specified input of is_specified_input_of has_specified_output has_specified_output The inverse property of is specified output of The inverse property of is_specified_output_of PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has specified output has_specified_output http://www.affymetrix.com/products/arrays/specific/hgu133.affx is_manufactered_by http://www.affymetrix.com/ (if we decide to use these URIs for the actual entities) c is_manufactured_by o means that there was a process p in which c was built in which a person, or set of people or machines did the work(bore the "Manufacturer Role", and those people/and or machines were members or of directed by the organization to do this. is_manufactured_by is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is specified output of is_specified_output_of achieves_planned_objective A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective' This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. BP, AR, PPPB branch PPPB branch derived modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch achieves_planned_objective https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Amaterialdigital%2Fcore-ontology+path%3A%2F%5Epatterns%5C%2F%2F+OBI_0000417&type=code objective_achieved_by This relation obtains between an objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process. OBI OBI objective_achieved_by A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about. specifies value of has value specification A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value. A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value. PERSON: James A. Overton OBI has value specification inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes. A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives into my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location of my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located in A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time. t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates (process to process) positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in capable of part of Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with Allen starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. starts with inverse of ends with ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. ends with p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. has output A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. causally upstream of, negative effect a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables enabled by inverse of regulates regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member inverse of has input input of inverse of has output output of inverse of upstream of causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material. A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic. assay measures characteristic Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic' characteristic measured by assay The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. pg 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. pg 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively regulates characteristic relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes) AGB executes is subject of Inverse of 'is about'. has process attribute has process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000500 A relation between a process and a process attribute that depends on it. Tensile testing process has process attribute tensile rate has state relates an anchor continuant to a temporally qualified continuant that represents a specific temporal phase of its existence. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185 is state of relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of specified by value A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity. complies with entspricht complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to. in response to inverse of responds with responds with The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response. interacts with A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants. causally influences An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse.. Despite has characteristic from RO does not have any domain constraints, it is still not possible to directly connect an instance of a process with an instance of a SDC. First, SDC is dependent on a IC. As RO does not have "bearer of" object property, the "has characteristic" implies that the domain should be an IC. Second, characteristic of is a functional property. Thus, two triples SDC_1 characteristc of IC_1 and SDC_2 characteristc of Process_1 (where IC_1 participates in Process_1), cannot exist simultaneously. An example of such case can be "Temperature of during the annealing process was 1000°C". Temperature is an SDC of some participant of the annealing, however it is not clear whether it is an SDC of an oven or of a sample in the oven. If we assert triple Annealing--> has characteristic --> Temperature 1000°C, then the correct triple connecting temperature SDC with either oven or specimen cannot exist. refers to a relation between a process attribute and an SDC of some participant in a process a relation to between a process attribute an a SDC of some participant in a process. process attribute of A relation between a process attribute and a process, which "bears" the attribute. Tensile rate is a process attribute of tensile test changes quality indicates that a process changes a quality has relational quality a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a relational quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence material has relational quality mass proportion m, and portion of iron has the same relational quality mass proportion m The 'relational quality of' is more strict that 'quality of' from RO, since domain is 'relational quality'. The motivtion to introduce an object property for relational qualities is the following: RO's 'quality of' is functional i.e., a->b, a->c => b=c. The functionality is relevant for most of the SDC -> IC triples, expect for relational qualities, which per definiton can be simultaneously inherited in >=2 ICs. Thus, 'relational quality of' has the same intention to connect SDC to IC, however, without cardinality constraints. relational quality of a relation between a relational quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of material, and the same mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of portion of iron A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it. A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning. OBI has specified numeric value A relation between a value specification and a literal. This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject. OBI has specified value en fecha-tiempo XSD in XSD Date-Time Posición de un instante, expresado utilizando xsd:dateTime. Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:dateTime A relation between an information content entity and its specific url. has url has value data property that relates an information content entity to a literal has parameter position specifies the position of a parameter in a programming function has default literal value specifies a default value Determining the number or amount of something. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25463 information content entity true English 19.08.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl count tempdef: A sample is a role that is played by an object of interest in an investigation used to obtain generalizable information about the sample source. defprov: Daniel Schober false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Probe sample true The determination of the spectral absorbance of a solution. This method is often used to determine the concentration of a chemical in a solution. [CHMO] http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/process#AFP_0002309 plan specification true English 17.08.2022 http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/ colorimetry A datum that has non-negative integer values that is about the number of discrete things. [Allotrope] http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/result#AFR_0000984 information content entity true English 17.08.2022 allotrope count A concentration (datum) is a quantification facet that quantifies a quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. [Allotrope] http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/result#AFR_0002036 quality true English 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/ concentration datum A planned process that has specified output a software product and that involves the creation of source code. Mathias Brochhausen William R. Hogan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development A planned process resulting in a software product involving the creation of source code. false software development creating a data set A planned process that has a data set as its specified output. William R. Hogan data set creation dataset creation false dataset creating entity (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem continuant (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature occurrent (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant. independent continuant b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra spatial region (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region temporal region (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region two-dimensional spatial region (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space spatiotemporal region (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite process (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] false disposition (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways realizable entity (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity zero-dimensional spatial region (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole quality (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] false role (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target fiat object part (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body one-dimensional spatial region (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space object aggregate (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank three-dimensional spatial region (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time site (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist object (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube generically dependent continuant (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity process boundary p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life one-dimensional temporal region (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts The temporal region during which a process occurs An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings continuant fiat boundary (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface immaterial entity b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site fiat line (Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin relational quality b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another fiat surface (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant fiat point (Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system zero-dimensional temporal region (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident history (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence temporal interval (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks The year 2018. temporal instant (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part The millennium Any form of carbon black which has a particle size of less than 100 nm in each dimension. false PMCID:PMC3190904 PMID:21525001 PMID:22753103 PMID:24078381 PMID:24283474 PMID:25056782 PMID:25071917 PMID:25184212 PMID:25451823 PMID:25833640 PMID:25966413 PMID:26066782 PMID:26551751 PMID:26914170 PMID:27460290 PMID:27534448 chebi_ontology carbon black nanoparticles CHEBI:133602 carbon black nanoparticle An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included. metalloid atom fluoride A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. false -1 CN InChI=1S/CN/c1-2/q-1 XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 26.01740 26.00362 [C-]#N CHEBI:14038 CHEBI:3969 CHEBI:41780 Beilstein:1900509 CAS:57-12-5 Gmelin:89 HMDB:HMDB0002084 KEGG:C00177 MetaCyc:CPD-13584 PDBeChem:CYN PMID:11386635 PMID:14871577 PMID:17554165 PMID:7839575 Reaxys:1900509 Wikipedia:Cyanide Cyanide cyanide nitridocarbonate(1-) chebi_ontology CN(-) CN- CYANIDE ION Prussiate Zyanid CHEBI:17514 cyanide An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. iron atom manganese atom A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114. flerovium atom A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113. nihonium atom A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115. moscovium atom A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116. livermorium atom A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117. tennessine atom A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118. oganesson atom A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. false Anion anion chebi_ontology Anionen aniones anions CHEBI:22563 anion bromine atom cadmium atom calcium atom chlorine atom Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. false molecular entity chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity molecular entity fluorine atom A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. false chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity chemical entity chemische Entität A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl false Luis Ramos English 26.08.2022 26.08.2022 CHEBI:24433 CHEBI Gruppe [chebi] group group A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. false chebi_ontology organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound Chemical element with atomic number 53. iodine atom A molecular entity having a net electric charge. false Ion ion chebi_ontology Ionen iones ions CHEBI:24870 ion lead atom magnesium atom mercury atom Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. false molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule nitrogen atom nonmetal atom Any organic ion with a net negative charge. false chebi_ontology organic anions CHEBI:25696 organic anion false chebi_ontology organic ions CHEBI:25699 organic ion oxygen atom potassium atom sodium atom sulfur atom false sulfur molecular entity chebi_ontology sulfur molecular entities CHEBI:26835 sulfur molecular entity tin atom uranium atom A zinc group element atom that has formula Zn. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27363 material entity true English 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/efo.owl zinc zinc atom boron atom arsenic atom selenium atom silicon atom carbon atom A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. cobalt atom vanadium atom tungsten A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. chromium atom Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. nickel atom phosphorus atom molybdenum atom copper atom A polymer consisting of cis-linked prenyl units. false 0 (C5H8)n.H2 CHEBI:26584 CHEBI:8905 KEGG:C02321 Rubber particle Rubber particle chebi_ontology Rubber Rubber Rubber (all-cis) Rubber (all-cis) CHEBI:28798 rubber particle A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. true English 26.04.2026 26.04.2026 Stearinsäure stearic acid aluminium atom gold atom ethylene group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29853 false dik 21.05.2022 Ethylidengruppe ethylidene group lithium atom A boron oxide with formula B<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>. diboron trioxide aluminium oxide helium atom astatine atom A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin <em>indicum</em>) blue line in its flame spectrum. indium atom A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot). thallium atom germanium atom tellurium atom Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. beryllium atom silver atom antimony atom caesium atom A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens. silicon dioxide ruthenium atom osmium atom A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. calcium oxide sodium hydroxide barium atom europium atom Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. false English 26.08.2022 26.08.2022 organic group organische-Gruppe A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. false chebi_ontology homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. false CHEBI:23010 CHEBI:25714 Wikipedia:Organosulfur_compounds organosulfur compound chebi_ontology organosulfur compounds CHEBI:33261 organosulfur compound An anion consisting of more than one atom. false chebi_ontology polyatomic anions CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. false chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity bismuth atom A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. false pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chalcogen Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. false chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity neon atom A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin <em>Polonia</em>). polonium atom radon atom lanthanoid atom rubidium atom francium atom strontium atom radium atom scandium atom yttrium atom lanthanum atom actinium atom titanium atom zirconium atom hafnium atom niobium atom rutherfordium atom tantalum atom dubnium atom seaborgium atom technetium atom bohrium atom hassium atom A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45. rhodium atom meitnerium atom Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. palladium platinum darmstadtium A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281. roentgenium atom cerium neodymium atom promethium atom samarium atom gadolinium atom terbium atom dysprosium atom erbium thulium atom ytterbium lutetium atom thorium protactinium atom neptunium atom plutonium atom americium atom curium atom berkelium atom californium atom einsteinium atom fermium mendelevium atom nobelium lawrencium atom false CAS:7440-44-0 CAS:82600-58-6 Gmelin:8868 chebi_ontology carbon CHEBI:33415 elemental carbon A bivalent group formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from a hydrocarbon, the free valencies of which are not engaged in a double bond. false English 23.10.2023 26.08.2022 hydrocarbylene group hydrocarbylene groups groupe hydrocarbylene grupo hidrocarbileno grupos hidrocarbileno hydrocarbylene group A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010. copernicium atom An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. metal atom A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. false chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity false carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. Wikipedia:Cyclic_compound chebi_ontology cyclic compounds CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity chebi_ontology aromatics aromatische Verbindungen CHEBI:33655 aromatic compound false chebi_ontology organic aromatic compounds CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. false chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. false chebi_ontology organic cyclic compounds CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). false heteroarenes chebi_ontology hetarenes CHEBI:33833 heteroarene A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. macromolecule Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. false organonitrogen compounds chebi_ontology organonitrogens CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound Compounds of structure RSSR in which R and R' are organic groups. false 0 S2R2 64.13000 63.94414 [*]SS[*] disulfides chebi_ontology an organic disulfide organic disulfides CHEBI:35489 organic disulfide Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. false chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity An ion consisting of more than one atom. false chebi_ontology polyatomic ions CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion false pseudohalide ions chebi_ontology pseudohalide anions pseudohalides pseudohalogen anion pseudohalogen ion CHEBI:36828 pseudohalide anion false chebi_ontology polyatomic monoanions CHEBI:36829 polyatomic monoanion false -1 chebi_ontology monoanions CHEBI:36830 monoanion An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. false organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound tetraphosphorus decaoxide Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. false chebi_ontology heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound false chebi_ontology heterocyclic organosulfur compounds organosulfur heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:38106 organosulfur heterocyclic compound false chebi_ontology monocyclic heteroarenes CHEBI:38179 monocyclic heteroarene false CHEBI:26949 CHEBI:38417 1,3-thiazoles chebi_ontology CHEBI:38418 1,3-thiazoles Compounds of structure RSSR'. false chebi_ontology disulfides CHEBI:48343 disulfide An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom. false chebi_ontology thiazole CHEBI:48901 thiazoles argon atom A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin <em>Gallia</em>) and perhaps also from the Latin <em>gallus</em> cock, a translation of Lecoq. gallium atom hydrogen atom holmium atom iridium atom krypton atom praseodymium atom rhenium atom xenon atom A nanometre sized object. false chebi_ontology nanoestructura CHEBI:50795 nanostructure A nanosized spherical or capsule-shaped structure. false chebi_ontology NP Nanoteilchen nanoparticles nanoparticula nanoparticule CHEBI:50803 nanoparticle false chebi_ontology carbon nanostructures CHEBI:50812 carbon nanostructure Any molecular entity that contains carbon. false CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). false English 23.10.2023 26.08.2022 organodiyl groups organodiyl group false Lars Vogt English 23.10.2023 CHEBI:51446 CHEBI organic divalent group A homopolymer macromolecule composed of units connected by carbamate (-O-CO-NH-) linkages. polyurethane macromolecule A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound chebi_ontology compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds CHEBI:5686 heterocyclic compound A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. false chebi_ontology Chemische Substanz Chemische Substanz CHEBI:59999 Frequently used for fluidic portions of matter and/or in the context of chemical reactions. Boundary to material not always sharp. chemical substance chemical substance chemische Substanz A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind. pure substance Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. In contrast, salt water 'has part' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'has part' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements. true A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. false chebi_ontology Mischung Mischung CHEBI:60004 Mischung mixture Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. false Wikipedia:Azole chebi_ontology azoles CHEBI:68452 azole Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. false chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule Any compound used as a monomer for a polymerisation process. The term is generally used in relation to industrial polymerisation processes. polymerisation monomer Any compound that is used as an additive to increase the plasticity or fluidity of a substance, particularly but not exclusively to synthetic polymers. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_79056 material entity true English 22.08.2022 22.08.2022 plasticiser plasticizer weichmacher An inorganic lead salt composed from lead(2+) and oxide. lead oxide An organic anion in which the charge resides on a sulfur atom. false chebi_ontology organic sulfur anions CHEBI:84291 organic sulfur anion Any organic sulfur anion resulting from the removal of a proton from any N-substituted dithiocarbamic acid. false -1 CNS2R2 90.14800 89.94722 [S-]C(=S)N([*])[*] chebi_ontology CHEBI:84292 dithiocarbamate anions true A type of atomic emission spectrometry where a high energy laser pulse is used to generate a plasma which acts as the excitation source. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000258 plan specification true English 19.08.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chmo.owl laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy A process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile by forcing or drawing a material through a die. false English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 Extrudieren [chmo] extrusion [chmo] The combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state. The mixing may be achieved manually or mechanically by shifting the material with stirrers or pumps or by revolving or shaking the container. The process μst not permit segregation of particles of different size or properties. Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system. [ https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03945 ] false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Mischen [chmo] mixing [chmo] Experimental method output expressing the contribution of one constituent to the composition of a mixture. (chmo defined) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0002820 quality true English 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chmo.owl concentration output completely executed planned process A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification. planned process failed planned process A site that is a designated region within a technical device where a specific function of the device is realized. Modelled as a subclass of Site because industrial 'zones' are typically functional subdivisions rather than physically separated parts. device section English 24.09.2025 24.09.2025 Examples include feeding zone, compression zone, pin zone, and metering zone of an extruder. Gerätezone device zone A device zone that is part of an extruder and in which a sub-process of extrusion occurs. extruder section English 24.09.2025 24.09.2025 Examples include feeding zone, compression zone, pin zone, and metering zone of an extruder. Extruderzone extruder zone In relation to optical measuring methods, a rating for the precision of a reconstructed measurement object. quality true imr 18.08.2022 31.3.2022 measurement quality quality true imr 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 geometry A coherent set of direct positions in space. The positions are held within a Spatial Reference System (SRS). http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Geometry quality true English 18.08.2022 31.3.2022 geometry true geometrical method to determine distances between to points plan specification true imr 15.1.2026 31.3.2022 triangulation uppermost layer of the extrudate true imr 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 surface of extrudate quality true imr 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 distance between sensor and extrudate ideal dimensions and shape of the extrudate defined by the manufacturer information content entity imr 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 extrudate norm "The camera coordinate system has its origin at the perspective centre of the image. It is further defined by reference features fixed in the camera (fiducial marks, réseau, sensor system). It can therefore be reconstructed from the image and related to an image measuring device" (Luhmann et al. 2020: 278) Luhmann, Robson, Kyle & Boehm (2020): Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging, 3rd ed. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston quality true jade 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 camera coordinate system "The exterior orientation consists of six parameters which describe the spatial position and orientation of the camera coordinate system with respect to the global object coordinate system" (Luhmann et al. 2020: 277) Luhmann, Robson, Kyle & Boehm (2020): Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging, 3rd ed. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston information content entity jade 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 exterior orientation "The photogrammetric determination of the parameters of interior orientation is usually referred to as calibration. This is based on the idea that once a mechanically stable camera is calibrated, it may be moved from one image taking location to another whilst retaining its calibration." (Luhmann, Robson et al. 2020: 170) Luhmann, Robson, Kyle & Boehm (2020): Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging, 3rd ed. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston quality true jade 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 camera calibration true "Bundle adjustment [...] is a method for the simultaneous numerical fit of an unlimited number of spatially distributed images (bundles of rays). It makes use of photogrammetric observations (measured image points), survey observations and an object coordinate system. Using tie points, single images are merged into a global model in which the object surface can be reconstructed in three dimensions." (Luhmann et al. 2020: 349f.) bundle block adjustment bundle triangulation multi-image orientation multi-image triangulation Luhmann, Robson, Kyle & Boehm (2020): Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3D Imaging, 3rd ed. De Gruyter: Berlin, Boston plan specification true jade 15.1.2026 31.3.2022 bundle adjustment method An active power or cause (as principle, substance, physical or biological factor, etc.) that produces a specific effect. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C1708 role true English 22.08.2022 22.08.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl agent Elastomers are dimensionally stable but elastically deformable plastics. They are producest by vulcanization of rubber. material entity true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.9.2025 2023-04-02 Elastomere elastomer true Industry 4.0 is the intelligent networking of machines and processes in the industrial environment, with the help of information and communication technology and thus digitization of the industrial production. plan specification true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 2024-02-19T00:00:00 2023-04-02T00:00:00 Industrie 4.0 industry 4.0 Rubber is an elastic substance made either from the juice of particular tropical trees or artificially. It is raw material for car tires and other technical products. material entity true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 2024-02-19T00:00:00 2023-04-02T00:00:00 Kautschuk rubber Microcontrollers are compact integrated circuits designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. Typically a microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output peripherals on a single chip. material entity true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 2024-02-19T00:00:00 2023-04-02T00:00:00 Mikrocontroller microcontroller Online characterisation is the characterization of the material properties during the process and on the real process line in order to be able to react to fluctuations during production. process true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 2024-02-19T00:00:00 2023-04-02T00:00:00 Online-Charakterisierung online characterisation Online optimization is the adjustment of process parameters in the running process for process optimization. process true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 2024-02-19T00:00:00 2023-04-02T00:00:00 Online-Optimierung online optimization Rolling is the second of the three areas of the extrusion line. Where the material is homogenised. process true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 2024-02-16T00:00:00 2023-04-02T00:00:00 Walzen rolling Twin screw extruders have two screws, which have more shear and mixing capability than the single screw in a singel screw extruder. Depending on the direction of rotation of the screws, a distinction is made between counter-rotating and co-rotating twin-screw extruders. material entity true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.09.2025 2023-04-02 Zweischneckenextruder twin screw extruder Control variable that specifies at which temperature mixing takes place. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19-02-2024 02-04-2023 Mischungstemperatur mixing temperature Rücksprache DIK quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.2.2024 02.4.2023 Stemepeldruck stamp pressure Control variable that indicates how high the rotational speed of the extruder screw is. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 2024-02-19T00:00:00 2023-04-02T00:00:00 Schneckendrezahl screw speed Screw torque is a measured variable that indicates how high the torque of the screw is during extrusion. quality true Sebastian Leineweber ita English 19.2.2024 02.4.2023 Schneckendrehmoment screw torque Control variable for setting the temperature of the screw. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.2.2024 02.4.2023 Temperierung Schnecke tempering screw Control variable for setting the temperature of the feed roller. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.2.2024 02.4.2023 Temperierung Speisewalze tempering feed roller Control variable for setting the temperature of the cylinder. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.2.2024 02.4.2023 Temperierung Zylinder tempering cylinder Measured variable that indicates how high the pressure in the cylinder is during extrusion. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 2024-02-19T00:00:00 2023-04-02T00:00:00 Zylinderdruck cylinder pressure Control variable for setting the temperature of the tool. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.2.2024 02.4.2023 Temperiung Werkzeug tempering tool Measured variable that indicates how high is the pressure during extrusion. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 Werkzeugdruck extrusion pressure The outlet sourface of the extruder gives the extrudate its characteristic geometry. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19.02.2024 02-04-2023 Austrittsfläche outlet surface The extrusion throughput indicates how many kilograms of material are extruded in a given unit of time. quality true Sebastian Leineweber [ita] English 19-02-2024 02-04-2023 Extrusion throughput Extrusionsdurchsatz Cumulative expression for the value of overarching entity groups (e.g., human ressource, maintenance) within the system under study information content entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 cost group kostengruppe A cost group for all cost values occuring from entity sub-groups in the energy cost group and the associated factors information content entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr hsh 19.09.2025 31.03.2022 energiekosten energy cost A cost group for all cost values occuring from entity sub-groups in the material cost group and the associated factors information content entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr hsh 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 material cost materialkosten A cost group for the total sales value generated in a time period X by the system under investigation information content entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 turnover umsatz The basic materials from which a finished product is made in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity in the material cost and waste management cost group. material entity false Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 raw material rohmaterial Processed raw materials that are not used for final consumption but as input for the production of finished goods in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity in the material cost and waste management cost group. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 halbfabrikat semi-finished product The product that emerges at the end of the production process of the system under study. Constitutes an entity in the material cost, production cost, and waste management cost group. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 endprodukt finished product A person that operates some apparatus or machine. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C48036 role true English 22.08.2022 22.08.2022 operator operator An individual who is responsible for managing or operating a business, organization, team or department. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C134832 role true English 22.08.2022 22.08.2022 supervisor supervisor A person who supports an operator in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity of the human ressource and the production cost group. role true hsh 15.1.2026 31.3.2022 hilfskraft operational assistant A person who handles a company's incoming and outgoing raw materials, semi-finished prodcuts as well as finished products, and who manages stocks in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity of the human ressource and the storage cost group. role true hsh 15.1.2026 31.3.2022 lagerist warehouse clerk A person who monitors the quality of incoming and outgoing products or materials in the system under investigation. Constitutes an entity of the human ressource and the production cost group. role true hsh 15.1.2026 31.3.2022 quality inspector qualitätsprüfer The amount of electricity (kw/h) that is consumed by all entities in the system under investigation. Constitutes a factor of the energy cost, storage cost and production cost group. Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 energy consumption stromverbrauch Lars M Vogt English 31.09.2023 31.09.2023 deprecated class The amount of raw materials, semi-finished products or finished products passing through a machine entity in the time X in the system under investigation. information content entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 durchsatz throughput A machine that mixes polymers and additives in the manufacture of plastic and rubber products. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the machine entity. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 01.01.2024 01.01.2024 Knetmaschine banbury mixer A machine that assembles all components and semi-finished products to produce a tire. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the machine entity. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 reifenproduktionsmaschine tire-building machine A machine that combines a series of hard pressure rollers used to finish or smooth a sheet of rubber material. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the machine entity. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 01.01.2024 01.01.2024 Kalandar calandar An object shaped for repair and installation purposes, with the help of which something is processed or manufactured.Constitutes an entity sub-group of the wear parts entity. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 tool wekzeuge Any of several substances similar to natural rubber in properties and uses, produced synthetically. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the raw material entity. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 15.1.2026 31.3.2022 synthetic rubber synthetikkautschuk Material that is required to manipulate the properties of rubber products. Constitutes an entity sub-group of the raw material entity. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 filling material füllstoffe Material that is used to support the structure of rubber-based products (e.g., steel cords). Constitutes an entity subgroup of the raw material entity. material entity true Marvin Auf der Landwehr [hsh] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 reinforcing material verstärkungsmaterialien A graph presents a number of peaks, showing the intensity and wavelength position of the Raman scattered light, in which each peak corresponds to a specific molecular bond vibration. https://www.horiba.com/ind/raman-imaging-and-spectroscopy/ information content entity true Christoph Lenth [ifnano] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 raman spectrum true Fourier transform infrared involves the probing of matter with infrared radiation. It is based on periodic changes in dipole moments caused by molecular vibrations during the absorption of IR radiation and gives spectroscopic fingerprints. https://www.hamamatsu.com/eu/en/applications/analytical-equipment/infrared-spectroscopy.html plan specification true Yaman Alsalka (IFNANO) 31.03.2022 31.03.2022 Method FTIR spectroscopy true An attenuated total reflection accessory operates by measuring the changes that occur in a totally internally reflected infrared beam when the beam comes into contact with a sample. https://cmdis.rpi.edu/sites/default/files/ATR_FTIR.pdf plan specification true Yamen Alsalka (IFNANO) 31.03.2022 31.03.2022 Method ATR-FTIR ATR-FTIR Natural and synthetic rubber materials that are modified and shaped into rubber products through the rubber extrusion process. https://www.extrudedrubber.net/ material entity true Yamen Alsalka (IFNANO) 19.9.2025 31.03.2022 raw rubber samples The quantity of a substance per unit volume or weight; a measure of the amount of substance present in a unit amount of mixture, particularly, the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. The amounts can be expressed as moles, masses, volumes, or parts. (ncit defined) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C41185 quality true English 19.08.2022 31.3.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl concentration A quality of a sample in terms of homogenity, or the distribution of concentration of a specific component in a mixture, in a macroscopic body. Verteilungsgüte; homogenity quality true IFNANO:02_CQ; IFNANO:03_CQ Sven Schwabe (IFNANO) 06.04.2022 31.03.2022 distribution quality In Spectroscopy, peaks are features of a spectrum. A peak comprise a restricted region of a spectrum, which is absorbed or emitted with high intensity. It is defined as a local maximum in the spectrum. information content entity true IFNANO:01_CQ Sven Schwabe (IFNANO) 06.06.2023 31.03.2022 in Spectroscopy peak Unprocessed data obtained from spectrometric devices Rohspektrum information content entity true IFNANO:01_CQ Sven Schwabe (IFNANO) 06.04.2022 31.03.2022 raw spectrum Result of different mathematical processes conducted on raw Spectra. Processing steps include, e.g., normalization and baseline correction. bearbeitetes Spektrum; verarbeitetes Spektrum information content entity true IFNANO:01_CQ Sven Schwabe (IFNANO) 06.04.2022 31.03.2022 processed spectrum Measurement using photometry process true ifnano 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 photometric measurement process metadata that belong to a measurement. They complete the measurment data providing information about the condition under which the measurements have been taken place. information content entity true Christoph Lenth 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 measurement metadata true Measurement method using visible light to analyse the property of a substance plan specification true Christoph Lenth [ifnano] 06.06.2023 31.03.2022 photometry true The use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. plan specification true ifnano 15.1.2026 31.3.2022 digital image processing The information represented by one or more variables, which has to be predicted by data analysis in instrumental analytics information content entity true Christoph Lenth [ifnano] 19.09.2025 31.03.2022 analytical target true In terms of digtal image procession: correction methods to compensate image errors caused by lense distorsion or perspective. plan specification true Jan Geweke [ifnano] 15.1.2026 31.3.2022 geometry correction Asubstance which is capable of forming covalent bonds with a sequence of additional like or unlike molecules under the conditions of the relevant polymerforming reaction used for the particular process material entity true ifnano 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 monomer A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60027 material entity true English 19.08.2022 19.08.2022 Kunststoff http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl Polymer polymer The relative proportions of monomers that make up a particular chemical polymer (raw rubber). Christoph Lenth [ifnano] 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 polymer composition A material entity, which is part of a larger set of the same material entity Probe; Materialprobe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_(material) material entity true IFNANO:01_CQ; IFNANO:02_CQ Sven Schwabe (IFNANO) 06.04.2022 06.04.2022 for materials, sample is also a term used in statistics, graphics and other fileds sample Group of interlocked filler aggregates that are easily separated by normal rubber processing Verbund von zusammenhängenden Aggregaten, die bei normaler Kautschukverarbeitung leicht getrennt werden können false Alexander Aschemann [dik] DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 03.05.2022 03.05.2022 0 Füllstoffagglomerat filler agglomerate Rigid group of coalesced filler particles which is the smallest entity that can be dispersed by normal rubber processing Starre Gruppe von koaleszierten Partikeln, welche die kleinste Einheit ist, die bei normaler Kautschukverarbeitung dispergiert werden kann false Alexander Aschemann [dik] DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 03.05.2022 03.05.2022 Füllaggregat filler aggregate Kleinste erkennbare sphärische oder beinahe sphärische materielle Einheit, die als solche einzeln existieren kann Smallest discernible spherical or nearly spherical material entity which can exist separately Teilchen false Alexander Aschemann [dik] DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 23.10.2024 03.05.2022 Die Partikel bilden in der Regel Gruppen, die als Aggregate bezeichnet werden. Groups of particles are generally coalesced into aggregates. Partikel particle Natur- oder synthetischer Kautschuk, gewöhnlich in Ballen- oder Paketform, welcher das Ausgangsmaterial für die Herstellung von Gummiprodukten darstellt natural or synthetic rubber, usually in bales or packages, forming the starting material for the manufacture of rubber products unbehandelter Kautschuk virgin rubber false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 03.05.2022 03.05.2022 It is normally free from compounding ingredients but may also, for example, take the form of a masterbatch with oil and/or filler. Rohkautschuk ist normalerweise frei von Mischungsbestandteilen, kann jedoch zum Beispiel auch als Masterbatch mit Öl und/oder Füllstoff vorliegen. Rohkautschuk raw rubber Kautschuk, der durch nicht biologische Polymerisation eines oder mehrerer Monomere hergestellt wird rubber produced by non-biologically polymerizing one or more monomers false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 03.05.2022 03.05.2022 Synthesekautschuk synthetic rubber Kautschuk mit einer gesättigten Kohlenstoffkette vom Polymethylen-Typ Rubber with a saturated carbon chain of the polymethylene type false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English ISO 1629:2013(E) 04.05.2022 04.05.2022 M-Gruppe Kautschuk M-group rubber Terpolymer aus Ethylen, Propylen und einem Dien mit dem restlichen ungesättigten Anteil des polymerisierten Diens in der Seitenkette Terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene with the remaining unsaturated portion of the polymerized diene in the side chain false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English ISO 1629:2013(E) 03.05.2022 03.05.2022 EPDM Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-‎Kautschuk ethylene propylene diene rubber Kautschuktyp, der eine ungesättigte Kohlenstoffhauptkette hat, die zumeist auf Butadien oder substituiertem Butadien basiert type of rubber having an unsaturated carbon main chain derived mostly from butadiene or a substituted butadiene false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Dienkautschuk diene rubber Handelsname für ein spezifischen EPDM-Kautschuk Trade name for a specific EPDM rubber false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 04.05.2022 Keltan 5470C Keltan 5470C fester Mischungsbestandteil in Teilchenform, welcher aus technischen oder wirtschaftlichen Gründen zu einem relativ großen Anteil zu Kautschuk oder Kautschuklatex zugegeben werden kann solid compounding ingredient, in particulate form, which may be added in relatively large proportions to a polymer or rubber latex for technical or economic purposes false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Füllstoff filler An elemental carbon in the form of virtually pure colloidal particles that are produced by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons under controlled conditions. A black, finely divided pellet or powder, its properties of specific surface area, particle size and structure, conductivity and colour can be varied by varying the exact conditions for its production. It is used in tyres, rubber and plastic products, printing inks and coatings. false English 23.10.2023 24.08.2022 CAS:1333-86-4 KEGG:C19202 PMID:24291665 PMID:24669321 PMID:25071917 PMID:26803751 Wikipedia:Carbon_black Ruß carbon black Der Buchstabe "N" wird verwendet, um eine normale Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit anzugeben, die typisch ist für Furnace Blacks, die nicht speziell modifiziert wurden, um die Vulkanisierungsgeschwindigkeit zu ändern The letter “N” is used to indicate a normal curing rate typical of furnace blacks that have received no special modification to alter their influence on the rate of cure of rubber. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English ASTM D1765-10 05.05.2022 05.05.2022 N-Ruß N-carbon black Der Buchstabe "S" wird für Channel Blacks oder für Furnace Blacks verwendet, die so modifiziert wurden, dass sie die Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit verringern. The letter “S” is used for channel blacks or for furnace blacks that have been modified to effectively reduce the curing rate of rubber. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English ASTM D1765-10 05.05.2022 05.05.2022 S-Ruß S-carbon black An N carbon black with an average nitrogen surface area of 33 to 39 m²/g. Ein N-Ruß mit einer durchschnittlichen Stickstoff-Oberfläche von 33 bis 39 m²/g. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English ASTM D1765-10 05.05.2022 05.05.2022 N600-Carbon Black N600-Ruß Handelsname für ein spezifischen N600-Ruß Trade name for a specific N600-carbon black false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Corax N660 Corax N660 Mischungsbestandteil, welcher in geringen Mengen verwendet wird, um die Viskosität einer unvulkanisierten Kautschukmischung oder die Härte eines Vulkanisats zu verringern compounding ingredient used in small proportions to reduce the viscosity of an unvulcanized rubber mix or the hardness of a vulcanizate false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Weichmacher softener Prozessöl aus Kohlenwasserstoffen, das größtenteils oder vollständig aus Alkanen besteht hydrocarbon process oil, most or all of which is composed of alkanes false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Paraffinöl paraffinic oil Handelsname für ein spezifisches Paraffinöl Trade name for a specific paraffinic oil false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 ‎P460 ‎P460 hydrocarbon oil derived from petroleum or other sources and used as an extender or processing aid Öl auf Basis von Kohlenwasserstoffen, welches aus Erdöl oder anderen Quellen stammt und als Extender oder Verarbeitungshilfsmittel eingesetzt wird false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 process oil ‎Prozessöl‎ Mischungsbestandteil, der die Verarbeitbarkeit einer Kautschukmischung verbessert compounding ingredient which improves the processability of a rubber compound or mix false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Verarbeitungshilfsmittel processing aid Mischungsbestandteil zur Verzögerung einer alterungsbedingten Verschlechterung compounding ingredient used to retard deterioration by ageing false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Alterungsschutzmittel ist eine allgemeine Benennung für bestimmte Additive wie Antioxidantien, Ozonschutzmittel, Wachse und andere Schutzmittel. Antidegradant is a generic term for certain additives such as antioxidants, antiozonants, waxes and other protective materials. Alterungsschutzmittel antidegradant Handelsname für ein spezifisches Alterungsschutzmittel Trade name for a specific antidegradant false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Antilux 500‎ Antilux 500‎ false dik English 15.1.2026 3.5.2022 Zinkoxid zinc oxide Handelsname für ein spezifisches Zinkoxid Trade name for a specific zinc oxide false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Zinkoxid Rotsiegel zinkoxid rotsiegel Handelsname für eine spezifische Stearinsäure Trade name for a specific stearic acid false dik English 15.1.2026 3.5.2022 PALMERA B 1802-CG PALMERA B 1802-CG compounding ingredient used in small amounts with a vulcanizing agent to increase the speed of vulcanization and/or enhance the physical properties of the vulcanizate in kleinen Mengen mit einem Vulkanisationsmittel eingesetzter Mischungsbestandteil zur Beschleunigung der Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit und/oder Verbesserung der physikalischen Eigenschaften des Vulkanisates false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vulkanisationsbeschleuniger vulcanisation accelerator in einem Vulkanisationssystem verwendeter Hauptbeschleuniger principal accelerator used in a vulcanizing system false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Primärvulkanisationsbeschleuniger primary vulcanisation accelerator Beschleuniger, der in niedrigen Konzentrationen zusammen mit dem Erstbeschleuniger eingesetzt wird, um Vernetzungsgeschwindigkeit und Vulkanisateigenschaften zu optimieren accelerator used in low concentrations with the primary accelerator to optimize cure rate and vulcanizate properties Verstärker booster false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Zweitvulkanisationsbeschleuniger secondary vulcanisation accelerator An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl false Luis Ramos English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 CHEBI Di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfid di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfide Handelsname für ein spezifisches Di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfid Trade name for a specific di(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulfide false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 05.05.2022 05.05.2022 Vulkacit MBTS Vulkacit MBTS false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 20.10.2023 05.05.2022 Thiuram thiuram false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 05.05.2022 05.05.2022 TBzTD Tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfid tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfide Handelsname für ein spezifisches Tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfid Trade name for a specific tetrabenzylthiuramdisulfide false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Luvomaxx TbzTD Luvomaxx TbzTD A member of the class of dithiocarbamate anions resulting from the deprotonation of both of the dithiocarbamic acid moieties of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid). The major species at pH 7.3. ethylenebis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl false Luis Ramos English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 CHEBI Dithiocarbamat dithiocarbamate false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 20.10.2023 05.05.2022 ZBDC Zink-Dibenzyldithiocarbamat zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate Handelsname für ein spezifisches Zink-Dibenzyldithiocarbamat Trade name for a specific zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Rhenogran ‎ZBDC 80‎ Rhenogran ‎ZBDC 80‎ Mischungsbestandteil, der die Vernetzung des Kautschuks bewirkt compounding ingredient that produces crosslinking in rubber Vernetzer; Vernetzungsmittel curative; curing agent false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vulkanisationsmittel vulcanizing agent Kombination aus Vulkanisationsmittel und, falls erforderlich, Beschleunigern, Aktivatoren, Verzögerern, etc., die verwendet wird, um die gewünschte Vulkanisationscharakteristik und Vulkanisateigenschaften herzustellen combination of vulcanizing agent and, as required, accelerators, activators, retarders, etc., used to produce the desired vulcanization characteristics and vulcanizate properties false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vulkanisationssystem vulcanizing system Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine Kautschukmischung nach Einsetzen der initialen Vulkanisation weitervernetzt rate at which a rubber compound vulcanizes after having reached the point of incipient vulcanization Vulkanisationsgeschwindigkeit vulcanization rate quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vernetzungsgeschwindigkeit cure rate Mischungsbestandteil, eingesetzt zur Verringerung der Tendenz einer Kautschukmischung, vorzeitig zu vulkanisieren compounding ingredient used to reduce the tendency of a rubber compound to vulcanize prematurely false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Verzögerer retarder Sulfur is the chemical element of atomic number 16, a yellow combustible non-metal. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Schwefel sulfur A recipe used in the preparation of a rubber compound. Ein Rezept, das bei der Herstellung einer Gummimischung verwendet wird. Kautschuk Mischungsrezeptur rubber compound formulation Alexander Aschemann English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 26.09.2025 03.05.2022 rubber compound recipe Substanz, die zu einem Kautschuk oder einem Latex gegeben wird, um eine Mischung herzustellen substance added to a rubber or rubber latex to form a mix false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Mischungsbestandteil‎ [dik] compounding ingredient gründliche Mischung von Kautschuken oder anderen polymerbildenden Materialien mit allen Bestandteilen, die für das fertige Produkt notwendig sind intimate mixture of a rubber or rubbers or other polymer-forming materials with all the ingredients necessary for the finished product Kautschukmischung rubber compound false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Mischung compound false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Sicherheitsdatenblatt safety data sheet false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Produktdatenblatt product data sheet Maschine mit zwei gegensätzlich drehenden Walzen, häufig erwärmbar oder kühlbar, welche gewöhnlich mit verschiedenen Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten betrieben werden, und mit einstellbarem Walzenspalt zum Mastizieren, Mischen, Verschneiden, Vorwärmen oder zum Auswalzen machine with two counter-rotating rolls, frequently heated or cooled, usually driven at different speeds, and having an adjustable nip for mastication, mixing, blending, warm-up or sheeting Zwei-Rollen-Walzwerk two-roll mill false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Walzwerk mill Zylinder, der ein rotierendes Hauptelement eines Kalanders oder eines Walzwerks bildet cylinder forming a major, rotating member of a calender or mill Walzenzylinder false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Walze roll false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Festwalze fixed roll false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Stellwalze setting roll A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of its speed rotating around itself. speed false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Drehzahl rotational frequency quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 10.05.2022 Festwalzen-Drehzahl fixed roll speed false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 10.05.2022 Stellwalzen-Drehzahl setting roll speed Temperierungsgerät; Temperierungsaggregat; Temperiersteuergerät false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 TCU Temperatursteuergerät temperature control unit device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Festwalzen-Temperatursteuergerät fixed roll temperature control unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Stellwalzen-Temperatursteuergerät setting roll temperature control unit quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 10.05.2022 Festwalzen-Temperatur fixed roll temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Stellwalzen-Temperatur setting roll temperature Abstand zwischen den Walzenoberflächen einer Walze oder eines Kalanders, gemessen zwischen den Mittelpunkten radial clearance between the roll surfaces of a mill or calender on a line of centres false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Walzenspalt roller gap Process of converting a rubber or rubber mix, rubber dough or coagulated latex into a form in which the thickness is small in proportion to the length Prozess der Überführung von Kautschuk oder einer Kautschukmischung, Gummilösung oder koaguliertem Latex in eine Form, bei der die Dicke klein gegenüber der Länge ist Plattenziehen false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Auswalzen sheeting Distribution of one or more ingredients into a rubber, a rubber blend or a continuum material, by the application of shearing forces, in order to confer optimum and uniform properties Verteilen eines oder mehrerer Bestandteile in Kautschuk, Kautschukblends oder einer kontinuierlichen Phase durch Anwendung von Scherkräften, um optimale und homogene Eigenschaften zu erhalten false Alexander Aschemann English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Dispergierung [dik] dispersion [dik] Prozess der irreversiblen Reduzierung der Molmasse des Kautschuks, entweder im rohen oder im gemischten Zustand, durch das Einbringen mechanischer Arbeit (Scherung) und durch atmosphärischen Sauerstoff, manchmal unter Zuhilfenahme von Abbaumitteln und Wärme the molecular mass of a rubber, in either the raw or the mixed state, by the action of mechanical work (shear) and atmospheric oxygen, sometimes assisted by peptizers and heat false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Mastikation mastication A mechanical device designed to blend materials or an electronic device designed to blend signals. false English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 Mischer mixer device A mechanical component designed to blend materials. false English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 Mechanischer Mischer mechanical mixer Maschine mit Temperaturregelung, welche einen oder mehrere Rotoren in einer geschlossenen Kammer beinhaltet und zum Mastizieren und/oder zur Einarbeitung und Dispersion von Mischungsbestandteilen in den Kautschuk genutzt wird machine with temperature controls containing one or more rotors operating in a closed cavity used to masticate and/or to incorporate and disperse compounding ingredients into the rubber Kneter false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Innenmischer internal mixer false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Rotor rotor false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Mischkammer mixing chamber device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Klappsattel drop door In polymer mixing, a stamp is defined as a polymer material that is used to create patterns or shapes on a surface. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Stempel stamp false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Rotor-Drehzahl rotor speed false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Rotor-Temperatursteuergerät rotor temperature control unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Rotor-Temperatur rotor temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Mischkammer-Temperatursteuergerät mixing chamber temperature control unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Mischkammer-Temperatur mixing chamber temperature drop door temperature control unit device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 21.05.2022 Klappsattel-Temperatursteuergerät drop door temperature control unit quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Klappsattel-Temperatur drop door temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Stempel-Temperatursteuergerät stamp temperature control unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Stempel-Temperatur stamp temperature Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Drehmoment Einheit torque unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Nm Newtonmeter Newtonmeter false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Rotor-Drehmoment rotor torque The temperature of the bulk polymer material (polymer melt, rubber compound, or mixture) during processing, representing the average thermal state of the material mass rather than the temperature of surrounding equipment surfaces. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Massetemperatur mass temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Stempelweg stamp distance Die Zugabereihenfolge bezieht sich darauf, wie verschiedene Bestandteile oder Substanzen nacheinander oder in einer bestimmten Reihenfolge verabreicht werden, um einen bestimmten Effekt zu erzielen. The sequence of addition refers to how different ingredients or substances are administered one after the other or in a specific order to achieve a certain effect. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.09.2025 21.05.2022 Zugabereihenfolge addition sequence false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Zugabezeitpunkt time of addition quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Elektrische Leistung electrical power false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Mischzeit mixing time A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the ratio of the volume of a substance contained in the bearer and the bearer's own volume. quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 21.05.2022 Füllgrad filling ratio false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Mischstufenanzahl [dik] number of mixing stages Product of one mixing operation Produkt eines Mischungsvorganges false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Mischungscharge compound batch Maschine, die mit Hilfe einer Schnecke oder einer hydraulischen Presse kontinuierlich ein Material formt, indem dieses durch eine oder mehrere Schablonen gepresst wird machine which, through the use of a screw or a hydraulic ram, continuously shapes a material by forcing it through a die or dies device true Alexander Aschemann English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Extruder extruder device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Einschneckenextruder single screw extruder device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Stiftextruder pin extruder A cylindrical or rod-shaped material object located in the pin zone of an extruder that enhances shearing and homogenization of polymer material. shearing pin Alexander Aschemann English 24.9.2025 21.05.2022 Pins improve material homogenization and facilitate polymer transport within the extruder. Extruderstift extruder pin rotating member with one or more helical grooves, used to propel rubber along the barrel of an extruder rotierendes Glied mit einer oder mehreren helixförmigen Rillen, das verwendet wird, um einen Kautschuk innerhalb eines Extruderrohrs voranzutreiben false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Kautschukextruderschnecke rubber extruder screw Teil eines Extruders, durch den das Material gedrückt wird und um ein Profil des Extrudats zu formen that part of an extruder through which material is forced, forming a profile of the extrudate Extruderwerkzeug; Extruderdüse device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Extruderschablone extruder die Produkt eines Extrusionsprozesses product of an extrusion process false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Extrudat extrudate Teil eines Extruders, welcher die Schablone mit Halterung enthält that part of an extruder which houses the die and die holder device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Extruderkopf extruder head Unterschied zwischen den Dimensionen des Profilquerschnittes eines Extrudats und den korrespondierenden Dimensionen des Auslaufkanals, welcher üblicherweise als prozentuelle Zunahme der Fläche des Querschnittes ausgedrückt wird difference between the dimensions of the cross-section of an extrudate and the corresponding dimensions of the die orifice, usually quantified as the percentage increase in the crosssectional area false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Extrudatspritzquellung extrudate die swell false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Abzugsgeschwindigkeit haul-off speed device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 03.05.2022 03.05.2022 Förderband conveyor belt In polymers, mass throughput is the mass of polymer material that passes through a processing unit (e.g., extruder, mixer, or die) per unit time. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Massedurchsatz mass throughput Pressure variation refers to the change in pressure within a fluid as a function of depth, position, and time, influenced by factors such as fluid density and gravitational force. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Druckschwankung pressure variation Geometry variation refers to the distortion and rearrangement of polymer chains due to various factors such as temperature, pressure and external forces that can lead to changes in the polymer's physical properties such as viscosity, strength and flexibility. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Geometrieschwankung geometry variation false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Oberfläche surface false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Oberflächenfehler surface defect false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Oberflächentemperatur surface temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Schablonengeometrie die geometry false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Extrudatquerschnitt extrudate cross section A piece of apparatus that is used to measure a physical quantity. false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Sensor sensor false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Temperaturmessschwert temperature measuring sword false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Drucksensor Pressure Sensor false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Temperatursensor temperature sensor false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Getriebe gearbox device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Motor engine A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. engine false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 motor false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Speisewalze feeding roll An extruder zone equipped with pins that enhance mixing and shearing of the material during extrusion. mixing pin section false Alexander Aschemann English 24.9.2025 21.05.2022 Pins protruding into the extruder channel increase material mixing, cooling, and homogenization. Stiftzone pin zone An extruder zone in which raw polymer material is introduced into the extruder for subsequent processing. feed zone Alexander Aschemann English 24.9.2025 21.05.2022 Typically the first section of an extruder barrel, where raw compound is fed before melting or mixing. Einzugszone feeding zone A device zone in which polymer material is shaped under pressure and temperature into a mold cavity. forming zone false Alexander Aschemann English 24.9.2025 21.05.2022 Werkzeugzone molding zone device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Speisewalzen-Temperatursteuergerät feeding roll temperature control unit quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Speisewalzen-Temperatur feeding roll temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Schnecken-Temperatursteuergerät screw temperature control unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Schnecken-Temperatur screw temperature device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Einzugszonen-Temperatursteuergerät feeding zone temperature control unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Einzugszonen-Temperatur feeding zone temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Stiftzonen-Temperatursteuergerät pin zone temperature control unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Stiftzonen-Temperatur pin zone temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Werkzeugzonen-Temperatursteuergerät molding zone temperature control unit false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Werkzeugzonen-Temperatur molding zone temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Vulkanisationszeit vulcanization time Anzahl von Vernetzungen in einem Vulkanisat je Volumen- oder Masseneinheit number of crosslinks per unit volume or unit mass of vulcanizate quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vernetzungsdichte crosslink density Produkt der Vulkanisation einer Kautschukmischung product of the vulcanization of a rubber compound vulcanized rubber vulkanisierter Kautschuk false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vulkanisat vulcanizate chemical bond or atom(s) joining two rubber chains or two parts of the same rubber chain as a result of vulcanization chemische Bindung oder Atom(e), die zwei Kautschukketten oder zwei Teile derselben Kette verbinden als Ergebnis der Vulkanisation false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 In a vulcanizate, trapped chain entanglements can act as physical crosslinks and contribute to the crosslink density. In einem Vulkanisat können eingeschlossene Verschlaufungen als physikalische Vernetzungen fungieren und einen Beitrag zur Vernetzungsdichte leisten. Vernetzung crosslink 〈Aktion〉 Erzeugung von Vernetzungen zwischen oder innerhalb von Kautschukketten unter Ausbildung eines Netzwerks 〈act of〉 insertion of crosslinks between or within rubber chains to give a network structure false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Vernetzen crosslinking Zustand eines Vulkanisats während des Vulkanisationsverlaufs, gemessen an dessen Struktur oder dessen Eigenschaften condition of a vulcanizate during the course of vulcanization, measured in terms of its structure or properties false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vernetzungsgrad state of cure Verfahren, üblicherweise auf Hitze basierend, bei dem Kautschuk durch eine Veränderung seiner chemischen Struktur (zum Beispiel Vernetzung) in einen Zustand überführt wird, in dem die elastischen Eigenschaften erzeugt, wiederhergestellt oder verbessert oder über einen größeren Tempe-raturbereich erweitert werden process, usually involving heat and chemical substance (for example sulfur), in which rubber, through a change in its chemical structure (for example, crosslinking), is converted to a condition in which the elastic properties (no remaining deformation after mechanical load from outside) are conferred or re-established or improved or extended over a greater range of temperatures and the material becomes not soluble in solvents. Vernetzung cure false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vulkanisation vulcanization Druckkessel, der zur Vulkanisation von Kautschuk in Dampf oder Gas genutzt wird pressurized vessel used for vulcanizing rubber in a vapour or gas false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Autoklav autoclave Art der Vulkanisation, bei der das Modul des Vulkanisats ein Maximum erreicht und dann über einen längeren Zeiraum bei der entsprechenden Vulkanisationstemperatur nahezu konstant bleibt type of vulcanization during which the modulus of the vulcanizate proceeds to a maximum and then remains essentially constant for a substantial period at the vulcanization temperature Vulkanisationsebene flat cure false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vulkanisationsplateau plateau cure Vulkanisationsbedingungen, die notwendig sind, um einen akzeptablen Kompromiss zwischen verschiedenen gewünschten Vulkanisateigenschaften zu erzielen bzw. den optimalen Wert für eine bestimmte Eigenschaft zu erhalten condition of vulcanization required to achieve an acceptable compromise among a number of desired vulcanizate properties or the optimum value of a selected property false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Vulkanisationsoptimum optimum cure Vulkanisationszustand jenseits des Vulkanisationsoptimums state of vulcanization beyond the optimum cure false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Overcure is generally caused by too long a time and/or too high a temperature of vulcanization and/or post cure, and/or a surplus of vulcanizing agents. Übervulkanisation wird gewöhnlich hervorgerufen durch zu lange Heizzeit und/oder zu hohe Vulkanisations- und/oder Nachvulkanisationstemperatur und/oder ein Übermaß an Vulkanisationsmitteln. overcure Übervulkanisation Zustand der Vulkanisation unterhalb des Vulkanisationsoptimums state of vulcanization less than the optimum cure false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Undercure is generally caused by too short a time and/or too low a temperature of vulcanization and/or post cure, and/or a deficiency of vulcanizing agents. Untervulkanisation wird im Allgemeinen durch zu kurze Zeit und/oder zu niedrige Vulkanisationstemperatur und/oder Nachvulkanisation und/oder Mängel der Vulkanisationsmittel hervorgerufen. Untervulkanisation undercure ein oder mehrere Teile, entnommen aus einem Los, um Informationen über dieses Los zu liefern und möglicherweise als Entscheidungsbasis über das Los oder seinen Herstellprozess zu dienen one or more items taken from a lot and intended to provide information on the lot and possibly to serve as a basis for a decision on the lot or on the process which had produced it false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Probe sample Körper eines Materials von geeigneter Form und Dimension, fertig vorbereitet zur Verwendung in einer Prüfung piece of material of appropriate shape and size, prepared so that it is ready for use in a test Probekörper false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Die englischen Benennungen „test specimen“ und „specimen“ werden häufig verwendet, um einen „Prüfkörper“ zu bezeichnen. The terms “test specimen” and “specimen” are also widely used to denote “test piece”. Prüfkörper test piece raw, compounded, vulcanized or partially vulcanized rubber in the form of end-of-life rubber products or factory scrap unverarbeiteter, gemischter, vulkanisierter oder teilvulkanisierter Kautschuk in Form von Altgummierzeugnissen oder Fabrikabfall false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Gummiabfall scrap rubber raw, compounded, vulcanized or partially vulcanized rubber rejected or generated as waste during product manufacture and found unsuitable for further use unless recycled roher, gemischter, vulkanisierter oder teilweise vulkanisierter Kautschuk, der bei der Produktion ver-worfen oder als Abfall deklariert und für die weitere Verwendung, außer zum Recyceln, als ungeeignet befunden wird false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Produktionsabfall factory scrap false dik English 19.9.2025 10.05.2022 physical quality physikalische Qualität A qualitative or quantitative analysis performed to determine the amount of a particular constituent in a sample or the biological or pharmacological properties of a drug. false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Prüfprozess assay process An assay with the objective to produce information about the density of the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. assay true Alexander Aschemann English 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Prüfung zur Dichtemessung [dik] density measurement assay [dik] An assay with the objective to produce information about the viscosity of the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. false Alexander Aschemann English 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Prüfung zur Viskositätsmessung [dik] viscosity measurement assay [dik] An assay with the objective to produce information about the Mooney viscosity of the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. false Alexander Aschemann English 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Mooney viscosity measurement assay [dik] Prüfung zur Mooney-Viskositätsmessung [dik] Maß für die Viskosität eines Rohkautschuks oder einer Kautschukmischung, bestimmt mit einem Mooney-Scherscheibenviskosimeter measure of the viscosity of a raw rubber or rubber compound, determined using a Mooney shearing-disc viscometer false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Mooney Viskosität Mooney viscosity A viscosity unit which is a standard measure of the Mooney viscosity. Eine Viskositätseinheit, die ein Standardmaß für die Mooney-Viskosität ist. Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Mooney Viskositätseinheit Mooney viscosity unit Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 10.05.2022 MU Mooney Einheit Mooney unit A protocol which specifies the conditions, procedures, and instruments used for conducting a measurement assay in a sufficient level of detail to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the measurement assay. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Messprotokoll measurement protocol A protocol which specifies the conditions, procedures, and instruments used for conducting a material processing in a sufficient level of detail to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the material processing. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Materialverarbeitungsprotokoll material processing protocol false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Herstellungsvorschrift manufacturing specification true A measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the density measurement assay. measurement protocol true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Protokoll zur Dichtemessung density measurement protocol A measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the viscosity measurement assay. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Protokoll zur Viskositätsmessung viscosity measurement protocol A viscosity measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the Mooney viscosity measurement assay. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Mooney viscosity measurement protocol Protokoll zur Mooney-Viskositätsmessung Any device used to determine the dimension of an object. false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Messgerät measurement device false Alexander Aschemann English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Mischen [dik] mixing [dik] Menge in Gramm an adsorbiertem Iod pro Kilogramm Ruß unter definierten Bedingungen Number of grams of iodine adsorbed per kilogram of carbon black under specified conditions Jodzahl; Iodzahl false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Die Eigenschaft ist eine Angabe zur Oberfläche eines Rußes. ISO 1304 beinhaltet ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der Iodzahl. The property is an indication of the surface area of a carbon black. ISO 1304 contains a method for the determination of the iodine adsorption number. Jodadsorptionszahl iodine adsorption number false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Spezifische Oberfläche specific surface The total surface area of a material divided by its mass. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Massenbezogene spezifische Oberfläche mass-specific surface false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 21.05.2022 Volumenbezogene spezifische Oberfläche volume-specific surface Die Ölabsorptionszahl eines Rußes steht im Zusammenhang mit den Verarbeitungs- und Vulkanisationseigenschaften von Kautschukmischungen die den Ruß enthalten The oil absorption number of a carbon black is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds containing the carbon black Alexander Aschemann [dik] English ASTM D2414-12 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 oil absorption number Ölabsorptionszahl The ratio of the dynamic viscosity (μ) over the density of the fluid (ρ), which is noted as (length)^2/time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity#Kinematic_viscosity false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Kinematische Viskosität kinematic viscosity false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 Erstarrungspunkt setting point Molecular weight in g/mol, determined from molecular formula or sequence. false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Molekulargewicht molecular weight Die Säurezahl ist eine chemische Größe zur Charakterisierung von sauren Bestandteilen in Fetten oder Ölen. Sie bezeichnet die Masse an Kaliumhydroxid (in mg), die notwendig ist, um die in 1 g Fett enthaltenen freien Fettsäuren zu neutralisieren. The acid value is a chemical quantity used to characterise acidic components in fats or oils. It indicates the mass of potassium hydroxide (in mg) required to neutralise the free fatty acids contained in 1 g of fat. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 03.05.2022 Säurezahl‎ acid value Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 19.9.2025 03.05.2022 Schmelzbereich‎ melting range false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 04.05.2022 03.05.2022 oil content Öl-Gehalt‎ Verhältnis von Schubspannung zu Scherdehnung, wobei jede durch eine komplexe Zahl dargestellt werden kann ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain, where each can be represented by a complex number false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 G* complex shear modulus komplexer Schubmodul Verhältnis von Normalspannung zur Belastung, wobei jede durch eine komplexe Zahl dargestellt werden kann ratio of the normal stress to the normal strain, where each can be represented by a complex number false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 E* complex Young’s modulus komplexer Young’s Modul die Komponente einer aufgebrachten Schubspannung, welche in Phase mit der Scherdeformation ist, geteilt durch die Dehnung that component of an applied shear stress which is in phase with the shear strain, divided by the strain Schermodul storage shear modulus quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 G' Elastizitätsmodul elastic shear modulus die Komponente einer angewandten Normalspannung, welche in Phase mit der Normaldehnung ist, geteilt durch die Dehnung that component of an applied normal stress which is in phase with the normal strain, divided by the strain Youngscher Speichermodul storage Young’s modulus quality true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 E' Youngscher Elastizitätsmodul elastic Young’s modulus der Anteil einer aufgebrachten Schubspannung, welche 90° phasenverschoben gegenüber der Scherdeformation ist, geteilt durch die Dehnung that component of an applied shear stress which is in quadrature (90° out of phase) with the shear strain, divided by the strain false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 G'' Verlustmodul loss shear modulus der Anteil einer aufgebrachten Normalspannung, welcher 90° phasenverschoben gegenüber der Normaldehnung ist, geteilt durch die Dehnung that component of an applied normal stress which is in quadrature (90° out of phase) with the normal strain, divided by the strain false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 E'' Young’sches Verlustmodul loss Young’s modulus Maß für die Steifigkeit unter definierten Bedingungen bei Verformung measure of stiffness under specified conditions of deformation false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Diese Bezeichnung sollte nicht alleine verwendet werden und sollte einhergehen mit der Art der Verformung, z. B. Druck- oder Schermodul. The term should not be used in isolation and should be prefaced by the mode of deformation, e.g. compression modulus or shear modulus. Modul modulus Verhältnis des Verlustmoduls zum Speichermodul ratio of the viscous modulus to the elastic modulus false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 tanδ Es handelt sich dabei um ein Maß für den Verlustfaktor und somit für die Energie, die durch Umwandlung in Wärme verloren geht. It is a measure of the loss factor and thus of the energy lost by conversion into heat. Tangens delta tan delta false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Viskosimeter viscometer Mooney-Viskosimeter false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 Mooney shearing-disc viscometer Mooney-Scherscheibenviskosimeter device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Rheometer curemeter Rheometertyp, bei welchem die auf die Kautschukmischung einwirkenden Kräfte durch eine in der Testprobe eingebettete schwingende Scheibe erzeugt werden, wobei sich die Probe unter Druck in einem abgedichteten Probenaufnehmer befindet type of curemeter in which the force applied to the rubber compound is produced by an oscillating disc embedded in a test sample which is contained under pressure in a sealed cavity device true Alexander Aschemann English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 oscillating-disc curemeter oszillierendes Scheibenrheometer Typ eines Rheometers, bei welchem die Kraft, die auf die Kautschukmischung einwirkt, durch die Oszillation einer von zwei Platten erzeugt wird, die die Kammer bilden, in welcher die Testprobe eingeschlossen ist type of curemeter in which the force applied to the rubber compound is produced by the oscillation of one of the two dies forming the cavity in which the test sample is enclosed device true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 10.05.2022 10.05.2022 rotorless curemeter rotorloser Rheometer Gerät zur Messung des Fortschritts der Vulkanisation in einer Probe bei der Vulkanisationsstemperatur device that measures the progress of vulcanization in a test sample at the vulcanizing temperature false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Vulkameter vulcameter Presse, die zwei oder mehrere übereinanderliegende beheizte Platten besitzt, zwischen denen die Formteile gepresst werden press having two or more super-imposed heated plates between which moulds are pressed Etagenpresse; Heizpresse daylight press Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Plattenpresse plate press flache Metallplatte (oder Schale), die Hitze und Druck auf ein oder mehrere Formteile überträgt, die sich in einer Presse befinden flat metal plate (or chest) which applies heat and pressure to one or more mould(s) in a press false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English DIN ISO 1382:2016-07 13.02.2024 10.05.2022 Pressenplatte press plate 2-ethylidene-5-norbornene false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 ENB Ethylidennorbornen ethylidene norbornene An assay with the objective to produce information about the concentration of a specific substance in the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. Measurement assay true Alexander Aschemann English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Prüfung zur Konzentrationsmessung [dik] concentration measurement assay [dik] A concentration measurement assay with the objective to produce information about the concentration of ethylene in the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. assay true Alexander Aschemann English 13.02.2024 21.05.2022 Prüfung zur Ethylen-Konzentrationsmessung [dik] ethylene concentration measurement assay [dik] A concentration measurement assay with the objective to produce information about the concentration of ethylidene norbornene in the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. assay true Alexander Aschemann English 13.02.2024 21.05.2022 Prüfung zur Ethylidennorbornen-Konzentrationsmessung [dik] ethylidene norbornene concentration measurement assay [dik] An assay with the objective to produce information about the molecular weight distribution of the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. false Alexander Aschemann English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Prüfung zur Molekulargewichtsverteilung [dik] molecular weight distribution measurement assay [dik] true A measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the concentration measurement assay. measurement protocol true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Protokoll zur Konzentrationsmessung concentration measurement protocol true A concentration measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the ethylene concentration measurement assay. measurement protocol true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English ASTM D3900 13.02.2024 21.05.2022 Protokoll zur Ethylen-Konzentrationsmessung ethylene concentration measurement protocol true A concentration measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the ethylidene norbornene concentration measurement assay. measurement protocol true Alexander Aschemann [dik] English ASTM D6047 13.02.2024 21.05.2022 Protokoll zur Ethylidennorbornen-Konzentrationsmessung ethylidene norbornene concentration measurement protocol A measurement protocol for reliably reproducing the molecular weight distribution measurement assay. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 21.05.2022 21.05.2022 Protokoll zur Molekulargewichtsverteilung molecular weight distribution measurement protocol false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 26.08.2022 21.05.2022 ethylene group A concentration of ethylene inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with ethylene. false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 21.05.2022 Ethylen-Konzentration ethylene concentration A concentration of ethylidene norbornene inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with ethylidene norbornene. ENB-concentration false Alexander Aschemann [dik] English 13.02.2024 21.05.2022 Ethylidennorbornen-Konzentration ethylidene norbornene concentration Scaling spectra in order to get all data on approximately the same scale. Unscrambler X false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 19.9.2025 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T10:03:05.027474Z normalization Polybutadiene [butadiene rubber BR] is a synthetic rubber. Polybutadiene rubber is a polymer formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-butadiene. Polybutadiene has a high resistance to wear and is used especially in the manufacture of tires. Wikipedia false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T10:51:28.399079Z butadiene rubber BR An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has similar chemical properties whenever it appears in various compounds. Even if other parts of the molecule are quite different, certain functional groups tend to react in certain ways. false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T10:12:52.940172Z functional group Is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene Wikipedia false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T12:23:10.166673Z butyl rubber BIIR EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber) is a type of synthetic rubber that is composed of ethylidene norbornene (ENB), dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), and vinyl norbornene (VNB). Wikipedia false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T12:27:10.818157Z EPDM rubber A synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene, made by the industrial polymerisation of isoprene. Wikipedia false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T12:30:53.148584Z polyisoprene IR Known as nitrile butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, is a synthetic rubber derived from acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene. Wikipedia false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T12:33:41.882181Z nitrile rubber NBR Is a family of fluorocarbon-based fluoroelastomer materials that contain vinylidene fluoride as a monomer. Wikipedia false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T12:36:21.319884Z fluororubber FKM Highly Saturated Nitrile. A Higher performance solid rubber material than NBR, achieved through adding Hydrogen Atoms to the Butadiene Segments. false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T12:40:53.184235Z hydrogenated nitrile rubber HNBR Families of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene. Wikipedia false Yamen Alsalka [ifnano] 06.06.2023 Yamen Alsalka 2023-06-06T12:43:20.265544Z styrene-butadiene rubber SBR Average molecular weight of the chains of a polymer, weighted by the mass of each chain (2nd moment of the molecular weight). Mw Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 22.10.2025 gewichtsgemittelte Molmasse weight averaged molecular weight Average molecular weight of the chains of a polymer, calculated by weighing each chain equally, regardless of size (first moment of the molecular weight). Mn Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 22.10.2025 number averaged molecular weight zahlengemittelte Molmasse The method used to obtain the value of Mw and Mn. GPC Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 18.9.2025 Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie gel permeation chromatography method Ratio of Mw to Mn MWD Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 18.9.2025 Molmassenverteilung molecular weight distribution Polymer (e.g. BR, SSBR) before being compounded. RP Arlanxeo 31.3.2022 31.3.2022 Rohpolymer raw polymer Rubber polymer with butadiene as its only monomer. BR Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 18.9.2025 Butadiene-Kautschuk butadiene rubber Rubber polymer with styrene and butadiene as monomers. It is the major component of tread compounds. SBR Arlanxeo 15.1.2026 19.9.2025 Styrol-Butadiene-Kautschuk styrene-butadiene rubber Polymerization is performed in an emulsion where polymer particles (and consequently, crumbs) are carried in a liquid (water) medium. ESBR Arlanxeo 15.1.2026 19.9.2025 Emulsions-Styrol-Butadiene-Kautschuk emulsion SBR Polymerization is performed in a solution where polymer molecules are dissolved in a solvent (e.g. hexane). SSBR Arlanxeo 15.1.2026 19.9.2025 Lösungs-Styrol-Butadiene-Kautschuk solution SBR Compound that has not been vulcanized and may be heated in an oven to form of network. GC Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 "grüne" bzw. nachhaltige Kautschukmischung [Arlanxeo] green compound Compound after being vulcanized. May also be called “vulcanizate”. VC Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 vulcanized compound vulkanisierter Compound Fraction of rubber compound formulations are not given based on %, so that the sum of all components will be 100%. phr Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 (Massen-)Anteile pro hundert (Massen-)Teile Kautschuk parts per hundred rubber A filler based on structured carbon which is present in larger fractions in sidewall than in tread compounds. Every CB grade has two major properties that determine its properties: particle size and particle structure. CB Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Rußfüller carbon black filler A filler that, together with silane, is present only in tread compounds and is used for enforcement. Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Silikat-Füllstoff silica Silane is necessary to act as intermediary between silica and the SBR matrix, and its role is to enhance the dispersion of silica in the SBR matrix. Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Silan silane The outer surface of a tire that comes into direct contact with the road. Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Reifenlauffläche tread The lining of the inner wall of a tire which prevents air from escaping. Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 inner liner luftundurchlässige Innenschicht eines Reifens The component of modulus that is related to energy storage in deformation. G' Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Elastisches Modul elastic modulus The component of modulus that is related to energy loss in deformation. G'' Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Verlustmodul loss modulus Mooney Viscosity is a quality of raw and vulcanised polymersbased on the measurement of the torque necessary to rotate a disc in a cylindrical chamber filled with the rubber compound to be vulcanized and is reported in arbitrary Mooney units. It is the torque at t=5 min. after the start of the Mooney test for vulcanized polymers. ML1+4 Mooney Viscosity Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.9.2025 Mooney Viskosität mooney viscosity Mooney stress relaxation is a quality of polymer that refers to the time-dependent process of relaxing a stress applied to a polymer. Due to their structure, polymers do not easily “forget” stress after it is applied to them. MSR Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Mooney Stress Relaxation mooney stress relaxation Generic name for an instrument that applies amplitude sweeps to vulcanized rubber to assess the resistance of its network against large deformations. MTS Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Servo-hydraulische Prüfmaschine von der Firma Mechanical Test Systems (MTS) [Arlanxeo] mechanical testing system Generic name for an instrument that applies oscillatory shearing deformation at the vulcanization temperature of a compound at a given time window, using a constant frequency and amplitude. Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Moving Die Rheometer moving die rheometer A method in which the polymer is loaded with (pseudo-) linear, oscillating deformations in a temperature ramp, during which the values of G’ and G” at 3 critical temperatures are read and used . Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Dynamisch-Mechanisch-Thermische Analyse dynamic mechanical thermal analysis In physical testing, it refers to a constant increase or decrease of testing parameters such as deformation frequency, deformation amplitude or temperature. Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Rampe ramp In physical testing, it refers to a deformation regime in which layers of fluid or solid are forced to move parallel to each other. Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Scherung shearing In physical testing, it refers to a deformation regime in which layers of fluid or solid deformed axially. Arlanxeo 19.9.2025 19.9.2025 Elongation elongation Styrene content is a quality that is a key factor in determining the properties of polymers derived from styrene. Styrene Content Styrene_Cont Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] English 19.11.2026 19.11.2025 Styrol-Gehalt styrene content Cis content is a quality in polymers, particularly in polyisoprene, that is crucial for determining the material's properties based on the content of cis isomer which is known for its high elasticity and tensile strength. Cis Content Cis_Cont Pallavi Karanth 19.11.2026 19.11.2025 cis content cis-Butadienegehalt Trans content is a quality which measures the content of trans isomer in polymers that affect melting points and solubility in polymers. Trans Content trans_cont Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] English 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 Trans-Butadiene-Gehalt trans content Vinyl content is a quality that is based on the vinyl content in polyethylene resins that are determined by the catalyst used for manufacturing the resin. Vinly Cont Vinyl Content vinly_cont vinyl_cont Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 Vinyl-Gehalt vinyl content The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a quality which is a phenomenon of amorphous polymers that is the temperature at which polymers undergo a transition from glassy to rubbery state marking a region of dramatic changes in the physical and mechanical properties. TgStr Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] English 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 Glasübergangstemperatur glass transition temperature ml1+1 is the quality Mooney Viscosity which is the torque at t=1 min. after the start of the Mooney test. Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 ML1+1 ml1+4 is a quality which is mooney viscosity measured as the torque at t=5 min. after the start of the Mooney test for vulcanized polymers. mooney viscosity Pallavi Karanth 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 ML1+4 Mooney Viskosität ML 1+4 Hardness mean value is a quality of Polymers which indicates the resistance to deformation. Average hardness value measured in Shore A scale. Hardness mean value Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 Mittelwert der Härte hardness mean value Rebound mean value is a quality of polymers which specifies in percentage how far the hammer comes back after the impact, measured at T = 23 degree celcius and T = 60 degree celcius for tire compounds. Rebound mean value Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 Mittelwert Rückprall rebound mean value Rebound mean value 1 is a quality of polymers which specifies in percentage how far the hammer comes back after the impact, measured at T = 23 degree celcius. Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 Mittelwert des Rückprall (erste Messung) rebound mean value 1 Rebound mean value is a quality of polymers which specifies in percentage how far the hammer comes back after the impact, measured at T = 60 degree celcius. Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 Mittelwert des Rückprall (zweite Messung) [Arlanxeo] rebound mean value 2 S50 is a quality of vulcanized compound or polymer which is the stress at deformation value 50. Stress at deformation value 50 Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 S50 Zugspannung bei 50% Elongation S100 is a quality of vulcanized compound or polymer which is the stress at deformation value 100. Pallavi Karanth [Arlanxeo] 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 S100 Zugspannung bei 100% Elongation [Arlanxeo] S300 is a quality of vulcanized compound or polymer which is the stress at deformation value 300. Pallavi Karanth 19.11.2025 19.11.2025 S300 Zugspannung bei 300% Elongation Median value of elongation from stress-strain (tensile) measurement Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 D Median Medianwert der Bruchdehnung [Arlanxeo] Elastic modulus measured at 0 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA) Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 E dash 0 degree celcius Realteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 0 °C [Arlanxeo] Elastic modulus measured at 23 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA) Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 E dash 23 degree celcius Realteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 23 °C Elastic modulus measured at 60 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA) Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 E dash 60 degree celcius Realteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 60 °C Loss modulus measured at 0 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA) Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 E double dash 0 degree celcius Realteil des Schermoduls gemessen bei 0.5% Dehnung während eines Amplitudensweeps [Arlanxeo] Loss modulus measured at 23 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA) Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 E double dash 23 degree celcius Imaginärteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 23 °C [Arlanxeo] Loss modulus measured at 60 °C in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DTMA) Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 E double dash 60 degree celcius Imaginärteil des elastischen Moduls gemessen bei 60 °C Elastic modulus at 15% deformation (strain) in amplitude sweep test Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 ElasticModulus G dash 15 percent 1 messung elastic modulus G dash 15 percent measurement1 Elastic modulus at 0.5% deformation (strain) in amplitude sweep test Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 ElasticModulus G dash zero point five percent 1 messung elastic modulus G dash zero point five percent measurement1 Median value of tensile strength at break from stress-strain (tensile) measurement Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 F Median Medianwert der Bruchspannung [Arlanxeo] Maximum value of loss modulus Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 LossModulus Gdouble dash(max) Maximum des Imaginärteils (viscouser Teil) des Schermoduls [Arlanxeo] Mass throughput in an extruder, first measurement Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 mass per measurement time 1 masse pro messzeit 1 Mass throughput in an extruder, second measurement Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 mass per measurement time 2 masse pro messzeit 2 Pressure at die exit in an extruder, first measurement Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 mass presssure 1 massedruck 1 Pressure at die exit in an extruder, second measurement Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 mass pressure 2 massedruck 2 Die swell according to inhouse specification in K10 laboratory, first measurement Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 die swelling first measurement quellung hausmethode K10-1 Die swell according to inhouse specification in K10 laboratory, second measurement Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 die swelling second measurement quellung hausmethode K10-2 The conversion of a multi component mixture, with components in all thinkable forms (solid, liquid, polymer melts, powders etc) into a free flowing form. Prof. Dr. Ulrich Giese [dik] 28.04.2026 28.04.2026 rubber mixing Elastic torque value at 90% conversion measured in an MDR (Moving Die Rheometer) test Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 S dash bei 90percent Umsatz elastic torque at 90 percent temperature at maximum loss factor Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 tan Delta Peak Temperature temperatur tan d max Time for 90% conversion measured in an MDR (Moving Die Rheometer) test Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 t90 umsatzzeit 90percent Loss factor measured at 7% deformation (strain) measured in an amplitude sweep test Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 loss factor at 7 percent tan d 7 percent 1 Messung Maximum loss factor in an amplitude sweep test Arlanxeo 17.12.2025 17.12.2025 Maximum des Verlustfaktors tan d max A mixing recipe is a recipe which in polymers refers to the specific, controlled formulation and set of operating parameters—including ingredient proportions, sequence of addition, temperature profiles, shear rates, and mixing time—used to combine base polymers with additives, fillers, or other polymers to achieve a uniform, homogeneous mixture with desired physical and chemical properties. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 mixing recipe Objective specification set refers to the set of objectives which are the desired characteristics which are to be achieved at the end of a manufacturing process. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 objective specification set An ingredient specification is a material specification which is detailed, actionable document defining the quality, safety, and physical characteristics of a raw material Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 ingredient specification Ingredient Specification Set is the set of criteria or standards about ingredients to be used in the manufacturing process to attain certain quality or consistency of the end product. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 ingredient specification set Device specifications, often referred to as "tech specs," are detailed descriptions of the technical features and capabilities of a device, including hardware and software components. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 device specification set Instruction set is the detailed information about how something should be done or operated. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 instruction set Instruction step is the method of following one instruction at a time in a process to achieve an end objective. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 instruction step A condition specification of a process definition refers to the detailed requirements and constraints that must be met within a process to ensure consistency and quality outlining necessary inputs, outputs, parameters that must be controlled to acheive desired outcomes. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 condition specification The ram position in polymer mixing refers to the location of the ram within the mixing chamber which is crucial for maintaining the desired shear forces and ensuring uniform mixing of the polymer components. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 ram position stempelweg temperature of the compound Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 compound temperature compoundtemperatur Shear rate in polymer mixing is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a fluid or material with respect to the distance between two parallel planes and it is a critical parameter that influences the flow behavior, viscosity, and morphology of polymer melts. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 Schergeschwindigkeit shear rate Storage modulus (G′) is the component of the complex shear modulus that represents the stored elastic energy in a material during cyclic deformation. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 Speichermodul storage modulus In the context of polymer mixing, symbolic regression is a method used to model the physical phenomena occurring during the processing of polymer materials. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 symbolic regression symbolische regression The Savitzky–Golay (S–G) filter is a discrete system/filter used for time series smoothing, i.e. for removing higher-frequency components of time series. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 savtizky golay filter savtizky golay filter A Rubber Process Analyser (RPA) is a scientific instrument used to measure the rheological properties of rubber, particularly its viscoelastic behavior. It applies controlled shear stress and measures the resulting deformation or flow of the rubber. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 rubber process analyzer The Payne effect is a phenomenon observed in filled rubbers, where the storage modulus decreases with increasing strain amplitude. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 payne effect payne effekt A method of external quality control for measuring methods and testing laboratories. Identical samples are tested by multiple laboratories, often using the same or different techniques, to evaluate the analytical performance of the labs. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 ring test ringversuch Surface topography is the variations in the surface characteristics of a material. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 oberflächentopografie surface topography Puncture thermometer is a device which is used to measure the temperature of materials. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 einstichthermometer penetration thermometer The sieving process in polymer mixing refers to the separation of polymer materials based on particle size which is achieved by passing the materials through a mesh or sieve, which allows only particles of a certain size to pass through and is crucial for ensuring the quality and consistency of the final polymer product. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 siebverfahren sieving process Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) is a statistical measure that quantifies the average distance between each data point in a dataset and the mean of that dataset. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 mean absolute deviation mittlere absolute abweichung In polymer mixing, smoothing refers to the process of enhancing the quality and performance of polymer blends by reducing surface roughness and irregularities and is achieved through techniques such as chemical smoothing, which involves injecting a vaporized solvent into the polymer melt, causing a chemical reaction that weakens the bonds of the polymer chains and rearranges them to a more stable position resulting in solvent diffusing away, leaving a smooth and sealed surface and the process is crucial for achieving high-quality, durable, and aesthetically pleasing polymer products. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 glättung smoothing equation in the context of chemistry is a symbolic representation of the changes which occur in a chemical reaction, expressed in terms of the formulae of the molecules or other species involved. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 equation gleichung mixing curves are the graphical representations which describe phase behaviour of polymer systems which are essential for predicting the phase morphology of polymer systems influencing the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of polymers. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 mischkurven mixing curves Energy efficiency is the practice of using less energy to provide the same level of service or output, reducing costs and environmental impact. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 energieeffizienz energy efficiency Mixing time reduction in polymers refers to the process of optimizing the mixing sequence and parameters to achieve batch-to-batch uniformity, fast reduction of viscosity, and efficient use of time, power, and equipment for optimum productivity. Pallavi Karanth 02.02.2026 02.02.2026 Mischzeitreduktion mixing time reduction A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. biological process biological_process measurement unit label Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume. A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term. 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot measurement unit label In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction. A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed." 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that. Answers the question, why did you do this experiment? OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch OBI_0000217 objective specification Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. OBI Plan and Planned Process branch action specification datum label A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n GROUP: IAO 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. datum label software Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. see sourceforge tracker discussion at http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1958818&group_id=177891&atid=886178 PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Melanie Courtot GROUP: OBI false software information carrier In the case of a printed paperback novel the physicality of the ink and of the paper form part of the information bearer. The qualities of appearing black and having a certain pattern for the ink and appearing white for the paper form part of the information carrier in this case. A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content 12/15/09: There is a concern that some ways that carry information may be processes rather than qualities, such as in a 'delayed wave carrier'. 2014-03-10: We are not certain that all information carriers are qualities. There was a discussion of dropping it. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy false information carrier data item Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data information content entity true data item a serial number such as "12324X" a stop sign a written proper name such as "OBI" An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. 20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change 2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154). based on Oxford English Dictionary symbol Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). Pier: 'data, information or knowledge'. OR 'representation' information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. OBI_0000142 information content entity An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it. 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan directive information entity dot plot Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H. A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000123 group:OBI dot plot graph A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson Lister OBI_0000240 group:OBI graph curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 information content entity true curation status specification you might consinder EDAM formats as sublasses here http://edamontology.org/format_1915 A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file 2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file" OBI branch derived OBI_0000187 data format specification data set Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves). A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type 2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000042 group:OBI information content entity true data set image An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000030 group:OBI false image data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg information content entity true data about an ontology part PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications. 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231. Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them plan specification measurement datum Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay? person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000305 group:OBI information content entity true measurement datum A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name. Note: we feel that at the moment we are happy with a general version number, and that we will subclass as needed in the future. For example, see 7. genome sequence version version number material information bearer A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier. a brain a hard drive A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. GROUP: IAO false material information bearer histogram A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI histogram heatmap A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI heatmap dendrogram Dendrograms are often used in computational biology to illustrate the clustering of genes. A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrogram dendrogram scatter plot Comparison of gene expression values in two samples can be displayed in a scatter plot A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot scattergraph WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatterplot scatter plot obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot information content entity true obsolescence reason specification Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc. AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc. MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities. textual entity figure Any picture, diagram or table An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter information content entity true figure diagram A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space. A figure that expresses one or more propositions PERSON: Lawrence Hunter false diagram A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole document journal article, newspaper story, book, etc. A document that is the output of a publishing process. Revisit the term in Octorber 2020. Improve the defintion. publication denotator type The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters information content entity true denotator type A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing publishing process A software method (also called subroutine, subprogram, procedure, method, function, or routine) is software designed to execute a specific task. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80 software method An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237 Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB) identifier true A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237 identifier creating process Homo sapiens homo sapiens true An assessment used to quantify and describe the colors within the visible spectrum of light. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C111096 plan specification true English 19.08.2022 http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/ colorimetry A class of substances that binds to, activates and increases the activity of a target. material entity true English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 Aktivator activator true Emission of electromagnetic energy with a shorter frequency (longer wavelength) than that of the incident monochromatic light. Arises from the low probability absorption of quanta with a higher energy than that required for a transition: the difference in energy is emitted as a lower frequency (energy) photon. Allows analysis of vibrational and rotational energy levels using visible incident light. [ NCI ] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17157 plan specification true English 18.08.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl Raman spectroscopy Costs that can be identified with a particular project or program. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19579 information content entity true English 22.08.2022 22.08.2022 direct costs direkte kosten The spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25677 true English 18.08.2022 31.3.2022 shape An indication of the type of unit of measure being used to express a mass density. English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Massendichte Einheit unit of mass density The smallest resolvable rectangular area of an image, either on a screen or stored in memory. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C48367 information content entity true English 19.08.2022 31.3.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl pixel The degree to which two or more quantities or events are associated, a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the others. The collelation can be described by mathematical functions (often a linear function is used). It’s a common tool for describing simple relationships without making a statement about cause and effect. The degree to which two or more quantities or events are linearly associated, a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the others. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C48834 information content entity true English 06.06.2023 31.03.2022 Correlations are useful for describing simple relationships among data http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl correlation Data about data; information that describes another set of data. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C52095 English 19.09.2025 31.3.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl metadata A measure of the range of values in a set of numbers. Standard deviation is a statistic used as a measure of the dispersion or variation in a distribution, equal to the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations from the arithmetic mean. (ncit defined) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C53322 information content entity true English 18.08.2022 31.3.2022 TIB terminological service standard deviation A substance added to plastics or other materials to make or keep them soft or pliable. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C55826 material entity true English 22.08.2022 22.08.2022 plasticiser plasticizer weichmacher A chemical subunit that can undergo polymerization by bonding to other subunits. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C63845 material entity true English 19.08.2022 31.3.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl monomer To bring or combine together or with something else; add as an additional element or part. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C64925 process true English 23.08.2022 23.08.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncit.owl mixing [ncit] The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid, for purchasing goods, services and financial instruments. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C69088 information content entity true English 22.08.2022 22.08.2022 cost kosten A measure of the compactness of a substance, expressed as its mass per unit volume. false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Massendichte mass density planned process planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) PMDco : migration: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/269 We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process. We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process. Bjoern Peters branch derived 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) false obsolete planned process planned process true regulator role Fact sheet - Regulating the companies The role of the regulator. Ofwat is the economic regulator of the water and sewerage industry in England and Wales. http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/aptrix/ofwat/publish.nsf/Content/roleofregulator_factsheet170805 a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders Person:Jennifer Fostel regulator OBI false regulator role regulatory role Regulatory agency, Ethics committee, Approval letter; example: Browse these EPA Regulatory Role subtopics http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/enviregulatoryrole.html Feb 29, 2008 a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body. GROUP: Role branch OBI, CDISC govt agents responsible for creating regulations; proxies for enforcing regulations. CDISC definition: regulatory authorities. Bodies having the power to regulate. NOTE: In the ICH GCP guideline the term includes the authorities that review submitted clinical data and those that conduct inspections. These bodies are sometimes referred to as competent false regulatory role material supplier role Jackson Labs is an organization which provide mice as experimental material a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation. Supplier role is a special kind of service, e.g. biobank PERSON:Jennifer Fostel material provider role supplier false material supplier role classified data set A data set that is produced as the output of a class prediction data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned class labels. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Monnie McGee data set with assigned class labels information content entity true classified data set processed material Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg false processed material evaluant role When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source. a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is) examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected") GROUP: Role Branch OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. false evaluant role assay Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house. A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it. A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. 12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation. Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch measuring scientific observation OBI branch derived study assay any method false assay material processing A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra material transformation OBI branch derived false material processing specimen role liver section; a portion of a culture of cells; a nemotode or other animal once no longer a subject (generally killed); portion of blood from a patient. a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation 22Jun09. The definition includes whole organisms, and can include a human. The link between specimen role and study subject role has been removed. A specimen taken as part of a case study is not considered to be a population representative, while a specimen taken as representing a population, e.g. person taken from a cohort, blood specimen taken from an animal) would be considered a population representative and would also bear material sample role. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. blood taken from animal: animal continues in study, whereas blood has role specimen. something taken from study subject, leaves the study and becomes the specimen. parasite example - when parasite in people we study people, people are subjects and parasites are specimen - when parasite extracted, they become subject in the following study specimen can later be subject. GROUP: Role Branch OBI false specimen role The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress. A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing. Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen. Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009) OBI Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term. Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009) investigation agent role PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now. GROUP: OBI organization The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol. A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a completely executed planned process. This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc. branch derived plan protocol PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR. A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29) study protocol false protocol heat function A heat function is a function that increases the internal kinetic energy of a material Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot heat function mechanical function A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force). Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_work mechanical function cool function A cool function is a function to decrease the internal kinetic energy of a material below the initial kinetic energy of that type of material. Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot cool function environment control function An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature. Bill Bug Daniel Schober Frank Gibson Melanie Courtot environment control function measure function A glucometer measures blood glucose concentration, the glucometer has a measure function. Measure function is a function that is borne by a processed material and realized in a process in which information about some entity is expressed relative to some reference. PERSON: Daniel Schober PERSON: Helen Parkinson PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON:Frank Gibson measure function manufacturing Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process Manufacturing implies reproducibility and responsibility AR This includes a single scientist making a processed material for personal use. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch false manufacturing [obi] manufacturer role With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role. Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process. GROUP: Role Branch OBI false manufacturer role manufacturer role clustered data set A clustered data set is the output of a K means clustering data transformation A data set that is produced as the output of a class discovery data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned discovered class labels. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Monnie McGee data set with assigned discovered class labels AR thinks could be a data item instead information content entity true clustered data set specimen collection process drawing blood from a patient for analysis, collecting a piece of a plant for depositing in a herbarium, buying meat from a butcher in order to measure its protein content in an investigation A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. Philly2013: A specimen collection can have as part a material entity acquisition, such as ordering from a bank. The distinction is that specimen collection necessarily involves the creation of a specimen role. However ordering cell lines cells from ATCC for use in an investigation is NOT a specimen collection, because the cell lines already have a specimen role. Philly2013: The specimen_role for the specimen is created during the specimen collection process. label changed to 'specimen collection process' on 10/27/2014, details see tracker: http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/716/ Bjoern Peters specimen collection 5/31/2012: This process is not necessarily an acquisition, as specimens may be collected from materials already in posession 6/9/09: used at workshop false specimen collection process class prediction data transformation A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction. James Malone supervised classification data transformation PERSON: James Malone false class prediction data transformation [obi] support vector machine A support vector machine is a data transformation with a class prediction objective based on the construction of a separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two data sets of vectors in n-dimensional space. James Malone Ryan Brinkman SVM PERSON: Ryan Brinkman false support vector machine decision tree building data transformation A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction. James Malone PERSON: James Malone false decision tree building data transformation peak matching Peak matching is a data transformation performed on a dataset of a graph of ordered data points (e.g. a spectrum) with the objective of pattern matching local maxima above a noise threshold James Malone Ryan Brinkman PERSON: Ryan Brinkman false peak matching k-nearest neighbors A k-nearest neighbors is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, in which an input data object with vector y is assigned to a class label based upon the k closest training data set points to y; where k is the largest value that class label is assigned. James Malone k-NN PERSON: James Malone false k-nearest neighbors [obi] CART A CART (classification and regression trees) is a data transformation method for producing a classification or regression model with a tree-based structure. James Malone classification and regression trees BOOK: David J. Hand, Heikki Mannila and Padhraic Smyth (2001) Principles of Data Mining. false CART statistical model validation Using the expression levels of 20 proteins to predict whether a cancer patient will respond to a drug. A practical goal would be to determine which subset of the 20 features should be used to produce the best predictive model. - wikipedia A data transformation which assesses how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. Helen Parkinson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_%28statistics%29 false statistical model validation manufacturer A person or organization that has a manufacturer role A person or organization that has a manufacturer role. false manufacturer manufacturer sterilization function a function to remove viable organisms from an input material sterilization function service provider role Jackson Lab provides experimental animals, EBI provides training on databases, a core facility provides access to a DNA sequencer. is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person PERSON:Helen Parkinson false service provider role processed specimen A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. A blood specimen that has been centrifuged to obtain the white blood cells. A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified. Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters false A tissue sample that has been sliced and stained for a histology study. processed specimen categorical value specification A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories PERSON:Bjoern Peters false categorical value specification categorical value specification 1 A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label scalar value specification value specification The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass. An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale. This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement. PERSON:Bjoern Peters false value specification value specification collection of specimens Blood cells collected from multiple donors over the course of a study. A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts. Details see tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/778/ Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng false Biobank collection of specimens A planned process that is used to assess whether an assay will provide reliable results based on the conditions or qualities of the inputs, devices, and other participants of the assay. OBI determination if assay will provide reliable results material supplier A person or organization that provides material supplies to other people or organizations. Rebecca Jackson https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1289 false material supplier specimen Biobanking of blood taken and stored in a freezer for potential future investigations stores specimen. A material entity that has the specimen role. Note: definition is in specimen creation objective which is defined as an objective to obtain and store a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch false specimen data transformation The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value. A planned process that produces output data from input data. Elisabetta Manduchi Helen Parkinson James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra Richard Scheuermann Ryan Brinkman Tina Hernandez-Boussard data analysis data processing Branch editors false data transformation leave one out cross validation method The authors conducted leave-one-out cross validation to estimate the strength and accuracy of the differentially expressed filtered genes. http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/3/368 is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data 2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893049&group_id=177891&atid=886178 Person:Helen Parkinson false leave one out cross validation method k-means clustering A k-means clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, which takes as input a collection of objects (represented as points in multidimensional space) and which partitions them into a specified number k of clusters. The algorithm attempts to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. The most common form of the algorithm starts by partitioning the input points into k initial sets, either at random or using some heuristic data. It then calculates the mean point, or centroid, of each set. It constructs a new partition by associating each point with the closest centroid. Then the centroids are recalculated for the new clusters, and the algorithm repeated by alternate applications of these two steps until convergence, which is obtained when the points no longer switch clusters (or alternatively centroids are no longer changed). Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Philippe Rocca-Serra WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means false k-means clustering [obi] hierarchical clustering A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root). James Malone WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_clustering#Hierarchical_clustering false hierarchical clustering [obi] dimensionality reduction A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra data projection PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot false dimensionality reduction principal components analysis dimensionality reduction A principal components analysis dimensionality reduction is a dimensionality reduction achieved by applying principal components analysis and by keeping low-order principal components and excluding higher-order ones. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Philippe Rocca-Serra pca data reduction PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot false principal components analysis dimensionality reduction [obi] data visualization Generation of a heatmap from a microarray dataset An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data. Elisabetta Manduchi James Malone Melanie Courtot Tina Boussard data encoding as image visualization PERSON: Elisabetta Manduchi PERSON: James Malone PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Tina Boussard Possible future hierarchy might include this: information_encoding >data_encoding >>image_encoding false data visualization partitioning data transformation A partitioning data transformation is a data transformation that has objective partitioning. James Malone PERSON: James Malone false partitioning data transformation class discovery data transformation A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery. James Malone clustering data transformation unsupervised classification data transformation PERSON: James Malone false class discovery data transformation clustered data visualization A data visualization which has input of a clustered data set and produces an output of a report graph which is capable of rendering data of this type. James Malone false clustered data visualization PMID: 18557814 . Chemical and genetic validation of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase as a drug target in African trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jun 16. a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results adapted from wordnet (wkipedia) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0302911 process true English 23.08.2022 23.08.2022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl validation morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. false morphology A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000052 https://ontobee.org/ontology/PATO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000052 true English 15.08.2022 18.08.2022 shape length A 1-dimensional extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. false length A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Viskosität viscosity pressure A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. false 19.9.2025 31.3.2022 pressure physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. false physical object quality electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. false electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality optical quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. false optical quality quality of a solid A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. false quality of a solid quality of a liquid A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. false quality of a liquid radiation quality A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation. false radiation quality A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). pH quality true English 19.9.2025 2023-09-01T09:06:40.923633Z Säuregrad acidity molecular quality A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. false molecular quality quality of a substance A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. false quality of a substance a count is a data item denoted by an integer and represented the number of instances or occurences of an entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000047 information content entity true English 19.08.2023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ms.owl count A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality. unit A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality. Wikipedia:Wikipedia A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence. time derived unit time unit A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence. Wikipedia:Wikipedia mole fraction based unit mass percentage based unit mass volume percentage based unit Length is the amount of space between two geographical points along a curve. It is a base quantity in the International System of Units and other systems of units. Length is speed times time. The metre, a base unit of length in the International System of Units, is defined in terms of speed of light during a certain time interval. English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 Länge length Power is the time rate at which work is done. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units. Power is energy divided by time. English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 Leistung power Pressure is the force applied to or distributed over a surface. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units. Pressure is force divided by area. English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Druck pressure Torque is the effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. (defined by om) http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2 false English 24.08.2022 24.08.2022 Drehmoment torque Feature which is intended to be representative of a FeatureOfInterest on which Observations may be made. false English 25.08.2022 25.08.2022 Probe sample A file data item is a data item that represents a file stored on a hard drive. It might also include essential attributes like its name, location, download URL, size, type, and timestamps for creation, modification, and access. It might also capture permissions and ownership details to control how the file can be accessed or modified. file data item Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a manufacturing process may be (subclasses of) objects that bear a 'blank role' in the context of the manufacturing process. Material is defined in terms of the three main perspectives that material specifications rely on: the structure of the material ("intensive quality"), the performance of the material ("behavoiral material property") and the processing the material must have undergone ("output of some process"). When defining specific materials/material taxonomies, these three aspects shall be taken into account in the aristotelian ("per genus et differentiam") as differentiation. The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type. Material material Portion of Material A material is a portion of matter that may participate in some manufacturing process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the manufacturing process. true It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties. Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries." portion of matter A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither. true We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use. engineered material An engineered material is a material that is output of a manufacturing process. true plan specification PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications. 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231. Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved Alan Ruttenberg Clint Dowland OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use the plan specification A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) Technical materials are complex aggregates. Many properties that are determined for those aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property. Extensive properties that depend on the object being tested rather than on the portion of matter are (extensive) object- or system-properties. material property a disposition of a portion of matter that is realized in a compatible process and whose realization is grounded in the portions intensive qualities true Due to the duality of object and portion of matter this axiom can not be an equivalent class axiom. also see "The Ontology of Fields" - Report of a specialist meeting held under the auspices of the varenius project: Donna Peuquet, Barry Smith, and Berit Brogaard; Bar Harbor, Maine 1998 vector field specification Vector field specification is a value specification that represents an assignment of a vector to each point in a discretized spatial region. an attribute of a process Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class. process attribute process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019 Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property process characteristic a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process. Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process true workflow function A plan specification representing a callable software method that prescribes a specific computational action, including execution instructions and a defined set of input and output specifications. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246 workflow node A computing process that executes a workflow function within a workflow run, consuming input data and producing output data according to the function’s specifications. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246 workflow definition A plan specification that prescribes the ordered application of one or more workflow functions, including their interconnections via input and output specifications, in order to achieve a specified computational objective. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246 parameter specification A directive information entity that specifies a parameter required or produced by a workflow function, including its intended role, position, and constraints. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246 input specification A parameter specification that prescribes a data item required as input for the execution of a workflow function. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246 output specification A parameter specification that prescribes a data item intended to be produced as output by the execution of a workflow function. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246 workflow run A computing process that realizes a workflow definition by executing its prescribed workflow nodes in a concrete temporal order, consuming and producing specific data items. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/246 simulation entity role Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context Schmelzprozess melting process Ein Schmelzvorgang ist ein thermisch induzierter Prozess, bei dem ein festes Material einen Phasenübergang in einen flüssigen Zustand erfährt. Er beinhaltet die Absorption von Wärme und findet bei oder oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Materials statt. a thermally induced change of aggregate state during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point. The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion. Heizfunktion heating function A temperature change function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction. Eine Heizfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die ein System oder Gerät in die Lage versetzt, die Wärmeenergie eines Materials zu erhöhen, um die für die Verarbeitung, Umwandlung oder Reaktion erforderlichen Temperaturen zu erreichen. The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace. Kühlfunktion cooling function A temperature change function that enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold. Eine Kühlfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die es einem System oder Gerät ermöglicht, die Temperatur eines Materials zu senken, häufig um die Erstarrung zu steuern oder einen stabilen Zustand unterhalb eines gewünschten thermischen Schwellenwerts aufrechtzuerhalten. The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting. An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking. Schmelzofen melting furnace A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt. Ein Schmelzofen ist ein Gerät, das eine Schmelzfunktion hat und in der Regel dazu dient, die Temperatur eines festen Materials zu erhöhen, um seine Umwandlung in eine Schmelze einzuleiten und aufrechtzuerhalten. Schmelzfunktion melting function A heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point. Eine Schmelzfunktion ist eine Heizfunktion, die es einem Gerät oder System ermöglicht, den Phasenübergang eines festen Materials in eine Flüssigkeit einzuleiten oder aufrechtzuerhalten, indem seine Temperatur über den Schmelzpunkt angehoben wird. The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts. input assignment Input assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as input to the computing process https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278 output assignment Output assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as output to the computing process https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278 For any temporally qualified continuant x@t, there exists a continuant y such that x@t has_state y, meaning that y is the anchor continuant of which x@t is a temporal phase existing at temporal regions t. The relation has_state is functional and signifies that all such temporally qualified continuants are uniquely associated with their basic anchor continuant. temporally qualified continuant A temporally qualified continuant is a continuant that, by reference to a determinate temporal region, is such as to possess its properties only for so long as that period obtains, being otherwise in its essentiality unchanged. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185 mold mould A device consisting of a hollowed-out cavity that shapes fluid or plastic material into a specific form through the process of solidification or cooling. function name A textual entity that denotes a workflow function import path A textual entity that denotes a workflow function via import resolution rules hardening toughening A manufacturing process that increases the strength and hardness of a material. ion-exchange hardening Hardening process used in glass manufacturing where ions in the glass are replaced by larger ions from a solution which create compressive stress and increased hardness. nonlinear optical property optical non-linearity Optical property that is dependent on the intensity of the input light. geological process https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies/gemet/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eionet.europa.eu%2Fgemet%2Fconcept%2F3648&obsoletes=false&lang=en A natural process that operates within the Earth system to transform, transport, or deform Earth materials, thereby changing Earth structures and landforms superconducting The disposition of a material to conduct electricity without electrical resistance or infinite electrical conductance respectively. dielectric disposition The disposition of an electric insulator to be polarized when subjected to an electric field. conventional ceramics manufacturing A manufacturing process that relies on traditional and manual methods to produce ceramics. forming green bodies by hand using a bonfire, pit or kiln for firing/sintering clay material that is naturally occurring, fine-grained earthy and composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, formed by the geological processes structural composite composite of material that is multi-layered and normally low-density, engineered for applications requiring structural integrity through high tensile, compressive, and torsional strengths and stiffnesses laminated composite A structural composite composed of two-dimensional sheets or panels (plies or laminae) bonded to one another, where each ply possesses a preferred high-strength direction sandwich panel composite A structural composite designed as a lightweight beam or panel consisting of two stiff and strong outer face sheets separated by a lightweight core layer with a low modulus of elasticity metal matrix composite composite consisting of a metal or alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials MMC polymer matrix composite composite consisting of a polymer matrix and one or more reinforcement materials PMC laminate ply role a single two-dimensional sheet that provides a specific high-strength orientation within a multi-layered stack doc string A docstring is a textual entity that describes an associated section of some source code https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/270 sandwich sheet sandwich sheet role a stiff, strong material that carries bending loads through tensile and compressive stresses when integrated into a panel assembly sandwich core sandwich core role a lightweight, low-density material that maintains the separation of face sheets and withstands transverse shear stresses mineral A mineral is a naturally occurring material characterized by a defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure, formed through natural geological or biological processes. 1D 1D is a data item representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis. true 2D A two-dimensional data item is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena. true TODO: axiom needs refinement ASTM grainsize The ASTM grain size is a quality that is measured through a process that follows the ASTM standard. true Ab Initio MD Simulation ab initio molecular dynamics simulation A simulation process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters. Ein Simulationsprozess, der quantenmechanische Berechnungen verwendet, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme ohne empirische Parameter vorherzusagen. Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties. acoustic absorption coefficient The acoustic absorption coefficient is an acoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area. true acoustic property An acoustic property is a material property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission. true Akustische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren acoustical property analyzing process An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed. Eine Analyse, die die akustischen Eigenschaften von Materialien misst, indem es analysiert, wie Schallwellen mit dem Material interagieren. Dieser Prozess umfasst die Erzeugung von Schallwellen und die Beobachtung ihrer Reflexion, Übertragung, Absorption oder Streuung, um Eigenschaften wie akustische Impedanz, Absorptionskoeffizient und Schallgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen. For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects. Additive Fertigungsgerät additive manufacturing device A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing. Ein Gerät zur Herstellung von Objekten Schicht für Schicht durch additive Verfahren wie 3D-Druck. Adhäsionsprüfverfahren adhesion testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Stärke der Haftung zwischen zwei verklebten Oberflächen misst und die Qualität der Klebeverbindungen bewertet. Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components. A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw. Einstellungsgeräterolle adjustment device role A device role that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process. Rolle eines Gerätes, das zum Einstellen eines anderen Gerätes (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole) verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. 1 aggregate state an intensive quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gasous true Alterungsprozess aging process Das Aging oder Auslagern ist ein Anlassvorgang, der den Martensit (Härtungsgefüge) wieder duktil und verformbar macht. Dabei wird ein Agingvorgang genutzt, nämlich die Bildung von Ausscheidungen in Form von FeXCY - Carbiden The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution. The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase. acoustic wave a mechanical wave of pressure disturbances that propagates through a medium by local compression and rarefaction impact impact is a short-duration, high-force interaction porcess between two bodies in contact flow of electric charge is the process of movement of charged particles heat flow is a process in which transfer of thermal energy between or within material entities occurs generation of magnetic field is a process that occurs as a reaction to change of elctric field or movement of charges and produces a magnetic field mechanical process is a process in which forces, moments, or imposed displacements to objects or object aggregates occur and/or the equivalent (stresses, strains) to materials or portions of matter Assemblierungsprozess assembling process An assembling process is a manufacturing process that mounts or demounts components. Atomkraftmikroskop atomic force microscope A microscope that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe. Ein Mikroskop, das die Oberflächentopographie von Materialien im Nanobereich durch Abtasten mit einer mechanischen Sonde kartiert. AFM atomic structure The atomic structure is an object aggregate that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties. true Atomistische Monte Carlo Simulation atomistic monte carlo simulation A monte carlo simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions. Ein Monte Carlo Simulationsprozess, der sich auf die atomare Skala konzentriert, bei dem die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Materialien durch die Betrachtung einzelner Atome und ihrer Wechselwirkungen modelliert werden. Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity. Bandsäge bandsaw A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic. Eine Bandsäge ist eine Art von Säge, die ein kontinuierliches, endloses Sägeblatt in Form eines Bands verwendet. Dieses Sägeblatt ist in der Regel eine schmale, flexible Stahlklinge mit Zähnen entlang einer Kante. Die Bandsäge ist in eine geschlossene Schleife montiert und wird über zwei Räder geführt, von denen mindestens eines angetrieben wird. Die Funktionsweise der Bandsäge ermöglicht präzise und effiziente Schnitte in unterschiedlichen Materialien, einschließlich Holz, Metall und Kunststoff. Biegeversuchmaschine bending testing machine A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Biegefestigkeit und Flexibilität von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Last und Messung der Verformung. Biegeprüfverfahren bending testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Biegekräfte misst und seine Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit bestimmt. Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application. Analyseverfahren der Biokompatibilität biocompatibility analyzing process A biological property analyzing process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response. An example of a biocompatibility analyzing process is an in vitro cell culture test, where cells are cultured in the presence of the implant material to observe any cytotoxic effects, such as changes in cell morphology, proliferation rate, or cell viability. Ein Biologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verträglichkeit eines Materials mit lebenden Geweben bewertet, um sicherzustellen, dass es keine nachteilige biologische Reaktion hervorruft. Biologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren biological property analyzing process An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells. Eine Analyse, die die Wechselwirkung von Materialien mit biologischen Systemen untersucht, einschließlich Biokompatibilität, Abbaubarkeit, Toxizität und der Auswirkungen von Materialien auf lebende Organismen und Zellen. “Blank.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022. Rohling-Rolle blank role Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation. boiling point The boiling point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the liquid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa). true Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506 A brinell hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf. true brinell hardness An indentation hardness scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load. true bulk The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena. true bulk modulus The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression. true Brennen burning Firing Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, der das Brennen beinhaltet, bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Anwendung großer Hitze, die oft zu einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Zersetzung führt, um die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials zu verändern, was zu Veränderungen wie Härtung, Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung oder Verringerung der Masse führt, a 'changing properties of material' process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass, Firing in Pottery CNC-Maschine cnc machine A CNC machine is a forming machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks. Eine CNC-Maschine ist eine Formmaschine, die zur präzisen Steuerung von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen für Schneid-, Bohr-, Fräs- und andere Aufgaben computergestützte numerische Steuerung verwendet. CNC-Schweißmaschine cnc welding machine A cnc machine that performs welding operations. Eine CNC-Schweißmaschine ist eine CNC-Maschine, die Schweißoperationen ausführt. Kalibrierungsgeräterolle calibration device role A device role that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process. Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibrieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. true https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caliper Messschieber caliper A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses Messgerät mit zwei in der Regel verstellbaren Armen, Schenkeln oder Klemmbacken, das vor allem zur Messung der Abmessungen von Gegenständen, wie z. B. des Durchmessers oder der Dicke, verwendet wird Classified by morphology. ceramic Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications. true change of aggregate state a phase transformation (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in portion of matter true change of temperature change of temperature is a process in which a particpant changes its temperature true Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition Stoffeigenschaft Ändern changing properties of material Changing Of Material Properties Property Alteration A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes. Ein Herstellungsprozess, der die Merkmale des Materials, aus dem ein Werkstück gefertigt ist, modifiziert, was unter anderem durch Vorgänge im submikroskopischen oder atomaren Bereich erfolgt, wie etwa durch Atomdiffusion, die Versetzungsentstehung und -bewegung im Atomgitter oder durch chemische Reaktionen, wobei die dabei auftretenden Formveränderungen nicht charakteristisch für diese Verfahren sind. Heat Treatment See the editor note of composition to understand the difference between composition and chemical composition. See the pattern example of composition to underatand the difference between composition and proportion. chemical composition The chemical composition is an intensive quality of a portion of matter which describes the types and proportions of pure chemical elements in the portion of matter, and it is a subject of some chemical composition data item. true Material has quality chemical composition. Chemical composition is a subject of chemical composition data item. Chemical composition data item has members fraction value specifications (which have a numeral and a unit). Material has part portion of carbon. Material has relational quality mass proportion. Portion of carbon has relational quality mass proportion. Mass propotion is specified by value fraction value specification. Same approach for all chemical elements. Analyseverfahren für die chemische Zusammensetzung chemical composition analyzing process A structural property analyzing process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds. Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die chemische Zusammensetzung eines Materials bestimmt, indem es dessen Bestandteile und Verbindungen identifiziert und quantifiziert. chemical potential an intensive quality of a thermodynamic system describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure. true Chemische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren chemical property analyzing process An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds. Eine Analyse, die die chemische Zusammensetzung, Reaktivität und chemische Stabilität von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung chemischer Elemente und Verbindungen. Chromatographiefunktion chromatography function A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen. true Chromatographieverfahren chromatography process A structural property analyzing process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase. Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gemisch durch ihre Verteilung zwischen einer mobilen und einer stationären Phase ermöglicht. Chromatographiesystem chromatography system A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase. Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Gemischen in einzelne Komponenten unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule und einer mobilen Phase. Kreissäge circular saw Die Kreissäge ist eine elektrische oder motorisierte Säge, die durch ein rundes, kreisförmiges Sägeblatt angetrieben wird. Das Sägeblatt einer Kreissäge ist mit Zähnen entlang seines Randes ausgestattet, die dazu dienen, das Material zu schneiden, wenn es in die Säge eingespeist wird. Kreissägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und können für verschiedene Materialien wie Holz, Metall, Kunststoff und sogar Gestein verwendet werden, abhängig vom spezifischen Sägeblatt, das installiert ist. The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed. Tischkreissäge circular table saw A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts. Eine stationäre Kreissäge, die in eine Tischplatte eingebaut ist. Sie wird oft in Werkstätten für präzise Holzschnitte verwendet. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592 Reinigen cleaning A separating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning. Ein Trennprozess, bei dem unerwünschtes Material von einer Oberfläche durch Reinigungsmethoden entfernt wird, die Verfahren wie Strahlen, Waschen oder chemische Reinigung umfassen können. Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning Reinigungsgerät cleaning device A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces. Ein Gerät zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen von Materialien oder Oberflächen. Coarse Grained Simulation coarse grained simulation Ein Multiskalensimulation Prozess, der das System vereinfacht, indem Atome oder Moleküle zu größeren Partikeln zusammengefasst werden, wodurch die Rechenkomplexität verringert wird und die Untersuchung größerer Systeme oder längerer Zeitskalen ermöglicht wird. Multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition Beschichten coating A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential. Ein Herstellungsprozess, der darauf abzielt, eine dauerhaft haftende Schicht aus einem Material ohne Form auf ein Werkstück aufzubringen, wobei der unmittelbare Zustand des Beschichtungsmaterials direkt vor dem Auftragen entscheidend ist. Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion coating application function A coating application function is a coating function that is realized in applying a coating to a surface. Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen. true Beschichten Durch Löten coating by soldering A coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques. Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Löten beinhaltet. Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards. Beschichten Durch Schweissen coating by welding A coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques. Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Schweißen beinhaltet. Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay. Beschichtungsgerät coating device A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance. Ein Gerät zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung oder Schicht auf Materialien zur Verbesserung ihrer Eigenschaften oder ihres Aussehens. Beschichten Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand coating from the gaseous or vapour state Vakuumbeschichten A coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state. Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Beschichten Aus Dem Körnigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand coating from the granular or powdery state A coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state. Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. Powder coating of metal parts. Beschichten Aus Dem Ionisierten Zustand coating from the ionized state A coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state. Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings. Beschichten Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand coating from the liquid state A coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state. Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. Electroplating of metals. Beschichten Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand coating from the plastic state A coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state. Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating. Beschichten Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand coating from the pulpy or pasty state A coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state. Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand beinhaltet. Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls. Beschichtungsfunktion coating function A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance. Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern. true Farbmessgerät colorimeter A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis. Ein Gerät zur Messung der Farbe einer Probe, häufig verwendet in der Qualitätskontrolle und Materialanalyse. composite An object aggregate that consists of two or more bonded materials with dissimilar physical or chemical properties which are used to complement each other where the parts remain seperate and distinct in the resulting object aggregate. carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminated glass wood hard metal composites for abrasive tools true Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1 Zusammensetzen compounding Putting Together A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product. Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem verschiedene Komponenten oder Unterbaugruppen zu einer komplexen Einheit zusammengefügt werden. Es wird üblicherweise in Fertigungsprozessen verwendet, bei denen mehrere Teile zu einem Endprodukt zusammengefügt werden. Interlocking, Layering Compoundiermaschine compounding machine A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties. Ein Gerät zur Mischung oder Compoundierung von Materialien, um gewünschte Eigenschaften zu erreichen. Druckprüfmaschine compression testing machine A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Druckkraft. Druckprüfverfahren compression testing process A mechanical property analyzing processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials unter Druckkräften bestimmt und seine Druckfestigkeit und seinen Druckmodul misst. Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction. Computer computing device A device that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs. Ein Gerät, das eine Ausführungsumgebung bspw. für Simulationsprozesse oder Vorhersagemodelle bereitstellt. Ein Rechenknoten kann virtuell (bspw. ein Container oder eine virtuelle Maschine) oder physisch (z. B. ein Bare-Metal-Server) ausgestaltet sein und verwendet in der Regel digitale Repräsentationen von Objekten als Eingaben und erzeugt digitale Messungen, wie z.B. Simulationsergebnisse oder Vorhersagen, als Ausgaben. The subclass trees of "Computing Process" are currently still proposals and serve as a working basis for the discussion round with the simulation/workflow domain experts. Datenverarbeitung Rechenprozess computing process A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals. Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen. Konditionierungsprozess conditioning process A conditioning process is a manufacturing process that sets a material entity to predefined environmental conditions. Diese Aktivität beschreibt den Prozess und die Maßnahmen, die ergriffen werden, um einen materiellen Gegenstand auf vordefinierte Umgebungsbedingungen einzustellen. continuous simulation A simulation method specification where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time. true absorption of corpuscular radiation process of taking up corpuscular radiation by a material entity crack growth The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress. true Kriechprüfmaschine creep testing machine A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens von Materialien unter konstanter Belastung bei hohen Temperaturen. Kriechprüfverfahren creep testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verformung eines Materials über die Zeit unter konstanter Belastung und Temperatur bewertet und sein Kriechverhalten bestimmt. Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming. Kryogefrierschrank cryogenic freezer A cryogenic freezer is a temperature change device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C. A device used to preserve materials at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C. Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen zu konservieren, typischerweise unter -150°C. Ein Kryogefrierschrank ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen konserviert, oft unter -150°C. 1 The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described e.g. by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space. crystal structure an intensive qualtty of a crystal that embodies the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystal lattice. true Trennen Funktion cut function Schneidfunktion A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices. Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen. true Deep Learning deep learning A simulation process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data. Ein Simulationsprozess, der künstliche neuronale Netze mit vielen Schichten verwendet, um komplexe Muster in Daten zu modellieren. Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials. DL defect density an intensive quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties true deformation The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material often under the influence of stress or force. true density The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume. true deterministic simulation A simulation method specification where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability. true Gerät device A device is an object that is designed to perform a specific function or task involving measurement, manipulation, processing, or analysis. Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien. true Rolle eines Gerätes device role Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann. true dielectric constant The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field. true Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter differential scanning calorimeter A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature. Ein Gerät zur Messung des Wärmeflusses, der mit Phasenübergängen in einer Probe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur verbunden ist. Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie-Verfahren differential scanning calorimetry process A thermal property analyzing process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions. Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Wärmestrom in oder aus einem Material misst, während es erhitzt, gekühlt oder bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, um seine thermischen Übergänge wie Schmelzen, Kristallisation und Glasübergänge zu bestimmen. Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior. DSC Differenzthermoanalyse-Verfahren differential thermal analysis process A thermal property analyzing process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions. Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial misst, während sie einem kontrollierten Temperaturprogramm unterzogen werden, um Phasenübergänge und Reaktionen zu identifizieren. Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics. DTA Differentialthermometer differential thermal analyzer A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled. Ein Gerät zur Messung des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial beim Erhitzen oder Abkühlen. Dimensionierungsfunktion dimension measuring function A measuring function performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material. Eine Messfunktion um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen. true Dimensions Messprozess dimension measuring process A structural property analyzing process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision. Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die physikalischen Dimensionen eines Materials oder Objekts, wie Länge, Breite, Höhe, Durchmesser und Dicke, mit hoher Genauigkeit und Präzision bestimmt. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591 Zerlegen disassembling A separating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections. Ein Trennprozess, bei dem eine zusammengesetzte oder montierte Einheit in ihre Einzelteile oder Abschnitte zerlegt wird. Dismantling, Emptying discrete-event simulation A simulation method specification where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes. true Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588 Zerteilen dividing A separating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical. Ein Trennprozess, bei dem das Material durch Techniken wie Scherschneiden, Spalten, Reißen oder Brechen in verschiedene Teile zerlegt wird. Es wird in der Regel bei Prozessen eingesetzt, bei denen eine genaue Kontrolle über den Schnitt weniger wichtig ist. Shearing, Cracking Bohrmaschine drilling machine A forming machine that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit. Eine Formmaschine, die Löcher in einem Werkstück durch ein sich drehendes Bohrwerkzeug erzeugt. Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse-Verfahren dynamic mechanical analysis process A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, welcher die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Zeit, Frequenz und Spannung misst und dessen viskoelastisches Verhalten bestimmt. Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures. DMA Dynamischer mechanischer Analysator dynamic mechanical analyzer A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time. Ein Gerät zur Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien als Funktion von Temperatur, Frequenz und Zeit. elastic modulus represents a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region. true electric potential an extensvie quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field. true electrical conductivity The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition. true electrical property An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity. true Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren electrical property analyzing process An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities. Eine Analyse, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, dielektrischer Festigkeit und elektrischer Ladungsspeicherkapazitäten. Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine electron beam welding machine An electron beam welding machine is a welding device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment. Eine Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine ist ein Schweißgerät, das einen hochgeschwindigen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um Materialien miteinander zu verschmelzen, typischerweise in einer Vakuumumgebung. “Electron microscope.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022. Elektronenmikroskop electron microscope A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure. An electron-optical instrument in which a beam of electrons is used to produce an enlarged image of a minute object. Ein Gerät, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. Elektronenmikroskopie electron microscopy A microscopy process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures. Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild eines Objekts zu erzeugen, wodurch eine hochauflösende Visualisierung der Oberfläche und der inneren Strukturen des Materials ermöglicht wird. An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution. Elektronenspektroskopie electron spectroscopy A spectroscopy process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles. Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Energieverteilung von Elektronen untersucht, die aus einer Probe emittiert werden, wenn diese mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt oder mit Teilchen bombardiert wird. Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy. emission of corpuscular radiation The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system. true emission of radiation The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material. true emission of wave radiation The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system. true Empirische Potential MD Simulation empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation A simulation process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems. Ein Simulationsprozess, der empirische Potentiale verwendet, die aus experimentellen Daten abgeleitet sind, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme zu modellieren. Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials. Umweltschrank environmental chamber A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices. Ein Gerät zur Simulation von Umweltbedingungen wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Druck zur Prüfung von Materialien und Geräten. workflow executor role A role that inheres in an agent and is realized by the agent’s participation in a workflow run, in which the agent carries out, controls, or is responsible for the execution of a workflow according to a workflow definition. evolution of damage An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses. true “Extensometer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022. extensometer A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting. Materialermüdungsprüfmaschine fatigue testing machine A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Ermüdungsresistenz von Materialien, indem diese wiederholten Belastungszyklen ausgesetzt werden. Ermüdungsprüfverfahren fatigue testing process S-N testing process fatigue testing series Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, zyklischen Belastungen standzuhalten, und seine Ermüdungslebensdauer und -grenze bestimmt. Fatigue testing process is a mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit. It must have occurent parts single fatigue tests. Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions. ferrous metal metal that has iron as primary constituent Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2 Füllen filling A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts. Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial verwendet wird, um Teile zu verbinden. Impregnating, Soaking Durchflusszytometer flow cytometer A flow cytometer is a device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. Ein Durchflusszytometer ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Zell- oder Partikelpopulation zu messen. Kraftmessfunktion force measuring function A measuring function performed to determine the force applied to or by an object. Eine Messfunktion um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen. true formation of notch or scratch The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties. true Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition Umformen forming Shaping A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity. Ein Herstellungsprozess, der durch plastische Umformung die Gestalt eines festen Körpers verändert, wobei sowohl die Masse als auch die strukturelle Integrität erhalten bleiben. Tension Forming, Compression Forming Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586 Biegeumformen forming by bending A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries. Ein Umform Prozess, der das Biegen von Materialien beinhaltet und typischerweise bei der Bearbeitung von Blechen, Rohren oder Profilen zu gekrümmten Formen oder Winkeln eingesetzt wird, wie es in der Metallverarbeitung und in der verarbeitenden Industrie üblich ist. Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement Formmaschine forming machine A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing. Ein Gerät zur Formgebung von Materialien unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, einschließlich Zug-, Druck- und Scherbedingungen. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1 Zugdruckumformen forming under compressive and tensile conditions A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material. Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem sowohl Zug- als auch Druckkräfte auf ein Material ausgeübt werden. Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1 Druckumformen forming under compressive conditions A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure. Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien unter Druck verformt werden. Er wird üblicherweise bei Techniken wie Walzen und Gesenkformen eingesetzt, bei denen Metall durch Druck in Form gebracht wird. Rolling, Coining Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587 Schubumformen forming under shearing conditions A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces. Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Werkstoffe durch Verschieben oder Verdrehen verformt werden. Es wird häufig bei Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Werkstoffe durch Anwendung von Torsionskräften geformt werden. Twisting, Displacement Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1 Zugumformen forming under tensile conditions A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes. Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien gestreckt oder gedehnt werden, um die gewünschten Abmessungen oder Formen zu erreichen. Expanding, Stretch Forming Bruchzähigkeitsprüfverfahren fracture toughness testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, der Rissausbreitung zu widerstehen, und seine Bruchzähigkeit bestimmt. Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress. Classified by the role in a system. functional material A functional material F is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying. true “Furnace.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023. Ofen furnace A device that generates and contains high-intensity thermal energy within an insulated enclosure. Ein Gerät, das hochintensive thermische Energie innerhalb eines isolierten Gehäuses erzeugt und speichert. Gaschromatographie Verfahren gas chromatography process A chromatography process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase. Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Verbindungen trennt und analysiert, die ohne Zersetzung verdampft werden können, indem ein Gas als mobile Phase und eine feste oder flüssige stationäre Phase verwendet wird. Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix. Gaschromatographiesystem gas chromatography system A chromatography system used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column. Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie Verfahren gel permeation chromatography process A chromatography process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography. Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Größe trennt, indem die Probe durch eine poröse Gelmatrix geleitet wird, auch bekannt als Größenausschlusschromatographie. Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample. Gelpermeations-Chromatographiesystem gel permeation chromatography system A chromatography system used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography. Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Polymeren basierend auf ihrer Molekülgröße durch Gelpermeationschromatographie. Generatives Deep Learning generative deep learning A deep learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data. Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Modelle erstellt, die in der Lage sind, neue Dateninstanzen zu erzeugen, die den Trainingsdaten ähneln. Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength. Classified by morphology. It is often composed of silica-based compounds. glass A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt. true Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8 Kleben glueing Bonding A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace. Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem Klebstoffe verwendet werden, um Materialien miteinander zu verbinden. Es eignet sich für eine Vielzahl von Materialien, darunter Metalle, Kunststoffe und Verbundstoffe, und wird in verschiedenen Anwendungen von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt. Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding) crystallite kristallit Korn grain A crystal grain is a crystal that is part of a polycrystal. true Gravimetrischer Analysator gravimetric analyzer A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration. Ein Gerät zur Messung der Masse einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Konzentration. Gravimetrisches Analyseverfahren gravimetrical analyzing process A structural property analyzing process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance. Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Menge einer Substanz durch ihre Masse misst und dabei häufig die Fällung, Filtration, Trocknung und Wägung der Substanz umfasst. An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate. Schleifmaschine grinding machine A grinding machine is a forming machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work. Eine Schleifmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die ein Schleifrad verwendet, um Material von der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks zu entfernen, typischerweise für Feinarbeiten oder Präzisionsarbeiten. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grips Halterungsklemmen grips Diese Gerät beschreibt ein Bauelement / Teil, mit dem etwas, normalerweise ein materielles Objekt, fest gegriffen oder eingespannt wird. Typischerweise sind Halterungen, Klemm- bzw. Spannsysteme Teil eines Befestigungssystems (Prozessknoten), das sich auf ein Prüfsystem bezieht. This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system. Bügelsäge hacksaw A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs. Eine Bügelsäge ist eine Art Handsäge zum Schneiden verschiedener Materialien, insbesondere Metall. Sie besteht aus einem fein gezahnten Blatt, das in einem Rahmen gespannt ist, und einem Griff. Der Rahmen einer Bügelsäge ist in der Regel C-förmig, so dass das Blatt bei Bedarf leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Bügelsägen werden häufig bei der Metallbearbeitung und anderen Anwendungen eingesetzt, bei denen ein kontrollierter und präziser Schnitt durch Metall erforderlich ist. Die feinen Zähne des Sägeblatts ermöglichen ein effizientes Schneiden durch Metall, und der gespannte Rahmen sorgt für Stabilität während des Schneidens. Bügelsägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und werden häufig für Aufgaben wie das Schneiden von Rohren, Stangen und Blechen verwendet. Sie sind in verschiedenen Größen und Zahnkonfigurationen erhältlich, um verschiedenen Schneidanforderungen gerecht zu werden. half-life The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half radioactive decay, material degradation true hand holdable disposition in der Hand haltbar Disposion eines Objektes, das per Hand gehalten, betrieben oder verwendet werden kann. Disposition of an object that can be hold, operated or used manually. Handkreissäge hand circular saw A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork. Die Handkreissäge is eine tragbare Kreissäge, die von Hand geführt wird. Sie eignet sich gut für präzise Schnitte bei Bau- und Holzarbeiten. Handsäge handsaw Die Handsäge ist eine manuell betriebene Säge, die dazu dient, verschiedene Materialien, insbesondere Holz, zu schneiden. Diese Art von Säge besteht typischerweise aus einem langen, dünnen Blatt mit Zähnen, das an einem Griff befestigt ist. Der Griff ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, die Säge von Hand zu führen und den Schnitt durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen des Blatts zu erzeugen. Handsägen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen erhältlich, je nach der beabsichtigten Anwendung. Es gibt beispielsweise Handsägen für Holz, Metall oder Kunststoff, und sie können unterschiedliche Zahngeometrien und Blattlängen aufweisen, um optimal auf verschiedene Schneidanforderungen abgestimmt zu sein. The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements. Verfestigen Durch Umformen hardening by forming A changing properties of material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation. Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die Eigenschaften des Materials durch mechanische Verformung verändert. Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength. hardness The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods. true Härteprüfgerät hardness tester A hardness tester is a hardness testing machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation. Ein Härteprüfgerät ist eine Härteprüfmaschine, die den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung, typischerweise durch Eindrücken, misst. Härteprüfmaschine hardness testing machine A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests. Ein Gerät zur Messung der Härte von Materialien durch verschiedene Prüfmethoden wie Eindrück- oder Kratzversuche. Härteprüfverfahren hardness testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung misst und typischerweise Eindringverfahren verwendet, um die Härte zu bestimmen. Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications. heat capacity The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount. true Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. mixing A material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output. Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition Wärmebehandlung heat treatment Wärmebehandeln A changing properties of material process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure. Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem durch eine Reihe von Verfahrensschritten ein festes (Eisen-)Produkt ganz oder teilweise bestimmten Zeit-Temperatur-Abfolgen ausgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, seine Eigenschaften und/oder seine innere Struktur zu modifizieren. Annealing, Ageing, Hardening Wärmebehandlungsgerät heat treatment device A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties. Ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Materialien durch Erwärmungs- und Abkühlungsprozesse zur Veränderung ihrer Eigenschaften. Wärmebehandlungsfunktion heat treatment function A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes. Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern. true Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie Verfahren high-performance liquid chromatography process A chromatography process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase. Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Komponenten in einer flüssigen Probe trennt, identifiziert und quantifiziert, indem hoher Druck verwendet wird, um die Probe durch eine mit einer stationären Phase gefüllte Säule zu leiten. High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation. Hochdurchsatzsimulation high throughput simulation A simulation process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions. Ein Simulationsprozess, der eine große Anzahl von Simulationen automatisch durchführt, um eine breite Palette von Bedingungen zu erkunden. Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications. Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographiesystem high performance liquid chromatography system A chromatography system used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography. Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung, Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in Flüssigkeitsproben durch Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie. Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographiesystem high temperature gas chromatography system A gas chromatography system used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column. Ein Gaschromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch bei hohen Temperaturen unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. hybrid simulation A simulation method specification that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior. true Schlagprüfverfahren impact testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bestimmt, Energie zu absorbieren und Schlagkräfte zu widerstehen, typischerweise unter Verwendung von Pendel- oder Fallgewichtsprüfgeräten. Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries. indentation hardness The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness. true e.g., air into glass refraction (optical) Optical property which describes the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another due to a change in the light’s speed. true Induktionsofen induction furnace An induction furnace is a furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material. Ein Induktionsofen ist ein Ofen, der Materialien durch elektromagnetische Induktion erhitzt, wobei die Wärme direkt im Material erzeugt wird. Spritzgießmaschine injection molding machine An injection molding machine is a device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure. Eine Spritzgießmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen. Ionenaustauschchromatographie Verfahren ion exchange chromatography process A chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample. Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Ionen und polare Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Ladung trennt, indem ein Ionenaustauscherharz verwendet wird, um die Ionen aus der Probe anzuziehen und zu halten. Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization. Ionenaustausch-Chromatographiesystem ion exchange chromatography system A chromatography system used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column. Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung von Ionen in einer Probe unter Verwendung von Ionenaustauschharzen in einer chromatographischen Säule. Ionenmikroskop ion microscope A microscope that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample. Ein Mikroskop, das Ionen verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. Ionenmikroskopie ion microscopy A microscopy process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling. Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen fokussierten Ionenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild einer Probe zu erzeugen, hochauflösende Bilder und Zusammensetzungsinformationen liefert und häufig für Oberflächenanalysen und Tiefenprofilierung verwendet wird. An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images. Ionen-Spektrometer ion spectrometer A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration. Ein Gerät zur Analyse von Ionen in einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung und Konzentration. Ionenspektroskopie ion spectroscopy A spectroscopy process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions. Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Ionen in einer Probe analysiert, indem es ihre Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern oder anderen Ionen misst. Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy. Bestrahlen irradiating A changing properties of material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes. Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials durch Bestrahlung verändert und verbessert werden. Polymer Curing absorption of radiation process of taking up radiation by a material entity Irradiationsgerät irradiation device A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties. Ein Gerät zum Aussetzen von Materialien gegenüber Strahlung zur Induktion von Veränderungen ihrer Eigenschaften. Irradiationsfunktion irradiation function A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties. Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern. true Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0 Fügen joining A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall. Ein Herstellungsprozess, der das dauerhafte Verbinden oder das Zusammenfügen von zwei oder mehr Werkstücken mit spezifischer, fester Form oder von solchen Werkstücken mit einem formlosen Material ermöglicht, wobei der Zusammenhalt an spezifischen Stellen erzeugt und insgesamt verstärkt wird. Joining By Welding, Assembling Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4 Fügen durch Urformen joining by primary shaping Joining By Master Forming A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material. Ein Fügeverfahren, bei dem ein Teil oder eine Komponente aus einem flüssigen oder halbflüssigen Material in seine endgültige Form gebracht wird. Pouring, Embedding, Encasing Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5 Fügen Durch Umformen joining by shaping Joining By Forming A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging. Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem eine oder mehrere Komponenten verformt werden, um eine mechanische Verriegelung oder Passung zu erreichen, die üblicherweise für Pressverbindungen, Crimpen oder Schmieden verwendet wird. Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7 Fügen Durch Löten joining by soldering A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications. Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial (Lot) verwendet wird, um Metallteile zu verbinden, indem das Lot zwischen ihnen geschmolzen wird, ohne die Grundmaterialien zu schmelzen. Diese Technik wird häufig in der Elektronik und im Sanitärbereich eingesetzt. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine starke, leitfähige Verbindung, die für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet ist. Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6 Fügen Durch Schweißen joining by welding A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components. Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem zwei oder mehr Metallteile durch Anwendung von Hitze, Druck oder beidem verschmolzen werden, oft unter Zugabe eines Füllstoffs. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine dauerhafte und starke Verbindung, die in der Fertigung und im Bauwesen für dauerhafte Strukturen und Komponenten unerlässlich ist. Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding Verbindungsgerät joining device A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering. Ein allgemeines Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden, einschließlich Schweißen und Löten. Verbindungsfunktion joining function A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering. Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden. true Messer knife A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances. Ein Werkzeug mit einer scharfen Schneide, üblicherweise aus Metall, das zum Schneiden von Lebensmitteln, Materialien oder anderen Substanzen verwendet wird. Laserspektroskopie laser spectroscopy A spectroscopy process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials. Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das Laserlicht verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen. Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy. Laserschneider lasercutter A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc. Ein Gerät, das Laserstrahlen verwendet, um präzise Schnitte in verschiedenen Materialien wie Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zu erzeugen. Drehmaschine lathe A lathe is a forming machine that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation. Eine Drehmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, das ein Werkstück um seine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung durchzuführen. Lichtmikroskopie light microscopy An optical microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials. Ein optisches Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um Proben zu vergrößern und zu visualisieren, wodurch die Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ermöglicht wird. An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_cell Kraftmessdose load cell A device that converts mechanical force into a measurable signal by sensing the physical deformation of a structural element. Maschinelles Lernen machine learning A simulation process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data. Ein Simulationsprozess, der Algorithmen verwendet, um Computern das Lernen aus Daten und das Treffen von Vorhersagen zu ermöglichen. Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition. ML Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 Spanen Mit Geometrisch Bestimmten Schneiden machining geometrically defined A separating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations. Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit einem Werkzeug mit definierter Form und scharfen Kanten entfernt wird, wie z. B. beim Sägen und Bohren. Drilling, Turning Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 Spanen Mit Geometrisch Unbestimmten Schneiden machining geometrically undefined A separating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined. Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit Werkzeugen mit undefinierten Schneiden abgetragen wird, wie z. B. beim Schleifen oder bei der abrasiven Bearbeitung, bei der die genaue Form des zu schneidenden Teils nicht klar definiert ist. Grinding, Blasting magnetic property A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity. true https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/magnetisieren/ Magnetisieren magnetizing A changing properties of material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties. Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem ferromagnetische Stoffe einem äußeren Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden wodurch der Stoff magnetische Eigenschaften übernimmt. Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization. Magnetisierungsgerät magnetizing device A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties. Ein Gerät zur Induktion eines Magnetfelds in Materialien, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. Magnetisierungsfunktion magnetizing function A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties. Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. true Magnetische Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren magneto electrical property analyzing process An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization. Eine Analyse, die die magnetischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, Permittivität, Permeabilität und Magnetisierung. Fertigungsfunktion manufacturing function A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components. Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden. true Manufacturing processes alternate qualities of materials, i.e., a value specification of some quality of a material entity, which is a specified input to the process, cannot be the same as a value specification of the same quality of another material entity, which is a specified output of the process. Unfortunately it is not possible to write down such axiom based on OWL. Semi-working solution are the temporally qualified continuants + SPARQL constrains. Herstellungsprozess manufacturing process A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process. Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess. true map A map is a 2D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions. true Massenspektrometer mass spectrometer A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample. Ein Gerät zur Messung des Massen-zu-Ladung-Verhältnisses von Ionen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in einer Probe. Massenspektroskopie mass spectrometry A spectroscopy process that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample. Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das das Masse-zu-Ladung-Verhältnis von Ionen misst, um Moleküle in einer Probe zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry. matrix role Matrix is the role of a 'PortionOfConnectedMatter' that implies to host the Filler. true Messfunktion measuring function A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition. Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen. true The axiom that mechanical property has realization some application of mechanical load treats only conventional materials and not such effects as magnetostriction etc. mechanical property A mechanical property is a material property which is a characteristic of material M. Mechanical property has realization in a stimulating process (in most cases, application of mechanical load), and the stimulating process is an occurent part of another process, in which an object O that is an instance of M participates. true Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren mechanical property analyzing process An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads. Eine Analyse, die die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Festigkeit, Härte, Elastizität und Zugfestigkeit, oft durch Tests, die die Reaktion auf Kräfte und Lasten messen. melting point The melting point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state (or vice versa). true Classified by morphology. metal A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding. true typically observed through crystallographic analysis crystallographic texture an intensive quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a polychrystal true https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/micrometer%20caliper Bügelmessschraube micrometer gauge A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw. Diese Entität beschreibt ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung präziser Messungen mit einer Spindel, die durch eine Feingewindeschraube bewegt wird. Mikroskop microscope A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye. Ein Gerät zur Vergrößerung und Betrachtung kleiner Objekte oder Details, die mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar sind. Mikroskopie Verfahren microscopy process Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das verschiedene Arten von Mikroskopietechniken verwendet, um die Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu visualisieren und zu analysieren. Microscopy process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales. Electron microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; ion microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilities; and optical microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials. Mikroskopie The focus of interest when looking at an object through the microstructure perspective is often its morphology. microstructure A microstructure is a portion of matter that represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope. true Mikrotom microtome A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope. A device used to cut extremely thin slices of material, often for microscopic examination. Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um extrem dünne Scheiben von Material zu schneiden, oft für mikroskopische Untersuchungen. Ein Mikrotom ist ein Messgerät, das extrem dünne Scheiben von Material schneidet, oft zur Untersuchung unter einem Mikroskop. Fräsmaschine milling machine A milling machine is a forming machine that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters. Eine Fräsmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, das Bearbeitungsoperationen durchführt, um Material von einem Werkstück mithilfe von Fräsern zu entfernen. Mohs hardness Scalar scratch hardness scale used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another. true Monte Carlo Simulation monte carlo simulation A simulation process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems. Ein Simulationsprozess, der zufällige Stichproben verwendet, um physikalische und mathematische Probleme zu lösen. Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures. Multimodales Deep Learning multimodal deep learning A deep learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding. Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Daten aus mehreren Modalitäten (z.B. Text, Bilder und Audio) integriert und verarbeitet, um die Leistung zu verbessern und ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu erlangen. Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately. Multiskalensimulation multiscale simulation A simulation process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior. Ein Simulationsprozess, der Modelle auf verschiedenen Skalen integriert, um das Verhalten eines Systems zu untersuchen. Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys. Nanoindentationsverfahren nanoindentation process A mechanical property analyzing processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Härte und den elastischen Modulus von Materialien im Nanomaßstab mittels eines scharfen Eindringkörpers misst. Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices. natural organic material Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds. material derived from natural biological sources or processes true https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 chemical reaction The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure. Optisches Mikroskop optical microscope A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details. Ein Mikroskop, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um kleine Objekte oder Details zu vergrößern und zu betrachten. Optische Mikroskopie optical microscopy A microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials. Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um eine Probe zu vergrößern und abzubilden, und weit verbreitet zur Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ist. An example is Light Microscopy. Optisches Profilometer optical profilometer An optical profilometer is a surface profilometer that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface. Ein optisches Profilometer ist ein Gerät, das Oberflächenprofile und Rauheit misst, indem es die Interferenzmuster von Licht analysiert, das von der Oberfläche eines Präparats reflektiert wird. optical property An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption. true Optische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren optical property analyzing process An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence. Eine Analyse, die die optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Brechungsindex, Absorption, Transmission, Reflexion und Lumineszenz. organization PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra PERSON: Susanna Sansone GROUP: OBI organization An organization is an immaterial entity that has the organisation role and there exists some sort of legal framework that recognises the entity and its continued existence. issue: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/101 phase boundary (realization) A phase boundary is a realizable entity that is realized by the transition between distinct phases. true Photochemische Verfahren photochemical process A changing properties of material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material. Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem Licht, in der Regel ultraviolettes (UV) Licht, zur Auslösung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet wird. In der Druckindustrie und bei einigen additiven Fertigungsverfahren wird diese Lichteinwirkung zur Härtung von Fotolacken oder zur Aushärtung von Tinten und Harzen verwendet. Das Verfahren beruht auf den spezifischen Wellenlängen des Lichts, um chemische Veränderungen im Material auszulösen. Exposure physical simulation A simulation method specification describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions. true pole figure A pole figure is a map depicting a 2D stereographic projection which represents crystallographic orientations of grains in a polycrystalline material in respect to the sample's reference frame. true Poliermaschine polishing machine A polishing machine is a forming machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical. Eine Poliermaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die die Oberfläche eines Materials durch Reiben mit einem Werkzeug, Schleifmittel oder Chemikalien glättet. Classified by morphology. polymer A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by van der waals forces and hydrogen bonds. true pore growth Pore growth is an evolution of damage describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties. true connected material entity aggregate An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity. the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body true disconnected material entity aggregate An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group. a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital true powder A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggregate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted. true Präzisionsdrehmaschine precision lathe A precision lathe is a lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy. Eine Präzisionsdrehmaschine ist eine Drehmaschine, die ein Werkstück um eine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung mit extremer Genauigkeit durchzuführen. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3 Anpressen - Einpressen pressing on - in A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection. Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Bauteil mechanisch in oder auf ein anderes gepresst wird, um eine sichere Passung und damit eine feste mechanische Verbindung herzustellen. Clamps, Brackets, Wedging The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals. pressure an intensive quality describing the force exerted per unit area in or on a material. true Druckmessfunktion pressure measuring function A measuring function performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids. Eine Messfunktion, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen. true Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition Urformen primary shaping Primary Forming A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product. Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden. Casting, Sintering Urformen Durch Additive Fertigung primary shaping by additive manufacturing A primary shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch additive Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet. 3D printing of polymer objects. Urformen Durch Schweissen primary shaping by welding A primary shaping process that involves forming materials by welding. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch Schweißen beinhaltet. Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques. Urformen Aus Dem Spanförmigen Oder Faserförmigen Zustand primary shaping from the chip or fiber state A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem span- oder faserförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards. Urformen Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production. Urformen Aus Dem Körnerförmigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand primary shaping from the granular or powdered state A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts. Urformen Aus DemIonisierten Zustand primary shaping from the ionized state A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. Plasma arc welding. Urformen Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand primary shaping from the liquid state A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. Casting of molten metal into molds. Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand primary shaping from the plastic state A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. Thermoforming of plastic sheets. Urformen Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state A primary shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form. Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch den Übergang aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand in eine feste Form beinhaltet. Pottery rebound hardness The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material. true reflectivity The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects. true Reinforcement Learning reinforcement learning A deep learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones. Ein Deep Learning Prozess, der Modelle darin trainiert, Abfolgen von Entscheidungen zu treffen, indem gewünschte Aktionen belohnt und unerwünschte bestraft werden. Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects. RL Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590 Abtragen removing A separating process that involves removing material through thermal, chemical and electrochemical methods. Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material durch thermische, chemische und elektrochemische Methoden abgetragen wird. Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation Rheologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren rheological property analyzing process A mechanical property analyzing process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Deformationsverhalten von Materialien unter Einwirkung von Kräften bestimmt, einschließlich Viskosität, Elastizität und Plastizität, oft durch Rheometrie- und Viskosimetrie-Techniken. Rheometer rheometer A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids. Ein Gerät zur Messung der Fließ- und Verformungseigenschaften von Materialien, insbesondere von Flüssigkeiten und Halbfeststoffen. Rheometry rheometry Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Verformungsverhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich komplexer Flüssigkeiten und weicher Feststoffe, um umfassende Daten zu viskoelastischen Eigenschaften unter Verwendung von Rheometern zu liefern. Rheological property analyzing process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers. ANMERKUNG: Ein Sample ist ein Teil (oder das Ganze) eines Probestücks. Das Probestück wird bei der Herstellung eines industriell verwendeten Produktes gezielt für die Überprüfung des Produkteigenschaften bereitgestellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. In certain cases, the sample can be the specimen or the test piece itself. Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probe dienen. NOTE: A Sample is a part (or the whole) of a Sample product. The Sample product is specifically produced portion of an industrially used and traded product for the purpose of determining the properties/quality of the product. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized. EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4) Probe-Rolle sample role Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces. Rolle eines Objektes, das eine von einem Probestück/Material entnommene Menge ist, welche (vom Umfang her) geeignet ist Proben (Test Pieces) herzustellen. saw A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting. Eine Säge ist ein Gerät, das zum Zerteilen von Materialien, insbesondere von Holz, verwendet wird. Sie besteht in der Regel aus einem dünnen, scharfen Metallblatt, das mit Zähnen versehen ist, und einem Griff oder Rahmen, der es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, die Säge zu führen. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Sägen, die für verschiedene Anwendungen konzipiert sind, darunter Handsägen, Kreissägen, Bügelsägen und Bandsägen. Jede Art von Säge ist auf bestimmte Aufgaben und Materialien abgestimmt, um effizientes Schneiden zu ermöglichen. Säge Rasterelektronenmikroskop scanning electron microscope A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a measuring device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. Ein Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder einer Probenoberfläche erzeugt, indem es sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl abtastet. Schere pair of scissors A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials. Ein Werkzeug mit zwei scharfen Klingen, die durch Druck auf die Griffe zusammengeführt werden, um Papier, Stoff oder andere Materialien zu schneiden. A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material. scratch hardness The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material. true Kratzprüfmaschine scratch testing machine A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Kratzkraft. Ritzhärteprüfverfahren scratch testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Kratzer bewertet und seine Härte- und Haftungseigenschaften misst. Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition Trennen separating A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion. Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt. Disassembling, Removal Cutting Schubprüfmaschine shear testing machine A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation. Ein Gerät zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Schubkraft und Messung der Verformung. Schubprüfverfahren shear testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Scherkräfte misst und seine Scherfestigkeit und seinen Schermodul bestimmt. Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads. simulation method specification A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions. true Simulationsknoten simulation device A computing device that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters. Simulationsprozess simulation process A computing process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques. Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/sintern/ Sintern sintering A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating. Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, bei dem körnige und pulverförmige Stoffe, welche im ersten Schritt bereits in Form gebracht wurden, vermischt und durch Erwärmung verbunden und verdichtet werden. Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering Formatkreissäge sizing saw A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production. Eine Formatkreissäge ist eine industrielle Kreissäge, die für große Schnittformate in der Holzverarbeitung und Möbelherstellung ausgelegt ist. Schlitten slide A moving device that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects. Eine bewegliche Vorrichtung (Gerät), die von einem Teil entlang ihrer Bahn geführt wird und die Halterung für Objekte bildet. Lötgerät soldering device A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal. Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen und Auftragen eines Füllmetalls. Lötfunktion soldering function A soldering function is a joining function that is realized in connecting materials using solder. Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden. true Abplatzprüfmaschine spalling testing machine A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Materialien gegenüber Abplatzungen oder Abblätterungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. Abplatzprüfverfahren spalling testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Oberflächenabplatzungen oder Abblättern unter hohen Stoß- oder thermischen Belastungen bewertet. Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions. specific surface area an intensive quality embodying the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume. true Spektrometer spectrometer A spectrometer is a measuring device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material. Ein Spektrometer ist ein Messgerät, das die Eigenschaften von Licht über einen bestimmten Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums misst, typischerweise zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung eines Materials. Spektroskopie Verfahren spectroscopy process A structural property analyzing process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials. Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit Materie misst, um die Zusammensetzung, Struktur und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zu bestimmen. spectrum A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation. true speed of sound The speed of sound is an acoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties. true stiffness The stiffness is a material property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force. true stimulating process The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response. true stochastic simulation A simulation method specification that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes. true strength The strength is a material property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure. true structural and chemical decay The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions. true Classified by the role in a system. structural material A structural material S is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying. true Strukturoptimierungssimulation structural optimization simulation A simulation process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy. Ein Simulationsprozess, der darauf abzielt, die stabilste Struktur eines molekularen Systems durch Minimierung seiner Energie zu finden. Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance. Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren structural property analyzing process An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction. Eine Analyse, die die äußere und innere Struktur und Morphologie von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich der Anordnung von Atomen, Kristallen, Körnern und Phasen, oft unter Verwendung von Techniken wie Mikroskopie und Beugung. Einstellungsgegenstandsrolle subject of adjustment role A device role that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process. Rolle eines Gerätes (Einstellungsgegenstand), das eingestellt wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle subject of calibration role A device role that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process. Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. true sublimation point The sublimation point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition from the solid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa). true supercritical fluid chromatography process Überkritische Fluidchromatographie Verfahren A chromatography process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods. Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das ein überkritisches Fluid als mobile Phase verwendet, um Komponenten zu trennen, und im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden eine höhere Geschwindigkeit und Effizienz bietet. Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics. supercritical fluid chromatography system Überkritisches Fluid-Chromatographiesystem A chromatography system for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography. Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen unter Verwendung überkritischer Flüssigkeiten als mobile Phase in der Chromatographie. supervised machine learning supervised machine learning A machine learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data. Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der eine Funktion erlernt, die Eingabedaten auf beschriftete Ausgabedaten abbildet. Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model. surface layer (fiat object part) A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process. When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal. true Oberflächenprofilometer surface profilometer A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials. Ein Gerät zur Messung des Oberflächenprofils und der Textur von Materialien. The concept refers to an absolute temperature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference. To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature. temperature The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter. true Temperaturänderungswerkzeug temperature change device A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media. Diese Entität beschreibt allgemein jedes Werkzeug, das zur Änderung und Einstellung der Temperatur eines materiellen Objekts oder der Umgebung verwendet wird, z. B. einen Ofen und Kühlmittel. Temperaturänderungsfunktion temperature change function A function in heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties. Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern. true Temperaturmessfunktion temperature measuring function A measuring function performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment. Eine Messefunktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen. true temporal property A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process. true Zugprüfmaschine tensile testing machine A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Dehnkraft. Zugprüfverfahren tensile testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Zugkräfte bestimmt und seine Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und seinen Elastizitätsmodul misst. Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications ANMERKUNG: Ein Test Piece ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Specimens, welches die Bedingungen erfüllt, die durch ein anzuwendendes Prüfverfahren gestellt werden. Ein Specimen erfüllt diese Anforderungen im Allgemeinen erst nach weiterer Bearbeitung. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. In certain cases, the test piece can be the sample or the specimen itself. Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe dienen. NOTE: A Test Piece is a piece that is taken from a specimen (potentially the whole specimen), which fulfills the requirements, that are set by the test procedure in which the test piece is about to be used. A specimen fulfills this requierements generally speaking only after further treatment/processing. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized. EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4) Proben-Rolle test piece role Role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test Rolle eines Objekts, welches eine Probe ist, die aus einem Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde; die Probe hat festgelegte Dimensionen, kann maschinell bearbeitet sein, wurde in einen für die Verwendung in einem Prüfverfahren notwendigen Zustand gebracht Testfunktion testing function A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices. Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten. true Keine offizielle Definition in DIN No official definition in DIN Textiles Fügen textile joining A joining process that involves connecting textile materials. Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem textile Materialien miteinander verbunden werden. Sewing, Stapling thermal conductivity The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat. true Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessverfahren thermal conductivity measurement process A thermal property analyzing process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat. Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials misst und dessen Fähigkeit bestimmt, Wärme zu leiten. Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation. TCMP Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion thermal conductivity measuring function A measuring function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials. Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden. true thermal property A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion. true Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren thermal property analyzing process An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes. Eine Analyse, die das thermische Verhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnung und Phasenübergängen in Reaktion auf Temperaturänderungen. “Thermocouple.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023. Thermoelement thermocouple A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals. Ein Gerät zur Temperaturmessung, bei dem ein Paar Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Metallen (z. B. Kupfer und Eisen) verbunden und die freien Enden der Drähte mit einem Instrument (z. B. einem Voltmeter) verbunden werden, das die an der Verbindungsstelle erzeugte der beiden Metalle Potentialdifferenz misst . Thermocycler thermocycler A thermocycler is a temperature change device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Ein Thermocycler ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das die Temperatur einer Probe in Zyklen schnell ändert, oft verwendet in der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). Thermogravimetrische Analyse-Verfahren thermogravimetric analysis process A thermal property analyzing process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition. Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Massenänderung eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur oder Zeit in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre misst und dessen thermische Stabilität und Zusammensetzung bestimmt. Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures. TGA Thermomechanische Analyse-Verfahren thermomechanical analysis process A thermomechanical property analyzing process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion. Ein Thermoanalytisches Verfahren, das die Maßänderungen eines Materials als Funktion der Temperatur misst und seinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestimmt. Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions. TMA Thermomechanisches Behandeln thermomechanical treatment A changing properties of material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties. Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die gleichzeitige Anwendung von Wärme und mechanischen Spannungen beinhaltet. Die thermomechanische Behandlung wird eingesetzt, um die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu verändern und zu verbessern. Hot Isostatic Pressing Dünnschichtchromatographie Verfahren thin-layer chromatography process A chromatography process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities. Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das nichtflüchtige Gemische trennt, indem eine Probe auf eine dünne Schicht eines Adsorptionsmaterials aufgetragen und ein Lösungsmittel verwendet wird, um die Komponenten basierend auf ihren Affinitäten entlang der Schicht zu bewegen. Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components. Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem thin layer chromatography system A chromatography system used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate. Ein Chromatographiesystem zur Trennung von Verbindungen in einer Probe unter Verwendung einer dünnen Schicht adsorbierenden Materials auf einer Platte. 3D-Drucker 3d printer A 3D Printer is an additive manufacturing device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model. Ein 3D-Drucker ist ein Gerät für die additive Fertigung, das dreidimensionale Objekte durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus einem digitalen Modell erzeugt. time series A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends. true Torsionsprüfmaschine torsion testing machine A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Widerstands von Materialien gegenüber Drehkräften durch Anwendung eines Drehmoments und Messung der resultierenden Verformung. Torsionsprüfverfahren torsion testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials bei Torsionskräften bewertet und seine Torsionsfestigkeit und Schermodul bestimmt. Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads. triple point a state of matter boundary (point) realized by transition from the solid state to the liquid state or the the gaseous state (or vice versa). true Ultraschallreiniger ultrasonic cleaner A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items. An Ultrasonic Cleaner is a Cleaning Device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a cleaning solvent to remove contaminants from delicate or complex items. Ein Gerät, das Ultraschall und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um empfindliche oder komplexe Gegenstände zu reinigen. Ein Ultraschallreiniger ist ein Reinigungsgerät, das Hochfrequenzschallwellen und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um Verunreinigungen von empfindlichen oder komplexen Gegenständen zu entfernen. Ultraviolett-Visible-Spektrophotometer ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Ein Gerät zur Messung der Absorption einer Probe im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums. unsupervised machine learning unsupervised machine learning A machine learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes. Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der Muster und Zusammenhänge in Daten identifiziert, ohne beschriftete Ergebnisse zu verwenden. Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties. Viskosimeter viscometer A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties. Ein Gerät zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten, das Informationen über ihre Fließeigenschaften liefert. Viskosimetrie viscometry A rheological property analyzing process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers. Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit misst, also deren Widerstand gegen allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung, unter Verwendung von Viskosimetern oder Rheometern. Wasseraufbereitungssystem water purification system A water purification system is a device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water. Ein Wasseraufbereitungssystem ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Verunreinigungen aus Wasser zu entfernen, um sauberes und sicheres Trinkwasser herzustellen. Wasserstrahlschneider waterjet cutter A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc. Ein Gerät, das einen Hochdruckwasserstrahl oder einen Wasserstrahl mit abrasiven Partikeln verwendet, um Materialien wie Metall, Stein, Kunststoff usw. zu schneiden. absorption of wave radiation process of taking up elctromagnetic radiation by a material entity Verschleißprüfmaschine wear testing machine A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions. Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Verschleißfestigkeit von Materialien durch Aussetzen dieser Bedingungen unter Abrasivbedingungen. Verschleißprüfverfahren wear testing process A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction. Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahrenn, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verschleiß und Abrieb bewertet und reale Reibungsbedingungen simuliert. Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions. Schweißgerät welding device A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material. Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen, üblicherweise unter Zugabe eines Füllmaterials. Schweißfunktion welding function A welding function is a joining function that is realized in fusing materials by welding. Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden. true Röntgen Analyseverfahren x-ray analyzing process A structural property analyzing process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample. Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um die innere Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen, indem die Wechselwirkung der Röntgenstrahlen mit der Probe gemessen wird. Röntgen-Computertomographie x-ray computed tomography A X-ray analyzing process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object. Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um detaillierte Querschnittsbilder eines Objekts zu erstellen. For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement. CT Beugungsprozess x-ray diffraction process An X-ray analyzing process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material. Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit der kristallinen Struktur eines Materials umfasst. XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement. XRD Röntgen-Mapping x-ray mapping An X-ray analyzing process, that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface. Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das eine räumliche Verteilungskarte der Elemente innerhalb einer Probe erstellt, indem die Probe mit einem Elektronen- oder Röntgenstrahl abgetastet und die emittierten Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden, wodurch detaillierte Zusammensetzungsinformationen über die Oberfläche der Probe geliefert werden. An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Röntgen-Mikroanalyse x-ray microanalysis An X-ray analyzing process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam. Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die elementare Zusammensetzung und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Probe bestimmt, indem die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen detektiert und analysiert werden, die von der Probe emittiert werden, wenn sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl bestrahlt wird. An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Röntgenspektroskopie x-ray spectroscopy A spectroscopy process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure. Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit Materie analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung und Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen. Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy. Röntgenbeugungsgerät x-ray diffractometer An X-Ray diffractometer is a measuring device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample. Ein Röntgenbeugungsgerät ist ein Messgerät, das die Kristallstruktur von Materialien durch Analyse der Beugungsmuster von durch eine Probe geleiteten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmt. Röntgenanalysator x-ray analyzer A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence. Ein Gerät zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien durch Röntgenverfahren wie Beugung oder Fluoreszenz. Röntgen-Computertomographiesystem x-ray computed tomography system A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material. Ein Gerät, das Röntgen-Computertomographietechniken verwendet, um Querschnittsbilder eines Materials zu erstellen. Röntgenkartierungsgerät x-ray mapping device A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques. Ein Gerät, das zur Kartierung der räumlichen Verteilung von Elementen oder Verbindungen innerhalb eines Materials mithilfe von Röntgenfluoreszenz- oder -beugungstechniken verwendet wird. Röntgenmikroanalyssystem x-ray microanalysis system A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale. Ein Gerät zur Mikroanalyse von Materialien unter Verwendung von Röntgentechniken zur Bestimmung der Elementzusammensetzung auf mikroskopischer Ebene. Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house. A planned process that aims to obtain information about a material entity (the subject of the assessment) by examining it. measuring scientific observation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070 Analyse assay Ein geplanter Prozess, der das Ziel hat, Informationen über eine materielle Einheit (den Bewertungsgegenstand) zu gewinnen, indem er diese untersucht. angle A property that represents the measure of rotation or inclination between two intersecting lines or planes, independent of the size of the object. uncertainty A quantitative indication of the doubt about a measurement result, expressing the range within which the true value is expected to lie. calibration process A process of comparing measurement values delivered by an instrument or system with known reference standards to ensure accuracy and traceability. expriment designing process A planned process of planning and structuring experimental methods, conditions, and variables to reliably test hypotheses or obtain data. https://www.britannica.com/science/sample-preparation test piece preparation process A planned processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis.  date value specification A datum that represents a date or time interval associated with another specification. depth The distance from a reference surface or point to a specific point or feature along a perpendicular or defined direction. diagonal A straight line connecting two non-adjacent corners or vertices of a polygon. cutting device A device designed to cut, slice, divide, or sever objects. hand held device A device that has the disposition to be grasped and operated by a human hand and is designed for manual use. corrosion resistant a disposition to withstand corrosive attack to a certain extend carbon steel ferrous metal that has a limited amout of carbon cast iron ferrous metal that has an amout of min 2.07 wt % carbon stainless steel steel that contains chromium, making it resistant to corrosion (rust). tool steel steel with tailored mechanical properties alloy steel steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight, typically to improve its mechanical properties chromium steel steels containing chromium as an intentional alloying element, characterized by mechanical strength and hardness suitable for engineering applications such as bearings, tools, drills, and utensils, but lacking the corrosion resistance required to qualify as stainless steel non-ferrous metal metals or alloys that do not contain iron (allotropes of iron, ferrite, and so on) in appreciable amounts. zinc alloy non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of zinc combined with other elements hardenable a disposition to gain a greatly increased hardness at the surface or entire volume by the process of hardening precious metal metal that is rare, naturally occurring, and have high economic value due to their resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and chemical reaction gold metal precious metal consisting primarily of gold silver metal precious metal consisting primarily of silver platinum metal precious metal consisting primarily of platinum palladium metal precious metal consisting primarily of palladium rhodium metal precious metal consisting primarily of rhodium A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhodium atoms. portion of rhodium A 'portion of rhodium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhodium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tellurium atoms. portion of tellurium A 'portion of tellurium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tellurium atom. containing magnetic species A material property that inheres in a material entity in virtue of the presence of one or more magnetic species (e.g. ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic particles or atoms), and that manifests under appropriate conditions as the ability of that material entity to exhibit a magnetic response or influence in a magnetic field. bioactive A disposition that inheres in a material entity and is realized in an organismal context as a specific interaction with one or more biological systems, producing a measurable biological effect (e.g., therapeutic, toxic, or signaling outcome). bioinert a disposition to elicit minimal or no biological response when in contact with tissue or implanted non-toxic and non-immunogenic, with little or no bonding or integration with the body. bioresorbable being absorbed or excreted as it performs its function, often eliminating the need for removal. biocompatibe and degrading and being resorbed by the body over time organic composition A composition characterized by a primary molecular structure of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen (C-H bonds), typically forming linear, branched, or networked chains. inorganic composition material composition based on chemical elements other than those defining organic compounds, typically characterized by ionic or metallic bonding and the absence of a carbon-hydrogen ($C-H$) framework specific strength SI unit for specific strength is Pa⋅m3/kg, or N⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m2/s2, In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength Specific strength is a quality that inheres in a material entity and is defined as the ratio of its tensile strength to its density. polymerization The chemical process of reacting monomers, oligomers, or reactive precursors together to form longer macromolecular chains or three-dimensional networks curing The toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains. biomedical material biomaterial related to the use of a material. it is part of objects which participates some medical processes A non-living material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body. 1 1 elemental semiconductor Primarily includes group 14 elements like Silicon, Carbon, Germanium, Tin but also Selenium (group 16) and Boron (group 13). semiconductor that shows semiconductive behavior as a pure element Silicon, Carbon, Germanium, alpha-Tin 2 compound semiconductor alloy semiconductor semiconductor which is composed of two or more pure elements boron nitride (BN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), indium gallium nitride (InGaN) organic semiconductor semiconductor which consists of organic (carbon based) molecules or polymer hybrid semiconductor semiconductor which consists of organic semiconductors and non-organic semiconductors medical application role a role realized through the intentional interface with a biological system for the purpose of evaluating, treating, augmenting, or replacing any tissue, organ, or function of the body magnesia ceramic oxide ceramic consisting primarily of magnesium oxide silicide ceramic non-oxide ceramic consisting of a silicon and another element cermet ceramic-metal composite metal matrix composite material consisting of a ceramic phase (typically carbides or nitrides) bonded with a continuous metallic phase phase (thermodynamic) A thermodynamic phase is a material entity that forms a homogeneous portion of matter within a thermodynamic system and is characterized by uniform thermodynamic properties. true filler role Filler is the role of a 'PortionOfDisconnectedMatter' that implies being hosted in a matrix. true precipitate role Precipitate is the role of a portion of matter that implies being hosted in a matrix and the Precipitate derives from the matrix or the Precipitate derives from the thing that the matrix derives from. true crystal A crystal is an object that has a quality "crystal structure". true See editior note of composition to underatand the difference between composition and chemical composition data items. To understand the difference between the composition and the composition data item, one has to understand the difference between SDCs and GDCs in BFO. A triple "material entity has quality compsition", conveys the fact such quality exists without telling us what are fractions of compounds in this material entity. A triple "compostion is subject of composition data item" conveys that there's an information about values of these fractions. Think of comosition data item as a pdf where the composition is documented. These portions of other matters do not have to be portions of specific chemical elements, i.e., atomic composition, but rather portions of other substances, such as nitric acid and water. composition data item composition specification Composition data item is an information content entity that is about composition of a material enity. It has members fraction value specifications which specifiy values of propotions of compounds, which are parts of the material enity. Nitric acid solution has quality composition, and the composition data item is about this composition.The composition data item has members fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications specify values of relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water. true porosity itensive quality embodiying the fraction of the materials (enclosing) spatial region occupied by pores. true Corrosion is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function. corrosion corrosion is a slow chemical or electrochemical degradation process of a material entity due to its interaction with the surrounding environment. metallic grain structures The metallic grain structures is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the metallic grain structure quality. It describes the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those. true hydrogen bond A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule. The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxygen end. true obstacle role An obstacle role is a role of an independent continuant C that is realized in a motion process and indictes that C hinders the motion of a participant in the process. A precipitate or grain boundary may hinder the motion of a dislocation. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms. portion of iron A 'portion of iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms. portion of indium A 'portion of indium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms. portion of chromium A 'portion of chromium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms. portion of carbon A 'portion of carbon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms. portion of germanium A 'portion of germanium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms. portion of tungsten A 'portion of tungsten' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms. portion of erbium A 'portion of erbium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms. portion of molybdenum A 'portion of molybdenum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms. portion of niobium A 'portion of niobium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms. portion of rhenium A 'portion of rhenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms. portion of lithium A 'portion of lithium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms. portion of nitrogen A 'portion of nitrogen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms. portion of cobalt A 'portion of cobalt' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms. portion of gold A 'portion of gold' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms. portion of argon A 'portion of argon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms. portion of cadmium A 'portion of cadmium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms. portion of barium A 'portion of barium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms. portion of tantalum A 'portion of tantalum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms. portion of antimony A 'portion of antimony' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms. portion of potassium A 'portion of potassium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms. portion of phosphorus A 'portion of phosphorus' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms. portion of boron A 'portion of boron' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms. portion of helium A 'portion of helium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms. portion of silicon A 'portion of silicon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms. portion of nickel A 'portion of nickel' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms. portion of yttrium A 'portion of yttrium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms. portion of zirconium A 'portion of zirconium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms. portion of copper A 'portion of copper' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms. portion of bohrium A 'portion of bohrium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms. portion of fluorine A 'portion of fluorine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms. portion of platinum A 'portion of platinum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms. portion of cerium A 'portion of cerium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms. portion of sulfur A 'portion of sulfur' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms. portion of lead A 'portion of lead' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms. portion of krypton A 'portion of krypton' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms. portion of bismuth A 'portion of bismuth' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms. portion of neon A 'portion of neon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms. portion of thallium A 'portion of thallium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms. portion of selenium A 'portion of selenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms. portion of ruthenium A 'portion of ruthenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms. portion of magnesium A 'portion of magnesium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms. portion of zinc A 'portion of zinc' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms. portion of mercury A 'portion of mercury' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms. portion of xenon A 'portion of xenon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms. portion of aluminium A 'portion of aluminium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms. portion of sodium A 'portion of sodium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms. portion of iodine A 'portion of iodine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms. portion of caesium A 'portion of caesium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms. portion of chlorine A 'portion of chlorine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms. portion of silver A 'portion of silver' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms. portion of samarium A 'portion of samarium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms. portion of manganese A 'portion of manganese' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms. portion of arsenic A 'portion of arsenic' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms. portion of beryllium A 'portion of beryllium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms. portion of calcium A 'portion of calcium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms. portion of neodymium A 'portion of neodymium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms. portion of hydrogen A 'portion of hydrogen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms. portion of osmium A 'portion of osmium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms. portion of iridium A 'portion of iridium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms. portion of gallium A 'portion of gallium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms. portion of bromine A 'portion of bromine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms. portion of tin A 'portion of tin' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms. portion of hafnium A 'portion of hafnium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms. portion of uranium A 'portion of uranium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms. portion of oxygen A 'portion of oxygen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms. portion of palladium A 'portion of palladium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms. portion of vanadium A 'portion of vanadium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms. portion of scandium A 'portion of scandium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom. A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms. portion of titanium A 'portion of titanium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom. steel ferrous metal that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities) nature constant A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, maginitude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics. Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, etc. true TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso bravais lattice (3D) The bravais lattice is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the crystal structure quality. It describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements. true proportion concentration fraction A proportion is a relational quality between two entities (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part. true mass proportion Mass proportion is a proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole. true molar proportion Molar Ratio Molar proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entities count of the whole. The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxygen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD. true volume proportion Volume proportion is a proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole. true geogenic mineral material that is formed through geological processes such as Quartz (Silicates) or calcite (Carbonate) or Feldspar (Aluminosilicate) polycrystal Polycrystalline structure A polycrystal is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of multiple crystal grains joined through crystallographic interfaces. true grain size distribution An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material. true fluid (object) Fluid (object) is an object that consists of some portion of matter which bears an aggregate state that concretizes a liquid or gaseous aggregate state. medium role Medium role is a role beared by an object which implies that the object serves as an intermediary for the transmission of something else, like energy, force, or information. Air in the air cooling process, N2 atmosphere in a furnace cooling process, oil in a quenching process, crystal lattice in a solid state diffusion aerosol An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gaseous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate) true aggregate state value The aggregate state value is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the aggregate state quality. true old defintion: A foam is a material entity aggregate that is also a composite material c. The parts of c that have the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that have the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its surrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending on the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell. foam A foam is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of a solid or liquid matrix containing gas-filled or vacuum-filled pores forming cellular structures. true thermodynamic system A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time. true reversible process A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process. true driving force of phase in system Driving force of phase in a system is a relational quality that inheres between two material entities, the species and the material (system). The driving force is a factor that promotes a physical process or (eletro-)chemical reaction in a material (system) to occur and proceed towards completion. It can be quantified as the gradient of the activity of the participating species. For α → β: ΔG = G_β − G_α. If ΔG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = −ΔG > 0 true intensive quality Point property An intensive quality is a quality that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size. true Due to the duality of object and portion of matter this axiom can not be an equivalent class axiom. size an extensive quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend. true Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc. mass Mass is fundamental extensive quality. true stimulus role The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent. stimulation target role See 'Stimulus role' The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different. phase transformation A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases. true See metastable phase stable phase A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates. A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase. true lot A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same production process. Schmelze melt is a fluid (object) with a disposition to realize a blank role in a manufacturing process molten PLA in a 3D printing process portion of pure chemical element A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind. Fatigue is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function. fatigue (reaction to repetitive loading) fatigue is a process that affects an material entities integrity by nucleation and growing cracks. energy an extensive quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules) true process chain A process chain is a process that 'has continuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1. product (chemical reaction) Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction. educt Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction catalyst Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction. It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusion‑controlled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ → α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels). eutectoid phase transformation A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure. true extensive quality An extensive quality is a quality that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size. true The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process. metastable phase A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans. true volume Volume is a three dimensional size. true internal energy Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work. true component A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system. technical system A technical system is an object aggregate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that has some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components. It proceeds by nucleation and growth. precipitation (phase) Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a solute‑depleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases. true interatomic interaction energy Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate. true It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusion‑controlled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification. peritectic phase transformation A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α → β). true Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelength‑selective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time. spinodal decomposition Spinodal decomposition is a diffusion‑controlled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solution spontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations. true parent phase role The parent phase role is the role of a phase that dissolves during the phase transformation process. As such, the bearer is a metastable phase. daughter phase role The daughter phase role is the role of a phase that forms during the phase transformation process. In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases. microconstituent (phase mixture) A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts. Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases. Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics. true old defintion: Activity (a_X) is a relational property between a chemical species X and a non-ideal solution. a_X is a measure of the effective concentration of a chemical species X in the non-ideal solution, accounting for interactions between particles. It is defined as the product of the concentration and an activity coefficient, where the activity coefficient corrects for non-ideal behavior. activity (thermodynamic) Thermodynamic activity is a relational quality that inheres between a chemical species and a non-ideal solution and represents the effective concentration of the species accounting for particle interactions. activation energy Activation energy (E_a) a process attribute characterizing the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, allowing educts to overcome an energy barrier to transform into products. true eutectic phase transformation A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure. true state of matter boundary A state of matter boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one aggregate state to another aggregate state. true The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question. disposition of a phase to transform The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process. true heat (metallurgy) A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some manufacturing process. structural boundary Structural phase boundary is a phase boundary that is realized in the transition from one structure to another structure. ɑ-Ɣ transformation in iron at 910 °C magnetic boundary A magnetic boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one magnetic ordering to another magnetic ordering. mixture boundary A mixture boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one phase to another phase in a system involving also chemical variations. The ingot may be hot rolled after casting... Bramme ingot An ingot is an object that has a thick section and may bear a semi finished product role and that is the specified output of a casting process. At the same time it is a material. Should it have exactly two phases as member parts? phase boundary (spatial) A fiat surface separating one phase from another phase. The phase boundary between liquid and the gaseous phase in a tank. The phase boundary between Fe3C and Fe of a pearlite lamellae. sheet A plate is a thin rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material. billet A billet is a relatively compact object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material. foil A plate is a very thin rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material. Coils may have several sheets that are joined together. coil (coiled sheet) A coil is an object that has part some sheets or foils. At the same time it may be a material. plate A plate is a thick rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material. bar A bar is a long object with rectangular section that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material. rod A rod is a long object with oval or round section that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material. This class does not include cables or other compound structures. wire (semi finished product) A wire is a long and somewhat flexible object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material. tube A tube is a long object with a hollow section and moderate wall thickness that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material. pipe A tube is a long object with a hollow section and pronounced wall thickness that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material. profile (semi finished product) A profile is a long object with determined section shape that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material. Recker stretch straightener machine A strech straightener machine is a forming machine that is used in a "forming under tensile conditions" process. Walzwerk rolling mill A rolling mill is a device that has part some rolling stand and whose specified input participates in some forming process. rolling stand A rolling stand is a device that is part of a rolling mill, has some work rolls and participates in a rolling pass. Ein Walzstock ist ein Teil eines Walzwerks, hat als Teil Arbeitswalzen und nimmt Teil an einen Walzstich. aluminium alloy non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of aluminium mixed with other elements copper alloy non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of copper combined with other elements nickel alloy non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of nickel combined with other elements titanium alloy non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of titanium combined with other elements metallographic section (surface) A surface layer (fiat object part) of an object which at the same time is a metal and the object is specified output of a planned process which describes the preparation of the surface. Typical dimensions of the round mountings are a diameter of 20-50 mm and a thickness of 10-20 mm. metallographic section (embedded sample) A metallographic section (embedded sample) is an object that has two parts: a metallic object that has a metallographic section (surface) as part and the mounting which is produced during a hot embedding or cold embedding process. macrosection (metallography) A macrosection (metallography) is a metallographic section (surface) that is produced directly on an object. The object may be cut in order to make accessible a section (fiat surface) of interest. tensile testpiece A tensile testpiece is a longitudinal object that has two parts which were designed for gripping (gripping section) at its ends and a part between the gripping sections that has been designed to observe the materials or the objects reaction to tensile loading. often used to describe mass transport from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration diffusion process by which material entities spread or move due to random thermal motion crystallization process by which a solid with long-range order forms recrystallization process in which a new, defect-free grain structure forms in a material from an existing deformed grain structure. lattice point A lattice point is a fiat point that represents a position in a crystal lattice at which structural entities are regularly arranged. interstitial site An interstitial site is a site that is located between regular lattice points in a crystal structure. slip plane A slip plane is a fiat surface that corresponds to a crystallographic plane of a 3D crystal along which dislocations can glide Old definition: Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerts the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects. force A force is a realizable entity that consists of a reciprocal interaction between two objects and is realized as equal and opposite influences capable of changing motion or causing deformation. true section Section is a planar fiat surface cutting across the object crack A crack is a site that consists of a physical separation within a material entity occurring at the level of atomic bonds. true notch A notch is a site that consists of a geometric surface feature of an object characterized by a strong local change in shape or cross-section. true pore A pore is a site that consists of a cavity located within the bulk of a material entity. true defect role A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E. A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load. true unit cell (3D crystal) A unit cell (3D crystal) is a three-dimensional spatial region that represents the smallest repeating region whose spatial translation reproduces a crystal lattice. amount of substance Amount of substance n is a molar proportion when the whole is an object aggregate N, which has avogadro number objects (of same type) as parts (n = N/N_A). slip direction A slip direction is a fiat line that corresponds to the crystallographic direction along which dislocations glide os a slip plane. TODO: Indiviuals for the possible values need to be created, similar to the values of the Bravais lattice value individuals. Is determined by the Bravais lattice. slip system (3D) specifies the value of the crystal slip plane together with the slip direction. 1 elemental crystal a crystal that consists of exactly one atomic species different structures of a crystal could be linked by a relational property 'allotrope of' allotropy of an elemental crystal a disposition of an elemental crystal to change its crystal structure stable structure depends on pressure and temperature polymorphism of crystal disposition of a crystal to change its crystal structure 2 grain boundary A grain boundary is a fiat surface that separates adjacent grains in a polycrystalline material and is characterized by structural discontinuity. the part of a grain that is close to the grain boundary and possibly characterized by disorder is a fiat object part (grain surface layer) diffraction is a process of interference of waves which, scattered by a material’s periodic features, produce characteristic patterns may propagate through a medium or vacuum characterized by frequency, wavelength, and speed wave is a process of a propagating of disturbance that transports energy and momentum order scale value possible values of characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material 1 order scale characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material self-diffusion in crystaline solid diffusion of entites of a single type in a crystal that consists of entites of this same type inter-diffusion in crystalline solid diffusion of entites of some type in a crystal that consists mostly of entites of a different type vacancy diffusion diffusion process in which crystal forming entities move from lattice points to vacant adjacent lattice points TODO: replace topObjectProperty with occupies spatial region vacancy (crystal) site at lattice point at which the crystal forming entity is missing interstitial diffusion diffusion process in which material entities move from interstitial sites to adjacent interstitial sites flow amount of transported entites per time solute role role of an entity that is present in minor concentration in a solution solvent role role of an entity that is present in major concentration in a solution 1 solution A portion of matter that is homogeneous, made up of at least two entity types, one playing the role of sovlent and the others playing the role of solute solid solution a solution with solid aggregate state interstitital solid solution a solid solution whose solute entities are located in the interstitial sites TODO: replace topObjectProperty with bfo:occupies spatial region substitutional solid solution a solid solution whose solute entities occupy lattice points dislocation a linear site in a cystal that interrupts the cystal ordering screw dislocation a dislocation characterized by shearing the chrystal by one plane edge dislocation a dislocation characterized by adding one extra half plane into the crystal lattice mixed dislocation a dislocation that spans edge dislocation as well as screw dislocation Burgers vector quality of a dislocation in terms of amount and direction in a specific crystal type high angle grain boundary a grain boundary whose adjacent crystalls have a high angle of misalignment small angle grain boundary a grain boundary whose adjacent crystalls have a small angle of misalignment twin boundary grain boundary without distorted lattice angle of misalignment (crystallography) smallest rotation angle needed to rotate one crystal orientation to coincide with the neighboring orientation size values of indiviudal grains are properties of the respective objects grain size an intensive quality epitomizing the average size of the grains of a polycrystal flux a flow of a unit-entity per unit time the moved entity is passive, locomotion would be the active counterpart transport is a process in which an entity being moved within or accross another entity continous transport recurring transport of multiple entities, such that the transported entities are not being discretized anymore the flow of a liquid in a pipe, diffusion of a gas in different gas dispersion in optical glass is a refraction dependent on wavelength dispersion Optical property describing the wavelength dependent phase velocity. diffusion flux flux transported by diffusion ceramic crystal a crystal whose atomic entities have a ionic or a covalent bond alloy crystal a crystal whose atomic entities have a metallic bond biocompatible bioactive without causing harmful or unacceptable biological responses (toxicity, inflammation, immune reaction) and performce of its intended function or integration with the tissue. There's a dfference between composition and chemical compositon for the following reason: chemical compositon is relevant when the mass/volume/mole proportions of chemical elements(!) are identified, whlist composition includes proportions of molecules, other pure chemical substances, or even proptions of objects (in an object aggregate). composition Composition is an intensive quality which defines types and proportions of compounds present in a material entity and is subject of some composition data item. 4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene true Composition is a collective property of a portion of matter, i.e., the triple portion of matter has quality composition holds. As "has quality" is an inverse functional property, only one instance of portion of matter can have this specific composition. However, proportions describe the relation between the prortion of matter (the whole) and some compound (the part). Thus, the following triples hold: portion of matter has relational quality proportion; portion of matter has part some substance (or whatever is your part); substance has relational quality proportion. "Has relational quality" is not inverse functional, i.e., it can point to a single object from 2 distinct subjects. chemical composition data item chemical composition specification Chemical composition data item is an information content entity that is about composition of a portion of matter. It has members fraction value specifications which specifiy values of propotions of portions of (pure) chemical elements, which are parts of the portion of matter. Steel has quality chemical composition , and the chemical composition data item is about the chemical composition .The chemical composition data item has members fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications specify values of relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon. true 1 ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc. metallic grain structure intensive quality epitomizing the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material. false alloy metal that has part a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metallic element 3D A three-dimensional data item is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying material properties in its volume or describing a dependency of one variable on two other variables. Orientation distribution function (ODF), potential energy landscape frequency Frequency is a process attribute which characterizes the rate per second of oscillation or vibration. Frequency of electromagnetic wave, Frequency of sound wave. Transmissionselektronenmikroskop transmission electron microscope An electron microscope that produces high-resolution images of a sample's internal structure by transmitting electrons through the sample. Ein Elektronenmikroskop, das hochauflösende Bilder der inneren Struktur einer Probe erzeugt, indem es Elektronen durch die Probe strahlt. TEM material reacting process has always energy minimization as a driving force. material reacting process Material reacting process is a process which occurs in a portion of matter due to some of its disposition or behavioral material property which has realization in some stimulating process. Both the material reacting process and stimulating process must be occurent parts of a planned process, if the planned process takes place. heating Heating is a change of temperature which corresponds to the increase of temperature in the system or object. cooling Cooling is a change of temperature which corresponds to the decrease of temperature in the system or object. analytical calculation Analytical calculation is a computing process which has value specification or measurement datum as a specified output. It applies a closed-form mathematical expression or formula to a set it specified inputs (value specifications) without requiring stochastic sampling, iterative numerical solving, or data-driven training. single crystal Single crystal is a crystal which is not part of a polycrystal and its boundaries are its external surfaces. 'portion of pure chemical element' and 'has part' only CHEBI:33336 portion of lanthanum A portion of lanthanum is a portion of pure substance that has parts only chebi:lanthanum atom. Innendurchmesser inner diameter Der Innendurchmesser ist die Länge einer geraden Linie von einer Innenfläche eines Objekts oder Raums zur anderen Seite seiner Innenfläche durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums, wenn es eine Innen- und Außenfläche hat. Inner diameter is a length of a straight line from one inner surface of an object or space to the other side of its inner surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface. Außendurchmesser outer diameter Der Außendurchmesser ist die Länge einer geraden Linie von einer Außenfläche eines Objekts oder Raums zur anderen Seite seiner Außenfläche durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums, wenn es eine Innen- und Außenfläche hat. Outer diameter is a length of a straight line from one outer surface of an object or space to the other side of its outer surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface. geometric relational quality Geometric relational quality is a relational quality describing the geometric relation between two or more independent continuants. Elongation of a specimen after a tensile step, i.e., the specimen before and after the test. Angle between a rolling direction of a rolled material and the longitudinal side of a specimen. single fatigue testing process Mechanical property analyzing process that is an occurent part of a fatigue testing process (S-N testing process). A single fatigue testing process assesses how many cycles a material can withstand under the given loading. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamping_press Stanzmachine stamping press Eine Stanzmachine ist ein Werkzeug/Gerät zur Metallbearbeitung, das dazu dient, geschnittenes Metall durch Verformung mit einer Matrize zu formen. Stamping press is a metalworking device which is used to shape a cut metal by deforming it with a die. fraction value specification Fraction value specification is a value specification that contains information about quantitative share of a part relative to a specified whole. 2.05 wt.% of carbon in steel, 4 vol.% of nitric acid in a solution Length is a size that describes the spatial extent of its bearer in one dimension. length dimension Length is a one dimensional size. true bond A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms. true covalent bond A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons. true metallic bond A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability. true ionic bond An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other. An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom. true thermoplastic polymer polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling polyethylene poylethylen is a thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer ethylene including further crosslinking and modifications using other comonomers; it excludes ultra hight molecular polyethylen low-density polyethylene polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density PE-LD high-density polyethylene polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density PE-HD linear low-density polyethylene polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching PE_LLD polypropylene polyethene this excludes ultra hight molecular polyethylen because very high molecular weight polyethylene is not thermoplastic anymore thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer propylene including further crosslinking and modifications using other comonomers PP isotactic polypropylene polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain iPP syndiotactic polypropylene polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain sPP atactic polypropylene polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain aPP polyvinyl chloride vinyl or polyvinyl they are usualy hard or soft and flexible with incrased use of plasticisers. thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride PVC rigid polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability uPVC flexible polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility fPVC polystyrene thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene PS general purpose polystyrene polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing high impact polystyrene polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance polyethylene terephthalate it is the dominant polyester utilized in global packaging and fiber applications thermoplastic polymer produced by polycondensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalate precursors PET amorphous polyethylene terephthalate polyethylene terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure APET crystalline polyethylene terephthalate polyethylene terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure CPET thermosetting polymer polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape epoxy resin epoxy or polyepoxide they are utilized for high-performance structural adhesives, composite matrices, and protective coatings. thermosetting polymer that is a epoxide-functional oligomer curing via ring-opening into crosslinked networks used as precursors to thermosetting polymers bisphenol a epoxy epoxy resin that is formulated using bisphenol a to enhance its mechanical properties novolac epoxy epoxy resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance phenolic resin phenol-formaldehyde they are utilized for flame-resistant adhesives, friction materials, and molded components they form rigid, char-forming crosslinked networks thermosetting polymer synthesized via condensation of phenol and formaldehyde phenol-formaldehyde resin phenolic resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde melamine formaldehyde melamine-formaldehyde they are widely used in decorative laminates, kitchenware, and coating crosslinkers. they form hard, durable crosslinked networks. thermosetting aminoplast polymer synthesized via condensation urea formaldehyde thermosetting polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds. elastomer polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation natural rubber they are predominantly cis-1,4-polyisoprene, they are used widely in Heavy-duty truck tires elastomer polymer, and a biopolymer harvested as plant latex; consisting of cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains; typically sulfur-vulcanized to create crosslinks between chains synthetic rubber elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties styrene-butadiene rubber used widely for its good abrasion resistance and tunable hardness, for instance in tire treads. synthetic rubber and belongs to a family of synthetic random copolymer elastomers of styrene and butadiene, made by emulsion or solution polymerization and typically vulcanized nitrile butadiene rubber Nitrile Oil resistance, Fuel resistance it can have tunable polarity and oil/fuel resistance synthetic rubber that belongs to a family of synthetic acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer elastomers it is widely used in oil/fuel resistance applicaitons such as seals, fuel hoses, and protective gloves ethylene propylene diene monomer it offers excellent weather resistance synthetic rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer biodegradable polymers polymeric material that possesses the disposition to undergo decomposition through the metabolic activity of biological organisms, resulting in conversion into environmentally benign substances—such as carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts, and biomass—within a timescale that does not cause harmful accumulation in the environment https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126 polylactic acid biodegradable thermoplastic polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch polyhydroxyalkanoates polyhydroxyalkanoates are biodegradable polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids polybutylene succinate biodegradable thermoplastic polymer polyester that is synthesized via the polycondensation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol natural ceramic ceramic that is produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica silicate ceramic oxide ceramic consisting primarily of silicon oxide clay-based ceramic silicate ceramics that are formed from natural clays earthenware natural ceramic that is clay-based, formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material stoneware natural ceramic that is clay-based, fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material porcelain a glass binder with ceramic filler produced from ceramics natural ceramic that is clay-bsed, distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance aluminosilicate ceramic silicate ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides mullite ceramic aluminosilicate ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability kaolinite ceramic aluminosilicate ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity non-clay ceramic natural ceramic that is formed from raw materials other than clay glass-ceramic Glass‑ceramics are inorganic, non‑metallic materials prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods; they contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass, and the crystallized volume fraction may vary from ppm to almost 100%. engenieered material that is inorganic, non‑metallic and prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods; they contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass, and the crystallized volume fraction may vary from ppm to almost 100% “Diameter.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diameter. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022. Durchmesser diameter Die Länge einer geraden Linie durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums. The length of a straight line through the center of an object or space. leucite-based glass-ceramic glass-ceramics that are non-clay ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties fritted ceramic non-clay ceramic that is manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials technical ceramic ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications oxide ceramic ceramic consisting primarily of metal oxide alumina ceramic oxide ceramic consisting primarily of aluminium oxide Al₂O₃ zirconia ceramic oxide ceramic consisting primarily of zirconium oxide ZrO₂ yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic zirconia ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance YSZ magnesia-stabilized zirconia ceramic zirconia ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability MSZ titania ceramic oxide ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties TiO₂ beryllia ceramic oxide ceramic that is an advanced ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation BeO non-oxide ceramic ceramic consisting primarily of non-oxide elements carbide ceramic non-oxide ceramic consisting of a metal and carbon silicon carbide ceramic carbide ceramic consisting of silicon carbide tungsten carbide ceramic carbide ceramic with tungsten boron carbide ceramic carbide ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density B₄C nitride ceramic non-oxide ceramic consisting of a metal and nitrogen silicon nitride ceramic nitride ceramic consiting of silicon nitride aluminum nitride ceramic nitride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity AlN boron nitride ceramic nitride ceramic sonsisting of boron nitride boride ceramic non-oxide ceramic consisting of a boron and another element titanium diboride ceramic boride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point TiB₂ zirconium diboride ceramic boride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability ZrB₂ ceramic matrix composite composite consisting of a ceramic matrix and one or more reinforcement materials CMC oxide-oxide composite ceramic matrix composite that consists entirely of oxide ceramic phases for both the matrix and reinforcement aluminum oxide composites alumina matrix composite oxide-oxide composite that uses alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases zirconia matrix composite oxide-oxide composite that uses zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases non-oxide composite ceramic matrix composite that consists of non-oxide ceramic phases (typically carbides, nitrides, or borides) for both the matrix and the reinforcement Silicon Carbide (SiC) Matrix Composite; Carbon-Carbon (C/C) Composite silicon carbide matrix composite non-oxide composite that is built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases carbon-silicon carbide composite non-oxide composite that consists of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance electroceramic ceramic that is specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications dielectric ceramic electroceramic that serves primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants barium titanate ceramic oxide ceramic that is dielectric and composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties BaTiO₃ lead zirconate titanate ceramic oxide ceramic that is dielectric and composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior PZT magnetic ceramic ferrites electroceramic that exhibits magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides superconducting ceramic electroceramic that exhibits zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature yttrium barium copper oxide ceramic oxide is a superconducting oxide ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide ceramic oxide ceramic that is superconducting and composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure bioceramic ceramic that is engineered to be compatible with biological systems bioinert ceramic ceramic that is designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions bioactive ceramic ceramic that interacts with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration hydroxyapatite ceramic oxide ceramic that is bioactive and composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone bioresorbable ceramic ceramic that is designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue silicate glass glass whose network is based primarily on silica (SiO₂) soda-lime glass soda (Na₂O) acting as a flux and lime (CaO) acting as a stabilizer silicate glass that is composed of about 70% silica (SiO₂) with soda (Na₂O) and lime (CaO) widely used as common window and container glass. borosilicate glass characteristically low thermal expansion and high thermal/chemical resistance compared with soda‑lime glass. silicate glass that uses boron trioxide (B₂O₃) as a major additional glass‑forming constituent pyrex-type glass borosilicate glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock. aluminosilicate glass typically higher transformation/softening temperatures and improved mechanical/chemical performance compared with many common silicates silicate glass in which SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are key structural units lead glass increased refractive index and modified working properties relative to ordinary silicate glasses silicate glass in which lead(II) oxide (PbO) is incorporated in significant amounts potash lead glass lead glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide barium glass Barium glass is a form of lead glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties high-temperature resistant glass aluminosilicate glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures non-silicate glass Based on other glass formers or non‑oxide systems (e.g., phosphate (P₂O₅)-based, fluoride-based, or chalcogenide (S/Se/Te)-based compositions). glass whose primary glass‑forming network is not based on SiO₂ phosphate glass (P₂O₅) as the glass former (i.e., replacing SiO₂ as the network basis). non‑silicate glass based primarily on phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) borate glass It is distinct from borosilicate glass because B₂O₃ is the primary network former here rather than an added co‑former in a silica‑based network. non‑silicate glass based primarily on boron oxide (B₂O₃) as the glass‑forming network germanate glass non-silicate glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission optical glass composition and processing chosen to achieve specified optical/mechanical parameters such as refractive index and dispersion. glass manufactured for optical components e.g., lenses, prisms, mirrors fused silica glass obtained by melting silica and cooling fast enough to avoid crystallization. optical glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.|Fused silica is a silicate glass that is essentially pure, amorphous SiO₂ silicate glass that is essentially pure, amorphous SiO₂ often called fused quartz or vitreous silica crown glass optical glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity flint glass optical glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion specialty glass glass that is engineered primarily for a targeted functional performance profile chemically strengthened glass glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength ion-exchanged glass glass that is chemically strengthened and produced by exchanging ions to improve durability aluminosilicate gorilla glass glass that is chemically strengthened toughened (tempered) glass glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety laminated glass glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance electrochromic glass functional glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied photochromic glass functional glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light thermochromic glass functional glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature lithium disilicate glass-ceramic Provides transparent attenuation of X‑rays (and, depending on design, gamma radiation). glass-ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal transparent glass-ceramic glass-ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization functional glass axiom is related to functional material glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications conductive glass glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity magnetic glass Its composition and/or microstructure contains a significant population of magnetic species - typically transition‑metal or rare‑earth ions and/or magnetic nanophases - so that magnetic susceptibility/permeability/magnetization is a designed functional property of the glass. glass that exhibits intrinsic bulk magnetic behavior|Magnetic glass is functional glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties iron-borosilicate glass borosilicate glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior cobalt-borosilicate glass borosilicate glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties nonlinear optical glass optical glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light chalcogenide glass Chalcogens such as sulfur, selenium, or tellurium as key constituents. Is valued particularly for infrared transparency. non‑silicate glass (generally non‑oxide) that contains one or more chalcogens tellurite glass glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties bioactive glass enables bonding with bone tissue. glass that forms a biologically compatible hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer on its surface in physiological conditions silicate-based bioactive glass bioactive silicate glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue 45S5 bioglass silicate-based bioactive glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone S53P4 bioglass silicate-based bioactive glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity phosphate-based bioactive glass phosphate glass that is bioactive and composed predominantly of phosphate compounds borate-based bioactive glass borate glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction amorphous metal glass glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid iron-based metallic glass amorphous metal glass that is predominantly composed of iron magnesium-based metallic glass amorphous metal glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density zirconium-based metallic glass amorphous metal glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength Dicke thickness A length that describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece. Diese Klasse beschreibt das gemessene Maß in einer Richtung eines Prüfkörpers. Breite width Diese Klasse beschreibt eine horizontale Messung eines Objekts, die im rechten Winkel zur Länge des Objekts vorgenommen wird. This class describes a horizontal measurement of an object taken at right angles to the length of the object. “Shape.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023. Form shape Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt. Extemsive quality, the visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item. DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2019 Geometrische Form geometry shape Dieses Konzept beschreibt die geometrischen Abmessungen und das Erscheinungsbild (Form und Abmaße) einer Probe, eines Prüfkörpers oder eines Prüfstücks, wie sie üblicherweise durch eine entsprechende Norm definiert sind. Dementsprechend ist der angegebene Formwert in Übereinstimmung mit der definierenden Norm anzugeben, z. B. "Zugprüfstück Form 1 gemäß Anhang B der Zugversuchsnorm". This concept describes the geometric dimensions and appearance (shape and dimensions) of a sample, specimen, or test piece as usually defined by a corresponding standard. Accordingly, the shape value given is in accordance with the defining standard, e.g., ‘tensile test piece shape 1 in accordance with annex B of the tensile test standard’. 3D Geometrie shape 3d A shape 3D is a geometry shape that exists in three dimensions, having length, width, and height, and can be defined by its spatial properties such as volume and surface area. Eine 3D Geometrie ist eine geometrische Form, die in drei Dimensionen existiert, mit Länge, Breite und Höhe, und die durch ihre räumlichen Eigenschaften wie Volumen und Oberfläche definiert werden kann. Beispiele sind Formen wie Würfel, Kugeln und Pyramiden. Examples include shapes like cubes, spheres, and pyramids. device specification A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance. true material specification A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context. true recipe A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes. The intent of the specification datum is to express the "Sollwert" of some qualitiy or behavioral material property. Then, the specification datum can be further specified by some value specification. specification datum A directive information entity that provides information of a setpoint of some value, i.e., it is an intended value. The setpoint value of a ultimate tensile strength of some steel material true semiconductor A semiconductor is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. This is a result of a range of inexistent energy states in ther electron configuration between the valence and conduction band (bandgap). true semiconductivity Semiconductivity is the disposition of a material to conduct electricity only when a certain level of excitation (via temperature, impurities, photonic excitation, electric field) elevates electrons from the valence band into the conduction band. true band gap bandgap energy gap A bandgap is an energy range between the valence band and the conduction band in a solid where no electronic states exist. Silicon has a band gap of 1.107 eV at room temperature. aluminum matrix composite often used to improve stiffness/wear at low weight, metal matrix composite, consisting of an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials titanium matrix composite often chosen for elevated-temperature capability metal matrix composite, consisting of a titanium or titanium alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials magnesium matrix composite known for its ultra-low density and improved specific strength. metal matrix composite, consisting of a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials copper matrix composite often used for thermal management with high conductivity and tailored CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) metal matrix composite, consisting of a copper or copper alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials glass fiber reinforced polymer GFRP/GRP polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with glass fibers carbon fiber reinforced polymer polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with carbon fibers aramid fiber composite Kevlar polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with aramid (aromatic polyamide) fibers natural fiber composite polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers derived from biological sources biological material biomaterial produced through biological synthesis processes like Biological growth, morphogenesis, secretion etc. material produced by a living organism Biological Comosite such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool; Biopolymers such as cellulose, colagene; Biogenic minerals such as hydroxyapatite https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 biological composite composite consisting of two or more distinct material phases organized in a multi-scale structure that act synergistically to fulfill specific properties or functions such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool; https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 biopolymer biomacromoleules polymer produced by the metabolic processes of a living organism such as Polysaccharides like cellulose or Chitin; Proteins like colagene or Fibroin https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 biogenic mineral mineral that is inorganic crystalline or amorphous solid synthesized by a living organism such as Calcium Carbonates (in shells), Calcium Phosphates (Hydroxyapatite in bone/teeth), or Silica (in diatoms) https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 bio-based material produced through industrial syntesis processes like Chemical extraction, fermentation, or polymerization material intentionally processed from materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms Engineered Biopolymers such as Polylactic Acid (PLA); Reconstituted Biopolymers such as Regenerated Cellulose (Rayon/Viscose); Biocomposites such as Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC); Biochemicals (e.g. Bio-based Adhesives) https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 engineered biopolymer bio-based material and polymer synthesized through the intentional industrial transformation, synthesis, or reconstitution processes using materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms synthetic Bio-polymer such as Polylactic Acid (PLA): or Regenrated Biopolymrs like Rayon / Viscose reconstituted from pulp cellulose; or microbial Biopolymers like Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) synthesised by bacteria https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 bio-based composite biocomposite; bio-composite composite consisting of at least one constituent derived from biological or bio-based sources such as Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC), Hemp-fiber reinforced Polypropylene https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 bio-based chemical biochemicals bio-based material used in chemical reactions as a reactant such as bio-based adhesives (e.g. Lignin-based); Bio-epoxy resin. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/354 thermosetting polyurethane offers high versatility in mechanical properties thermosetting polymer with carbamate crosslinks PUR unsaturated polyester resins they are used for fiber-reinforced composites thermosetting polymer system of unsaturated polyester prepolymers in reactive vinyl monomers; it cures by radical crosslinking into rigid networks silicone rubber it is available in multiple formulations and often filled. wide service temperature range synthetic rubber that belongs to crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer family, with organic side groups widely used for its broad service temperature range in medical devices, gaskets, and culinary tools polychloropren Neoprene it offers good weathering and ozone resistance. weathering resistance; ozone resistance synthetic rubber that belongs to the family of synthetic elastomeric rubbers; synthesised typically through emulsion polymerization of chloroprene it is widely used in gaskets and wetsuits. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.1 “Pressformen”. Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.1 „Pressformen“. Pressformen compression molding compression moulding A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a pre-measured, usually preheated molding compound is placed in an open, heated mold cavity and shaped by closing the mold and applying pressure until the material cures or solidifies to the final part geometry. Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine dosierte, meist vorgewärmte Formmasse in eine offene, beheizte Formkavität eingelegt und durch Schließen des Werkzeugs unter Druck zur endgültigen Bauteilgeometrie ausgehärtet bzw. erstarrt wird. orginal: "[biodegradability] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment." European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248 Biologische Abbaubarkeit biodegradability "[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder – unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen – in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt." biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (CO₂, CH₄, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale. https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126 Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.2 “Spritzgießen”. Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.2 „Spritzgießen“. Spritzgießen injection molding injection moulding; plastic injection molding A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which plastic granules are plasticised in an injection unit and the melt is injected under high pressure into a closed mold cavity, where it cools and solidifies to the final part shape. Urformverfahren, bei dem Kunststoffgranulat in einem Plastifizieraggregat aufgeschmolzen und die Schmelze mit hohem Druck in einen geschlossenen Formhohlraum eingespritzt wird, wo sie verdichtet, abkühlt und zum Formteil erstarrt. Injection molding of polypropylene housings. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.3 “Spritzpressen”. Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.3 „Spritzpressen“. Spritzpressen injection-compression molding injection–compression moulding; transfer molding (Spritzpressen) A hybrid primary shaping from the plastic state process that combines injection and compression: a pre-plasticised charge or melt is injected into a closed or partially open mold and then compressed by further mold closure or a plunger so that the material completely fills the cavity and cures or solidifies under heat and pressure. Urformverfahren, bei dem eine vorplastifizierte Formmasse aus einer beheizten Vorkammer bzw. einem Plastifizieraggregat in ein (teil-)geschlossenes Werkzeug eingespritzt und anschließend durch Schließen des Werkzeugs bzw. Nachdrücken verpresst wird, bis der Werkstoff unter Wärme und Druck aushärtet. Injection-compression molding of epoxy-encapsulated electronic components. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.4 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.4 extrusion strangpressen (extrudieren) A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a plastically deformable material, typically a polymer melt, is continuously forced by pressure through a shaping die to produce an endless strand with constant cross-section, which solidifies by cooling or curing. Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem ein plastifizierter Werkstoff, meist eine Polymerschmelze, kontinuierlich unter Druck durch eine formgebende Düse gepresst wird und dabei einen Strang mit konstantem Querschnitt bildet, der durch Abkühlen oder Aushärten verfestigt wird. Extrusion of PVC window profiles; extrusion of plastic films or pipes from polyethylene melt. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.5 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.5 Ziehformen drawing forming A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a plastically deformable mass (for example fibre-reinforced resin or glass/plastic strands) is pulled through one or more shaping tools or dies so that the cross-section and surface are formed by tensile forces, while the material solidifies or cures to produce continuous profiles. It is conceptually related to pultrusion / profile drawing. Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine plastisch verformbare Masse (z. B. faserverstärkte Harzsysteme oder glasige/kunststoffhaltige Stränge) durch Zugkräfte durch formgebende Düsen oder Werkzeuge gezogen wird, sodass Querschnitt und Oberfläche ausgebildet und der Werkstoff dabei verfestigt bzw. ausgehärtet wird. Das Verfahren ist verwandt mit dem Strangzieh- bzw. Pultrusionsverfahren. Pultrusion of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer profiles; drawing of continuous fibre-reinforced rods through a heated die. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.6 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.6 Kalandrieren calendering A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a viscous polymer melt or plastic mass is passed through the narrow gaps between several counter-rotating, polished rolls so that it is compressed and rolled out into sheet or film of defined thickness and surface quality, then cooled to solidify. Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine zähflüssige Polymerschmelze oder plastische Masse durch enge Spalte zwischen mehreren gegenläufig rotierenden, polierten Walzen geführt wird, wodurch sie verdichtet und zu Platten oder Folien definierter Dicke und Oberflächenqualität ausgewalzt und anschließend verfestigt wird. Calendering of plasticised PVC into rigid or flexible sheets and films; calendering of ABS sheet for thermoforming. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.7 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.7 Blasformen blow molding A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a tube or preform of molten or plasticised material is enclosed in a mold and expanded by internal gas pressure so that it conforms to the mold cavity, producing hollow bodies which then solidify. Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem ein Schlauch oder ein Vorformling aus geschmolzenem bzw. plastifizierten Werkstoff in ein Werkzeug eingelegt und durch inneren Gasdruck an die Formwand aufgeblasen wird, sodass ein Hohlkörper entsteht, der anschließend verfestigt wird. Extrusion blow molding of HDPE bottles; stretch-blow molding of PET beverage containers; blow molding of fuel tanks for automotive applications. Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.8 Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.8 Modellieren modelling A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a manually workable plastic mass (such as clay, wax, plastiline or gypsum paste) is shaped directly by hand and simple tools into a final or intermediate geometry and subsequently hardened, dried or fired to obtain a solid body. Ein Urformverfahren, bei dem eine mit Hand und einfachen Werkzeugen formbare plastische Masse (z. B. Ton, Wachs, Plastilin oder Gipspaste) direkt zur gewünschten Geometrie modelliert und anschließend durch Trocknen, Brennen oder Aushärten zu einem festen Körper verfestigt wird. Hand modelling of clay prior to firing (e.g. pottery, sculptures); modelling of wax or plasticine for casting patterns. example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed failed exploratory term The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting placeholder removed placeholder removed terms merged An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged term imported This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported term split This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split universal Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal defined class A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class named class expression A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion Transformation-ML Transformation-ML file describing parameter transformations used in a GvHD experiment. Transformation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Transformation-ML standard.(http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Transformation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Transformation-ML_v1.0.26.pdf) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Transformation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Transformation-ML_v1.0.26.pdf Transformation-ML ACS d06.acs, ACS1.0 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment. ACS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Analytical Cytometry Standard. (http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.isac-net.org/content/view/607/150/ ACS XML RDF/XML file, OWL file, Compensation-ML file, WSDL document, SVG document XML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Extensible Markup Language Recommendation.(http://www.w3.org/XML/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/XML/ XML RDF A FOAF file, a SKOS file, an OWL file. RDF is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Resource Description Framework RDF/XML Syntax specification.(http://www.w3.org/RDF/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/RDF/ RDF zip MagicDraw MDZIP archive, Java JAR file. zip is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the PKWARE .ZIP file format specification (http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.pkware.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=103/ zip tar Example.tar file. tar is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the tape archive file format as standardized by POSIX.1-1998, POSIX.1-2001, or any other tar format compliant with the GNU tar specification. (http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/ tar FCS d01.fcs, FCS3 data file of well D06 of plate 2 of part 1 of a GvHD experiment. FCS is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Flow Cytometry Data File Standard.(http://www.fcspress.com/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.fcspress.com/ FCS Compensation-ML compfoo.xml, Compensation-ML file describing compensation used in a GvHD experiment Compensation-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Compensation-ML standard. (http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Compensation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Compensation-ML_v1.0.24.pdf) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://wiki.ficcs.org/ficcs/Compensation-ML?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Compensation-ML_v1.0.24.pdf Compensation-ML Gating-ML foogate.xml, Gating-ML file describing gates used in a GvHD experiment. Gating-ML is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the Gating-ML standard. (http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.flowcyt.org/gating/ Gating-ML OWL OBI ontology file, Basic Formal Ontology file, BIRNLex file, BioPAX file. OWL is a format standard of a digital entity that is conformant with the W3C Web Ontology Language specification.(http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/) person:Jennifer Fostel web-page:http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/ OWL Affymetrix Affymetrix supplied microarray An organization which supplies technology, tools and protocols for use in high throughput applications Affymetrix Thermo Philippe Rocca-Serra Thermo Waters Philippe Rocca-Serra Waters BIO-RAD Philippe Rocca-Serra BIO-RAD GenePattern hierarchical clustering James Malone GenePattern hierarchical clustering Ambion Philippe Rocca-Serra Ambion Helicos Philippe Rocca-Serra Helicos Roche Philippe Rocca-Serra Roche Illumina Philippe Rocca-Serra Illumina GenePattern PCA GenePattern PCA GenePattern module SVM GenePattern module SVM is a GenePattern software module which is used to run a support vector machine data transformation. James Malone Ryan Brinkman GenePattern module SVM GenePattern k-nearest neighbors James Malone GenePattern k-nearest neighbors GenePattern LOOCV GenePattern LOOCV GenePattern k-means clustering James Malone GenePattern k-means clustering Agilent Philippe Rocca-Serra Agilent GenePattern module KMeansClustering GenePattern module KMeansClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a k Means clustering data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module KMeansClustering GenePattern CART James Malone GenePattern CART GenePattern module CARTXValidation GenePattern module CARTXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a CART decision tree induction with a leave one out cross validation data transformations. GenePattern module CARTXValidation Li-Cor Philippe Rocca-Serra Li-Cor Bruker Corporation Philippe Rocca-Serra Bruker Corporation GenePattern module KNNXValidation GenePattern module KNNXValidation is a GenePattern software module which uses a k-nearest neighbours clustering with a leave one out cross validation data transformations. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module KNNXValidation GenePattern module PeakMatch GenePattern module PeakMatch GenePattern module KNN GenePattern module KNN is a GenePattern software module which perform a k-nearest neighbors data transformation. James Malone GenePattern module KNN GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a hierarchical clustering data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module HierarchicalClustering GenePattern SVM James Malone GenePattern SVM Applied Biosystems Philippe Rocca-Serra Applied Biosystems GenePattern module PCA GenePattern module PCA is a GenePattern software module which is used to perform a principal components analysis dimensionality reduction data transformation. James Malone PERSON: James Malone GenePattern module PCA GenePattern peak matching James Malone Ryan Brinkman GenePattern peak matching Bruker Daltonics Philippe Rocca-Serra Bruker Daltonics GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization The GenePattern process of generating Heat Maps from clustered data. James Malone GenePattern HeatMapViewer data visualization GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization The GenePattern process of generating hierarchical clustering visualization from clustered data. James Malone GenePattern HierarchicalClusteringViewer data visualization GenePattern module HeatMapViewer A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a heatmap view of data. James Malone GenePattern module HeatMapViewer GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer A GenePattern software module which is used to generate a view of data that has been hierarchically clustered. James Malone GenePattern module HierarchicalClusteringViewer Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan WEB:http://www.sysmex.com/ Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan right handed right handed ambidexterous ambidexterous left handed left handed eBioscience Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.ebioscience.com/ eBioscience Cytopeia Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.cytopeia.com/ Cytopeia Exalpha Biological Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.exalpha.com/ Exalpha Biological Apogee Flow Systems Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.apogeeflow.com/ Apogee Flow Systems Exbio Antibodies Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.exbio.cz/ Exbio Antibodies Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences) Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.bdbiosciences.com/ Becton Dickinson (BD Biosciences) Dako Cytomation Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.dakousa.com/ Dako Cytomation Millipore Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.guavatechnologies.com/ Millipore Antigenix Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.antigenix.com/ Antigenix Partec Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.partec.de/ Partec Beckman Coulter Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.beckmancoulter.com/ Beckman Coulter Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies) Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.aicompanies.com/ Advanced Instruments Inc. (AI Companies) Miltenyi Biotec Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/ Miltenyi Biotec AES Chemunex Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.aeschemunex.com/ AES Chemunex Bentley Instruments Karin Breuer WEB:http://bentleyinstruments.com/ Bentley Instruments Invitrogen Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.invitrogen.com/ Invitrogen Luminex Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.luminexcorp.com/ Luminex CytoBuoy Karin Breuer WEB:http://www.cytobuoy.com/ CytoBuoy Nimblegen An organization that focuses on manufacturing target enrichment probe pools for DNA sequencing. Person: Jie Zheng Nimblegen Pacific Biosciences An organization that supplies tools for studying the synthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA and protein. It developed a powerful technology platform called single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology which enables real-time analysis of biomolecules with single molecule resolution. Person: Jie Zheng Pacific Biosciences NanoString Technologies An organization that supplies life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostics based on a novel digital molecular barcoding technology. The NanoString platform can provide simple, multiplexed digital profiling of single molecules. NanoString Technologies G1: Well differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells and the organization of the tumor tissue appear close to normal. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G1 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G1: Well differentiated G2: Moderately differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are moderately differentiated and reflect an intermediate grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G2 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G2: Moderately differentiated G3: Poorly differentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are poorly differentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G3 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G3: Poorly differentiated G4: Undifferentiated A histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor cells are undifferentiated and do not look like normal cells and tissue. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G4 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis/tumor-grade-fact-sheet NCI BBRB G4: Undifferentiated G1 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are round, uniform, approximately 10um and that nucleoli are inconspicuous or absent. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 1 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G1 (Fuhrman) G2 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are slightly irregular, approximately 15um and nucleoli are evident. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 2 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G2 (Fuhrman) G3 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei are very irregular, approximately 20um and nucleoli large and prominent. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 3 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G3 (Fuhrman) G4 (Fuhrman) A histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System indicating that nuclei arei bizarre and multilobulated, 20um or greater and nucleoli are prominent and chromatin clumped. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Grade 4 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G4 (Fuhrman) Low grade ovarian tumor A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is low grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Low grade NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB Low grade ovarian tumor High grade ovarian tumor A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system indicating that the tumor is high grade. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis High grade NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB High grade ovarian tumor G1 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is well differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G1 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G1 (WHO) G2 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is moderately differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G2 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G2 (WHO) G3 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is poorly differentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G3 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G3 (WHO) G4 (WHO) A histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization indicating that the tumor is undifferentiated. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis G4 NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB G4 (WHO) pT0 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (colon) pTis (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ (intraepithelial or invasion of lamina propria). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pTis (colon) pT1 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades submucosa. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (colon) pT2 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades muscularis propria. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (colon) pT3 (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades subserosa or into non-peritionealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (colon) pT4a (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor perforates visceral peritoneum. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4a (colon) pT4b (colon) A pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor directly invades other organs or structures. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4b (colon) pT0 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (lung) pTis (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating carcinoma in situ. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pTis (lung) pT1 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (lung) pT1a (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (lung) pT1b (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (lung) pT2 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 7 cm or the tumor has any of the following features: involves main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina, invades visceral pleura, associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (lung) pT2a (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (lung) pT2b (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 5 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (lung) pT3 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of: parietal pleura, chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardiu or the tumor is in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina or there is associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (lung) pT4 (lung) A pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina or there is separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe to that of the primary. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4 (lung) pT0 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (kidney) pT1 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 7 cm or less in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (kidney) pT1a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is 4 cm or less. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (kidney) pT1b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (kidney) pT2 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (kidney) pT2a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 7 cm but not more than 10 cm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (kidney) pT2b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is more than 10 cm and limited to the kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (kidney) pT3 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond the Gerota fascia. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (kidney) pT3a (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or the tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat (peripelvic) fat but not beyond Gerota fascia. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3a (kidney) pT3b (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava below diaphragm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3b (kidney) pT3c (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor grossly extends into vena cava above the diaphragm or Invades the wall of the vena cava. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3c (kidney) pT4 (kidney) A pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor invades beyond Gerota fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT4 (kidney) pT0 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no evidence of primary tumor. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT0 (ovary) pT1 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to the ovaries (one or both). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1 (ovary) pT1a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one ovary; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1a (ovary) pT1b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to both ovaries; capsule intact, no tumor on ovarian surface and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1b (ovary) pT1c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor is limited to one or both ovaries with capsule ruptured, tumor on ovarian surface, or malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT1c (ovary) pT2 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2 (ovary) pT2a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension and/or implants on uterus and/or tube(s) and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2a (ovary) pT2b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has extension to other pelvic tissues and no malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2b (ovary) pT2c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has pelvic extension with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT2c (ovary) pT3 (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor involves one or both ovaries with microscopically confirmed peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis and/or regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3 (ovary) pT3a (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has microscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3a (ovary) pT3b (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has macroscopic peritoneal, metastatasis beyond pelvis, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3b (ovary) pT3c (ovary) A pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that the tumor has peritoneal metastasis beyond pelvis, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension and/or regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_t/ NCI BBRB pT3c (ovary) pN0 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastsis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (colon) pN1 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (colon) pN1a (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 1 regional lymph node. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1a (colon) pN1b (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 2-3 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1b (colon) pN1c (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating tumor deposit(s), i.e., satellites in the subserosa, or in non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal soft tissue without regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1c (colon) pN2 (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2 (colon) pN2a (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 4 to 6 regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2a (colon) pN2b (colon) A pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2b (colon) pN0 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (lung) pN1 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (lung) pN2 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN2 (lung) pN3 (lung) A pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN3 (lung) pN0 (kidney) A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (kidney) pN1 (kidney) A pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (kidney) pN0 (ovary) A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN0 (ovary) pN1 (ovary) A pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is regional lymph node metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_n/ NCI BBRB pN1 (ovary) cM0 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are no symptoms or signs of distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging#Pathological_M_Categorization_.28cM_and_pM.29 NCI BBRB cM0 (colon) cM1 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is clinical evidence of distant metastases by history, physical examination, imaging studies, or invasive procedures, but without microscopic evidence of the presumed distant metastases. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging#Pathological_M_Categorization_.28cM_and_pM.29 NCI BBRB cM1 (colon) cM1a (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1a (colon) cM1b (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1b (colon) pM1 (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is microscopic evidence confirming distant metastatic disease. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (colon) pM1a (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is confined to one organ and histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1a (colon) pM1b (colon) A pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is in more than one organ or the peritoneum and histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/colon/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1b (colon) cM0 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (lung) cM1 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (lung) cM1a (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is based on clinical assessment and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1a (lung) cM1b (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1b (lung) pM1 (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (lung) pM1a (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that metastasis is histologically confirmed and a separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules OR malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1a (lung) pM1b (lung) A pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed and associated with distant lymph nodes or carcinomatosis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/lung/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1b (lung) cM0 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (kidney) cM1 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there are distant metastases based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (kidney) pM1 (kidney) A pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is a distant metastases that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/kidney_parenchyma/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (kidney) cM0 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is no distant metastasis. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM0 (ovary) cM1 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis based on clinical assessment. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB cM1 (ovary) pM1 (ovary) A pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition indicating that there is distant metastasis except peritoneal metastasis that is histologically confirmed. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_m/ NCI BBRB pM1 (ovary) Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a small carcinoma, either asymptomatic or giving rise to metastases without symptoms due to the primary carcinoma. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Occult Carcinoma http://www.medilexicon.com/dictionary/14371 NCI BBRB Occult Carcinoma (AJCC 7th) Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating a carcinoma in situ (or melanoma in situ for melanoma of the skin or germ cell neoplasia in situ for testicular germ cell tumors) and generally is considered to have no metastatic potential. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage 0 (AJCC 7th) Stage I (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers that are smaller or less deeply invasive without regional disease or nodes. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage I (AJCC 7th) Stage IIA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIB and IIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA (AJCC 7th) Stage IIB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIB (AJCC 7th) Stage IIC (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent but less than in Stage III and with differing characteristics from IIA and IIB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIC (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIB and IIIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIA (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIC. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIB (AJCC 7th) Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers with increasing tumor or nodal extent greater than in Stage II and with differing characteristics from IIIA and IIIB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIC (AJCC 7th) Stage IVA (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVB. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVA (AJCC 7th) Stage IVB (AJCC 7th) A clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition indicating cancers in patients who present with distant metastases at diagnosis and with differing characteristics from IVA. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVB (AJCC 7th) Stage IA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating invasive carcinoma which can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with deepest invasion <5 mm and the largest extension <7 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA (FIGO) Stage IA1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of <3.0 mm in depth and extension of <7.0 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA1 (FIGO) Stage IA2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating measured stromal invasion of >3.0 mm and not >5.0 mm with an extension of not >7.0 mm. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IA2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IA2 (FIGO) Stage IB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesions limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB (FIGO) Stage IB1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB1 (FIGO) Stage IB2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating clinically visible lesion limited to the cervix uteri or pre-clinical cancers greater than stage IA >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IB2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IB2 (FIGO) Stage IIA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA (FIGO) Stage IIA1 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion <4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA1 (FIGO) Stage IIA2 (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina without parametrial invasion and clinically visible lesion >4.0 cm in greatest dimension. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIA2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIA2 (FIGO) Stage IIB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating cervical carcinoma invades beyond the uterus, but not to the pelvic wall or to the lower third of the vagina with obvious parametrial invasion. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIB (FIGO) Stage IIIA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating tumour involves lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIA (FIGO) Stage IIIB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or non-functioning kidney. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IIIB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IIIB (FIGO) Stage IVA (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread of the growth to adjacent organs. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVA (FIGO) Stage IVB (FIGO) An International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification indicating spread to distant organs. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage IVB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer_staging NCI BBRB Stage IVB (FIGO) Stage 1 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1 (FIGO) Stage 1A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1a, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1A (FIGO) Stage 1B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1b, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1B (FIGO) Stage 1C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T1c, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 1C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 1C (FIGO) Stage 2 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2 (FIGO) Stage 2A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2a, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2A (FIGO) Stage 2B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2b, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2B (FIGO) Stage 2C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T2c, N0, and M0. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 2C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 2C (FIGO) Stage 3 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3, N0, and M0) or (T3,3a,3b, NX, and M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3 (FIGO) Stage 3A (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3a, N0, and M0 . Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3A https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3A (FIGO) Stage 3B (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of T3b, N0, and M0 . Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3B https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3B (FIGO) Stage 3C (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T3c, N0,X and M0) or (any T, N1 and M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 3C https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 3C (FIGO) Stage 4 (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of any T, any N, and M1. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage 4 https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage 4 (FIGO) Stage Unknown (FIGO) A International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification associated with TNM stage values of (T0, N0, and M0) or (T1,1a-1c,2,2a-2c, NX, and M0) or (TX, N0,X, M0). Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis Stage Unknown https://staging.seer.cancer.gov/tnm/input/1.0/ovary/path_stage_group_direct/ NCI BBRB Stage Unknown (FIGO) 3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and in bed for more than 50% of the day but is not bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 3: symptomatic in bed more than 50% of the day but not bed ridden 2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is in bed for less than 50% of the day. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 2: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day 4: bed ridden An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic and is bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 4: bed ridden 0: asymptomatic An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is asymptomatic. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 0: asymptomatic 1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification indicating a patient is symptomatic but is fully ambulatory. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 1: symptomatic but fully ambulatory 100: asymptomatic A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is asymptomatic. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 100: asymptomatic 80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but fully ambulatory. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 80-90: symptomatic but fully ambulatory 60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 60-70: symptomatic but in bed less than 50% of the day 40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden A Karnofsky score vaue specification indicating that a patient is symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden. Chris Stoeckert, Helena Ellis NCI BBRB, OBI NCI BBRB 40-50: symptomatic, in bed more than 50% of the day, but not bed ridden Oxford Nanopore Technologies An organization that is developing and selling nanopore sequencing products and is based in the UK. James A. Overton https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Nanopore_Technologies Oxford Nanopore Technologies BioGents An organization that manufactures mosquito traps and other mosquito control products. John Judkins WEB:https://eu.biogents.com/about-biogents/ BioGents Abbott A manufacturer of rapid point-of-care assay devices. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 WEB:https://www.globalpointofcare.abbott/en/about.html https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 Abbott J. Mitra A manufacturer of in vitro diagnostic assay kits in India. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 WEB:https://jmitra.co.in/about-us/ https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 J. Mitra InBios A manufacturer that specializes in in vitro diagnostic devices designed to test for infectious diseases. John Judkins ORCID:0000-0001-6595-0902 WEB:https://inbios.com/about/ https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1456 InBios meter A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. m meter kilogram A mass unit which is equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram kept by the BIPM at Svres, France. kg kilogram second A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom. s sec second centimeter A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m. cm centimeter micrometer A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m. um micrometer nanometer A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m. nm nanometer angstrom A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m. angstrom gram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a kilogram or 10^[-3] kg. g gram milligram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of a gram or 10^[-3] g. mg milligram microgram A mass unit which is equal to one millionth of a gram or 10^[-6] g. ug microgram nanogram A mass unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a gram or 10^[-9] g. ng nanogram picogram A mass unit which is equal to 10^[-12] g. pg picogram degree Celsius A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K. C degree C degree Celsius minute A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds. min minute hour A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes. h hr hour day A time unit which is equal to 24 hours. day week A time unit which is equal to 7 days. week month A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days. month year A time unit which is equal to 12 months which is science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days. year micromole A substance unit equal to a millionth of a mol or 10^[-6] mol. umol micromole nanomole A substance unit equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a mole or 10^[-9] mol. nmol nanomole picomole A substance unit equal to 10^[-12] mol. pmol picomole molar A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L). M molar millimolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M. mM millimolar micromolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M. uM micromolar nanomolar A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M. nM nanomolar picomolar A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M. pM picomolar cubic centimeter A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-9] m^[3], or to 1 ml. cc cubic centimeter milliliter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a liter or 10^[-3] L, or to 1 cubic centimeter. ml milliliter liter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 decimeter. L liter cubic decimeter A volume unit which is equal to one thousand of a cubic meter or 10^[-3] m^[3], or to 1 L. cubic decimeter microliter A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter or 10^[-6] L. ul microliter nanoliter A volume unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a liter or 10^[-9] L. nl nanoliter picoliter A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-12] L. pl picoliter hertz A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second. hertz volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the volume of the solute in mL per 100 mL of the resulting solution. % v/v percent vol per vol volume percentage gram per liter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in liters. g per L g/L gram per liter milligram per milliliter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in milligrams divided by the volume in milliliters. mg per ml mg/ml milligram per milliliter degree Fahrenheit A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius. degree Fahrenheit pH A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+). pH milliliter per liter A volume per unit volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a liter of solute in one liter of solution. ml per L ml/l milliliter per liter gram per deciliter A mass density unit which is equal to mass of an object in grams divided by the volume in deciliters. g/dl gram per deciliter colony forming unit per volume A concentration unit which a measure of viable bacterial numbers in a given volume. colony forming unit per volume microliters per minute A volumetric flow rate unit which is equal to one microliter volume through a given surface in one minute. microliters per minute count per nanomolar second A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar second. count per nanomolar second count per molar second A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar second. count per molar second count per nanomolar A rate unit which is equal to one over one nanomolar. count per nanomolar count per molar A rate unit which is equal to one over one molar. count per molar microgram per liter A mass unit density which is equal to mass of an object in micrograms divided by the volume in liters. ng/ml ug/L microgram per liter https://material-digital.de/project/12 DIGIT RUBBER project https://material-digital.de/project/30 DIPONI project https://material-digital.de/project/22 InSuKa project Lars Vogt TIB – Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology and University Library Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) bravais lattice triclinic primitive true bravais lattice monoclinic primitive true bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered true bravais lattice orthorombic primitive true bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered true bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered true bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered true bravais lattice tetragonal primitive true bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered true bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive true bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive true bravais lattice cubic primitive true bravais lattice cubic body-centered true bravais lattice cubic face-centered true bainite true austenite true ferrite true ledeburite true pearlite true widmanstatten structure true martensite true aggregate state solid A state where the bonds between entities transmit shear forces. true aggregate state liquid A state where the bonds of the entities transmit no shear force. true aggregate state gaseous A state where the entities have no bonding. true aggregate state plasma An aggregate state where the entities are atom nuclei and have no bonds. true aggregate state atom gas A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms. true aggregate state supercritical fluid A state with strong bindings between entities that do not transmit shear force. true aggregate state mesomorphic A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not. true aggregate state suprafluid A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entities. true aggregate state suprasolid A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties. true short range order periodic arrangement of structural features up to a few entities medium range order periodic arrangement of structural features of many entities long range order periodic arrangement of structural features of virtually all entities no range order no periodic arrangement of structural features of entites The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77 out of scope true millimeter "A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m." [NIST:NIST] A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m. (uo defined) mm mm MILLIMETER Millimeter millimeter(s) millimeter https://ontobee.org/ontology/UO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000016 quality true English 18.08.2022 mm Imported from ontocomons, also present in TIB terminological service millimeter millimeter millimeter [nist] A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution. (x) chi mole fraction A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution. Wikipedia:Wikipedia mass percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture. % w/w percent weight pr weight w/w weight-weight percentage mass percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture. Wikipedia:Wikipedia mass volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture. % w/v percent vol per vol (w/v) weight-volume percentage mass volume percentage A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture. UOC:GVG dc:license The class of OWL individuals. Akhilesh Vyas Thing Martin Glauer Jörg Waitelonis Fabian Neuhaus Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi Bernd Bayerlein Markus Schilling Henk Birkholz Simon Stier Thomas Hanke Kostiantyn Hubaiev Philipp von Hartrott If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X