The Addiction Ontology (AddictO) is an ontology being developed all aspects of addiction research.
2022-09-27
BFO OWL specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
Really of interest to developers only
BFO OWL specification label
BFO OWL specification label
BFO CLIF specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Really of interest to developers only
BFO CLIF specification label
BFO CLIF specification label
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
example
example of usage
A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
IAO:0000112
uberon
example_of_usage
example_of_usage
example of usage
example of usage
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
OBI_0000281
has curation status
has curation status
definition
definition
textual definition
English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition.
2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
DEFINITION
definition
definition
textual definition
The official definition.
url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/iao.owl
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi>
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>
IAO:0000116
uberon
editor_note
editor_note
editor note
editor note
definition editor
term editor
Name of editor entering the definition in the file. The definition editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The definition editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition editor
definition editor
term editor
term editor
alternative label
alternative term
A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like.
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
OBO Operations committee
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related).
alternative label
alternative term
alternative term
definition source
Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
PERSON:Daniel Schober
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source
definition source
curator note
An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
IAO:0000232
uberon
curator_notes
curator_notes
curator note
curator note
curator notes
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
imported from
imported from
OBO foundry unique label
An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
PERSON:Chris Mungall
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>
OBO foundry unique label
elucidation
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Barry Smith
Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms
elucidation
elucidation
has associated axiom(nl)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(fol)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax
has associated axiom(fol)
has associated axiom(fol)
synonym
The AE 'cough AE' has the 'label of AE outcome' of 'cough'; 'infection AE' has the 'label of AE outcom' of 'infection'.
an annotation property that represents the label of an adverse event
Yongqun Oliver He, Jiangan Hardy Xie
label of adverse event outcome
adverse event outcome
An alternative term used by the IEDB.
IEDB alternative term
An alternative term used by the IEDB.
url:https://www.iedb.org
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
temporal interpretation
https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/temporal-semantics/
An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class.
UBPROP:0000001
uberon
external_definition
external_definition
This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
external_definition
An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class.
Notes on the homology status of this class.
UBPROP:0000003
uberon
homology_notes
homology_notes
This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
homology_notes
Notes on the homology status of this class.
Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'.
UBPROP:0000007
uberon
has_relational_adjective
has_relational_adjective
has_relational_adjective
Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies.
This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
UBPROP:0000012
uberon
external_ontology_notes
external_ontology_notes
external_ontology_notes
Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies.
This annotation property gives the unique label of all Apollo_SV entities that are refered to in the schema. The UAL is the denotator for the Apollo_SV class in the schema. There can at all times only be ONE value of UAL for each class.
UAL
Unique Apollo Label
created_by
creation_date
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has database cross reference
Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software.
Synonym of the term.
FULL_SYN
Synonym with Source Data
has exact synonym
has_exact_synonym
Synonym of the term.
url:http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
has_narrow_synonym
disease_ontology
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
An identifier for an individual entity.
id
An identifier for an individual entity.
url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0020000
in_subset
shorthand
comment
is defined by
is defined by
This is an experimental annotation
label
A human readable name for this class.
A human-readable name for the subject.
label
label
A human readable name for this class.
url:http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
uberon
seeAlso
seeAlso
see also
uberon
depicted_by
depicted_by
depicted by
alternate name
derived_from
derived from
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
has part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realized in
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realizes
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive.
We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined.
Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
inheres in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
inheres_in
inheres in
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
bearer of
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
participates in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant
has participant
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives_from
derives from
contains
contains
located in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
located_in
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in
located in
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
Chris Mungall
produces
has output
A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
Chris Mungall
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function
functionally related to
inverse of has output
Chris Mungall
output of
Point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence that lasts for 7 days prior to a time point.
7-day point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence
Smoking cessation in which a smoker goes from his or her usual level of cigarette consumption to no use of cigarette within a day.
abrupt smoking cessation
The behaviour of not performing a behaviour of a particular type.
Abstinence only has any meaning when specifying what the behaviour is that the person is not doing.
abstinence
The percentage of a population that at a given point in time is exhibiting the attribute of abstinence from a behaviour or psycoactive drug.
abstinence rate
Smoking cessation that occurs without a smoker having an intention to stop smoking.
accidental smoking cessation
Drug use pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule.
ad lib drug use
Vaping pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule.
ad lib vaping
A behaviour attribute involving the likelihood that someone who engages in the behaviour will become addicted to it.
addictiveness of a behaviour
Alcohol consumption by an adolescent.
Adolescent drinking
Fully defined class because it is made up of the intersection of two classes.
adolescent alcohol consumption
A substance use behaviour involving an adolescent.
adolescent substance use
A drinking pattern by an adolescent.
adolescent drinking pattern
Abstinence in alcohol consumption.
alcohol abstinence
A consumption behaviour pattern involving use of a substance containing alcohol concurrently with use of a psychoactive substance that has not been legally sanctioned in the jurisdiction in which the user resides.
alcohol and substance use pattern
A change quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption.
alcohol consumption change
A reduction in alcohol consumption.
alcohol consumption reduction
A population level pattern of alcohol consumption.
alcohol consumption trend
The first instance of alcohol consumption.
alcohol initiation
Consumption of alcohol in a manner that is deemed unacceptable in the jurisdiction in which the user resides.
alcohol misuse
Consumption of alcohol in a manner that is deemed to cause harm to the individual, others or society.
alcohol problem
A consumption behaviour that involves drinking an alcohol-containing product.
Alcohol use
alcohol consumption
A process that involves repeated occurrences of a behaviour.
behaviour pattern
A process profile that involves starting then stopping a behaviour following abstinence.
behavioural lapse
A process boundary that involves restarting a behaviour pattern after a period of abstinence from that behaviour pattern.
behavioural relapse
Behaviour in which a person consumes, ingests or takes an entity into themselves.
consumption behaviour
A person uses e-cigarettes for 3 years.
A temporal region during which e-cigarettes have been used.
E-cigarette use duration
This duration relates to a whole behaviour pattern.
This refers to the aggregate of use episodes in a person's history not a single e-cigarette use episode. That is covered by 'Duration of e-cigarette use episode'.
duration of e-cigarette use
A temporal region during which a single episode of e-cigarette use takes place.
This duration relates to a specific behavioural episode.
This refers to the duration of a single episode of e-cigarette use by a person. This can be aggregated across episodes using statistics such as mean, median etc.
duration of e-cigarette use episode
A behaviour pattern involving ingestion of a psychoactive drug.
Drug use pattern
substance use pattern
A process in which use of a product delivering a psychoactive substance increases the likelihood of use of another product delivering a psychoactive substance.
gateway effect
A behaviour pattern that continues over an extended period of time.
habitual behaviour pattern
Absence from work as a result of an injury.
injury-related work-absence
A quality that inheres in a person.
personal quality
A process in which an increase in prevalence of use of a product delivering a psychoactive substance leads to an increase in the prevalence of use of another product delivering a psychoactive substance.
population gateway effect
Human behaviour that involves use of a product.
Product-using behaviour
Product use behaviour is included to provide a link between product and a class of behaviour for which the relation always holds.
product use behaviour
A process boundary that involves the end of a period of tobacco use.
tobacco cessation
A personal quality that involves not smoking tobacco having previously done so.
smoking abstinence
tobacco abstinence.
tobacco cessation
Smoking cessation
tobacco smoking abstinence
Behavioural relapse that involves tobacco smoking.
tobacco smoking relapse
Not attending for paid employment but not on annual leave.
work absence
Follow-up that occurs 12-months after the start of a follow-up period
12-month follow-up
Follow-up that occurs 24-months after the start of a follow-up period
24-month follow-up
A self-report questionaire for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or non-psychiatric clinical settings such as primary care or general medical out-patients. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards , it assesses the respondents current state and asks if that differs from his or her usual state.
28-item GHQ
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/scaled-version-of-the-general-health-questionnaire/855845C6B366DB4AEDD66C350320D2A9
The cross reference is a useful source of information about the questionnaire.
28-item General Health Questionnaire
Follow-up that occurs 6 months after the start of a follow-up period
6-month follow-up
Literature that is an output of academic activity.
This covers the output of any academic activity, not just research.
academic literature
A quantitative confidence value that refers to an interval give values within which there is a high probability that the true population value can be found. The calculation of a confidence interval considers the standard deviation of the data and the number of observations. Thus, a confidence interval narrows as the number of observations increases, or its variance decreases.
CI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000070
confidence interval
A research activity that involves taking a measurement after the end of an intervention or research activity.
This attempts to capture the most common usage and so distinguishes between end-of-treatment assessment and follow up.
Used in cohort studies and intervention evaluations to capture meausres taken after the end of the intervention or a baseline measure.
follow-up
A document that contains a set of questions.
The most iwdely used definition in OntoBee is from OBI but it is too specific.
questionnaire
A process in which a questionnaire is answered.
questionnaire administration
An information content entity that is used in a research study to specify how a measurement should be undertaken.
This and the one below need VERY clear labels to disambiguate
research measure
A planned process that has as its output a data item corresponding to a quantitative or qualitative description of the attributes of an entity.
Measurement is not itself defined, except tautologically as "the data item that is the output of a measuremnet"
Why not just 'measurement'?
research study measurement
A measurment datum that is produced as part of a research study.
research study measurement datum
A questionnaire that is administered in such a way that the person completing the questionnaire is answering questions about themselves.
self-report questionnaire
The process boundary at the beginning of a follow-up period.
start of follow-up period
The process boundary when a process or temporal region starts.
AFP:0003328
Definition from AFP modified to include temporal region.
temporal start
A data item that represents a human being who has received an intervention intended to result in cessation of an addictive behaviour and who, after a period of abstinence, has resumed the behaviour.
addiction relapse case
Research activity about addiction.
NCIT defines research as "Systematic investigation into a subject in order to discover facts, establish or revise a theory, or develop a plan of action based on the facts discovered."
addiction research
A person who has analytic toxicologist role.
analytic toxicologist
A sample is a substance role played by a biological substance as an input substance to a protocol.
The definition and link to role is coherent with BFO but the ontology itself is probably not suitable to be imported.
biological sample
A research activity that forms part of a research study that aims to influence an outcome.
BCIO?
experimental manipulation
The follow up period was for 12 months from the offer of a prescription for varenicline.
A period of time between a research activity and follow up.
The temporal period is often counted from the start of an intervention even though the definition of follow up states that it takes place after the end of an intervention.
follow-up period
Research literature whose constituent documents have not been published in a peer-reviewed journal.
grey literature
An information content entity that is an aggregate of documents.
literature
An information content entity that represents attributes of a population for the purposes of modelling processes or outcomes in that population.
simulated population
A research measure that has been subjected to evaluation for one or more forms of validity and which it is claimed has reached or exceeded an appropriate threshold on that criterion.
validated measure
A database documenting absence from work
Absence register
work absence register
A data item that is the year in which a publication was published.
year of publication
A personal stake that interferes with the impartial enactment of a professional role.
https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/s/competing-interests
The definition was adapted from the PLOS definition.
Competing interests carry no implication of wrong-doing and are often unavoidable. However, they must be disclosed and in some cases may preclude someone from performing a particular role.
competing interest
A potential competing interest that involves the possibility of personal financial gain or loss resulting from enactment of the professional role.
The definition was adapted from the PLOS definition.
This includes: 1) ownership of stocks or shares, 2) employment in an organisation, 3) providing paid consultancy to an organisation, 4) being a director of a company, 5) receiving any kind of funding or tangible benefit from an organisation, 6) ownership of, or pending application for, a patent, and 7) seeking funding from an organisation, that may be affected by the enactment of the professional role. It also includes all of the above that relate to an intimate partner. Organisation includes commercial organisation, government agency, and charity.
financial potential competing interest
A report that provides information about a person's potential competing interest.
Good practice involves being as inclusive as possible to ensure full transparency and include both financial and non-financial attributes that might conceivably influence the conduct, reporting or evaluation of research whether or not it actually does so.
disclosure of potential competing interest
Dr Smith has a personal stake in the outcome of the clinical trial of the drug, varenicline, because he has shares in the company that produces the drug.
A personal attribute that involves an outcome of value to that person arising from a process.
This is derived from the idea of a stakeholder and is a generalisation of vested interest.
Value here can be positive or negative. This definition refers to actual value rather than perceived value. The process that produces the outcome will often be an event such as reporting of the outcome of a clinical trial, or delivery of a verdict in a trial, or enactment of legislation.
personal stake
Funding that originates from one or more tobacco companies.
tobacco industry funding
The absolute amount of harm to an individual resulting from use of an e-cigarette. It can be quantified in many different ways from using numeric or textual labels. No harm is represented by '0', 'Zero harm' or 'No harm'.
absolute e-cigarette harmfulness to health
The absolute amount risk of harm to an individual resulting from use of a nicotine product at a specified amount for a specified duration in a specified way. It can be quantified in many different ways from using numeric or textual labels. No risk is represented by '0', 'Zero harm' or 'No harm'.
absolute risk
Differentiated from absolute harm in that it combines amount of harm with probability of harm. Thus a high risk of harm involves both high probability of harm and high amount of harm. A low risk of harm could involve a low probability of a high amount of harm. This term should probably not be used without quantifying the degree of risk and the amount of harm in objective terms.
absolute nicotine-related risk of harm
A data item that is about the amount of harm produced by a product in a population over a time period expressed as an absolute quantity using a metric.
absolute product harmfulness
Absolute product harmfulness in which the harm relates to health.
absolute product harmfulness to health
Absolute product harmfulness to health in which the product is a tobacco-containing product.
harmfulness
Differentiated from relative harm which expressed the difference between or ration of two harms. It is a subjective term and probably should not be used without quantifying the harm in objective terms.
absolute tobacco product harmfulness to health
Psychoactive substance attribute involving its propensity for abuse by people who ingest it.
abuse liability of a substance
abuse potential of a substance
An e-cigarette atomiser which the user can adjust to different levels of power.
adjustable power atomiser
adjustable power e-cigarette atomiser
A disposition inhering in a product that is realised as adverse consequences to the user of the product.
adverse event profile of a product
Harm that is causally influenced by intoxication resulting from consumption of alcohol by a person.
alcohol-related harm
A central nervous system depressant that is used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.
CHEBI:35623
Taken from ChEBI but slight edited for consistency.
anticonvulsant drug
An information content entity that is used by a person or organisation to denote and promote a product.
Brand name
brand
A plant extract from the cannabis plant.
cannabis
marijuana
cannabis extract
A cannabis extract that has been treated with volatile solvent to result in a higher concentration of THC.
Butanne Hash oil
CO2 oil
Shatter
badder
bubble hash
budder
butane hash oil
charas
concentrates
crumble
dabs
distillate
dry sift
full-melt hash
hash
hash oil
hashish
honey oil
ice water hash
marijuana extract/ concentrate
propane hash oil
rosin
shatter
wax
Cannabis extract
Clarify what cannabis the concentrates are made up of i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
cannabis concentrate
An attribute of a portion of cannabis that is its concentration of THC.
cannabis potency
An oral tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be chewed.
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/chewing-tobacco
Consists of loose tobacco leaves, pellets or bits , plugs , or twists .
chewing tobacco product
An e-cigarette that is designed to resemble a cigarette in shape, size and appearance.
disposable e-cigarette
cigalike
cigalike e-cigarette
A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a cylinder formed of chopped tobacco encased in tobacco leaf.
The user sets one end alight and ingests smoke by sucking on the other end. The cylinder becomes shorter as the tobacco burns to smoke and ash until either the user extinguishes the burning tobacco or all the tobacco is burnt. This definition includes large panatelas and small cigars. Cigars typically produce smoke with a high concentration of nicotine so that a significant amount of nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of the mouth without the smoke having to be inhaled into the lungs.
cigar
A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco encased in a thin paper.
The user sets one end alight and ingests smoke by sucking on the other end. The cylinder becomes shorter as the tobacco burns to smoke and ash until either the user extinguishes the burning tobacco or all the tobacco is burnt. This definition includes hand-rolled cigarettes and manufactured cigarettes but not cigarillos, bidis or small cigars. Cigarettes are typically made for the smoke to be inhaled into the lungs.
cigarette
A brand that is applied to a manufactured cigarette.
tobacco brand
cigarette brand
Smoke that is produced through the use of a cigarette.
smoke
cigarette smoke
A chemical substance that is part of cigarette smoke.
cigarette smoke ingredient
An e-cigarette in which none of the main components is interchangeable.
These e-cigarettes are often confusingly referred to cigalikes and they have many similarities but do not need to look like cigarettes. Note that the closed 'pod' may contain either e-liquid of a salts based solution.
e-cigarette closed system
A pharmaceutical formulation that contains codeine.
codeine formulation
A tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is processed to make it suitable for burning for the user to ingest the smoke.
combustible tobacco
smoked tobacco
smoked tobacco product
combustible tobacco product
combustible tobacco-containing product
A disposable e-cigarette that resembles a cigarette.
disposable
cigalike
disposable cigalike e-cigarette
An e-cigarette closed system that has a non-rechargeable battery and no replaceable parts.
disposable
disposable e-cigarette
A chemical substance that is metabolite of a drug.
drug metabolite
"Electronic cigarettes are handheld electronic vaping devices which produce an aerosol formed by heating an eliquid." Hartmann-Boyce et al., 2020. Cochrane Review of Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.
An electronic vaping device that is hand held and produces for inhalation an aerosol formed by heating an e-liquid using a battery-powered heating coil.
ANDS
ENDS
NVP
alternative nicotine delivery system
alternative nicotine vaping device
electronic nicotine delivery system
electronic nicotine vaping device
electronic vaping device
nicotine vaping device
nicotine vaping product
vape
electronic cigarette
The primary label is based on the fact that this is a the most commonly used term and is clear. It has the disadvantage that it carries negative connotations in some quarters but other terminology does not adequately capture this class as defined.
The e-liquid contains one or more humectants , usually together with flavourings and nicotine. The heating is achieved by means of a battery-powered heating elementthat is activated by a switch or by suction as the user sucks on the mouthpiece of the device. E-cigarette do not necessarily contain nicotine or any pharmacologically active substance.
e-cigarette
A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and to heat e-liquid during e-cigarette use to produce a vapour.
e-cigarette atomiser
An electrical battery that is designed to be part of an e-cigarette and provide electrical energy for an e-cigarette atomiser.
e-cigarette battery
A brand of e-cigarette products that are manufactured by a particular tobacco company under a particular name.
vape brand
e-cigarette brand
A product that is a part of an e-cigarette and consists of an e-cigarette atomiser surrounded by a liquid-soaked poly-foam that acts as an e-liquid holder.
e-cigarette cartridge
A fire that has been caused by malfunction of an e-cigarette or a part of an e-cigarette.
e-cigarette fire
A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and contain e-liquid.
e-liquid container
A chemical substance that is designed to be part of an e-liquid to impart a flavour to the vapour produced when the e-liquid is used in an e-cigarette.
e-liquid flavouring
A part of an e-cigarette that is the microchip with the purpose of recording vaping behaviour.
e-cigarette microprocessor
An e-cigarette that can be self-built and modified by the user.
mod
e-cigarette mod
An e-cigarette part that allows the user to draw through a vapourised aerosol.
e-cigarette mouthpiece
A vaping device part that is part of an e-cigarette.
e-cigarette device part
device part
e-cigarette part
An e-cigarette that has as a part a replaceable e-cigarette pod.
e-cigarette pod device
An e-cigarette part that constitutes the heating element and must be replaced after use.
atomiser
coil
e-cigarette replaceable coil
An e-cigarette part that constitutes the container used to hold e-liquid.
e-liquid tank
tank
e-cigarette tank
An aerosol produced by heating an e-liquid.
aerosol
e-cigarette vapour
A chemical substance that is part of e-cigarette vapour.
e-cigarette vapour ingredient
An e-cigarette that has no tank and in which the e-liquid is 'dripped' straight on to the wick or coil.
e-cigarette with dripping atomiser
A vaping device that produces vapour by electrically heating a substance that is an e-liquid or a solid.
electronic vaping device
A liquid commodity that is used in e-cigarettes for the purpose of aerosolization and inhalation by a person.
Typically consists of propylene glycol or glycerol together with nicotine and flavourants.
e-liquid
A chemical substance that is manufactured for use as part of an e-liquid.
e-liquid ingredient
The concentration of nicotine in a portion of e-liquid.
e-liquid strength
nicotine strength
strength
e-liquid nicotine concentration
Smoke that is produced through the burning of a tobacco-containing product and released into the environment.
environmental tobacco smoke
An e-cigarette atomiser which has only one power level.
fixed-power atomiser
fixed power e-cigarette atomiser
An e-liquid that has e-liquid flavouring.
flavoured liquid
flavoured e-juice
flavoured e-liquid
A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a fruit flavour.
fruit flavoured liquid
fruit flavoured e-juice
fruit flavoured e-liquid
lung cancer from smoked tobacco use
Opioid drug overdose
Disposition inhering in a product that can result in negative consequences of its use.
Having this as a disposition brings in the fact that harm only occurs in certain contexts or when certain conditions are met.
harmfulness of a product
E-cigarette use causes some degree of lung inflammation.
A data item about harmfulness of a product.
absolute harmfulness of a product
This is distinguished from 'Relative quantification of harmfulness of a product' emphasising that there is no comparison with harmfulness of another product.
absolute quantification of harmfulness of a product
A data item about harmfulness of a product that arises from a comparison of the absolute harmfulness of this product with that of another product.
relative quantification of harmfulness of a product
A bodily disposition that is a person's likelihood of an adverse health outcome.
Every person has this disposition to a greater or lesser extent at any given time in any given context. The term is only meaningful when operationalised to specify the nature of the risk and the timescale.
individual health risk
A tobacco-containing product that contains a tobacco stick that it heats to cause minimal or no combustion to produce smoke or a vapour for inhalation by a person.
This product is described as not involving combustion of tobacco and thereby avoiding production of harmful chemicals caused by combustion such as carbon monoxide. However for at least some products there is some evidence of a degree of combustion.
heated tobacco product
A product that is formed of tobacco processed in such a way as to make it suitable to be used in a heated tobacco-containing product.
heet stick
heet
heated tobacco stick
A nicotine-containing e-liquid in which the e-liquid nicotine concentration is high.
high nicotine concentration e-liquid
A codeine formulation that contains what is judged to be a high concentration of the drug.
What constitutes 'high' has to be defined when used for this to be a useable entity.
high-strength codeine
A heated tobacco-containing product that involves heating a heated tobacco stick to up to 350 degrees centigrade using power from a battery. It is marketed by Philip Morris under the brand name iQOS.
iQOS is marketed as a product that has substantially lower harmfulness than cigarettes. This is a matter for empirical evidence and therefore not included in the definition, which aims solely to unambiguously identify the entity.
iQOS
An e-cigarette pod device that is marketed by the JUUL company.
pod
juul
https://www.juul.co.uk
JUUL pod device
A nicotine-containing product that is a licensed drug
LNP
licensed nicotine product
licensed nicotine-containing product
A codeine formulation that contains what is judged to be a low concentration of the drug,
What constitutes 'low' has to be defined when used for this to be a useable entity.
low-strength codeine
An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced by a person from the lighting of a combustible tobacco product, it is inhaled by the person and exhaled into the environment.
mainstream smoke
A cigarette that is manufactured in a factory.
factory-made cigarette
manufactured cigarette
A cigarette brand colour that is closely associated with Marlboro cigarettes.
marlboro Red
An e-cigarette that has no circuitry and power is provided by the battery alone.
mechanical mod e-cigarette
A product that includes or contains nicotine for ingestion by the user.
nicotine product
The relation with 'nicotine' is 'has part' and not 'contains' because contains is reserved for spatially enclosing a separate entity.
This class overlaps with tobacco-containing product but is distinct from it as tobacco-containing products can have the nicotine removed and nicotine-containing products may not have any other tobacco constituents in them .
nicotine-containing product
A nicotine replacement therapy product that consists of a plastic tube which holds a replaceable nicotine cartridge which delivers nicotine orally to a person through a mouthpiece.
Inhaler
Product concentration needs to be specified
nicotine inhalator
A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine orally by a tablet which slowly dissolves in the mouth.
Product concentration needs to be specified
nicotine lozenge
A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine by a spray in to nose.
Product concentration needs to be specified
nicotine nasal spray
A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine orally by a chewing gum.
Nicotine gum
Product concentration needs to be specified
nicotine polacrilex
Nicotine replacement therapy are nicotine delivery products that are licensed for use as smoking cessation or harm reduction aids used by people for quitting or reducing use of tobacco containing products.
NRT products
nicotine replacement therapy
A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine through the skin by use of an adhesive patch.
nicotine patch
Product concentration needs to be specified
nicotine transdermal patch
An e-liquid that does not contain any e-liquid flavouring.
I wonder if here we should add this includes tobacco - as there is a common misperception that tobacco is non flavoured which of course it is
unflavoured e-liquid
An liquid that is oil based and contains cannabinoids.
Clarify what cannabis the oil consists of i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
oil based cannabis liquid
An e-cigarette in which all of the main components are interchangeable.
e-cigarette open system
A medicinal product that is licenced in a specified jurisdiction for sale without a prescription and is purchased by a person within a pharmacy.
over-the-counter medicine
A nicotine replacement therapy product that can be sold to a person without the need for a prescription.
over the counter nicotine replacement therapy
A combustible tobacco-containing product that is manufactured as two or more cigarettes in a single container.
packet of fags
packet of cigarettes
It is important to state that it is manufactured as containing two or more cigarettes because the number actually in the pack depends on how many have been used. It is also important to be clear that it includes the cigarettes and not just the pack. A different term has to be used for the container. For AddictO the parent of interest relates to tobacco rather than more general types of pack.
The entity in this case is the pack plus cigarettes manufactured within it. Cigarettes are 'part of' the pack rather than contained within it because the pack is both the packaging and the cigarettes.
pack of cigarettes
The number of cigarettes that are sold within a pack.
pack size
cigarette pack size
Formulation of a drug-containing product, including the characteristics of its components, the chemical nature of the drug , drug solubility in water and organic solvents, particle size and surface area, type of dosage form and the excipients and processes used in its manufacturing.
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/ncit/terms?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C42638
Much of the NCIT definition as been used but not all because it does not quite capture what is needed.
pharmaceutical formulation
A medicine that can only be provided to a patient in a jurisdiction if authorised by a prescription.
prescription-only medicine
A nicotine replacement therapy that is prescribed to a person by a medical practitioner.
Prescription NRT
prescription nicotine replacement therapy
A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes that bring the product into existence or purpose it as a product.
producer of product
An artifact that has a product role.
DOI: 10.3233/AO-190210
This entity is the one specified in the Product Life Cycle Ontologies. It could not be imported because those ontologies do not conform to the OBO Foundry standard.
This entity only includes objects. Commodities and intangible entities such as software are classified separately.
product
Adrugthat changesbrainfunction and results in alterations inperception,mood,consciousness,cognition, orbehaviour.
psychoactive substance
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35471
asentheogens
for ritual, spiritual, orshamanicpurposes
or for research.
to purposefully improve performance or alter one's consciousness
These substances may be used medically
recreationally
psychoactive drug
An e-cigarette atomiser which is built by the end user.
RDA
Rebuildable dripper atomiser
rebuildable e-cigarette atomiser
A cigalike e-cigarette that has a rechargeable battery.
cigalike.
non disposable cigalike
rechargeable cigalike e-cigarette
An e-cigarette that has as a part a rechargeable battery.
non disposable
rechargeable e-cigarette
An e cigarette consisting of a separate refillable tank, drip tip, coil and rechargeable battery.
regulated box mod e-cigarette
A tobacco-containing product used by a person for the purpose of smoking tobacco.
RYO
loose tobacco
roll ups
roll your own
tobacco
Roll your own tobacco also known as loose tobacco and used within pipes.
roll your own tobacco
An e-cigarette that has a rechargeable battery and refillable tank characterised by its penlike shape.
penlike e-cigarette
second gen
second generation e-cigarette
An electronic vaping device that resembles an e-cigarette but is branded as a shisha pen.
e-hookah
hookah pen
e-shisha
There is no property that always distinguishes a shisha pen from an e-cigarette apart from the branding. They are often long and thin and are often used with nicotine-free e-liquid.
shisha pen
An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced upon the lighting of a combustible tobacco-containing product and is released into the environment.
Sidestream smoke is contrasted with mainstream smoke.
sidestream smoke
highly potent marijuana from female plants that are specially tended and kept seedless by preventing pollination to induce a high resin content
skunk
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sinsemilla
sinsemilla
A tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is processed for use in a manner that does not involve combustion.
non-combustible tobacco product
smokeless tobacco
smokeless tobacco product
This class includes all tobacco-containing products whose use does not involve burning. It does not include products whose only tobacco-related constituent is nicotine. Those are in the class of nicotine-containing products. It includes chewing tobacco and snus.
smokeless tobacco-containing product
A product that is used by a person for the purpose of quitting smoking.
NRT product
smoking cessation aid
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is ingested by a person into the nasal cavity.
nasal snuff
An oral tobacco-containing product that is composed mainly or exclusively of moist, ground or powdered tobacco that is processed to make it suitable for use by a person placing it in the mouth between the gum and the cheek.
moist snuff
People often confuse oral snuff with snus and it is important to recognise that snus is a subclass of oral snuff and not the same as it.
This class includes snus as well as other oral ground or powdered tobacco products that are not chewed.
oral snuff
An e-cigarette part that is designed for use on a mechanical mod, it has an inbuilt reservoir for e-liquid, this is fed to a dripper by either squeezing or pumping the reservoir.
squonker
A drug attribute which describes the process by which a drug is released into the blood stream at a predetermined rate to maintain a specific drug concentration over a period of time.
slow release
sustained release drug
An e-cigarette with a refillable tank.
tank type e-cigarette
A cannabis vaping device part that is formed of disposable non-refillable cartridge which is attached to a device for the purpose of consuming cannabis.
vape pen, weed vape, oil vape
Clarify what cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
cannabis cart vaping device
A liquid that contains cannabis.
e-liquid, e-juice, vape juice
Clarify what cannabis the liquid is made up of i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
cannabis containing liquid
A vaping device that is used by a person for the purpose of vaping cannabis.
weed vape, cannabis vape
Clarify what cannabis is being vaped i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
cannabis vaping device
A commodity that is formed from parts of the tobacco plant.
tobacco
Tobacco that has been processed for use in a tobacco-containing product.
processed tobacco
A plant of the species that belongs to the Nicotiana genus of herbaceous plants.
Nicotiana
Although there are definitions of tobacco plant in other ontologies, these were not quite suitable for the purposes of AddictO.
Nicotiana species include many varieties. These are commonly referred to as tobacco plants, and are cultivated as ornamental garden plants. N. tabacum is grown worldwide for production tobacco-containing products.
tobacco plant
A product that is classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as a tobacco product.
tobacco product
This class is required because it is used by US the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products to classify products over which it has jurisdiction.
An FDA defined tobacco product is any product that meets the definition of a tobacco product set out in the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and as interpreted by the courts. It is any product made or derived from tobacco that is intended for human consumption, including any component, part, or accessory of a tobacco product . It does not include an article that is a drug. This class is not coherent and is best avoided in scientific discourse because, despite the label, it includes products that have no tobacco constituents in them and excludes products that do have the tobacco constituent nicotine .
FDA-defined tobacco product
The designated price of a unit of a tobacco product.
tobacco product price
Aproduct that is made of tobacco or has tobacco as a part and is used by people to ingest some tobacco constituent.
tobacco product
tobacco
This class includes products that contain or consist of parts of the tobacco plant that have been subject to some form of processing. This class does not contain products that only contain nicotine. These are dealt with separately as 'nicotine-containing products'.
tobacco-containing product
A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a tobacco flavour.
tobacco-flavoured e-liquid
A nitrosamine which derives from tobacco products and tobacco smoke.
TSNA
tobacco-specific nitrosamine
Smoke that is produced through the burning of tobacco.
tobacco smoke
An e-cigarette that is pen shaped.
pen-like e-cigarette
vape pen
A product that produces a vapour for inhalation by a person.
vaporiser
vaporizer
vapourizer
vapouriser
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporizer_
This class includes any device that produces vapour or aerosol for inhalation for any purpose. There are many different ways in which the vapour is created and many different substances that are inhaled. It is essential when using this term make clear what type of vaporiser is being referred to and what substance or substances are being inhaled.
vaping device
A product part that is a component of a vaping device.
vaping device part
Mortality in a population in which the deaths in question are at least partly caused by the consumption of alcohol by people in that population.
Expressed in terms of number or proportion of deaths or population attributable fraction.
alcohol-related mortality
Epidemic of HIV infection.
No definition found in Ontobee
HIV epidemic
A population attribute that reflects the number of deaths within a population within a time frame.
mortality
The health of a population
population health
A data item that is the estimated number of years that a person can expect to live, adjusted downwards according to how far the assessed quality of life of that person is less than what is judged to be optimal.
QALY
No appropriate ontological definition found. Definition based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_life
The issue of who does the judging would need to be specified and the basis for the judgement.
quality-adjusted life year
Treatment demand that is influenced by the availability of the treatment to to population.
supply-induced treatment demand
A quality of a population that involves the number of people in the population who seek a treatment.
treatment demand
A data item that is about a person and signifies that the person has been diagnosed with alcohol use disorder within the past 12 months.
12-month diagnosis of alcohol use disorder
A person who is exhibiting the attribute of abstinence from engagement in a behaviour.
abstainer
A personal attribute that is the how readily a person can access a service.
access to a service
An environmental disposition that is is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to receive addiction treatment
accessibility of addiction treatment
An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to acquire naloxone.
accessibility of naloxone
Acute effect of using a product on a person in which use of the product involves ingestion of a psychoactive substance.
acute effect of ingesting a substance on a person
Acute effect of ingesting a substance on a person in which the substance is alcohol.
acute effect of ingesting alcohol on a person
A process involving a person that results directly from,and within a short time period of, use by the person of a product.
acute effect of using a product on a person
A mental disposition towards repeated episodes of abnormally high levels of motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in the behaviour, where the behaviour results in risk or occurrence of serious net harm.
Dependence
The aim is to include dispositions about which there is a consensus that they constitute addiction while avoiding making a disputed statement about whether addiction necessarily involves disordered brain mechanisms .
This entity focuses on abnormal motivation to engage in a behaviour and includes serious net harm as a feature. The reason is to limit the class to things that merit a treatment and public health response. It is a quantitative entity and a fuzzy set because there can be varying thresholds set for degree of harm and strength of motivation. As a result, it is essential to operationalise the term for it to be meaningful.
addiction
A behaviour that is addictive in a significant proportion of of people who engage in it.
There is not a consensus on what what counts as a significant proportion but in practice in common usage it can be as low as 10%.
Currently accepted as addictive behaviours are: alcohol consumption, use of nicotine or tobacco-containing products, opioid use, stimulant use, cannabis use, sedative use, steroid use,and gambling. Some experts believe that online gaming should be added.
addictive behaviour
A mental disorder that results in repeated episodes of abnormally high levels of motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in the behaviour, where the behaviour results in risk or occurrence of serious net harm.
Dependence disorder
This is separated fropm 'addiction' to provide a parent term for the range of 'disorders' relating to substance use that are defined as such and about which, therefore, there cannot be legitimate dispute.
addictive disorder
A person who has reached maturity.
For use in research contexts the minimum age needs to be specified.
adult
A material entity that is either a human being, an aggregate of humans or an organisation and that has the capability of intentionality.
The definition has been altered from 'A material entity which is active in a process or has the relevant capabilities of intentionality.' to allow for the fact that organisations are not aggregates of people in this ontology and that agents need not actually be active in a process.
agent
Death that is causally influenced by the consumption of alcohol by a person.
No appropriate definition found. Definition based on usage. a causally influenced b iff a is a process
The consumption of alcohol can be either by the decedent or another person. Includes death from disease and death from injury.
alcohol-related death
Injury that is caused at least in part by the consumption of alcohol by a person.
alcohol-related injury
A process that is causally influenced by consumption of alcohol by a person.
Logically defined class: its members will be inferred by the OWL reasoner - it does not have to be a parent of another class
alcohol-related outcome
A traffic crash that is at least partially caused by intoxication resulting from consumption of alcohol.
alcohol-related traffic crash
A fiat part of a complex phenomenon that has salience in a particular context.
aspect
A process that has as output a material entity that is the material basis for an abnormal homeostasis dispostion.
bodily harm
Addiction to use of cannabis or cannabis products.
Cannabis addiction
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/ncit/terms?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C34445
cannabis dependence
A psychoactive substance user who is currently using cannabis.
cannabis user
A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing cardiovascular disease or pulmonary disease over a defined time period.
cardiopulminary absolute risk
Craving in which the target of the craving is cigarette smoking.
cigarette craving
Poison that result from ingestion of codeine.
codeine poisoning
A dual product user who is also an e-cigarette user participating in use that is less than daily frequency.
Dual user
concurrent non-daily dual user
A strong identity in which what is represented is appraised as enduring.
The parent class is 'strong identity' which captures the idea that the identity is appraised as important. Core identity adds the characteristic 'enduring'. Therefore core identities are appraised as both important and enduring.
core identity
A daily tobacco smoker whose who engages in cigarette smoking every day.
Daily smoker
daily cigarette smoker
A daily tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking every day.
daily cigarette smoker
smoker
daily smoker
This class is for tobacco smokers who smoke every day, no matter how many episodes of smoking they have each day. Smokers who smoke on average one or more cigarettes each day but do not smoke every day come under the class non-daily tobacco smoker. Daily tobacco smokers people who may very occasionally miss a day of smoking.
daily tobacco smoker
A subjective emotional feeling that generates a need state and arises from deviation of a physiological state from a target state established as a result of innate or learned processes.
drive state
A dual product user who particpates in use of both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes every day.
Dual user
dual daily user
A person who engages in e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking.
e-ciagarette user
occassional e-cigarette user
vaper
Dual user
This class includes people who currently use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes rather than people who have once used one product and then used another. This creates ambiguity and to what counts as currently and when operationalised it may be helpful to specify the time period over which episodes of use of both products occurred.
e-cigarette and cigarette dual user
A person who engages in e-cigarette use.
e-cigarette user
A subjective emotional feeling involving positive affect associated with reduction in a feeling of need.
feeling of need satisfaction
A feeling of attraction to something in anticipation of pleasure or satisfaction.
feeling of wanting
A cognitive representation of themselves by a person or a group about themselves.
This entity is more than self-identity of an individual as it includes group identity.
identity
A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a destructive external force.
OGMS:0000102
Replaced 'catastrophic' with 'destructive'.
injury
A drive state that results from nicotine concentrations in the brain that are below that to which the brain has become accustomed.
nicotine drive state
A tobacco smoker who participates in tobacco smoking but not every day.
Occasional smoker
non-daily tobacco smoker
An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past 30 days.
past-20 day smoker
This includes any participation, including one puff on a single cigarette. It is in references to a current time frame that needs to be specified unless it is obvious from the context.
past 30-day tobacco smoker
Addiction to the behaviour of gambling.
Gambling use Disorder
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C94335
Pathological gambling = DSM-IV
pathological gambling
A person who does not suffer from opioid use disorder but who, by virtue of his or her personal qualities or environment, has an elevated probability of developing opioid use disorder in the future.
person at risk of opioid use disorder
A person who participates in policy making.
policy maker
A tobacco smoker identity that is a positive identity.
positive smoker identity
positive tobacco smoker identity
A personal attribute of not having enough material possessions or income to meet basic human needs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty
Definition changed to one that is ontologically OK.
poverty
A dual product user who reports predominanly smoking.
Dual user
A class of 'dual-user'
predominant smoker
A dual product user who reports predominanly using an e-cigarette.
Dual user
predominant vaper
Death that occurs as a result of an avoidable set of circumstances.
premature death
A personal attribute that is a person's ability to carry out activities needed to thrive and their mental well-being.
QoL
No appropriate ontological definition found. Definition based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_life
Multiple formulations exist focusing on different aspects. Domains covered include: mental mood, pain, and physical functioning.
quality of life
An appraisal by a person about themselves
self-appraisal
An identity that a person has about themselves.
The term 'self' sounds tautologous but is required to reflect the fact that this is not identity in terms of who you are but how you represent yourself to yourself.
The cognitive representation includes multiple aspects and some of these are social. For example, group memberships, cultural norms. Collective identity as a shared attribute of group is related to this but is separate.
self-identity
A subjective emotional feeling involving experience directly resulting from sensory processes. It includes touch, brightness, loudness.
subjective sensation
An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of a psychoactive substance.
drug use disorder
substance use disorder
An emotion directly attributing an affective response to an object, event or experience. It includes liking and disliking.
targeted emotion
Use of combustible tobacco is a leading cause of tobacco-related disease.
A disease in which tobacco use has played a causal role.
tobacco-caused disease
Use of combustible tobacco increases the users risk of developing tobacco-related disease.
A disease in which tobacco use is a significant risk factor.
tobacco-related disease
A tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking.
current smoker
current tobacco smoker
smoker
'tobacco user' and 'participates in' some 'tobacco smoking'
This applies to the current time period and the behaviour pattern of tobacco smoking. The time period and the amount of smoking needs to be operationalised.
tobacco smoker
A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as a tobacco smoker.
tobacco smoker identity
A mental process that involves a feeling of strong impulse to engage in a behaviour.
urge
An urge in which the behaviour that is the target of the feeling is smoking.
urge to smoke
An identity in which a person represents themselves as a vaper.
vaper identity
A person who is close in age to the transition between childhood and adulthood.
young adult
Youth
Age range should be specified.
young person
An aggregate of organizations that manufacture or market alcoholic beverages.
see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0028826
alcohol industy
A philanthropy organisation that is based in New York.
Bloomberg Philanthropies
A tobacco company based in London with the company number 03407696.
BAT
https://www.bat.com/group/sites/uk__9d9kcy.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO89KHEK
British American Tobacco P.L.C.
An organisation that is engaged in the growth, manufacture, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, or distribution of cannabis products.
cannabis company
An industry in which the product is cannabis.
cannabis industry
A cannabis retailer that has a physical outlet.
cannabis retail outlet
A cannabis company that predominantly sells cannabis products and related merchandise.
cannabis retailer
An organisation that is engaged in the manufacture, preparation for sale, marketing or distribution of electronic cigarettes, components that are used primarily in electronic cigarettes, and e-liquid.
e-cigarette company
An industry in which the product is electronic cigarettes or e-liquid.
E-Cig industry
I have added here promotion of - this sets industry apart from manufactureres of but also includes these types of company.
e-cigarette industry
A e-cigarette company that predominantly sells e-cigarettes, e-cigarette components or e-liquid to consumers.
E-Cig merchant
E-cig Industry
vape retailer
vape shop
E-Cig shop
e-cigarette retailer
An e-cigarette shop is an e-cigarette retailer that has a physical outlet.
e-cigarette shop
An industry in which the services provided relate to gambling activities.
gambling industry
A governmental organisation set up for a purpose.
These are set up for purposes such as management of resources, financial oversight of industries, or national security issues. These organizations are typically created by legislative action, but may initially be set up by presidential order as well. The directors of these agencies are typically selected by Presidential appointment
government agency
An e-cigarette company that has no commercial or financial association with a tobacco company.
Independent vape business
vape company
Independent vape company
independent e-cigarette company
An e-cigarette industry that has only independent e-cigarette companies as a part.
independent vape industry
vape industry
independent e-cigarette industry
An aggregate of organisations that manufacture, prepare for sale, distribute, market or promote products or services.
industry
A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes which are intended to increase the amount of a product that is sold by making people want the product.
marketer of product
An aggregate of organisations.
organisation aggregate
A material entity which can play roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
Organization
OBI:0000245
The definition from OBI has been slightly changed to refer to 'material entity' rather than 'continuant entity'
organisation
A tobacco company based in Switzerland with the business identification number CHE-105.950.151.
PMI
https://www.pmi.com/company-information
Philip Morris International
A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes through which a product is sold.
retailer of product
A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes through which a product is obtained or brought to the retailer or user.
supplier of product
An organisation that is engaged in the growth, manufacture, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, or distribution of tobacco and products that include tobacco.
This excludes law firms acting for the TI. It also excludes NRT manufacturers and e-cig manufacturers even though nicotine is derived from tobacco.
tobacco company
An industry in which the product is tobacco.
tobacco industry
A tobacco retailer that has a physical outlet.
tobacco retail outlet
A tobacco company that predominantly sells tobacco products.
tobacco retailer
A tobacco retailer that has a physical outlet where tobacco products are the major part of their product range.
tobacconist
A shop that sells products related to vaping.
vape shop
An emergency department facility that is part of a university hospital.
academic emergency department facility
An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to acquire a product.
accessibility of a product
An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to receive a service.
accessibility of a service
Accessibility of a product where the product is heroin.
accessibility of heroin
Accessibility of a service where the service is opioid agonist therapy
accessibility of opioid agonist therapy
A health care facility within a hospital that provides acute medical care for patients that have presented as medical emergencies to a hospital or who have developed an acute medical illness while in hospital.
acute medical ward
https://www.rcpmedicalcare.org.uk/designing-services/specialties/acute-internal-medicine/services-delivered/acute-medical-unit/
acute medical unit
Accessibility of a product where the product is an alcoholic beverage
alcohol availability
accessibility of alcohol
An information content entity that is about amount and quality of human and physical resources available to the inhabitants of a geospatial region.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development
level of economic development
Dose in which the thing administered is nicotine.
nicotine dose
An action specification sets rules and regulations concerning activities of agents under a person's or organisation's jurisdiction.
policy
A law that creates a requirement on product manufacturers to pre-notify a relevant authority of the product characteristics and receive approval before marketing a product.
prior product authorisation law
A pharmacy access law in which the product being distributed is naloxone.
naloxone pharmacy access law
A law that aims to facilitate distribution of a product through retail pharmacy channels.
pharmacy access law
An intervention that it is practicable and affordable to implement so that it reaches the intended target population
scalable intervention
A government policy aimed at reducing harm from tobacco use.
tobacco control policy
An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to receiveadvice from a primary health care physician.
accessibility of primary healthcare physician advice
Treatment in which the disorder that is being treated is addiction.
addiction treatment
A government policy aimed at reducing consumption of alcohol or harm from consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdiction.
No appropriate definition found. Definition based on usage. A disjunctive class.
alcohol control policy
An alcohol control policy aimed at reducing the harm from consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdication without promoting complete abstinence from alcohol.
No appropriate definition found. Definition based on usage.
alcohol harm reduction policy
An alcohol control policy aimed at reducing the consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdiction.
No appropriate definition found. Definition based on usage.
alcohol reduction policy
An organisation that provides a clinical service.
clinical provider
Drug scheduling in which the drug concerned is codeine.
codeine scheduling
Treatment of addiction that either a drug user or a person with a drug problem is compelled to undergo by a legal authority in the jurisdiction in which they reside.
compulsory addiction treatment
A data item that is about an intervention and is the estimated financial cost of delivering that intervention to a population in a setting in order to gain one QALY in the population.
No ontological definition found. Definition based on definition of ICER https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incremental_cost-effectiveness_ratio
cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained
A public policy that involves legislation to reduce the incidence of vehicle driving with alcohol in the body.
drink driving legislation
A national drug policy that classifies drugs into classes, called 'schedules' according to their potential for abuse, safety, addictive potential and whether or not they have legitimate medical applications. Each schedule has rules regarding restrictions on use and penalties for misuse.
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/substance-abuse/Pages/Controlled-Substances-Not-Just-Street-Drugs.aspx
drug scheduling
A public policy that regulates e-cigarettes or their use.
Includes public policies concerning the manufacture, marketing, and sales of e-cigarettes.
e-cigarette policy
A plan specification for delivering an intervention that has been developed on a part of a population to the full population.
intervention scale-up strategy
A directive information entity that is produced by government and enables, prohibits or bans activities, or establishes rights or responsibilities.
legislation
A national policy that concerns the manufacture, marketing, distribution, use and harms from psychoactive drugs.
national drug policy
A treatment that involves providing a safer opioid agonist to a person with opioid addiction in order to reduce their psychological need for the opioid to which they are addicted.
Opioid agonist therapy
No ontological definition found.
opioid agonist treatment
An intervention scale-up strategy for delivering a opioid agonist treatment programme to a population.
opioid agonist treatment scale-up strategy
An action specification that a government produces that includes rules and regulations concerning activities of agents under the government's jurisdiction.
Public policy
government policy
A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process.
treatment
A subjective emotional feeling involving a strong desire or urge.
craving
A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing a given disease over a defined time period.
disease absolute risk
A person who uses psychoactive substances.
User of substances
user of drugs
Substance user
psychoactive substance user
Injury to the body or interference of normal body functions by a substance that is ingested.
poisoning
An addiction that is to a substance that is ingested.
substance addiction
A process in which a vehicle collides with an object, person or vehicle, causing damage.
traffic accident
A person who is undergoing the developmental stage of transition from childhood to adulthood.
adolescent
A rule recognised by the legal system of a country or community
law
A dependent continuant that is shared by all members of a population, or an attribute that characterises a population as a whole
This is what the root of the BCIO population ontology is in actual effect
population attribute
A disposition of a material entity or a process to cause addiction to it.
This is a quantitative entity that is only meaningful when operationalised in terms of the proportion of people who are exposed who become addicted, the mode of use, the severity of addiction and any other contextual factors that may be in play. Addictiveness can be a disposition of material entity such as a chemical substance or a process such as gambling behaviour.
addictiveness
A psychoactive drug that is used to reduce depression.
Parent in CheBI is psychotropic drug
antidepressant drug
A psychoactive drug that is used to treat mania.
antimanic drug
A psychoactive drug that is used to reduce anxiety.
Note - these drugs are used to reduce anxiety even when there is no anxiety disorder, e.g. associated with worrying events
anxiolytic drug
The concentration of a drug in a portion of matter.
drug concentration
A quality of a drug that is the amount of a desired effect of the drug for a given dose and a given mode of administration.
Drugs may have different potencies for different drug effects. Effect of the drug on side-effects is not covered by this definition. If a drug has more than one effect that may be desired, it is necessary to specify what effect or effects are included in a given usage of the term.
drug potency
A process attribute of drug ingestion that is the amount of a drug that is ingested.
To be meaningful it is necessary to describe the ingestion process in terms of its duration and mode of ingestion. Ingestion in this case means entering body tissue. It does not include drug that is swallowed but not absorbed through the wall of the GI tract. This attribute depends on the concentration of the drug, the mode of administration, and the absorption process.
drug received dose
An information content entity that specifies the amount of a drug in a single item of a drug preparation.
This is not the same as dose received or dose that is potentially delivered by the preparation into the body. Drug unit dose as an attribute of a defined drug preparation
drug unit dose
A tobacco-containing product that is a part of a heated tobacco-containing product.
The formal definition looks clunky but is formally correct.
heated tobacco-containing product part
A commodity that is liquid
liquid commodity
A product part that is a component of a tobacco-containing product.
tobacco-containing product part
A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a mint flavour.
mint flavoured e-liquid
A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a menthol flavour.
menthol flavoured e-liquid
13% of e-cigarette users report having tried a sweet flavoured e-liquid, e.g., candy floss.
A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a sweet flavour.
Sweet flavours include a broad range of flavour choices but they are distinct from fruit flavours and therefore need to described.
sweet flavoured e-liquid
A data item which indicates the absolute reduction number of cigarettes smoked over a period of time.
Cigarette reduction
ADDICTO:0000103
absolute smoking reduction
A tobacco use behaviour where the person plans to quit smoking.
planned cigarette smoking quit attempt
A data item which indicates the number of number of cigarettes less per day a person has smoked since the last time data was collected.
Cigarettes per day
reduction in cigarettes per day
An e-cigarette use pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule.
Here e-cigarette is specified as the object, see also ad lib vaping.
ad lib e-cigarette use
A cigarette use pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule.
Ad lib cigarette use
ad lib smoking
A cannabis use behaviour that involves ingesting cannabis.
cannabis use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates current use of cigarettes.
current cigarette use
A tobacco use pattern that involves smoking at least once per day.
cigarette daily use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has smoked cigarette in the 30-days prior to the time of asking.
cigarette past 30-day use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has smoked cigarette in the 7-days prior to the time of asking.
cigarette past 7-day use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has smoked cigarette in the 1-month prior to the time of asking.
cigarette past 1-month use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has smoked cigarette in the 1-year prior to the time of asking.
cigarette past 1-year use
A tobacco use behaviour that involves smoking a cigarette.
cigarette use
A tobacco use behaviour that involves ingesting smoke from a cigarette.
Tobacco smoking
cigarette smoking
A product demand in which the product is cigarettes.
Purchase demand
cigarette demand
A population attribute that involves the amount of a product that a population uses.
It would normally be necessary to specify the population, the product and the conditions that create the demand.
product demand
A behaviour pattern that includes use of a product at least once.
ever use
Ever use in which the product is a cigarette.
Ever smoked
cigarette ever use
A behaviour that involves an exchange of money for a good or service.
product purchase
A product purchase in which the product is a cigarette.
Tobacco purchase
cigarette purchase
A behavioural episode that involves the act of drawing cigarette smoke into the body.
cigarette puff
A tobacco use pattern that involves regular use of cigarettes.
cigarette regular use
A tobacco use pattern which involves the cessation of smoking cigarettes.
tobacco cessation
Smoking cessation
This represents smoking cigarette cessation only and is deliberately separate from tobacco cessation as other types of tobacco smoking may continue e.g., cannabis and tobacco use.
cigarette cessation
A data item which indicates the number of cigarettes smoked by a person since their target quit date.
number of cigarettes since target quit data
A tobacco use pattern that involves smoking cigarettes less frequent than once per day.
non daily cigarette use
A tobacco use behaviour that involves inhalation of the products of tobacco combustion.
combustible tobacco use
An alcohol use pattern that involves consuming alcohol at least once per day.
daily alcohol consumption
A cannabis use pattern that involves ingesting cannabis at least once per day.
daily cannabis use
A tobacco use pattern that involves smoking a cigarette at least once per day.
Daily cigarette consumption
Everyday cigarette consumption
daily cigarette use
A heroin use pattern that involves injecting heroin into the body at least once per day.
daily heroin injection
A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a cigarette.
Puffs per day
daily number of puffs on a cigarette
An opioid use pattern that involves ingesting prescription opioids at least once per day.
daily prescription opioid use
A substance use pattern of behaviour that involves the concurrent use by a person of two substances.
dual use
A consumption behaviour that involves concurrent use by a person of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco use.
Dual use
dual cigarette and smokeless tobacco use
A temporal region during which a person concurrently used both e-cigarettes and cigarettes.
Dual use
dual e-cigarette use duration
A consumption behaviour that involves concurrent use by a person of e-cigarettes and cigarettes.
Dual use
dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes
The temporal extent that a behavioural process projects into.
duration of behaviour
A product use behaviour that involves using an e-cigarette.
e-cigarette use
An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates current use of e-cigarettes.
current e-cigarette use
An e-cigarette use pattern that involves use of a device at least once per day.
e-cigarette daily use
An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates a person has used an e-cigarette in the 30-days prior to the time of asking.
e-cigarette past 30-day use
An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates a person has used an e-cigarette in the 7-days prior to the time of asking.
e-cigarette past 7-day use
An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates a person has used an e-cigarette in the 1-month prior to the time of asking.
e-cigarette past 1-month use
An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates a person has used an e-cigarette in the 1-year prior to the time of asking.
e-cigarette past 1-year use
A product demand in which the product is e-cigarettes.
Purchase demand
e-cigarette demand
Ever use in which the product is an e-cigarette.
Ever vaped
e-cigarette ever use
A product purchase in which the product is an e-cigarette.
E-cigarette purchase
e-cigarette purchase
A behavioural episode that involves the act of drawing aerosol produced by an e-cigarette into the body.
e-cigarette puff
An e-cigarette use pattern that involves regular use of e-cigarettes.
e-cigarette regular use
Individuals who use an e-cigarette on a non-daily basis are less likely to achieve tobacco cessation compared with those who use e-cigarettes on a daily basis.
An e-cigarette use pattern that involves using e-cigarettes less frequent than a daily basis.
infrequent e-cigarette use.
Less than daily e-cigarette use
non-daily e-cigarette use
An e-cigarette use behaviour which indicates the trial use of e-cigarette devices.
People may experiment with when they first encounter e-cigarettes but not all will go on to become regular users.
experimentation with e-cigarettes
Smoking cessation in which a smoker goes from his or her usual level of cigarette consumption to no use of cigarette over a period of time.
gradual smoking cessation
A tobacco use pattern that indicates current use of heated tobacco containing product.
current heated tobacco containing product use
A tobacco use pattern that involves use of a heated tobacco containing product at least once per day.
heated tobacco containing product daily use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used heated tobacco containing product in the 30-days prior to the time of asking.
heated tobacco containing product past 30-day use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used heated tobacco containing product in the 7-days prior to the time of asking.
heated tobacco containing product past 7-day use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used heated tobacco containing product in the 1-month prior to the time of asking.
heated tobacco containing product past 1-month use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used heated tobacco containing product in the 1-year prior to the time of asking.
heated tobacco containing product past 1-year use
A product demand in which the product is heated tobacco containing products.
Purchase demand
The type of heated tobacco containing product should also be defined.
heated tobacco containing product demand
Ever use in which the product is a heated tobacco containing product.
heated tobacco containing product ever use
A product purchase in which the product is a heated tobacco containing product.
Tobacco purchase
heated tobacco containing product purchase
A tobacco use pattern that involves regular use of a heated tobacco containing product.
heated tobacco containing product regular use
A tobacco use pattern that involves using heated tobacco containing product less frequent than once per day.
non daily heated tobacco containing product use
A data item which indicates the number of puffs cigarettes smoked per day by a person.
CPD
Cigarettes per day
Cigarettes/day
number of cigarettes smoked per day
A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed within a defined period.
number of drinks consumed
A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per day.
number of drinks per drinking day
A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a e-cigarette.
number of e-cigarette puffs per day
A data item which indicates the number of years a person has been smoking cigarettes.
Years of smoking
Number of years smoking does not provide any indication of amount or frequency of smoking.
number of years of cigarette smoking
A number denoting a quantity of cigarette smoking made up of the number of years of smoking multiplied by the number packs of 20 cigarettes smoked on average per day over that period.
pack years
A data item which indicates the number of packs of cigarettes smoked by a person per day.
packs of cigarettes smoked per day
Tobacco smoking abstinence that lasts for a defined period of time.
Smoking cessation
The amount of time needs to be specified.
point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence
A tobacco use behaviour that involves ingesting a smokeless tobacco-contaoing product.
smokeless tobacco use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates current use of smokeless tobacco .
current smokeless tobacco use
A tobacco use pattern that involves use of smokeless tobacco at least once per day.
smokeless tobacco daily use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used smokeless tobacco in the 30-days prior to the time of asking.
smokeless tobacco past 30-day use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used smokeless tobacco in the 7-days prior to the time of asking.
smokeless tobacco past 7-day use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used smokeless tobacco in the 1-month prior to the time of asking.
smokeless tobacco past 1-month use
A tobacco use pattern that indicates a person has used smokeless tobacco in the 1-year prior to the time of asking.
smokeless tobacco past 1-year use
A product demand in which the product is smokeless tobacco.
Purchase demand
The type of smokeless tobacco product should also be defined.
smokeless tobacco demand
Ever use in which the product is a smokeless tobacco product.
smokeless tobacco ever use
A product purchase in which the product is smokeless tobacco.
Tobacco purchase
smokeless tobacco purchase
A tobacco use pattern that involves regular use of smokeless tobacco.
smokeless tobacco regular use
A tobacco use pattern that involves using smokeless tobacco less frequent than once per day.
non daily smokeless tobacco use
A substance use behaviour that involves the use of a tobacco-containing product.
tobacco use
A person who was a tobacco smoker in the past but who is not currently a tobacco smoker.
ex-smoker, ex-tobacco smoker
CN
This class aims to capture as objectively as possible the history of a person's behaviour. It does not make reference to whether the person considers themselves be an ex-smoker because this is captured by the 'ex-tobacco smoker identity' class.
former tobacco smoker
A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as having previously been a tobacco smoker but currently not being a tobacco smoker.
CN
ex-tobacco smoker identity
An identity that a group holds about itself.
can a socially shared representtaion be said to be purely cognitive? I.e query parent entity?
group identity
A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as no longer having some positively appraised characteristic.
lost self-identity
A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as a not being a tobacco smoker.
non tobacco smoker identity
A self-identity representing something as having been positively appraised in the past but as currently negatively appraised.
spoiled self-identity
An element of a behaviour process which can be used to characterise the behaviour
Should this be defined in the Human Behaviour Ontology?
behaviour attribute
A behaviour pattern that involves consuming a product.
Should be defined in the Human Behaviour Ontology
consumption behaviour pattern
A consumption behaviour that involves ingesting a psychoactive substance.
substance use
A tobacco use pattern that involves only the exclusive use of tobacco-containing products at the time of asking or within a defined period.
Exclusive tobacco use
The tobacco-containing product must be spedified. The period of time over which exclusive use relates to should be defined.
exclusive tobacco-containing product use
An e-cigarette use pattern that indicates exlusive use of e-cigarettes at the time of asking or within a defined period.
Exclusive e-cigarette use
The period of time over which exclusive use relates to should be defined.
exclusive e-cigarette use
A data item which indicates the first time a person a used a nicotine-containing product.
nicotine product first used
A data item which indicates the number of days a person has remained abstinent from a particular substance or behaviour.
number of days abstinent
A data item which indicates the number of days per week a person has drunk alcohol to levels which are considered to be excessive.
The writer must state by which organisations value or measure the person is considered to be drinking excessively.
number of days per week of excessive drinking
A data item which indicates the number of days required to achieve abstinence from alcohol.
number of days required to achieve abstinence
A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week.
number of drinking days per week
A tobacco use pattern that involves the process of quitting smoking cigarettes.
Note this quitting smoking is distinguished from smoking cessation as in this label we are describing the process of quitting.
quitting smoking
"Solitary drinking was defined as drinking while physically alone ". Skrzynski CJ, Creswell KG. A systematic review and meta-analysis on solitary drinking in adults.
Alcohol consumption in which the person consuming an alcohol-containing product does so with no-one else present in the same location.
This definition has been chosen because it is the most commonly encountered term in the research literature.
The definition would not count as solitary drinking alcohol consutmpsion in which there was someone present but not consuming alcohol
solitary drinking
A disposition inhering in a drug that is realised as adverse consequences to the user of the drug.
adverse event profile of a drug
Anorganic compoundcontaining one or more hydroxyl groups bound to a saturatedcarbonatom.
alcohol
A liquid product that has alcohol as a part.
alcoholic drink
Define the level of alcohol content and type of beverage.
alcohol-containing beverage
A nonessential amino acid that is a salt of aspartic acid.
aspartate
A type of retailer that sells beverages.
beverage retailer
A type of liquid product that is consumed.
beverage
A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a cylinder of tobacco leaf containing cannabis.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blunt_
In some cases a cigar is hollowed out and filled with cannabis. Blunts can also be manufactured.
blunt
The practice of including or involving a range of different brands in order to be attractive to a wide range of different people.
brand diversity
A buprenorphine mixture with naloxone.
buprenorphine-naloxone
A medicinal product which contains cannabinoids as an active ingredient.
cannabinoid medication
A cigar that is short and thin with wrapping that is tobacco or tobacco-based paper.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarillo
Cigarillos are widely used in the same way as cigarettes, with the smoke being inhaled into the lungs. For public health purposes they should be classed with cigarettes.
cigarillo
A beverage that has been prepared from coffee beans.
coffee
A data item which indicates the cost using an e-cigarette.
Cost relates to currency and period of time, both must be defined.
cost of e-cigarette use
A medicinial product that contains naloxone which is formulated in a way that releases over time.
extended release/long-acting naloxone
A medicinal product that contains naltrexone which is formulated in a way that releases over time.
sustained release naltrexone
XR-NTX
extended-release naltrexone
A data item which indicates the cost of a product or behaviour.
cost
Indicate currency and period of time, both must be defined.
financial cost
A data item which indicates the cost of smoking.
Indicate currency and period of time, both must be defined.
financial cost of smoking
A medicinal product which is licencesed to treat, prevent or aid paricular conditions, illnesses or diseases.
medication
A cigaratte that is flavoured with the compound menthol.
menthol cigarette
A psychoactive substance which is consumed for non-medical purposes and usually sold illegally.
narcotic
A psychoactive substance that is newly recognised as a drug of abuse.
emerging drug
new psychoactive substance
NPS
novel psychoactive substance
A synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that is novel and new in its usage.
SCRA
new synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist
An opioid that is a naturally occuring psychoactive substance derived from the plant papaver somniferum
opiate
Naltrexone that is consumed via the mouth.
oral naltrexone
A role preformed by an individual who participates in administering a substance orally.
orally administered
A psychoactive drug that stimulates the central nervous system.
stimulants
psychomotorstimulants
psychostimulant
A central nervous system depressant that has the application of sedative effects.
sedative drug
A cannabinoid receptor agonist which consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring cannabinoids.
synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist
The extent and rate at which a substance is absorbed in order to have a physiological affect on the whole body.
systemic bioavailability
An alcohol user who presents with alcohol use disorder.
dependent drinker
harmful drinker
person with alcohol dependence
risky drinker
Alcohol dependence
We strongly advise against using synonyms and especially alcoholic, this term given its lack of clinical definition and stigmatising connotations.
person with alcohol use disorder
A psychoactive substance user who consumes alcohol.
alcohol consumer
Drinker
alcohol user
A daily cigarette smoker who, when circumstances allow, smokes continually with little or no tempora gap between cigarettes for much of their waking hours.
Heavy smoker
chain smoker
A psychoactive substance user who reports current psychoactive substance use.
current user
Current substance user
The term current must be defined further and frequency of use should also be recorded for greater clarification.
current psychoactive substance user
A tobacco smoker who has ever participated in smoking.
Ever smoker
Ever should be further defined and frequency of past use should be indicated where possible.
ever tobacco smoker
A tobacco smoker who is an ex-e-cigarette user
current smoker
ex e-cigarette user
ex-vaper
Smoker
This class requires specification of the time period since e-cigarette use stopped. E-cigarette use may have been with or without tobacco smoking.
tobacco smoker and ex-e-cigarette user
An e-cigarette user who is a former tobacco smoker.
ex-smoking e-cigarette user
A person who was a regular tobacco smoker in the past but is not currently a tobacco smoker.
The use of 'regular tobacco user' in this case does not mean daily or weekly but rather that the person has used tobacco for at least a year.
former regular tobacco smoker
A person who was a substance in the past but is not currently a substance user.
ex-substance user
Substance use includes caffeine, nicotine, alcohol as well as ones that are generally referred to in the literature such as cannabis.
former substance user
A person who was a cigarette smoker in the past but is not currently a cigarette smoker.
ex-smoker, ex-cigarette smoker
Note that the parent cannot be former tobacco smoker because a former cigarette smoker may still be using another form of tobacco
former cigarette smoker
A psychoactive substance user who administers substance/s by injection.
Injecting drug user
IDU
person who injects drugs
A person who has never smoked tobacco.
Never smoker is often defined as a person who has smoked fewer than 20 cigarettes in their lifetime.
never smoker
A person who does not currently report smoking tobacco.
non-smoker
Ex-smoker
The term nono-smoker is included as a synonym but is discouraged from use. Not currently smoking also needs to be further defined by providign details of time since last smoking and frequency of smoking.
not a current smoker
A person who is not a substance user.
non-psychoactive substance user
non-substance user
An example using this definition: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.15295
An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past year.
past-year smoker
This definition is commonly used in outputs from the Smoking Toolkit Study. It refers to those who affirm smoking any tobacco products within the past 12 months. For more info see: www.smokinginengland.info
past-year tobacco smoker
A psychoactive substance user who reports using substances.
drug user
substance user
PWUD
Use should be further defined into time and frequency.
person who uses drugs
An opioid user who presents with a clinical diagnosis of opioid use disorder.
drug user substance user
PWUD
person with opioid use disorder
A tobacco smoker that is pregnant.
pregnant smoker
A former regular tobacco smoker who has smoked within the past 12 months.
past regular smoker
Ex-smoker
recent former regular tobacco smoker
A tobacco smoker who reports recently smoking.
recent smoker
smoker
Current smoker
The time period that is meant by recent must be defined.
recent smoker
A carcinogen where there is sufficent evidence, with an established casual relationship, to suggest it is carcinogenic to humans.
IARC
group 1 carcinogen
A carcinogen where there is limited evidence in humans, but sufficient evidence in animals to suggest it is probably carcinogenic to humans.
IARC
group 2 carcinogen
Cocaine which has been heated, purified, concentrated, and compressed into smokeable, pebble-sized crystals.
UMLS Metathesaurus Browser
crack cocaine
A substance that is produced by a living organsism and is toxic, noxious or poisonous
UMLS Metathesaurus Browser
toxin
A chemical substance that has the carcinogenic agent role.
This is distinguished from carcinogenic agent in order to separate a chemical from its role. Carcinogenic agent role is defined in CHEBI as 'A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquisition of tumoral capabilities.'
carcinogen
An ex-smoker who reports being at risk of relapse to smoking.
risk-relapse
If possible how risk of relapse is being defined should be stated.
adult at risk of relapse to smoking
The age at which a person reports quitting smoking tobacco.
Age quit smoking
Quit age
age of smoking cessation
A cannabis user who smokes cannabis.
This defintion deliberately seperates cannabis smoking from the use of cannabis by edibles.
cannabis smoker
A cannabis user who vapes cannabis.
This defintion deliberately seperates cannabis smoking from vaping.
cannabis vaper
A daily cannabis user who smokers cannabis daily.
daily cannabis smoker
A cannabis user who uses cannabis products daily.
daily cannabis user
An e-cigarette user who engages in e-cigarette use every day.
daily vaper
if not daily e-cigarette user.
If other products are used alongside the e-cigarette this should be noted
daily e-cigarette user
A daily cigarette smoker who is not seeking smoking cessation treatment.
daily tobacco user
unmotivated smoker
Daily smoker
daily non-treatment-seeking cigarette smoker
A cigarette smoker who is tobacco dependent according to a defined and validated measure.
nicotine dependent
tobacco dependent
The measure and data must be presented.
dependent cigarette smoker
An e-cigarette user who self-reports first time ever use of an e-cigarette.
New e-cigarette user
The purpose of this defintion is only to highlight first use. In addition to this it is important to state whether the person using the e-cigarette is a current smoker, ex-smoker or never.
e-cigarette first user
A cannabis smoker who only smokes their cannabis.
cannabis smoker
Intended defintion for those who smoke their cannabis only and do not use cannabis in any other form.
exclusive cannabis smoker
A cannabis vaper who only vapes their cannabis.
cannabis vaper
This defintion is for those who chose to vape their cannabis and are not using their cannabis in any form which involves combustion.
exclusive cannabis vaper
An e-cigarette user who is not a tobacco user.
daily e-cigarette user
Vaper
Exclusive user refers to the complete absence of a tobacco containing product. They could be using another kind of nicotine product such as nicotine transdermal patch.
non-tobacco using e-cigarette user
An ex-smoker who has not smoked for approximately one-year or more.
ex-smoker
This is fuzzy set because the time frame is approximate and needs to be defined in published work.
long-term ex-smoker
An e-cigarette user who does not use their e-cigarette on a daily basis.
non daily vaper
occassional e-cigarette user
The frequency of use should still be quatified if possible and other products e.g., cigarettes, if used alongside should be recorded.
non-daily e-cigarette user
A psychoactive substance user who is not seeking treatment for their substance use at the current time of recording data.
non-treatment seeking
A cannabis user who ingests cannabis through edible products.
This defintion deliberately seperates cannabis smoking from the use of cannabis by edibles.
user of edible cannabis products
An e cigarette part that is the tank for a CE4 e cigarette
CE4 e-cigarette tank
A cannabis vaping device that consists of an internal batter, a chamber for the cannabis and a mouthpiece. They are small, simple to operate and portable.
THC vape pens
dab pen
weed vape pens
Clarify what cannabis is being vaped i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
cannabis vape pen
A toxicant that has an effect on the cardiovascular system.
cardiovascular toxicant
A toxicant that has interferes with homeostasis, normal growth, differentiation or behaviour within the developmental process.
developmental toxicant
A drug quality which involves the acute harmful health effects of the drug.
drug toxicity
A dry herb vaporiser that consists of an internal battery, a chamber for the THC and a mouthpiece. It is small, simple to operate and is portable.
dry herb pen, dry herb tank, dry herb atomizer
weed vape pens
Clarify what type of cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD and/or THC and where possible what %
dry herb vaporiser pen
A liquid product that contains a high percentage of sugar, caffeine or another stimulant and is promoted as a product capable of increasing alertness and reducing fatigue.
energy drink
A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units.
Indicate amount in grams
grams of alcohol
Any class of substances characterised by high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility and high reflectivity of light.
metal
A toxicant that has an effect on the reproductive systsem.
reproductive toxicant
A toxicant that has an effect on the respiratory system.
respiratory toxicant
The effect produced by a substance which contains toxins.
toxic effect
A quality of a toxin substance.
toxicant
An e-cigarette user who has been using e-cigarettes for one year or more.
experienced e-cigarette user
long-term e-cigarette user
An e-liquid that includes nicotine.
nicotine e-liquid
The concentration of nicotine in the e-liquid will usually need to be defined for use of this term to be meaningful.
nicotine-containing e-liquid
A material entity that is a component of another product.
We use the term 'proper part' to ensure clarity in that in formal theories, everything is a part of itself.
product part
An ex-smoker who quit less than a year ago.
former smoker
recent quitter
past smoker
This is a fuzzy because the time frame is not universally agreed and if this term is used, what is meant by recent must be defined.
recent ex-smoker
An e-cigarette retailer that has no commercial or financial association with a tobacco company.
Independent vape shop
independent vape retailer
vape retailer
Independent e-cig shop
independent e-cigarette retailer
A quality or disposition of a product.
product characteristic
This class is intended to allow reference to anything that is either a quality or disposition of a product.
product attribute
A psychoactive substance disposition to cause harm as a result of use by a person.
drug harmfulness
drug-related harm
substance harmfulness
There are many related classes for which the term 'harmfulness' is applied. AddictO uses the term to refer to a disposition. This is different from the actual harm caused in a given situation.
This class is a disposition of a product to cause harm when used by an individual. It needs to be distinguished from actual amount of harm caused by a product in a given situation which will depend on how the product is used and other aspects of the situation in which it is used. It refers to a harm from an individual's use. Harmfulness from use by a population is different because it depends on how how many people use the substance. Harmfulness itself is an aggregate of individual types of harm. This aggregation can be undertaken in an infinite number of ways which means that use of the class is only meaningful when the harm is precisely operationalised.
psychoactive substance individual-level harmfulness
A product disposition that is realised as an amount of harm that it can cause.
This entity is only meaningful when operationalised in terms of whether the harm is per individual user, per person or thing being harmed, or whether it is in a population, and the harm itself is defined and operationalised. If the harm being referred to is harm to health, this must be specified.
product harmfulness
A TB patient that is of adult age and is currently receiving medical care.
Adult age needs to be defined.
adult TB patient
A disease of the respiratory system that causes lung conditions these include emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
COPD
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A person that uses both smokeless tobacco-containing products and concurrently smokers tobacco.
dual user
tobacco smoker
user of tobacco
smokeless user
The type of smokeless product that is being used should be defined. Also, the frequency of dual use should be reported.
dual smokeless-containing product user and tobacco smoker
A person with COPD that reports current use of an e-cigarette.
Vaper with COPD
e-cigarette user with COPD
A smokeless tobacco-containing product user that uses heated tobacco products.
smokeless tobacco user
tobacco user
heat not burn user
heated-tobacco containing product user
A person who is living with HIV and also reports being a current smoker.
HIV positive smoker
person living with HIV who smokes
A person with a clinical status that indicates the person is living with COPD.
person with COPD
A person with COPD that reports being a current smoker.
current smoking patient with COPD
smoker with COPD
person with COPD who currently smokes
A tobacco-containing product user that uses smokeless tobacco.
Smokeless user
There is a wide range of smokeless tobacco-containing products so it is important to state which product/s the user is consuming.
smokeless tobacco-containing product user
A smokeless tobacco-containing product user that reports using snuff.
smokeless user
tobacco user
smokeless tobacco user
snuff user
A person that reports using snus.
snus user
A person living with tuberculosis.
TB patient
A TB patient that reports being a current smoker.
TB patient who smokes
A person who uses tobacco-containing products.
The type of product that is being used must be defined.
tobacco-containing product user
A tobacco-containing product user who reports using a waterpipe.
waterpipe user
waterpipe smoker
A cigarette made of tobacco and cloves.
Kretek
An oil based liquid product that is used in some cannabis vaping devices for the purpose of aerosolization and inhalation by a person.
CO2 oil
butane or propane hash oil
cannabis oil
distillate
hash oil
honey oil
THC oil
Clarify what cannabis the oil consists of i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
cannabis oil
A vaping device part that is part of a cannabis vaping device.
cannabis vaping device part
Toxicity to the extent it causes harm at clinical levels.
clinical toxicity
A tabletop vaporiser that is designed to vape cannabis flower or herbs
desktop or tabletop vaporizer
dry herb vaporiser
Clarify what type of cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD and/or THC and where possible what %
dry herb tabletop vaporiser
The concentration of carbonyls in a portion of e-cigarette vapour.
e-cigarette vapour carbonyl concentration
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/12/e003732
A cigarette pack which contains the full product brand name, logo or visual motif imprinted on it.
fully branded cigarette pack
A term used to categorise a group of drugs that have a high addictive potential.
hard drug
Toxicity which is caused by nicotine.
nicotine toxicity
A cannabis vaping device that is battery operated and therefore easy to carry around.
handheld dry herb vape
portable vape
portable weed vape
handheld vaporiser
Clarify what cannabis is being vaped i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
portable cannabis vaporiser
A cannabis vaping device which is large, usually mains powered and intended for use in one location.
desktop vaporiser
tabletop vaporiser
A disposition of causing harm to an organism.
toxicity
A cancer charity that is focused on cancer research within the UK with a company number 4355631.
CRUK
Cancer Research UK
The US government agency that has responsibility for health protection.
CDC
Centers for Disease Control
The US government agency that has statutary responsibility for regulation of medicinal products.
Food and Drug Administration
A cancer charity that is focused on cancer research and care in Ireland with a the charity number CHY5863.
Irish Cancer Society
An e-cigarette organisation with headquarters based in San Francisco.
JUUL labs
A medical and health care service that is publicly funded to provide care for people in the UK.
NHS
National Health Service
An organization that provides funding support for projects such as investigations.
funder
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001942
grant agency
An organisation which is involved in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of people.
medical and health care service
The use of mulled cigarettes
mulling
A research study that aims to determine the value of carrying out a full-scale study or intervention and how that study or intervention should be implemented.
https://pilotandfeasibilitystudies.qmul.ac.uk/introduction/#:~:text=A feasibility study asks whether, conducted on a smaller scale
There are other definitions available but they do not capture what is needed, including the feasibility and value of a study and finding out how best to carry out the study. This one follows the guidance of Eldridge and colleague .
Feasibility studies can include assessment of study methods as well as whatever is being studied. This definition does not include full-scale studies that assess the feasibility of an intervention.
feasibility study
A feasibility study that evaluates an intervention.
This is a broader class than pilot trial because a a feasibility trial may involve an evaluation that is not a smaller scale version of a full-scale RCT, for example, trying out a range of different interventions or ways of conducting the trial.
feasibility trial
A pilot trial in which a controlled trial is being piloted.
The semantics of this definition are carried by the use of the parent class and the fact that a pilot study is a smaller version of a full-scale study and the full-scale study is a controlled trial.
This entity is intended to provide users with an opportunity to be specific about the nature of the study in that it follows the procedures of a controlled trial where pilot trials include, for example, single arm trials.
pilot controlled trial
A pilot controlled trial in which what is piloted is a randomised controlled trial.
pilot randomised controlled trial
A feasibility study that involves a smaller-scale version or part of the intervention or study whose feasibility is being assessed.
https://pilotandfeasibilitystudies.qmul.ac.uk/introduction/#:~:text=A feasibility study asks whether,conducted on a smaller scale
The aim of this definition is to make a useful and clear distinction from feasibility studies. It uses the definition set out by Eldridge and colleagues .
pilot study
A pilot study in which what is being piloted is a trial that evaluated an intervention.
The aim is to make a clear distinction from both pilot study and feasibility trial. This includes pilot controlled trial as a subclass.
Pilot trials need not be controlled trials. They include single arm trials.
pilot trial
Literature that is an output of research activity
scientific literature
research literature
The revenue received from the sale of alcohol.
alcohol sales revenue
An antagonist at the alpha 4 beta 2* nicotinic cholinergic receptor, but has only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist.
ChEBI only lists nicotinic antagonist ChEBI:48878
alpha 4 beta 2* subtype selective nicotinic acetylcholine partial receptor antagonist
The amount of a substance that needs to be ingested to provide an observable behavioural effect.
behaviourally-relevant dose of a substance
A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a thin small cylinder of dried leaf containing finely chopped tobacco.
beedee
These are usually hand-rolled and include flavouring. They are popular in India. The smoke is usually inhaled into the lungs and so for public health purposes they should be classified with cigarettes.
bidi
A specially designed atomizer which can be adding to a tank system to allow vaping of cannabis.
https://vaping360.com/best-vape-tanks/dry-herb-atomizers/
Clarify what type of cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD and/or THC and where possible what %
dry herb atomizer
A tank system with a dry herb atomizer attached to it to allow the vaping of cannabis
https://vaping360.com/best-vape-tanks/dry-herb-atomizers/
Clarify what type of cannabis is being vaped in the device i.e. CBD and/or THC and where possible what %
dry herb tank
A cigarette whose parts have been purchased separately and assembled by hand or using a device for single assembly.
RYO
own-roll cigarette
roll-your-own cigarette
hand-rolled cigarette
An element with atomic symbol Pb, atomic number 82, and atomic weight 207.2.
UMLS CUI: C0023175
lead
Money that has a revenue role.
revenue
A role that inheres in money by virtue of it being acquired by an economic agent for providing a good or service or as a levy.
revenue role
A smoking product that consists of an open chamber designed to contain organic matter for burning, an enclosed bowl containing water, a flexible hose connected to the bowl and a mouthpiece on the other end, which is used for smoking organic matter.
hubbly-bubbly
narghile
Shisha pipe
https://www.theshishashop.com/blog/2014/03/whats-difference-shisha-hookah/
This is mainly used for smoking tobacco but any kind of organic matter can be smoked using it.
hookah
Oral snuff in which tobacco, moisturizers, sodium carbonate, salt , sweeteners and flavourings are mixed to form a moist product, resulting in very low concentrations of tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
Snus is usually flavoured, but not always. Use usually results in blood nicotine concentrations at least as high as smoking tobacco. They often come in permeable pouches.
It is commercially prepared and is consumed by holding in the mouth for 30 minutes or more and does not require chewing, sucking or spitting.
snus
A cannabis smoker who smokes mulled cigarettes.
mulled cigarette smoker
A role that is provided by a tobacco company.
tobacco funding
A commodity that is formed from parts of the cannabis plant.
marijuana
cannabis
A whole plant that belongs to a species of the genus Cannabaceae.
Hemp
May contain a group of compounds known as cannabinoids that are psychoactive.
cannabis plant
A leaf of the tobacco plant
tobacco leaf
A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette as a combination of a container for e-liquid, an atomiser and systems for controlling the atomiser connected together into a single component.
e-cigarette pod
An e-cigarette in which the e-liquid container can be filled by the user.
tank-type e-cigarette
The age at which a person initiated substance use.
Age of first cannabis use
age of substance use initiation
A psychoactive substance user who is currently using cocaine.
cocaine user
A psychoactive substance user who has a high-risk of adverse outcomes as a result of their substance use.
high-risk substance user
A cannabis user who users medicinal cannabis.
medicinal cannabis user
A person who has never used opioid receptor agonist drugs.
never opioid user
A person who participates in opioid use.
opioid user
An alcohol user who is currently seeking treatment for their alcohol use.
treatment-seeking alcohol user
A substance user who is in contact with a service to receive treatment for a substance use disorder.
treatment-seeking substance user
A woman who self identifies as using psychoactive substances.
woman who uses psychoactive drugs
A woman who has convictions for driving under the influence.
woman with MDUI convictions
A person who is in their late teenage years, or early twenties.
young person
Age range should be specified.
young adult
A young adult who uses alcohol.
Age should be specified
young adult alcohol user
A young adult who self-reports as a binge drinker.
'young adult' and 'binge drinker'
young adult binge drinker
A vaping device that heats dry herbs in order to create a vapour for ingestion by the user into the lungs.
dry herb vaporiser
https://katukina.com/products/rape/matses-nunu
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which dark coloured Mapacho tobacco, inner bark of Mocambo tree and cacahuilo tree are mixed to form an extremely fine dust.
It is prepared in cottage industries and is blown or snorted high into the nostrils.
NuNu
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-Zqo67BjH7UCandpg=PA38andlpg=PA38anddq=how is gundi or kadapan usedandsource=blandots=xLk4geh0hRandsig=ACfU3U1IVfUPFwmdKtSqeE1JNE6Gcc3KYgandhl=enandsa=Xandved=2ahUKEwjB2bep1OnvAhVAgP0HHfw8BDsQ6AEwAnoECAMQAw#v=onepageandq=how is gundi or kadapan usedandf=false
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, , in which cured tobacco, coriander seeds, and other spices are fried separately and ground, then mixed with aromatic resinous oils to form a coarse powder.
Kadapan
Gundi is premade in cottage industry, and it may be chewed as it is or added as ingredient in betel quid.
gundi
A disposition of a psychoactive substance.
psychoactive substance disposition
A combustible tobacco-containing product part that is a component of a cigarette.
cigarette part
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#ghutka
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried, roasted, and finely chopped tobacco is mixed with areca nut, slaked lime , catechu, and other condiments, sweeteners, and flavourings to create dry granular product.
pan/paan masala with tobacco
Gutkha
Gutka is premade commercially or in cottage industry, and it may be held in the mouth and chewed or sucked.
gutka
A material entity that is a product.
physical product
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which different types of tobacco, with or without other ingredients , are wrapped in a betel leaf.
khilli pan/paan
kun Yar
oan/paan with tobacco
The product is custom-made by vendor/individual, and placed in the mouth by users for chewing or holding.
betel quid with tobacco
A product part that is component of a combustible tobacco-containing product.
combustible tobacco-containing product part
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996481/
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which unprocessed and crushed tobacco leaves are bundled in strands.
Hogesoppu is premade in cottage industry, and it may be chewed as it is or added as an ingredient in betel quid.
hogesoppu
A product that is used for burning organic matter and ingesting the smoke that is generated.
This is a class that covers products that are defined by the fact that their use involves ingesting smoke rather than what is ingested or smoked.
smoking product
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco leaves are crushed and boiled into a sticky, heavy black liquid, which is allowed to mature and seasoned with different ingredients to create a tobacco-based paste.
Chim is produced by small family-operated factories or industrially manufactured, and used by placing a small amount between the lip or cheek and the gum and left there for some time , after which it is spit out.
chim
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#iqmik
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fire- or air-cured tobacco leaves are mixed with tree fungus ash or other ash derived from burning driftwood, alder bush or willow bush to form a thick chewable product.
dediguss
blackbull
it is chewed and users may pre-chew the iqmik and place it in a small box for later use.
Iqmik is prepared by the individual user or a family or community member to share
iq'mik
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#dohra
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which different types of tobacco are combined with a mix of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime and flavorings such as peppermint, cardamom to form a wet mixture.
Dhora
Dohra is custom-made by the vendor/individual, and a small amount of it is placed in the mouth and chewed or sucked on.
dohra
A product part that is part of e-liquid.
e-liquid part
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996481/
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which dried raw tobacco stalks and petioles form loose dry sticks.
kaddipudi is premade in cottage industry, and it is either chewed or added as ingredient in betel quid.
kaddipudi
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which finely ground tobacco is mixed with aromatic substances, salts, water, and other hydrating agents to form a tobacco-based paste that is sold in toothpaste-like tubes.
tobacco toothpaste
Creamy snuff is commercially manufactured, and it is applied to teeth and used to clean teeth like regular toothpaste.
creamy snuff
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#khaini
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried or fermented coarsely cut tobacco leaves are mixed with slaked lime and sometimes areca nut to create a flaky form.
surti
khoinee
Khaini is usually custom-made by individual, but also commercially/cottage industry manufactured, and it is placed in the mouth between the gums and cheeks and sucked slowly for 10 15 minutes, or sometimes left overnight in the mouth.
khaini
A quality of a substance having no fixed shape but a fixed volume.
liquid
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which tobacco is fire-cured, fermented and processed into dry fine powder.
snuff
Scotch snuff
Dry snuff may also be sweetened. Dry snuff is commertially manufactured, and it is usually sucked by the user and held orally, but it may also be inhaled through the nostrils.
dry snuff
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#kharra
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6077969/
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco is mixed with areca nut, lime, catechu and additional ingredients to form a coarse powder.
Kharra may be custom-made by vendor/individual or premade in cottage industry, and it is held in the mouth and sucked or chewed.
kharra
A tabletop vaporiser that is designed to vape oil based cannabis products.
Clarify what cannabis is being vaped i.e. CBD or THC and where possible what %
oil based tabletop vaporiser
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which the tobacco leaf, stems, and seeds are fermented, air- and/or fire-cured, mixed with different flavourings, augmented with stimulants , taurine, and vitamins B and C, and processed into moist fine particles or strips .
Energy-enhanced snuff is premade manufactured, and it is placed between the lip or cheek and the gum for holding and sucking.
energy-enhanced snuff
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#kiwam
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled tobacco leaves are soaked in water, then flavoured with powdered spices and additives such as musk and then prepared into a thick paste that may also be formed into granules or pellets.
Qimam
kimam
qiwam
khiwam
Kiwam is commercially manufactured, and it may be chewed alone or inserted into a betel quid.
kiwam
The price a person pays or is charged by a company or person for one cigarette.
price per cigarette
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#gudakhu
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fine leaf tobacco dust is mixed with molasses, red soil, lime, and water to form a tobacco-based paste.
Gudahka
Gudahku
Gudhaku
udakhu is premade manufactured, but can also be made by individuals for personal use, and it is used by rubbing on the teeth and gums with a fingertip for cleaning teeth or leaving in the mouth.
gudakhu
A tobacco use behaviour that involves using a heated tobacco containing product.
heated tobacco containing product use
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which leaf tobacco is air-cured, stemmed, sweetened and flavoured with sugar and liquorice, and cut or granulated into small strips of shredded tobacco
loose leaf chewing tobacco
loose leaf chew
Loose leaf is commercially manufactured and usually sold in pouches, and a piece of the product is either chewed or held in the mouth and sucked.
loose leaf
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#gul
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which pyrolysed tobacco leaves are mixed with ash of tendu leaves to form a fine powder.
it is applied to teeth and gums, usually for cleaning teeth.
Gul is commercially manufactured and sold in small tin cans
gul
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#mainpuri
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of small pieces of tobacco leaves treated in slaked lime, finely cut betel nut, flavouring agents and sandalwood powder to form a coarse granular mixture.
kapoori
The product is made in cottage industry and is chewed, held or sucked in the mouth.
mainpuri
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried tobacco is mixed with ashes from oak, walnut and grapewine and then sprinkled with water to form a moist powder
The product is custom-made by vendor/individual and is applied between the lower lip and gums for 4-5 minutes.
maras
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of sun-cured tobacco flakes, thin shavings of areca nut and slaked lime.
Mawa is custom made by vendor/individual and is consumed by placing in the mouth and chewing for 10 to 20 minutes.
mawa
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of toasted tobacco in a powdered form.
masheri
misri
The product is custom made and is applied to the teeth and gums, sucked or used as a dentifrice for cleaning.
mishri
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of fermented, air- or fire-cured tobacco mixed with flavourings , sweeteners, inorganic salts, humectants and preservatives and processed into moist fine particles or strips .
moist snuff spit tobacco
dip
The product is prepared commercially and is consumed by placing a pinch or dip between the lip or cheek and gum and holding in the mouth or sucking for 30 minutes.
moist snuff
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of dried tobacco leaves, ash, cottonseed or sesame oil, water and sometimes gum which are rolled into balls.
niswar
naswar
The product is custom made and is chewed, held in the mouth and sucked for 10-15 minutes.
nass
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#naswar
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun or heat dried tobacco leaves mixed with slaked lime, water, ash from tree bark, oil or butter flavourings and colouring agents that are rolled into a ball.
nisvai
nasvay
The product is custom made or prepared in cottage industry and is consumed by placing under the tongue or cheek and holding or sucking for 10 to 15 minutes.
nasway
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, that is composed of dried tobacco and made into a fine powder.
nufha
tenfeha
naffa
The product can be premade in cottage industry or custom made and is used nasally to induce sneezing or lighten the head.
neffa
nytimes.com/2010/04/19/business/19smoke.html
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which finely ground tobacco, mint or cinnamon flavouring are mixed to form pellets.
The product is commercially prepared and is used by placing in the mouth, holding, sucking or dissolving like breath mints.
orbs
anilbeediworks.com/tobacco/
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of dried tobacco flakes.
It is prepared commercially and at the time of use, is mixed with the required proportions of lime to form a moist product that is chewed.
pandharpuri
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00507.x
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun-dried flaked tobacco mixed with or without lime.
It is prepared commercially and is consumed by chewing
pattiwala
ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-4269-6-26
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun/fire dried tobacco leaves are mixed with ash to form a quid.
mingkupla
The product is custom prepared and is consumed by chewing or holding in the lower lip or cheek for extended periods of time.
pituri
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#plug
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product.
chaw
plug spit tobacco
pressed leaf
plug chewing tobacco
It is commercially packaged and consumed by chewing, sucking or holding between the cheek and gum.
plug
https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/11/10/1175/1011617
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of moist finely ground tobacco that is packaged into small teabag like sachets.
It is commercially prepared and is consumed by holding in the mouth between the upperlip and gums.
portion snus
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#rape
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which dried tobacco leaf, flavourings such as tonka bean, clove, cinnamon powder, camphor, and in some cases, ashes from select trees are mixed to form a fine powder.
The product is manufactured in cottage industries and consumed by blowing or snorting high into each of the nostrils through a ceremonial pipe made of bone or bamboo.
rap
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#lal
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, herbs and flavourings are mixed to form a fine red powder.
The product is commercially prepared and applied on teeth and gums and used as a dentifrice to clean teeth.
red toothpowder
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa are mixed to form a wet product.
alqat
al-shammah
bajeli
chemma (Algeria
haradi
shamma
sharaci, black shammah
yemeni snuff
el-shamma
It is custom made by vendor or individual and is consumed by sucking or holding between the gum and lower lip or cheek. In Algeria, users may wrap shammah in paper before putting it in the mouth. Orally chewed or held in the mouth
black shammah
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#snuif
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which sun-dried tobacco leaf and ash from local plants are hand mixed to form a finely ground powder.
traditional South African snuff
It is custom made and is used by holding in the mouth or sniffing through the nose.
snuif
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed into soft pellets.
pellet
It is commercially prepared and is consumed by sucking, holding or dissolving in the mouth.
soft pellete
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#dissovable
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form sticks.
It is commercially prepared and is consumed by sucking, holding or dissolving in the mouth.
sticks
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#dissovable
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed into strips.
It is commercially prepared and is consumed by sucking, holding or dissolving in the mouth.
strips
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#ghana
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which dry fermented tobacco is mixed with natron and ground into a fine powder. It can be consumed both nasally or orally.
Nigerian traditional snuff
The product is custom made or packaged in cottage industries and is used by holding in the mouth or sniffing nasally.
taaba
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746834/
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of tobacco which is sometimes flavoured with menthol and sold as small teabag like pouches.
The product is commercially prepared and consumed by placing the single-serve pouch between the cheek and gums, and disposing of when finished.
taboka
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#ghana
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, which is composed of dried tobacco leaf with, saltpeter and ashes which are ground into a fine powder.
Ghana traditional snuff
It is premade in cottage industry or custom made by vendor/individuals and is consumed by holding in the mouth or sniffing nasally.
tawa
https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Smokeless-Tobacco-And-Some-Tobacco-specific-Em-N-Em--Nitrosamines-2007
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of finely ground tobacco , chewing gum base and xylitol.
It is commercially manufactured and used as a chewing gum.
tobacco chewing gum
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of nicotine with flavours like strawberry, peppermint, spearmint, coffee, cinnamon etc and is placed in the mouth like a toothpick. I
It is commercially prepared and is sucked or sometimes chewed to increase the speed of nicotine release.
tobacco coated toothpick
verywellmind.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-nicotine-lozenges-2825034
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, that in which ground tobacco is mixed with various flavouring agents like cinnamon, fruit and mint to form a sugar-free tablet.
It is commercially packaged and is consumed by placing in the mouth and allowing to dissolve over the course of 20 to 30 mins.
tobacco lozenges
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#dissovable
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form tablets.
ariva
cigalet
It is commercially prepared and is consumed by sucking, holding or dissolving in the mouth.
tobacco tablets
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which sun-dried, fermented, then ground and aged tobacco leaves are mixed with a solution of baking soda and water to create a moist form that can be rolled into a ball .
ammari
saffa
saood
sute
saut
query over whether the same product is used nasally - nasal use is not described
Toombak may be premade in cottage industry or custom-made by vendor/individual, and used by holding a small portion is the mouth and sucking slowly for 10 to 15 minutes.
toombak
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco smoke is passed through water and the resulting tobacco water is sold in glass bottles.
hidakphu
tobacco water
tuiber
Tuibur is premade in cottage industry, and the product is either sipped from a bottle or through cotton soaked with tobacco water. It is retained in the mouth or gargled for 5 to 10 minutes before it is spit out.
tuibur
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which air- or fire-cured burley tobacco leaf is treated with a tar-like tobacco leaf extract and sometimes sweeteners and other flavourings, then twisted into rope-like strands that are dried and braided.
chaw
chew
roll
twist chewing tobacco
Twist is handmade by commercial manufacturers, and users typically cut off a piece, place it in the mouth, and chew.
twist
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#zarda
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled and dried tobacco leaves are mixed with lime, spices and vegetable dyes to make a flaky product.
vizapatta
dokta
An oral smokeless tobacco-containing poduct, in which boiled and dried tobacco leaves are mixed with lime, spices and vegetable dyes to make a flaky product. Zarda is commercially manufactured, and it may be chewed by itself, or with chopped areca nuts and spices, or added as an ingredient in betel quid.
zarda
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4117660/#:~:text=Afzal is used by applying,subsequently spit out the rest.
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use in which dried tobacco is mixed with varied additives to create a moist, ground form.
Sweekah
In Afzal, some premade ingredients are mixed to create a custom-made product, which is used by placing a pinch of it between the lips and the gums. Users then suck the juice from Afzal for varying periods of time, often up to 30 min, and spit out the rest.
afzal
An object that is designed by humans to fulfil some function.
DOI:10.3233/AO-190210
This entity is specified in the Product Life Cycle Ontologies reference in the source field. It is not directly imported yet because it is not yet in a form that permits this.
artifact
A material entity that bears a commodity role.
DOI: 10.3233/AO-190210
This is taken from the Product Life Cycle Ontologies specified in the source field. It cannot yet be important because that ontology is not yet set up to allow this.
commodity
A chemical substance that has a disposition to alter the mental functioning of a person.
psychoactive substance
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa are mixed to form a dry product.
alqat
bajeli
chemma (Algeria
haradi
shamma
sharaci, al-shammah
yemeni snuff
el-shamma
It is custom made by vendor or individual and is consumed by sucking or holding between the gum and lower lip or cheek. In Algeria, users may wrap shammah in paper before putting it in the mouth. Orally chewed or held in the mouth
white shammah
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#loose
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which raw tobacco leaf is powdered, flaked or sold in bundles of several long strands.
Leaf tobacco is custom-made by vendor/individual, and it may be chewed alone or in a betel quid or other custom-made product. A regular user consumes one 15cm piece of the strand per day.
oral smokeless tobacco leaf
https://untobaccocontrol.org/kh/smokeless-tobacco/paan-betel-quid-tobacco/#tapkeer
https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/smokelesstobaccoandpublichealth.pdf
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for both oral or nasal use, in which fermented, roasted tobacco is made into a dry, fine powder.
tapkir
tyapkeer
bajar
Bajjar is frequently prepared by individual users at home , and it is typically rubbed on the teeth and gums to clean teeth, but sometimes used nasally.
bajjar
A drug that has a marketing authorisation from a medicines regulatory agency.
licensed drug
A behaviour pattern involving ingestion of tobacco.
tobacco use pattern
A behaviour pattern involving a vaping product.
vaping pattern
E-liquid that includes cannabis or some cannabis extract.
cannabis-containing e-liquid
A data item that is a measure of lung function, and is about the maximal amount of air a person can forcefully exhale in one second.
Forced Expiratory Volume
FEV1
An adverse event that is a risk factors of psychopathology and psychological dysfunction in children and adolescents.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9808931/
adverse life event
A fluid of a biological orgin.
biological fluid
A disposition of a person involving the probability that exposure to some agent or substance will adversely transform cells to replicate and form a malignant tumor over a defined time period.
cancer risk
Alcohol use disorder which is characterised by impairments and/or problems which are extreme in nature.
Give indication of severity and how this is operationalised.
severe alcohol use disorder
A protein coding gene in humans.
GABBR1
A disease involving the cardiovascular system.
cardiovascular disease
The essential features of this diagnosed disorder are prominent anxiety symptoms that are judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of a substance.
MFOMD:0000197
substance-induced anxiety disorder
An adverse effect which is an unintended response to a a specific treatment intervention. A causal relationship with the treatment is a likely possibility.
Adverse reaction
NCIT:C41332
adverse reaction to a treatment
A bodily disposition that is the pressure of circulating blood.
BP
blood pressure
A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing cardiovascular disease over a defined time period.
cardiovascular disease risk
the last trimester of gestation.
The trimester that ranges from the 28th week of pregnancy until delivery
third trimester
An adult who is currently not receiving any form of intervention for psychoactive substance use disorder.
adult not in treatment for substance use disorders
An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of alcohol.
alcohol use disorder
A cardiovascular disease in which plaque, a waxy substance, builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
Coronary artery disease
Adapted from OAE:0002134
coronary heart disease
A person who is between the ages of 13 and 19.
teenager
especially one of the three months of gestation into which a human pregnancy is divided.
A period of three months
trimester
An adult with a diagnosis of an opioid use disorder that is currently a patient.
adult patient aged 18 or older with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder
An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of amphetamine.
amphetamine use disorder
A tobacco user who has either only ever smoked cigarettes or who smoked a cigarette as his or her earliest form of tobacco user.
cigarette first user
A disease which affects any, or all parts of the digestive system.
disease of the digestive system
An adult who has received and diagnosis of opioid use disorder
adult with opioid use disorder
An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of cannabis.
CUD
cannabis use disorder
An addiction that is to a substance containing cocaine.
Cocaine dependence
cocaine addiction
A disease which affects any, or all parts of the respiratory system.
disease of the respiratory system
An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of cocaine.
cocaine use disorder
A former tobacco smoker who has been diagnosed as suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
former tobacco smoker with COPD
A disorder which affects the musculoskeletal system, which provides form, support, stability and movement to the body.
musculoskeletal disorder
A coronary artery disease characterised by myocardial cell death , caused by interruption of the blood supply to the heart.
myocardial infarction
A person who has an opioid use disorder who is in prison.
incarcerated persons with opioid use disorder
A person who has never used a psychoactive drug.
never substance user
An older person who has a diagnosis of an opioid use disorder.
'older person' and 'opioid use disorder'
older adult with opioid use disorder
An addictive disorder in which the behaviour that is the subject of the addiction is use of a opioids
opioid use disorder
Addiction to use of a nicotine-containing product.
nicotine addiction
A woman who is currently pregnant and also has a diagnosis of opioid use disorder.
'pregnant woman' and 'bearer of' some 'opioid use disorder'
pregnant woman with opioid use disorder
An addictive disorder that involves addiction to tobacco use.
tobacco use disorder
The process of passing on the human immunodeficiency virus infections disease from one carrier to another.
HIV transmission
A tobacco smoker that also has a diagnosis of affective disorder.
'tobacco smoker' and 'bearer of' some 'affective disorder'
smoker with affective disorder
An abstainer from the engagement in the use of cannabis.
cannabis abstainer
A person living with HIV.
person with HIV
HIV positive
person living with HIV
A tobacco smoker that also has a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.
smoker with bipolar disorder
A psychoactive substance user who presents with a clinical diagnosis of substance use disorder.
person with substance use disorder
An abstainer from the engagement in the use of psychoactive substances.
psychoactive substance abstainer
An opioid user who is currently seeking treatment for opioid use disorder
treatment-seeking opioid user
A person who is incarcerated in a prison.
prisoner
A person who receives money or goods in exchange for sexual services.
sex industry worker
prostitute
A sex worker may directly or indirectly receive income or goods for their services, this may not be their main occupation, the role may or may not be consensual.
sex worker
A self-identity that represents a relation between oneself and another person or group.
This can be either a self-identity or a group identity. Possible relations may include membership , affiliation or antagonism. The group may be a formal group, informal group or collection of people.
social identity
An urge in which the behaviour that is the target of the feeling is vaping.
urge to vape
An adult who is unable to look after themselves and or who is unable to protect themselves against significant harm or exploitation.
At risk adult
vulnerable adult
A young adult who uses opioids.
Age should be specified
young adult opioid user
A psychoactive substance user who reports use of stimulant drugs.
stimulant drug user
A data item that indicates the number of years an individual was or has been in education.
years of education
An almond-shaped cluster of nuclei located within the medial temporal lobe of the brain, which makes up part of the limbic system, that serves a role in memory, emotional reactions and decision-making.
amygdala
An organisation which specifically raises income for the purpose of the prevention and treatment of alcohol related problems.
alcohol harm prevention organisation
alcohol organistion
An organisation that undertakes assays of presence or amounts of defined chemicals in specifmens
analytical laboratory
An organisation which specifically raises income for the purpose of the prevention and treatment of cancer.
cancer prevention organisation
cancer charity
A role played by an organisation that raises and distributes income for charitable purposes.
charity
A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation for a given sector of the government.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000450
regulatory agency
An organisation formed with a goal to have its members conduct investigations.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000828
research organisation
A quality whose bearer is a drug.
drug quality
An extract from a plant.
plant extract
A social policy whose aim is to reduce the harm to a population from continued use of a psychoactive substance by members of that population.
harm minimisation policy
it can include whole commodities such as tobacco.
This entity is defined in terms of the aims of a policy rather than its effect. It is distinguished from harm reduction behaviour. It includes attempting to get people to reduce their use of the substance, change their pattern of use, change the type or formulation of the substance they consume. Note that the substance does not just include the psychoactive drug
harm reduction policy
Substance use that involves continuing to use a substance while changing the type of substance, formulation of the substance or the amount or manner of use of the substance with the aim of reducing the harm caused.
harm minimisation behaviour
harm reduction behaviour
A policy that is applied by a public body.
public policy
A cocaine use behaviour that involves the use of cocaine.
cocaine use
An economic good role that inheres in some artifact and is realized in some act of appraisal.
Product Life Cycle Ontology https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332535504_An_ontological_approach_to_representing_the_product_life_cycle
product role
A role that inheres in some material entity and is realized in some act of appraisal.
economic good role
An economic good role that inheres in some material entity that is not an object and is realized in some act of appraisal.
commodity role
A material entity that is not an object.
substance
A chemical substance that has a drug role.
drug
A product that is manufactured to be part of a cigarette, located at the end that the user puts to the lips, which blocks some smoke particles from entering the mouth during use.
cigarette filter
A material entity that has an economic good role.
This includes commodities and products.
economic good
Product harmfulness to an individual.
This entity relates to the harmfulness for a given individual. It is distinct from population-level harmfulness which refers to harmfulness to a population. Thus a product may have high individual-level harmfulness but low population-level harmfulness if there are very few users in the population. The individual may be a user of the product or another person .
product individual-level harmfulness
A product that is designed to be a proper part of another product.
product component
Product harmfulness to a population.
This entity refers to the harmfulness for a specified population. It is distinct from individual-level harmfulness which refers to harmfulness for an individual. The harm may be to users or non-users.
product population-level harmfulness
A disposition of a product.
product disposition
A data item which indicates the average time to relapse.
time to relapse
average time to relapse
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/smoking-the-financial-cost
A data item which indicates changes in expenditure on cigarettes between defined time points.
changes in money spent on cigarettes.
changes in money spent on tobacco
reduction in cigarette expenditure
change in expenditure on cigarettes
A behaviour pattern involving an e-cigarette.
e-cigarette use pattern
A subjective emotional feeling which consists of a strong wanting or wishing to have something or for something to happen.
desire
A mental disposition that consists of a strong dislike or disinclination towards an object, situation or behaviour
aversion
An aversion towards cigarette smoking
aversion to smoking
A substance use pattern in which the substance used is alcohol.
alcohol use pattern
A substance use pattern that involves use of cannabis.
cannabis use pattern
A substance use pattern that involves use of heroin.
heroin use pattern
A substance use pattern in which the substance used is an opioid.
opioid use pattern
A nicotine-containing product that some country has granted marketing authorisation as a medicine to replace nicotine from tobacco in an attempt to reduce or stop smoking.
NRT
This class is problematic because as products have evolved distinctions between those receiving a license to be marketed as medicines and those that have not have become blurred. It is better to use the parent class 'nicotine-containing product' or the more accurate 'licensed nicotine-containing product'.
nicotine replacement therapy product
An information content entity that describes the level of motivation involved in an addiction.
addiction strength
A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as an e-cigarette user.
vaper identity
e-cigarette user identity
A plan detailing guidelines, principles, legislation and activities that affect the living conditions conducive to human welfare, such as a person's quality of life.
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/gsso/terms?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008961andviewMode=Allandsiblings=false
This is drawn from the GSSO but with wording and parentage corrected.
social policy
A mental disposition to experience motives in the performance of a professional role that are not aligned with the responsibilities of that role.
Curator note: The definition was adapted from the PLOS definition. https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/s/competing-interests
competing interest
A personal attribute that could lead to a competing interest.
Potential competing interests must be distinguished from competing interests. They should always be declared so that stakeholders can form a judgement about whether bias is likely to be present. However, it would be wrong to assume that they necessarily lead to bias.
potential competing interest
A healthcare facility that provides harm reduction services to substance users.
harm reduction facility
A healthcare facility that treats and manages addictive disorders.
addiction clinic
A facility where some alcoholic beverage can be purchased.
alcohol outlet
An information content entity that is about the number of alcohol outlets per unit area within a geographical location.
alcohol outlet density
A healthcare facility that provides services to people who are pregnant and their partners.
antenatal clinic
A facility that provides housing, health care and social care.
health and social care facility
Accessibility of a service in which the service is addiction treatment.
accessibility of addiction treatment
A country in which English is an official language.
English-speaking country
A healthcare facility that bears a function to provide low intensity healthcare services to patients on a short-term basis, with patients leaving on the same date as arriving
outpatient clinic
outpatient facility
A facility whose purpose is undertaking experiments or taking measurements under controlled conditions.
laboratory facility
A facility that provides accommodation for people.
housing
Housing that is provided for people on low incomes or with particular needs by government agencies or non-profit organizations.
https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/
social housing
A geopolitical region that delimits a government with effective internal and external sovereignty over the region and its population, and which is not dependent on or subject to any other power or Geopolitical Entity.
http://www.ontologyrepository.com/CommonCoreOntologies/Country
Definition taken from the VIDO ontology but this does not have appropriate codes so we have created a separate entity.
country
A geospatial region that delimits the authority of a formally constituted government to exercise its control within the bounded area.
geopolitical region
A site at or near the surface of the Earth.
geospatial region
A disorder that involves mental processes.
MF defines mental disease as a disposition to pathological *mental* processes which is not quite right. Needs work
Should be primarily defined in MF
mental health disorder
A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as good or desirable.
positive self-appraisal
A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as bad or undesirable.
negative self-appraisal
A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as being addicted to something.
addict identity
A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as having been addicted to something but no longer addicted to that thing.
ex-addict identity
A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as being in recovery from addiction and vulnerable to relapse to that addiction.
recovering addict identity
A self-identity in which the person considers themselves to smoke predominantly or exclusively in social situations.
This is not a subclass of tobacco smoker identity because not all social smokers may consider themselves to be smokers as they do not smoke sufficiently often. This class is intended for tobacco smokers.
social smoker identity
A lost self-identity in which the positively appraised past characteristic is that of being a tobacco smoker
lost tobacco smoker identity
A non tobacco smoker identity that is a core identity and a positive identity.
positive core non tobacco smoker identity
A tobacco smoker that is also a spoiled identity.
spoiled tobacco smoker identity
Inequality between different gender groups.
gender inequality
Inequality in health and access to healthcare.
Health inequality can be operationalised in many ways and these need to be specified when the class is used.
health inequality
A quality of a population that is the degree of variation among members of the population on some valued attribute.
The GSSO definition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002956 is not well-formed and so one had to be constructed.
inequality
A person whose identity is male, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being male, usually reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones.
boy
men
male
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000370
man
Male persons who engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex, regardless of how they identify themselves.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000376
man who has sex with men
Male persons who engage in sexual activity with women, regardless of how they identify themselves.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001596
man who has sex with women
Male persons who engage in sexual activity with men and women, regardless of how they identify themselves.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001802
man who has sex with women and men.
a person having a gender identity which is outside of the gender binary .
A person whose gender identity is not exclusively male or female
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000395
non binary person
Inequality between different racial or ethnic groups.
racial inequality
Inequality in access to social or material resources.
social inequality
A person whose gender identity does not match their gender assigned at birth or a person who otherwise identifies as transgender
trans
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000130
transgender person
A person whose identity is female, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being female, usually reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones.
girl
women
female
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000369
woman
Women who engage in sexual activity with men, regardless of how they identify themselves.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001595
woman who has sex with men
Female persons who engage in sexual activity with men and women, regardless of how they identify themselves.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004516
woman who has sex with men and women
Women who engage in sexual activities with other women, whether or not they identify themselves as lesbian, bisexual, heterosexual, or dispense with sexual identification altogether.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000379
woman who has sex with women
A nicotine replacement therapy user who engages in nicotine replacement therapy use every day.
NRT user
daily NRT user
The type of nicotine replacement therapy used should be specified. It may also be useful in the reporting of studies to quantify the amount of NRT used and the strength.
daily nicotine replacement therapy user
This is definition used across studies and also within the reporting of NRT use in the Smoking Toolkit Study: www.smokinginengland.info
A person who participates in nicotine replacement therapy use.
NRT user
The type of nicotine replacement therapy used should be specified. It may also be useful in the reporting of studies to quantify the amount of NRT used and the strength.
nicotine replacement therapy user
An NRT user who does not use their product on a daily basis.
NRT user
Non-daily NRT user
The product or products used should be specified.
non-daily nicotine replacement therapy user
A nicotine replacement therapy user who is not a tobacco user or an e-cigarette user.
exclusive NRT user
Exclusive user referes to the complete absense of tobacco containing products.
exclusive nicotine replacement therapy user
A nicotine replacement therapy user who has been using NRT products for one year or more.
long term NRT use
Long-term NRT user
The NRT product or products used should be specified.
long-term nicotine replacement therapy user
A substance user who engages in tobacco use.
tobacco user
An e-cigarette atomiser quality that is the opposition of its circuit to the flow of current in that circuit.
e-cigarette atomiser resistance
A quality inhering in an e-cigarette atomiser.
e-cigarette atomiser quality
An e-cigarette battery disposition to transfer electrical energy in a circuit containing an atomiser.
e-cigarette battery power
An e-cigarette whose e-liquid contains nicotine.
nicotine-containing e-cigarette
A disposition inhering in a manufactured cigarette
manufactured cigarette disposition
A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of carbon monoxide in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way.
manufactured cigarette machine-smoked carbon monoxide yield
A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of nicotine in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way.
manufactured cigarette machine-smoked nicotine yield
A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be held in the mouth.
This includes chewing tobacco products.
oral tobacco-containing product
A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to draw a nicotine-containing vapour into the respiratory tract so that nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of this tract.
inhaled nicotine-containing product
A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to ingest nicotine through the nasal mucosa.
nasal nicotine-containing product
A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to be attached to the skin so that nicotine can be absorbed through the skin.
transdermal nicotine-containing product
A product that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.
electrical battery
A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of tobacco particles in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way.
manufactured cigarette machine-smoked tar yield
A disposition inhering in an e-cigarette battery.
e-cigarette battery disposition
A cigarette that has a cigarette filter as a part.
filter cigarette
A nicotine-containing product that is designed to be held in the mouth or chewed so that nicotine is absorbed through the buccal mucosa.
oral nicotine-containing product
A bodily disposition which is realised as impaired functioning following reduction or termination of use of a psychoactive substance.
This is distinguished from addiction. The two are often correlated but distinct. Dependence is a disposition to experience impaired functioning, which includes withdrawal symptoms, while addiction is a distinction to experience powerful motivation. The motivation can, but need not be caused by impaired functioning.
substance dependence
Substance dependence in which the dependence is on nicotine.
nicotine dependence
Tobacco addiction where there tobacco-containing product is cigarettes.
cigarette addiction
Addiction to a tobacco-containing product.
tobacco addiction
Craving in which the target of the craving is use of an opioid drug.
opioid craving
Craving that is wholly or mostly triggered by the immediate environment or part of it.
situational craving
Craving in which the target of the craving is use of a tobacco-containing product.
tobacco craving
Craving that is mostly or completely independent of the immediate environment.
This aims to capture craving that is caused by endogenous drive processes or withdrawal symptoms.
background craving
Craving whose target is consumption of an alcoholic beverage.
alcohol craving
An age of substance use initiation in which the substance is tobacco.
age of tobacco use initiation
A substance dependence in which the dependence is on use of cigarettes.
cigarette dependence
A data item that is about how many times tobacco was formerly used.
number of times formerly tobacco used
An identity that includes all of a persons self-identities
composite self-identity
A tobacco smoker identity that is a core identity and a positive identity.
positive core tobacco smoker identity
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how much time elapsed between birth and a certain point.
PATO:0000011
A slight wording change from 'A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.' This captures more precisely that the amount is 'time' rather than using the word 'long' and that it relates to give time point and that existence is defined as time of birth.
human age
A self-identity in which what is represented is appraised as important.
If the characteristic represented is appraised as both important and enduring the appropriate class is 'core identity'.
strong identity
A role can be assigned without being realised. A person realises a role by doing something.
A role that inheres in a human being by virtue of their social and institutional circumstances.
personal role
An aggregate of individual human behaviours of members of a population.
human behaviour
population behaviour
Also referred to in definitions as human behaviour or just behaviour.
A bodily process of a human that involves co-ordinated contraction of striated muscles controlled by the brain.
Individual human activity that involves co-ordinated contraction of striated muscles controlled by the brain.
human behaviour
individual human behaviour
Examples of interventions are putting health warnings on cigarette packets, providing free stop smoking services and banning smoking in public places.
A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome.
intervention
A process that is produced by a person.
individual human activity
An aggregate of people
human population
Individual human behaviour or population behaviour
human behaviour
An attribute of a process
process attribute
Includes everything that can be said about a person: the most general class under which all other qualities, dispositions, roles etc belong.
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in a person.
The population ontology individuals branch defines many personal attributes
personal attribute
A disposition that inheres in a person.
personal disposition
A process attribute that is an attribute of a life process.
personal life attribute
A quality that inheres in a person.
personal quality
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
quality
A process whose beginning is demarcated by accelerating infection acquisition by one or more host species of a particular pathogen in a particular location and whose end is demarcated by the time when the rate of infection acquisition becomes constant.
William R. Hogan
epidemic of infection
A process whose beginning is demarcated by accelerating infection acquisition by one or more host species of a particular pathogen in a particular location and whose end is demarcated by the time when the rate of of infection acquisition becomes constant.
The constant rate may be zero. The period of an epidemic may be defined using statistical criteria based on incidence rates or causal models based on their fit to incidence data.
Epidemic
An example of multiple host species is foot and mouth disease (such as the 2001 epidemic in the UK, see: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/292/5519/1155.long) and swine flu. The foot and mouth disease epidemic affected sheep, pigs, and cattle.
epidemic
infection in an ecosystem
A process comprised of numerous infections and infection acquisitions with a particular pathogen in one or more populations of hosts.
William R. Hogan
A process of ongoing infection and infection acquisition in individuals in one or more populations in an ecosystem.
infection in ecosystem
entity
Entity
entity
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist.
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35120
entity
entities
entitātem
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
per discussion with Barry Smith
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
continuant
Continuant
continuant
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
occurrent
Occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
occurrent
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
per discussion with Barry Smith
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
ic
IndependentContinuant
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
s-region
SpatialRegion
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
spatial region
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
per discussion with Barry Smith
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
t-region
TemporalRegion
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
temporal region
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
per discussion with Barry Smith
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
process
Process
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
BFO:0000015
process
process
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
disposition
Disposition
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
disposition
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
realizable
RealizableEntity
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
realizable entity
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
sdc
SpecificallyDependentContinuant
specifically dependent continuant
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the role of being a doctor
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
specifically dependent continuant
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
per discussion with Barry Smith
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
role
Role
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
role
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
fiat-object-part
FiatObjectPart
or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29
the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.
the Western hemisphere of the Earth
the division of the brain into regions
the division of the planet into hemispheres
the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body
the upper and lower lobes of the left lung
BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions
b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
fiat object
fiat object part
b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
object-aggregate
ObjectAggregate
a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
a symphony orchestra
an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
the aggregate of blood cells in your body
the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
the restaurants in Palo Alto
your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
object aggregate
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
site
Site
Manhattan Canyon)
a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
a rabbit hole
an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
the Grand Canyon
the Piazza San Marco
the cockpit of an aircraft
the hold of a ship
the interior of a kangaroo pouch
the interior of the trunk of your car
the interior of your bedroom
the interior of your office
the interior of your refrigerator
the lumen of your gut
your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
site
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
object
Object
atom
cell
cells and organisms
engineered artifacts
grain of sand
molecule
organelle
organism
planet
solid portions of matter
star
BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
object
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
gdc
GenericallyDependentContinuant
generically dependent continuant
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
p-boundary
ProcessBoundary
the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.
p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
process boundary
p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
material
MaterialEntity
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
bfo
BFO:0000040
material entity
material entity
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
immaterial
ImmaterialEntity
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
process-profile
ProcessProfile
On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
process profile
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.
0
C22H28N2O
InChI=1S/C22H28N2O/c1-2-22(25)24(20-11-7-4-8-12-20)21-14-17-23(18-15-21)16-13-19-9-5-3-6-10-19/h3-12,21H,2,13-18H2,1H3
PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
336.47050
336.22016
CCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCc1ccccc1)c1ccccc1
CHEBI:310077
CHEBI:5012
CAS:437-38-7
DrugBank:DB00813
Drug_Central:1164
KEGG:D00320
PMID:10669565
PMID:10987438
PMID:11585443
PMID:14698188
PMID:16621415
PMID:18462178
PMID:18728103
PMID:30176422
PMID:30305277
Patent:FR1344366
Patent:US3164600
Reaxys:494484
VSDB:1864
Wikipedia:Fentanyl
N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide
chebi_ontology
1-phenethyl-4-(N-phenylpropionamido)piperidine
1-phenethyl-4-N-propionylanilinopiperidine
Duragesic
N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropionamide
N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide
N-(1-phenethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyl-propionamide
N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide
N-phenethyl-4-(N-propionylanilino)piperidine
N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propanamide
fentanilo
fentanyl
fentanylum
phentanyl
CHEBI:119915
fentanyl
CAS:437-38-7
ChemIDplus
CAS:437-38-7
KEGG DRUG
Drug_Central:1164
DrugCentral
PMID:10669565
ChEMBL
PMID:10987438
ChEMBL
PMID:11585443
ChEMBL
PMID:14698188
ChEMBL
PMID:16621415
Europe PMC
PMID:18462178
Europe PMC
PMID:18728103
Europe PMC
PMID:30176422
Europe PMC
PMID:30305277
Europe PMC
Reaxys:494484
Reaxys
N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide
IUPAC
1-phenethyl-4-(N-phenylpropionamido)piperidine
ChemIDplus
1-phenethyl-4-N-propionylanilinopiperidine
ChemIDplus
Duragesic
ChemIDplus
N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropionamide
ChemIDplus
N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide
ChemIDplus
N-(1-phenethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyl-propionamide
ChEMBL
N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide
ChEMBL
N-phenethyl-4-(N-propionylanilino)piperidine
ChemIDplus
N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propanamide
ChemIDplus
fentanilo
WHO_MedNet
fentanyl
WHO_MedNet
fentanylum
WHO_MedNet
phentanyl
DrugBank
A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.
0
C17H21NO
InChI=1S/C17H21NO/c1-14-8-6-7-11-16(14)19-17(12-13-18-2)15-9-4-3-5-10-15/h3-11,17-18H,12-13H2,1-2H3/t17-/m1/s1
VHGCDTVCOLNTBX-QGZVFWFLSA-N
255.35470
255.16231
CNCC[C@@H](Oc1ccccc1C)c1ccccc1
Beilstein:4318684
CAS:83015-26-3
DrugBank:DB00289
Drug_Central:256
HMDB:HMDB0014434
KEGG:D07473
LINCS:LSM-2452
PMID:15338851
PMID:23048018
Reaxys:4318684
Wikipedia:Atomoxetine
(3R)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine
chebi_ontology
(-)-Tomoxetine
Tomoxetina
Tomoxetinum
atomoxetine
tomoxetine
CHEBI:127342
atomoxetine
Beilstein:4318684
Beilstein
CAS:83015-26-3
ChemIDplus
CAS:83015-26-3
KEGG DRUG
Drug_Central:256
DrugCentral
PMID:15338851
Europe PMC
PMID:23048018
Europe PMC
Reaxys:4318684
Reaxys
(3R)-N-methyl-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine
IUPAC
(-)-Tomoxetine
ChEBI
Tomoxetina
DrugBank
Tomoxetinum
DrugBank
atomoxetine
KEGG_DRUG
tomoxetine
DrugBank
A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.
0
C11H15NO2
InChI=1S/C11H15NO2/c1-8(12-2)5-9-3-4-10-11(6-9)14-7-13-10/h3-4,6,8,12H,5,7H2,1-2H3
SHXWCVYOXRDMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
193.24234
193.11028
CNC(C)Cc1ccc2OCOc2c1
CAS:42542-10-9
DrugBank:DB01454
HMDB:HMDB0041931
KEGG:C07577
PMID:15062945
PMID:18570171
Reaxys:158675
Wikipedia:MDMA
1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
chebi_ontology
(RS)-3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine
1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methyl-2-propanamine
DL-(3,4-Methylenedioxy)methamphetamine
MDMA
N,alpha-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-ethanamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
ecstasy
CHEBI:1391
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
CAS:42542-10-9
ChemIDplus
CAS:42542-10-9
KEGG COMPOUND
PMID:15062945
Europe PMC
PMID:18570171
Europe PMC
Reaxys:158675
Reaxys
1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine
IUPAC
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
KEGG_COMPOUND
(RS)-3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine
ChemIDplus
1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-methyl-2-propanamine
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
DL-(3,4-Methylenedioxy)methamphetamine
ChemIDplus
MDMA
ChemIDplus
MDMA
KEGG_COMPOUND
N,alpha-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-ethanamine
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
KEGG_COMPOUND
ecstasy
ChEBI
A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
0
CH3OR
31.034
31.01839
*C(O)([H])[H]
CHEBI:13676
CHEBI:14887
CHEBI:26262
CHEBI:57489
CHEBI:8406
KEGG:C00226
Primary alcohol
chebi_ontology
1-Alcohol
a primary alcohol
primary alcohols
CHEBI:15734
primary alcohol
Primary alcohol
KEGG_COMPOUND
1-Alcohol
KEGG_COMPOUND
a primary alcohol
UniProt
primary alcohols
ChEBI
A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.
0
C2H6O
InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
46.06844
46.04186
CCO
CHEBI:14222
CHEBI:23978
CHEBI:30878
CHEBI:30880
CHEBI:42377
CHEBI:44594
CHEBI:4879
Beilstein:1718733
CAS:64-17-5
DrugBank:DB00898
Drug_Central:1076
Gmelin:787
HMDB:HMDB0000108
KEGG:C00469
KEGG:D00068
KEGG:D06542
KNApSAcK:C00019560
MetaCyc:ETOH
MolBase:858
MolBase:859
PDBeChem:EOH
PMID:11046114
PMID:11090978
PMID:11198720
PMID:11200745
PMID:11262320
PMID:11303910
PMID:11333032
PMID:11505026
PMID:11590970
PMID:11728426
PMID:11750186
PMID:11754521
PMID:11810019
PMID:11826039
PMID:11981228
PMID:12824058
PMID:12829422
PMID:12888778
PMID:12946583
PMID:14674846
PMID:15019421
PMID:15239123
PMID:15285839
PMID:15464411
PMID:15465973
PMID:15749123
PMID:15900217
PMID:15902919
PMID:16084479
PMID:16133132
PMID:16352430
PMID:16390872
PMID:16737463
PMID:16891664
PMID:16934862
PMID:17043811
PMID:17190852
PMID:17663926
PMID:17687877
PMID:18095657
PMID:18249266
PMID:18320157
PMID:18347649
PMID:18408978
PMID:18411066
PMID:18456322
PMID:18513832
PMID:18922656
PMID:18925476
PMID:19280886
PMID:19359288
PMID:19384566
PMID:19458312
PMID:19851413
PMID:19901811
PMID:21600756
PMID:21762181
PMID:21881875
PMID:21967628
PMID:22019193
PMID:22222864
PMID:22261437
PMID:22286266
PMID:22306018
PMID:22331491
PMID:22336593
PPDB:1373
Reaxys:1718733
UM-BBD_compID:c0038
Wikipedia:Ethanol
ETHANOL
Ethanol
ethanol
chebi_ontology
1-hydroxyethane
Aethanol
Aethylalkohol
Alkohol
C2H5OH
Dehydrated ethanol
EtOH
Ethyl alcohol
Methylcarbinol
[CH2Me(OH)]
[OEtH]
alcohol
alcohol etilico
alcool ethylique
etanol
hydroxyethane
spiritus vini
CHEBI:16236
ethanol
Beilstein:1718733
Beilstein
CAS:64-17-5
ChemIDplus
CAS:64-17-5
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:64-17-5
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Drug_Central:1076
DrugCentral
Gmelin:787
Gmelin
PMID:11046114
Europe PMC
PMID:11090978
Europe PMC
PMID:11198720
Europe PMC
PMID:11200745
Europe PMC
PMID:11262320
Europe PMC
PMID:11303910
Europe PMC
PMID:11333032
Europe PMC
PMID:11505026
Europe PMC
PMID:11590970
Europe PMC
PMID:11728426
Europe PMC
PMID:11750186
Europe PMC
PMID:11754521
Europe PMC
PMID:11810019
Europe PMC
PMID:11826039
Europe PMC
PMID:11981228
Europe PMC
PMID:12824058
Europe PMC
PMID:12829422
Europe PMC
PMID:12888778
Europe PMC
PMID:12946583
Europe PMC
PMID:14674846
Europe PMC
PMID:15019421
Europe PMC
PMID:15239123
Europe PMC
PMID:15285839
Europe PMC
PMID:15464411
Europe PMC
PMID:15465973
Europe PMC
PMID:15749123
Europe PMC
PMID:15900217
Europe PMC
PMID:15902919
Europe PMC
PMID:16084479
Europe PMC
PMID:16133132
Europe PMC
PMID:16352430
Europe PMC
PMID:16390872
Europe PMC
PMID:16737463
Europe PMC
PMID:16891664
Europe PMC
PMID:16934862
Europe PMC
PMID:17043811
Europe PMC
PMID:17190852
Europe PMC
PMID:17663926
Europe PMC
PMID:17687877
Europe PMC
PMID:18095657
Europe PMC
PMID:18249266
Europe PMC
PMID:18320157
Europe PMC
PMID:18347649
Europe PMC
PMID:18408978
Europe PMC
PMID:18411066
Europe PMC
PMID:18456322
Europe PMC
PMID:18513832
Europe PMC
PMID:18922656
Europe PMC
PMID:18925476
Europe PMC
PMID:19280886
Europe PMC
PMID:19359288
Europe PMC
PMID:19384566
Europe PMC
PMID:19458312
Europe PMC
PMID:19851413
Europe PMC
PMID:19901811
Europe PMC
PMID:21600756
Europe PMC
PMID:21762181
Europe PMC
PMID:21881875
Europe PMC
PMID:21967628
Europe PMC
PMID:22019193
Europe PMC
PMID:22222864
Europe PMC
PMID:22261437
Europe PMC
PMID:22286266
Europe PMC
PMID:22306018
Europe PMC
PMID:22331491
Europe PMC
PMID:22336593
Europe PMC
Reaxys:1718733
Reaxys
UM-BBD_compID:c0038
UM-BBD
ETHANOL
PDBeChem
Ethanol
KEGG_COMPOUND
ethanol
ChEBI
ethanol
IUPAC
ethanol
UniProt
1-hydroxyethane
ChemIDplus
Aethanol
ChemIDplus
Aethylalkohol
ChemIDplus
Alkohol
ChemIDplus
C2H5OH
ChEBI
Dehydrated ethanol
KEGG_DRUG
EtOH
ChemIDplus
Ethyl alcohol
KEGG_COMPOUND
Methylcarbinol
KEGG_COMPOUND
[CH2Me(OH)]
MolBase
[OEtH]
MolBase
alcohol
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
alcohol etilico
ChEBI
alcool ethylique
ChemIDplus
etanol
ChEBI
hydroxyethane
ChemIDplus
spiritus vini
ChEBI
An aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia.
0
C10H8
InChI=1S/C10H8/c1-2-6-10-8-4-3-7-9(10)5-1/h1-8H
UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
128.17052
128.06260
c1ccc2ccccc2c1
CHEBI:14638
CHEBI:25469
CHEBI:44619
CHEBI:7472
Beilstein:1421310
CAS:91-20-3
Gmelin:3347
HMDB:HMDB0029751
KEGG:C00829
KNApSAcK:C00001259
MetaCyc:NAPHTHALENE
PDBeChem:NPY
PMID:10814889
PMID:11202734
PMID:16220979
PMID:16699520
PMID:17850896
PMID:26875834
PMID:26895256
PMID:27439360
PPDB:1312
Reaxys:1421310
UM-BBD_compID:c0333
Wikipedia:Naphthalene
NAPHTHALENE
Naphthalene
naphthalene
chebi_ontology
Naphthalen
Naphthalin
naftaleno
naftalina
naphtalene
naphtaline
CHEBI:16482
naphthalene
Beilstein:1421310
Beilstein
CAS:91-20-3
ChemIDplus
CAS:91-20-3
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:91-20-3
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:3347
Gmelin
PMID:10814889
Europe PMC
PMID:11202734
Europe PMC
PMID:16220979
Europe PMC
PMID:16699520
Europe PMC
PMID:17850896
Europe PMC
PMID:26875834
Europe PMC
PMID:26895256
Europe PMC
PMID:27439360
Europe PMC
Reaxys:1421310
Reaxys
UM-BBD_compID:c0333
UM-BBD
NAPHTHALENE
PDBeChem
Naphthalene
KEGG_COMPOUND
naphthalene
IUPAC
naphthalene
UniProt
Naphthalen
ChEBI
Naphthalin
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
naftaleno
ChEBI
naftalina
ChEBI
naphtalene
ChEBI
naphtaline
ChEBI
An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.
0
CH2O
InChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2
WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
30.02598
30.01056
[H]C([H])=O
CHEBI:14274
CHEBI:24077
CHEBI:337763
CHEBI:5142
Beilstein:1209228
CAS:50-00-0
DrugBank:DB03843
Drug_Central:3244
Gmelin:445
HMDB:HMDB0001426
KEGG:C00067
KEGG:D00017
MetaCyc:FORMALDEHYDE
PDBeChem:FOR
PMID:110589
PMID:12686735
PMID:15091529
PMID:16423181
PMID:17618393
PMID:18837732
PMID:25042713
PMID:7381846
PMID:7548723
PMID:7689168
PMID:7896413
PMID:9686972
PPDB:359
Reaxys:1209228
UM-BBD_compID:c0122
Wikipedia:Formaldehyde
FORMALDEHYDE
Formaldehyde
formaldehyde
chebi_ontology
FORMALIN
Formaldehyd
Formalin
Methanal
Methylene oxide
Oxomethane
Oxomethylene
CHEBI:16842
formaldehyde
Beilstein:1209228
Beilstein
CAS:50-00-0
ChemIDplus
CAS:50-00-0
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:50-00-0
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Drug_Central:3244
DrugCentral
Gmelin:445
Gmelin
PMID:110589
Europe PMC
PMID:12686735
Europe PMC
PMID:15091529
Europe PMC
PMID:16423181
Europe PMC
PMID:17618393
Europe PMC
PMID:18837732
Europe PMC
PMID:25042713
Europe PMC
PMID:7381846
ChEMBL
PMID:7548723
Europe PMC
PMID:7689168
Europe PMC
PMID:7896413
Europe PMC
PMID:9686972
Europe PMC
Reaxys:1209228
Reaxys
UM-BBD_compID:c0122
UM-BBD
FORMALDEHYDE
PDBeChem
Formaldehyde
KEGG_COMPOUND
formaldehyde
IUPAC
formaldehyde
UniProt
FORMALIN
ChEMBL
Formaldehyd
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Formalin
KEGG_COMPOUND
Methanal
KEGG_COMPOUND
Methylene oxide
KEGG_COMPOUND
Oxomethane
KEGG_COMPOUND
Oxomethylene
KEGG_COMPOUND
A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).
0
COR2
28.010
27.99491
[*]C([*])=O
CHEBI:13427
CHEBI:13646
CHEBI:24974
CHEBI:6127
CHEBI:8742
KEGG:C01450
Wikipedia:Ketone
Ketone
ketones
chebi_ontology
Keton
R-CO-R'
a ketone
cetone
ketones
CHEBI:17087
ketone
Ketone
KEGG_COMPOUND
ketones
IUPAC
Keton
ChEBI
R-CO-R'
KEGG_COMPOUND
a ketone
UniProt
cetone
ChEBI
ketones
ChEBI
An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.
0
C3H6O
InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-2-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
58.07910
58.04186
[H]C(=O)CC
CHEBI:14898
CHEBI:26281
CHEBI:41359
CHEBI:45052
CHEBI:8468
CAS:123-38-6
HMDB:HMDB0003366
KEGG:C00479
MetaCyc:CPD-665
PDBeChem:CBG
PMID:20097366
PMID:21568340
Reaxys:506010
UM-BBD_compID:c0207
Wikipedia:Propanal
Propanal
propanal
propionaldehyde
chebi_ontology
1-Propanal
Aldehyde propionique
C2H5CHO
Methylacetaldehyde
Propaldehyde
Propanaldehyde
Propional
Propionaldehyde
Propionic aldehyde
Propyl aldehyde
Propylaldehyde
Propylic aldehyde
n-Propanal
n-Propionaldehyde
CHEBI:17153
propanal
CAS:123-38-6
ChemIDplus
CAS:123-38-6
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:123-38-6
NIST Chemistry WebBook
PMID:20097366
Europe PMC
PMID:21568340
Europe PMC
Reaxys:506010
Reaxys
UM-BBD_compID:c0207
UM-BBD
Propanal
KEGG_COMPOUND
propanal
UniProt
propionaldehyde
IUPAC
1-Propanal
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Aldehyde propionique
ChemIDplus
C2H5CHO
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
Methylacetaldehyde
ChemIDplus
Propaldehyde
ChemIDplus
Propanaldehyde
ChemIDplus
Propional
ChemIDplus
Propionaldehyde
KEGG_COMPOUND
Propionic aldehyde
ChemIDplus
Propyl aldehyde
ChemIDplus
Propylaldehyde
ChemIDplus
Propylic aldehyde
ChemIDplus
n-Propanal
ChemIDplus
n-Propionaldehyde
NIST_Chemistry_WebBook
A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.
0
CO
InChI=1S/CO/c1-2
UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
28.01010
27.99491
[C-]#[O+]
CHEBI:13281
CHEBI:23013
CHEBI:3282
CHEBI:41526
Beilstein:1900508
Beilstein:3535285
Beilstein:3587264
CAS:630-08-0
Gmelin:421
HMDB:HMDB0001361
KEGG:C00237
KEGG:D09706
MetaCyc:CARBON-MONOXIDE
MolBase:753
PDBeChem:CMO
PMID:10085152
PMID:10679539
PMID:11572959
PMID:14527438
PMID:14563665
PMID:15127883
PMID:15598489
PMID:16371440
PMID:16520836
PMID:17041734
PMID:18094356
PMID:19909254
PMID:23762709
PMID:7022476
PMID:8240252
PMID:8620577
UM-BBD_compID:c0369
Wikipedia:Carbon_monoxide
CARBON MONOXIDE
Carbon monoxide
carbon monooxide
carbon monoxide
carbon(II) oxide
chebi_ontology
C#O
CO
[CO]
CHEBI:17245
carbon monoxide
Beilstein:1900508
Beilstein
Beilstein:3535285
Beilstein
Beilstein:3587264
Beilstein
CAS:630-08-0
ChemIDplus
CAS:630-08-0
KEGG COMPOUND
CAS:630-08-0
NIST Chemistry WebBook
Gmelin:421
Gmelin
PMID:10085152
Europe PMC
PMID:10679539
Europe PMC
PMID:11572959
Europe PMC
PMID:14527438
Europe PMC
PMID:14563665
Europe PMC
PMID:15127883
Europe PMC
PMID:15598489
Europe PMC
PMID:16371440
Europe PMC
PMID:16520836
Europe PMC
PMID:17041734
Europe PMC
PMID:18094356
Europe PMC
PMID:19909254
Europe PMC
PMID:23762709
Europe PMC
PMID:7022476
Europe PMC
PMID:8240252
Europe PMC
PMID:8620577
Europe PMC
UM-BBD_compID:c0369
UM-BBD
CARBON MONOXIDE
PDBeChem
Carbon monoxide
KEGG_COMPOUND
carbon monooxide
IUPAC
carbon monoxide
IUPAC
carbon(II) oxide
IUPAC
C#O
ChEBI
CO
KEGG_COMPOUND
CO
UniProt
[CO]
MolBase
A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.
0
CHOR
29.01800
29.00274
[H]C([*])=O
CHEBI:13432
CHEBI:13753
CHEBI:13805
CHEBI:13806
CHEBI:22291
CHEBI:2554
CHEBI:8750
KEGG:C00071
Aldehyde
aldehyde
aldehydes
chebi_ontology
Aldehyd
RC(=O)H
RCHO
aldehido
aldehidos
aldehydes
aldehydum
an aldehyde
CHEBI:17478
aldehyde
Aldehyde
KEGG_COMPOUND
aldehyde
ChEBI
aldehyde
IUPAC
aldehydes
IUPAC
Aldehyd
ChEBI
RC(=O)H
IUPAC
RCHO
KEGG_COMPOUND
aldehido
ChEBI
aldehidos
ChEBI
aldehydes
ChEBI
aldehydum
ChEBI
an aldehyde
UniProt
A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicotine.
Beilstein:82108
Beilstein:82111
CAS:22083-74-5
DrugBank:DB00184
HMDB:HMDB0014330
KEGG:C16150
KNApSAcK:C00002057
PMID:10751565
PMID:11192937
PMID:11471991
PMID:11559179
PMID:11682702
PMID:11714820
PMID:11719700
PMID:11801622
PMID:11818389
PMID:11860617
PMID:12197757
PMID:12700710
PMID:12965231
PMID:14715938
PMID:15183514
PMID:15251917
PMID:15313135
PMID:15458549
PMID:15707677
PMID:15894687
PMID:15960296
PMID:15961264
PMID:16496293
PMID:16950410
PMID:17167832
PMID:17206646
PMID:17438652
PMID:17498149
PMID:17942810
PMID:18077004
PMID:18311975
PMID:18380035
PMID:18383130
PMID:18651995
PMID:18922921
PMID:19100331
PMID:19287496
PMID:19389046
PMID:19465085
PMID:20338106
PMID:20528766
PMID:21636612
PMID:21822688
PMID:21945235
PMID:22129149
PMID:22218403
PMID:22331007
PMID:22377934
PMID:22448647
PMID:22459798
PMID:22529223
PMID:22573728
PMID:22585541
PMID:22589423
PMID:22770225
PMID:22792725
PMID:22855884
PMID:22930863
PMID:22935730
PMID:23108361
PMID:23117126
PMID:7097594
PMID:7564279
PMID:7566693
PMID:7807214
PMID:7896575
PMID:8156919
PMID:8545712
PMID:8764340
PMID:9203638
PMID:9450943
PMID:9621392
Reaxys:82108
UM-BBD_compID:c0468
Wikipedia:Nicotine
rac-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
chebi_ontology
(+-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine
(+-)-nicotine
(R,S)-nicotine
(RS)-nicotine
nicotin
nikotin
CHEBI:18723
nicotine
Beilstein:82108
Beilstein
Beilstein:82111
Beilstein
CAS:22083-74-5
ChemIDplus
CAS:22083-74-5
KEGG COMPOUND
PMID:10751565
Europe PMC
PMID:11192937
Europe PMC
PMID:11471991
Europe PMC
PMID:11559179
Europe PMC
PMID:11682702
Europe PMC
PMID:11714820
Europe PMC
PMID:11719700
Europe PMC
PMID:11801622
Europe PMC
PMID:11818389
Europe PMC
PMID:11860617
Europe PMC
PMID:12197757
Europe PMC
PMID:12700710
Europe PMC
PMID:12965231
Europe PMC
PMID:14715938
Europe PMC
PMID:15183514
Europe PMC
PMID:15251917
Europe PMC
PMID:15313135
Europe PMC
PMID:15458549
Europe PMC
PMID:15707677
Europe PMC
PMID:15894687
Europe PMC
PMID:15960296
Europe PMC
PMID:15961264
Europe PMC
PMID:16496293
Europe PMC
PMID:16950410
Europe PMC
PMID:17167832
Europe PMC