{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" } }, "source": [ "# Overview" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The goal of this tutorial is to provide an overview of the use of the NumPy library. It tries to hit all of the important parts, but it is by no means comprehensive. For more information, try looking at the:\n", "- [Tentative NumPy Tutorial](http://wiki.scipy.org/Tentative_NumPy_Tutorial)\n", "- [NumPy User Guide](http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/)\n", "- [Introduction to NumPy from SAM](http://www.sam.math.ethz.ch/~raoulb/teaching/PythonTutorial/intro_numpy.html)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "source": [ "NumPy is the fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. It contains among other things:\n", "- a powerful N-dimensional array object\n", "- sophisticated (broadcasting) functions\n", "- useful linear algebra, Fourier transform, and random number capabilities\n", "\n", "The NumPy array object is the common interface for working with typed arrays of data across a wide-variety of scientific Python packages. NumPy also features a C-API, which enables interfacing existing Fortran/C/C++ libraries with Python and NumPy." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" } }, "source": [ "# Basic Usage" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "source": [ "The NumPy array represents a *contiguous* block of memory, holding entries of a given type (and hence fixed size). The entries are laid out in memory according to the shape, or list of dimension sizes." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Convention for import to get shortened namespace\n", "import numpy as np" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([1, 2, 3])" ] }, "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# Create a simple array from a list of integers\n", "a = np.array([1, 2, 3])\n", "a" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(3,)" ] }, "execution_count": 3, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# Print out the shape attribute\n", "a.shape" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "dtype('int64')" ] }, "execution_count": 4, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# And now the data type\n", "a.dtype" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([ 1., 2., 3., 4., 5.])" ] }, "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# This time use a list of floats\n", "a = np.array([1., 2., 3., 4., 5.])\n", "a" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 6, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(5,)" ] }, "execution_count": 6, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "a.shape" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 7, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "dtype('float64')" ] }, "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "a.dtype" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "source": [ "NumPy also provides helper functions for generating arrays of data. `arange` for instance creates a range of values." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 8, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[0 1 2 3 4]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "a = np.arange(5)\n", "print(a)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 9, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[1 3 5 7 9]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "a = np.arange(1, 10, 2)\n", "print(a)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "source": [ "`linspace` is similar, but is used to create a linearly spaced array of values." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 10, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[ 5. 7.5 10. 12.5 15. ]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "b = np.linspace(5, 15, 5)\n", "print(b)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "source": [ "NumPy also provides simple ways of performing mathematical operations. For instance, in core Python, you can do:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 11, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[6.0, 10.5, 15.0, 19.5, 24.0]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print([x + y for x,y in zip(a,b)])" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "source": [ "Using NumPy this becomes:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([ 6. , 10.5, 15. , 19.5, 24. ])" ] }, "execution_count": 12, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "a + b" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([ 5. , 22.5, 50. , 87.5, 135. ])" ] }, "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "a * b" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "source": [ "NumPy also provides mathematical functions that operate on arrays:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 14, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([ 0. , 0.78539816, 1.57079633, 2.35619449, 3.14159265,\n", " 3.92699082, 4.71238898, 5.49778714])" ] }, "execution_count": 14, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "t = np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, np.pi / 4)\n", "t" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 15, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([ 0.00000000e+00, 7.07106781e-01, 1.00000000e+00,\n", " 7.07106781e-01, 1.22464680e-16, -7.07106781e-01,\n", " -1.00000000e+00, -7.07106781e-01])" ] }, "execution_count": 15, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "np.sin(t)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" } }, "source": [ "# Basic Plotting" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "source": [ "Matplotlib is a python 2D plotting library which produces publication quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 16, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Set-up to have matplotlib use its IPython notebook backend\n", "%matplotlib notebook\n", "\n", "# Useful import to have around\n", "from IPython.display import display" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 17, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Convention for import of the pyplot interface\n", "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 18, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "subslide" } }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Create some example data\n", "x = np.linspace(0, 2, 100)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 19, "metadata": { "collapsed": false, "slideshow": { "slide_type": "fragment" } }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "application/javascript": [ "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n", "window.mpl = {};\n", "\n", "mpl.get_websocket_type = function() {\n", " if (typeof(WebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n", " return WebSocket;\n", " } else if (typeof(MozWebSocket) !== 'undefined') {\n", " return MozWebSocket;\n", " } else {\n", " alert('Your browser does not have WebSocket support.' +\n", " 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n", " 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n", " 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.');\n", " };\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure = function(figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n", " this.id = figure_id;\n", "\n", " this.ws = websocket;\n", "\n", " this.supports_binary = (this.ws.binaryType != undefined);\n", "\n", " if (!this.supports_binary) {\n", " var warnings = document.getElementById(\"mpl-warnings\");\n", " if (warnings) {\n", " warnings.style.display = 'block';\n", " warnings.textContent = (\n", " \"This browser does not support binary websocket messages. \" +\n", " \"Performance may be slow.\");\n", " }\n", " }\n", "\n", " this.imageObj = new Image();\n", "\n", " this.context = undefined;\n", " this.message = undefined;\n", " this.canvas = undefined;\n", " this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n", " this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n", " this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n", "\n", " this.image_mode = 'full';\n", "\n", " this.root = $('
');\n", " this._root_extra_style(this.root)\n", " this.root.attr('style', 'display: inline-block');\n", "\n", " $(parent_element).append(this.root);\n", "\n", " this._init_header(this);\n", " this._init_canvas(this);\n", " this._init_toolbar(this);\n", "\n", " var fig = this;\n", "\n", " this.waiting = false;\n", "\n", " this.ws.onopen = function () {\n", " fig.send_message(\"supports_binary\", {value: fig.supports_binary});\n", " fig.send_message(\"send_image_mode\", {});\n", " fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n", " }\n", "\n", " this.imageObj.onload = function() {\n", " if (fig.image_mode == 'full') {\n", " // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n", " // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n", " // there is no ghosting.\n", " fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n", " }\n", " fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n", " fig.waiting = false;\n", " };\n", "\n", " this.imageObj.onunload = function() {\n", " this.ws.close();\n", " }\n", "\n", " this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n", "\n", " this.ondownload = ondownload;\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function() {\n", " var titlebar = $(\n", " '');\n", " var titletext = $(\n", " '');\n", " titlebar.append(titletext)\n", " this.root.append(titlebar);\n", " this.header = titletext[0];\n", "}\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n", "\n", "}\n", "\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function(canvas_div) {\n", "\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function() {\n", " var fig = this;\n", "\n", " var canvas_div = $('');\n", "\n", " canvas_div.attr('style', 'position: relative; clear: both; outline: 0');\n", "\n", " function canvas_keyboard_event(event) {\n", " return fig.key_event(event, event['data']);\n", " }\n", "\n", " canvas_div.keydown('key_press', canvas_keyboard_event);\n", " canvas_div.keyup('key_release', canvas_keyboard_event);\n", " this.canvas_div = canvas_div\n", " this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div)\n", " this.root.append(canvas_div);\n", "\n", " var canvas = $('');\n", " canvas.addClass('mpl-canvas');\n", " canvas.attr('style', \"left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; outline: 0\")\n", "\n", " this.canvas = canvas[0];\n", " this.context = canvas[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n", "\n", " var rubberband = $('');\n", " rubberband.attr('style', \"position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1;\")\n", "\n", " var pass_mouse_events = true;\n", "\n", " canvas_div.resizable({\n", " start: function(event, ui) {\n", " pass_mouse_events = false;\n", " },\n", " resize: function(event, ui) {\n", " fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n", " },\n", " stop: function(event, ui) {\n", " pass_mouse_events = true;\n", " fig.request_resize(ui.size.width, ui.size.height);\n", " },\n", " });\n", "\n", " function mouse_event_fn(event) {\n", " if (pass_mouse_events)\n", " return fig.mouse_event(event, event['data']);\n", " }\n", "\n", " rubberband.mousedown('button_press', mouse_event_fn);\n", " rubberband.mouseup('button_release', mouse_event_fn);\n", " // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n", " rubberband.mousemove('motion_notify', mouse_event_fn);\n", "\n", " rubberband.mouseenter('figure_enter', mouse_event_fn);\n", " rubberband.mouseleave('figure_leave', mouse_event_fn);\n", "\n", " canvas_div.on(\"wheel\", function (event) {\n", " event = event.originalEvent;\n", " event['data'] = 'scroll'\n", " if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n", " event.step = 1;\n", " } else {\n", " event.step = -1;\n", " }\n", " mouse_event_fn(event);\n", " });\n", "\n", " canvas_div.append(canvas);\n", " canvas_div.append(rubberband);\n", "\n", " this.rubberband = rubberband;\n", " this.rubberband_canvas = rubberband[0];\n", " this.rubberband_context = rubberband[0].getContext(\"2d\");\n", " this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = \"#000000\";\n", "\n", " this._resize_canvas = function(width, height) {\n", " // Keep the size of the canvas, canvas container, and rubber band\n", " // canvas in synch.\n", " canvas_div.css('width', width)\n", " canvas_div.css('height', height)\n", "\n", " canvas.attr('width', width);\n", " canvas.attr('height', height);\n", "\n", " rubberband.attr('width', width);\n", " rubberband.attr('height', height);\n", " }\n", "\n", " // Set the figure to an initial 600x600px, this will subsequently be updated\n", " // upon first draw.\n", " this._resize_canvas(600, 600);\n", "\n", " // Disable right mouse context menu.\n", " $(this.rubberband_canvas).bind(\"contextmenu\",function(e){\n", " return false;\n", " });\n", "\n", " function set_focus () {\n", " canvas.focus();\n", " canvas_div.focus();\n", " }\n", "\n", " window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function() {\n", " var fig = this;\n", "\n", " var nav_element = $('')\n", " nav_element.attr('style', 'width: 100%');\n", " this.root.append(nav_element);\n", "\n", " // Define a callback function for later on.\n", " function toolbar_event(event) {\n", " return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(event['data']);\n", " }\n", " function toolbar_mouse_event(event) {\n", " return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(event['data']);\n", " }\n", "\n", " for(var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n", " var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n", " var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n", " var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n", " var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n", "\n", " if (!name) {\n", " // put a spacer in here.\n", " continue;\n", " }\n", " var button = $('');\n", " button.addClass('ui-button ui-widget ui-state-default ui-corner-all ' +\n", " 'ui-button-icon-only');\n", " button.attr('role', 'button');\n", " button.attr('aria-disabled', 'false');\n", " button.click(method_name, toolbar_event);\n", " button.mouseover(tooltip, toolbar_mouse_event);\n", "\n", " var icon_img = $('');\n", " icon_img.addClass('ui-button-icon-primary ui-icon');\n", " icon_img.addClass(image);\n", " icon_img.addClass('ui-corner-all');\n", "\n", " var tooltip_span = $('');\n", " tooltip_span.addClass('ui-button-text');\n", " tooltip_span.html(tooltip);\n", "\n", " button.append(icon_img);\n", " button.append(tooltip_span);\n", "\n", " nav_element.append(button);\n", " }\n", "\n", " var fmt_picker_span = $('');\n", "\n", " var fmt_picker = $('');\n", " fmt_picker.addClass('mpl-toolbar-option ui-widget ui-widget-content');\n", " fmt_picker_span.append(fmt_picker);\n", " nav_element.append(fmt_picker_span);\n", " this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker[0];\n", "\n", " for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n", " var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n", " var option = $(\n", " '', {selected: fmt === mpl.default_extension}).html(fmt);\n", " fmt_picker.append(option)\n", " }\n", "\n", " // Add hover states to the ui-buttons\n", " $( \".ui-button\" ).hover(\n", " function() { $(this).addClass(\"ui-state-hover\");},\n", " function() { $(this).removeClass(\"ui-state-hover\");}\n", " );\n", "\n", " var status_bar = $('');\n", " nav_element.append(status_bar);\n", " this.message = status_bar[0];\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function(x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n", " // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n", " // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n", " this.send_message('resize', {'width': x_pixels, 'height': y_pixels});\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function(type, properties) {\n", " properties['type'] = type;\n", " properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n", " this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function() {\n", " if (!this.waiting) {\n", " this.waiting = true;\n", " this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({type: \"draw\", figure_id: this.id}));\n", " }\n", "}\n", "\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function(fig, msg) {\n", " var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n", " var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n", " fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n", "}\n", "\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function(fig, msg) {\n", " var size = msg['size'];\n", " if (size[0] != fig.canvas.width || size[1] != fig.canvas.height) {\n", " fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1]);\n", " fig.send_message(\"refresh\", {});\n", " };\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function(fig, msg) {\n", " var x0 = msg['x0'];\n", " var y0 = fig.canvas.height - msg['y0'];\n", " var x1 = msg['x1'];\n", " var y1 = fig.canvas.height - msg['y1'];\n", " x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n", " y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n", " x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n", " y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n", " var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n", " var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n", " var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n", " var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n", "\n", " fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n", " 0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n", "\n", " fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function(fig, msg) {\n", " // Updates the figure title.\n", " fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function(fig, msg) {\n", " var cursor = msg['cursor'];\n", " switch(cursor)\n", " {\n", " case 0:\n", " cursor = 'pointer';\n", " break;\n", " case 1:\n", " cursor = 'default';\n", " break;\n", " case 2:\n", " cursor = 'crosshair';\n", " break;\n", " case 3:\n", " cursor = 'move';\n", " break;\n", " }\n", " fig.rubberband_canvas.style.cursor = cursor;\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function(fig, msg) {\n", " fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function(fig, msg) {\n", " // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n", " fig.send_draw_message();\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function(fig, msg) {\n", " fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function() {\n", " // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n", " this.send_message(\"ack\", {});\n", "}\n", "\n", "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n", "// Called in the figure constructor.\n", "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function(fig) {\n", " return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n", " if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n", " /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n", " * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n", " * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n", " * to be part of the websocket stream */\n", " evt.data.type = \"image/png\";\n", "\n", " /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n", " if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n", " (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n", " fig.imageObj.src);\n", " }\n", "\n", " fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n", " evt.data);\n", " fig.updated_canvas_event();\n", " return;\n", " }\n", " else if (typeof evt.data === 'string' && evt.data.slice(0, 21) == \"data:image/png;base64\") {\n", " fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n", " fig.updated_canvas_event();\n", " return;\n", " }\n", "\n", " var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n", " var msg_type = msg['type'];\n", "\n", " // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n", " // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n", " try {\n", " var callback = fig[\"handle_\" + msg_type];\n", " } catch (e) {\n", " console.log(\"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \", msg);\n", " return;\n", " }\n", "\n", " if (callback) {\n", " try {\n", " // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n", " callback(fig, msg);\n", " } catch (e) {\n", " console.log(\"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\", e, e.stack, msg);\n", " }\n", " }\n", " };\n", "}\n", "\n", "// from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1114465/getting-mouse-location-in-canvas\n", "mpl.findpos = function(e) {\n", " //this section is from http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_properties.html\n", " var targ;\n", " if (!e)\n", " e = window.event;\n", " if (e.target)\n", " targ = e.target;\n", " else if (e.srcElement)\n", " targ = e.srcElement;\n", " if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug\n", " targ = targ.parentNode;\n", "\n", " // jQuery normalizes the pageX and pageY\n", " // pageX,Y are the mouse positions relative to the document\n", " // offset() returns the position of the element relative to the document\n", " var x = e.pageX - $(targ).offset().left;\n", " var y = e.pageY - $(targ).offset().top;\n", "\n", " return {\"x\": x, \"y\": y};\n", "};\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function(event, name) {\n", " var canvas_pos = mpl.findpos(event)\n", "\n", " if (name === 'button_press')\n", " {\n", " this.canvas.focus();\n", " this.canvas_div.focus();\n", " }\n", "\n", " var x = canvas_pos.x;\n", " var y = canvas_pos.y;\n", "\n", " this.send_message(name, {x: x, y: y, button: event.button,\n", " step: event.step});\n", "\n", " /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n", " * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We want\n", " * to control all of the cursor setting manually through the\n", " * 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n", " event.preventDefault();\n", " return false;\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function(event, name) {\n", " // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function(event, name) {\n", "\n", " // Prevent repeat events\n", " if (name == 'key_press')\n", " {\n", " if (event.which === this._key)\n", " return;\n", " else\n", " this._key = event.which;\n", " }\n", " if (name == 'key_release')\n", " this._key = null;\n", "\n", " var value = '';\n", " if (event.ctrlKey && event.which != 17)\n", " value += \"ctrl+\";\n", " if (event.altKey && event.which != 18)\n", " value += \"alt+\";\n", " if (event.shiftKey && event.which != 16)\n", " value += \"shift+\";\n", "\n", " value += 'k';\n", " value += event.which.toString();\n", "\n", " this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n", "\n", " this.send_message(name, {key: value});\n", " return false;\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function(name) {\n", " if (name == 'download') {\n", " this.handle_save(this, null);\n", " } else {\n", " this.send_message(\"toolbar_button\", {name: name});\n", " }\n", "};\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function(tooltip) {\n", " this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n", "};\n", "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home icon-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left icon-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right icon-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right\", \"fa fa-arrows icon-move\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\", \"fa fa-square-o icon-check-empty\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o icon-save\", \"download\"]];\n", "\n", "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\"];\n", "\n", "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";var comm_websocket_adapter = function(comm) {\n", " // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n", " // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n", " // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n", " var ws = {};\n", "\n", " ws.close = function() {\n", " comm.close()\n", " };\n", " ws.send = function(m) {\n", " //console.log('sending', m);\n", " comm.send(m);\n", " };\n", " // Register the callback with on_msg.\n", " comm.on_msg(function(msg) {\n", " //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n", " // Pass the mpl event to the overriden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n", " ws.onmessage(msg['content']['data'])\n", " });\n", " return ws;\n", "}\n", "\n", "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function(comm, msg) {\n", " // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n", " // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n", "\n", " var id = msg.content.data.id;\n", " // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n", " // socket was opened in Python.\n", " var element = $(\"#\" + id);\n", " var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm)\n", "\n", " function ondownload(figure, format) {\n", " window.open(figure.imageObj.src);\n", " }\n", "\n", " var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy,\n", " ondownload,\n", " element.get(0));\n", "\n", " // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n", " // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n", " ws_proxy.onopen();\n", "\n", " fig.parent_element = element.get(0);\n", " fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"\");\n", " if (!fig.cell_info) {\n", " console.error(\"Failed to find cell for figure\", id, fig);\n", " return;\n", " }\n", "\n", " var output_index = fig.cell_info[2]\n", " var cell = fig.cell_info[0];\n", "\n", "};\n", "\n", "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function(fig, msg) {\n", " // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n", " fig.push_to_output();\n", " var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n", " // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n", " // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n", " IPython.keyboard_manager.enable()\n", " $(fig.parent_element).html('