# Landmark Cases Index - Verified Citations

## Constitutional Law

### Basic Structure Doctrine
- **Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala**, AIR 1973 SC 1461 (13-judge bench)
- **Minerva Mills v. Union of India**, AIR 1980 SC 1789

### Article 14 - Equality
- **E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu**, AIR 1974 SC 555 (introduced "arbitrariness" test)
- **Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India**, AIR 1978 SC 597 (expanded Article 21)

### Article 21 - Life & Liberty
- **Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India**, AIR 1978 SC 597 (procedure must be fair & reasonable)
- **Francis Coralie Mullin v. UT of Delhi**, AIR 1981 SC 746 (right to live with dignity)
- **Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan**, AIR 1997 SC 3011 (sexual harassment guidelines)

### Judicial Review
- **L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India**, AIR 1997 SC 1125 (tribunal decisions subject to HC writ)

---

## Contract Law

- **Satyabrata Ghose v. Mugneeram Bangur & Co**, AIR 1954 SC 44 (frustration doctrine)
- **Laxmi Engineering Works v. P.S.G. Industrial Institute**, AIR 1995 SC 1428 (consumer definition)

---

## Civil Procedure

- **Salem Advocate Bar Association v. Union of India**, (2005) 6 SCC 344 (Commercial Courts Act validity)
- **Afcons Infrastructure v. Cherian Varkey Construction**, (2010) 8 SCC 24 (pre-institution mediation)

---

## ADR (Arbitration, Mediation)

- **Bharat Aluminium Co. v. Kaiser Aluminium** (BALCO), (2012) 9 SCC 552 (seat-centric arbitration)
- **Vidya Drolia v. Durga Trading Corporation**, (2021) 2 SCC 1 (arbitrability four-fold test)
- **Ssangyong Engineering v. NHAI**, (2019) 15 SCC 131 (patent illegality)
- **Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC v. Future Retail Ltd**, (2020) 2 CompLJ 243 Del (emergency arbitration)

---

## IP Law

- **Novartis AG v. Union of India**, (2013) 6 SCC 1 (Section 3(d) patentability, evergreening)
- **Natco Pharma v. Bayer Corporation**, (2016) 1 CompLJ 80 Pat (compulsory licensing)

---

## Criminal Law

- **State of Maharashtra v. Mohd. Yakub**, AIR 1980 SC 1111 (confession admissibility)
- **Zahira Habibullah Sheikh v. State of Gujarat**, AIR 2006 SC 1367 (witness protection)

---

## Environmental Law

- **M.C. Mehta v. Union of India** (Oleum Gas Leak), AIR 1987 SC 1086 (absolute liability)
- **Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India**, AIR 1996 SC 1446 (polluter pays)

---

## Public Interest Litigation

- **S.P. Gupta v. Union of India**, AIR 1982 SC 149 (locus standi liberalized)
- **Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India**, AIR 1984 SC 802 (bonded labor, epistolary jurisdiction)

---

**Index Version**: 1.0.0
**Last Updated**: 2025-12-05
**Coverage**: 25+ landmark cases with verified citations