title: 搭建Git服务器 tags: - Git number: 3 date: 2015-02-05 13:11:46 --- # 在服务器上安装git ### 1. 安装git sudo apt-get install git ### 2. 增加git用户 sudo adduser git ### 3. 将用户的公钥添加 cat id_rsa.pub >> /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys ### 4. 新建一个库 sudo git init --bare sample.git sudo chown -R git:git sample.git ### 5. 禁止git登陆 vim /etc/passwd 把`git:X:1001:1001:,,,:/home/git:/bin/bash`换为下面的 git:X:1001:1001:,,,:/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell git clone git@server:/srv/sample.git # 在客户端上安装git ### 1. 在windows下安装git [下载地址](http://www.git-scm.com/downloads) ### 2. 安装可视化界面(可选) [下载地址](https://code.google.com/p/tortoisegit/wiki/Download?tm=2) 鼠标邮件，选择“TortoiseGit”->“Settings”，在“User Info”输入Name和Email ### 3. 生成公钥在命令行和tortoisegit中稍有不同： **In shell** a. win+r --> Git Bash --> ssh-keygen.exe b. 一路回车，将生成“c:/Users/XXX/.ssh/id_rsa.pub” c. (公钥)把id_rsa.pub重命名为id_rsa.XXX.pub, 例如id_rsa.jiangyikun.pub d. (私钥)也已经生成到`c:/Users/XXX/.ssh/id_rsa`了 e. 将id_rsa.XXX.pub发送给git管理员 **In tortoisegit** a. 打开Puttygen，SSH-2 RSA，点击Generate b. 使用鼠标生成随机key c. (公钥)复制Key到id_rsa.XXX.pub d. (私钥)Save private key为XXX.ppk，并将Load Putty Key设为XXX.ppk e. 将id_rsa.XXX.pub发送给git管理员 ### (git管理员操作) 4.添加公钥的服务器以root权限登陆，注意是“>>”追加 ``` shell cat id_rsa.XXX.pub >> /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys # drwx------. 2 git git 4096 Apr 15 13:17 .ssh # -rw-------. 1 git git 1189 Apr 15 13:17 authorized_keys ``` 在客户端测试：ssh git@XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX，不再输入密码即可。 ### 5. 简单学习这是一个用于测试的repo你可以拿他来做做测试 a. 克隆仓库 git clone git@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/yikun/sample.git 或者使用tortoisegit，在某个文件夹，右键-->Git Clone...--> URL填写“git@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/yikun/sample.git”--> 输入密码 b. 修改文件并提交 1. 在sample目录下简历一个文件比如，XXX.txt 2. 右键 Git Commit -> "Master" 3. 填写Commit Message，并选择需要提交的文件，双击可以可视化的查看diff c. 点击push， ok ### 6. 学习git [Git教程](http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000) Enjoy it! :) ### 附： #### 1. 如何将一个现有的本地git库上传到服务器上？从现有repo新建server repo的时候(服务器) ``` shell mkdir newrepo.git cd newrepo.git git --bare init # Initialized empty Git repository in /yikun/newrepo.git/.git/ ``` 在现有的repo中（客户端） ``` shell cd newrepo.git git remote add origin git@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/yikun/newrepo.git git push origin master ``` #### 2. 如何克隆服务器上现有库？ ``` shell # 从服务器克隆 git clone git@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/yikun/newrepo.git # 修改并本地提交 git commit -am "commitmessage" # 上传至服务器 git push origin master ``` #### 3. 常见问题 1 **权限问题** ``` Counting objects: 179, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (176/176), done. fatal: Unable to create temporary file: Permission denied fatal: sha1 file '' write error: Broken pipe error: failed to push some refs to 'git@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/yikun/newrepo.git' git did not exit cleanly (exit code 1) (3261 ms @ 2015/2/5 11:17:39) ``` 可以试试： ``` shell chown -R git * chgrp -R git * ``` 2 **提交问题** ``` error: refusing to update checked out branch: refs/heads/master error: By default, updating the current branch in a non-bare repository error: is denied, because it will make the index and work tree inconsistent error: with what you pushed, and will require 'git reset --hard' to match error: the work tree to HEAD. error: error: You can set 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to error: 'ignore' or 'warn' in the remote repository to allow pushing into error: its current branch; however, this is not recommended unless you error: arranged to update its work tree to match what you pushed in some error: other way. error: error: To squelch this message and still keep the default behaviour, set error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'. ``` 可以试试： ``` shell git config 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' warn ``` ### 参考 [小组级git服务器搭建](http://blog.163.com/clevertanglei900@126/blog/static/111352259201011655837986/) [搭建Git服务器](http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/00137583770360579bc4b458f044ce7afed3df579123eca000)