# Citation format — EAC / CAE Habré

How to cite, with worked examples.

## The four citation modes

### 1. Foundational texts

**Accord UA-Sénégal of 22 August 2012:**
> *Accord entre le Gouvernement de la République du Sénégal et l'Union africaine sur la création de Chambres africaines extraordinaires au sein des juridictions sénégalaises*, Dakar, 22 août 2012.

Short forms: *Accord UA-Sénégal*; *Accord du 22 août 2012*.

**Statut des CAE:**
> *Statut des Chambres africaines extraordinaires*, art. [N], annexé à l'Accord UA-Sénégal du 22 août 2012.

Short forms: *Statut des CAE*, art. [N]; *Statut EAC*, art. [N].

### 2. EAC decisions and judgments

**General form:**
> *[Désignation]*, [Chambre], [Type de document], [Date], [page/paragraphe].

**Chamber designations:**
- **Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d'Instruction** (Investigative Chamber)
- **Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d'Assises** (Trial Chamber)
- **Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d'Assises d'Appel** (Appeals Chamber)

**Document types:**
- **Décision** — investigative-phase decisions, procedural orders
- **Ordonnance** — orders, particularly protective orders over assets
- **Jugement** — first-instance trial judgment
- **Décision sur les Réparations Civiles** (or **Décision Civile**) — civil/reparations decision
- **Arrêt** — appellate judgment

**Worked examples — the four core documents:**

- *Ministère Public v. Hissein Habré*, Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d'Instruction, Ordonnance de mise en accusation (indictment), **13 février 2015**.

- *Ministère Public v. Hissein Habré*, Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d'Assises, **Jugement**, **30 mai 2016**, p. [N].

- *Ministère Public v. Hissein Habré*, Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d'Assises, **Décision sur les Réparations Civiles**, **29 juillet 2016**, p. [N]. (Often appended to the Jugement of 30 mai 2016.)

- *Procureur Général v. Hissein Habré*, Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d'Assises d'Appel, **Arrêt**, **27 avril 2017**, p. [N].

### 3. Antecedent jurisprudence

**ICJ judgment:**
> *Questions concerning the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal)*, Judgment, ICJ Reports 2012, p. 422, 20 July 2012, para. [N].

Short form: *Belgium v. Senegal*, ICJ 2012.

**ECOWAS Court judgment:**
> *Hissène Habré v. Republic of Senegal*, Case No. ECW/CCJ/JUD/06/10, ECOWAS Community Court of Justice, 18 November 2010, para. [N].

Short form: *Habré v. Senegal*, ECOWAS Court 2010.

### 4. Civil parties designation

The civil party register at the EAC included **7,396 named civil parties** (plus 3,489 supplementary applicants whose identity verification was incomplete at the time of the Appeals Judgment).

The lead civil party in scholarly and litigation usage is **Clément Abaïfouta** (President of AVCRP — Association des victimes des crimes du régime de Habré). The civil party action is sometimes referenced as:

> *Clément Abaïfouta and 6,999 Others v. Republic of Chad (Hissène Habré case)* — particularly in REDRESS submissions and Trust Fund proceedings.

This designation is **not** the formal title used by the EAC itself; the EAC criminal proceedings are *Ministère Public v. Hissein Habré* (with civil parties joined). The "Abaïfouta and others" formulation is appropriate for **post-EAC reparations proceedings** before the African Union Trust Fund.

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## Names and spellings

- **Hissein Habré** — the spelling used in EAC judgments (note: "Hissein" with one 'n', not "Hissène" which is the more common journalistic French spelling; both are encountered. The judgments use **Hissein**)
- **Jacqueline Moudeina** — lead Chadian civil party counsel
- **Reed Brody** — principal civil society investigator (Human Rights Watch)
- **Gberdao Gustave Kam** — President of the Trial Chamber (Burkina Faso)
- **DDS** — Direction de la Documentation et de la Sécurité — Habré's secret police, the principal instrument of the regime's repression

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## The four core decisions — quick reference

| Document | Chamber | Date |
|---|---|---|
| **Ordonnance de mise en accusation** | Chambre d'Instruction | 13 février 2015 |
| **Jugement** (Trial Judgment) | Chambre d'Assises | **30 mai 2016** |
| **Décision sur les Réparations Civiles** | Chambre d'Assises | **29 juillet 2016** |
| **Arrêt** (Appeals Judgment) | Chambre d'Assises d'Appel | **27 avril 2017** |

---

## The reparations figures — quick reference

**Trial Chamber (29 July 2016) — individual amounts by victim category:**
- Victims of **rape and sexual violence**: 20 million CFA francs each (≈ USD 33,880)
- Victims of **arbitrary detention, torture, prisoners of war and survivors**: 15 million CFA francs each (≈ USD 25,410)
- **Indirect victims**: 10 million CFA francs each (≈ USD 16,935)

**Appeals Chamber (27 April 2017) — total fixed:**
- **82,290 milliards de francs CFA** (= 82.290 billion CFA francs in English ≠ 82.29 billion in French ; literally "82 thousand 290 million CFA francs")
- Equivalent: approximately **125 million EUR** / **145 million USD** at the time
- Allocated to **7,396 named civil parties**
- Execution delegated to the **African Union Trust Fund for Victims**

---

## Status of the accused

**Hissein Habré:**
- Arrested **30 June 2013** in Dakar (Senegal)
- Indicted **13 February 2015**
- Trial **20 July 2015 – February 2016** (closing statements)
- Convicted at first instance **30 May 2016** — sentenced to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity (including rape, sexual slavery, murder, summary executions, kidnapping followed by enforced disappearance, torture, inhumane acts), war crimes (murder, torture, inhumane treatment, unlawful detention), and torture
- Reparations decision **29 July 2016**
- Appeals hearings **9-12 January 2017**
- Final judgment **27 April 2017** — conviction upheld in most respects; **acquitted on appeal of one direct rape count** (the direct rape of Khadidja Hassan Zidane); total reparations fixed
- **Died 24 August 2021** in Dakar — the criminal sentence is therefore extinguished as a matter of personal execution; the EAC's substantive findings remain authoritative and the reparations obligation transferred to the Trust Fund continues

## When the citation cannot be completed

If, after verification, you cannot identify the document type, chamber, or date, the citation is not yet a citation. Narrow the claim, or tell the user what is missing and ask them to provide the source.