# Exit โ€” Central Asia > Part of [Exit โ€” universal contract](../exit.md). Cross-region patterns + liquidity heatmap live there. ## ๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ฟ Kazakhstan - **DOM**: Almaty (Bostandyk / Medeu / Almaly central) ~90-180 / Almaty secondary (Auezov / Turksib / Alatau) 150-300 / Astana (Esil / Saryarka / Almaty district) 90-180 (post-2017 capital-relocation maturity) / Shymkent / Karaganda / Aktobe / Aktau Caspian regional 180-365+ [verify with NJSC "Government for Citizens" USREC unified cadastre + eGov.kz] - **Commission**: **3-5% seller-pays typical** (often split or buyer-pays); 12% VAT (ะะ”ะก / าšาšะก) on commission where applicable; informal market beyond major Almaty / Astana brokers - **Contract**: bilateral sale agreement notarized โ†’ USREC (Unified State Real Estate Cadastre โ€” launched 1 July 2023) registration via Government for Citizens / ะฆะžะ public service centers; **foreigners on TRP CANNOT own residential housing** (Law on Legal Status of Foreigners Art. 9 โ€” PRP required); LLP/ะขะžะž workaround common - **MLS**: NO formal MLS; **Krisha.kz + OLX.kz + nedvizhimostpro.kz** dominate; Russian + Kazakh language listings; AIFC English-law option for Astana International Financial Centre participants - **Discount**: 10-20% off asking 2024-2026 (post-2022 Russian-relocant-wave appreciation digestion + KZT volatility cycle); **Investor Visa US$300k 10 May 2025 โ€” real estate not a reported qualifying asset** (secondary guides; verify at MFA KZ) shifts foreign-buyer pool composition (no longer residence-pathway-buyers) - **Sell-side**: residential held >1 year EXEMPT from PIT (Tax Code Art. 331); held โ‰ค1 year taxed at PIT rate (10% flat current; from 1 Jan 2026 progressive 10%/15% above 8,500 MCI under New Tax Code); **non-resident individual sale of KZ-located residential 15% flat** on gross or net (Tax Code Art. 644 + 645) / 20% if non-resident from tax-haven; commission 3-5%; USREC registration fee modest - **Liquidity**: ๐ŸŸข MEDIUM-HIGH Almaty Bostandyk / Medeu / Almaly prime (Russian + IT + AIFC + diaspora demand 2022-2026); ๐ŸŸ  MEDIUM Astana Esil / Saryarka prime; ๐ŸŸ  MEDIUM Almaty secondary; ๐Ÿ”ด LOW Shymkent / Karaganda / Aktobe / Aktau regional; VERY LOW rural; **Almaty HIGH SEISMIC + mudflow + winter PM2.5 smog** dominant physical risk; **2022 January Bloody Tragedy (าšะฐาฃั‚ะฐั€ / Janury)** demographic series-break for Almaty + Mangystau - **Quirks**: **New Tax Code effective 1 Jan 2026** progressive PIT 10/15% + VAT change; **Utility-tariff moratorium ENDED 1 Apr 2026** (MEKS national project, 13T KZT modernization 2025โ€“2029); **agricultural land BANNED for foreigners since May 2021** (Tokayev Law post-2016 protests); **Investor Visa US$300k 10 May 2025 โ€” real estate not a reported qualifying asset (verify at MFA KZ)**; AIFC English-law option (Astana International Financial Centre โ€” common-law island); USREC unified cadastre (1 Jul 2023) merged Real Estate Register + State Land Cadastre; KZT free-float since Aug 2015 โ€” Q1 2026 USDKZT 462-470, NBK refinancing rate 18.0% Apr 2026 (CPI 10.6%); ~20.3M pop / 6-digit postcodes / Kazakh state + Russian inter-ethnic; EAEU member; 17 oblasts + 3 cities of republican significance; 2022 admin reform created Abay/Zhetysu/Ulytau oblasts; **Almaty seismic + mudflow** (Medeu dam 1973 protective barrier) + winter PM2.5 smog (top decile globally) โ€” material foreign-buyer-pool DD constraint ## ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฟ Uzbekistan - **DOM**: Tashkent (Mirzo Ulug'bek / Yashnobod / Yakkasaroy / Mirobod / Sergeli central) ~90-180 / Tashkent secondary (Bektemir / Uchtepa / Olmazor / Yunusobod) 150-300 / Samarkand / Bukhara historic centres (UNESCO + tourism overlay) 120-300 / Namangan / Andijan / Fergana (Fergana Valley higher-density) 180-300 / Khorezm / Surxondaryo / Karakalpakstan regional 300-365+ [verify with Cadastre Agency at kadastr.uz + e-Cadastre national digital register] - **Commission**: **3-5% seller-pays typical** (often split or buyer-pays); informal market beyond major Tashkent brokers; emerging digital-listing transparency post-2022 PQ-384 reform - **Contract**: bilateral sale agreement notarized โ†’ Cadastre Agency e-Cadastre registration (PD UP-60 of 28 Jan 2022 consolidated prior State Committee on Land Resources / GKZGDK); foreigners may freehold **buildings** (apartments / houses / commercial premises) per **Cabinet Resolution PQ-384 of 16 July 2022** (108-country eligibility list โ€” EU/UK/US/CA/AU/NZ/JP/KR + GCC + most Asia โ€” without residence permit); **Land Code Articles 17-18** PROHIBIT foreign land ownership โ€” underlying plot remains state-leased to building (typically held by apartment-owners' association or developer) - **MLS**: NO formal MLS; **OLX.uz + Uybor.uz + Avito.uz (regional) + Norma.uz (legal)** dominate; Russian + Uzbek-Latin parallel listings; agricultural land BANNED for foreigners + Uzbek-citizen-only with specific agricultural-purpose entity restrictions - **Discount**: 5-15% off asking 2024-2026 (post-PQ-384 + post-June-2025-Golden-Visa demand uptick); **Tashkent CBD prime** premium-bid behaviour 2024-26 from Russian-relocant + Turkish + Korean + Indian + Chinese capital flows; secondary regional 15-25% off asking common - **Sell-side**: residential held by individuals: PIT 12% flat on gain (cumulative-with-purchase-cost basis); **non-resident individual sale of UZ-located residential 20% flat** on gross or net; commission 3-5%; e-Cadastre registration fee modest; **2026 +7% land/property/water indexation** (per EY) affects ongoing holding cost - **Liquidity**: ๐ŸŸข MEDIUM-HIGH Tashkent Mirzo Ulug'bek / Yashnobod / Yakkasaroy / Mirobod prime + Tashkent IT Park resident-company demand; ๐ŸŸ  MEDIUM Samarkand + Bukhara UNESCO historic-centre tourism overlay; ๐ŸŸ  MEDIUM Tashkent secondary; ๐Ÿ”ด LOW Namangan / Andijan / Fergana regional; VERY LOW rural; **Republic of Karakalpakstan post-July-2022 unrest** affects series interpretation; agricultural districts low foreign-buyer interest by statute - **Quirks**: **June 2025 Golden Visa launch** (PD UP-67 / PF-67 of 18 Apr 2025, eff. 1 June 2025): USD 250k payment + USD 150k per family member, **no real-estate condition**; property residence is the separate UP-5611 route at USD 300k Tashkent / 200k Samarkand+Bukhara+Namangan+Andijan+Fergana+Khorezm regions / 100k other regions (vs KZ, where real estate is not a reported Investor Visa qualifying asset โ€” verify at MFA KZ) โ€” material foreign-buyer-pool driver 2025-26; **2026 +7% indexation** of land/property/water (per EY); World Bank "Modernization of Real Property Registration and Cadastre Project" (P151746) full digitisation completed 2.5ร— ahead of scope; UZS managed-float (post-Sep 2017 Mirziyoyev liberalisation); CBU policy rate 14.0% unchanged since April 2025 (CPI 7.3% end-2025); ~37.5M pop (largest Central Asia, youngest median age ~28); 12 viloyats + Republic of Karakalpakstan + Tashkent city; 6-digit postcodes; Uzbek-Latin per 2023 Constitution Art. 4 (Latin transition still incomplete) + Russian de facto business + Karakalpak (within Karakalpakstan); **listings + cadastre + tax filings predominantly in Russian** with Uzbek-Latin parallel where state portal compels ## Status Last refreshed: 2026-05-08. Region created in Tier-2 batch (KZ relocated from Caucasus, UZ added).