Annotation
literal: v3c

Annotation
literal: v2a: ETURWG GM40 v2b: ETURWG GM41 v2c: ETURWG GM49 v2d: ETURWG GM55 v3: ETURWG GM83 v3a: ETURWG GM90 V3b: ETURWG GM102 F18 F2F Current: v3c Development: v5.0.0

Annotation
literal: v5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Availability
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Availability
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #CommonSenseKnowledge
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #CommonSenseKnowledge
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Competency
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Competency
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Confidentiality
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Confidentiality
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Configurality
literal: [NOT REVIEWED as of GM55] Ability of an uncertainty representation to support combining uncertainty about many propositions and/or variables, of different types, with different types of uncertainty.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #DataInput
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #DataOutput
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #DataProcessingTechnique
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Dependency
literal: Ability of the uncertainty representation to capture dependency among propositions (e.g., cause and effect, relevance, statistical association).

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #EvaluationMeasure
literal: Examples covers: STANAG2511Credibility, STANAG2511Reliability, Shanon entropy...

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #EvaluationMeasure
literal: TODO: what about quantitative versus qualitiative?

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #EvaluationMeasure
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #EvaluationMeasure
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #EvaluationProcess
literal: Entities of the Evaluation class are actual evaluations. According to Patton, Evaluation is a process that critically examines a program. It involves collecting and analyzing information about a program's activities, characteristics, and outcomes. Its purpose is to make judgments about a program, to improve its effectiveness, and/or to inform programming decisions. Patton, M.Q. (1987). Qualitative Research Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishers.).

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #EvaluationSubject
literal: An Evaluation Subject is an item which can be assessed according to the criteria defined in the URREF ontology.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Explainability
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Explainability
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #FusionMethod
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #FusionMethod
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #FusionSystemComponent
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #FusionSystemComponent
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #FusionSystemProcess
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #FusionSystemProcess
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #GenericKnowledge
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #GenericKnowledge
literal: TODO: ref (ChatGPT paper)

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #GenericKnowledge
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #HigherOrderUncertainty
literal: [NOT REVIEWED as of GM55] Ability of the system to represent uncertainty about the uncertainty model, including parameters, structure, and/or type of model.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InformationHandlingCriterion
literal: Renamed from "DataHandlingCriterion" in version 5.0.0.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InformationHandlingCriterion
literal: Measure of the way data is managed by the fusion system.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InformationHandlingCriterion
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InformationHandlingMethod
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #InformationHandlingMethod
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Integrity
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Integrity
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Interpretability
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Interpretability
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #LogicalRule
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #LogicalRule
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Observation
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Observation
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #ObservationalSensitivity
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #ObservationalSensitivity
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Outcomes
literal: [NOT REVIEWED as of GM55] Ability to represent different kinds of outcomes for uncertain variables, e.g., Boolean, qualitative categorical, ordinal, discrete numerical, continuous.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #PhysicalRule
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #PhysicalRule
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Relational
literal: [NOT REVIEWED as of GM55] Ability to represent uncertainty about domains with relational structure, e.g., attribute value uncertainty; reference uncertainty; type uncertainty; existence uncertainty.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Reliability
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Reliability
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Reputation
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Reputation
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #STANAG2511
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #STANAG2511Credibility
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #STANAG2511Reliability
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SelfConfidence
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SelfConfidence
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SensorMeasurement
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SensorMeasurement
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SingularEvidence
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SingularEvidence
literal: TODO: ref (ChatGPT paper)

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SingularEvidence
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SourceCriterion
literal: Any feature of the source which will affect the quality of the information provided by the source.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #SourceCriterion
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #StatisticalModel
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #StatisticalModel
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Testimony
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Testimony
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Transparency
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Transparency
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Trust
literal: TODO: placeholder to import trust ontologies

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #Trust
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #UncertaintyModel
literal: Renamed from "UncertaintyFunction" in version 5.0.0.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #UncertaintyModel
literal: TODO: - a probability function - a support over something

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #UncertaintyModel
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #UncertaintyReasoning
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #UncertaintyReasoning
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #UncertaintySupport
literal: TODO: what you are certain about.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #appliesTo
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #appliesTo
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #appliesToHandling
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #appliesToHandling
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #appliesToReasoning
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #appliesToReasoning
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #appliesToRepresentation
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #appliesToRepresentation
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #basedOn
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #basedOn
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #employs
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #employs
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #impacts
literal: TODO: decide whether associations are pascalCase or CamelCase.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #impacts
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #measures
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: #measures
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Accuracy
literal: Closeness of agreement between an evaluation subject value and the true value of the quantity or quality being evaluated.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Adaptability
literal: Ability of the representational model to allow for different configurations of the model.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Assessment
literal: Measure of the ability of the system to handle the types of uncertainty assessments (e.g., verbal, quantitative, combined) needed for a given problem, and to distinguish them from one another.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Compatibility
literal: Measure of how compatible a given knowledge representation is to data standards, and should be related to the degree of flexibility it has in being coded with various standards.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#ComputationalCost
literal: Moved from "ReasoningCriterion" in version 5.0.0.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#ComputationalCost
literal: Measure of how much of the system’s computational resources are required by a given representational technique to produce its results.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#ComputationalCost
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Consistency
literal: Measure of the ability of the reasoning process to produce the same results when provided with the same data under the same conditions.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Credibility
literal: Measure of the degree to which an evaluation subject can be believed or accepted as true, real, or honest.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#EvaluationCriterion
literal: Encompasses all the different aspects that must be considered when evaluating uncertainty handling in multi-sensor fusion systems

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Expressiveness
literal: Measure of the power of a knowledge representation formalism to convey all relevant aspects of a given fusion problem.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#InformationCriterion
literal: Renammed from "DataCriteron" as of version 5.0.0.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#InformationCriterion
literal: Evaluation Criteria that concern aspects of information and their relationship to source, the object being reported upon, and the objectives of the fusion process.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#InformationCriterion
literal: 4

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#InformationCriterion
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Interpretation
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Interpretation
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#KnowledgeHandling
literal: Measure the ability of a given uncertainty representation technique to convey knowledge.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Objectivity
literal: Measure of the extent to which an evaluation subject reports about a matter of fact in an unbiased manner.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Objectivity
literal: 4

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Objectivity
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#ObservationalSensitivity
literal: Quotient of the change in a result of evaluation subject and the corresponding change in a value of a quality being observed.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#ObservationalSensitivity
literal: 4

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#ObservationalSensitivity
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#PerformanceCriterion
literal: Moved from "ReasoningCriterion" and renamed from "Performance" in version 5.0.0.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#PerformanceCriterion
literal: Measure how suitable the representational model is to handle the functional requirements of an information fusion system. Other system architecture factors also affect these metrics.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#PerformanceCriterion
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Precision
literal: TODO, decide between : - The extent to which a piece of information covers different values. - The extent to which the domain of the information is constrained. - Previous definition: "Closeness of agreement between indications or measured quantity values obtained by replicate measurements on the same or similar evaluation subjects under specified conditions."

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Quality
literal: Ability to assess the degree of informational quality of the data

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#ReasoningCriterion
literal: Encompasses criteria directly affecting how an information fusion system transforms its input data into knowledge. It can also be called as process or inference criteria, as it deals with how the uncertainty model performs operations with information.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#RelevanceToProblem
literal: Measure the degree to which an evaluation subject has direct bearing on the objectives of the fusion process.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#RepresentationCriterion
literal: Encompasses criteria related to how uncertainty is characterized, captured and stored in a manner that can be processed by the fusion system.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Scalability
literal: Measure of the ability to handle a growing amount of work in a capable manner or its ability to be enlarged to accommodate that growth.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#SelfConfidence
literal: Measure of the evaluation subject's assessment of its own credibility.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#SelfConfidence
literal: 4

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#SelfConfidence
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Simplicity
literal: Assesses the information system's ability to execute common operations without requiring deep knowledge about its inner details.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Soudness
literal: Changed name in version 5.0.0: from "Correctness" to "Soundness".

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Soudness
literal: The quality of being based on valid reason or good judgement.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Soudness
literal: 4

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Soudness
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Source
literal: A source is the origin of the information.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Throughput
literal: Measure of the average (and (possibly peak) rate of conversion of inputs to outputs.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Throughput
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Timeliness
literal: Measure of the ability to produce results within a required timeframe.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Timeliness
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Traceability
literal: Measure of the ability of a fusion system to provide an accurate and unbroken historical record of its inputs and the chain of operations that led to its conclusions.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#UncertainEvidence
literal: Moved as a subclass of InformationCriterion in version 5.0.0.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#UncertainEvidence
literal: TODO

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#UncertainEvidence
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Veracity
literal: Measure of the extent to which a source reports what it assesses to be the case.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Veracity
literal: 4

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#Veracity
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#WeightOfInformation
literal: Renamed from "WeightOfEvidence" in version 5.0.0.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#WeightOfInformation
literal: Measure of the degree of impact of an evaluation subject on the result of fusion.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#WeightOfInformation
literal: 4

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://eturwg.c4i.gmu.edu/ontologies/URREF.owl#WeightOfInformation
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#BeliefFunctions
literal: Belief functions are closely related to probabilities. Beliefs in a hypothesis is calculated as the sum of the masses of all sets it encloses. A belief function differs from a Bayesian probability model in that one does not condition on those parts of the evidence for which no probabilities are specified. This ability to explicitly model the degree of ignorance makes the theory very appealing and has been applied in areas such as inconsistency handling in OWL ontologies (Nikolov et al., 2007) and ontology mapping (e.g. Yaghlane and Laamari, 2007).

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#Evidence
literal: An expression in some logical language that evaluates to a truth-value (formula, axiom, assertion). It is then assumed that information will be presented in the form of sentences. So the uncertainty will be associated with sentences.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#Evidence
literal: Evidence, for the purpose of this ontology is considered to be equivalent to: - Sentence - Information

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#Evidence
literal: true

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#Evidence
literal: 5.0.0

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#FuzzySets
literal: In contrast to probabilistic formalisms, which allow for representing and processing degrees of uncertainty about ambiguous pieces of information, fuzzy formalisms allow for representing and processing degrees of truth about vague (or imprecise) pieces of information. It is important to point out that vague statements are truth-functional, that is, the degree of truth of a vague complex statement (which is constructed from elementary vague statements via logical operators) can be calculated from the degrees of truth of its constituents, while uncertain complex statements are generally not a function of the degrees of uncertainty of their constituents (Dubois and Prade, 1994).

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#Probability
literal: Probability theory provides a mathematically sound representation language and formal calculus for rational degrees of belief, which gives different agents the freedom to have different beliefs about a given hypothesis.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#RandomSets
literal: A rough set, first described by a Polish computer scientist Zdzisław I. Pawlak, is a formal approximation of a crisp set (i.e., conventional set) in terms of a pair of sets which give the lower and the upper approximation of the original set. In the standard version of rough set theory (Pawlak 1991), the lower- and upper-approximation sets are crisp sets, but in other variations, the approximating sets may be fuzzy set

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#UncertaintyDerivation
literal: Uncertainty derivation refers to the way it can be assessed. That is, how the uncertainty metrics can be derived.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#UncertaintyNature
literal: This captures the information about the nature of the uncertainty, i.e., whether the uncertainty is inherent in the phenomenon expressed by the sentence, or it is the result of lack of knowledge of the agent.

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#UncertaintyType
literal: For the purposes of this ontology, Uncertainty type is equivalent to: - type of imperfection

AnnotationAssertion
IRI: http://www.owl-ontologies.com/Ontology1181490123.owl#UncertaintyType
literal: Uncertainty Type is a concept that focuses on underlying characteristics of the information that make it uncertain.