# Authoritative sources — EAC / CAE Habré

Sources that may be cited, and how to access them.

## Tier 1 — primary, authoritative

### Forum des Chambres Africaines Extraordinaires (forumchambresafricaines.org)

The principal **mirror archive** of EAC decisions, transcripts, and procedural records. After the EAC's dissolution in 2017, this archive (maintained by civil society partners) became the primary repository of the EAC's documentary corpus. Hosts:
- The Trial Judgment of 30 May 2016 (Jugement)
- The Reparations Decision of 29 July 2016 (Décision sur les Réparations Civiles)
- The Appeals Judgment of 27 April 2017 (Arrêt)
- Major procedural decisions of the Chambre d'Instruction
- Transcripts of public hearings

URL pattern: `https://www.forumchambresafricaines.org/docs/[document].pdf` — example: the combined Trial Judgment with annexed Reparations Decision is available at `JugementCAEd'Assises_Penal&Civil_.pdf`.

### chambresafricaines.org (historical official site)

The **historical official website** of the EAC. Intermittently unavailable after the EAC's dissolution. Where accessible, hosts:
- The Accord UA-Sénégal of 22 August 2012
- The Statut des CAE
- All major decisions

When the site is down, fall back to forumchambresafricaines.org, legal-tools.org, or the Wayback Machine archive of chambresafricaines.org.

### legal-tools.org — ICC Legal Tools Database

Mirrors the principal EAC decisions and the Statut. Navigate via "Other International(ised) Criminal Jurisdictions" > "Extraordinary African Chambers". Stable PDFs with permanent IDs.

### au.int — African Union legal portal

For the **Accord UA-Sénégal of 22 August 2012** (the founding bilateral instrument) and for AU communications on the Trust Fund for Victims. Search under "African Union" + "Habré" or "Extraordinary African Chambers".

### ICJ — International Court of Justice (icj-cij.org)

For *Questions concerning the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)*, Judgment, ICJ Reports 2012, p. 422 (20 July 2012). This is the foundational judgment that compelled Senegal to act and led directly to the Accord with the AU.

### ECOWAS Court of Justice (courtecowas.org)

For *Hissène Habré v. Republic of Senegal*, ECW/CCJ/JUD/06/10, 18 November 2010 — the regional judgment that constrained Senegal to proceed through an ad hoc court of "international character" rather than its ordinary national courts.

## Tier 2 — secondary (must be labelled when used)

### Human Rights Watch (hrw.org/habre-case)

**Reed Brody**'s near-complete documentary archive of the Habré case. Treat as **Tier 1 in practice for procedural milestones** (dates of arrest, indictment, judgment) because Brody's involvement spans three decades and his documentation is contemporaneous and accurate. Treat as **Tier 2 for legal characterisation** (HRW is an advocacy organisation; legal characterisations should be confirmed against EAC's own decisions).

Key resources at hrw.org/habre-case:
- *Statute of the Extraordinary African Chambers* (English unofficial translation): hrw.org/news/2013/09/02/statute-extraordinary-african-chambers
- Trial chronology
- Press releases on each procedural milestone

### Reed Brody, *To Catch a Dictator: The Pursuit and Trial of Hissène Habré* (Columbia University Press 2022)

The definitive narrative account by the prosecution's principal civil society investigator. Authoritative on the procedural and political history; cite as a secondary source for that purpose.

### Academic commentary

- **Sarah Williams**, *The Extraordinary African Chambers in the Senegalese Courts: An African Solution to an African Problem?*, *Journal of International Criminal Justice* 11 (2013) 1139 — the principal scholarly treatment of the EAC's institutional design
- **Sarah Williams and Sharan Srinivasan (eds.)**, *The President on Trial: Prosecuting Hissène Habré* (Oxford University Press 2020) — the standard scholarly volume on the trial
- **Naomi Roht-Arriaza** — comparative work on universal jurisdiction; the EAC features prominently
- **Olympia Bekou and Sangeeta Shah** (eds.), *Cultivating Accountability for the Future of International Criminal Justice* — the Habré case in comparative perspective
- **Kim Thuy Seelinger** — on sexual violence prosecution at the EAC

### Journals

- *Journal of International Criminal Justice* (Oxford)
- *Nordic Journal of Human Rights*, vol. 34 no. 3 (2016) — special issue on the Habré case
- *Journal of African Law* (Cambridge University Press) — including Christine Diab and others on reparations
- *African Journal of International and Comparative Law*

### NGOs and civil society

- **REDRESS** (redress.org) — amicus curiae brief on reparations (February 2017); analytical work on the Trust Fund
- **Amnesty International** — Chad coverage and EAC-specific publications; particularly the press release of 28 April 2017
- **ATPDH** (Association Tchadienne pour la Promotion et la Défense des Droits de l'Homme), led by **Jacqueline Moudeina** — lead Chadian civil party organisation
- **FIACAT** (Fédération internationale de l'action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture) — civil party representation
- **AVCRP** (Association des victimes des crimes du régime de Habré) — Chadian victim association
- **TRIAL International** — universal jurisdiction monitoring

### Journalism

- **JusticeInfo.net** — Franck Petit and others; the principal trial-monitoring publication for the EAC in French and English
- **RFI** (Radio France Internationale) — extensive Habré trial coverage in French
- **Le Monde Afrique**, **Jeune Afrique** — French-language press
- **AP, Reuters, AFP** — wire coverage
- **The Guardian**, **The New York Times** — English-language analytical coverage

## Never authoritative

Wikipedia, Grokipedia, social media, AI summaries, blogs (unless from an identified serious scholar).

## A note on languages

EAC proceedings were conducted in **French** — the official language of Senegalese courts and the Statut des CAE. Some witnesses testified in Chadian Arabic or local languages with interpretation. **The French version of all EAC decisions is authoritative**; English translations (by HRW, JusticeInfo, scholarly publishers) are unofficial and should be identified as such.