# Exit — Western Balkans

> Part of [Exit — universal contract](../exit.md). Cross-region patterns + liquidity heatmap live there.

## 🇷🇸 Serbia
- **DOM**: Belgrade ~90-150 / Novi Sad ~100 / national 150-300+ [verify per-transaction]
- **Commission**: BOTH SIDES PAY 2-3% each + 20% VAT
- **MLS**: no; 4zida.rs + Halo Oglasi
- **Sell-side**: CGT 15% on gain (exempt if reinvested in housing within 90 d, or held 10+ yrs)
- **Liquidity**: 🟠 MEDIUM Belgrade Vračar/Stari Grad/Novi Beograd; 🔴 LOW rest

## 🇲🇪 Montenegro
- **DOM**: coastal 60-180 / Podgorica 120-250 / interior 200-365+ [verify]
- **Commission**: seller-pays 3-5% + 21% VAT or split
- **MLS**: no; Nekretnine.me
- **Sell-side**: CGT 15% on gain
- **Liquidity**: 🟠 MEDIUM coast peak season (May-Sep) only; 🔴 LOW off-season; VERY LOW interior
- **Quirks**: Coastal seasonal-only — viewings/transactions concentrate May-Sep; Russian/Ukrainian buyer pool reshaped post-2022

## 🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina
- **DOM**: Sarajevo 120-200 / Banja Luka 150-200 / Mostar 150-250 / rural 300-700+ [verify]
- **Commission**: BOTH SIDES PAY 2-3% each (informal; lighter regulation)
- **MLS**: no; Olx.ba
- **Sell-side**: FBiH ~10% on gain (>5 yrs exempt); RS-entity differs
- **Liquidity**: 🔴 LOW Sarajevo central; VERY LOW rest
- **Quirks**: **Cadastral fragmentation drags transactions** — two entities + Brčko + dual land-book/cadastre legacy; minefield zones near former front lines (check IMSMA database)

## 🇲🇰 North Macedonia
- **DOM**: Skopje 100-180 / Ohrid lakeside 90-200 / rest 200-400+ [verify]
- **Commission**: seller-pays 2-4% or split
- **MLS**: no; Reklama5.mk
- **Sell-side**: CGT 10% on gain (sliding, exempt after 5 yrs primary)
- **Liquidity**: 🔴 LOW Skopje (Centar/Karpoš); VERY LOW rest
- **Quirks**: Cash-driven; rural inheritance fractionalisation severe; diaspora demand episodic

## 🇦🇱 Albania
- **DOM**: Tirana 90-180 / Sarande/Vlorë coast 100-250 / rural 200-500+ [verify]
- **Commission**: BOTH SIDES PAY 2-3% each (informal, often higher; weakly regulated)
- **MLS**: no; MerrJep.com
- **Sell-side**: CGT 15% on gain (since 2024 reform); cadastral fee ~1%
- **Liquidity**: 🔴 LOW Tirana Blloku/Komuna e Parisit; VERY LOW rest
- **Quirks**: **Cadastral issues are the binding constraint** — pre-1991 communist-era ownership chaos + 1990s informal construction (~30-40% of stock in Tirana); ALUIZNI legalisation programme ongoing but slow