system.owl
type: Ontology
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
comment: OLiA core concepts for linguistic annotations.
version info: 2008-01-13 created 2010-04-06 removed deprecated Category (equiv UnitOfAnnotation) category 2010-04-14 added AnnotationProcess (cf. DCR process directory) 2011-07-15 replaced base url by purl 2011-07-27 added hasTagMatching with full support for XSLT-style regular expressions 2013-06-27 added ISOcat reference for LinguisticAnnotation 2022-05-23 rdfs:labels added (automatically) Christian Chiarcos, chiarcos
version info: TODO: LinguisticAnnotation disjoint

has feature
type: ObjectProperty
domain: linguistic annotation
range: feature
comment: A UnitOfAnnotation or a Relation can carry Features that express annotations attached to them. By convention, (tags that represent) Features can be linked with Feature individuals, as well. Because of this reflexivity, a predicate like hasDegree(positive) allows to retrieve the individual positive as well. (This is necessary if positive represents a tag on its own, rather than being a property of a complex tag.)

has source
type: ObjectProperty
domain: relation
range: unit of annotation
comment: A Relation is a directed edge between a source and a target concept.

has target
type: ObjectProperty
domain: relation
range: unit of annotation
comment: A Relation is a directed edge between a source and a target concept.

has tag
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: linguistic annotation
comment: Assigns a Linguistic Annotation a String representation, e.g., a particular Part of Speech tag, the respective abbreviation of the grammatical cases used in an annotation scheme, etc. implicit semantics: hasTag is to be used if the tag is equal to the string value, otherwise use hasTagContaining, hasTagStartingWith, hasTagEndingWith

has tag containing
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has tag
comment: As opposed to hasTag proper, the string representation defines a substring of a concrete annotation. The respective linguistic annotation then applies to every element whose annotation (tag) contains this substring.

has tag ending with
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has tag
comment: As opposed to hasTag proper, the string representation defines the final subsequence of a concrete annotation. The respective linguistic annotation then applies to every element whose annotation (tag) ends with this substring.

has tag matching
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has tag
comment: hasTagMatching is a subproperty of hasTag, so that results can be retrieved if the regular expression match is requested, but an exact value with reserved characters is defined
comment: hasTagMatching allows to provide regular expressions as those used in XSLT and XPath, see http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-operators/#func-matches

has tag starting with
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has tag
comment: As opposed to hasTag proper, the string representation specifies only the beginning of a concrete annotation. The respective linguistic annotation then applies to every element whose annotation (tag) startsWith this substring.

has tier
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: linguistic annotation
comment: Assigns a linguistic annotation a string representation of the annotation layer ("tier", "level") where it is to be found, e.g., "pos" for Part of Speech annotation, "gloss" for linguistic glosses, etc.

annotation process
type: Class
version info: DCR annotation and editing operations ignored, e.g., add first vowel http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2199
version info: categories for annotation and editing operations added to account for the "Processes" profile in the DCR

feature
type: Class
subclass of: linguistic annotation
comment: UnitsOfAnnotation and Relations can be described in a more detailed way by the features that are attached to them, e.g., case, number, or aspect. Features are, however, not subject to further annotations (by means of hasFeature), they are thus disjoint from Relations and UnitsOfAnnotation.

linguistic annotation
type: Class
comment: label: Text attached to an element
comment: Linguistic annotations pertain to either structural entities (words, tokens, constituents, sentences => UnitOfAnnotation), relations between these (dependency, dominance, coreference, etc. => Relation), or grammatical features attached to these (case, gender, number, agreement, tense, mood, aspect, ... => Feature).

relation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has source
    min cardinality: 1
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has target
    min cardinality: 1
subclass of: linguistic annotation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has source
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has target
  cardinality: 1
comment: Between instances of two Categories, a Relation can be established that links these together, e.g., a dominance relation (constituent X is grammatical subject of sentence Y), a dependency relation (token X is a modifier of token Y), a discourse relation (discourse unit X is in contrast to discourse unit Y), an anaphoric relation (referring expression X is coreferent with referring expressing Y), an alignment relation (word X expresses the same meaning as word Y). Note that Relation and UnitOfAnnotation are not disjoint, because in some approaches, establishing a Relation between two concepts entails that a structural entity is formed, consisting of Relation and the Categories connected by the Relation, e.g., in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann and Thompson 1987).

unit of annotation
type: Class
subclass of: linguistic annotation
comment: A UnitOfAnnotation is a structural entity that can be annotated, e.g., a word, token, constituent, or another types of markable. Word classes, etc., are then modelled as indirect children of UnitOfAnnotation. The division between Features and classes of UnitsOfAnnotation follows conventional standards.