Lillian Gewirtzman 0.619 2.233 TAPE FIVE Lillian Gewirtzman 2.442 5.355 AUGUST TWENTIETH, NINETEEN NINETY SIX Lillian Gewirtzman 6.238 7.531 INTERVIEW Lillian Gewirtzman 8.044 9.742 WITH ICEK MEKLER Lillian Gewirtzman 12.111 15.716 zent ir legal aroysgekumen fun Rusland Lillian Gewirtzman 15.79 18.146 keyn Poyln. vu zent ir ongekumen? Icek Mekler 18.102 20.391 ikh bin gekumen keyn Lemberg. Icek Mekler 21.105 22.55 in Lemberg Icek Mekler 22.928 24.677 hot men mir gegebn Icek Mekler 24.97 28.44 a UNK, heyst dos az keyner to mikh nisht TOUCHn. Icek Mekler 28.902 31.073 dem pas hot men mir tsugenumen Icek Mekler 31.264 36.219 oyf KOPERNIKA akhtsn. dortn hob ikh badorfn hobn mayn TRADE Icek Mekler 36.546 39.679 far m'hot bakukt bay mir. kh'hob a rusishn pas Icek Mekler 39.921 42.8 un ikh hob a, a rusish bikhl Icek Mekler 43.33 46.328 vos mayn arbet iz, vos ikh hob opgearbet Icek Mekler 46.671 48.859 un dos hot men mikh badorfn Icek Mekler 48.932 51.322 vayl m'hot oyfgeFIXED tsurik Icek Mekler 51.649 52.942 di shtet Icek Mekler 52.965 55.169 tsu BUILDING <LINE> hot men mikh badorfn. Lillian Gewirtzman 55.108 59.776 vi azoy hot oysgezen di situatsye fun yidn in Poyln ven ir zent tsurikgekumen? Icek Mekler 59.243 61.059 ven ikh bin tsurikgekumen Icek Mekler 61.133 64.063 iz zeyer geven vintsik yidn in Lemberg. Icek Mekler 64.795 70.391 eh f- ahinforndik iz geven a sakh. zey hobn oysgeharget a sakh yidn in Lemberg. Icek Mekler 70.988 72.486 un eh Icek Mekler 72.486 73.597 ven ikh Lillian Gewirtzman 72.608 76.258 ir hot zikh dervust vos hot pasirt mit, mit di yidn Lillian Gewirtzman 76.258 78.795 in Poyln ven ir zent tsurikgekumen? Icek Mekler 77.653 81.0 in nayntsn dray un eh, dray un eh Icek Mekler 81.0 83.27 dray un fertsik hob ikh gevust Icek Mekler 83.27 87.47 az me brent un me shikt, ven in di lagern zayendik, vos der daytsh Lillian Gewirtzman 86.057 90.337 ven zent ir ongekumen tsurik keyn Poyln? velekhs yor iz dos ge- Icek Mekler 89.365 91.741 fir un fertsikstn yor Icek Mekler 91.741 93.217 bin ikh arayngekumen Icek Mekler 93.217 94.567 in september. Icek Mekler 94.567 101.272 ven Poyln in Khelem hot men ongeshtelt a poylishn GOVERNMENT, OSOBKA-MORAWSKI un BIERUT Lillian Gewirtzman 100.215 103.061 dos iz geven eyder di krig hot zikh geendikt. Icek Mekler 103.523 106.436 zenen dokh geblibn shteyn bay di Vaysl Lillian Gewirtzman 106.577 107.701 un ir ze- Icek Mekler 106.611 111.313 es zenen nisht gegangen vayter di rusn, far di poyln hobn gezogt tsu di rusn Lillian Gewirtzman 110.121 114.266 un ir zent tsurikgekumen keyn Lemberg eyder di krig hot zikh geendikt. Icek Mekler 113.935 115.161 avade. Icek Mekler 115.538 120.341 zenen zey geblibn shteyn in, in Lublin, bay di, bay di Vaysl Icek Mekler 120.82 126.53 in Lublin iz nisht geven keyn Vaysl, zenen geshtanen bay SANDOMIERZ dortn, bay andere erter, un dortn Icek Mekler 126.53 128.49 hobn zey nisht gevolt vayter geyn, di rusn. Icek Mekler 128.49 129.92 zey hobn shoyn ongehoybn tsu yogn Icek Mekler 129.92 130.972 di DEUTSCHEN Icek Mekler 131.198 135.174 un zenen geblibn shteyn in Varshe. in Prage iz gevezn di rusn. Icek Mekler 135.94 139.596 bin ikh arayngekumen fun Lemberg UNK zen vi <dos> zet oys Icek Mekler 139.872 142.299 hot men genumen mayn, vos m'hot mikh Icek Mekler 142.299 145.772 kh'hob gehat azane gute dokumentn, PAPERS Icek Mekler 146.284 150.547 un m'hot dos tserisn. bin ikh geven oyf a bazar. kh'hob gezukht epes tsu esn Icek Mekler 150.638 153.006 iz tsugekumen di khevre. Icek Mekler 153.006 154.884 zey hobn gemakht an oblave Icek Mekler 155.177 156.571 vos ikh tu do. Icek Mekler 157.084 158.934 zog ikh "kh'hob do gekoyft." Icek Mekler 159.396 161.853 "vos" zogt er "geystu nisht FIGHTn? Icek Mekler 162.163 164.84 me darf zikh do arumshlepn oyf bazarn?" Icek Mekler 165.201 168.429 bin geven oyfn bazar in, in, in, in Lemberg. Lillian Gewirtzman 166.787 168.553 vos zhe hobn zey getun mit aykh? Icek Mekler 168.429 170.713 hobn tserisn mayne PAPERS Icek Mekler 171.411 173.413 un zey hobn mikh arayngeshtelt Icek Mekler 173.419 180.976 vos zey hobn farnumen mentshn. zey hobn oykh genumen mentshn vos zey hobn gearbet dortn. in Lemberg iz do LEGIONOW, a groys teater, un dortn gearbet Icek Mekler 180.976 183.554 arbetors, hot men zey oykhet aropgenumen. Icek Mekler 184.455 186.575 un m'hot mikh avekgefirt Icek Mekler 187.307 188.704 in a Icek Mekler 188.704 190.324 in aza punkt Icek Mekler 190.324 193.916 vu zey nemen tsunezamen di a- ale rekrutirers Icek Mekler 194.091 198.304 un zey TRAINen oys, un zey shikn zey keyn, oyfn front. Icek Mekler 198.377 199.417 di rusn. Icek Mekler 200.335 204.531 un ikh bin a- ongekukt, zog ikh, zen ikh hob azoy fil mitgemakht Icek Mekler 204.79 206.524 un vos hob ikh oyfgetun? Icek Mekler 206.524 208.175 yetst bin ikh in drerd. Icek Mekler 208.536 210.116 m'hot mikh UNK Icek Mekler 210.409 213.744 un <s'vet mir> UNK nisht zayn keyn lebediker aroys fun zey. Icek Mekler 214.105 216.495 zenen zey gegangen mit tsvey tog shpeter. Icek Mekler 216.619 218.604 m'hot undz gefirt in bod arayn. Icek Mekler 218.897 220.345 in Lemberg iz do Icek Mekler 220.345 222.334 ikh hob gekent Lemberg gut Icek Mekler 222.357 224.258 RZEZNICKI gas Lillian Gewirtzman 225.681 227.16 vu zent ir g- Lillian Gewirtzman 227.183 232.172 eh geven di gantse tsayt biz es hot zikh geendikt di krig? in Lemberg? Icek Mekler 231.908 232.745 NO. Icek Mekler 233.292 235.901 bin geven in Rodem. tsurik in Rodem <bin ikh> gekumen. Lillian Gewirtzman 235.603 237.942 ven zent ir geforn tsurik keyn Ro- Icek Mekler 236.768 239.58 NO, di krig hot zikh geendikt, in Lemberg bin ikh geven. Icek Mekler 240.261 241.284 Lemberg. Lillian Gewirtzman 240.396 243.883 ir gedenkt ven di krig hot zikh geendikt in, in Lemberg? Icek Mekler 241.678 242.532 ye Icek Mekler 243.568 245.654 in Lemberg, i- i- in Icek Mekler 246.083 250.194 azoy vi zey hobn ongehoybn tsuriktsuhakn zey bay di Vaysl Icek Mekler 250.69 254.025 zey hobn ibergerisn, UNK di rusn zenen geblibn shteyn Icek Mekler 254.267 255.9 di polyakn hobn gezogt Icek Mekler 255.9 257.787 az zey veln zikh aleyn bafrayen Icek Mekler 258.536 263.88 <m'zol> zey nisht tshepen, iz gegangen di DEUTSCHEN. zey hobn oysgeharget in Varshe efsher hundert toyznt polyakn Icek Mekler 264.409 266.124 un di rusn hobn ongehoybn Icek Mekler 266.215 273.898 tsuriktsugebn z- <dos> meyn tsu nemen, vayl zey hobn nisht gevolt geyn vayter m- zenen geshtanen a yor, mordevets enk aleyn, di r- di, di, di rusn. Icek Mekler 273.898 276.586 zenen geshtanen in Prage, zenen geshtanen in Lublin Lillian Gewirtzman 276.087 279.878 ober vu zent ir geven ven di krig hot zikh geendikt? Icek Mekler 279.681 283.674 di krig hot zikh UNK bin ikh geven in Lublin, dem tsvontsikstn JANUARY. Lillian Gewirtzman 283.613 286.442 vi zent ir gekumen fun Lemberik keyn Lublin? Icek Mekler 287.443 289.713 kh'hob zikh, kh'hob zikh registrirt Icek Mekler 289.713 293.313 als a poylishe birger. s'iz gezesn UNK a ukrainishn Icek Mekler 293.313 296.044 eh komisye, ukrainishe. Icek Mekler 296.067 300.685 zey hobn gezogt zenen ukraynishe, un s'iz gevisn- iz gezitsn a rusishe komisye. Icek Mekler 300.859 302.76 di ale vos zey hobn balangt Icek Mekler 303.525 304.666 polyakn Icek Mekler 304.842 306.523 fun Ukrayne Icek Mekler 306.715 308.399 mit beheymes Icek Mekler 308.399 310.269 mit ale hob un guts Icek Mekler 310.545 313.981 hobn zikh REGISTrirt, zenen arayngegangen keyn Poyln. Icek Mekler 314.258 317.104 fun Poyln, di ukrayner vos zenen geven. Icek Mekler 317.262 319.3 zenen, hot men arayngeshikt do. Icek Mekler 319.3 320.346 legal. Icek Mekler 320.346 322.486 zenen arayngekumen keyn Ukrayne. Icek Mekler 323.033 323.907 un Icek Mekler 323.907 330.03 Pshemishl iz gevezn demolts di rusishe poylishe grenets, hot men avekgeshtelt in Pshemishl. Icek Mekler 331.116 332.527 iz vos? Icek Mekler 332.871 334.67 in nayntsn Icek Mekler 334.677 339.187 hob ikh gezen, m'hot ikh farnumen, un m'hot mir tserisn alding, un m'hot mikh geshikt Icek Mekler 339.187 342.449 iz eh, iz bin ikh gegangen ale mol in bod arayn Icek Mekler 342.54 344.93 s'iz nisht geven keyn vanes vu zikh tsu vashn Icek Mekler 345.578 348.806 hob ikh gevust, RZEZNICKA gas hob ikh di bod. Icek Mekler 348.806 352.22 hot men undz ahingefirt RZEZNICKA gas zikh optsuvashn Icek Mekler 352.918 355.004 di, di, di rusishe Icek Mekler 355.838 357.35 eh hiters. Icek Mekler 357.458 359.308 bin arayngekumen in di bod arayn Icek Mekler 360.023 362.61 hob ikh shoyn gekent vu di aroysgang iz Icek Mekler 362.61 365.074 hob ikh zikh s- shtendik geshtupt der ershter Icek Mekler 365.074 368.117 bin gegangen in di bod. ikh bin aroys fun di BACK Icek Mekler 368.663 370.513 un ikh bin aroyfgelofn oyf Icek Mekler 370.958 371.88 oyf Icek Mekler 375.48 380.756 tsu mayn vu ikh iberge- vu ikh hob ibergelozt mayne dokumentn, KOPERNIKA akhtsn. Icek Mekler 381.589 385.72 zog ikh d- "TOVARISHCH PIVOVAROV, khaver PIVOVAROV Icek Mekler 385.72 388.688 m'hot mir tsugenumen, m'hot mir tserisn di Icek Mekler 389.048 393.952 di d- ale PAPERS mayne, <volt> dokh gevolt zolst mir gebn tsurik dem pas mayne." Icek Mekler 394.718 396.365 mir gegebn dem pas Icek Mekler 397.047 401.192 un ikh bin aroyf demolst, un ikh hob zikh REGISTERED tsu forn Icek Mekler 401.721 403.537 keyn Lublin. Icek Mekler 404.235 409.612 hobn zey mir gegebn, zogn zey du darfst vartn. zey hobn nisht gevust az ikh bin eyn un eyntsik aleyn. Icek Mekler 410.58 412.295 zog ikh "ikh bin aleyn." Lillian Gewirtzman 412.065 416.277 tsk un azoy nokh zent ir gekumen keyn, tsurik keyn, keyn, keyn Lublin? Icek Mekler 415.677 422.235 horkh oys. bin ikh tsurikgekumen keyn Lublin. in Lublin bin ikh keyn mol nisht geven. bin ayngekumen keyn Lublin, bin ikh gegangen in Perets's hoyz Icek Mekler 422.443 423.956 CZWARTEK fir Icek Mekler 424.198 428.538 iz gevezn a gantse akhsanye, shoyn dortn geven efsher an akht hundert mentshn Icek Mekler 428.538 430.588 bloyz undzere khevre, yidn Icek Mekler 431.488 433.23 KILINSKIEGO dray Icek Mekler 433.23 435.21 iz geven oykh aza hoyz Icek Mekler 435.387 440.038 oyfgeshtelt mit betn un mit alding, vos zenen dokh geven dortn oykhet yidn. Icek Mekler 440.905 443.391 bin gegangen dortn oyf di Icek Mekler 443.391 446.721 LUBARTOWSKI gas, di MAIN gas Icek Mekler 446.777 449.938 shoyn yidishe restoranen, a yidisher beker Icek Mekler 449.938 452.592 hot geheysn <SZTOLKA>. ikh fleg arayn UNK Lillian Gewirtzman 451.266 454.23 un dos iz ales far di ende fun der milkhome? Icek Mekler 453.375 457.084 far di ende. m'iz dokh geshtanen bay di Vaysl, bay di Vaysl. Icek Mekler 457.084 462.38 di rusn hobn nisht gevolt arayngeyn. lomir zey oyshargenen dortn. ets vilts enk aleyn bafrayen, bafrayts enk. Icek Mekler 462.96 463.932 un Icek Mekler 464.074 466.923 fertsntn JANUARY nayntsn Icek Mekler 466.923 468.405 finef un fertsik Icek Mekler 468.681 470.902 hobn di rusn ongehoybn tsu klapn Icek Mekler 470.959 474.463 UNK hob ikh gezen, m'hot oyfgehongen in MAJDANEK Icek Mekler 474.773 475.723 finef Icek Mekler 475.723 476.69 DEUTSCHEN. Icek Mekler 477.304 481.112 zey zenen geven di administratsye un bukhhalter kholyeres Icek Mekler 481.337 485.752 hob ikh geleyent in droysn az zey geyen dem un dem tog zey hengen Icek Mekler 486.349 488.553 bin ikh ahin oyfn MAJDANEK Icek Mekler 488.61 492.502 m'hot genumen etlekhe <derman ikh> a droshke, veys a droshke? HORSE AND BUGGY. Lillian Gewirtzman 491.007 493.195 ir zent geforn tsu MAJDANEK? Icek Mekler 492.88 495.675 akht kilometer unter Lublin iz MAJDANEK Lillian Gewirtzman 495.765 500.652 un ir hot gezen vi azoy der lager hot oysgezen in MAJDANEK? Icek Mekler 496.913 498.611 kh'hob gezen vi m'hot zey oyfge- Icek Mekler 499.63 500.698 YEAH. Icek Mekler 500.698 506.72 bin geven in lager. ikh hob gezen dem gantsn lager. m'hot oyfgemakht ale, ale tirn vu nokh m'hot gebrent Icek Mekler 506.72 511.94 ontuekhts iz do gelign, un mener, m- froyen ontuekhts do un kinder UNK do Lillian Gewirtzman 511.257 516.769 ir hot gevust demolt vu es iz ayer mishpokhe? ir hot shoyn gehert az, ver se lebt un ver nisht? Icek Mekler 515.779 520.389 mayn vayb hob ikh keseyder geshribn az ikh kum keyn Rodem, for ikh nisht in ergets. Icek Mekler 520.389 522.039 do blayb ikh shteyn. Icek Mekler 522.039 524.025 in Rodem gey ikh nisht in ergets Lillian Gewirtzman 522.799 524.868 un vu iz dos vayb geblibn? Icek Mekler 524.402 526.32 zi iz geblibn in SAMARKAND. Lillian Gewirtzman 525.988 527.011 aleyn? Icek Mekler 526.9 529.341 zi hot gehat a bruder, a tate Icek Mekler 529.6 531.349 un a shvester Lillian Gewirtzman 530.41 535.028 un ir hot gevust vos s'iz UNK gevorn mit ayer mishpokhe in Poyln? Lillian Gewirtzman 535.033 536.377 di muter? Icek Mekler 536.215 538.641 z- m'hot zey dokh avekgenumen ale Lillian Gewirtzman 538.037 540.09 ober ir hot gevust az m'hot z- Icek Mekler 538.641 543.532 m'hot dokh geleyent, m'hot dokh gehert alding vos kumt for, yeder zakh. Lillian Gewirtzman 542.644 546.705 ven hot ir dos gehert? ven ir zent geven in lager in Rusland? Icek Mekler 544.551 549.422 i- in, nokh in lager, nokh in nayntsn dray un fertsik, vos zey tuen mit di yidn Icek Mekler 550.322 554.162 mit TREBLINKA, me shikt avek di ale vos zenen nisht feik tsu arbetn. Lillian Gewirtzman 552.972 554.636 hot ir gevust dos. Icek Mekler 554.162 557.572 alts gevust, alts yede, yede shtikele. Icek Mekler 557.572 559.119 ikh hob gekent alem. Icek Mekler 559.119 562.449 ikh hob gekent fun Rodem vos iz geven di tsvey banditn Lillian Gewirtzman 561.156 564.84 ir hot gevust ver se lebt fun ayer mishpokhe un ver nisht? Icek Mekler 564.75 567.646 kh'hob nisht gevust. in Rodem bin ikh gevoyr gevorn. Lillian Gewirtzman 564.84 566.836 ir hot gevust velekhe brider e- Lillian Gewirtzman 567.231 573.89 zent ir gevu- geforn keyn MAJDANEK un gezen shpeter vi me hengt oyf di administrators fun di Icek Mekler 572.732 575.527 NO, dos zayendik in Lublin. Lillian Gewirtzman 575.331 577.535 zent ir geforn mit a droshke Icek Mekler 577.137 583.445 ye, mit a droshke. m'iz gegangen etlekhene khevre, m'iz aroysgegangen, hot men gezen es hengen finef petlye oyfgeshtelt Icek Mekler 583.445 586.954 mit azane slupes. s'iz untergekumen rusishe <TRUCKlekh> Icek Mekler 586.954 589.806 di polyakn, di BEZPIECZENSTWO hot dos gefirt. Icek Mekler 589.806 594.017 in yede TRUCK iz geshtanen aza khevre man, un gehaltn Icek Mekler 594.017 596.014 di MACHINE GUNS di kleyne Icek Mekler 596.796 599.906 un zey tsugefirt un aroyfgevorfn di petlyes Icek Mekler 599.906 605.166 un zenen avekgeforn, nor eyner hot nisht gevolt <gebn kopet>, iz gekrign a por hak fun dem vos hot gehongen Icek Mekler 605.166 609.429 hot onge<UNK> a maske mit eh, mit tsvey lekher, di oygn zol zen Icek Mekler 610.043 616.483 un dos iz gevezn eh, nokh dem iz untergekumen UNK in tsvontsikstn hob ikh gekrign a PRZEPUSTKA Icek Mekler 616.59 617.709 a Icek Mekler 617.709 622.659 a POZVOLENIYA arayntsuforn keyn Rodem, bin ikh oyfgegangen dortn in magistrat Lillian Gewirtzman 623.239 628.127 vi es zet oys UNK di situatsye in Rodem? vos hot ir getrofn ir zent gekumen ahin. Icek Mekler 623.29 624.634 in Lublin. Icek Mekler 627.07 632.346 in Rodem bin arayngekumen, iz gevezn a khurbn, bin geforn biz Pulov Icek Mekler 632.892 635.349 in Pulov hot mikh nisht gelozt aribergeyn Icek Mekler 635.862 637.914 far s'iz Lillian Gewirtzman 637.107 642.977 ober ven ir zent shoyn ongekumen keyn, keyn Rodem, ir zent gan in ayer hoyz kukn vi azoy se zet oys? Icek Mekler 638.95 640.378 keyn Rodem? Icek Mekler 642.19 646.352 vu iz geven tsu kukn? vu vos? Rodem iz nisht geven tsebrokhn Lillian Gewirtzman 644.113 645.879 dos hoyz iz geven? Icek Mekler 646.408 649.932 d- es zenen arayngekumen di rusn, hobn di DEUTSCHEN Icek Mekler 649.932 656.082 zenen nokh gezitsn in Rodem. zey hobn gehat yene brokh. zey hobn dortn opgeshnitn dortn bay Lodzh, bay Kinsk Icek Mekler 656.082 659.342 hot men opgeshnitn <un> Rodem ibergelozt mit di DEUTSCHEN Icek Mekler 659.342 665.406 hot men ongehoybn tsu shpringen vu es zenen geven di MOVIES un, un d- un teaters, zenen nokh <in der heym> UNK Icek Mekler 665.406 668.424 hobn zey gehat droshkes mit ale kholyeres Icek Mekler 668.481 673.031 un dortn hot men ongeshtelt MACHINE GUNS, dortn bay Kinsk, host gehert Kinsk? Icek Mekler 673.189 677.699 iz dortn, dortn hot men ongeleygt shvere tsendliker toyznter DEUTSCHEN Icek Mekler 677.699 681.109 zenen dortn gevorn geharget mit mashin gever, zenen zey geshtanen Icek Mekler 681.109 682.053 ongekumen Icek Mekler 682.053 684.557 droshkes mit polyakn hobn zey gefirt Icek Mekler 684.833 686.143 alts umgekumen. Lillian Gewirtzman 685.643 688.792 ayer hoyz iz nokh geshtanen ven ir zent tsurikgekumen? Icek Mekler 688.697 694.634 UNK tsenumen, tseleygt. der sh- d- bin ikh gegangen tsum besmedresh, tsu di shul in shul gas Icek Mekler 694.634 697.114 iz geven aropgehongen nokh shtrikles Icek Mekler 697.114 701.954 vos mentshn hobn gebetn, <zol> men zey araynvarfn epes esn mit aza pilkl ongebundn Icek Mekler 702.484 704.941 iz bin ikh gegangen dortn <vayter> Lillian Gewirtzman 705.066 708.958 un dos hoyz iz geven tsebrokhn? s'iz nisht geshtanen dos hoyz? Icek Mekler 706.737 710.595 tsebrokhn, tsenumen. tsenumen, tsebrokhn. ikh Lillian Gewirtzman 709.842 711.625 ver hot dos tsebrokhn? Icek Mekler 711.107 714.175 der, d- d- UNK arayngefaln a bombe Icek Mekler 714.175 715.455 shrapneln. Lillian Gewirtzman 714.313 716.821 vi azoy hot ir gefilt als a yid Lillian Gewirtzman 717.267 719.252 z- in Rodem nokh der krig? Lillian Gewirtzman 719.494 722.508 avoser gefil hot ir gehat tsu zayn dortn? ir hot ge- Icek Mekler 721.182 722.511 nokh arger. Icek Mekler 722.511 727.891 s'hot ongemakht a gantse brokh. hot ongemakht aza Toyvye FRIDMAN? du host gehert fun a Toyvye FRIDMAN? Icek Mekler 728.303 730.44 er iz geven der NAZI yeger. Icek Mekler 730.851 733.106 iz er gekumen tsu geyn keyn Rodem Icek Mekler 733.281 738.759 mit di BEZPIECZENSTWO. s'iz geven a bisl yidn in BEZPIECZENSTWO. veyst, a BEZPIECZENSTWO, hostu gehert? Lillian Gewirtzman 738.428 740.295 neyn. vos iz a BEZPIECZENSTWO? Icek Mekler 739.069 742.539 dos iz d- dos iz azoy vi poylishe N.K.V.D. Icek Mekler 743.929 745.576 zey zenen geforn. Icek Mekler 745.633 747.601 m'hot MOTORCYClekh gehat Icek Mekler 747.827 751.224 un zey hobn gemakht a shvaynerish lebn. ale hoteln Icek Mekler 751.224 753.013 mit ale kholyeres Icek Mekler 753.013 755.793 un zey hobn ongehoybn <aroystsunemen> di polyakn Icek Mekler 755.793 758.523 vos hobn, gevezn bay di DEUTSCHEN POLICE Icek Mekler 758.523 759.563 andere zakhn. Icek Mekler 760.045 762.84 un dos hot oyfgereytst di polyakn Icek Mekler 762.863 765.793 az di yidn zenen nokh arger vi alding Icek Mekler 766.17 768.931 un s'hot gemakht a groysn antisemitizm op. Lillian Gewirtzman 769.056 771.649 dos iz geven yidn, di BEZPIECZENSTWO? Icek Mekler 771.25 772.02 ye. Icek Mekler 772.11 774.686 nisht ken sakh. <helft> host gekent <tseyln>. Icek Mekler 775.418 777.504 m'iz gelof- m'iz gelofn Lillian Gewirtzman 775.468 776.508 un dos hot Lillian Gewirtzman 776.599 778.601 ver hot mit zey ongefirt? Icek Mekler 779.282 781.621 di poylish POLICE, di groyse. Lillian Gewirtzman 781.003 784.844 di poylishe POLICE hot ongefirt mit di yidn, es zoln geyn Icek Mekler 783.636 787.19 nisht keyn yidn, es iz geven a poyllishe BEZPIECZENSTWO. Lillian Gewirtzman 785.56 789.232 ver iz geven di BEZPIECZEN- far vos zhe zenen gevorn beyz oyf di yidn? Icek Mekler 789.289 798.969 far di eh <di yidn> zenen geven ineveynik. zey hobn geholfn oyszukhn di polyakn vos hobn gearbet bay di DEUTSCHEN als, als, als eh POLICE Lillian Gewirtzman 799.212 803.29 un vos zhe hot men, vos zhe iz gevorn vos zey zenen gevorn oyfgereytst oyf di yidn? Icek Mekler 802.519 809.077 vos iz gevorn? m'hot derharget dortn eynem a GUTMAN. zey hobn gemakht zikh a COOPERATION shnayderay Icek Mekler 809.775 813.11 un der GUTMAN hot gehat zayne fir mentshn geven Icek Mekler 813.825 816.598 un eh z- a yidisher Icek Mekler 816.598 822.206 LEUTNANT a rusisher iz aroyfgekumen dortn nekhtikn oykhet. s'iz geven keygniber di Icek Mekler 822.55 823.877 rusishe Icek Mekler 824.98 826.357 STAROSTVO Icek Mekler 826.38 829.9 veyst shoyn di, di MUNICIPAL iz dortn geven alding. Icek Mekler 829.9 833.61 di magistrat, <alding>. der rusisher komandant iz dortn oykh geven Icek Mekler 833.67 835.25 un di zayt Icek Mekler 835.628 839.722 hoyz iz gevezn a fir FLOORik hoyz, un zey hobn gevoynt ON THE TOP Icek Mekler 840.117 842.001 un zey hobn gemakht shnayderay Icek Mekler 842.749 844.112 iz zeyers Icek Mekler 844.112 847.974 dem man's a COUSIN iz bafrayt gevorn fun lager Icek Mekler 848.385 852.412 un a tsvontsik yor iz er alt geven, gebrengt zikh a meydl, hot zi geheysn Icek Mekler 853.279 854.285 APEL Icek Mekler 854.393 859.972 LOLA APEL, a Varshever, a sheyn meydele vi gold, un er a yunger BOY fun tsvontsik yor Icek Mekler 860.181 863.87 vu geyt men shlofn, zenen zey aroyfgegangen tsum COUSIN Icek Mekler 865.227 867.6 akht un fertsik Lubliner gas Icek Mekler 868.045 869.591 hobn zey khasene gehat Icek Mekler 870.103 874.045 s'iz shoyn a por yidn. zey hobn khasene gehat, zenen dortn aroyfgang ibernekhtikn. Icek Mekler 874.542 878.889 bay nakht hot ongeklapt, der rusisher LEUTNANT iz oykhet dortn geshlofn Icek Mekler 879.132 880.487 hot ongeklapt Icek Mekler 880.487 881.623 POLICE Icek Mekler 882.405 884.103 un m'hot zey ale geshokhtn. Icek Mekler 884.532 886.536 zey hobn gezogt es zenen POLICE Icek Mekler 886.536 888.052 zenen geven di A.K. Icek Mekler 888.835 890.179 m'hot zey ale geshokhtn. Lillian Gewirtzman 889.847 892.333 di poylishe A.K. hot zey Lillian Gewirtzman 892.333 895.224 zeyer aktiv funktsyonirt in Rodem demolt? Icek Mekler 895.18 900.472 SURE. m'hot zey, un vi nokh iz geven Kelts. m'hot eh, m'hot gemakht a bilbl Icek Mekler 900.647 904.927 az di yidn hobn farkhapt UNK a poylishn BOY tsu kh- nemen matse Icek Mekler 904.927 907.387 m- blut oyf matse oyf peysekh Icek Mekler 908.005 912.082 UNK s'iz geshtanen in droysn mayns a bakanter, KAHANE. Icek Mekler 912.122 915.98 er iz geven PRESIDENT ibern gantsn Keltser WOJEWODZTSWA Icek Mekler 916.493 917.975 dem gantsn okrug Icek Mekler 917.975 919.305 iz er geven. Icek Mekler 919.902 923.473 un ikh hob gehat mit mayn tokhter, vos iz geboyrn in Rodem Icek Mekler 924.171 925.734 hot er mir geholfn. Lillian Gewirtzman 925.96 928.738 ven iz dos vayb tsurikgekumen keyn Rodem? Icek Mekler 926.01 926.831 UNK Icek Mekler 928.373 929.48 ikh? Lillian Gewirtzman 929.25 930.408 ayer vayb? Icek Mekler 930.398 932.889 mayn vayb <hot> tsurikgekumen keyn Rodem oyf Icek Mekler 933.03 936.044 dem f- in finef un fertsikstn yor Lillian Gewirtzman 935.528 938.694 ven zent ir gekumen keyn Rodem? velekhn mon- Icek Mekler 937.384 940.905 in tsvontsikstn JANUARY fir, finef un fertsik. Lillian Gewirtzman 940.523 941.968 un dos vayb? Icek Mekler 940.911 944.955 un vayb iz ongekumen in finef un fertsikstn yor Icek Mekler 945.298 948.903 a vokh befor peysekh. dos hot gekent zayn ende MARCH. Icek Mekler 948.994 951.772 un zi hot geshvangert mit mayn tokhter demolts. Icek Mekler 953.112 955.046 iz zi geboyrn gevorn in Rodem. Icek Mekler 955.137 957.038 es hot zi ongenumen a heyvn Icek Mekler 957.111 958.303 a <mitvayb> Icek Mekler 958.512 959.867 hot zi ongenumen Icek Mekler 959.867 961.999 un zi iz krank gevorn demolst Lillian Gewirtzman 961.127 963.259 ven hot ir gefunen Lillian Gewirtzman 963.259 966.167 velekhe mitglider fun ayer mishpokhe Lillian Gewirtzman 966.274 967.584 eh lebn? Icek Mekler 967.776 973.642 mayn NEPHEW, ven ikh bin arayngekumen keyn Rodem, hot mir a, a, a kristn gezogt Icek Mekler 973.767 976.581 az dem un dem oyf di KOSCIELNA fir Icek Mekler 976.581 978.215 hot zi gezen a por yidn. Icek Mekler 978.66 982.94 bin gegangen oyf di gas. kh'hob gekukt in di penemer. kh'hob nisht gekent gefinen es zol zayn a yid Icek Mekler 983.115 985.842 bin ikh ahingekumen dortn, iz shoyn geven far nakht Icek Mekler 986.389 990.872 hob getre- CATCHED a bisl yidn vos zenen aroysgekumen fun di UNDERGROUND. Lillian Gewirtzman 990.372 992.56 hobn zey aykh gegebn a grus? Icek Mekler 992.245 994.368 hob ikh mayn NEPHEW gefunen. Icek Mekler 994.368 998.924 mayn NEPHEW hot <men ersht> gefunen. nokh dem hob ikh gefunen mayn bruder hot gevoynt in Pariz. Icek Mekler 998.924 1000.811 iz er avek fun MAUTHAUSEN Icek Mekler 1001.003 1002.853 er iz arayn keyn Pariz. Lillian Gewirtzman 1002.218 1003.95 velekher bruder iz dos? Icek Mekler 1003.332 1005.857 der vos er iz yetst shoyn nisht lang geshtorbn. Lillian Gewirtzman 1005.137 1006.852 vi hot er geheysn? Icek Mekler 1006.335 1007.69 PAUL, PAUL. Lillian Gewirtzman 1007.685 1009.226 un, un Icek Mekler 1007.69 1008.624 Peysekh. Lillian Gewirtzman 1009.226 1011.543 vos iz gevorn mit di andere brider? Icek Mekler 1011.921 1014.812 anderer bruder iz gevezn in Argentine Lillian Gewirtzman 1014.722 1015.863 velekher? Icek Mekler 1014.812 1015.526 in Icek Mekler 1015.718 1018.057 der Leybtsh- Leybl, Leybl Lillian Gewirtzman 1017.642 1019.593 un vos iz gevorn mitn Icek Mekler 1019.498 1023.44 mit dem yingstn iz umgegangen in Lillian Gewirtzman 1020.662 1021.702 mitn yingstn Icek Mekler 1023.885 1026.241 lebn MAUTHAUSEN, nisht vayt. Icek Mekler 1026.383 1027.777 er iz avekgekumen. Icek Mekler 1028.323 1031.371 gegangen. m'hot im, m'hot im, m'hot im likvidirt. Lillian Gewirtzman 1031.563 1035.033 m'hot aykh ongegebn a grus emetser derfun vos iz geven mit im. Icek Mekler 1033.723 1036.72 ye, fun di lagern, yo, UNK. Lillian Gewirtzman 1035.714 1038.29 un, un vos iz gevorn mit di shvester? Icek Mekler 1038.667 1041.951 mayn eltste shvester iz umgekumen mit beyde kinder Icek Mekler 1042.109 1043.284 mitn man Lillian Gewirtzman 1042.988 1043.91 vu? Icek Mekler 1044.338 1050.609 in, m'hot zi keyn TREBLINKA avekgeshikt. ale mentshn hot men avekgeshikt keyn TREBLINKA vos <zey zenen nisht geven> nisht arbet feik. Lillian Gewirtzman 1049.805 1053.748 ale fun ayer shtot zenen geven in TREBLINKA vos zenen geblibn? Lillian Gewirtzman 1054.378 1056.262 m'hot geshikt ale mentshn Icek Mekler 1055.155 1058.895 f- f- fun TREBLINKA iz keyner nisht geblibn, nor ikh hob eynem Lillian Gewirtzman 1057.888 1059.991 NO, NO, ikh meyn fun Rodem Icek Mekler 1059.542 1061.472 hot men ale avekgeshikt keyn TREBLINKA. Lillian Gewirtzman 1060.2 1061.932 <ale keyn> TREBLINKA Icek Mekler 1061.472 1065.062 ale eltere mentshn, nisht punkt fun Rodem, fun andere shtet oykhet. Lillian Gewirtzman 1063.862 1066.083 ayer muter un shtif foter? Icek Mekler 1065.668 1067.602 alts avek oyf TREBLINKA. Lillian Gewirtzman 1066.917 1069.189 un di sh- un eyne fun di shvester? Icek Mekler 1068.435 1072.575 fun di shvester, di, di, di shutfes shvester iz geshtanen mit di mame Icek Mekler 1072.575 1074.49 hot men zi gevolt aveknemen Icek Mekler 1074.49 1079.01 hot zi nisht gevolt geyn. "ikh gey mit di mame." iz zi oykhet avek keyn TREBLINKA. Lillian Gewirtzman 1078.729 1080.056 un di andere? Icek Mekler 1080.4 1086.452 di andere shvester iz geshtorbn in Yisroel. zi iz avek in nayntsn dray un draysik keyn Yisroel, Yakhed. Icek Mekler 1086.593 1088.544 iz zi geshtorbn in Yisroel Icek Mekler 1089.192 1092.521 in finef un fertsikstn yor ven ikh bin geven in STUTTGART Icek Mekler 1092.521 1093.961 hob ikh derhaltn Icek Mekler 1093.984 1095.362 az zi a- Icek Mekler 1095.402 1096.594 geshtorbn. Lillian Gewirtzman 1095.503 1098.855 vi hot geheysn di shvester vos zi iz umgekumen in TREBLINKA? Icek Mekler 1098.912 1102.314 TREBLINKA, di shvester hot geheysn Ester Rivke. Icek Mekler 1103.265 1104.71 tsvey kinder. Lillian Gewirtzman 1103.434 1106.33 un, un nokh dem hot ir farlozt Poyln. Icek Mekler 1106.623 1108.338 kh'hob farlozt Poyln. Icek Mekler 1109.34 1110.515 di UNRRA Icek Mekler 1110.657 1111.933 der JOINT Icek Mekler 1112.142 1114.113 UNK demolts aroysgegebn Icek Mekler 1114.113 1120.708 az di D.P.s in nayntsn nayn un fertsik, UNK D.P.s ken araynkumen, lebn zol er dortn UNK Icek Mekler 1121.052 1126.792 ikh hob nisht keyn UNK er hot getun, UNK a groyse HISTORY Icek Mekler 1126.792 1128.172 hob ikh fun EISENBERG Icek Mekler 1128.172 1131.612 oysgeroymt hayzer in STUTTGART un mikh arayngelozt Icek Mekler 1131.612 1133.685 di DEUTSCHEN UNK aroysgeyogt. Lillian Gewirtzman 1132.189 1138.494 un eh UNK ir zent UNK durkhgeyn a grenets legal tsi nisht legal, fun Lillian Gewirtzman 1138.652 1140.08 fun Poyln? Icek Mekler 1139.378 1142.032 fun Poyln bin ikh gegangen avek Icek Mekler 1142.032 1147.894 BRATISLAV umlegal. der BRICHA hot mir gegebn PAPERS fun roytn CROSS Icek Mekler 1147.984 1149.851 bin ikh arayngegangen Icek Mekler 1149.874 1151.353 <hot men> in Kroke Icek Mekler 1151.646 1153.277 Kroke mikh geshikt Icek Mekler 1153.333 1154.812 oyf BRATISLAV Icek Mekler 1154.903 1157.968 az s'zol tsukumen ver dortn oyf di BRATISLAVer Icek Mekler 1159.392 1161.698 oyf di TRAIN in droysn Icek Mekler 1162.564 1164.245 un zolstu zogn amkho. Icek Mekler 1164.606 1167.739 dos vort amkho iz gegangen fun di ale Icek Mekler 1168.015 1169.083 BRICHA Icek Mekler 1169.083 1170.118 unterGROUND. Lillian Gewirtzman 1170.057 1173.527 zent ir aroysgekumen durkh der grenets nisht legal. Icek Mekler 1173.094 1174.37 horkh oys Icek Mekler 1174.478 1179.45 d- kh'hob gevizn d- bay di poylishe, hob ikh, bin geve- az ikh gey aheym keyn Icek Mekler 1180.114 1182.15 keyn Grikhnland Icek Mekler 1182.46 1183.95 un mayn nomen Icek Mekler 1183.95 1189.713 ikh bin geven in Glogover lager, di ale rus- di ale, di grikhn zenen dortn geven Icek Mekler 1189.713 1191.752 ikh gey aheym keyn Grikhnland Icek Mekler 1191.825 1193.433 iz geven oyfgeshribn Icek Mekler 1193.433 1194.283 dos. Icek Mekler 1194.424 1196.392 un undzer redn iz geven Icek Mekler 1196.5 1203.69 <m'zol> nisht geyn tsunezamen. s'iz alts geven bazunder. bin ikh adurkhgekumen, ongekumen in BRATISLAV. in BRATISLAV zenen mir geforn keyn Budapest Icek Mekler 1203.69 1205.98 Budapest opgevezn a dray fir vokhn Icek Mekler 1206.034 1207.445 gelign oyf di FLOOR Lillian Gewirtzman 1207.148 1211.192 in velekhe eh D.P- ir zent geven in D.P. lagern? Icek Mekler 1210.962 1211.732 ye. Lillian Gewirtzman 1211.232 1213.217 nu, velekhe lagern? Icek Mekler 1212.852 1214.888 bin gevezn in WELS Lillian Gewirtzman 1215.147 1216.26 vu iz dos? Icek Mekler 1215.923 1217.269 dos iz Estraykh. Icek Mekler 1217.269 1218.667 SALZBURG Lillian Gewirtzman 1219.014 1220.574 un nokh dem? Icek Mekler 1219.618 1224.826 nokh SALZBURG hob ikh gekrign a dokument, ikh bin a daytsher birger, bin ikh arayngeforn keyn LANDSBERG. Icek Mekler 1225.153 1230.024 LANDSBERG hot men nisht gevolt onnemen. s'iz shoyn geven tsu fil mentshn, hot mikh arayngeshikt keyn FOHRENWALD. Icek Mekler 1230.098 1234.204 in FOHRENWALD bin ikh opgevezn a por vokhn, iz eyner tsugekumen tsu mir, zogt er Icek Mekler 1234.204 1237.196 vos tustu do? in STUTTGART iz do ale Rodemer Icek Mekler 1237.86 1243.811 zenen bafrayt gevorn dortn lebn, lebn STUTTGART iz do a sh- a, a lager WAIBLINGEN Lillian Gewirtzman 1242.636 1245.397 ven zent ir gekumen keyn Amerike? Icek Mekler 1245.184 1248.806 in nayn un fertsikstn yor bin ikh arayngekumen naket Icek Mekler 1249.065 1250.156 fun Icek Mekler 1250.5 1251.534 DEUTSCHLAND. Icek Mekler 1251.534 1252.771 fun STUTTGART. Lillian Gewirtzman 1252.643 1253.888 velekhn Lillian Gewirtzman 1253.888 1256.754 velekhn monat UNK Icek Mekler 1254.499 1258.239 eh tsvontsikstn JANUARY nayn un fertsik bin ikh arayngekumen. Lillian Gewirtzman 1259.848 1260.798 eh Lillian Gewirtzman 1260.798 1264.669 ir zent do gekumen mit der mishpokhe, mit der froy Icek Mekler 1264.185 1266.018 mit di froy mit mayn kind. Lillian Gewirtzman 1265.653 1267.756 un vi azoy heyst di tokhter? Icek Mekler 1267.341 1270.254 di tokhter heyst EVA, mayn tokhter, ye. Icek Mekler 1270.429 1273.258 vos di kleyne hot mitgemakht mit a DOCTOR Icek Mekler 1273.433 1275.536 un der DOCTOR hot zikh geshokhtn. Lillian Gewirtzman 1274.057 1276.906 EVA, EVA hot uhm Lillian Gewirtzman 1276.906 1278.05 kinder? Icek Mekler 1277.77 1279.148 a tokhter. Lillian Gewirtzman 1279.845 1281.425 eyn tokhter hot E- Icek Mekler 1280.149 1283.484 fun draytsn yor, ye. JULIA, JULIA. Lillian Gewirtzman 1281.482 1283.4 un vi azoy heyst zi? Lillian Gewirtzman 1283.592 1285.628 ayer eynikl heyst JULIA. Icek Mekler 1283.625 1284.716 JULIA. Icek Mekler 1284.857 1287.028 ye, sheyn meydele, ye. Lillian Gewirtzman 1286.95 1289.495 zogt mir, ven ir hot tselozn Lillian Gewirtzman 1289.495 1293.947 a, epes tsu zogn di hayntike yugnt, vos volt ir zey gezogt? Icek Mekler 1294.847 1299.363 di hayntike yugnt lebn a gantsn STANDARD OF LIVING a hekhere. Lillian Gewirtzman 1299.707 1301.712 ober avos UNK vos volt ir Icek Mekler 1300.315 1301.743 dos hot di zakh Lillian Gewirtzman 1301.712 1306.688 avoser khokhme fun lebn volt ir zey gelo- gevolt iberlozn Icek Mekler 1307.52 1308.504 di haynt- Lillian Gewirtzman 1307.571 1309.775 ven ir hot epes tsu zogn? Icek Mekler 1308.504 1310.366 di hayntike yugnt Icek Mekler 1310.592 1312.588 zenen g- voyle kinder Icek Mekler 1312.588 1313.909 alts fayn Icek Mekler 1314.321 1318.719 nor kenst nisht COMPAREn vos far a lebn undz hot men dortn gehat Icek Mekler 1319.181 1323.287 iz dos an ander sort lebn. ikh ken gornisht aroysbrengen Icek Mekler 1323.287 1324.679 dos lebn do Icek Mekler 1324.679 1327.157 darf ikh kushn di GROUND yedn tog. Icek Mekler 1327.99 1329.303 dos mazl Icek Mekler 1329.303 1333.046 hot mir gemakht az ikh zol lebn blaybn, aherkumen naket Icek Mekler 1333.339 1335.968 un dos vos ikh hob, hob ikh iber genug. Icek Mekler 1335.968 1337.057 iber genug. Icek Mekler 1337.057 1339.087 un ikh hob nakhes fun di kinder Lillian Gewirtzman 1340.19 1343.165 ikh vil aykh danken, ober ir hot mir tsugezogt Lillian Gewirtzman 1343.165 1345.854 tsu zingen a lif fun ayer heym. Lillian Gewirtzman 1346.333 1348.251 zingt dos far mir, bite. Icek Mekler 1349.37 1350.731 RADOM Icek Mekler 1351.176 1353.87 mayn shtetele Rodem Icek Mekler 1359.023 1362.476 mayn shtetele Rodem, bald UNK bald dermanen. Icek Mekler 1371.207 1376.668 UNK Icek Mekler 1378.429 1380.737 UNK Icek Mekler 1381.202 1382.237 UNK Icek Mekler 1385.922 1389.898 oy, ikh muz dos zingen, dos lidele, dos farmakhn dos Icek Mekler 1390.444 1392.378 di gantse portsye, ye. Icek Mekler 1392.469 1393.981 dos lidele iz Lillian Gewirtzman 1396.485 1399.533 az ir gedenkt nisht, muzt ir nisht gedenken. Icek Mekler 1399.202 1402.537 NO, ikh vil dos zingen. ikh vil dos zingen, dos. Icek Mekler 1408.922 1411.498 yedn oyf di nakht Icek Mekler 1411.774 1413.995 fraytik oyf di nakht Icek Mekler 1414.221 1417.657 flegt mayn mame likht bentshn Icek Mekler 1417.917 1421.826 un der tate <flegt> in shul arayngeyn Icek Mekler 1422.118 1427.225 flegn flegt er brengen farshidene mentshn Icek Mekler 1427.383 1432.861 un zmires flegt er zingen azoy sheyn. Icek Mekler 1433.323 1439.358 RADOM, RADOM, mayn shtetele Icek Mekler 1440.057 1445.09 oy, vi ikh benk nokh dir. Icek Mekler 1445.09 1449.81 a vigl oyf eyn shtrikele Icek Mekler 1449.945 1454.87 un a kleyn, tsebrokhn betele. Icek Mekler 1454.87 1459.31 oy, vi ikh benk nokh dir. Icek Mekler 1459.31 1465.27 RADOM, RADOM, mayn shtetele. shoyn. Lillian Gewirtzman 1465.639 1468.738 a sheynem dank, a yasher koyekh. Icek Mekler 1468.609 1469.736 THANK YOU. Icek Mekler 1469.736 1471.204 a sheynem dank. Icek Mekler 1471.204 1473.092 ikh bin zeyer tsufridn. Icek Mekler 1473.115 1474.661 zeyer tsufridn Icek Mekler 1474.802 1477.732 spn ikh hob mir aroysgebrengt mayn HISTORY Icek Mekler 1478.025 1479.453 un UNK Icek Mekler 1479.831 1482.052 mentshn veln mer hobn vos tsu leyenen Icek Mekler 1482.092 1484.381 nokh mayn doyres Icek Mekler 1485.113 1491.097 un mayne kinder veln mir oykhet zayn HAPPY, zey veln zen a bisl fun mayn HISTORY vos ikh hob mitgemakht. Icek Mekler 1492.167 1493.443 un spn Icek Mekler 1494.647 1497.425 un ikh kush do di GROUND yedn tog. Icek Mekler 1498.647 1501.56 do vos ikh bin ahergekumen naket Icek Mekler 1502.275 1504.479 un ikh hob a UNION <bay> mir haynt Lillian Gewirtzman 1504.772 1507.342 ikh dank aykh mitn gantsn harts. Icek Mekler 1504.789 1506.183 UNK Icek Mekler 1507.303 1510.621 un far dir darf dir gebn a kush a gutn.