# Citation format — Special Panels Timor-Leste

## Citation modes

### 1. Foundational texts

**UNTAET Regulations:**
> UNTAET Regulation No. 2000/15, On the Establishment of Panels with Exclusive Jurisdiction over Serious Criminal Offences, 6 June 2000, Section [N].

> UNTAET Regulation No. 2000/30, On the Transitional Rules of Criminal Procedure, 25 September 2000, Section [N].

Short forms: *UNTAET Reg. 2000/15*, Section [N]; *UNTAET Reg. 2000/30*, Section [N].

**Constitution of Timor-Leste:**
> Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, 20 May 2002, Art. [N].

### 2. SPSC judgments and decisions

**General form:**
> *Prosecutor v. [Defendant(s)]*, Special Panels for Serious Crimes, Dili District Court, [Document type], Case No. [Number], [Date], [paragraph/page].

**Panel designation:**
- **Special Panels for Serious Crimes** (SPSC)
- **Dili District Court** (the institutional locus)
- **Court of Appeal of Timor-Leste** (for appeals)

**Document types:**
- **Indictment** (SCU Indictment)
- **Judgment** (first-instance judgment)
- **Appeal Judgment** (from Court of Appeal)
- **Decision** (procedural decisions)

**Case number format:** Multiple conventions used. Common formats:
- **No. XX/YYYY** — serial/year format used by the Dili District Court
- Some indictments use **SCU.IND-YYYY-NN** format

**Worked examples:**

- *Prosecutor v. Joseph Leki*, Special Panels for Serious Crimes, Dili District Court, Judgment, Case No. 05/2000, 11 June 2001.

- *Prosecutor v. Joni Marques et al.* (Los Palos case), Special Panels for Serious Crimes, Dili District Court, Judgment, Case No. 09/2000, 11 December 2001.

- *Prosecutor v. José Cardoso Fereira*, Special Panels for Serious Crimes, Dili District Court, Judgment, Case No. 04/2001, 5 April 2003.

- *Prosecutor v. Wiranto et al.*, Serious Crimes Unit Indictment, 24 February 2003. (Indictment only — never tried.)

### 3. CAVR materials

**CAVR Final Report ("Chega!"):**
> Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste, *Chega! The Report of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation Timor-Leste* (October 2005), Part [N], Section [N].

### 4. UN documents

**UN Secretary-General reports:**
> Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor, UN Doc. S/2005/310, 12 May 2005, para. [N].

**Security Council resolutions:**
> UN Security Council Resolution 1272 (1999), 25 October 1999.

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## Names and spellings

- **Timor-Leste** — the official name of the country since independence (20 May 2002). **East Timor** is the historical English name; both are encountered. **In contemporary usage prefer Timor-Leste.**
- **Tetum / Tetun** — both spellings exist for the language; "Tetum" is the older spelling, "Tetun" is increasingly used officially
- **Dili** — the capital
- **Defendant names** — typically Portuguese or Indonesian-origin: Cardoso Fereira, Joni Marques, Wiranto, Eurico Guterres, Eurico Barros Gomes Guterres
- **UNTAET** — United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (1999-2002)
- **UNMIT** — United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (2006-2012, successor to UNTAET-derived missions; under UNMIT the SCIT operated 2008-2012)
- **SPSC** = Special Panels for Serious Crimes
- **SCU** = Serious Crimes Unit (the prosecutorial body, 2000-2006)
- **SCIT** = Serious Crimes Investigation Team (the successor investigative body, 2008-2012, under UNMIT)
- **DPGSC** = Deputy Prosecutor General for Serious Crimes
- **CAVR** = Comissão de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconciliação (Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation)

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## Quick reference — institutional milestones

| Event | Date |
|---|---|
| UN Security Council Resolution 1272 establishing UNTAET | 25 October 1999 |
| UNTAET Regulation 1999/1 | 27 November 1999 |
| Indonesia-UNTAET MOU | 5-6 April 2000 |
| UNTAET Regulation 2000/11 (Court Organization) | 6 March 2000 |
| UNTAET Regulation 2000/15 (SPSC established) | **6 June 2000** |
| UNTAET Regulation 2000/16 (SCU established) | 6 June 2000 |
| UNTAET Regulation 2000/30 (TRCP) | 25 September 2000 |
| First SPSC judgments | 2001 |
| UNTAET Regulation 2001/10 (CAVR established) | 13 July 2001 |
| Timor-Leste independence | 20 May 2002 |
| Wiranto et al. SCU Indictment | 24 February 2003 |
| Three SPSC panels operational | 2003 |
| CAVR Final Report ("Chega!") | October 2005 |
| Report of the UN Commission of Experts on Serious Crimes (Galuh report) | 26 May 2005 |
| **SPSC discontinued** | **20 May 2006** |
| SCIT under UNMIT | 2008-2012 |

## Number of SPSC outcomes (approximate)

- Persons indicted by SCU: **391** (across **95 indictments**)
- Accused tried by SPSC: **~88** (in approximately **55 trials**)
- Convictions: **84** (24 on guilty plea)
- Acquittals: **4**
- Accused remaining at large: **~339**

The disparity between the 391 persons indicted and the ~88 tried reflects the **non-cooperation of Indonesia** with the SPSC's arrest warrants — the vast majority of indictees, particularly senior Indonesian military commanders, remained beyond the SPSC's reach.

## When the citation cannot be completed

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