The vaccination informed consent Ontology (VICO) is an ontology in the domain of vaccination/immunization informed consent.
Arbor version; 1.0.52
BFO OWL specification label
Really of interest to developers only
Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
BFO CLIF specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
PERSON:Daniel Schober
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
example of usage
A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not
example
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
definition editor
term editor
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.
Name of editor entering the definition in the file. The definition editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The definition editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
alternative term
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
definition source
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
curator note
An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
elucidation
Person:Barry Smith
Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms
person:Alan Ruttenberg
has associated axiom(nl)
An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
has associated axiom(fol)
An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax
term_mapping_to_UMLS
term_mapping_to_NCIT
term_mapping_to_HL7v3
has_specified_input
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
see is_input_of example_of_usage
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
ISA alternative term
ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org)
An alternative term used by the ISA tools project (http://isa-tools.org).
organism NCBITaxon ID
The NCBITaxon ontology ID of an organism.
temporal interpretation
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
logical macro assertion
An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL.
logical macro assertion on a property
A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property
logical macro assertion on an object property
A metadata relation between a class and its taxonomic rank (eg species, family)
Creator
Source
part of
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Parthood as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception. This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions. For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t. Parthood as a relation between classes: To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
part_of
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
has part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has_part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
inheres in at all times
BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'inheres in at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'inheres in@en(x,y,t)'.
(iff (inheresInAt a b t) (and (DependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [051-002]
BFO 2 Reference: Inherence is a subrelation of s-depends_on which holds between a dependent continuant and an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. Since dependent continuants cannot migrate from one independent continuant bearer to another, it follows that if b s-depends_on independent continuant c at some time, then b s-depends_on c at all times at which a exists. Inherence is in this sense redundantly time-indexed.For example, consider the particular instance of openness inhering in my mouth at t as I prepare to take a bite out of a donut, followed by a closedness at t+1 when I bite the donut and start chewing. The openness instance is then shortlived, and to say that it s-depends_on my mouth at all times at which this openness exists, means: at all times during this short life. Every time you make a fist, you make a new (instance of the universal) fist. (Every time your hand has the fist-shaped quality, there is created a new instance of the universal fist-shaped quality.)
b inheres_in c at t =Def. b is a dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [051-002])
bearer of at some time
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'bearer of@en'(x,y,t)
(iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004]
b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])
realized in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
(forall (x y z t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (Process y) (realizesAt y x t) (bearerOfAt z x t)) (hasParticipantAt y z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [106-002]
if a realizable entity b is realized in a process p, then p stands in the has_participant relation to the bearer of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [106-002])
is realized by
realized_in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
realizes
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
(forall (x y t) (if (realizesAt x y t) (and (Process x) (or (Disposition y) (Role y)) (exists (z) (and (MaterialEntity z) (hasParticipantAt x z t) (bearerOfAt z y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [059-003]
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
participates in
participates in at some time
[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant
[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: process
[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
[copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])
participates_in
has participant
has participant at some time
(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003]
(forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001]
(forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001]
(forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001]
(forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003]
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t)
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant
has_participant
has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])
if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])
if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])
if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])
if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001])
if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])
concretized by at some time
[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head.
[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer
[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])
[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head
[copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'concretizes@en'(x,y,t)
concretizes at some time
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'concretizes@en'(x,y,t)
(forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001]
(forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002]
You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer
You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head.
b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])
if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])
you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head
preceded by
specifically depends on at all times
(forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001]
BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary
(forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002]
(forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002]
A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain
BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28
If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])
a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)
if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])
one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head
one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism
one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell
reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling
(forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001]
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'specifically depends on@en(x,y,t)'.
(forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002]
BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20
BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.
If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])
If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])
To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64
a shape s-depends_on the shaped object
an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])
one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant
one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question
one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command
one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat
one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs
reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas
reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces
the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball
the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand
the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45
the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45
the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20
located in at all times
(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001]
(iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001]
(forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001]
(forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001]
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'located in@en(x,y,t)'.
Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001])
Mary located_in Salzburg
b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])
for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])
for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])
the Empire State Building located_in New York.
this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood
this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow
your arm located_in your body
occupies spatial region at some time
(forall (x y r_1 t) (if (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r_1 t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (exists (r_2) (and (continuantPartOfAt r_2 r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt y r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [043-001]
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t)
(forall (x r t) (if (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r t) (and (SpatialRegion r) (IndependentContinuant x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [041-002]
(forall (r t) (if (Region r) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt r r t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [042-002]
b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])
every region r is occupies_spatial_region r at all times. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [042-002])
if b occupies_spatial_region r at t & b continuant_part_of b at t, then there is some r which is continuant_part_of r at t such that b occupies_spatial_region r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [043-001])
has function at some time
(iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001]
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has function at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has function@en'(x,y,t)
a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001])
has quality at some time
has role at some time
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has role at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has role@en'(x,y,t)
(iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001]
a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001])
exists at
b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])
has continuant part at all times
(iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001]
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t)
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.
b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
has occurrent part
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football.
b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
(iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001]
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO2 Reference: occurrent
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match.
has proper occurrent part
[copied from inverse property 'proper part of occurrent'] b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001])
b has_proper_occurrent_part c = Def. c proper_occurrent_part_of b. [XXX-001
has temporal part
[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life\. The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game\. The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating.\ The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life
[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life.
[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001])
[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003])
[copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating
has spatial occupant at some time
[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])
[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: spatial region
has location at some time
[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] Mary located_in Salzburg
[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] the Empire State Building located_in New York.
[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])
[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'located in@en'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] your arm located_in your body
[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood
[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
[copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow
has specific dependent at some time
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a shape s-depends_on the shaped object
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head
[copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question
has spatiotemporal occupant
[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatiotemporal region'] BFO 2 Reference: The occupies_spatiotemporal_region and occupies_temporal_region relations are the counterpart, on the occurrent side, of the relation occupies_spatial_region.
[copied from inverse property 'occupies spatiotemporal region'] p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003])
occupies spatiotemporal region
BFO 2 Reference: The occupies_spatiotemporal_region and occupies_temporal_region relations are the counterpart, on the occurrent side, of the relation occupies_spatial_region.
p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003])
part of occurrent
(forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (occurrentPartOf z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [124-001]
(forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (occurrentPartOf y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [123-001]
[copied from inverse property 'has occurrent part'] b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (occurrentPartOf x x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [113-002]
(forall (x y z) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y z)) (occurrentPartOf x z))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [112-001]
(forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (occurrentPartOf v x t) (occurrentPartOf v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (occurrentPartOf w u t) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [125-001]
BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life
The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football.
b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])
occurrent_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [123-001])
occurrent_part_of is reflexive (every occurrent entity is an occurrent_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [113-002])
occurrent_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [112-001])
occurrent_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [125-001])
occurrent_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [124-001])
the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match.
temporal part of
(iff (properTemporalPartOf a b) (and (temporalPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [116-001]
(forall (x y) (if (properTemporalPartOf x y) (exists (z) (and (properTemporalPartOf z y) (not (exists (w) (and (temporalPartOf w x) (temporalPartOf w z)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [117-002]
b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003])
(iff (temporalPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion a t))) (forall (c t_1) (if (and (Occurrent c) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion c t_1) (occurrentPartOf t_1 r)) (iff (occurrentPartOf c a) (occurrentPartOf c b)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [078-003]
b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001])
if b proper_temporal_part_of c, then there is some d which is a proper_temporal_part_of c and which shares no parts with b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [117-002])
the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life\. The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game\. The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating.\ The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life
the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life.
your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating
projects onto spatial region at some time
spatial projection of spatiotemporal at some time
projects onto temporal region
temporal projection of spatiotemporal
occupies temporal region
p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001])
has temporal occupant
[copied from inverse property 'occupies temporal region'] p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001])
during which exists
[copied from inverse property 'exists at'] BFO2 Reference: entity
[copied from inverse property 'exists at'] BFO2 Reference: temporal region
[copied from inverse property 'exists at'] b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])
bearer of at all times
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'bearer of@en(x,y,t)'.
has quality at all times
has role at all times
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has role at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has role@en(x,y,t)'.
has participant at all times
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has participant@en(x,y,t)'.
has specific dependent at all times
specifically depends on at some time
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t)
located in at some time
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'located in@en'(x,y,t)
part of continuant at some time
(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002]
[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has continuant part@en'(x,y,t)
BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at some time'] b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001]
(iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001]
(forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002]
(forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001]
(forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001]
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001]
Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)
b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])
continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])
continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001])
continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001])
continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001])
if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])
the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
part of continuant at all times
[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.
[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'
has continuant part at some time
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has continuant part@en'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: continuant
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
part of continuant at all times that whole exists
[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.
This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'
forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times'] b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
has continuant part at all times that part exists
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuant
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.
[copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
is about
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
is associated with review board approval number
a relation that links an informed consent form to an associated IRB number
an object perperty that represents a relation between a unique identifier (ID) and an organization that assigns the ID.
has participant quality
adverse event occurs in
The relation between a data item and a conclusion where the conclusion is the output of a data interpreting process and the data item is used as an input to that process
The relation between the conclusion "Gene tpbA is involved in EPS production" and the data items produced using two sets of organisms, one being a tpbA knockout, the other being tpbA wildtype tested in polysacharide production assays and analyzed using an ANOVA.
is_specified_input_of
Alan Ruttenberg
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
is_manufactured_by
Liju Fan
c is_manufactured_by o means that there was a process p in which c was built in which a person, or set of people or machines did the work(bore the "Manufacturer Role", and those people/and or machines were members or of directed by the organization to do this.
has_make
has_manufacturer
http://www.affymetrix.com/products/arrays/specific/hgu133.affx is_manufactered_by http://www.affymetrix.com/ (if we decide to use these URIs for the actual entities)
is_specified_output_of
A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
modified according to email thread from 1/23/09 in accordince with DT and PPPB branch
This relation obtains between a a objective specification and a planned process when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
is genome of organism
a 'part of continuant at some time' relation that incides a genome belongs to a organism.
is gene of organism
a relation between a gene and the organism where this gene belongs to the organism in nature. It does not include a foreign gene that is transferred to an organism by a genetic engineering method.
inheres in
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
inheres_in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
bearer of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
bearer_of
is bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
concretizes
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
has quality
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has_quality
this apple has quality this red color
has role
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has_role
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
located in
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
located_in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
has component
For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit.
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity.
is about vaccination procedure
a relation between a question or a questionnaire that is specifically designed for a certain vaccination procedure.
It is not clear if all questionnaires use the same question for a certain vaccination. If it is true, this relation is class level relation. If not, it is instance level relation. However, in a questionnaire and vaccination procedure, this is always true.
asking vaccination patient
documented by
an object property that represents a relation between a document and an entity that writes, maintains and releases the document.
screening questionnaire is filled by
used in geographic location
has gender
This relation may be replaced by has_vaccine_allergen. We need to determine if any vaccine contraindicator is not a vaccine allergen.
has_vaccine_contraindication is a relation that specifies contraindication of a vaccine.
a object property that specifies a relation between a vaccine and a vaccine allergen
an object property that specifies a relation between a vaccine and a vaccinate route
is_distributed_by is a relation that specifies a company that distributes a product (e.g., vaccine). The company is very likely not the manufacturer of the product.
vaccine immunization against disase
A relation between an entity and a dependent continuant; the reciprocal relation of inheres_in
A relation between a dependent continuant D and an entity E. D inheres_in E iff: given any d that instantiates D at t, there exists some e that instantiates E at t and d *inheres_in* e at t. Here *inheres_in* is the primitive instance level relation.
inheres_in_part_of
role_of
A relation between a role R and an entity E. R role_of E iff: R inheres_in E and R is a role
unfolds_in
P unfolds_in C : the execution of P is spatially contained by C. forall pP, forall c' partipates_in p, c' located_in C at t, for some t in P
hasAge
entity
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
continuant
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
a heart
a person
a symphony orchestra
endurant
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
the color of a tomato
the disposition of blood to coagulate
the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building
the mass of a cloud
occurrent
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
independent continuant
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
a leg
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
a chair
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
substantial entity
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
spatial region
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
temporal region
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
spatiotemporal region
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
(forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
(forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself.
(forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis.
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
process
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
disposition
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type [89
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocitosis and exocitosis
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
realizable entity
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized.
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
the disposition of metal to conduct electricity
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of the reproductive organs
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
quality
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
specifically dependent continuant
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
mode
property
the disposition of fish to decay
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc.
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the liquidity of blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the shape of this hole.
the smell of mozzarella
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
trope
role
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
the priest role
the role of a biological grandfather as legal guardian in the context of a system of laws
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a chemical compound in an experiment
the role of a patient relative as defined by a hospital administrative form
the role of a person as a surgeon
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of a student in a university
the role of a woman as a legal mother in the context of system of laws
the role of ingested matter in digestion
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
three-dimensional spatial region
(forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
a cube-shaped region of space
a sphere-shaped region of space,
site
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
Manhattan Canyon)
a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
a rabbit hole
an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
the Grand Canyon
the Piazza San Marco
the cockpit of an aircraft
the hold of a ship
the interior of a kangaroo pouch
the interior of the trunk of your car
the interior of your bedroom
the interior of your office
the interior of your refrigerator
the lumen of your gut
your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
generically dependent continuant
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
process boundary
(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.
material entity
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
Examples: collection of random bacteria, a chair, dorsal surface of the body
Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology.
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
the undetached arm of a human being
immaterial entity
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
zero-dimensional temporal region
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
right now
temporal instant.
the moment at which a child is born
the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
the moment of death.
gross anatomical part
Anatomical structure that is part of a multicellular organism and is at the gross anatomical level, e.g. above the level of a cell. Included are portions of organism substances such as blood, multi-cell-part structures such as axon tracts, acellular anatomical structures such as hair, and organism subdivisions such as head. Excluded is the whole organism and more granular parts of the organism, such as atoms, molecules, macromolecular complexes and cells.
A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups.
2,4-Diguanidino-3,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl 5-deoxy-2-O-(2-deoxy-2-methylamino-alpha-L-glucopyranosyl)-3-C-formyl-beta-L-lyxopentanofuranoside
A amino cyclitol glycoside that consists of streptidine having a disaccharyl moiety attached at the 4-position. The parent of the streptomycin class
A disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.
4,6-diamino-3-[3-deoxy-4-C-methyl-3-(methylamino)pentopyranosyloxy]-2-hydroxycyclohexyl 2-amino-2,3,4,6,7-pentadeoxy-6-(methylamino)heptopyranoside
Any of a group of aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by fermentation of some Micromonospora spp.
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose.
beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
1-methyl N-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanate
3-Amino-N-(alpha-carboxyphenethyl)succinamic acid N-methyl ester
3-Amino-N-(alpha-methoxycarbonylphenethyl) succinamic acid
A dipeptide that has formula C14H18N2O5.
methyl L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninate
A (1->6)-alpha-D-glucan which has extra branching consisting of (1->2), (1->3) or (1->4) linkages.
An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.
A broad-spectrum highly toxic antibiotic or mixture of antibiotics produced by a streptomyces (Streptomyces fradiae) and used medically especially to treat local infections.
An organomercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.
[(o-carboxyphenyl)thio]ethylmercury sodium salt
ethyl(2-mercaptobenzoato-S)mercury sodium salt
o-(ethylmercurithio)benzoic acid sodium salt
sodium [(2-carboxylatophenyl)sulfanyl](ethyl)mercurate(1-)
sodium ethyl[2-(sulfanyl-kappaS)benzoato(2-)]mercurate(1-)
A heart disease and a myopathy that is characterized by deterioration of the function of the heart muscle.
MSH:D009202 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs.
A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart.
hypersensitivity reaction type I disease
An immune system disease that is an exaggerated immune response to allergens, such as insect venom, dust mites, pollen, pet dander, drugs or some foods.
A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells.
An autoimmune disease of peripheral nervous system that causes body's immune system to attack part of the peripheral nervous system.
acute infective polyneuritis NOS (disorder)
A gastrointestinal system disease described as the condition of having frequent loose or liquid bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause severe dehydration which is one cause of death in diarrhea sufferers. Along with water, sufferers also lose dangerous amounts of important salts, electrolytes, and other nutrients. There are at least four types of diarrhea: secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea, motility-related diarrhea, and inflammatory diarrhea.
A blood platelet disease characterized by low a platelet count in the blood.
A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis.
Transient cerebral ischemia (disorder) [Ambiguous]
A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by a decrease in the normal number of red blood cells.
A B cell deficiency that is caused by a reduction in all types of gamma globulins.
A skin disease characterized by itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping and crusting patches of skin.
A bronchial disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The disease has_symptom recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), has_symptom chest tightness, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom mucus production and has_symptom coughing. The symptoms appear due to a variety of triggers such as allergens, irritants, respiratory infections, weather changes, exercise, stress, reflux disease, medications, foods and emotional anxiety.
chronic obstructive asthma with acute exacerbation
chronic obstructive asthma with status asthmaticus
A hypersensitivity reaction type I disease that is an abnormal response to a food, triggered by the body's immune system.
A thymus cancer that derives_from epithelial cells located_in the thymus. The tumor cells in a thymoma look similar to the normal cells of the thymus, grow slowly, and rarely spread beyond the thymus.
A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
hypersensitivity reaction type II disease
An immune system disease that is an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body resulting from an abnormal functioning of the immune system that results in the production of antibodies or T cell directed against the host tissues.
A food allergy that is an allergy or hypersensitivity to dietary substances from the yolk or whites of eggs, causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms.
A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney.
A coronary artery disease characterized by myocardial cell death (myocardial necrosis) due to prolonged ischaemia.
A heart disease that is characterized by any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body.
A Human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease that results_in reduction in the numbers of CD4-bearing helper T cells below 200 per µL of blood or 14% of all lymphocytes thereby rendering the subject highly vulnerable to life-threatening infections and cancers, has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 2, which are transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk, transmitted_by congenital method, and transmitted_by contaminated needles. Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS.
A sebaceous gland disease characterized by areas of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, greasy skin, and possibly scarring.
An artery disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the blood vessels supplying the brain.
A bone inflammation disease that results_in inflammation in the joints of the spine and pelvis. The disease has_symptom pain, has_symptom stiffness in the spine, has_symptom stiffness in the neck, has_symptom stiffness in the hips, has_symptom stiffness in the jaw and has_symptom stiffness in the rib cage.
An arthritis that is an autoimmune disease which attacks healthy cells and tissue located_in joint.
A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide.
Updating out dated CUI and removing lung abscess as a synonym.
A pyoderma consisting of three forms of skin lesions having either a thick, adherent, recurrent, dirty yellow crust with an erythematous margin (common or superficial impetigo) or lessions which are superficial, thin-walled, and bullous as found in bullous impetigo. The lesions in bullous (staphylococcal) impetigo, which are always caused by S aureus, are superficial, thin-walled, and bullous.
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in nerve fiber, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 3, which reactivates after appearing as chickenpox in childhood. The virus is transmitted_by direct contact with the rash, which can develop into chickenpox in newly-infected individuals. The infection has_symptom rash which is followed by blisters, has_symptom headache, has_symptom fever, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom itching, has_symptom burning pain, and has_symptom paresthesia.
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 3, which is transmitted_by direct contact with secretions from the rash, or transmitted_by droplet spread of respiratory secretions. The infection has_symptom anorexia, has_symptom myalgia, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom sore throat, and has_symptom blisters.
An intestinal disease that involves inflammation located_in intestine.
MSH:C536215 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
regional enteritis of small intestine with large intestine
(Angina: [crescendo] or [unstable] or [at rest]) or (preinfarction syndrome) or (impending infarction)
A lupus erythematosus that is an inflammation of connective tissue marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys and inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart.
A glucose metabolism disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location.
A federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, DC, the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The State of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the State of Hawaii is in the mid-Pacific. The United States also possesses several territories, or insular areas, that are scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific. The states are divided into smaller administrative regions, called counties in most states, exceptions being Alaska (parts of the state are organized into subdivisions called boroughs; the rest of the state's territory that is not included in any borough is divided into "census areas"), and Louisiana (which is divided into county-equivalents that are called parishes). There are also independent cities which are within particular states but not part of any particular county or consolidated city-counties. Another type of organization is where the city and county are unified and function as an independent city. There are thirty-nine independent cities in Virginia and other independent cities or city-counties are San Francisco, California, Baltimore, Maryland, St. Louis, Missouri, Denver, Colorado and Carson City, Nevada. Counties can include a number of cities, towns, villages, or hamlets, or sometimes just a part of a city. Counties have varying degrees of political and legal significance, but they are always administrative divisions of the state. Counties in many states are further subdivided into townships, which, by definition, are administrative divisions of a county. In some states, such as Michigan, a township can file a charter with the state government, making itself into a "charter township", which is a type of mixed municipal and township status (giving the township some of the rights of a city without all of the responsibilities), much in the way a metropolitan municipality is a mixed municipality and county.
An unincorporated territory of the United States.
An area of the United States of America under United States jurisdiction, to which Congress has determined that only select parts of the United States of America Constitution apply.
An unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign State of Samoa. The main (largest and most populous) island is Tutuila, with the Manu'a Islands, Rose Atoll, and Swains Island also included in the territory.
A group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. The US Virgin Islands are an organized, unincorporated United States territory. The US Virgin Islands are administratively divided into two districts and subdivided into 20 sub-districts.
A Micronesian island nation in the western Pacific Ocean, located north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia and south of the United States territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim.
A semi-autonomous territory composed of an archipelago in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands, approximately 2,000 km off the coast of Florida (the nearest of the mainland United States).
A commonwealth in political union with the United States.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
An unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States, administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior.
A statistical designation defined by ISO3166-1, consists of nine insular United States possessions. Palmyra Atoll is the only incorporated territory of the United States. Currently, none of the islands have any permanent residents.
objective specification
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
PERSON: Barry Smith
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
goal specification
purpose of a study; support of hypothesis, discovery of new information
action specification
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
a directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take
data item
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
data
symbol
20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=154).
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
PERSON: James A. Overton
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
based on Oxford English Dictionary
information content entity
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
directive information entity
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
curation status specification
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
data about an ontology part
data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
plan specification
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
textual entity
A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.
MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
text
document
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
documenting
6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape
Bjoern Peters
Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database.
a planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it.
wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting
The term definition is adapted from NCIt definition of 'consent form' (C16468) with modification. Compared to the NCIt definition, the ICO definition does not restrict the form to a clinical trial.
A document that explains all relevant study information to assist a human subject in understanding the expectations and requirements of participation in a research study. This form document is presented to and signed by the study subject.
a planned process that involves the design of an informed consent form.
an organization that approves the clinical study protocol, and ensures the applicable governing rules and laws are upheld.
study requiring informed consent
a planned process that is a study requiring an official informed consent process.
consenter role
a role that inheres in a patient or the legal guadian when he/she participates the consenting process.
review board approval number
For the review board approval, different countries or continents may have different responsible entities for approving the study. For example, in USA, the board is called "Institutional Review Board" (IRB). In many countries in Europe, it is called Ethics committee.
This term definition is adapted from the definition of the NCIt term 'Review Board Approval Number Text'.
A character string that is assigned by the review board upon approval of the study.
YL, EE, YH, AK, MH
vaccination informed consent form
an informed consent form that is used for vaccination
question textual entity
a textual entity that provides a question in text.
filled questionnaire
A questionaire that is filled up with answers.
answer option text entity
a textual entity that answers a question with an option.
yes answer text entity
an answer option textual entity that answers a question with a yes.
no answer text entity
an answer option textual entity that answers a question with a no.
filling informed consent form
a planned process that involves the filling of an informed consent form.
filling questionnaire
a planned process that involves the filling of a questionnaire form that includes a list of questions.
negative-sense genome single-stranded RNA viruses
Cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus, SSPEV
purple photosynthetic bacteria and relatives
Mycobacterium tuberculosis typus humanus
ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage
Diplokokkus intracellularis meningitidis
Micrococcus meningitidis cerebrospinalis
Enterobacteraceae (ex Lapage 1979) Lapage 1982, fam. nov., nom. rev.
Enterobacteriaceae (ex Rahn 1937) Ewing et al. 1980, fam. nov., nom. rev.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis subsp. pestis
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi
Bacillus/Lactobacillus/Streptococcus group
Melanie Courtot and YH: More work is needed on how to restrict the scope of a term to be an 'adverse event', notably regarding temporal association. When is an appropirate time interval between a medical intervention and an adverse event observed? One week, one month, one year, or a lifetime? For some well-studied medical interventions (e.g., administration of many vaccines or drugs), we probably have a general idea. For many new interventions, we don't know much. In OAE, this issue is associated with defining the 'adverse event incubation time'.
YH: There has been discussion regarding whether the term 'side effect' is an alternative term for 'adverse event'. In AERO, the term 'AERO:adverse event' represents a subset of those adverse events for which causality has been established. In OAE, an adverse event for which causality has been established is called 'causal adverse event'.
a pathological bodily process that occurs after a medical intervention. An adverse event is likely caused by the medical intervention; however, such a causal association is not required to be an adverse event.
YH: The main scope of OAE includes: (1) represent terms and relations in the area of adverse events, (2) assess possible associations between an adverse event and a medical intervention, particularly, identify any causal effect of a medical intervention to an adverse event; and (2) understand the mechanism (including molecular mechanisms) of causal adverse events.
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093068
The OAE official website is: http://www.oae-ontology.org/.
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm
YH: An adverse event is a process that has specified output of some adverse medical outcome (e.g., symptom, sign or accident) after a medical intervention (or process) (e.g., administration of drug or vaccine). The medical intervention can be an administration of a drug, a vaccine (i.e., vaccination), or a special nutritional product (for example, dietary supplement, infant formula, medical food), surgery, or usage of a medical device.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_event
YH: An adverse event is possibly induced by the medical intervention. It can be caused by the medical intervention, or may not be caused by the medical intervention. One ultimate goal (or the goal in clinics) of study adverse events is to assess if the adverse event outcome is due to the medical intervention.
an adverse event that occurs after a vaccination.
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of dizziness
Dizziness describes a number of subjective symptoms, which the patient may describe as feelings of lightheadedness, floating, wooziness, giddiness, confusion, disorientation or loss of balance. Medical terms include vertigo, disequilibrium, pre-syncope or syncoptic episode. Causes may stem from a variety of failures of equilibrioception, hypotension, cerebral hypoxia or a reaction to environmental chemicals or drugs.
a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of loss of consciousness, fainting
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconsciousness
Syncope is the medical term for fainting, a sudden, usually temporary, loss of consciousness.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_%28medicine%29
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299621
a nervous system AE that has the symptom of GBS. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances, the weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body. These symptoms can increase in intensity until the muscles cannot be used at all and the patient is almost totally paralyzed. In these cases, the disorder is life-threatening and is considered a medical emergency. Usually Guillain-Barre occurs a few days or weeks after the patient has had symptoms of a respiratory or gastrointestinal viral infection. Occasionally, surgery or vaccinations will trigger the syndrome. Reference: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/gbs.htm.
WEB: http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CA4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irrd.ca%2Fethics%2Fimages%2FAdverse-event-definition.doc&ei=eqFMS-yFNZSoswOt6siKAQ&usg=AFQjCNGnQcwI8OXH7dqxwo4RgZEEn8X6lg&sig2=UNngkCdO5ZTFvbIB1pKuaA
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serious_adverse_event
serious adverse event is an adverse event that requires in-patient hospitalization, or prolongation of existing hospitalization, or that causes congenital malformation, or that results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, or that is life threatening or results in death.
planned process
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
processed material
Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
investigation
Could add specific objective specification
Lung cancer investigation using expression profiling, a stem cell transplant investigation, biobanking is not an investigation, though it may be part of an investigation
OBI branch derived
a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s).
Feb 10, 2009. changes after discussion at OBI Consortium Workshop Feb 2-6, 2009. accepted as core term.
Implementing a study means carrying out or performing the study and providing reagents or other materials used in the study and other tasks without which the study would not happen.
GROUP: Role Branch
OBI
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable representing investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing.
The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress.
organization
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
protocol
A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process.
OBI branch derived + wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_%28natural_sciences%29)
PCR protocol, has objective specification, amplify DNA fragment of interest, and has action specification describes the amounts of experimental reagents used (e..g. buffers, dNTPS, enzyme), and the temperature and cycle time settings for running the PCR.
PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
material to be added role
9 March 09 from discussion with PA branch
drug added to a buffer contained in a tube; substance injected into an animal;
material to be added role is a protocol participant role realized by a material which is added into a material bearing the target of material addition role in a material addition process
drawing a conclusion based on data
Concluding that a gene is upregulated in a tissue sample based on the band intensity in a western blot. Concluding that a patient has a infection based on measurement of an elevated body temperature and reported headache. Concluding that there were problems in an investigation because data from PCR and microarray are conflicting. Concluding that 'defects in gene XYZ cause cancer due to improper DNA repair' based on data from experiments in that study that gene XYZ is involved in DNA repair, and the conclusion of a previous study that cancer patients have an increased number of mutations in this gene.
A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion
planning
7/18/2011 BP: planning used to itself be a planned process. Barry Smith pointed out that this would lead to an infinite regression, as there would have to be a plan to conduct a planning process, which in itself would be the result of planning etc. Therefore, the restrictions on 'planning' were loosened to allow for informal processes that result in an 'ad hoc plan '. This required changing from 'has_specified_output some plan specifiction' to 'has_participant some plan specification'.
The process of a scientist thinking about and deciding what reagents to use as part of a protocol for an experiment. Note that the scientist could be human or a "robot scientist" executing software.
a process of creating or modifying a plan specification
target of material addition role
From Branch discussion with BP, AR, MC -- there is a need for the recipient to interact with the administered material. for example, a tooth receiving a filling was not considered to be a target role.
peritoneum of an animal receiving an interperitoneal injection; solution in a tube receiving additional material; location of absorbed material following a dermal application.
target of material addition role is a role realized by an entity into which a material is added in a material addition process
6/11/9: edited at workshop. Used to be: study design execution is a process with the objective to generate data according to a concretized study design. The execution of a study design is part of an investigation, and minimally consists of an assay or data transformation.
a planned process that realizes the concretization of a study design
injecting a mouse with PBS solution, weighing it, and recording the weight according to a study design.
removed axiom has_part some (assay or 'data transformation') per discussion on protocol application mailing list to improve reasoner performance. The axiom is still desired.
09/28/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: This is made a subclass of the higher level processual entity in BFO because I don't want to take a stand on whether it is a process aggregate. Analogous to the situation with Material entity.
2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
A planned process in which a person or their legal representative is informed about key facts about potential risks and benefits of a process and makes a documented decision as to whether the person in question will participate.
Need to clarify if this is a document or a directive information entity (or what their connection is))
A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.
Merriam-Webster
PERSON: Jessica Turner
In the Philly 2013 workshop, we recognized the limitations of "conclusion textual entity", and we introduced this as more general. The need for the 'textual entity' term going forward is up for future debate.
An information content entity that is inferred from data.
organism
10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
animal
fungus
plant
virus
study design
A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution.
Editor note: there is at least an implicit restriction on the kind of data transformations that can be done based on the measured data available.
a matched pairs study design describes criteria by which subjects are identified as pairs which then undergo the same protocols, and the data generated is analyzed by comparing the differences between the paired subjects, which constitute the results of the executed study design.
experimental design
rediscussed at length (MC/JF/BP). 12/9/08). The definition was clarified to differentiate it from protocol.
The genome of an organism of Proteobacteria
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved.
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes.
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes.
quality of a single physical entity
A physical object quality which inheres in a single-bearer.
Faint is a alteration of consciousness characterized by a loss of consciousness because of a temporary decrease in the blood supply to the brain.
A symptom is a perceived change in function, sensation, loss, disturbance or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease.
A skin and integumentary tissue symptom characterized as an eruption on the body typically with little or no elevation above the surface.
Wheezing is a respiratory abnormality characterized by breathing with difficulty usually with a whistling sound.
Dizziness is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a sensation of unsteadiness accompanied by a feeling of movement within the head.
Fever is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a rise of body temperature above the normal whether a natural response (as to infection) or artificially induced for therapeutic reasons.
Low-grade fever is a fever that does not exceed 38.5 degree centrigrade.
High fever is a fever that involved an elevated temperature.
Vomiting is a digestive system symptom characterized by throwing up the stomach contents.
Dyspnea is a respiratory abnormality characterized by difficult or labored respiration.
First portion of the digestive tract[WP]. The portion of the digestive that develops from the stomodeum
TODO - check fly mouthpart. note in uberon we distinguish between the mouth and the oral opening. the mouth is part of the digestive tract. TODO - check isa parent subdivision of head - is it a subdivision of the head or digestive tract
TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Consider FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle.
Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA]. Striated muscle tissue under control of the somatic nervous system. It is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac and smooth muscle. As its name suggests, most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons. Skeletal muscle is made up of individual components known as muscle fibers. These fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts. The myofibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of actin and myosin myofibrils repeated as a sarcomere, the basic functional unit of the cell and responsible for skeletal muscle's striated appearance and forming the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction. The term muscle refers to multiple bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue[WP].
Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the right and left ureters and distally with the urethra.
editor note: consider adding a 'bladder' grouping class
Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA].
Note that this class combines superficial fascia and hypodermis in FMA. Note also BTO has 'subcutis'
Nonparenchymatous organ that consists of the dermis and epidermis. Subdivisions of the skin surround various body parts; as a whole, the skin constitutes the external layer of the body. Examples: There is only one skin[FMA]. Surface structure that consists of the external membranous integument of the animal.
Note that FMA uses 'skin' for the entire organ. XAO seems consistent. MA seems to use it analagously to zone of skin
Manitoba vaccination informed consent form
A vaccination informed consent form that is provided by Manitoba government in Canada
questionnaire for Manitoba vaccination consent
We may also model the Minatoba Child Informed Consent form: http://www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/cdc/div/docs/7707.pdf
a questionnaire that is part of the Manitoba vaccination informed consent form.
vaccination screening questionnaire
A questionnaire that contains different questions of an intended vaccine reciepiant's health history, allergy history, and current condition, in order to assess the contraindication and precaution for administering a vaccine.
YL,JZ,YH
question whether allergic to vaccine component
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is allergic to a vaccine component
don't know answer text entity
questionnaire for Rite Aid vaccination consent
filled questionnaire for Costco vaccination consent
a questionnaire for Costco vaccination consent that is filled
filled questionnaire for Walgreens vaccination consent
a questionnaire for Walgreens vaccination consent that is filled
questionnaire for Rite Aid vaccination consent in California
vaccination patient with asthma
questionnaire for Rite Aid injectable flu vaccination consent in South Carolina
questionnaire for Rite Aid non-flu vaccination consent in South Carolina
questionnaire for Rite Aid vaccination consent in other states than SC, NC and CA
vaccination patient
After the vaccination process, this vaccination patient will bear the role of human vaccinee, and become a human vaccinee.
If the patient is a minor, his/her legal representative will answer the screening question for him/her.
a human who is going to recieve an administration of a vaccine, who bears a vaccination patient role, which is realized when he/she sits in a vaccination provider's site and is the bject of screening questions for receiving a vaccine.
legal representative of minor vaccination patient
Costco vaccination informed consent form
A vaccination informed consent form that is provided by Costco
Walgreens vaccination informed consent form
A vaccination informed consent form that is provided by Walgreens
questionnaire for Walgreens vaccination consent
a questionnaire that is part of the Walgreens vaccination informed consent form.
questionnaire for Costco vaccination consent
a questionnaire that is part of the Costco vaccination informed consent form.
minor vaccination patient
a vaccination patient who is under the age of legal competence.According to US Civil Law, which described a person under a certain age as less than so many years. In most states, a person is no longer a minor after reaching the age of 18.
female vaccination patient
flumist vaccination
Rite Aid vaccination informed consent form
pneumococcal vaccination
shingles vaccination
Zoster vaccination
Tdap vaccination
vaccination patient over 65 years old
questionnaire for Rite Aid vaccination consent in North Carolina
Td vaccination
vaccination patient with COPD
vaccination patient with smoking habit
2-4 year old vaccination patient
parent of minor vaccination patient
influenza vaccination
injectable influenza vaccination
intranasal influenza vaccination
Rite Aid injectable flu vaccination informed consent form in South Carolina
Rite Aid non-flu vaccination informed consent form in South Carolina
Rite Aid vaccination informed consent form in California
Rite Aid vaccination informed consent form in North Carolina
Rite Aid vaccination informed consent form in other states than SC, NC and CA
Manitoba Seasonal Influenza and Pneumococcal vaccination informed consent form
Manitoba child immunization consent form
questionnaire for Manitoba child immunization consent
yellow fever vaccination
MMR vaccination
typhoid vaccination
oral typhoid vaccination
live vaccine vaccination
University of Maryland College Park vaccination informed consent form
questionnaire for University of Maryland College Park vaccination consent
UM College Park injectable influenza vaccination informed consent
UM College Park flumist vaccination informed consent
UM College Park Smallpox vaccination informed consent form
questionnaire for UM College Park flumist vaccination consent
questionnaire for UM College Park injectable influenza vaccination consent
screening questionnaire for UM College Park smallpox vaccination consent
smallpox vaccination
household member of vaccination patient
a person lives in the same house with vaccination patient
close physical contact person of vaccination patient
a person who has close physical contact with the vaccination patient, such as sex partner
newborn infant
A newborn infant, or neonate, is a child under 28 days of age.
NCI: C16731
WHO (http://www.who.int/topics/infant_newborn/en/)
vaccination informed consent process
question whether currently sick
1. Are you sick today? There is no evidence that acute illness reduces vaccine efficacy or increases vaccine adverse events (1). However, as a precaution with moderate or severe acute illness, all vaccines should be delayed until the illness has improved. Mild illnesses (such as upper respiratory infections or diarrhea) are NOT contraindications to vaccination. Do not withhold vaccination if a person is taking antibiotics. (http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4065.pdf)
Are you sick today
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is currently sick.
allergy question
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is allergic to some material.
2. Do you have allergies to medications, food, a vaccine component, or latex? If a person has anaphylaxis after eating gelatin, do not administer MMR,varicella, standard trivalent Fluzone, Flumist, rabies (Rabavert), oral typhoid, or yellow fever vaccine. A local reaction to a prior vaccine dose or vaccine components (e.g., latex) is not a contraindication to a subsequent dose or vaccine containing that component. For a table of vaccines supplied in vials or syringes that contain latex, go to www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/appendices/B/latex-table.pdf. For an extensive list of vaccine components, see reference 2. An egg-free recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV3) may be used in people age 18 years and older with egg allergy of any severity who have no other contraindications. People younger than age 18 years who have experienced a serious systemic or anaphylactic reaction (e.g., hives, swelling of the lips or tongue, acute respiratory distress, or collapse) after eating eggs can usually be vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV); consult ACIP recommendations (see reference 3). 2. Table of Vaccine Components: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/appendices/B/excipient-table-2.pdf. 3. CDC. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines:Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), United States, 2015–16 Influenza Season at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6430.pdf, pages 818–825 http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4065.pdf
question whether allergic to latex
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is allergic to latex.
question whether allergic to food
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is allergic to food
question whether allergic to egg
question whether allergic to medication
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is allergic to a medication
question whether allergic to vaccine
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is allergic to a vaccine
question on reaction after immunization
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee had any reaction after a vaccination (i.e., immunization) in the past.
seizure disorder question
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has experienced any seizure disorder
immunocompromisation question
a question textual entity that asks whether the vaccination patient is immunocomprised
question on woman pregnancy
a question textual entity that asks whether a woman is pregnant now
current treatment question
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is currently under any treatment
cortisone treatment question
a current treatment question that asks whether the questionee is currently under any cortisone treatment
X-ray treatment question
a current treatment question that asks whether the questionee is currently under any X-ray treatment
question on vaccination in past 4 weeks
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has been vaccinated in the past four weeks
question on TB skin test in past 4 weeks
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has conducted a TB skin test in the past four weeks
question on blood transfusion in past year
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has conducted a blood transfusion in the past year
question on high-dose steroid therapy for longer than 2 weeks
a current treatment question that asks whether the questionee has been under a high-dose steroid therapy ((prednisone > 20mg/day or equivalent)) for longer than two weeks
question on thymus disease
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has a thymus disease
This question is needed for yellow fever vaccination
question on current antibiotics usage
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is currently taking some antibiotics
This question is needed for oral typhoid vaccination
question on thrombocytopenia history
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has a history of thrombocytopenia
question on current aspirin medication
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is currently taking aspirin
question on asthma or wheezing history
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has a history of asthma or wheezing
question on serious nasal condition
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has a serious nasal condition, which makes breathing difficult, such as a very stuffy nose.
question on long-term health problem
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has a a long-term health problem with heart disease, lung disease, asthma, kidney disease, metabolic disease (e.g., diabetes), anemia or other blood disorder.
question on long-term heart disease
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has a long-term heart disease
question on cancer
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has cancer
question on leukemia
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has leukemia
question on long-term lung disease
YL, YH
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has a long-term lung disease
filled questionnaire for Manitoba Seasonal Influenza and Pheumococcal vaccination consent
YL,YH
question on long-term metabolic disease
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has a long-term metabolic disease
question on long-term diabetes
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has diabetes
question on anemia
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has anemia
question on AIDS
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has AIDS
prednisone treatment question
a current treatment question that asks whether the questionee is currently under prednisone treatment
steroids treatment question
a current treatment question that asks whether the questionee is currently under any steroid treatment
question on current anti-cancer drug usage
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is currently taking any anti-cancer drugs
question on whether fainted or felt dizzy after immunization
Walgreens immunization informed consent: https://www.walgreens.com/images/pdfs/IN-2225/WAG_VAR_Form_EDIT_10172013_v1.pdf
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee hasfainted or felt dizzy after a vaccination (i.e., immunization)
question on transfusion of blood products in past year
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has been given transfusion of blood products in the past year
question on given immune (gamma) globulin in last year
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has been given immune (gamma) globulin in the past year
question on history of thymoma
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has a history of thymoma
question on previous thymectomy procedure
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has his/her thymus removed previously
question on current antimalarial medication
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is currently under antimalarial medication
asked in prior for using Oral thyphoid vaccine only
question on seizure, brain, or nerve problem
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has experienced any seizure disorder, brain or nerve problem.
Have you had a seizure, brain, or other nervous system problem?
question on blood or blood product transfusion, or immune (gamma) globulin in past year
Cosco Pharmacy vaccine informed consent form: http://www2.costco.com/Images/Content/misc/PDF/Immunization_consent_form_v2-2012.pdf
During the past year, have you received a transfusion of blood or blood products, including antibodies?
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has conducted a blood or blood product transfusion, or given a medicine called immune (gamma) globulin, in the past year
question on woman pregnancy now or during the next month
a question textual entity that asks whether a woman is pregnant now or could become pregrant during the next month
question on cancer, leukemia, AIDS or any other immune system problem
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has cancer, leukemia, AIDS or any other immune system problem
question whether currently sick with a moderate to high fever, vomiting/diarrhea
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee is currently sick with a moderate to high fever, vomiting/diarrhea
question on any medication affecting blood clotting
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has taken any medication that affects blood clotting
question on history of thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopenic purpura
a question textual entity that asks whether the questionee has a history of thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopenic purpura.
questionare for Manitoba Seasonal Influenza and Pneumococcal vaccination consent
a questionnaire that is part of the vaccination informed consent form used for Seasonal Influenza and Phenumococcal vaccination in Manitoba, Canada.
question on long-term kidney disease
a question on long-term health problem that asks whether the questionee has a long-term kidney disease
question whether allergic to gentamicin
question whether allergic to neomycin
question whether allergic to formaldehyde
question whether allergic to thimerosal
question whether allergic to bovine protein
question whether allergic to phenol
question whether allergic to polymyxin
question whether allergic to gelatin
question whether allergic to yeast
question whether allergic to baker’s yeast
question on vaccination caused disorder
question on vaccination caused Guillain-Barre syndrome
question on neurological disorder
question whether relate to new born infant
Are you a parent, family member, or caregiver to a new born infant?
a question asks the questionee if he or she is taking care of a new born infant or close family member of a new born infant.
question on asthma history
question on wheezing history
question on serious reaction after immunization
question whether a parent of a new born infant
question whether a family member of a new born infant
question whether a care giver of a new born infant
question whether smoke
Do you smoke?
question on past vaccination information
questions that related to patient's vaccination history, warnings received from health provider about a certain vaccination, and adverse event related with a vaccination.
question whether had Pneumococcal vaccination
question whether had Shingles vaccination
question whether had Tdap vaccination
question on antiviral drug usage
question on whether having cut, injury, puncture or open wound
Do you have a cut, injury, puncture or open wound that prompted you to get a tetanus shot?
question on COPD
question whether react to triple antibiotic ointment
question on health provider precaution or warning of specific vaccination
Has any physician or other healthcare professional ever cautioned or warned you about receiving certain vaccines or receiving vaccines outside of a medical setting? *
a question asks if the vaccination patient received warning or precaution information from his/her health provider in the past.
question about vaccination patient age
question on long-term liver disease
question on faintig after vaccination
question on long-term aspirin therapy
question whether patient is older than 18 years old
Are you 18 years of age or older?
question on whether having atopic dermatitis
question whether diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis
question whether diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis
question whether diagnosed with Crohn’s disease
question whether diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome
Have you ever been diagnosed as having Guillain-Barre syndrome?
question on health condition requires doctor visit
question whether had chickenpox
a question textual entity that asks the patient whether he/she had diagnosed, treated and recovered from chickenpox, or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection.
question on dizzy after vaccination
question whether bring imunization record card
Did you bring your Immunization Record Card with you?
question on asplenia
question on CSF leak
question on cochlear implant
The United States Food and Drug Administration reports that cochlear implant recipients may be at higher risk for meningitis.[76] A study of 4,265 American children who received implants between 1997 and 2002 concluded that recipient children had a risk of pneumococcal meningitis more than 30 times greater than that for children in the general population.A later, UK-based, study found that while the incidence of meningitis in implanted adults was significantly higher than the general population, the incidence in children was no different from the general population. As a result, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration both recommend that would-be implant recipients be vaccinated against meningitis prior to surgery.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_implant)
question on weekly injection
question on weekly injection of adalmumab
question on weekly injection of infliximab
question on weekly injection of etanercept
question on home infusion
question on high-dose methotrexate usage
question on azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine usage
question on current anti-malarial medication
question whether recieving aspirin-containing therapy
5 year and younger vaccination patient
a minor vaccination patient whose age is younger thatn 5 or equal to 5.
question on fever
Do you have a fever?
question whether allergic to egg products
question on stroke leading brain or nerve damage
question on convulsion leading brain or nerve damage
question on brain or nerve damage
question on respiratory illness
question that is about the patient's repiratory system or chest symptoms.
question whether in contact with severely immunocompromised person
question on woman's possibility of geting pregnant
Is there a possibility of pregnancy? <used in UM College Park injectable influenza vaccination consent questionnaire> [VICO_0000065]
Pregnancy tests prior to vaccination are not routinely recommended. However, females of childbearing age should be asked about the possibility of their being pregnant prior to being given any vaccine for which pregnancy is a contraindication or precaution. The patient's answer should be documented in the medical record. If the patient is uncertain if she is pregnant, a test should be performed before administering live virus vaccines (measles-mumps-rubella, varicella, live attenuated influenza, yellow fever). (http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/precautions-contraindications.asp)
question on agammaglobulinemia
question on lymphoma
question on severe autoimmune disease
question on SLE
question on immunosuppressive drug usage
question on drug usage after organ transplant
question on autoimmune disease drug usage
question on cancer treatment
question on autoimmune disease
question on current condition leads to skin break
question onwhether having skin rash
question on whethere having severe burn
question on whether having impetigo
question whether having chickenpox
question on whether having shingles
question on whether having herpes
question on whether having psoriasis
question on whether having severe acne
question on Darier's disease
question on whether using steroid eye drop
question on whether diagnosed with myocardial infarction
question on whether diagnosed with angina
question on whether diagnosed with congestive heart failure
question on whether diagnosed with cardiomyopathy
question on whether had transient ischemic attack
question on chest pain
question on shortness of breath when exert
question whether allergic to smallpox vaccine
question whether allergic to polymixin B
question whether allergic to streptomycin
question whethere allergic to chlortetracycline
question whethere allergic to neomycin
question on last month's sexual intercourse without effecctive birth control
question on sexual intercourse without effecctive birth control after the vaccination
question whether live with a child less than one year old
question whether current breast-feeding
question for woman
CDC guidance for pregnancy vaccination http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/committee/downloads/preg-principles-2008.pdf
question for household memeber of vaccination patient
question for close physical contact person of vaccination patient
question on current medication usage
question asks vaccination patient about current drug usage.
question whether had organ transplant
question whether had chickenpox vaccination
current health condition question
a question asks if the patient currently has any disease that requies regular doctor's vsisit, long tem disease that impacts current well-being, any symptoms, or feeling ill at the time when he/she is being accessed by vaccination providers.
previous medical precedure question
question whether live with immunocompromise person
sickness
A disposition of ill health, bodily malfunction, or discomfort.
immunocompromised condition
A condition or state in which the immune system doesn't have ability to fight infectious disease or medical challenges.
A person who has an immunodeficiency of any kind is said to be immunocompromised. An immunocompromised person may be particularly vulnerable to opportunistic infections, in addition to normal infections that could affect everyone. Immunodeficiency may also decrease cancer immunosurveillance. Most cases of immunodeficiency are acquired ("secondary") but some people are born with defects in their immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. Transplant patients take medications to suppress their immune system as an anti-rejection measure, as do some patients suffering from an over-active immune system.
functional asplenia
The organism's spleen doesn't work, or
anatomical asplenia
The organsim is lacking of the spleen as a part of its body.
asplenia
Asplenia refers to the absence of normal spleen function and is associated with some serious infection risks.
Vaccinations It is suggested that splenectomized persons receive the following vaccinations, and ideally prior to planned splenectomy surgery: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (not before 2 years of age). Children may first need one or more boosters of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine if they did not complete the full childhood series. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, especially if not received in childhood. For adults who have not been previously vaccinated, two doses given two months apart was advised in the new 2006 UK vaccination guidelines (in the UK may be given as a combined Hib/MenC vaccine). Meningococcal conjugate vaccine, especially if not received in adolescence. Previously vaccinated adults require a single booster and non-immunised adults advised, in UK since 2006, to have two doses given two months apart. Children too young for the conjugate vaccine should receive meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in the interim. Influenza vaccine, every winter, to help prevent getting secondary bacterial infection. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asplenia)
Asplenia refers to the absence of normal spleen function and is associated with some serious infection risks.Asplenia is a form of immunodeficiency, increasing the risk of sepsis from polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria,and can result in overwhelming post splenectomy infection (OPSI), often fatal within a few hours. In particular, patients are at risk from Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and meningococcus.The risk is elevated as much as 350–fold. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asplenia)
acquired immunocompromised condition due to transplant
The immunocomproised condition accquired by transplant patients taking medications to suppress their immune system as an anti-rejection measure.
cerebrospinal fluid leak
A health condition where the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord escapes.
CSF leak
cochlear implant
The United States Food and Drug Administration reports that cochlear implant recipients may be at higher risk for meningitis.[76] A study of 4,265 American children who received implants between 1997 and 2002 concluded that recipient children had a risk of pneumococcal meningitis more than 30 times greater than that for children in the general population.[77] A later, UK-based, study found that while the incidence of meningitis in implanted adults was significantly higher than the general population, the incidence in children was no different from the general population.[78] As a result, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration both recommend that would-be implant recipients be vaccinated against meningitis prior to surgery.[79]
a condition of person who has been surgically implanted an electronic device under the skin behind the ear to provide hearing.
serious vaccine adverse event
pregancy
The state or condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body (uterus), after union of an ovum and spermatozoon, during the period from conception to birth.
burns
A burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals. Skin injuries due to ultraviolet radiation, radioactivity, electricity or chemicals, as well as respiratory damage resulting from smoke inhalation, are also considered to be burns.
WHO (http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/other_injury/burns/en/)
breastfeeding
The feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast.
smoking behaviour
A person's current tobacco and nicotine consumption as well as his/her smoking history.
unprotected sexual intercourse
NCI thesaurus
Sexual intercourse without the use of precautions to prevent conception or the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.
'part of organism in vaccine' is a pathogen component in vaccine that contains only a part of the pathogen organism instead of the whole organism.
Many vaccines are developed to protect against infectious pathogens. Many vaccines are also being developed against some diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Vaccine is developed against a disease. Allergy.
a role that inheres in a prepared material entity that is designed to induce protection or treament for a diease or infection in vivo.
A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine.
a process of administering substance in vivo that involves in adding a vaccine into a host (e.g., human) in vivo with the intent to invoke a protective or therapeutic adaptive immune response.
Product Name: Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate)
Product Name: Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed
WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/appendices/B/excipient-table-2.pdf
Product Name: Measles Virus Vaccine, Live
A vaccine that protects against Bacillus anthrax that causes anthrax.
Product Name: Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Meningococcal Protein Conjugate) & Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Product Name: Diphtheria & Tetanus Toxoids & Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed
Vaccine components see http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/components-DTaP.htm
Product Name: Tetanus & Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed for Adult Use
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed USP by Sanofi Pasteur Inc
Product Name: Diphtheria & Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed by Sanofi Pasteur Ltd
Product Name: Smallpox Vaccine, Dried, Calf Lymph Type
Dryvax is a freeze-dried calf lymph smallpox vaccine. It is the world's oldest smallpox vaccine, created in the late 19th century by American Home Products, a predecessor of Wyeth. By the 1940s, Wyeth was the leading US manufacturer of the vaccine and the only manufacturer by the 1960s. After world health authorities declared smallpox had been eradicated from nature in 1980, Wyeth stopped making the vaccine.
a vaccinia virus vaccine that is a freeze-dried calf lymph smallpox vaccine, specifically, Dryvax is a live-virus preparation of vaccinia prepared from calf lymph.
Product Name: Influenza Virus Vaccine, Trivalent, Types A and B
Product Name: Influenza Virus Vaccine, Live, Intranasal
Product Name: Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine
Product Name: Hepatitis A Vaccine, Inactivated
A bacterial vaccine that prevents Neisseria meningitidis infection.
Product Name: Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated (Monkey Kidney Cell)
Influenza Virus Vaccine H5N1 (Sanofi Pasteur Inc)
Product Name: Influenza Virus Vaccine, H5N1 (for National Stockpile)
WEB: http://atomicnewsreview.org/2009/10/22/approval-for-the-arepanrix%E2%84%A2-gsk-vaccine-in-canada/
Product Name: Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Inactivated
Product Name: Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
Product Name: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Vaccine, Live
A Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine that is live attenuated and manufactured by Merck & Co, Inc.
Product Name: Measles and Mumps Virus Vaccine, Live
A Measles-Mumps vaccine that is manufactured by Merck and used for human.
Product Name: Meningococcal Polysaccharide (Serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucm176044.htm
Meningococcal Polysaccharide (Serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine
Product Name: Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, Groups A, C, Y and W-135 Combined
Product Name: Rubella Virus Vaccine Live
Fluzone High-dose
an influenza vaccine that is similar to Fluzone but has high dose.
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM305079.pdf
Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine (Novartis)
Product Name: Diphtheria & Tetanus Toxoids & Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (recombinant) and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined
Product Name: Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Meningococcal Protein Conjugate)
Product Name: Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Inactivated Poliovirus and Haemophilus b Conjugate (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate) Vaccine
Plague Vaccine by Greer Laboratories Inc
Product Name: Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent
Product Name: Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated (Human Diploid Cell)
Product Name: Pneumococcal 7-valent Conjugate Vaccine (Diphtheria CRM197 Protein)
Product Name: Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Virus Vaccine Live
A Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Vericella vaccine that is live and manufactured by Merck & Co, Inc.
WEB: http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/p/proquad/proquad_pi.pdf
Fluzone intradermal
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM305080.pdf
Product Name: Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral, Pentavalent
Intravesical TICE BCG has been used as a therapy for, and to prevent recurrence of, tumors in patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder, and to prevent recurrence of Stage Ta T1 papillary tumors of the bladder at high risk of recurrence. Refernce URL: http://www.ticebcg.com/Consumer/aboutTice/index.asp
Product Name: Typhoid Vi Polysaccharide Vaccine
Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed by Aventis Pasteur Inc
Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed by MA Biologic Lab
Product Name: Hepatitis A Inactivated and Hepatitis B (Recombinant) Vaccine
Product Name: Varicella Virus Vaccine Live
Product Name: Typhoid Vaccine Live Oral Ty21a
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Yellow fever virus.
Product Name: Zoster Vaccine, Live, (Oka/Merck)
an adjuvant role that inheres in a vaccine component which is added as part of a vaccine and induces enhanced adaptive immune response to the vaccine antigen.
Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur)
A vaccine that targets against a bacterial disease.
a virulence of vaccine organism that shows an attenuated pheontype of the organism as the major component of a vaccine.
A vaccine that prevents or treats cancer. It is produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.
a processed material that is output of the vaccine preparation and part of a vaccine.
an organismal quality of a whole organism vaccine where the whole organism is inactivated/killed and lacks the capability of replication.
PERSPN: Oliver He: There has been hot discussion about whether we use 'vaccine function' or 'vaccine role'. Vaccine role may not be the good term to use. Vaccine is designed to be 'vaccine', so it should be vaccine function. One special case is cowpox virus. The cowpox virus can be mixed with some liquid like water and used as a smallpox vaccine. In this case, people often say: the cowpox virus has a 'vaccine role'. However, the cowpox virus vaccine is a processed material of a mix of the virus with water. The virus is a virus, it is not a vaccine per se. Therefore, vaccine role may not be an accurate term.
vaccine function is a function that inheres in a vaccine that induces protective immune response against a disease. It is realized in the immunization process in the host.
a route of administration that inject the material(such as vaccines, allergens) directly into a muscle.
rounte of administration that located in nose.
Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine (CSL Limited)
Page 73, Chapter 6, Vaccine, 5th Edition. EXPERT CONSULT by Plotkin SA., et. al. 2008
a role inheres in a material entity, that has been added into a vaccine's formulation by the manufacture for a specific purpose. For example: adjuvant to enhance the effect of immunogen, perservatives, stablizers and those materials added for affecting PH and isotonicity.
Product Name: Meningococcal Polysaccharide (Serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine injection 0.5mL vial
Meningococcal Polysaccharide (Serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine injection 0.5mL vial
a Varicella-zoster virus vaccine that is live attenuated.
WEB: http://www.who.int/vaccines/en/pneumococcus.shtml
a pneumococcal vaccine that is formed using polyvalent polysaccharides
The most common form of the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine is called the protein-polysaccharide combinations which is known as conjugate vaccines and contain 7–11 selected polysaccharides bound to a protein carrier. The protein-polysaccharide combinations are able to induce a T-cell dependent immune response. These vaccines are likely to be protective even in children under two years of age, and may reduce pneumococcal transmission through a herd effect.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinia
a Smallpox virus vaccine that uses vaccinia virus
Vaccinia virus is well known for its role as a vaccine that helped eradicate the smallpox disease, making it the first human disease to be successfully eradicated by science.
preventive vaccine function is a vaccine function realized by the process of vaccination and leading to induction of an adaptive immune response to the antigens in a vaccine, which protects against a specific disorder.
protein of pathogen organism as vaccine component
chicken ovalbumin egg protein allergen
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovalbumin
a chicken egg protein allergen where the protein allergen is ovalbumin, the main protein found in egg write, making up 60-65% of the total protein.
typhoid live oral vaccine
a S. typhi vaccine that is live and orally administerred
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization
Active immunization is an immunization process that entails the introduction of a foreign molecule into the body, which causes the body itself to generate adaptive immunity against the target.
artificial active immunization is an active immunization that occurs when a person or animal is vaccinated with a specific vaccine.
induction of adaptive immune response to antigen
induction of adaptive immune response to antigen is an active immunization process that results in induction of adaptive immune response to some antigens, for example, in a vaccine.
disorder prevention is a processual entity that prevents a disorder that is the physical basis of a disease.
disorder treatment is a processual entity that leads to treat a disorder that is the physical basis of a disease.
modification of adaptive immune response to antigen
modification of adaptive immune response to antigen is an active immunization process that results in modification of an adaptive immune response to some antigens, for example, in a therapeutic vaccine.
a route of administration that is loacted in the hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) region.
a human who has been administrated a vaccine
The therapeutic vaccine function is a function realized by the process of vaccination and leading to induction of an adaptive immune response to the antigens in a vaccine, which ameliorates a specific disorder.
CDISC has a codelist: Rout of Administration. Desription from CDISC: The course by which a substance was administered in order to reach the site of action in the body. CDISC_SDTM_Route_of_Administration_Terminology
a path that is located in gross anatomical part of an organism (e.g., human) and is used for administering a vaccine, a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance into the body.
vaccine preservative that has thimerosal as part.
H1N1 Influenza vaccine is an Influenza virus vaccine that is used to vaccinate against H1N1 Influenza subtype vaccine.
a vaccine component that is chemical substance added to vaccine and enhance and direct immune response to protective antigen. Many of vaccine adjuvants cause a range of serious side-effects.
immunization objective is the specification of an objective to achieve immunization.
vaccine preparation is a manufacturing process to produce a vaccine.
A vaccine that targets against a viral disease.
vaccine role
a role that inheres in a prepared material entity that is designed to induce protection or treatment for a disease or infection.
vaccine component role
a role that inheres in a material entity that becomes an ingredient of a vaccine.
conjugate vaccine role
a vaccine role that indicates the vaccine being a conjugate vaccine.
licensed vaccine role is a regulation-assigned role that indicates that a vaccine obtains official approval for commercial production and selling on the market.
A bacterial vaccine that protects against infection with Clostridium spp.
a Clostridium vaccine that protects against infection with Clostridium tetani that causes tenanus.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with influenza virus.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Hepatitis B virus.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Hepatitis A virus.
A bacteria vaccine that prevents against Yersinia pestis infection that causes plague.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Rabies virus.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Smallpox virus.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Measles virus.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Rotavirus.
A bacterial vaccine that protects against infection with Haemophilus.
Haemophilus influenzae serotype b vaccine
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Poliovirus.
A viral vaccine that protects against infection with Japanese encephalitis virus.
a vaccine against human papillomavirus infection
a Herpesvirus vaccine that is used against Varicella-zoster virus infection.
a Salmonella vaccine against typhoid fever (or called typoid), caused by Salmonella enterica enterica, serovar Typhi.
a Streptococcal vaccine that is used against S. pneumoniae infection, which causes pneumococcal diseases.
A Measles-Mumps vaccine that also protects against infection with Rubella virus.
A Corynebacterium diphtheriae vaccine that also protect against infection with Clostridium tetani.
A bacterial vaccine that protects against infection with Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes Diphtheria.
A Measles virus vaccine that also protects against infection with Mumps virus.
A Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine that also protects against Vericella.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Poliovirus vaccine
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Poliovirus-Hepatitis B vaccine
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Poliovirus-Haemophilus b vaccine
a viral vaccine against Hepatitis B virus and at the same time against bacterial H. influenzae serotype b.
A bacterial vaccine that prevents infection with Vibrio cholera.
BCG Vaccine is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine that is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette Guerin; BCG).
a licensed vaccine role that indicates the vaccine occurs in USA.
a vaccine additive that helps to protect the vaccine from adverse conditions such as the freeze-drying process (for those vaccines that are freeze-dried) or heat.
Finn TM and Egan W, in Vaccines fifth edition, 2008. Page 75.
a vaccine residual that is generatead from cell culture for vaccine preparation. Examples include: antibiotics, sensitizing substances, bacterial and cellular residuals, and adventitious agents.
Finn TM and Egan W, in Vaccines fifth edition, 2008. Page 78-81.
a licensed status that occurs in Canada.
Influvac is an Influenza virus vaccine that is manufactured by Solvay Pharma.
Vaxigrip is an Influenza virus vaccine that is manufactured by 'Sanofi Pasteur Limited.
a mineral salt vaccine adjuvant that is composed of aluminum salt.
Aluminum vaccine adjuvant is a vaccine adjuvant that is composed of some aluminum compound.
P73 Chapter 6, Vaccine 5th edition by Plotkin, S. et al.
The CFR requires that, with certain defined exceptions, preservatives must be added to mulitdose vials of vaccine. (P73 Chapter 6, Vaccine 5th edition by Plotkin, S. et al.)
a role inhers in a vaccine component that when added into a vccine formmulation, it can prevent the growth of bacteria or fungi that inadvertently may be introduced into the vaccine during administrating process or the manufacturing process.
a route of administration that located in the mouth
a route of administration that inject the material(such as vaccines, allergens) into the skin itself.
vaccine allergen is a material entity that is capable of stimulating a type-I hypersensitivity reaction in atopic individuals who has been vaccinated with a vaccine.
bovine albumin cell culture residual in vaccine
a cell culture residual in vaccine that is bovine albumin.
bovine serum cell culture residual in vaccine
a cell culture residual in vaccine that is bovine serum.
a vaccine stablizer that is based on monosodium glutamate.
human albumin cell culture residual in vaccine
a cell culture residual in vaccine that is human albumin.
human serum cell culture residual in vaccine
a cell culture residual in vaccine that is human serum.
a vaccine stabilizer that is a polysorbate 20. It encourages the suspension of one liquid in another and has mild toxicity.
Potential Acute Health Effects: Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Reference: http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926640
a vaccine emulsifier that uses polysorbate 80, also known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate or Tween™ 80.
Tween 80 is an amber-colored, viscous liquid with a slightly bitter taste. The product is a derivative of sorbitol and oleic acid.
WEB: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-polysorbate-80.htm
vaccine residual protein from cell culture
a cell culture residual in vaccine that is residual protein from cell culture.
Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol that the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, changing the aldehyde group to a hydroxyl group. Sorbitol is found in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is synthesized by sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and converted to fructose by succinate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme complex that participates in the citric acid cycle. (wikipedia)
a vaccine stabilizer that is specifically made by sorbitol.
sucrose albumin cell culture residual in vaccine
a cell culture residual in vaccine that is sucrose albumin.
yeast extract cell culture residual in vaccine
a cell culture residual in vaccine that is from yeast extract.
yeast protein cell culture residual in vaccine
a cell culture residual in vaccine that is yeast protein.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Haemophilus b vaccine
A Measles virus vaccine that is also used against Rubella virus infection.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Poliovirus-Haemophilus b-Hepatitis B vaccine
Flublok
Flucelvax
FluMist Quadrivalent
Tetanus Toxoid (for Boost use Only) by Sanofi Pasteur Inc
WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM142732.pdf
a tetanus vaccine manusfactured by Sanofi Pasteur Inc. that is only for booster use (not recommended for primary immunization)
bacterial vaccine organism live attenuated
a live attenuated quality of a bacterial vaccine strain.
viral vaccine organism live attenuated
a live attenuated quality of a virus vaccine strain.
a vaccination that occurs in the intramuscular route.
capsular polysaccharide of pathogen organism as vaccine component
a role of host that contains vaccine. It is a role that inheres in an organism that is the target of a vaccine administration (vaccination process).
The objective that intends to produce vaccine via the vaccine preparation process.
Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine (IDB)
vaccination process that occurs in intradermal route.
vaccination process that occurs in intranasal route
vaccination process that occurs in oral route.
vaccination process that occurs in the subcutaneous route
a role inheres in the vaccine component when it is added into vaccine's formulation, it tends to stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stablity.
a role inheres in vaccine component when added into vaccine's formulation, it tends to inhibit the reaction between two or more other vaccine substances in the final vaccine formulation; it also helps to protect the vaccine from adverse conditions such as the freeze-drying process or heat.
The conjugate protein is a part of a conjugate vaccine and acts as a carrier protein that is covalently attached to a vaccine antigen with poor antigenicity (e.g., a polysaccharide). A conjugate protein is able to induce T-cell-dependent immune responses and stimulate the production of immune memory.
role inheres in a material eneitity that union itself chemically with a relative weak vaccine antigen to form a new whole that can create an effective miinuogen. The
epicutaneous (application onto the skin), e
Administration of a drug by the way of absorption through the skin, usually for systemic action. The route allows sustained therapeutic plasma drug levels and avoids first pass effect. Simplicity of administration tends to result in high patient compliance.
The injection of a given substance directly into the bladder via a urethral catheter instead of being injected under the skin.
BCG Vaccine (Freeze-Dried) (by Sanofi Pasteur)
Product Name: Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
A Measles-Rubella vaccine that is live attenuated and manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.
Trade Name: Inactived Poliomyelitis Vaccine - IPV
todo: Proteins + killed viruses + conjugate
todo: Proteins + killed virus + conjugate
Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, Groups A & C, Menomune A/C
Trade Name: Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, Groups A & C, Menomune A/C
A live attenuated V. cholerae vaccine that is manufactured by Berna Biotech, Ltd. This vaccine uses the V. Cholera strain CVD 103-HGR.
todo: Proteins, killed virus + conjugate
A MMR vaccine that is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.
A Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Vericella vaccine that is live attenuated and manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.
todo: Recombinant protein + killed virus
todo: assign parent immunogen: Typh-I + (HA)
A vaccine that protects against Haemophilus influenzae.
Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) vaccine
A vaccine that protects against Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV).
*Subdivision of face which consists of the nasal skeleton, nasal septum and nasal cavity.
1a: The part of the face that bears the nostrils and covers the anterior part of the nasal cavity; broadly: this part together with the nasal cavity.n1b: The anterior part of the head at the top or end of the muzzle: snout, proboscis.n2: The vertebrate olfactory organ.
1a: The part of the face that bears the nostrils and covers the anterior part of the nasal cavity; broadly: this part together with the nasal cavity.n1b: The anterior part of the head at the top or end of the muzzle: snout, proboscis.n2: The vertebrate olfactory organ.[accessedResource: BTO:0000840][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
1a: The part of the face that bears the nostrils and covers the anterior part of the nasal cavity; broadly: this part together with the nasal cavity.nb: The anterior part of the head at the top or end of the muzzle: snout, proboscis.n2. The vertebrate olfactory organ.
Any sense organ (FBbt:00005155) that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050907).
Any sense organ (FBbt:00005155) that functions in (some) detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050907).[accessedResource: FBbt:00005157][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
Any sense organ (FBbt:00005155) that has function 'detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050907)'.
Nose[accessedResource: FMAID:46472][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
chemosensory sensory organ[accessedResource: FBbt:00005157][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
olfactory system[accessedResource: TAO:0001149][accessDate: 05-04-2011]
A state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexican state of Baja California.
A state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is located on the Pacific coast between Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern boundaries respectively.
A state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It borders New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, touches Colorado, and has a 626 km international border with the States of Sonora and Baja California in Mexico.
A state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia to the south and west, Pennsylvania to the north, and Delaware to the east.
A state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north.
A state in the United States of America, in the extreme northwest portion of the North American continent. The state is bordered by Yukon Territory and British Columbia, Canada to the east, the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and Chukchi Sea to the west, and the Beaufort Sea and the Arctic Ocean.
A state in the southern region (Deep South) of the United States. It borders Georgia to the south and North Carolina to the north.
A state in the New England region of the United States. By land Rhode Island borders Connecticut to the west and Massachusetts to the north and east. Rhode Island also shares a water border with New York to the southwest.
State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
A state in the northwestern region of the United States. Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, on the southwest by Utah, and on the west by Idaho.
A state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north. To the east, it borders the Atlantic Ocean.
A state in the Midwestern region of the United States. The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba to the north.
A state located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Canada to the north, and New Jersey to the east.
A state located in the South Central region and Southern Region of the United States of America. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.
The Northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Its northern border lies mostly along the 49th parallel, and then via marine boundaries through the Strait of Georgia, Haro Strait and Strait of Juan de Fuca, with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. Washington borders Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming most of the boundary and the 46th parallel forming the eastern part of the southern boundary. To the east Washington borders Idaho, bounded mostly by the meridian running north from the confluence of the Snake River and Clearwater River, except for the southernmost section where the border follows the Snake River. To the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean.
A state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania. New Jersey lies within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York and Philadelphia.
A state located in the South Central United States. The Rio Grande, Red River and Sabine River form natural state borders, Oklahoma on the north, Louisiana and Arkansas on the east, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas to the south.
A State located in the north-central part of the United States. Wisconsin is bordered by the Montreal River; Lake Superior and Michigan to the north; by Lake Michigan to the east; by Illinois to the south; and by Iowa and Minnesota to the west. The state's boundaries include the Mississippi River and Saint Croix River in the west, and the Menominee River in the northeast Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee.
A state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state borders New York to the west and south (Long Island by sea), Massachusetts to the north, and Rhode Island to the east. Portions of southwestern Connecticut are considered part of the New York metropolitan area.
A state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, New Hampshire to the southwest, the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast.
A state in the Western United States. To the north, Montana and Canada share a 877 km border. The state borders the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. To the east, the state borders North Dakota and South Dakota. To the south is Wyoming and to the west and southwest is Idaho.
Georgia is bordered on the south by Florida; on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina; on the west by Alabama and by Florida in the extreme southwest; and on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. The northern part of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range in the vast mountain system of the Appalachians. The central piedmont extends from the foothills to the fall line, where the rivers cascade down in elevation to the continental coastal plain of the southern part of the state.
A state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Delaware is located in the eastern section of the Delmarva Peninsula, between Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay. Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania; to the east by the Delaware River, Delaware Bay, New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west and south by Maryland.
A state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast. Much of the land mass of the state is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico to the west and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.
A midwestern state of the United States of America. The Northeastern border of Illinois is Lake Michigan. Its eastern border with Indiana is all of the land west of the Wabash River, and a north-south line above Post Vincennes, or 87deg31min30secW. Its northern border with Wisconsin is fixed at 42deg30minN. Its western border with Missouri and Iowa is the Mississippi River. Its southern border with Kentucky is the Ohio River. Illinois also borders Michigan, but only via a water boundary in Lake Michigan.
A Midwestern state of the United States of America. Michigan consists of two peninsulas that lie between 82deg30minW to about 90deg30minW longitude, and are separated by the Straits of Mackinac. With the exception of two small areas that are drained by the Mississippi River by way of the Wisconsin River in the Upper Peninsula and by way of the Kankakee-Illinois River in the Lower Peninsula, Michigan is drained by the Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence watershed. The Great Lakes that border Michigan from east to west are Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. The state is bounded on the south by the states of Ohio and Indiana, sharing land and water boundaries with both.
A state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and the District of Columbia to the north and east; the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina and Tennessee to the south; by Kentucky to the west and by West Virginia to the north and west. Due to a peculiarity of Virginia's original charter, its boundary with Maryland does not extend past the low-water mark of the southern shore of the Potomac River, so Maryland and the District of Columbia contain the whole width of the river rather than splitting it between them and Virginia. The southern border is defined as the 36deg30min parallel north.
A state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia.
A state located in the Southern United States. The capital city is Nashville, and the largest city is Memphis. Tennessee borders eight other states: Kentucky and Virginia to the north; North Carolina to the east; Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi on the south; Arkansas and Missouri on the Mississippi River to the west.
A western state of the United States. Utah has three distinct geological regions: the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, and the Colorado Plateau.
A state in the Appalachian, Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia on the southeast, Kentucky on the southwest, Ohio on the northwest, and Pennsylvania and Maryland on the northeast. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
A Midwestern state of the United States. Ohio's southern border is defined by the Ohio River (with the border being at the 1793 low-water mark on the north side of the river), and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohio's neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, and West Virginia on the southeast.
A state located in the southwestern region of the United States.
A state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.
A state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.
A state located in the Deep South of the United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. Mississippi is bordered on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the south by Louisiana and a narrow coast on the Gulf of Mexico, and on the west, across the Mississippi River, by Louisiana and Arkansas.
A state in the Midwest region of the United States. Missouri is bounded on the north by Iowa; on the east, across the Mississippi River, by Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee; on the south by Arkansas; and on the west by Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska (the last across the Missouri River).
A state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Louisiana is bordered to the west by the State of Texas; to the north by Arkansas; to the east by the State of Mississippi; and to the south by the Gulf of Mexico.
A state in the central region of the United States of America. Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north; Missouri on the east; Oklahoma on the south; and Colorado on the west.
A state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east; the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; the northern boundary is a line along 43 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude. The southern border is the Des Moines River and a line along approximately 40 degrees 35 minutes north.
A midwestern state of the United States of America. Indiana is bounded on the north by Lake Michigan and the state of Michigan; on the east by Ohio; on the south by Kentucky, with which it shares the Ohio River as a border; and on the west by Illinois. Indiana is one of the Great Lakes states.
A state located in the East Central United States of America. Kentucky borders on seven states, from both the Midwest and the Southeast. West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast.
A state located in the southern region of the United States. Arkansas shares a border with six states, with its eastern border largely defined by the Mississippi River. Arkansas shares its southern border with Louisiana, its northern border with Missouri, its eastern border with Tennessee and Mississippi, and its western border with Texas and Oklahoma.
A state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America.
A state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America.
A state located in the western region of the United States of America. Nevada is almost entirely within the Basin and Range Province, and is broken up by many north-south mountain ranges. Most of these ranges have endorheic valleys between them, which belies the image portrayed by the term Great Basin. The southern third of the state, where the Las Vegas area is situated, is within the Mojave Desert.
A state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Western United States.
A state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America.
A state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. Idaho borders six states and one Canadian province, but does not border the Pacific Ocean at any point and is not, as such, a coastal state. The states of Washington and Oregon are to the west, Nevada and Utah are to the south, and Montana and Wyoming are to the east. The province of British Columbia, to the north, also shares a small (77 km) border with Idaho.
A state located in the southern region of the United States of America. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west.
A public research university located in the city of College Park in Prince George's County, Maryland.
example to be eventually removed
metadata complete
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
organizational term
term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
ready for release
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
metadata incomplete
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
uncurated
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
pending final vetting
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
to be replaced with external ontology term
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
requires discussion
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
axiom holds for all times
Minatoba government Public Health division
Rite Aid
Costco
Walgreens
Have you had a disorder in the last month that caused brain or nerve damage such as stroke or convulsion?
GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals
Massachusetts Public Health Biologic Lab
Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University