Pizza Manufacturing Ontology based on Common-Core Ontology
x designated_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that given some context, y uniquely distinguishes x from other entities.
designated by
x designates y iff x is an instance of an Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of an Entity, such that given some context, x uniquely distinguishes y from other entities.
a URL designates the location of a Web Page on the internet
a vehicle identification number designates some vehicle
designates
A primitive relationship between an Information Content Entity and some Entity.
is about
A primitive relationship between an instance of an Entity and an instance of an Information Content Entity.
is subject of
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
independent continuant
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
spatial region
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
root node
A Temporal Reference System that is designed to organize and identify dates.
Calendars typically organize dates through the use of naming and temporal conventions based on Days, Weeks, Months, and Years.
Calendar System
Rectangular Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System that identifies each point in a spatial region of n-dimensions using an ordered n-tuple of numerical coordinates that are the signed (i.e. positive or negative) distances measured in the same unit of length from the zero point where the fixed perpendicular Coordinate System Axes meet.
Cartesian Coordinate System
A Temporal Reference System that is a statutory time scale as designated by civilian authorities to determine local time(s).
In traditional astronomical usage, civil time is mean solar time as calculated from midnight as the beginning of the Civil Day.
Note that Civil Time Reference System is more accurately represented as a Temporal Reference System that participates in an act of usage that is sanctioned by an appropriate civil authority. As such, it should be represented as a defined class.
Civil Time Reference System
A Temporal Reference System that is a convention for keeping and displaying the Time of Day.
A single Clock Time System does not provide a complete means for identifying or measuring times. Depending on the particular Clock Time System, it may be compatible for use with one or more other Temporal Reference Systems.
Clock Time System
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of financial values.
U.S. Dollar, Euro, Yuan, South African Rand
Measurement Unit of Currency
Descriptive ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions that describe some Entity.
Descriptive Information Content Entity
Designative ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of symbols that denote some Entity.
Designative Information Content Entity
Geographic Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System that is used to determine and identify the location of a point or object at or near the surface of the Earth.
Geospatial Coordinate Reference System
A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Greenwich Mean Time.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London and has been superseded by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Greenwich Mean Time Zone Identifier
ICE
A Generically Dependent Continuant that generically depends on some Information Bearing Entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some Entity.
Information Content Entity is here intended to be a class of Entities whose instances are the informational content of Information Bearing Entities. For example, three instances of information bearers -- such as a bar chart, color-coded map, and a written report -- each of which lists the GDP of Countries for the year 2010 are each different carriers of the same information content. It is this content that is generically dependent upon its carrier. This treatment of Informational Content Entity (cf. the Information Artifact Ontology) leads to a principle of subtyping based upon the relationship that ICE's have with the Entity they are about rather than characteristics such as format, language, measurement scale, or media. The latter are treated here as being Qualities of bearers.
Information Content Entity
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity.
Measurement Unit
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the rate at which objects change their velocities per unit of time.
feet per second per second, kilometers per second per second
Measurement Unit of Acceleration
Measurement Unit of Chemical Amount
Measurement Unit of Enplethy
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the number of a specified type of particle in a portion of matter.
The type of particle quantified is typically either atoms or molecules, but may also be protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, or other particles. The type of particle being measured should always be specified along with the measurement and its unit.
Measurement Unit of Amount of Substance
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the angle between two lines or planes in relation to a vertex.
Measurement Unit of Angle
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of two-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
square feet, square meters, acre, hectare
Measurement Unit of Area
Measurement Unit of Second Area Moment
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the distribution of Mass of an object with respect to an axis.
A measure of an object’s resistance to bending or deflection.
Measurement Unit of Area Moment of Inertia
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the mass of an object per unit of its total volume.
Measurement Unit of Density
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the electromagnetic force between electrically charged entities.
Measurement Unit of Electromagnetic Force
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the Amount of work that is available in an object.
Measurement Unit of Energy
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the rate at which portions of a substance pass per unit of time.
Measurement Unit of Flow
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of interactions in which the Motion or Velocity of an object is changed, unless the interaction is opposed.
Measurement Unit of Force
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the number of times an event repeats per unit of time.
Measurement Unit of Frequency
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the integral of a Force applied to a portion of matter over a temporal interval.
Measurement Unit of Impulse
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of one-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
Measurement Unit of Length
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of an object's resistance to Acceleration when a Force is applied to the object.
Measurement Unit of Mass
A Measurement Unit of Flow used in measurements of the rate at which the Mass of a substance passes per unit time.
kilogram per second, slug per second, pound per second
Measurement Unit of Mass Flow Rate
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the Momentum of a portion of matter that is in Motion.
Measurement Unit of Momentum
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of rates of work.
Measurement Unit of Power
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of Force applied perpendicular to a surface per unit area.
pascal, atmosphere, pound-force per square inch
Measurement Unit of Pressure
Measurement Unit of Moment of Inertia
Measurement Unit of Rotational Mass
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the distribution of Mass of an object with respect to its axis of rotation.
A measure of an object’s resistance to change in its state of rotation.
Measurement Unit of Rotational Inertia
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the level (the loudness) of sounds.
Measurement Unit of Sound Level
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the rates at which objects traverse distance.
miles per hour, kilometers per hour, knot, mach
Measurement Unit of Speed
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the thermal energy in an object.
Measurement Unit of Temperature
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of temporal regions.
Measurement Unit of Time
Measurement Unit of Moment of Force
Measurement Unit of Rotational Force
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the rate of change of angular momentum of an object.
Measurement Unit of Torque
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of sites or three-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
Measurement Unit of Volume
A Measurement Unit of Flow used in measurements of the rate at which volumes of fluid pass per unit time.
cubic metres per second, standard cubic centimeters per minute, cubic feet per second, gallons per minute
Measurement Unit of Volumetric Flow Rate
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of displacements of points to which Forces have been applied.
Measurement Unit of Work
A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Zulu time, which has no offset from Coordinated Universal Time.
Military Time Zone Identifier
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a set of standards for organizing and understanding data of the specified type or domain.
Reference System
A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of an Astronomical Body's Orbit around the Sun.
Unless otherwise specified, a Solar Calendar System is assumed to be relative to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun.
Solar Calendar System
A Temporal Reference System that is based on the position of the Sun in the sky.
Solar Time Reference System
Coordinate System
Spatial Coordinate System
Spatial Reference Frame
A Reference System that describes a set of standards for uniquely identifying the position of an entity or the direction of a vector within a defined spatial region by means of measurements along one or more Coordinate System Axes.
Note that, while reference systems and reference frames are treated as synonyms here, some people treat them as related but separate entities. See: http://www.ggos-portal.org/lang_en/GGOS-Portal/EN/Topics/GeodeticApplications/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames.html
Spatial Reference System
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Spatial Region.
Spatial Region Identifier
Temporal Reference Frame
Time Scale
A Reference System that describes a set of standards for measuring time as well as understanding the context of and organizing temporal data.
Temporal Reference System
A Spatial Region Identifier that designates the region associated with some uniform standard time for legal, commercial, or social purposes.
Standards of date, time, and time zone data formats: ISO/WD 8601-2 (http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/iso-tc154-wg5_n0039_iso_wd_8601-2_2016-02-16.pdf) W3C (https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime)
There is no class 'Time Zone' (the region), only 'Time Zone Identifier' (the designator for some region). Instances of 'Time Zone Identifier' should be related to instances of 'Information Bearing Entity' by means of the object properites 'uses time zone identifier' and 'time zone identifier used by' as appropriate. This is supposed to be analogous to the way we represent the relationship between measurement values and measurement units, where the relevant instance of Information Bearing Entity 'uses measurement unit' some instance of Measurement Unit (i.e., an instance of Information Content Entity).
Time Zone Identifier
A Solar Time Reference System that is based on the average speed of the Earth's rotation and which uses the prime meridian at 0° longitude as a reference point.
Universal Time Reference System
acre
Acre Measurement Unit
Afghanistan Afghani
Albania Lek
Algerian Dinar
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+1
Alpha Time Zone
Angolan Kwanza
Angstrom
Ångström
Angstrom Measurement Unit
Argentine Peso
Armenian Dram
atm
Atmosphere Measurement Unit
Australian Dollar
Azerbaijan Manat
Bangladesh Taka
bar
Bar Measurement Unit
"Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB, from the French Temps-coordonnée barycentrique) is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to orbits of planets, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary spacecraft in the Solar system. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the barycenter of the Solar system: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Solar system but is outside the system's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Sun and the rest of the system." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time)
Barycentric Coordinate Time
TDB is a linear scaling of Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB) and is a relativistic coordinate time scale used in astronomy as a time standard that accounts for time dilation when calculating Orbits and Ephemerides of Astronomical Bodies and interplanetary Spacecraft in the Solar System. TDB is a successor of Ephemeris Time (ET) and is nearly equivalent to the time scale Teph used for DE405 planetary and lunar ephemerides generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Barycentric Dynamical Time
Bayre Measurement Unit
Belarussian Ruble
Bhutan Ngultrum
Binary Radian
Brad
Binary Degree Measurement Unit
Bolivia Boliviano
Bosnia And Herzegovina Convertible Mark
Botswana Pula
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+2
Bravo Time Zone
Brazilian Real
BTU
Btu
British Thermal Unit Measurement Unit
Brunei Dollar
Bulgarian Lev
Burundi Franc
CFA Franc
CFP Franc
cal
Calorie Measurement Unit
Cambodian Riel
Canadian Dollar
Cape Verde Escudo
Centigram Measurement Unit
Centiliter Measurement Unit
Centimeter Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+3
Charlie Time Zone
Chilean Peso
Chinese Renminbi
Colombian Peso
Comoros Franc
UTC is a variant of Universal Time that is calculated by combining Universal Time 1 with International Atomic Time by occasionally adding leap seconds to TAI in order to maintain UTC within 0.9 seconds of UT1. The difference between UTC and UT1 is called DUT1 and always has a value between -0.9 seconds and +0.9 seconds. Coordinated Universal Time is the current basis for civil time and is the reference time for time zones, whose local times are defined based on an offset from UTC.
Coordinated Universal Time
Costa Rica Colon
Croatia Kuna
cm^3
Cubic Centimeter Measurement Unit
dm^3
Cubic Decimeter Measurement Unit
ft^3/s
Cubic Feet Per Second Measurement Unit
ft^3
Cubic Foot Measurement Unit
in^3
Cubic Inch Measurement Unit
m^3
Cubic Meter Measurement Unit
Cubic Meter Per Second Measurement Unit
mm^3
Cubic Millimeter Measurement Unit
yrd^3
Cubic Yard Measurement Unit
Czech Koruna
Danish Krone
Day Measurement Unit
Decibel Measurement Unit
Decigram Measurement Unit
Deciliter Measurement Unit
Decimeter Measurement Unit
Degree Celsius Measurement Unit
Degree Fahrenheit Measurement Unit
Degree Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+4
Delta Time Zone
Democratic Republic Of Congo Franc
Dominican Peso
dyn
Dyne Measurement Unit
dyne s
dyne second
Dyne Second Measurement Unit
Conventional Terrestrial Coordinate System
ECEF
ECR
Earth Centered Earth Fixed
Earth Centered Rotational Coordinate System
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed
Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed
A Geospatial and Cartesian Coordinate System that identifies positions using an x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis coordinate where the zero point is the center of the Earth, the z-Axis extends toward the North Pole but does not always coincide exactly with the Earth's Axis of Rotation, the x-Axis extends through the intersection of the Prime Meridian and the Equator, the y-Axis completes the right-handed system, and all three axes are fixed to the Earth such that they rotate along with the Earth.
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Coordinate System
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+5
Echo Time Zone
Egyptian Pound
ET is an astronomical time scale that was adopted as a standard in 1952 by the IAU but has since been superseded and is no longer actively used. ET is based on the ephemeris second, which was defined as a fraction of the tropical year for 1900 January 01 as calculated using Newcomb's 1895 tables of the Sun. ET was designed to avoid problems caused by variations in Earth's rotational period and was used for Solar System ephemeris calculations until being replaced by Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT) in 1979.
Ephemeris Time
erg
Erg Measurement Unit
Ethiopian Birr
Euro
ft/s
Feet Per Second Measurement Unit
ft/s/s
ft/s^2
Feet Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
Fiji Dollar
Foot Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+6
Foxtrot Time Zone
Greenwich Mean Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+0
GMT
Newfoundland Standard Time
CAT
Central African Time
GMT-1
HST
Hawaii Standard Time
GMT-10
MIT
Midway Islands Time
GMT-11
BET
Brazil Eastern Time
GMT-2
AGT
Argentina Standard Time
GMT-3
PRT
Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands Time
GMT-4
EST
Eastern Standard Time
IET
Indiana Eastern Standard Time
GMT-5
CST
Central Standard Time
GMT-6
MST
Mountain Standard Time
PNT
Phoenix Standard Time
GMT-7
PST
Pacific Standard Time
GMT-8
AST
Alaska Standard Time
GMT-9
Iran Standard Time
Iran Time
Indian Standard Time
Sri Lanka Standard Time
Australian Central Standard Time
ECT
European Central Time
GMT+1
AET
Australia Eastern Time
GMT+10
SST
Solomon Standard Time
GMT+11
NST
New Zealand Standard Time
GMT+12
EET
Eastern European Time
GMT+2
EAT
Eastern African Time
GMT+3
NET
Near East Time
GMT+4
PLT
Pakistan Lahore Time
GMT+5
BST
Bangladesh Standard Time
GMT+6
VST
Vietnam Standard Time
GMT+7
CTT
China Taiwan Time
GMT+8
JST
Japan Standard Time
GMT+9
gal
Gallon Measurement Unit
gal/min
Gallon Per Minute Measurement Unit
Gambian Dalasi
"TCG is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to precession, nutation, the Moon, and artificial satellites of the Earth. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the center of the Earth: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Earth but is outside the Earth's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Earth." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_Coordinate_Time)
Geocentric Coordinate Time
Georgian Lari
Ghana Cedi
GHz
Gigahertz Measurement Unit
Global Area Reference System
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+7
Golf Time Zone
Gon
Grad
Grade
Gradian Measurement Unit
Gram Measurement Unit
g-mol
gram-mole
Gram-Mole Measurement Unit
Gram Per Cubic Centimeter Measurement Unit
g/s
Gram Per Second Measurement Unit
A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years except Years that are evenly divisible by 100 but not 400 such that there are 97 leap Years every 400 Years and the average length of a Gregorian Year is 365.2425 Days (365 Days 5 Hours 49 Minutes 12 Seconds).
The Gregorian Calendar was instituted by Pope Gregory XIII via papal bull on 24 February 1582 as a reform of the Julian Calendar to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the equinoxes and solstices. The Gregorian Calendar is currently the most widely used civil Calendar System in the world and is 13 days ahead of the Julian Calendar Date.
Gregorian Calendar
Guatemala Quetzal
Guinean Franc
Guyana Dollar
Haiti Gourde
cycles per second
Hertz Measurement Unit
Honduras Lempira
HongKong Dollar
Horsepower Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+8
Hotel Time Zone
Hour Measurement Unit
Hungary Forint
Iceland Krona
Inch Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+9
India Time Zone
Indian Rupee
Indonesia Rupiah
TAI is a time standard the values of which are generated by calculating the weighted average of the measurements of more than 400 atomic clocks and is based on the International System of Units (SI) definition of one second equals the time it takes a Cesium-133 atom at the ground state to oscillate exactly 9,192,631,770 times. TAI is extremely precise, but does not perfectly synchronize with Earth times, which is why TAI and UT1 are both used to determine UTC. TAI serves as the main realization of TT.
International Atomic Time
The ITRS definition fulfills the following conditions: 1. It is geocentric, the center of mass being defined for the whole earth, including oceans and atmosphere. 2. The unit of length is the metre (SI). This scale is consistent with the TCG time coordinate for a geocentric local frame, in agreement with IAU and IUGG (1991) resolutions. This is obtained by appropriate relativistic modelling. 3. Its orientation was initially given by the BIH orientation at 1984.0. 4. The time evolution of the orientation is ensured by using a no-net-rotation condition with regards to horizontal tectonic motions over the whole earth. From: (https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Science/ITRS/ITRS.html)
International Terrestrial Reference System
Iranian Rial
Israel Shekel
Jamaican Dollar
Japanese Yen
JPL Ephemeris Time
Teph (the 'eph' is written as subscript) is an ephemeris time argument developed and calculated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and implemented in a series of numerically integrated Development Ephemerides (DE), including the currently used DE405. Teph is characterized as a relativistic coordinate time that is nearly equivalent to the IAU's definition of TCB, though Teph is not currently an IAU time standard. Teph is used by the JPL to generate the ephemerides it publishes to support spacecraft navigation and astronomy.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Ephemeris Time Argument
Joule Measurement Unit
A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years such that the average length of a Julian Year is 365.25 Days.
The Julian Calendar was proposed by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman Calendar, took effect on 1 January 46 BC, and was the predominant Calendar System in Europe until being largely replaced by the Gregorian Calendar.
Julian Calendar
Juliet time is used as an indexical to refer to local time without otherwise specifying the time zone.
Juliet Time Zone
Kazakhstan Tenge
Kelvin Measurement Unit
Kenyan Shilling
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+10
Kilo Time Zone
Kilogram Per Square Centimeter Measurement Unit
Kilopond Per Centimeter Square Measurement Unit
Kilogram Force Per Centimeter Square Measurement Unit
Kilogram Measurement Unit
kg m/s
Kilogram Meter Per Second Measurement Unit
Kilogram Meter Square Measurement Unit
kg-mol
kilogram-mole
Kilogram-Mole Measurement Unit
Kilogram Per Cubic Meter Measurement Unit
Kilogram Per Liter Measurement Unit
Kilogram Per Second Measurement Unit
kHz
Kilohertz Measurement Unit
Kiloliter Measurement Unit
Kilometer Measurement Unit
km/h
Kilometers Per Hour Measurement Unit
km/s
Kilometers Per Second Measurement Unit
km/s/s
Kilometers Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
kilomole
kmol
Kilomole Measurement Unit
Kilonewton Measurement Unit
Kilogram Force Measurement Unit
Kilogram-Force
kgf
Kilopond Measurement Unit
kVA
Kilovolt Ampere Measurement Unit
Knot Measurement Unit
Kuwaiti Dinar
Kyrgyzstan Som
Laos Kip
Lebanese Pound
Lesotho Loti
Liberian Dollar
Libyan Dinar
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+11
Lima Time Zone
Litre
Liter Measurement Unit
l/s
Liter Per Second Measurement Unit
Displacement Ton
Gross Ton
Imperial Ton
Weight Ton
ton (UK)
Long Ton Measurement Unit
Macao Pataca
Macedonian Denar
Mach Measurement Unit
Madagascar Malagasy Ariary
Malawi Kwacha
Malaysia Ringgit
Mauritania Ouguiya
Mauritius Rupee
MHz
Megahertz Measurement Unit
Meter Measurement Unit
m/s
Meters Per Second Measurement Unit
m/s/s
m/s^2
Meters Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
tonne
Metric Ton Measurement Unit
Mexican Peso
Mike Time Zone is the same local time as Yankee Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) ahead of Yankee Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line.
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+12
Mike Time Zone
Mile Measurement Unit
mi/h
mph
Miles Per Hour Measurement Unit
mi/s
Miles Per Second Measurement Unit
mi/s/s
Miles Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
Milliampere Measurement Unit
mbar
Millibar Measurement Unit
Milligram Measurement Unit
Milliliter Measurement Unit
Millimeter Measurement Unit
Minute Measurement Unit
Arcminute
MOA
amin
arcmin
Minute of Arc Measurement Unit
Moldovan Leu
One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×10^23 elementary entities.
Mole Measurement Unit
Mongolia Tugrik
Month Measurement Unit
Morocco Dirham
Mozambique Metical
Myanmar Kyat
Namibia Dollar
Nanometre
Nanometer Measurement Unit
nmi
Nautical Mile Measurement Unit
Nepalese Rupee
New Zealand Dollar
Newton Measurement Unit
Newton Meter Measurement Unit
N s
Newton second
Newton Second Measurement Unit
Ns/kg
Newton Second Per Kilogram Measurement Unit
Nicaragua Cordoba Oro
Nigeria Naira
North Korean Won
Norwegian Krone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-1
November Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-2
Oscar Time Zone
Ounce Measurement Unit
Pakistani Rupee
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-3
Papa Time Zone
Papua New Guinea Kina
Paraguay Guarani
Pascal Measurement Unit
Peru Nuevo Sol
Philippine Peso
phon
Phon Measurement Unit
Pint Measurement Unit
Poland Zloty
Pound Foot Measurement Unit
Pound Foot Second Square Measurement Unit
lbf
Pound Force Measurement Unit
Pound Measurement Unit
lb-mol
lbmol
pound-mole
Pound-Mole Measurement Unit
lb/s
Pound Per Second Measurement Unit
psi
Pounds Per Square Inch Measurement Unit
Quart Measurement Unit
Quartic Meter Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-4
Quebec Time Zone
Radian Measurement Unit
r/day
Revolutions Per Day Measurement Unit
r/min
rpm
Revolutions Per Minute Measurement Unit
Romanian Leu
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-5
Romeo Time Zone
Russian Rouble
Rwanda Franc
Samoa Tala
Sao Tome Principe Dobra
Second Measurement Unit
Arcsecond
arcsec
asec
Second of Arc Measurement Unit
Serbian Dinar
Seychelles Rupee
shp
Shaft Horsepower Measurement Unit
Net Ton
ton (US)
Short Ton Measurement Unit
Sierra Leone Leone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-6
Sierra Time Zone
Singapore Dollar
slug ft/s
Slug Foot Per Second Measurement Unit
slug
Slug Measurement Unit
slug/s
Slug Per Second Measurement Unit
Solomon Island Dollar
sone
Sone Measurement Unit
South Africa Rand
South Korean Won
South Sudanese Pound
cm^2
Square Centimeter Measurement Unit
dm^2
Square Decimeter Measurement Unit
ft^2
Square Foot Measurement Unit
in^2
Square Inch Measurement Unit
km^2
Square Kilometer Measurement Unit
m^2
Square Meter Measurement Unit
mi^2
Square Mile Measurement Unit
mm^2
Square Millimeter Measurement Unit
yd^2
Square Yard Measurement Unit
Sri Lanka Rupee
St Helena Pound
cm^3/min
Standard Cubic Centimeter Per Minute Measurement Unit
Sudanese Pound
Surinamese Dollar
Swaziland Lilangeni
Swedish Krona
Swiss Franc
Syrian Pound
Tablespoon Measurement Unit
Tajikistan Somoni
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-7
Tango Time Zone
Tanzania Shilling
Teaspoon Measurement Unit
THz
Terahertz Measurement Unit
TT is an astronomical time standard that is a theoretical ideal designed to be free of the irregularities in Earth's rotation and is primarily used for time measurements of astronomical observations made from the surface of Earth. It was formerly called Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT), which was formulated to replace Ephemeris Time (ET).
Terrestrial Time
Thai Baht
Tonga Pa anga
Trinidad and Tobago Dollar
Tunisian Dinar
Turkish Lira
Turkmenistan Manat
Cycle
Full Circle
Revolution
Rotation
Turn Measurement Unit
12-Hour Clock
12-Hour Clock Time System
Twelve Hour Clock
Twelve Hour Clock Time System
Twelve-Hour Clock
A Clock Time System for keeping the Time of Day in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into two intervals of 12 Hours each, where: the first interval begins at midnight, ends at noon, and is indicated by the suffix 'a.m.'; the second interval begins at noon, ends at midnight, and is indicated by the suffix 'p.m.'; and the midnight and noon Hours are numbered 12 with subsequent Hours numbered 1-11.
Twelve-Hour Clock Time System
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit
24-Hour Clock
24-Hour Clock Time System
Military Time
Military Time System
Twenty-Four Hour Clock Time System
Twenty-Four-Hour Clock
A Clock Time System for time keeping in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 Hours, indicated by the Hours passed since midnight, from 0 to 23.
Twenty-Four-Hour Clock Time System
Uganda Shilling
Ukraine Hryvnia
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-8
Uniform Time Zone
United Kingdom Pound
United States Dollar
UT0 is a variant of Universal Time that is measured by observing the diurnal motion of stars or extragalactic radio sources at a specific location on Earth. It does not take into consideration distorting factors, in particular polar motion, such that its value will differ based on the location it is measured at.
Universal Time 0
Astronomical Time
UT1 is a derivation of UT0 that takes into account distortions caused by polar motion and is proportional to the rotation angle of the Earth with respect to distant quasars, specifically, the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). UT1 is currently the most widely used variant of Universal Time and has the same value everywhere on Earth.
Universal Time 1
Universal Time 1 A
Universal Time 1 D
Universal Time 1 F
UT1R is a variant of Universal Time that is a smoothed version of UT1 by filtering out periodic variations due to tidal waves.
Universal Time 1 R
UT2 is a variant of Universal Time that smooths UT1 by accounting for both polar motion and variations in Earth's rotation due to seasonal factors, such as changes in vegetation and water or snow distribution.
Universal Time 2
Universal Transverse Mercator Reference System
Unix Time is a Temporal Reference System for describing a point in time, defined as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Thursday, 1 January 1970 minus the number of leap seconds that have taken place since then. (See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time)
Unix Time
Uruguay Peso
Uzbekistan Sum
Vanuatu Vatu
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-9
Victor Time Zone
Viet Nam Dong
Volt Ampere Measurement Unit
Volt Measurement Unit
Watt Measurement Unit
Week Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-10
Whiskey Time Zone
"WGS 84 is an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed terrestrial reference system and geodetic datum. WGS 84 is based on a consistent set of constants and model parameters that describe the Earth's size, shape, and gravity and geomagnetic fields. WGS 84 is the standard U.S. Department of Defense definition of a global reference system for geospatial information and is the reference system for the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is compatible with the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)." From: (http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/2012/template/WGS_84.pdf)
World Geodetic System 1984
World Geographic Reference System
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-11
X-ray Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-12
Yankee Time Zone is the same local time as Mike Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) behind Mike Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line.
Yankee Time Zone
yrd
Yard Measurement Unit
Year Measurement Unit
Yemeni Rial
Zambia Kwacha
Zulu Time Zone