---
layout: page
title: Parsing Exercises | Part 2
parent: Parsing Exercises
date: 2020-06-24
---

1. TOC
{:toc}

notation:

- `A` >> `B`, `B` << `A` (conjunctions): the conjunction `A` has higher precedence than `B`
- `if1`, `and2`, `you4`, etc.: when a word appears more than once we name them by appending a number, starting at 1 in the order of appearance.
- 3-7 (clauses / phrases): if a sentence is broken down into clauses or phrases, a refernce in the form `M-N` (M to N) means the verbatim chunk of the sentence starting at clause M and ending at N. e.g., in *if A then B otherwise C* `A-C` would not include the `if`
  
also:

- These notes haven't been cleaned up (or the cleanup is minimal).
- In the code blocks (s-expressions) I use `--` for comments.
- those comments often get crossed out, which `looks ~crossed out~ like this`. they don't actually show being crossed out tho.


## Ex1: I work hard and I play hard.

```
(and :: conj
    (work :: verb
        I :: noun
        hard :: adj
        )
    (play :: verb
        I :: noun
        hard :: adj)
)
```

<pre class="mmd">
graph TD
  and --- work
  work --- i1
  work --- h1
  h1[hard]
  i1[I]
  
  and --- play
  play --- i2[I]
  play --- h2[hard]
</pre>

## Ex2: Farting or belching is mildly impolite.
```
(is :: verb
    (or :: conj
        Farting :: ~noun - gerund~ no, adjective? - participle
        belching :: ~noun~ adj/participle
    )
    (impolite :: noun? no, adjective
        mildly :: adverb | -ly -> (adjective -> verbal adverb? )
    )
)
```

> to re-cover again: adjectives appling to adjectives

> note: `fart` is a noun. so as a verbal it doens't make sense to be an adjective. <br>
> sounds like a good trick for remembering

## Ex3: I went to a fancy university, yet I’m still quite ignorant.
```
(yet :: conj
    (went :: verb
        (to university :: infinitive version of university :: noun
            a :: mod (adj? determinate)
            fancy :: adj
        )
    )
    (am I (ignorant::adj still::adv quite::adv)))

    -- wrong, initial answer below
    (am :: verb (tricky one)
        (I :: noun -- does still go here?
            still :: adj
        )
        (ignorant :: adj
            quite :: adverb
        )
    )
)
```


## Ex4: I write because I like good ideas.
```
(because :: conj
    (write :: verb 
        I :: noun)
    (like :: verb
        I
        (ideas :: noun
            good :: adj))
)
```


## Ex5: The bully hit my buddy and me pretty hard.
```
(hit :: verb
    (bully the)
    (and (buddy my) me)
    (hard pretty))
```


## Ex6: I seriously think that Ayn Rand was wise.
```
(that :: conj
    (think :: v
        I :: noun
        seriously :: adverb)
    (was :: v
        Ayn Rand :: n
        wise :: n)
)
```

* that -- what is that? can be tonnes
* I can't tell the difference between the sentences (with and without 'that')
* complementizer? https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/177128/necessity-of-that-as-a-conjunction
* introduces *tensed clause* -- so the whole clause is ni the past, not the state of rand being wise i.e. she'd still be wise if she were alive.
* using emphasis trick (emphasising *was* in each option) doesn't make it clearer :/
* heh from xmasthat.html: "I'll attempt, though, to set out a succinct set of guidelines, but you needn't implant them. Implants are notorious for falling out when you need them."

moving on


## Ex7: Don’t chew quickly while your mouth is open.
```
(while :: conj,subordinating 
    (do :: v
        (chew :: v
            quickly :: adverb,participle) (?)
        not :: adverb
    )
    (is :: v
        (mouth :: n
            your :: mod,det)
        open :: n
        )
    )
```


## Ex8: My daughter likes big dogs, but my son likes adorable cats.
```
(but :: conj,coordidnating
    (likes
        (daughter my::reference.adjective)
        (dogs big))
    (likes
        (son my)
        (cats adorable))
)
```


## Ex9: If universities are full of uncurious professors, don’t attend one.
```
(if :: conj
    (do :: verb
        (attend :: v -- is 'do' or attend as root of verbphrase?
        -- attend - aux/helper verb
            one :: noun)
        not :: mod
    )
    (are :: v
        universities :: noun
        (full :: adj
            (of :: preposition
                (professors :: noun
                    uncurious :: adj)
            )
        )
    )
)
```



    only here for convenience: (proper version at top)
    notation:
    - `A` >> `B` | `B` << `A` (conjunctions): the conjunction `A` has higher precedence than `B`

## Ex10: After you throw a small, red ball, while you sing, you should stamp your feet loudly, and you should clap your hands energetically, if it’s still daytime.

Note: this is not how ET structured it - see [Tutorial 4]

```
(after :: conj.subordinating
    (while :: conj.subordinating
        (throw :: v
            you :: n
            (ball :: n
                a :: adj,determiner
                small :: adj
                red :: adj
            )
        ) :: clause
        (sing::v
            you::n
        )
    )
    (if :: conj,subordinating
        (is :: v
            it :: n
            daytime :: noun
            still :: adverb  -- putting adverb here
                             -- makes compilation easier
        ) :: clause
        (and :: conj,coordinating
            (should :: v
                you :: n,pronoun
                (stamp :: v
                    your :: adj,det
                    feet :: n
                    loudly :: adverb
                ))
            (should :: v
                (clap :: v
                    your :: adj,det
                    hands :: n
                    energetically :: adv
                    ))
            )
    )
)
```

After you throw a small, red ball, while you sing, you should stamp your feet loudly, and you should clap your hands energetically, if it’s still daytime.

clauses:

1. you throw a small, red ball,
2. you sing,
3. you should stamp your feet loudly,
4. you should clap your hands energetically,
5. it’s still daytime.

in this sentence `if` >> `and`. consider *3, and 4, if 5*: The comma before `if` makes it more specific: ((3 and 4) if 5).

consider *3, and 4 if 5*, then (3 and (4 if 5)), thus `if` << `and` in this case, and not in the prior case.

> Note: I'm really not sure about this anymore, it's a deep rabbit hole.


### ET's structure (Max's conjecture of a principle: Conjunctions always have one non-conjunction child)


```
(after :: conj.subordinating
    (while :: conj.subordinating
        (if :: conj,subordinating
            (and :: conj,coordinating
                (should :: v
                    you :: n,pronoun
                    (stamp :: v
                        your :: adj,det
                        feet :: n
                        loudly :: adverb
                    )
                )
                (should :: v
                    [you] :: pronoun
                    (clap :: v
                        your :: adj,det
                        hands :: n
                        energetically :: adv
                    )
                )
            )
            (is :: v
                it :: n
                daytime :: noun
                still :: adverb  -- putting adverb here
                                 -- makes compilation easier
            ) :: clause
        )
        (sing::v
            you::n
        )
    )
    (throw :: v
        you :: n
        (ball :: n
            a :: adj,determiner
            small :: adj
            red :: adj
        )
    ) :: clause
)
```


[Tutorial 1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nUP-Xqh_Dw
[Tutorial 2]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOeWo2v3nhA
[Tutorial 3]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urGtEzrVJuM
[Tutorial 4]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdP4T9ZpEd0
[Tutorial 5]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJsE7Inzves
[Tutorial 6]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8j4zkEx37wI
[Tutorial 7]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKP0FI34oCg