# Accessibility Checklist Quick reference for WCAG 2.1 AA compliance. Use alongside the `frontend-ui-engineering` skill. ## Table of Contents - [Essential Checks](#essential-checks) - [Common HTML Patterns](#common-html-patterns) - [Testing Tools](#testing-tools) - [Quick Reference: ARIA Live Regions](#quick-reference-aria-live-regions) - [Common Anti-Patterns](#common-anti-patterns) ## Essential Checks ### Keyboard Navigation - [ ] All interactive elements focusable via Tab key - [ ] Focus order follows visual/logical order - [ ] Focus is visible (outline/ring on focused elements) - [ ] Custom widgets have keyboard support (Enter to activate, Escape to close) - [ ] No keyboard traps (user can always Tab away from a component) - [ ] Skip-to-content link at top of page - visible (at least) on keyboard focus - [ ] Modals trap focus while open, return focus on close ### Screen Readers - [ ] All images have `alt` text (or `alt=""` for decorative images) - [ ] All form inputs have associated labels (`` or `aria-label`) - [ ] Buttons and links have descriptive text (not "Click here") - [ ] Icon-only buttons have `aria-label` - [ ] Page has one `

` and headings don't skip levels - [ ] Dynamic content changes announced (`aria-live` regions) - [ ] Tables have `` headers with scope ### Visual - [ ] Text contrast ≥ 4.5:1 (normal text) or ≥ 3:1 (large text, 18px+) - [ ] UI components contrast ≥ 3:1 against background - [ ] Color is not the only way to convey information - [ ] Text resizable to 200% without breaking layout - [ ] No content that flashes more than 3 times per second ### Forms - [ ] Every input has a visible label - [ ] Required fields indicated (not by color alone) - [ ] Error messages specific and associated with the field - [ ] Error state visible by more than color (icon, text, border) - [ ] Form submission errors summarized and focusable - [ ] Known fields use autocomplete (for example `type="email" autocomplete="email"`) ### Content - [ ] Language declared (``) - [ ] Page has a descriptive `` - [ ] Links distinguish from surrounding text (not by color alone) - [ ] Touch targets ≥ 44x44px on mobile - [ ] Meaningful empty states (not blank screens) ## Common HTML Patterns ### Buttons vs. Links ```html  <button onClick={handleDelete}>Delete Task</button>  <a href="/tasks/123">View Task</a>  <div onClick={handleDelete}>Delete</div>  ``` ### Form Labels ```html  <label htmlFor="email">Email address</label> <input id="email" type="email" required />  <label> Email address <input type="email" required /> </label>  <input type="search" aria-label="Search tasks" /> ``` ### ARIA Roles ```html  <nav aria-label="Main navigation">...</nav> <nav aria-label="Footer links">...</nav>  <div role="status" aria-live="polite">Task saved</div>  <div role="alert">Error: Title is required</div>  <dialog aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="dialog-title"> <h2 id="dialog-title">Confirm Delete</h2> ... </dialog>  <div aria-busy="true" aria-label="Loading tasks"> <Spinner /> </div> ``` ### Accessible Lists ```html <ul role="list" aria-label="Tasks"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="task-1" aria-label="Complete: Buy groceries" /> <label htmlFor="task-1">Buy groceries</label> </li> </ul> ``` ## Testing Tools ```bash # Automated audit npx axe-core # Programmatic accessibility testing npx pa11y # CLI accessibility checker # In browser # Chrome DevTools → Lighthouse → Accessibility # Chrome DevTools → Elements → Accessibility tree # Screen reader testing # macOS: VoiceOver (Cmd + F5) # Windows: NVDA (free) or JAWS # Linux: Orca ``` ## Quick Reference: ARIA Live Regions | Value | Behavior | Use For | |-------|----------|---------| | `aria-live="polite"` | Announced at next pause | Status updates, saved confirmations | | `aria-live="assertive"` | Announced immediately | Errors, time-sensitive alerts | | `role="status"` | Same as `polite` | Status messages | | `role="alert"` | Same as `assertive` | Error messages | ## Common Anti-Patterns | Anti-Pattern | Problem | Fix | |---|---|---| | `div` as button | Not focusable, no keyboard support | Use `<button>` | | Missing `alt` text | Images invisible to screen readers | Add descriptive `alt` | | Color-only states | Invisible to color-blind users | Add icons, text, or patterns | | Autoplaying media | Disorienting, can't be stopped | Add controls, don't autoplay | | Custom dropdown with no ARIA | Unusable by keyboard/screen reader | Use native `<select>` or proper ARIA listbox | | Removing focus outlines | Users can't see where they are | Style outlines, don't remove them | | Empty links/buttons | "Link" announced with no description | Add text or `aria-label` | | `tabindex > 0` | Breaks natural tab order | Use `tabindex="0"` or `-1` only |