# Crime Data Sources — Universal Section `--crime`

The `--crime` section pulls **commune-level crime statistics** for the property's locality.

Unlike amenities (universal via OSM), crime data is country-specific because each national police force or statistics office publishes differently. This file is the registry of **per-country crime data sources**.

## Universal contract for `--crime`

For the property's locality, return:
1. **Population-normalised crime rate** per 1,000 inhabitants (or 100k where conventional)
2. **Trend** (increasing / stable / decreasing) — last 5 years if available
3. **Breakdown** by category (property crime, violent crime, burglary, vehicle theft, etc.)
4. **Comparison vs national + regional average**
5. **Walking-around safety** caveat (data ≠ feeling; subjective wisdom matters)
6. **Confidence** label

## Output template

```markdown
## Crime & Safety

**Locality**: <commune/city/Stadt>, <region>
**Population**: <pop>
**Data year**: <YYYY> (latest published)
**Source**: <national/regional police statistics or stat office>

### Headline metrics

| Metric | This locality | National avg | Regional avg | Trend (5yr) |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---|
| Total crimes / 1,000 hab | <X> | <Y> | <Z> | ↑↓→ |
| Property crime / 1,000 | <X> | <Y> | <Z> | ↑↓→ |
| Burglary / 1,000 | <X> | <Y> | <Z> | ↑↓→ |
| Violent crime / 1,000 | <X> | <Y> | <Z> | ↑↓→ |
| Vehicle theft / 1,000 | <X> | <Y> | <Z> | ↑↓→ |

### Verdict
- 🟢 below national average across all categories
- 🟡 mixed: some categories elevated
- 🟠 noticeably above average for category X
- 🔴 significantly above national average; flagged for due diligence

### Walking-around safety
<one-line qualitative note from local sources/forums>

### Confidence
<HIGH | MEDIUM | LOW> — <one-sentence justification>

### Sources
- <Primary national police statistics URL>
- <Regional / commune-level data if applicable>

⚠️ **Caveats**: 
- Crime statistics reflect *recorded* offences; under-reporting varies by category
- Tourist destinations often have inflated rates (transient population)
- Rural communes have small absolute numbers (statistical noise)
```

## Per-country crime data sources

### 🇫🇷 France

- **Ministère de l'Intérieur — Service Statistique Ministériel de la Sécurité Intérieure (SSMSI)**:
  - Portal: `https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Interstats/`
  - Open data: `https://www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/bases-statistiques-communale-departementale-et-regionale-de-la-delinquance-enregistree-par-la-police-et-la-gendarmerie-nationales/`
  - **Commune-level CSV available** with caveats for small communes — individual cells **censored when count < 5 cases per type/year** (statistical disclosure protection)
  - **Practical population threshold**: for communes <1,000 pop, most cells are censored → per-commune rate computation is unreliable. **Default to département-level rate + estimated band** for these communes; explicitly label "estimated, commune <1,000 pop — SSMSI does not publish per-commune at this size"
- **ONDRP** (Observatoire National de la Délinquance et des Réponses Pénales) — historical
- **CSI 2022/2023 (Cadre Statistique Interministériel)** new methodology

### 🇮🇹 Italy

- **ISTAT delitti denunciati**: `https://www.istat.it/it/violenza-sulle-donne` + general crime
- **Ministero dell'Interno**: `https://www.interno.gov.it/` for sicurezza
- **Polizia di Stato + Carabinieri** statistics by provincia
- **Sole24Ore Indice Qualità della Vita** annually publishes provincia rankings incl. sicurezza

### 🇨🇿 Czech Republic

- **Policie ČR Mapy zločinu**: `https://mapakriminality.cz/` — interactive map per ORP/obec
- **ČSÚ Kriminalita**: `https://csu.gov.cz/`
- Per-okres + obec data; updated quarterly

### 🇸🇰 Slovakia

- **Štatistický úrad SR — Demography/Justice indicators (most reliable)**: `https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/demography/justice/indicators/`
- **Ministerstvo vnútra SR — Polícia (homepage; statistics tab JS-rendered)**: `https://www.minv.sk/`
- **Štatistický úrad SR Kriminalita**: `https://www.statistics.sk/`
- Per-okres + per-obec data

### 🇩🇪 Germany

- **BKA Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik (PKS)** — annual national report: `https://www.bka.de/DE/AktuelleInformationen/StatistikenLagebilder/PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/pks_node.html`
- Per-Bundesland LKA reports
- **Berlin Sicherheitsatlas, München Sicherheitsbericht** city-level
- **Stadtstatistik / Open Data per major city**

### 🇦🇹 Austria

- **BMI Sicherheitsbericht**: `https://www.bmi.gv.at/508/start.html`
- **Statistik Austria Kriminalstatistik**: `https://www.statistik.at/`
- Per-Bezirk + Bundesländer; annual

### 🇨🇭 Switzerland

- **BFS Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik (PKS-CH)**: `https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/kriminalitaet-strafrecht.html`
- Annual federal report; per-canton + per-Gemeinde data
- Federal + 26 cantonal police forces — combined PKS

### 🇪🇸 Spain

- **INE Estadísticas de Criminalidad**: `https://www.ine.es/`
- **Ministerio del Interior — Anuario Estadístico**: `https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/es/archivos-y-documentacion/documentacion-y-publicaciones/anuarios-y-estadisticas/anuarios-estadisticos-anteriores/`
- Per-CCAA + provincia + municipio
- **Mossos d'Esquadra** (Cataluña), **Ertzaintza** (País Vasco) separate

### 🇵🇹 Portugal

- **INE Estatísticas da Justiça e Segurança**: `https://www.ine.pt/`
- **PSP / GNR + Sistema de Segurança Interna (SSI)** annual report — RASI: `https://www.portugal.gov.pt/`
- **Pordata Segurança e Justiça**: `https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/seguranca+e+justica`

### 🇸🇪 Sweden

- **Brå (Brottsförebyggande rådet) — Kriminalstatistik**: `https://www.bra.se/statistik.html`
- **Polisen.se** monthly local reports
- Per-kommun data + neighbourhood-level for major cities

### 🇫🇮 Finland

- **Tilastokeskus Rikostilastot**: `https://stat.fi/til/rpk/index.html`
- **Poliisi statistics**: `https://poliisi.fi/`
- Per-kunta data; quarterly updates

### 🇳🇴 Norway

- **SSB Kriminalstatistikk**: `https://www.ssb.no/sosiale-forhold-og-kriminalitet/kriminalitet-og-rettsvesen/`
- **Politiet.no** local reports per district
- Per-kommune data

### 🇩🇰 Denmark

- **Danmarks Statistik (DST) Kriminalitet**: `https://www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/emner/sociale-forhold/kriminalitet`
- **Politi.dk** statistics
- Per-kommune + sogn

### 🇮🇸 Iceland

- **Hagstofa Íslands Sakamál**: `https://hagstofa.is/`
- **Lögreglan** national police statistics
- Small population means absolute numbers volatile; trends per region

### 🇳🇱 Netherlands

- **CBS Statline Misdaadstatistiek**: `https://www.cbs.nl/`
- **Politie.nl** maandcijfers per gemeente
- Per-gemeente + buurt-level for major cities

### 🇧🇪 Belgium

- **StatBel Délinquance / Criminaliteit**: `https://statbel.fgov.be/`
- **Police fédérale Statistiques**: `https://www.stat.policefederale.be/`
- Per-arrondissement + commune

### 🇬🇧 United Kingdom

- **police.uk Crime maps**: `https://www.police.uk/` — **best-in-class** address-level crime data
- **ONS Crime in England and Wales**: `https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice`
- Per-LSOA + neighbourhood; postcode lookup

### 🇮🇪 Ireland

- **CSO Recorded Crime**: `https://www.cso.ie/`
- **Garda Síochána statistics**: `https://www.garda.ie/`
- Per-Garda Division (regional)

### 🇸🇮 Slovenia

- **SURS Kriminaliteta**: `https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/Field/Index/10/60`
- **Policija statistics**: `https://www.policija.si/`
- Per-policijska postaja

### 🇬🇷 Greece

- **Hellenic Police (ELAS, ΕΛ.ΑΣ.)**: `https://www.astynomia.gr/?lang=en` — annual crime reports
- **Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) — Justice & Crime statistics**: `https://www.statistics.gr/en/statistics/-/publication/SJU03/-` — published per perifereia + nomos (region + prefecture)
- **Ministry of Citizen Protection (Υπουργείο Προστασίας του Πολίτη)**: annual security reports
- Press contact: `press@hellenicpolice.gr`
- **Granularity**: per-perifereia routine; per-dimos (municipality) only for major cities (Athens, Thessaloniki, Piraeus); rural communes typically aggregated
- **Caveat**: tourist islands inflated due to transient population (denominator mismatch); flag for Mykonos, Santorini, Rhodes, Crete coast

### 🇲🇽 Mexico

- **SESNSP (Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública)**: `https://www.gob.mx/sesnsp` — monthly municipal-level crime statistics
- **INEGI ENVIPE** (Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción): victim survey
- **Granularity**: per-estado + per-municipio
- **Caveat**: dark figure (cifra negra) very high in MX (~93% unreported); rely on victim survey + homicide data (most reliable)
- **2025 reference**: ~24 homicides per 100k national; Colima/Zacatecas/Guanajuato highest; Yucatán/Campeche lowest

### 🇧🇷 Brazil

- **Atlas da Violência (IPEA + FBSP)**: `https://www.ipea.gov.br/atlasviolencia/` — annual data
- **Anuário Brasileiro de Segurança Pública (FBSP)**: `https://forumseguranca.org.br/anuario-brasileiro-de-seguranca-publica/`
- **SINESP** (Sistema Nacional de Informações de Segurança Pública)
- **State SSP** (Secretaria de Segurança Pública) per state — São Paulo SSP best data
- **Granularity**: per-estado + per-município + bairro for major cities
- **Caveat**: state methodology varies; SP, RJ, MG most rigorous

### 🇦🇷 Argentina

- **Sistema Nacional de Información Criminal (SNIC)**: `https://www.argentina.gob.ar/seguridad/estadisticascriminales`
- **Provincial police** (Policía de la Ciudad CABA, Bonaerense PBA, Mendoza, etc.)
- **CABA Estadísticas**: city-level data
- **Granularity**: per-province + CABA (district-level)
- **Caveat**: under-reporting common; provincial divergence in methodology

### 🇨🇷 Costa Rica

- **OIJ (Organismo de Investigación Judicial)**: `https://oij.poder-judicial.go.cr/` — annual statistics
- **Ministerio de Seguridad Pública**: `https://www.seguridadpublica.go.cr/`
- **INEC Encuesta de Victimización** — victim survey
- **Granularity**: per-province + per-cantón
- **Caveat**: Limón Caribbean coast typically highest; Pacific tourist zones inflated by transient pop

### 🇵🇦 Panama

- **MINGOB (Ministerio de Gobierno)** crime stats: `https://www.mingob.gob.pa/`
- **Policía Nacional**: `https://www.policia.gob.pa/`
- **INEC Estadísticas Sociodemográficas**
- **Granularity**: per-province + per-distrito
- **Caveat**: Panama City + Colón higher than rural; expat zones (Boquete, Coronado) generally low

### 🇷🇸 Serbia

- **Republički Zavod za Statistiku (RZS) — Statistika kriminaliteta**: `https://www.stat.gov.rs/`
- **MUP (Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova)**: `https://www.mup.gov.rs/`
- **Granularity**: per-okrug (district) + per-municipality
- **Caveat**: under-reporting common; methodology aligned with EU since candidacy

### 🇲🇪 Montenegro

- **MONSTAT — Statistika kriminaliteta**: `https://www.monstat.org/`
- **Uprava policije**: `https://www.gov.me/mup/policija`
- **Granularity**: per-opština (25 municipalities)
- **Caveat**: tourist transient population inflates rates Adriatic Jul-Aug

### 🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina

- **BHAS (Agencija za statistiku BiH)**: `https://bhas.gov.ba/`
- **Entity-level police**: MUP FBiH + MUP RS entity + Brčko District police
- **Granularity**: per-entity + per-canton (FBiH) + per-opština
- **Caveat**: dual-entity methodology divergence; war-legacy reporting variable

### 🇲🇰 North Macedonia

- **MAKSTAT (Drzaven zavod za statistika) — Pravosudna i kriminalna statistika**: `https://www.stat.gov.mk/`
- **MVR (Ministerstvo za vnatresni raboti)**: `https://www.mvr.gov.mk/`
- **Granularity**: per-region + per-municipality + Skopje sub-municipalities
- **Caveat**: small population = small absolute numbers

### 🇦🇱 Albania

- **INSTAT — Statistikat e Krimit**: `https://www.instat.gov.al/`
- **Policia e Shtetit**: `https://asp.gov.al/`
- **Granularity**: per-qark (12 counties) + per-bashki
- **Caveat**: tourist transient inflates Vlorë + Sarandë; under-reporting common

### 🇨🇦 Canada

- **Statistics Canada — Police-reported crime statistics**: `https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/85-002-X` — annual Juristat publication, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR)
- **Statistics Canada Crime Severity Index (CSI)**: per CMA + per province
- **Police-reported crime data tables**: open-data downloads
- **Provincial / municipal portals** (e.g., Toronto Police Open Data, VPD Crime Map)
- **Granularity**: per-CMA + per-province + city; Toronto and Vancouver have neighbourhood-level
- **Caveat**: methodology stable; CSI weights different offence types

### 🇦🇺 Australia

- **Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) — Recorded Crime, Victims**: `https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/crime-and-justice/recorded-crime-victims-australia` — annual victim-survey + administrative data
- **State police statistics**: NSW BOCSAR `https://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/`, Crime Statistics Agency Victoria `https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/`, QPS QLD
- **Granularity**: per-state + LGA + suburb; NSW BOCSAR has best LGA-level data
- **Caveat**: state methodology divergence; NSW BOCSAR most rigorous

### 🇳🇿 New Zealand

- **NZ Police "Crime Snapshot"**: `https://www.police.govt.nz/crime-snapshot`
- **Stats NZ Justice + Crime publications**: `https://www.stats.govt.nz/topics/crime-and-justice/`
- **Granularity**: per-region + meshblock; Police "By the numbers" provides territory-level
- **Caveat**: small national pop = small absolute numbers; per-capita most useful

### 🇪🇪 Estonia

- **Statistikaamet (Statistics Estonia) crime publications**: `https://stat.ee/en/find-statistics/statistics-theme/well-being/security`
- **Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet (PPA)**: `https://www.politsei.ee/en` — annual reports
- **Justiitsministeerium (Ministry of Justice)** — crime overview reports
- **Granularity**: per-maakond (county) + Tallinn district-level for capital
- **Caveat**: methodology aligned with EU; small population = high variance

### 🇭🇷 Croatia

- **Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova (MUP)**: `https://mup.gov.hr/statistika/283222` — annual police crime statistics
- **Državni zavod za statistiku (DZS)**: `https://podaci.dzs.hr/` — Pravosuđe (justice) statistics
- **Granularity**: per-županija (county) + per-policijska uprava (police district)
- **Caveat**: tourism transient population inflates rates Adriatic Jul-Aug

### 🇭🇺 Hungary

- **KSH (Hungarian Central Statistical Office)**: `https://www.ksh.hu/stadat?lang=en&theme=igs` — Ig (Justice + Crime)
- **ENYÜBS (Egységes Nyomozó Hatósági és Ügyészségi Bűnügyi Statisztika)**: unified investigation/prosecution statistics
- **Belügyminisztérium (Ministry of Interior)** annual crime overview
- **Granularity**: per-megye (county) + Budapest district + main cities
- **Caveat**: ENYÜBS counts cases; multiple-victim offenses may inflate

### 🇵🇱 Poland

- **KGP Statystyka (Komenda Główna Policji portal)**: `https://statystyka.policja.pl/` — primary crime statistics portal
  - Per-województwo (16) + per-powiat (380) + per-gmina granular data
  - Annual + quarterly updates
  - Categories: kradzież, kradzież z włamaniem, rozbój, uszkodzenie rzeczy, bójka i pobicie, zabójstwo, pedofilia
- **Komenda Stołeczna Policji** (Warsaw): `https://ksp.bip.policja.gov.pl/ksp/statystyki` — full monthly catalogue
- **Per-city KMP** (Komenda Miejska Policji), e.g., Gdańsk: `https://gdansk.policja.gov.pl/pm1/informacje/statystyki/`
- **GUS (Główny Urząd Statystyczny)**: `https://stat.gov.pl/` — Bezpieczeństwo publiczne i sądownictwo
- **2024 reference**: ~440,000 total crimes; -30k common crimes vs 2023; homicides 503 (was 565); shoplifting -24.7%
- **Granularity**: per-województwo + per-powiat well-published; per-gmina via local KMP
- **Caveat**: methodology stable; 2017 + 2020 reforms minor

### 🇱🇹 Lithuania

- **Informatikos ir ryšių departamentas (ITKD) — Police**: `https://www.ird.lt/` — primary crime statistics portal
- **Statistics Lithuania (OSP)**: `https://osp.stat.gov.lt/` — Crime tables; bot-blocked on HEAD, browser-OK
- **Granularity**: per-apskritis (county) + per-savivaldybė (municipality) + Vilnius/Kaunas/Klaipėda district-level
- **Caveat**: post-2022 RU/BY-buyer dynamics affect Klaipėda + border-zone reporting

### 🇱🇻 Latvia

- **Iekšlietu ministrija (MoI) — Valsts policija (State Police)**: `https://www.vp.gov.lv/` — primary crime portal
- **CSP (Central Statistical Bureau)**: `https://stat.gov.lv/en` — crime / justice tables
- **Granularity**: per-statistical-region (Riga / Pierīga / Vidzeme / Kurzeme / Zemgale / Latgale) + per-novads (municipality)
- **Caveat**: Latgale (E border) Russian-speaking-majority districts have different demographics; do not over-interpret regional-only data

### 🇷🇴 Romania

- **Inspectoratul General al Poliției Române (IGPR)**: `https://www.politiaromana.ro/` — annual crime statistics, by județ (county) + main cities
- **INS (Institutul Național de Statistică)**: `https://www.insse.ro/` — Justiție și criminalitate tables
- **AMCCRS Bucharest seismic + crime overlay** (informal): https://www.hartablocuri.ro/ — community-augmented map (year of construction + crime hot-spots)
- **Granularity**: per-județ (42) + Bucharest sectors (1-6) + main cities
- **Caveat**: Bucharest sector-level data is the de-facto granularity for capital; rural commune data often suppressed

### 🇧🇬 Bulgaria

- **MVR (Ministry of Interior)**: `https://www.mvr.bg/` — primary crime data
- **NSI (Statistical Institute)**: `https://www.nsi.bg/en/` — Public order and security
- **Granularity**: per-oblast (28 provinces) + main cities + Sofia districts
- **Caveat**: Black Sea coast resort municipalities (Nesebar, Sozopol, Pomorie, Varna, Burgas) inflate rates seasonally; Sofia districts vary substantially (Ovcha kupel/Lyulin vs central)

### 🇱🇺 Luxembourg

- **Police Grand-Ducale**: `https://police.public.lu/` — annual statistics + transparency portal
- **STATEC**: `https://statistiques.public.lu/` — Délinquance et sécurité tables
- **Granularity**: per-circonscription de police + per-commune (102) + Luxembourg City quarters
- **Caveat**: Luxembourg City Gare district has elevated rates; cross-border commuter dynamic affects daytime vs resident-population denominator

### 🇨🇾 Cyprus

- **Cyprus Police**: `https://www.police.gov.cy/police/police.nsf/cyens.aspx` — annual crime report
- **CyStat**: `https://www.cystat.gov.cy/` — Justice and security
- **Granularity**: per-district (Lefkosia / Lemesos / Larnaka / Pafos / Famagusta-RoC) + main cities
- **Caveat**: Limassol Russian/CIS HNW concentration affects financial-crime + IT/cyber categories; tourist-zone Ayia Napa/Paralimni inflates summer rates; **TRNC/north not covered by RoC police statistics**

### 🇲🇹 Malta

- **Malta Police Force**: https://pulizija.gov.mt/en/ — crime statistics
- **NSO (National Statistics Office)**: https://nso.gov.mt/ — Crime and Justice tables
- **Granularity**: per-district (NSO Districts 1-6: Southern Harbour / Northern Harbour / South Eastern / Western / Northern / Gozo and Comino) + per-locality (68)
- **Caveat**: Sliema/St Julians/Paceville cluster has elevated theft-from-person + drug-related events; Marsa/Hamrun migrant-services hub elevated petty theft; Gozo materially lower across all categories

### 🇺🇸 United States

- **FBI UCR / NIBRS (Crime Data Explorer)**: `https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/ucr` + `https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/` — primary national portal; NIBRS now mandatory (replacing summary UCR) with offense-level detail
- **BJS NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey)**: `https://bjs.ojp.gov/` — annual victimization survey to triangulate dark figure
- **City-level**: most large PDs publish open-data portals (NYC NYPD CompStat, LAPD, Chicago Data Portal, SFPD, Seattle, Boston) — neighborhood / beat / precinct granularity
- **Granularity**: per-state + per-county + per-agency (≈18,000); city-level frequently parcel-adjacent via PD APIs; rural sheriff's offices often lag NIBRS reporting
- **Caveat**: NIBRS transition (2021+) created series-break; some large agencies (e.g., NYPD historically lagged) report incompletely → national totals are estimates; federal "violent crime" definition excludes simple assault — compare like-for-like

### 🇹🇷 Turkey

- **TÜİK Adalet İstatistikleri (TurkStat Justice Statistics)**: `https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Adalet-ve-Secim-110` — annual criminal justice tables
- **Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü (General Directorate of Security)**: `https://www.egm.gov.tr/` — police statistics (limited public granularity)
- **Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı**: rural districts outside police jurisdiction
- **Granularity**: per-il (province, 81) routinely published; per-ilçe (district) data not publicly available at parcel level — verify with local police district (karakol)
- **Caveat**: under-reporting in domestic violence + tourist-zone petty theft; methodology revisions 2017 + 2020; political-context offences may be undercounted

### 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates

- **Dubai Police**: `https://www.dubaipolice.gov.ae/` — published headline statistics + smart-app reporting
- **Ministry of Interior (MoI)**: `https://www.moi.gov.ae/` — federal annual report (low transparency)
- **Abu Dhabi Police**: `https://www.adpolice.gov.ae/` — emirate-level
- **Granularity**: emirate-level headline rates only; **data not publicly available at parcel/district/community level — verify with local police station (markaz)**
- **Caveat**: very low transparency vs Western peers; published rates emphasize year-on-year decline narrative; expat vs national breakdown rarely disclosed; "safest country" claims rest on government press releases not open data

### 🇯🇵 Japan

- **警察庁 (National Police Agency, NPA / Keisatsucho)**: `https://www.npa.go.jp/` — annual White Paper (犯罪統計) per prefecture
- **法務省 (Ministry of Justice / Houmusho)**: `https://www.moj.go.jp/` — annual White Paper on Crime (犯罪白書)
- **e-Stat**: `https://www.e-stat.go.jp/` — open-data portal; per-todofuken (47 prefectures) + per-city for major metros
- **Granularity**: per-prefecture + per-city; ward-level (区) for 23 Tokyo special wards + ordinance-designated cities; rural town-level often aggregated
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime; reporting rates high (high-trust); under-reporting concentrated in sexual offences + domestic violence; methodology stable

### 🇹🇭 Thailand

- **Royal Thai Police (สำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาติ)**: `https://www.royalthaipolice.go.th/` — published headline statistics
- **Office of the Judiciary / Office of the Attorney General**: court statistics for triangulation
- **Granularity**: national + regional headlines; **per-province (จังหวัด, 77) inconsistently published; tourist-zone (Phuket, Pattaya, Koh Samui, Krabi) data not publicly available at parcel/district level — verify with local tourist police (1155)**
- **Caveat**: significant under-reporting (cultural reluctance + insurance non-incentive); tourist-zone gaps (transient victim population, language barriers, settlement-out-of-court norm); foreign-victim incidents often handled by Tourist Police separately and not aggregated

### 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic

- **Policía Nacional (PN)**: `https://www.policianacional.gob.do/` — published statistics
- **Procuraduría General de la República**: `https://pgr.gob.do/` — homicide + serious-offence series (most reliable)
- **ONE (Oficina Nacional de Estadística)**: `https://www.one.gob.do/` — Estadísticas de seguridad
- **Granularity**: per-provincia (32) + Distrito Nacional + Santo Domingo provincia; tourist-zone (Punta Cana / Bávaro / Sosúa / Las Terrenas) often aggregated under Higüey or Puerto Plata
- **Caveat**: under-reporting common in petty theft + domestic; homicide series most trustworthy; tourist-zone incident data often suppressed for tourism-marketing reasons

### 🇨🇴 Colombia

- **Policía Nacional de Colombia**: `https://www.policia.gov.co/` — annual + monthly statistics
- **Medicina Legal (Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses)**: `https://www.medicinalegal.gov.co/` — homicide + violent-death series (gold standard, autopsy-anchored)
- **DANE (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística)**: `https://www.dane.gov.co/` — Encuesta de Convivencia y Seguridad Ciudadana (ECSC) victimization survey
- **Granularity**: per-departamento (32) + per-municipio + Bogotá localidades (20)
- **Caveat**: post-conflict regional divergence (Cauca, Norte de Santander, Catatumbo materially higher than Antioquia/Bogotá); Medellín comuna-level data well-published; armed-actor "social cleansing" + extortion under-reported

### 🇺🇾 Uruguay

- **Ministerio del Interior — Observatorio Nacional sobre Violencia y Criminalidad**: `https://www.minterior.gub.uy/observatorio` — primary portal with monthly + annual series
- **INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística)**: `https://www.ine.gub.uy/` — Estadísticas vitales + crime tables
- **Granularity**: per-departamento (19) + Montevideo (per-municipio A-G + per-barrio for some series)
- **Caveat**: methodology stable; small population means absolute numbers volatile in interior departments; Montevideo barrio-level rates differ materially (Casavalle/Cerro vs Pocitos/Carrasco)

### 🇨🇱 Chile

- **Carabineros de Chile**: `https://www.carabineros.cl/` — police statistics
- **INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas)**: `https://www.ine.gob.cl/` — ENUSC (Encuesta Nacional Urbana de Seguridad Ciudadana) victimization survey, published under "Seguridad ciudadana" / "Estadísticas Experimentales — Seguridad Ciudadana"; ENUSC is run jointly with the **Subsecretaría de Prevención del Delito (SPD)**, whose own site (`subprevenciondeldelito.gob.cl`) refuses connections from outside Chile — verify there from a Chilean egress. Note Chile's government namespace is **.gob.cl**, not `.gov.cl` (2026-09-18 verified).
- **PDI (Policía de Investigaciones)**: `https://www.pdichile.cl/` — investigative crime
- **Granularity**: per-región (16) + per-comuna (346) + Santiago Metropolitan Region comuna-level routine
- **Caveat**: ENUSC vs Carabineros gap (victim survey shows ~3-5x higher than recorded); 2019 social unrest + 2022-2024 organized-crime expansion (esp. Tren de Aragua) created series-break in Antofagasta/Iquique/Arica; Las Condes/Vitacura/Lo Barnechea materially lower than national avg

### 🇿🇦 South Africa

- **SAPS (South African Police Service) Crime Stats**: `https://www.saps.gov.za/services/crimestats.php` — quarterly per-station data (≈1,150 police stations)
- **Stats SA Victims of Crime Survey (VOCS)**: `https://www.statssa.gov.za/` — annual victimization survey (essential complement)
- **Institute for Security Studies (ISS)**: `https://issafrica.org/` — secondary analysis + per-station mapping
- **Granularity**: per-province (9) + per-station (1,150) — among the most granular in Africa; per-suburb only for major metros via private aggregators
- **Caveat**: under-reporting significant for sexual offences + assault (VOCS gap); precinct boundaries don't match suburb boundaries (Sandton vs Alexandra share Linden / Sandton stations); "contact crime" categorization changed 2015+; gated-estate vs township within same precinct can differ by orders of magnitude

### 🇬🇪 Georgia

- **Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA / შინაგან საქმეთა სამინისტრო)**: `https://police.ge/` — annual + monthly crime statistics
- **Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)**: `https://www.geostat.ge/en` — criminal justice tables
- **Supreme Court of Georgia**: court statistics
- **Granularity**: per-region (mkhare, 9 + 2 autonomous + Tbilisi) + Tbilisi raioni (districts); rural municipality data published but small absolute numbers
- **Caveat**: post-2003 reform reduced petty corruption + recorded-crime methodology stabilized; under-reporting in domestic violence (cultural); breakaway regions (Abkhazia, South Ossetia) not in MIA series

### 🇮🇩 Indonesia

- **Polri (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia)**: `https://www.polri.go.id/` — national headline statistics; Polda (provincial) sites for per-province
- **BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Statistik Kriminal**: `https://www.bps.go.id/` — annual Statistik Kriminal publication
- **Granularity**: per-provinsi (38) + per-Polda; per-kabupaten/kota (≈514) data inconsistently public — verify with local Polres
- **Caveat**: significant under-reporting (low trust in low-rank police, settlement-out-of-court norm "musyawarah"); tourist-zone (Bali Kuta/Seminyak/Canggu, Lombok Senggigi/Kuta) data not publicly available at parcel/banjar level — verify with local Polsek; Aceh Sharia-court offences separate

### 🇲🇾 Malaysia

- **PDRM (Polis Diraja Malaysia)**: `https://www.rmp.gov.my/` — annual statistics + IGP press releases
- **DOSM (Department of Statistics Malaysia) crime stats**: `https://www.dosm.gov.my/` — Compendium of Social Statistics
- **Royal Malaysia Police Crime Index (Indeks Jenayah)**: 7-category index (murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, vehicle theft, snatch theft)
- **Granularity**: per-state (13 + 3 federal territories) + per-district (daerah polis); KL/Selangor district-level routine; East Malaysia (Sabah/Sarawak) lower granularity
- **Caveat**: "Crime Index" methodology change 2014 + 2020 created series-break; under-reporting in commercial-fraud + domestic; expat-targeted scams (Macau scam, parcel scam) often handled by separate CCID

### 🇻🇳 Vietnam

- **Bộ Công An (Ministry of Public Security)**: `https://bocongan.gov.vn/` — limited public statistics
- **Tổng cục Thống kê (General Statistics Office)**: `https://www.nso.gov.vn/en/homepage/` — annual statistical yearbook (criminal justice chapter)
- **Supreme People's Procuracy (Viện Kiểm sát Nhân dân Tối cao)**: court-side series
- **Granularity**: national headlines + occasional per-province (63); **city/district/ward (phường) level data not publicly available — verify with local public security ward office (Công an phường)**
- **Caveat**: very low transparency; published narratives emphasize stability + low crime; political-context offences excluded from public series; expat-targeted petty theft (HCMC District 1, Hanoi Old Quarter) anecdotally elevated but not publicly quantified

### 🇵🇭 Philippines

- **PNP (Philippine National Police) Crime Statistics**: `https://www.pnp.gov.ph/` — monthly + annual reports; Crime Information Reporting and Analysis System (CIRAS)
- **PSA (Philippine Statistics Authority)**: `https://psa.gov.ph/` — Crime statistics integrated in Statistical Yearbook
- **Granularity**: per-region (17) + per-province (82) + per-city/municipality + Metro Manila per-city + per-barangay (for major cities only)
- **Caveat**: 2016-2022 "war on drugs" period created reporting distortions (extra-judicial killings + drug-related deaths separately tracked, definitions contested); under-reporting in domestic + sexual; Mindanao conflict-zone data partially aggregated; tourist-zone (Boracay, Cebu, Palawan) incidents sometimes routed through DOT separately

### 🇮🇱 Israel

- **Israel Police (משטרת ישראל)**: `https://www.gov.il/he/departments/israel_police` — published statistics + open-data
- **Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS / הלמ"ס)**: `https://www.cbs.gov.il/` — Social Statistics including criminal justice
- **State Attorney + Ministry of Justice**: indictment + conviction series
- **Granularity**: per-district (6) + per-city + Jerusalem/Tel Aviv neighborhood-level via municipal open data
- **Caveat**: West Bank settlements partially in Israeli police series (depending on jurisdiction split with IDF/Civil Administration); East Jerusalem under-reporting (Palestinian residents use parallel mechanisms); 2023+ security situation created series-break + "security incidents" categorized separately from "crime"

### 🇲🇦 Morocco

- **DGSN (Direction Générale de la Sûreté Nationale)**: `https://www.dgsn.gov.ma/` — institutional portal; its published series is مجلة الشرطة (police magazine) only, with no statistical bulletin section as of 2026-09-18. Crime figures: data not publicly available on the DGSN site — verify via DGSN's annual security-record press communication and the **HCP (Haut-Commissariat au Plan, https://www.hcp.ma/)** victimisation surveys. ⚠️ Host is IP-geofenced — expect it to read as dead from non-MA egress.
- **Gendarmerie Royale**: rural areas outside DGSN jurisdiction
- **HCP (Haut-Commissariat au Plan) victimization surveys**: `https://www.hcp.ma/` — periodic enquêtes (most recent 2018-2019)
- **Granularity**: national + per-region (12) headlines; per-prefecture/province inconsistently published; per-arrondissement (Casablanca/Rabat) only via DGSN press
- **Caveat**: under-reporting common (HCP victim survey shows ~3-4x higher than DGSN recorded); tourist-zone (Marrakech medina, Tangier, Essaouira, Agadir) petty-theft + harassment under-reported; methodology not aligned with EU; data not publicly available at parcel/quarter level — verify with local arrondissement DGSN

### 🇪🇬 Egypt

- **CAPMAS (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics) Annual Statistical Yearbook + Criminal Statistics**: `https://www.capmas.gov.eg/` — annual report (criminal justice chapter)
- **Ministry of Interior (وزارة الداخلية)**: `https://moi.gov.eg/` — security communiqués (low public-data granularity)
- **Granularity**: national + governorate-level (27) headlines; **city/district/sheyakha level data not publicly available — verify with local police station (qism al-shorta)**
- **Caveat**: very low transparency; political-context + terrorism-related offences excluded or separately classified; under-reporting significant in sexual harassment (despite 2014 law) + domestic; tourist-zone (Sharm el-Sheikh, Hurghada, Luxor, Aswan) incidents handled by Tourist & Antiquities Police (سياحة وآثار) separately

### 🇸🇬 Singapore

- **Singapore Police Force (SPF) Annual Crime Brief**: `https://www.police.gov.sg/Media-Room/News` — annual + half-yearly crime briefs
- **Singstat (Department of Statistics) Public Order tables**: `https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data` — national crime time-series
- **Granularity**: national + 7 police land divisions (Central / Ang Mo Kio / Bedok / Clementi / Jurong / Woodlands / Tanglin) + Neighbourhood Police Centre (NPC) catchments; SPF "Hot-spot Information" published per NPC for select offences
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime (one of densest crime data globally per CSAR + low under-reporting); methodology stable; cyber-crime/scam categories rapidly evolving (Anti-Scam Centre 2019+); flag transient-population denominator for tourist zones (Orchard / Marina Bay / Sentosa)

### 🇭🇰 Hong Kong

- **Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF / 香港警務處) Crime Statistics**: `https://www.police.gov.hk/ppp_en/09_statistics/csc.html` — quarterly + annual statistics
- **Census & Statistics Department (C&SD / 政府統計處)**: `https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/` — Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics (Justice & Crime chapter)
- **Granularity**: per-region (HK Island / Kowloon East / Kowloon West / New Territories North / New Territories South / Marine) + per-District Council district (18) + per-police-district
- **Caveat**: very high reporting rate (high-trust); methodology stable pre-2020; **Article 23 National Security Law (Mar 2024) categorisation of "national-security offences" separately classified — ordinary crime data unaffected but flag for relocation-decision context**

### 🇰🇷 South Korea

- **Korean National Police Agency (KNPA / 경찰청) Crime Statistics**: `https://www.police.go.kr/` — annual White Paper + monthly statistics
- **KOSIS (Korean Statistical Information Service)**: `https://kosis.kr/eng/` — Crime Statistics tables (national stats office portal)
- **Korean Institute of Criminology (KIC / 한국형사·법무정책연구원)**: `https://www.kicj.re.kr/` — secondary analysis + victimization survey
- **Granularity**: per-province / metropolitan-city (17) + per-police-district (시도경찰청 → 경찰서) + Seoul gu (district, 25) + sub-station (지구대/파출소)
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime; reporting rates high; under-reporting concentrated in sexual offences + domestic violence (despite 2010s reforms); tourist-zone (Myeongdong / Hongdae / Itaewon / Gangnam) flag for transient-victim denominator; methodology stable

### 🇹🇼 Taiwan

- **National Police Agency (NPA / 內政部警政署) Crime Statistics**: `https://www.npa.gov.tw/` — annual statistics + Police Statistical Yearbook
- **Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting & Statistics (DGBAS / 主計總處)**: `https://eng.dgbas.gov.tw/` — Statistical Yearbook (Public Order chapter)
- **Ministry of Justice (MOJ / 法務部)** prosecutorial statistics — court-side triangulation
- **Granularity**: per-municipality (6 special + 16 county/city) + per-police-precinct (分局) + Taipei + New Taipei district-level for capitals
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime; methodology stable; under-reporting in domestic + sexual; cross-Strait political-context offences separately classified; published narratives emphasize "safe city" framing

### 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein

- **Landespolizei (National Police) Memoria di Attività / Tätigkeitsbericht**: `https://www.landespolizei.li/` — annual activity report + crime statistics
- **Statistik Liechtenstein**: `https://www.llv.li/en/national-administration/office-of-statistics` — Crime & Justice statistics
- **Granularity**: national + per-Gemeinde (11 municipalities); small absolute numbers
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime; small population (~40k) means single incidents move per-capita rates; methodology aligned with CH; cross-border CH/AT police cooperation

### 🇲🇴 Macao

- **Corpo de Polícia de Segurança Pública (CSP / 治安警察局)**: `https://www.fsm.gov.mo/psp/` — published statistics + annual report
- **DSEC (Direcção dos Serviços de Estatística e Censos / 統計暨普查局)**: `https://www.dsec.gov.mo/` — Crime & Justice tables
- **Polícia Judiciária (PJ / 司法警察局)**: investigative crime statistics
- **Granularity**: national + parish-level (7 freguesias) + casino-zone (Cotai) often aggregated; DSEC publishes per-category time series
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime; gaming-zone (Cotai/Macao Peninsula) inflates fraud + loan-shark categories; transient-population denominator (~30M+ visitors/yr pre-COVID, recovering) skews tourist-zone rates; under-reporting in domestic; political-context offences post-2020 NSL framework separately classified

### 🇦🇩 Andorra

- **Cos de Policia d'Andorra — Memòria d'Activitat**: `https://www.policia.ad/` — annual activity report + crime statistics
- **Estadística d'Andorra (Departament d'Estadística)**: `https://www.estadistica.ad/` — Justícia i Criminalitat tables
- **Granularity**: national + per-parròquia (7 parishes); small absolute numbers
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime; ski-tourist transient population (winter Dec-Apr + summer Jul-Aug) inflates seasonal rates; small national pop (~85k) means single incidents move per-capita rates; methodology stable

### 🇲🇨 Monaco

- **Direction de la Sûreté Publique (DSP)**: `https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Securite-Justice` — Sûreté Publique pages + published statistics
- **IMSEE (Institut Monégasque de la Statistique et des Études Économiques)**: `https://www.monacostatistics.mc/` — Sécurité & Justice tables
- **Granularity**: national (single police jurisdiction); ward-level (Monaco-Ville / La Condamine / Monte-Carlo / Fontvieille) for select offences
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime; very high police-to-resident ratio (~1 cop per 60 residents — densest globally per DSP); transient-population denominator (~9M visitors/yr) skews tourist-zone rates; under-reporting low (high trust + dense surveillance)

### 🇲🇩 Moldova

- **Inspectoratul General al Poliției (IGP)**: `https://politia.md/` — annual crime statistics + monthly bulletins
- **BNS (Biroul Național de Statistică)**: `https://statistica.gov.md/` — Justiție și Criminalitate tables (national stats office)
- **Procuratura Generală**: `https://procuratura.md/` — prosecutorial statistics for triangulation
- **Granularity**: per-raion (32 districts + Chișinău + Bălți + Comrat ATU Găgăuzia) + Chișinău sectors (5); rural raion data published but small absolute numbers
- **Caveat**: under-reporting common in domestic + sexual; **Transnistria (separatist-administered) NOT in IGP series — separate parallel statistics published by Tiraspol "ministry" but not citable as primary**; emigration sustained since 1990s affects denominator; methodology aligned with EU since candidate status (Jun 2022 → accession negotiations Jun 2024)

### 🇶🇦 Qatar

- **Ministry of Interior — Public Security (وزارة الداخلية — الأمن العام)**: `https://www.moi.gov.qa/` — published annual reports + traffic + crime communiqués
- **NPC (National Planning Council / المجلس الوطني للتخطيط**, Amiri Decision 13 of 2024, successor to the Planning and Statistics Authority): `https://www.npc.qa/` — Annual Crime & Justice Statistics (Crime in Qatar bulletin). ⚠️ `psa.gov.qa` is egress-filtered and its legacy paths 404 on npc.qa — verify the current bulletin address at NPC (2026-09-18).
- **Public Prosecution (النيابة العامة)**: `https://www.pp.gov.qa/` — prosecutorial statistics
- **Granularity**: national + per-municipality (8 baladiyat: Doha / Al Rayyan / Al Wakrah / Al Khor / Umm Salal / Al Daayen / Al Shamal / Al Shahaniya); **Doha + Al Rayyan district-level data not publicly available — verify with local police station (markaz al-shorta)**
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime per public communiqués; transparency limited vs Western peers; published rates emphasize year-on-year decline narrative; expat (88% of population) vs Qatari breakdown rarely disclosed; political-context offences excluded; 2022 World Cup security baseline still used as reference

### 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia

- **Ministry of Interior — Public Security (الأمن العام)**: `https://www.moi.gov.sa/` — annual reports + Tawakkalna app reporting
- **GASTAT (General Authority for Statistics)**: `https://www.stats.gov.sa/` — Statistical Yearbook (Justice & Crime chapter)
- **Public Prosecution (النيابة العامة)**: `https://www.pp.gov.sa/` — prosecutorial statistics
- **Granularity**: national + per-region (13 mintaqat: Riyadh / Makkah / Eastern Province / Madinah / Al Qassim / Asir / Tabuk / Hail / Northern Borders / Jazan / Najran / Al Bahah / Al Jouf); **city/district-level (e.g., Riyadh districts, Jeddah Corniche/Al Hamra) data not publicly available — verify with local police station (markaz)**
- **Caveat**: very low absolute violent crime; Sharia-court offences separately classified; under-reporting in domestic + sexual significant (despite 2018-2021 reforms); expat-targeted incidents in compounds (Aramco/SABIC) often handled internally; political-context + counter-terrorism offences excluded from public series; tourist-zone (Diriyah / Red Sea / NEOM) baseline establishing under Vision 2030

### 🇵🇪 Peru

- **PNP (Policía Nacional del Perú)**: `https://www.gob.pe/pnp` — annual statistics + monthly bulletins; Sistema de Denuncias Policiales (SIDPOL)
- **INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática)**: `https://www.inei.gob.pe/` — Estadísticas de Seguridad Ciudadana + Encuesta Nacional de Programas Presupuestales (ENAPRES) victimization survey
- **Ministerio Público — Fiscalía de la Nación**: `https://www.gob.pe/mpfn` — prosecutorial statistics
- **Granularity**: per-departamento (24 + Constitutional Province of Callao) + per-provincia + per-distrito + Lima Metropolitana per-distrito (43); rural province data published but small absolute numbers
- **Caveat**: under-reporting common (~73% per ENAPRES victim survey 2023); homicide series most reliable; tourist-zone (Cusco / Machu Picchu / Arequipa) inflated by transient denominator; Lima district-level rates differ materially (San Isidro / Miraflores / Barranco vs San Juan de Lurigancho / Comas / Villa El Salvador); state-of-emergency areas (esp. VRAEM coca region) separately tracked

### 🇪🇨 Ecuador

- **PNE (Policía Nacional del Ecuador)**: `https://www.policia.gob.ec/` — institution + operational results + ECU-911 incident dispatch; the site publishes news and "Más Buscados" listings, **not** a statistics archive — for annual/monthly crime series use INEC (next row) and the Ministerio del Interior (`https://www.ministeriodelinterior.gob.ec/`, resolves; not fetched this session) (2026-09-18 verified).
- **INEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos)**: `https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/` — Estadísticas de Seguridad Ciudadana + Encuesta de Victimización
- **Fiscalía General del Estado**: `https://www.fiscalia.gob.ec/` — prosecutorial statistics
- **Granularity**: per-provincia (24) + per-cantón (221) + Quito + Guayaquil + Cuenca district-level
- **Caveat**: **2024 violent-crime peak Guayaquil/Esmeraldas/Manta (homicide rate ~45/100k national, ~80/100k Guayas/Esmeraldas — verify per latest INEC release)**; series-break Jan 2024 (Internal Armed Conflict declaration vs 22 narco-groups); under-reporting common; series before 2017 shows materially lower baseline pre-narco-trafficking expansion; tourist-zone (Galápagos / Mindo / Otavalo) materially safer than coastal Pacific cities

### 🇵🇾 Paraguay

- **Policía Nacional del Paraguay**: `https://www.policianacional.gov.py/` — annual statistics + departmental headquarters bulletins
- **INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística)**: `https://www.ine.gov.py/` — Estadísticas Sociales y Demográficas (Justice & Crime chapter)
- **Ministerio Público — Fiscalía General**: `https://www.ministeriopublico.gov.py/` — prosecutorial statistics
- **Granularity**: per-departamento (17 + Asunción) + per-distrito + Asunción barrio-level for some series
- **Caveat**: under-reporting moderate (settlement-out-of-court norm + Guaraní-language barriers in rural areas); border-zone Ciudad del Este (Triple Frontier with BR + AR) inflated by transit/contraband-economy; Pedro Juan Caballero (BR border) elevated; Asunción + Encarnación rates moderate; small population means absolute numbers volatile in interior departments

### 🇦🇲 Armenia

- **Police of Armenia (ՀՀ Ոստիկանություն)**: `https://www.police.am/` — annual statistics + monthly bulletins
- **ARMSTAT (Statistical Committee of Armenia / Armstatbank)**: `https://www.armstat.am/` — Crime & Justice tables in Statistical Yearbook
- **Prosecutor General's Office (ՀՀ Գլխավոր Դատախազություն)**: `https://www.prosecutor.am/` — prosecutorial statistics
- **Granularity**: per-marz (10 provinces + Yerevan as separate administrative unit) + Yerevan district-level (12 administrative districts)
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime (one of lowest in Caucasus); 2018 Velvet Revolution + 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war + 2023 Azerbaijani offensive on NK created series-breaks; under-reporting in domestic violence (despite 2017 law); IT-sector + diaspora-driven Yerevan demographics differ from rural marzes; ~7M global diaspora overlay structurally affects denominator pattern

### 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan

- **Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azərbaycan Respublikası Daxili İşlər Nazirliyi)**: `https://www.mia.gov.az/` — annual reports + ASAN-integrated reporting
- **SSC (State Statistical Committee / Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi)**: `https://www.stat.gov.az/` — Crime & Justice tables
- **Prosecutor General's Office (Baş Prokurorluq)**: `https://www.genprosecutor.gov.az/` — prosecutorial statistics
- **Granularity**: national + per-rayon (66 districts + 11 cities of republican subordination) + Baku district-level (12 rayons)
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime per public statistics; transparency limited; political-context + post-2020/2023 NK-related offences separately classified; under-reporting in domestic + sexual significant; ASAN Service efficient governance reduces friction for citizen reporting but published rates skew toward administrative completeness vs ground-truth

### 🇹🇳 Tunisia

- **DGSN (Direction Générale de la Sûreté Nationale)**: `https://www.interieur.gov.tn/` — Ministry of Interior portal; annual security communiqués
- **Garde Nationale (Garde Nationale Tunisienne)**: rural areas outside DGSN jurisdiction
- **INS (Institut National de la Statistique)**: `https://www.ins.tn/` — Statistiques Sociales et Démographiques (Justice & Sécurité)
- **Ministère de la Justice**: `https://www.e-justice.tn/` — prosecutorial + court statistics
- **Granularity**: national + per-gouvernorat (24) headlines; per-délégation (264) inconsistently published; per-arrondissement (Tunis city) only via DGSN press releases
- **Caveat**: under-reporting common (HCP-style victim survey not published routinely); tourist-zone (Hammamet / Sousse / Monastir / Djerba) petty-theft + harassment under-reported (post-2015 Sousse + Bardo attacks reshaped published-narrative); 2023+ irregular-migration-route incidents around Sfax materially affect regional rates; methodology not aligned with EU; political-context + counter-terrorism offences separately classified; data not publicly available at parcel/quarter level — verify with local DGSN brigade

### 🇮🇳 India

- **NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau)**: `https://ncrb.gov.in/` — annual Crime in India report (most authoritative); per-state + per-city (53 metropolitan cities ≥1M pop) coverage
- **MHA (Ministry of Home Affairs)**: `https://www.mha.gov.in/` — policy + Inter-State CCTNS (Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems)
- **State Police**: each state has dedicated police force — Mumbai Police `https://mumbaipolice.gov.in/`, Delhi Police `https://www.delhipolice.gov.in/`, Bengaluru City Police `https://bcp.karnataka.gov.in/`, Chennai City Police `https://www.police.tn.gov.in/`, Kolkata Police `https://kolkatapolice.gov.in/`, Hyderabad City Police `https://www.hyderabadpolice.gov.in/`, Pune City Police `https://punepolice.gov.in/`, Gurgaon Police `https://gurgaon.haryanapolice.gov.in/` (Haryana)
- **Granularity**: per-state (28 + 8 UTs) + per-district + 53 metropolitan cities (NCRB Crime in India "Crime in Cities" chapter); per-PS (police-station, ~17,000) data via state portals inconsistent
- **Caveat**: significant under-reporting (NCRB acknowledges; victim-survey data limited — no routine NSO crime survey); methodology stable post-2014; political-context + insurgency offences (J&K, Nagaland, Manipur) separately classified; 2023 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita + Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita replaced IPC + CrPC effective 1 Jul 2024 — categorisation may shift in 2024+ NCRB publications; metro-level rates differ materially (Bengaluru/Pune/Chennai materially lower than Delhi/Lucknow/Patna)

### 🇳🇬 Nigeria

- **NPF (Nigeria Police Force)**: `https://npf.gov.ng/` — annual statistics + state command data; limited public granularity
- **NBS (National Bureau of Statistics)**: `https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/` — Crime Statistics Quarterly Report + Crime Experience and Safety Survey (CESS)
- **MHA (Ministry of Interior)**: `https://interior.gov.ng/`
- **State Commands** (NPF state offices): Lagos State Police `https://www.npf.gov.ng/`, FCT Abuja `https://www.npf.gov.ng/home/zone/7`, Rivers State (Port Harcourt), Kano State; **per-LGA (774) + per-ward data not publicly available — verify with local Divisional Police Office (DPO)**
- **Granularity**: national + per-state (36 + FCT) headlines via NBS; per-LGA inconsistently published; per-ward (8,809) not routine
- **Caveat**: very high dark-figure (CESS 2024 victim survey shows ~3-5x recorded crime); Boko Haram NE (Borno/Yobe/Adamawa) + ISWAP Lake Chad / IPOB-ESN SE / banditry NW (Zamfara/Kaduna/Katsina) / Gulf of Guinea piracy + maritime kidnapping separately tracked under counter-terrorism; Lagos VI/Ikoyi/Lekki materially lower than mainland; published rates emphasize stability narrative; English official + 500+ languages + Pidgin universal affects victim reporting in non-Hausa/Yoruba/Igbo zones

### 🇰🇪 Kenya

- **NPS (National Police Service)**: `https://www.nationalpolice.go.ke/` — annual statistics + DCIO incident reports
- **DCI (Directorate of Criminal Investigations)**: `https://www.dci.go.ke/` — investigative crime statistics + Crime Trend Analysis
- **KNBS (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics)**: `https://www.knbs.or.ke/` — Statistical Abstract Crime chapter + Kenya Population & Housing Census 2019 base
- **Nairobi**: `https://www.nairobi.go.ke/` (county) + Nairobi Metropolitan Services + DCI Nairobi region
- **Mombasa**: Mombasa County `https://mombasa.go.ke/` + Coast Regional Police
- **Granularity**: per-county (47) + per-sub-county (290) + per-ward (1,450) headlines via KNBS; per-station (~1,000+) inconsistently published; Nairobi sub-county (Westlands/Karen/Kilimani/Embakasi/Kibra) varies materially
- **Caveat**: under-reporting common (NPS acknowledges; 2018 victim-survey gap ~2-3x); al-Shabaab cross-border NE Kenya (Garissa/Mandera/Wajir/Lamu) separately tracked under counter-terrorism — affects regional rates materially; 2024 East Africa floods + 2024 Gen-Z protests created reporting series-break; M-PESA mobile money 95%+ adoption reduces cash-crime incentive but enables fintech-fraud; Westlands/Karen/Kilimani/Lavington materially lower than Eastlands (Kibra/Mathare/Mukuru); SGR Mombasa-Nairobi corridor security visible

### 🇯🇴 Jordan

- **PSD (Public Security Directorate / مديرية الأمن العام)**: `https://www.psd.gov.jo/` — annual statistics + Criminal Information Department
- **DOS (Department of Statistics / دائرة الإحصاءات العامة)**: `http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/` — Statistical Yearbook (Justice & Crime chapter)
- **Ministry of Interior**: `https://moi.gov.jo/`
- **Amman**: Greater Amman Municipality `https://www.amman.jo/` + PSD Amman Governorate
- **Granularity**: national + per-governorate (12) + Amman district-level (Western Amman / Eastern Amman / Madaba peripheral); per-locality inconsistently published
- **Caveat**: among LOWEST crime rates in MENA per PSD — Amman safer than most regional capitals; under-reporting in domestic + sexual significant (despite 2017 reforms); Syrian + Palestinian refugee dynamics (~30%+ of population) affect denominator + crime-vector mix in Zarqa/Mafraq/Irbid; political-context + counter-terrorism offences (Salafi-jihadi networks) separately classified; tourist-zone (Petra/Wadi Rum/Dead Sea) very low

### 🇴🇲 Oman

- **ROP (Royal Oman Police / شرطة عمان السلطانية)**: `https://www.rop.gov.om/` — annual statistics + ROP Crime Wing
- **NCSI (National Centre for Statistics and Information)**: `https://www.ncsi.gov.om/` — Statistical Yearbook (Public Order chapter); NCSI Real Estate Activity Bulletin separately for property-context
- **Ministry of Interior**: `https://moi.gov.om/`
- **Muscat**: Muscat Municipality `https://www.mm.gov.om/` + ROP Muscat Governorate
- **Granularity**: national + per-governorate (11 muhafazat) headlines; per-wilaya (61) + per-district (community level) data not publicly available — verify with local ROP station (markaz al-shorta)
- **Caveat**: among LOWEST crime rates in GCC per ROP; very low transparency vs Western peers; published rates emphasize year-on-year decline narrative; Omani + expat (~46%) breakdown rarely disclosed; tribal-customary dispute resolution (Sharia + walaa) handles many incidents informally — official statistics under-count; political-context + 2011 Sohar protest legacy separately classified; Vision 2040 baseline establishing tourism-zone (Muscat / Salalah / Musandam) data

### 🇧🇭 Bahrain

- **Public Security (وزارة الداخلية — الأمن العام)**: `https://www.policemc.gov.bh/` — annual statistics + Ministry of Interior reports
- **iGA (Information & eGovernment Authority)**: `https://www.iga.gov.bh/` — Statistical Abstract (Public Order chapter)
- **MoH Real Estate Registry**: `https://www.moh.gov.bh/` (separate from policing — referenced for property context)
- **Manama**: Capital Governorate Municipal Council + Public Security Manama
- **Granularity**: national + per-governorate (4: Capital / Muharraq / Northern / Southern) + per-municipal-area (12) headlines; per-block / per-village data not publicly available — verify with local police station
- **Caveat**: very low crime per public communiqués (post-2011 Pearl Roundabout protests stabilized); methodology not aligned with EU; under-reporting in domestic + sexual significant; Bahraini + expat (~55%) breakdown rarely disclosed; political-context + 2011-14 unrest legacy + Shi'a-village vs Sunni-government dynamic affects published-narrative selectivity; sectarian incidents in villages (Sitra / Diraz / Bani Jamra) may not appear in city-aggregated stats

### 🇰🇼 Kuwait

- **MOI (Ministry of Interior / وزارة الداخلية الكويتية)**: `https://www.moi.gov.kw/` — annual statistics + General Department of Criminal Investigation
- **CSB (Central Statistical Bureau / الإدارة المركزية للإحصاء)**: `https://www.csb.gov.kw/` — Statistical Abstract; limited Public Order coverage
- **PACI (Public Authority for Civil Information)**: `https://www.paci.gov.kw/` — population denominator data (mandatory civil-ID registry includes nationality + residence)
- **Kuwait City**: Kuwait Municipality `https://www.baladia.gov.kw/` + MOI Capital Governorate
- **Granularity**: national + per-governorate (6: Capital / Hawalli / Farwaniya / Mubarak Al-Kabeer / Ahmadi / Jahra) + Kuwait City district-level inconsistent; per-block / per-area (qit'a) data not publicly available — verify with local police station (markaz)
- **Caveat**: very low absolute crime per public statistics; transparency limited vs Western peers; published rates emphasize stability narrative; Kuwaiti + expat (~70%) breakdown rarely disclosed; bidoon (stateless) population (~100k) under-counted in denominator; political-context + 1990-91 Iraq invasion legacy separately classified; tribal-customary mediation handles many incidents informally; tourist-zone limited (no GCC-style mass tourism)

### 🇱🇧 Lebanon

- **ISF (Internal Security Forces / قوى الأمن الداخلي)**: `https://www.isf.gov.lb/` — annual statistics + ISF Information Branch
- **General Directorate of General Security**: `https://www.general-security.gov.lb/` — immigration + state-security overlap
- **CAS (Central Administration of Statistics / إدارة الإحصاء المركزي)**: `http://www.cas.gov.lb/` — limited Public Order coverage; no routine victim survey
- **Beirut**: Beirut Governorate + ISF Beirut + Beirut Municipality `https://www.beirut.gov.lb/`
- **Granularity**: national + per-governorate (8 muhafazat: Beirut / Mount Lebanon / North Lebanon / Akkar / Beqaa / Baalbek-Hermel / South Lebanon / Nabatieh) + per-district (qada) headlines; per-town/quarter data not publicly available — verify with local ISF station (markaz al-mukhtar)
- **Caveat**: ISF security forces stretched + private security common (compounded by 2019 collapse + 2024 Israel-Hezbollah war); under-reporting significant in all categories; Hezbollah-controlled areas (Dahieh SE Beirut / Bekaa / S Lebanon south of Litani) — statistics partially routed through Hezbollah parallel security apparatus, not in ISF series; **2024 Israel-Hezbollah war Sep-Nov 2024** physical damage + displacement created series-break; sectarian + Syrian-refugee + Palestinian-refugee (Ain al-Hilweh, Burj el-Barajneh, Shatila) camps have parallel security — not in ISF series; Aug 2020 Beirut Port explosion (~218 deaths) reshaped baseline; cybercrime growing (post-USD-collapse fraud)

### 🇲🇺 Mauritius

- **Mauritius Police Force (MPF)**: `https://police.govmu.org/` — annual Crime Statistics report + per-division stats
- **Statistics Mauritius — Crime, Justice & Security**: `https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/` — annual Digest of Crime, Justice and Security Statistics (per district + Rodrigues)
- **Granularity**: national + 9 districts (Port Louis, Plaines Wilhems, Pamplemousses, Rivière du Rempart, Flacq, Grand Port, Savanne, Black River, Moka) + Rodrigues; per-locality data not publicly available — verify with local police station
- **Caveat**: per-Statistics-Mauritius series, larcenies + house-breaking dominate property-crime category (~70%+ of recorded offences); homicide rate among lowest in Africa; tourist-zone (Grand Baie / Flic en Flac / Belle Mare) localised opportunistic theft + occasional villa burglary; **2019 Pereybere/Grand Baie series + 2024 Flic en Flac villa burglaries** flagged in local press — not necessarily reflected in headline series; rural-coastal Black River + Savanne underreport baseline

### 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan

- **General Prosecutor's Office of Kazakhstan / Бас прокуратура / Генеральная прокуратура**: `https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/prokuror?lang=ru` — Unified Register of Pre-Trial Investigations (ЕРДР / БТЖ); the official statistical system for criminal cases
- **Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Records (KPSiSU / Комитет по правовой статистике и специальным учётам)**: `https://qamqor.gov.kz/portal/page/portal/POPageGroup/Services/Pravstat` — public crime-stats portal "Qamqor" (Қамқор) with per-region + per-city breakdowns
- **MIA (Ministry of Internal Affairs / ішкі істер министрлігі / МВД)**: `https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mvd?lang=en` — operational statistics
- **Bureau of National Statistics (BNS)**: `https://www.stat.gov.kz/` — limited demographic + denominator data
- **Granularity**: national + 17 oblasts + 3 cities of republican significance (Almaty / Astana / Shymkent) → 178 rayons + city districts (Almaty 8 districts: Almaly / Bostandyk / Auezov / Medeu / Turksib / Zhetysu / Nauryzbai / Alatau); per-microdistrict (мкр / шағын аудан) data not publicly available
- **Caveat**: pre-2014 figures incomparable (criminal procedure code reform changed registration model — 2015 ЕРДР/БТЖ migration is a series-break); under-reporting historically material in non-violent categories; corruption + administrative-resource cases counted in same series (not just street crime); 2022 January Bloody Тragedy (Қаңтар / Janury 2022) demographic series-break for Almaty + Mangystau; tourist-zone limited (Almaty mountains, Charyn, Burabay)

### 🇨🇻 Cape Verde

- **Polícia Nacional / Polícia Judiciária**: `https://www.pn.gov.cv/` ❌ DEPRECATED — dead on 2026-09-18; verify with the authority named in this row + `https://www.pj.gov.cv/` — annual Relatório de Atividades + per-island operational statistics
- **INE (Instituto Nacional de Estatística)**: `https://ine.cv/` — Anuário Estatístico (Crime/Justice chapter) + RGPH 2021 census denominators
- **Ministério Público / Procuradoria-Geral da República**: `https://www.ministeriopublico.cv` — prosecution statistics
- **Granularity**: national + per-island (Santiago, Sal, Boa Vista, São Vicente, Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Maio, Fogo, Brava) + 22 concelhos; per-locality data not publicly available — verify with local PN command
- **Caveat**: tourist-zone (Sal Espargos / Santa Maria + Boa Vista Sal Rei) elevated opportunistic theft + petty crime; Praia urban (Achada Grande, Brasil, Eugénio Lima) higher relative violent-crime baseline vs island averages; Cidade Velha + interior Santiago lower; gang-violence ("thugs") localised Praia/Mindelo; series-break post-2018 PN reform; no public commune-level dataset

### 🇸🇨 Seychelles

- **Seychelles Police Force**: `https://www.police.gov.sc/` — annual reports + Commissioner of Police statistics
- **NBS (National Bureau of Statistics)**: `https://www.nbs.gov.sc/` — Statistics Bulletin Crime/Justice section
- **Office of the Attorney General**: `https://ago.sc` — prosecution + court statistics
- **Granularity**: national + 26 districts (Mahé 23 + Praslin 2 + La Digue 1) — primary admin unit for crime stats; per-village-area not publicly available
- **Caveat**: small absolute numbers (~100k pop) → high statistical noise; Mahé urban Victoria + Beau Vallon + Anse Etoile higher relative; Praslin + La Digue + outer islands very low absolute; tourism-related opportunistic theft elevated relative to base; **heroin epidemic Mahé** (~5-10% adult-population dependency rate per Health Ministry estimates) is the dominant social-disorder vector — drives property-crime statistics distortion; 2017+ Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) reform

### 🇨🇳 China (Mainland)

- **MPS (Ministry of Public Security / 公安部)**: `https://www.mps.gov.cn/` — annual statistics; province + city-level for select categories; political-stability framing constrains transparency
- **NBS (National Bureau of Statistics / 国家统计局)**: `https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/` — China Statistical Yearbook Public Order chapter
- **SPP (Supreme People's Procuratorate / 最高人民检察院)**: `https://www.spp.gov.cn/` — prosecution statistics
- **SPC (Supreme People's Court / 最高人民法院)** + **CJO Judgments Online (中国裁判文书网)**: `https://wenshu.court.gov.cn/` — public-court-judgments database (filtered post-2021 — coverage reduced)
- **Granularity**: national + 31 provinces / autonomous regions / municipalities + ~333 prefecture-level cities + ~2,800 counties + city districts; per-residential-compound (小区) data not publicly available — verify via local 派出所 (paichusuo / police station)
- **Caveat**: stability-narrative emphasis — published rates structurally low + downward-biased; CJO post-2021 coverage reduction reflects political directive (mass anonymisation + removal of judgments); Tier-1 (Beijing/Shanghai/Shenzhen/Guangzhou) crime baseline lower than Tier-2/3 + western interior; Hukou-system non-locals + migrant workers (~290M flow) over-represented in stats but under-represented in denominator; Xinjiang/Tibet political-security categorisation overlaps with property crime in published series — separate from ordinary crime; **HK SAR + Macao SAR + Taiwan have entirely separate police + statistical systems** (HKPF / PSPM / NPA Taiwan); WeChat-fraud + telecom-fraud growing — Anti-Telecom Fraud Law 2022; cybercrime + financial-fraud series-break post-2017

### 🇯🇲 Jamaica

- **JCF (Jamaica Constabulary Force)**: `https://jcf.gov.jm/` — Statistical Department + per-Division Major Crimes statistics; published weekly + annually
- **STATIN (Statistical Institute of Jamaica)**: `https://statinja.gov.jm/` — Crime/Justice chapter in Statistical Yearbook
- **Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions**: `https://dpp.gov.jm/` — prosecution data
- **Granularity**: national + 19 JCF Divisions (largely overlapping with 14 parishes — Kingston Eastern / Kingston Central / Kingston Western / St Andrew Central / St Andrew North / St Andrew South / St Catherine North / St Catherine South / Clarendon / Manchester / St Elizabeth / Westmoreland / Hanover / St James / Trelawny / St Ann / St Mary / Portland / St Thomas) + per-community/division-area; per-street data not publicly available — verify with local police station
- **Caveat**: **homicide rate elevated** structurally (~50-65 per 100k 2018-2024 — top-decile globally; 2024 ~63/100k, 2025 reduction ~42/100k after States of Emergency declared multiple parishes); concentration in inner-city Kingston (Tivoli Gardens / Mountain View / Hannah Town / Spanish Town) + St James (Montego Bay zones of special operations 2018-) — **tourist-corridor (Negril, Tryall, Round Hill, Ocho Rios resort zone, Falmouth) significantly safer than inner-city averages** (typically 5-10x lower homicide); JCF transparency improving but pre-2017 series methodologically distinct; gang-violence (One Order / Klansman / Spanglers) drives concentrated hot-spots; **Hurricane Melissa Cat 5 28 Oct 2025** displaced + property-crime series-break Westmoreland 2025-2026 expected

### 🇧🇸 The Bahamas

- **RBPF (Royal Bahamas Police Force)**: `https://www.royalbahamaspolice.org/` — annual statistics + per-Division reports + monthly Crime Statistics releases
- **BNSI (Bahamas National Statistical Institute)**: `https://www.bahamas.gov.bs/statistics` — limited public crime tabulation; population denominators
- **Office of the Attorney General**: `https://www.bahamas.gov.bs/` — prosecution data
- **Granularity**: national + 15 RBPF Divisions (New Providence: Cable Beach / Carmichael / Central / East End / Elizabeth Estates / Grove / South Beach / Wulff Road; Family Islands: Grand Bahama East / Grand Bahama West / Abaco / Andros / Eleuthera / Bimini / Long Island / Exuma / Cat Island / San Salvador + others); per-locality data not publicly available
- **Caveat**: small total population (~412k) → small absolute numbers but elevated rate per 100k (~30-40/100k homicide 2020-2024 — top quartile globally, concentrated in inner-city Nassau Over-the-Hill / Bain Town / Grants Town / Pinewood); **Family Islands + private-island enclaves (Lyford Cay, Albany, Old Fort Bay, Ocean Club Estates, Baker's Bay) materially safer** than New Providence averages — gated-community + private-security premium baked into prime RE pricing; tourist-corridor Paradise Island / Atlantis / Cable Beach low-incident — disproportionate police presence; gang-related homicide drives concentration; post-Hurricane-Dorian 2019 Abaco/Grand Bahama displacement series-break

### 🇸🇲 San Marino

- **Gendarmeria della Repubblica di San Marino**: `https://www.gendarmeria.sm/` — operational + crime statistics; annual Relazione attività
- **Ufficio Statistica della Repubblica di San Marino**: `https://www.statistica.sm/` — Bollettino di Statistica Crime/Justice section + Anuario
- **Tribunale Unico**: `https://www.tribunale.sm/` — court + prosecution statistics (single first-instance court for the entire republic)
- **Granularity**: national + 9 castelli (Città di San Marino, Borgo Maggiore, Serravalle, Domagnano, Acquaviva, Faetano, Fiorentino, Chiesanuova, Montegiardino) + Rimini-Riccione corridor cross-border patterns
- **Caveat**: very small absolute numbers (~34k pop) → severe statistical noise + privacy implications; published rates structurally minimal — Italy-overflow petty crime (Rimini-corridor pickpocket / vehicle break-in) most material vector; transit-state crime rare; sectoral-financial / banking fraud (post-2009 banking-secrecy reforms) is material historical series-break; gendarmeria-vs-Polizia Civile-vs-Guardia di Rocca jurisdictional split — three separate statistical streams; Italian-resident-cross-border traveller statistically over-represented vs Sammarinese resident in absolute counts

### 🇧🇧 Barbados

- **Royal Barbados Police Force (RBPF)**: `https://tbps.gov.bb/` — annual report + monthly crime statistics; homicide, assault, burglary, theft, drug, traffic
- **Barbados Statistical Service (BSS)**: `https://stats.gov.bb` — Statistical Abstract crime tables (cross-validation) + per-parish breakdowns
- **Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA)**: regional homicide + injury surveillance
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country profile aggregates (rate-per-100k cross-jurisdiction comparator)
- **Granularity**: 11 parishes (St. Michael / Christ Church / St. James / St. Peter / St. Lucy / St. Andrew / St. Joseph / St. John / St. Philip / St. George / St. Thomas) + Bridgetown municipality + RBPF policing zones
- **Caveat**: 2025 RBPF homicide statistics under reform — gang-feud cycle in Bridgetown south + Bridgetown SE 2024-25 should be tracked; tourist-corridor crime (south coast Christ Church / west-coast St. James + St. Peter) typically property-targeted opportunistic — denominator-mismatch caution (resident pop vs transient pop); rural parishes (St. Andrew / St. Joseph / St. John / St. Lucy) very low crime; Hurricane Beryl 2024 + insurance-claim fraud uptick

### 🇧🇿 Belize

- **Belize Police Department**: `https://www.belizepolice.bz/` — annual report + monthly crime statistics
- **Statistical Institute of Belize (SIB)**: `https://sib.org.bz/` — Statistical Abstract crime/justice section
- **UNODC Caribbean / Central America**: country profile aggregates
- **Caribbean Court of Justice / Belize courts statistics**
- **Granularity**: 6 districts (Belize / Cayo / Corozal / Orange Walk / Stann Creek / Toledo) + San Pedro Town (Ambergris Caye) special-status + ~60 villages-as-locality (where reported)
- **Caveat**: **Belize City carries disproportionate share** of national homicide — known historically high gang-related rate concentrated South Side neighborhoods (Belize District); rural areas (Cayo / Corozal / Orange Walk / interior Toledo / Stann Creek) materially lower; **tourist-corridor (Ambergris Caye / Caye Caulker / Placencia / Cayo expat parcels)** typically property-targeted opportunistic — denominator-mismatch caution; Maya communal-land disputes in Toledo District (CCJ 2015 ruling) carry separate dispute pattern; small absolute numbers (~410k pop) → statistical noise — multi-year trend reading more reliable than single-year point estimate

### 🇰🇾 Cayman Islands

- **Royal Cayman Islands Police Service (RCIPS) — Crime & Traffic Statistics**: `https://www.rcips.ky/crime-statistics` — annual Crime & Traffic Statistics Report (series from 2011; **2025 report released 22 Apr 2026**, 2024 report 14 May 2025) + press-release archive at `https://www.rcips.ky/news`
- **Economics & Statistics Office (ESO)**: `https://www.eso.ky/` — Compendium of Statistics (population denominators + social conditions); no standalone crime time-series, used for per-capita normalisation
- **Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions / Grand Court of the Cayman Islands**: court-side series (Cayman is OUTSIDE the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court — its own Grand Court → Cayman Islands Court of Appeal → JCPC London)
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country-profile rate-per-100k cross-jurisdiction comparator
- **Granularity**: national (three islands: Grand Cayman / Cayman Brac / Little Cayman) + RCIPS reports break out major categories (acquisitive crime, serious violence, traffic); per-district / per-parcel data not publicly available — verify with RCIPS
- **Caveat**: low absolute crime by international standard but **acquisitive + serious-violence crime rose in 2024** (per RCIPS annual report); small resident population (~83–87k) means absolute numbers volatile and single incidents swing per-capita rates; transient tourist + expatriate-worker denominator complicates rate interpretation; data lags (annual reporting cadence)

### 🇧🇲 Bermuda

- **Bermuda Police Service (BPS) — Crime Statistics**: `https://www.bermudapolice.bm/news-data/crime-statistics` (+ archive `https://www.bermudapolice.bm/news-data/crime-statistics`; mirror domains `police.bm` / `bermudapoliceservice.bm`) — annual Official Statistics Report (comparable series from 2000; 2023 report recorded 3,065 total offences — second-lowest since 2000; 2024 report ~3,719 crimes investigated incl. 9 murders per BPS/Royal Gazette)
- **Department of Statistics (Government of Bermuda)**: `https://www.gov.bm/department/statistics` — population denominators + social statistics (no standalone crime portal; used for per-capita normalisation)
- **Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions / Ministry of National Security**: prosecution + policy reporting channel (BPS data routed via Ministry of National Security)
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country-profile rate-per-100k comparator
- **Granularity**: national (single jurisdiction); BPS report breaks out categories (crimes against persons / property / drug / firearms); Hamilton vs parish-level not routinely published — verify with BPS
- **Caveat**: low-to-moderate crime by US comparison; reporting lag (annual); small resident population (~64k) means single incidents move per-capita rates (e.g. seven of nine 2024 murders fell in a six-week window); back-streets of Hamilton at night the main petty-assault setting; no reported gang violence targeting visitors (US OSAC / CountryReports — secondary)

### 🇹🇨 Turks & Caicos Islands

- **Royal Turks and Caicos Islands Police Force (RTCIPF) — Crime Statistics**: `https://www.tcipolice.tc/crime-statistics/` (daily crime reports) + **quarterly** statistics `https://www.tcipolice.tc/quarter-crime-statistics/` + records portal `https://www.tcipolicerecords.tc/` (NOTE: dedicated police domain `tcipolice.tc` — supersedes the generic `gov.tc` reference; verify the dedicated portal is live before relying)
- **Department of Statistics (gov.tc)**: `https://gov.tc/` — census + demographic denominators; **no official residential price index**; population ~46k is an estimate (2012 census recorded 31,458; substantial tourism-sector in-migration since)
- **UK FCDO Travel Advice** + **US State Department / OSAC Crime & Safety Reports** — comparative advisory reference
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country-profile rate-per-100k comparator
- **Granularity**: national + per-island (Providenciales / Grand Turk / North & Middle Caicos / etc.); RTCIPF publishes daily + quarterly category summaries but **limited public parcel-level detail** — TCI does not publish a Western-style searchable crime time series
- **Caveat**: data lags; **specific homicide counts / rates + parcel-level crime data not publicly verified here — verify at RTCIPF (tcipolice.tc) + gov.tc + UK FCDO / US OSAC advisories before relying**; small estimated population → statistical noise; resort-corridor (Grace Bay / Provo) transient-denominator caution

### 🇻🇬 British Virgin Islands

- **Royal Virgin Islands Police Force (RVIPF)**: `https://gov.vg/royal-virgin-islands-police-force` (also `https://gov.vg/royal-virgin-islands-police-force`) — police statistics released via press conference / quarterly briefings (e.g. Q1-2025 serious-assault and robbery figures); **no comprehensive public crime dataset published** — local press (BVI Beacon) reports 4+ years of unmet FOI requests for full statistics
- **Central Statistics Office (Government of the Virgin Islands)**: `https://www.bvi.gov.vg/` — census + population denominators (~31,000 baseline; capital Road Town, Tortola)
- **UK FCDO Travel Advice** + **US State Department / OSAC Crime & Safety Reports** — comparative advisory reference
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country-profile rate-per-100k comparator
- **Granularity**: national; RVIPF releases selected category trends (assaults / robberies / vehicle theft) by press briefing only; **no granular parcel-level crime portal — data not publicly available; verify with RVIPF + UK FCDO / US OSAC**
- **Caveat**: generally low-crime for residents + visitors by Caribbean standards — petty theft + opportunistic property crime are the main day-to-day concerns; **homes left unoccupied off-season** are the operationally meaningful risk for second-home owners (security service + alarm + caretaker standard); **do NOT cite a specific homicide rate without an RVIPF / UNODC primary figure**

### 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts & Nevis

- **Royal St. Christopher and Nevis Police Force (RSCNPF)**: `https://police.kn/` (also `http://www.police.kn/`) — crime statistics released via press releases + Commissioner's annual/quarterly presentations (e.g. 2023: 1,266 crimes vs 1,360 in 2022; 2024: −11% vs 2023; 2025: sharp firearm-homicide decline) — **no searchable parcel-level portal**
- **SKN Statistics Department (Government of St. Kitts and Nevis)**: census + population denominators (~47–48k — smallest sovereign state in the Americas by population); verify current at `https://data.worldbank.org/country/st-kitts-and-nevis`
- **UK FCDO Travel Advice** + **US State Department / OSAC Crime & Safety Reports** — comparative advisory reference
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country-profile rate-per-100k comparator
- **Granularity**: island/town-level only (St. Kitts / Nevis + specific Basseterre districts); **parcel-level data is thin — expect island/town-level granularity only**
- **Caveat**: has in some years recorded a **comparatively high per-capita homicide rate** for its small population (a handful of homicides swings the rate sharply given ~47k people) — gang/drug-related, concentrated in specific Basseterre districts; **tourist + resort areas (Frigate Bay, Christophe Harbour, Nevis) are generally low-risk**; **exact current figures not publicly indexed at parcel level — verify at RSCNPF / UNODC / US OSAC before relying**

### 🇦🇬 Antigua & Barbuda

- **Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda (RPFAB)**: `https://police.gov.ag/` — crime statistics compiled by the **Criminal Records Office**, released via press conferences + official reports (e.g. 2024: 3,602 reported incidents, +5% vs 3,425 in 2023; 2025 YTD: −10.3% over first ten months) — **no searchable parcel-level portal**; policy via Ministry of Public Safety & Labour `https://mpsl.gov.ag/`
- **Statistics Division (Government of Antigua and Barbuda)**: `https://statistics.gov.ag/` — census + population denominators (~94k est.; Barbuda resident pop small ~1,500–1,800 pre-Irma, partial return ongoing)
- **UK FCDO Travel Advice** + **US State Department / OSAC Crime & Safety Reports** — comparative advisory reference
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country-profile rate-per-100k comparator
- **Granularity**: national + Antigua / Barbuda; **per-district / parcel-level crime statistics not publicly available** in a Western-style portal — verify via RPFAB Criminal Records Office + advisories
- **Caveat**: generally **lower-crime than the larger Caribbean states** (JM / TT / BS); the operationally meaningful risk for international owners is **opportunistic property crime + burglary of unoccupied vacation homes**, not violent crime in tourist / expat areas; data lags (press-conference cadence)

### 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia

- **Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (RSLPF)**: official presence via Government of Saint Lucia portal `https://www.govt.lc/ministries/home-affairs-and-national-security/royal-saint-lucia-police-force` (+ `https://homeaffairs.govt.lc/`) — crime statistics released periodically (e.g. Jan–24 Sep 2025: 10,557 cases vs 12,552 in 2024, −16%; Police Central Division highest serious-crime count) — **no dedicated standalone searchable crime portal**
- **Central Statistical Office (Government of Saint Lucia)**: census + population denominators (~175,000 resident pop per RSLPF)
- **UK FCDO Travel Advice** + **US State Department / OSAC Crime & Safety Reports** — comparative advisory reference
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country-profile rate-per-100k comparator
- **Granularity**: national + per-police-division (e.g. Central Division) + 14 police stations; **no reliable parcel-level public crime dataset exists**
- **Caveat**: violent crime concentrated in specific urban districts (**Castries periphery**) rather than the **NW tourist/expat corridor (Rodney Bay / Cap Estate)** which is generally lower-risk; cruise-corridor pickpocketing + scams; **verify current homicide totals + advisories at RSLPF + UK FCDO + US OSAC; do NOT cite a specific homicide rate without a primary check**

### 🇬🇩 Grenada

- **Royal Grenada Police Force (RGPF) — Statistics & Data**: `https://www.rgpf.gd/index.php/about-us/statistics-and-data` (homepage `https://www.rgpf.gd/`) — the RGPF maintains a dedicated **Statistics and Data** section (responds to 15,000+ crimes/incidents per year; 2024: +1.6% reported crimes vs 2023, 74.8% solvency rate) — **the most developed police-stats web presence of the four Eastern Caribbean Associated States here; NOTE the site intermittently returns HTTP 500 — confirm live before relying**
- **Grenada Central Statistical Office (CSO)**: `https://stats.gov.gd/` — census (last 2022) + household denominators (~117,000 pop, near-flat); **no parcel-level residential price index**
- **UK FCDO Travel Advice** + **US State Department / OSAC Crime & Safety Reports** — comparative advisory reference
- **UNODC Caribbean**: country-profile rate-per-100k comparator
- **Granularity**: national + 4 RGPF police divisions; per-parish data via RGPF Statistics section where published; per-parcel not available
- **Caveat**: generally regarded as **one of the safer Eastern Caribbean states**, with violent crime well below the regional high-water marks (JM / TT); small population → absolute numbers volatile; **current homicide-rate figures: verify at RGPF / UNODC — do not assert a rate without a primary check**

### 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka

- **Sri Lanka Police**: `https://www.police.lk/` — Crimes Statistics + annual report by district + Grama Niladhari division (where digitised)
- **Department of Census and Statistics (DCS)**: `https://www.statistics.gov.lk/` — Statistical Abstract crime/justice section + provincial/district profiles
- **Ministry of Justice**: `https://moj.gov.lk/` — court statistics + prison statistics
- **UNODC South Asia**: country profile aggregates
- **Granularity**: 9 Provinces → 25 Districts → 331 Divisional Secretariats → ~14,022 Grama Niladhari divisions (police-precinct cross-walk uneven)
- **Caveat**: post-2022 sovereign-default crisis civil-unrest spike (Aragalaya protest 2022 + economic-distress crime rise 2022-23) — material series break in time-series; Cyclone Ditwah Nov 2025 disaster-window crime patterns (looting / fraud / displacement) require separate handling for the affected districts; **Northern + Eastern Provinces post-civil-war (post-2009) reconciliation context** + military presence affects reporting culture; Colombo-Western Province (Colombo / Gampaha / Kalutara / Kandy / Galle) urban crime patterns vs rural agricultural districts; tourist-corridor (Galle / Mirissa / Hikkaduwa / Bentota / Negombo / Trincomalee / Arugam Bay / Tangalle) typically property-targeted opportunistic; cyclone + flood disaster-window fraud spike 2025-26

### 🇰🇭 Cambodia

- **General Commissariat of National Police**: `https://www.interior.gov.kh/en/` — operational reporting (limited public crime statistics)
- **Ministry of Justice**: `https://www.moj.gov.kh/` — court + prosecution statistics
- **National Institute of Statistics (NIS)**: `https://www.nis.gov.kh/` — General Population Census tables + limited crime aggregates
- **UNODC Southeast Asia / Pacific**: country profile aggregates + transnational organised crime regional reporting
- **Tourism Police of Cambodia**: tourist-zone reporting (Phnom Penh / Siem Reap / Sihanoukville / Kep)
- **Granularity**: 25 provinces (ខេត្ត / khaet) + Phnom Penh capital → districts (ស្រុក / srok) + city sections (ក្រុង / krong) + capital quarters (ខណ្ឌ / khan; PP has 14) → communes (ឃុំ / khum) + sangkats (សង្កាត់) → villages (ភូមិ / phum)
- **Caveat**: **Cambodia crime statistics underpublished** — many series available only via UNODC aggregator or NGO reports (HRW, Amnesty); **Sihanoukville cycle**: 2017-19 Chinese-capital boom → 2020-21 ban-on-online-gambling crash → cyber-scam-compound + organized-crime patterns 2022-26 (Wall Street Journal / OCCRP / Reuters reporting) — tourist-corridor caution; Phnom Penh urban crime patterns vs rural; Siem Reap tourist-corridor opportunistic; **anti-nominee enforcement intensifying 2024-26** — RE-fraud + nominee-disputes increasing in formal court statistics

### 🇲🇻 Maldives

- **Maldives Police Service (MPS)**: `https://www.police.gov.mv/` — annual report + monthly statistics + atoll-level breakdowns
- **Maldives Bureau of Statistics**: `https://census.gov.mv/` — Census 2022 + Statistical Yearbook crime/justice section
- **Prosecutor General's Office**: `https://pgoffice.gov.mv/en` — prosecution statistics
- **UNODC South Asia**: country profile aggregates
- **Granularity**: 26 natural atolls (administratively split into 20 atoll-level constituencies + Malé capital) + ~187 inhabited islands (police presence concentrated Greater Malé + atoll-capital islands)
- **Caveat**: **resort-island crime is reported separately** from inhabited-island crime via Tourism Ministry channels; Greater Malé (Malé / Hulhumalé / Villingili / Hulhulé) holds ~41% of resident pop → urban crime concentration; **gang-related youth crime** in Malé tracked by MPS post-2010 "Gangs of Malé" reporting series; non-Muslim foreign nationals + Sharia overlay on personal-status crime affects reporting culture (alcohol consumed only on resort islands legally; tourist-resort + inhabited-island regimes are essentially separate); small absolute numbers (~515k pop) → statistical noise

### 🇬🇭 Ghana

- **Ghana Police Service (GPS)**: `https://police.gov.gh/` — annual report + Crime Statistics + per-region breakdowns
- **Ghana Statistical Service (GSS)**: `https://statsghana.gov.gh/` — Statistical Abstract crime/justice section + 2021 PHC + 2024 mid-year estimates
- **Judicial Service of Ghana**: `https://www.judicial.gov.gh/` — court statistics
- **UNODC West and Central Africa**: country profile aggregates
- **Granularity**: 16 Regions (post-2018 creation of 6 new regions) → 261 MMDAs (Metropolitan / Municipal / District Assemblies) → police-precinct cross-walk
- **Caveat**: **Greater Accra + Ashanti (Kumasi metro)** carry disproportionate share of urban property crime; **prime Accra (Cantonments / Airport / East Legon / Labone / Ridge / Roman Ridge)** patrolled by private security in addition to GPS — reported crime ≠ actual crime in those neighborhoods; **double-allocation fraud** by stool/skin chiefs is the dominant property-related fraud vector — surfaces via civil litigation more than crime statistics; rural Northern Regions (Northern / Upper East / Upper West / Savannah / North East) lower property crime but seasonal cattle-raid + ethnic-conflict episodes; **galamsey illegal-mining-related violence** in Western / Western North / Eastern / Ashanti (peri-urban Kumasi) — distinct vector

### 🇷🇼 Rwanda

- **Rwanda National Police (RNP)**: `https://www.police.gov.rw/` — annual report + monthly statistics + per-province + per-district
- **National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR)**: `https://www.statistics.gov.rw/` — RPHC-5 (2022) + Statistical Yearbook crime/justice section
- **Ministry of Justice (MINIJUST)**: `https://www.minijust.gov.rw/` — court + prosecution statistics + Abunzi (community mediator) framework reporting
- **UNODC Eastern Africa**: country profile aggregates
- **Rwanda Investigation Bureau (RIB)**: `https://www.rib.gov.rw/` — investigations + cybercrime
- **Granularity**: 5 provinces (Kigali City + Eastern + Northern + Southern + Western) → 30 districts → 416 sectors → 2,148 cells → 14,837 villages (umudugudu) [NISR 2022]
- **Caveat**: Rwanda has **structurally low published crime rates** (one of the lowest in Africa) — independent verification (UNODC + Afrobarometer + Transparency International) supports the underlying low-crime conclusion but **community-court (gacaca, until 2012) + Abunzi mediation** historically diverted minor crime out of formal series — minor disputes underrepresented; **post-1994 genocide reconciliation** context affects historical series; Kigali urban crime patterns (Nyarugenge CBD / Kacyiru / Nyarutarama) vs rural; tourist-corridor (Volcanoes National Park / Akagera / Nyungwe / Lake Kivu) opportunistic-property targeted; **2024 Marburg outbreak + COVID-period restrictions** affected enforcement patterns 2020-22

### 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan

- **Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ichki Ishlar Vazirligi / IIV)**: `https://gov.uz/uz/iiv` — operational + crime statistics; annual report
- **State Statistics Committee (Davlat statistika qoʻmitasi)**: `https://stat.uz/` — Statistical Yearbook crime/justice section + 2025 admin classification
- **General Prosecutor's Office (Bosh prokuratura)**: `https://prokuratura.uz/` — prosecution statistics
- **Supreme Court (Oliy sud)**: `https://stat.sud.uz/` — court statistics
- **UNODC Central Asia**: country profile aggregates
- **Granularity**: 12 viloyats + Republic of Karakalpakstan + Tashkent city = 14 first-level → 175 districts (tumanlar) + city districts → ~1,000 urban-type settlements
- **Caveat**: **Uzbekistan crime statistics historically underpublished pre-2017 Mirziyoyev liberalisation** — post-2017 publishing improved but series-break at 2017 reform; Tashkent urban crime patterns vs Samarkand / Bukhara tourist-corridor (Silk Road historic centres) vs Fergana Valley (Andijan / Namangan / Fergana) higher-density rural; **ethnic-Karakalpak July 2022 unrest in Nukus** (Republic of Karakalpakstan capital) — 21 deaths officially confirmed (HRW); affects series interpretation; agricultural land BANNED for foreigners but cotton-sector forced-labour-monitoring (ILO + Cotton Campaign) historically affected reporting culture in agricultural districts (improved post-2017-22 reforms); border-zone (TJ / KG / KZ / TM / AF) restricted-zone reporting separate

### 🇳🇦 Namibia

- **Namibian Police Force (NAMPOL)** + **Namibia Statistics Agency (NSA)**: `https://nsa.org.na/` — the authoritative crime-statistics bodies; **a clean NAMPOL/NSA annual crime dataset URL was not located this pass — verify directly with NAMPOL / NSA**
- **UK FCDO Travel Advice** + **US State Department / OSAC Crime & Safety Reports** — comparative advisory reference
- **Numbeo** (`https://www.numbeo.com/crime/`): crowdsourced index (Namibia ≈ 63.7 / Windhoek ≈ 67.6, mid-2024) — **directional only; never a verdict basis**
- **Granularity**: national + per-region (Khomas/Windhoek, Erongo/Swakopmund+Walvis Bay, Oshana, Otjozondjupa named in press cuts) — **exact region count not primary-verified this pass; per-station / parcel-level data not located — verify with NAMPOL**
- **Caveat**: figures are **press-reported NAMPOL numbers, not a primary dataset** — festive-season serious-crime surge Nov–Dec 2024/25 reportedly +114% YoY (1,261→2,702 cases; housebreaking & theft 282→623; GBH-assault 258→777; murder 56→28 down) per nbc News Namibia + The Namibian (secondary OF NAMPOL); geographic concentration Khomas/Windhoek ≈32.5%, Oshana ≈11.3%, Otjozondjupa ≈8.3%, Erongo ≈8%; **burglary/housebreaking is the operationally meaningful absentee-owner risk** (armed-response coverage common in Windhoek as in ZA); **cross-border wire/BEC fraud against international buyers rising** (cf. ZA *Hawarden v ENS* precedent) — verify conveyancer trust-account instructions verbally

### 🇧🇼 Botswana

- **Botswana Police Service (BPS)**: `https://www.police.gov.bw/` — annual crime statistics (PDF reports)
- **Statistics Botswana — crime portal**: `https://www.statsbots.org.bw/crime`
- **gov.bw Daily News**: `https://dailynews.gov.bw/` — ministerial crime-statistics announcements
- **Granularity**: national + aggregated annual totals; **per-station / parcel-level detail comparable to most Western statistical offices was not located — re-derive specific figures from the BPS annual statistics PDFs line-by-line**
- **Caveat**: **recorded crime fell 7.8% in 2023** (173,140→159,680, gov-confirmed via Daily News); 2023 sub-category movements as reported by the Minister — burglary −8.5%, house break-ins −2.9%, robbery −8.3%, but **stock theft +18.8%** and **motor-vehicle theft +28%** the standout increases (relevant for rural/peri-urban livestock + vehicle-holding property); **burglary of unoccupied homes is the operationally meaningful absentee-owner risk**; the gov headline is confirmed but sub-category press-snippet percentages should be re-derived from BPS PDFs before treating as final published statistics

### 🇻🇺 Vanuatu

- **Vanuatu Police Force (VPF)** — annual crime statistics; **NOT published as a public parcel-level portal — pull hard numbers fresh from VPF annual statistics**
- **Daily Post**: `https://www.dailypost.vu/` — the practical local-reporting source for crime (secondary, not a forum)
- **US State Department / UK FCDO Travel Advice** — pull current level fresh (historically ~Level 1; verify at `https://travel.state.gov/` + `https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/vanuatu`)
- **Granularity**: national + 6 provinces (Torba / Sanma / Penama / Malampa / Shefa / Tafea) + 2 municipal councils (Port Vila / Luganville); **no primary parcel-level or current annual VPF dataset verified this pass**
- **Caveat**: **crime concentrated in Shefa (Port Vila)** per local reporting ("Shefa Tops Crime Rate", Daily Post — secondary); profile predominantly **petty / opportunistic theft** (bag-snatching, pickpocketing around the Port Vila market / waterfront) with some residential break-ins in expat areas; **violent crime against foreigners is rare** (secondary travel-safety sources); circulating secondary figures ("23 tourist incidents 2025", "break-ins down ~12%") are **data not publicly confirmed — verify at VPF**; **burglary of unoccupied/second homes is the operationally meaningful absentee-owner risk** (caretaker + alarm advisable); wire/BEC fraud a Pacific-wide pattern

### 🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago

- **Trinidad & Tobago Police Service (TTPS)** — statistics + Commissioner of Police public reporting, typically surfaced via **Trinidad Express / Newsday** reporting of official TTPS figures (`https://newsday.co.tt/`)
- **Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago (CBTT)**: `https://www.central-bank.org.tt/` — population/economic context (final appeals go to the **UK Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, NOT the CCJ Appellate Jurisdiction**)
- **Granularity**: national + Trinidad regional corporations / city-borough municipalities + Tobago (governed by the Tobago House of Assembly); **TTPS publishes aggregated totals (via Express/Newsday) but not parcel-level detail — verify with TTPS divisional statistics**
- **Caveat**: **2024 was a record murder year (≈625, range 624–626; homicide rate ≈45.7/100k COMPUTED on the World Bank 1.37M denominator — do NOT mix with the ~1.5M aggregator denominator that yields ~41.7/100k)**; **2025 fell ~42% to 369 murders — lowest since 2014** (Newsday, 2 Jan 2026); crime is **highly localised** (parts of east Port of Spain, Laventille, Beetham, pockets of central/south Trinidad) — **Tobago materially LOWER violent crime; NEVER generalise the national rate to a neighbourhood**; **States of Emergency used in response to gang violence — verify current SoE status before relying**; burglary of unoccupied second homes a target; Caribbean-wide wire/impersonation fraud against international buyers — verify wire instructions verbally

### 🇵🇰 Pakistan

- **Citizens-Police Liaison Committee (CPLC), Karachi**: `https://web.cplc.app/khi_statistic/` — the official statutory crime-statistics body for Sindh (PRIMARY regulated/official)
- **US OSAC**: `https://www.osac.gov/` — Pakistan Country Security Report (primary US-gov security assessment)
- **Pakistan Bureau of Statistics** (`https://www.pbs.gov.pk/`) does **not** publish a granular public crime index; **provincial police (per-province Board-of-Revenue-aligned forces) + CPLC are the data sources**
- **Granularity**: national + 4 provinces (Punjab / Sindh / KP / Balochistan) + ICT + AJK + Gilgit-Baltistan; **CPLC is Karachi/Sindh-specific; no national parcel-level crime portal — verify per province**
- **Caveat**: **Karachi street crime is the dominant urban-property-buyer safety concern** — CPLC recorded **66,530 street-crime incidents Jan–Nov 2024** (CPLC-via-news, primary-via-conduit; citable with conduit caveat); ⚠️ **do NOT conflate with a street-crime death toll** — the circulated "1,503 killed in 2024" is an **all-causes city mortality tally** (road accidents ~773, drug overdoses ~363, suicides ~100, etc.), NOT a CPLC street-crime fatality count (street-crime-specific deaths ≈100+; verify at CPLC); **KP + Balochistan carry materially elevated terrorism/insurgency risk** (TTP in KP, BLA in Balochistan — terrorism counts secondary/directional); the **diaspora property market concentrates in Punjab (Lahore) / Islamabad / urban Karachi** for this reason — check current OSAC + home-country travel advisory before any visit or commitment

## Universal extraction approach

For each country, the workflow:

1. **Get latest year** from the national portal
2. **Look up commune/locality**:
   - National stat portal → search by commune name + administrative code (INSEE / comune ID / kommune ID / etc.)
   - If small commune (< 1,000 inhabitants), often suppressed — use the **next-larger admin unit** (canton / district / okres)
3. **Compute rate**: divide raw count by population × 1,000 (or 100,000 for serious crime)
4. **Compare**:
   - National average from same source
   - Regional average from same source
5. **Trend**: pull last 5 years if available; report direction
6. **Output** per universal template

## Caveats to surface in every report

- **Recorded vs actual**: under-reporting varies by category (sexual offences, minor theft) and country
- **Tourist destinations** often look "high crime" due to denominator (resident pop) vs numerator (transient pop) mismatch
- **Small communes**: absolute numbers are volatile; one bad year skews stats
- **Methodology changes**: 2022-2023 many countries reformed crime classification (esp. FR CSI), making time-series comparisons tricky
- **Reporting culture**: northern Europe high-trust = high reporting; southern Europe lower reporting → apparent stats may be biased downward
- **Crime maps interpretation**: a hex with "5 incidents" in 12 months for a 5,000-pop neighbourhood = essentially low

## Confidence labels

- **HIGH**: National police data + commune-specific + recent (< 12 months)
- **MEDIUM**: Regional/commune data older (12-36 months) or methodology changed in last 2 years
- **LOW**: Only regional data (commune too small to publish); statistical noise; or no data available

## Forbidden hallucinations

- **Never invent absolute numbers** when commune-level is suppressed
- **Never claim "X is dangerous"** without citing data
- **Surface conflicts** (e.g., police statistics show low crime but local forum reports differ) — present both
- **Always include the methodology change footnote** for FR / IT / DE post-2022

## Output bands

🟢 **GREEN** — Total crime rate < 50 % national average
🟡 **YELLOW** — Within 50-110 % national average
🟠 **ORANGE** — 110-200 % national average for one or more categories
🔴 **RED** — > 200 % national average; multiple categories elevated; or known crime hotspot in local press