\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usetheme{Pittsburgh}

\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty
\title{VIM: The Basic Part}
\author{Caleb Jhones}
\date{8 September 2016}
\begin{document}

\begin{frame}
    \maketitle
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{A bit of history}
    \pause
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Begun by Bram Moolenaar in the late 80s as a port of the Stevie editor (on the 80s Amiga computers)
        \item Publicly released in 1991, and has been continually updated ever since
        \item 'Vim' originally stood for '\underline{V}i \underline{IM}itation'. This was later changed to '\underline{V}i \underline{IM}proved' when vim's functionality surpassed that of its predicessor
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Why use vim?}
    \pause
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Because it's the best plaintext editor available!
        \pause (please don't hurt me) \pause (emacs users, I'm looking at you)
        \pause
        \item In reality, either will work very well. I prefer vim because:
        \pause
        \begin{itemize}
            \item All commonly-used commands are single (or sometimes two) keystrokes
            \pause
            \item If you're using a standard keyboard layout, the control key can be inconvenient to reach
            \pause
            \item Modal editing (more on this later)
            \pause
            \item Mainly, it's what I started learning, and have grown to like
        \end{itemize}
        \pause
        \item Brace yourselves.... if you've never used vim before, what follows will be like a fire-hose. I'm partly intending this to be a reference for you all, so don't worry about absorbing everything right now
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Modal editing}
    \pause
    \begin{itemize}
        \item In more GUI-dependent text editors, you need to use the mouse very often (for moving the cursor, selecting file menus, \&c). It also depends on things like arrow keys and modifier keys (\texttt{Shift}, \texttt{Control}, \texttt{Alt}, \&c)
        \pause
        \item This means you need to move your hands away from the home row, which is slow and annoying
        \pause
        \item Vim removes these problems by being driven completely using a keyboard (rather than a keyboard and mouse), and making only sparing use of modifier keys
        \pause
        \item This is possible using \textbf{modes}. Each key on the keyboard does something different in each mode, meaning you have many possible functions of each key, beyond simply typing that letter into a file
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Modes}
    % normal (aka command)
    \pause
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Normal (sometimes called command) mode:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item No text in the bottom left corner of your console window
            \item Used to get to other modes, for cursor movement, copy/pasting, saving, etc...
            \item This is where you begin when you open a vim window
            \item To return here from other modes, press the \texttt{Esc} key
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Modes}
    % insert mode
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Insert mode:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Normal mode is great. But this is a text editor, and I want to type!
            \pause
            \item From normal mode, press \texttt{i} to get to insert mode
            \item You are now able to edit files! Type away to your heart's content!
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Modes}
    % visual and visual line mode
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Visual mode:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item From normal mode, press \texttt{v}
            \item You can now select text one character or (partial) line at a time using your cursor
        \end{itemize}
        \pause
        \item Visual line mode:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item From normal mode, press \texttt{V} (captial V)
            \item Now you can select text one (whole) line at a time
        \end{itemize}
        \pause
        \item Visual block mode:
        \begin{itemize}
            \item From normal mode, press \texttt{Ctrl+v}
            \item Now select using \texttt{h}, \texttt{j}, \texttt{k}, and \texttt{l} in blocks (hence the name)
            \item Using \texttt{Shift+i}, you can insert text at the beginning of your selection (see example)
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Basic commands, from normal mode}
    % hjkl, i/o/a
    \pause
    \begin{itemize}
        \item \texttt{h}, \texttt{j}, \texttt{k}, and \texttt{l} move the cursor left, down, up, and right, respectively
        \pause
        \item \texttt{i} puts you into insert mode, right where the cursor is
        \pause
        \item \texttt{a} puts you into insert mode, one character to the right of the cursor
        \item \texttt{A} puts you into insert mode at the end of the current line
        \pause
        \item \texttt{o} inserts a line below the current line, and puts you into insert mode on that line
        \item \texttt{O} (captial O) is the same as lower-case \texttt{o}, but a line above
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Basic commands, from normal mode}
    %dd/yy/x, p, w/b
    \begin{itemize}
        \item \texttt{dd} will delete an entire line, and \texttt{yy} will copy an entire line (whichever line the cursor is on)
        \item \texttt{x} deletes the character under the cursor. \texttt{X} deletes the character before the cursor
        \pause
        \item \texttt{p} will paste whatever is in the buffer currently
        \begin{itemize}
            \item How do you put something into the paste buffer? With \texttt{x}, \texttt{dd}, or \texttt{yy}! These also function as what you would think of as cut and copy
        \end{itemize}
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Basic commands, from normal mode}
    % u/C-r, w/b, gg/G
    \begin{itemize}
        \item \texttt{u} can be used to undo, and \texttt{Ctrl+r} to redo
        \pause
        \item \texttt{w} moves the cursor forward by one word at a time, and \texttt{b} moves it back
        \pause
        \item \texttt{gg} moves the cursor to the top of the file
        \item \texttt{G} moves the cursor to the bottom of the file
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Saving, loading, quitting}
    % :w [filename], :q[!], :wq/:x
    \pause
    \begin{itemize}
        \item So we're finally done with editing our file, and we want to save. Or maybe we decided we didn't need the edits we made afterall
        \pause
        \item Type \texttt{:w} from normal mode to save the file (you can do this at any point in the edit process)
        \item \texttt{:q} will exit vim, without saving. If you have unsaved edits, it will warn you of this and not exit
        \item \texttt{:q!} exits silently and without saving. Only use this if you really don't want your file changes!
        \item Lastly, these can be strung together to save and quit, i.e. \texttt{:wq}. There is also \texttt{:x}, which does the same thing
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Other cool tricks}
    % gg=G, ==, ctrl+p, :!<command>
    \pause
    \begin{itemize}
        \item Use \texttt{gg=G} to retab an entire file (as vim sees appropriate! Not always correct, sadly)
        \item You can also just use \texttt{==} to do a single line
        \pause
        \item You can auto-complete any word that vim has already seen in the file by using \texttt{Ctrl+p}
        \pause
        \item You can also run shell commands straight from vim (particularly useful for things like \texttt{make}). Type \texttt{:!<your command>} and it will be run in your shell
    \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Now for Jack}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=150pt]{./vimlogo.png}
\end{frame}

\end{document}