WRITE ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: v1.0.0
creator: Katarina Lučić
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
created: 2024-02-05T00:00:00
modified: 2025-01-09T00:00:00
subject: "Chinese calligraphy", "contemporary calligraphy", "contemporary arts", "visual arts", "graffiti", "performing arts", "decorative and applied arts"
version: 1.0.0
comment: This ontology is designed to represent the intangible cultural heritage of Chinese calligraphy as it appears in contemporary artworks, alongside the broader tangible cultural heritage of contemporary arts. The WRITE ontology provides a structured way to describe artworks, their contextual elements, and the calligraphy integrated within them. Additionally, it facilitates the identification of similarities and differences between contemporary and traditional calligraphy, enabling a deeper understanding of their evolution and artistic connections.
comment: The ontology was developed with input from domain experts, all of whom are members of the WRITE project team. To learn more about the project, please visit: https://writecalligraphyproject.eu/.
contributor: Valentina Pasqual (former contributor on the core draft v0.1.0)

affiliated to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Organisation
range: Organisation
comment: Indicates a close relation between two organisations (e.g., research centre and university).

architect
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Artistic Collective
range: Person
comment: Architect or architectural firm responsible for designing a building or other structure.

artistic collective type
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Artistic Collective
range: Thing
comment: Indicates the type of artistic collective (e.g., graffiti crew, dance company, architectural firm, etc.).

artwork type
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Traditional Artwork
range: Thing
comment: Indicates the type of the artwork (e.g., calligraphic work, installation, print, etc.).

author
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Literary Work
range: Thing
comment: Main creator of a written work.

background color
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: Thing
comment: Background color(s) of the Calli-Writing Unit.

based on
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: Thing
range: Literary Work
comment: Literary work on which the Calli-Writing unit is based.

calligrapher
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
range: Person
comment: Calligrapher who participates in a performing arts event (e.g., performance, musicalligraphy, etc.).

character form
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: Thing
comment: Form of the Chinese character present in a Calli-Writing unit.

Chinese concept
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Performing Arts
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Concept
comment: Philosophical, literary, cultural, social or other concept or notion represented within the artwork.

Chinese visual element
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Performing Arts
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Concept
comment: Visual element or motif derived from Chinese culture that appears in the artwork.

color
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Thing
comment: Color(s) used in the making of an artwork or a Calli-Writing unit (for the latter, not to be confused with 'write:background-color').

commissioned by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Thing
range: Person
comment: Commissioner of the artwork (person or organisation).

composer
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
range: Person
comment: Person who composed the music for the performing arts event.

country of citizenship
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Country of citizenship of the person.

creator
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Series of Creative Works
domain: Traditional Artwork
range: Artistic Collective
range: Person
comment: Person or artistic collective that created the artwork.

creates artwork
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
range: Visual Arts
comment: Artwork created during a performing arts event (distinct from 'uses artwork').

curator
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Exhibition
range: Thing
range: Person
comment: Person responsible for curating the exhibition.

depicts
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
domain: WRITE collections
range: Thing
comment: Subject, theme, or entity visually and / or conceptually expressed in an artwork or a Calli-Writing unit.

designer
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Artistic Collective
range: Person
comment: Person or artistic collective responsible for designing a piece of decorative and applied art.

exhibited artist
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Exhibition
range: Person
comment: Artist(s) whose artworks are displayed in the exhibition.

exhibited artwork
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Exhibition
range: Performing Arts
range: Visual Arts
range: Series of Creative Works
range: Decorative and Applied Arts
comment: Artwork(s) displayed in the exhibition.

exhibition history
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Exhibition
comment: Exhibition(s) where an artwork or series of artworks was exhibited.

field of study
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Academic field of study of the person. Specify only subjects related to the field of arts, without indicating the degree obtained.

gender
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Indicates the gender of the person.

graffiti genre
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
range: Concept
comment: Provides the classification of a graffiti piece by genre.

graffiti style
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
range: Concept
comment: Indicates the visual style applied in the creation of a graffiti artwork.

graffiti type
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
range: Concept
comment: Indicates a specific type or category of graffiti, defined by its form or medium.

has member
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Artistic Collective
domain: Organisation
range: Person
comment: Individual(s) who are members of an artistic collective or organisation.

has unit
type: ObjectProperty
domain: WRITE collections
range: Calli-Writing Unit
comment: Links an artwork to its corresponding Calli-Writing unit(s).

inspired by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Performing Arts
domain: Visual Arts
range: Thing
range: Literary Work
comment: Object or entity that inspired the creative, artistic work (e.g., literary work, human, place, event).

instrument
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
range: Thing
comment: Musical instrument(s) used during a performing arts event.

language
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: Thing
comment: Language(s) used in the creation of a Calli-Writing unit.

location
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Artistic Collective
domain: Graffiti
domain: Performing Arts
domain: Organisation
domain: Exhibition
range: Thing
comment: Indicates a specific geographical location (such as a building, city, or country) where an event took place, an artwork is located, or an organisation / artistic collective is based.

location of creation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Series of Creative Works
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Thing
comment: Indicates the city or country where a specific artwork was created.

manufacturer
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Thing
comment: Manufacturer or producer of a decorative and applied arts piece.

material
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
domain: WRITE collections
range: Thing
comment: Material(s) used for creating an artwork, including both primary materials (e.g., ink, paint, clay, stencils) and supporting surfaces (e.g., paper, canvas, wall, train, human body).

native language
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Native language(s) of the person (n.b.: for languages other than native, use 'other language').

occupation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Work or profession in which a person is engaged.

organisation type
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Organisation
range: Thing
comment: Provides the classification of an organisation.

organiser
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
domain: Exhibition
range: Artistic Collective
range: Person
range: Organisation
comment: Person or organisation responsible for organising an event (e.g., exhibition, performing arts event).

other language
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Language(s) that the person speaks, writes or signes (n.b.: for native language(s), use 'native language').

other visual element
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Thing
comment: Non-Chinese visual element (motif) that appears in the artwork.

part of series
type: ObjectProperty
domain: WRITE collections
range: Series of Creative Works
comment: Connects the artwork to the series it belongs to.

performer
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
range: Artistic Collective
range: Person
comment: Person or artistic collective who took part in a performing arts event as a performer, including roles such as dancer, musician, singer, or actor.

performing art type
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
range: Concept
comment: Indicates the specific type or genre of a performing art.

place of birth
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Place of birth of the person.

place of death
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Place of death of the person.

product type
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: Thing
comment: Indicates the typology of a decorative and applied arts piece.

relevant activity location
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
range: Thing
comment: Relevant place(s) where the person performs his / her activity.

right holder
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Visual Arts
range: Artistic Collective
range: Person
range: Organisation
comment: Person who holds the rights of the artwork.

script style
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: Concept
comment: Indicates a specific form / style of the Chinese script used in a Calli-Writing unit.

tag of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: Artistic Collective
range: Person
comment: Tag that represents a name of the artist / crew or a symbol.

tool
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
domain: WRITE collections
range: Thing
comment: Tool(s) employed in the creation of the artwork (n.b.: for materials, use 'material').

uses artwork
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Performing Arts
domain: Visual Arts
range: Visual Arts
comment: An already-existing artwork incorporated into a performing arts event or used in the creation of another artwork (n.b.: for new artworks produced during a performing arts event, use 'creates artwork').

wikidata resource
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Artistic Collective
domain: Person
domain: Organisation
domain: Exhibition
domain: Series of Creative Works
domain: Literary Work
domain: Traditional Artwork
domain: WRITE collections
range: Thing
comment: Wikidata resource which identifies the record.

writing system
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: Thing
comment: Characters, alphabet or other system of writing used in a Calli-Writing unit.

accuracy
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Literary Work
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: string
comment: Accuracy indicator for character count in the Calli-Writing unit and date of creation of the literary work (allowed value: 'circa').

attributed title
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: string
comment: Title attributed to the Calli-Writing unit (to use without language tag).

big characters calligraphy
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: string
comment: Indicates the presence or absence of big calligraphic characters in the Calli-Writing unit (allowed values: 'Present', 'Not present').

calligraphic line
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: string
comment: Indicates the presence or absence of a calligraphic line within a Calli-Writing unit (allowed values: 'Present', 'Not present').

calligraphic training
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: string
comment: Indicates the type of calligraphic education the person has (allowed values: 'Familial', 'Self-Taught', 'Academic', 'School', 'Not present', 'Present (not specified)').

date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Performing Arts
range: date
comment: Date in which a performing arts event occurred.

date of birth
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: date
comment: Date of birth of the person.

date of creation
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Artistic Collective
domain: Graffiti
domain: Organisation
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Literary Work
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
domain: Traditional Artwork
range: date
comment: Date when the artwork, the literary work, the artistic collective or the organisation was created (n.b.: for performing arts, use 'date').

date of death
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: date
comment: Date of death of the person.

described at URL
type: DatatypeProperty
range: anyURI
comment: Link to the website where the resource is described.

described by source
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: Bibliographic source(s) of the resource.

description
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: Textual description of the resource.

directionality
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: string
comment: Direction of the writing within a Calli-Writing unit (allowed values: 'Traditional', 'Modern', 'Free', 'Unidentifiable').

duration
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Performing Arts
range: duration
comment: Duration of the performing arts event.

end time
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Exhibition
domain: Series of Creative Works
range: date
comment: Date when the event finished.

has chengyu
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Graffiti
range: string
comment: Indicates the presence or absence of the four-character traditional Chinese idiomatic expression (allowed values: 'Yes', 'No').

has colophon
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: string
comment: Indicates the presence or absence of a colophon, which typically includes the time or date when the artwork was completed, the name of the artist, and the location (allowed values: 'Yes', 'No').

has seal
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
domain: Traditional Artwork
range: string
comment: Indicates the presence or absence of a seal, typically square-shaped and red-coloured, which serves as the signature of the artist (allowed values: 'Yes', 'No').

height
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: string
comment: Height of the artwork.

name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Artistic Collective
domain: Person
domain: Organisation
range: string
comment: Name of the person, artistic collective, or organisation. For a person, provide the name and surname without a language tag. For an artistic collective or organisation, provide the name in @en, @zh-Latn, and @zh, if applicable.

notes
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: Notes of any kind related to the item (private use only).

number of characters
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: integer
comment: Number of Chinese characters in a Calli-Writing unit.

official website
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Artistic Collective
domain: Performing Arts
domain: Person
domain: Organisation
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Exhibition
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: anyURI
comment: Link to the official website of the resource.

price
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: string
comment: Published price listed or paid for the artwork, to be complemented with the currency (e.g., 100 EUR).

pseudonym
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: string
comment: Pseudonym of the person (n.b.: the same rules for the 'name' apply).

significance
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: string
comment: Indicates whether the content of a Calli-Writing unit is meaningful, meaningless, or illegible (allowed values: 'Meaningful writing', 'Set of lines (meaningless)', 'Set of signs (illegible)').

start time
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Exhibition
domain: Series of Creative Works
range: date
comment: Date when the event started.

street address
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Graffiti
range: string
comment: Street address where the graffiti piece was created (include any relevant location details).

tag
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: string
comment: Signature of the graffiti writer (n.b.: multiple values are possible, each accompanied by a language tag).

title
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Exhibition
domain: Series of Creative Works
domain: Literary Work
domain: Traditional Artwork
domain: WRITE collections
range: string
comment: Title of the artwork, literary work, exhibition, or series of creative works (n.b.: multiple values are possible, each accompanied by a language tag).

transcription and translation
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Literary Work
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: string
comment: Transcription and translation of the content of a Calli-Writing unit or (a section of) a literary work (n.b.: multiple values are possible, each accompanied by a language tag).

vectorised or digitised
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Calli-Writing Unit
range: string
comment: Indicates whether the artwork or the Calli-Writing unit have been vectorised or digitised (allowed value: 'Yes').

width
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Graffiti
domain: Visual Arts
domain: Decorative and Applied Arts
range: string
comment: Width of the artwork.

Artistic Collective
type: Class
comment: Group of artists from diverse disciplines (e.g., calligraphers, graffiti writers, dancers, etc.) collaborating to create collective artistic works of any kind.

Calli-Writing Unit
type: Class
comment: In an artwork, a content unit featuring elements of calligraphy and / or writing, in a form of meaningful writing, set of signs and / or set of lines.

Decorative and Applied Arts
type: Class
subclass of: WRITE collections
comment: A class that includes artworks from the WRITE collection specifically categorised under Decorative and Applied Arts.

Exhibition
type: Class
comment: Exhibition showcasing one or more artworks (or artworks' series) from the four WRITE collections.

Graffiti
type: Class
subclass of: WRITE collections
comment: A class that includes artworks from the WRITE collection specifically categorised under Graffiti.

Literary Work
type: Class
comment: Literary work (in whole or in part) that serves as the basis or inspiration for a Calli-Writing unit, or the creation of an artwork.

Organisation
type: Class
comment: Organisation involved in the production / commissioning of an artwork or the organisation of an exhibition.

Performing Arts
type: Class
subclass of: WRITE collections
comment: A class that includes artworks from the WRITE collection specifically categorised under Performing Arts.

Person
type: Class
comment: This class represents individuals who engage in creative, artistic, or organisational roles (such as calligraphers, musicians, dancers, singers, graffiti writers, authors, creators, organisers, curators, and others).

Series of Creative Works
type: Class
comment: Class that represents a set of related artworks that might be included in the four WRITE collections.

Traditional Artwork
type: Class
comment: Artwork that follows traditional calligraphic canons and / or is created before 1980. This artwork does not belong to any of the four WRITE collections, but it is somehow related to one or more artworks from these collections.

Visual Arts
type: Class
subclass of: WRITE collections
comment: A class that includes artworks from the WRITE collection specifically categorised under Visual Arts.

WRITE collections
type: Class
comment: The superclass that encompasses artworks from four distinct types of art (Decorative and Applied Arts, Graffiti, Performing Arts and Visual Arts). There are four WRITE collections, one for each art category.