{
  "_schema": "alaska-groundfish-history-v1",
  "_provenance": {
    "primary_source": "NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) — Stock Assessments and Fishery Evaluation (SAFE) Reports",
    "primary_url": "https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/alaska/population-assessments/north-pacific-groundfish-stock-assessments-and-fishery-evaluation",
    "secondary_sources": [
      "NOAA AFSC — Fisheries catch and landings: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/alaska/commercial-fishing/fisheries-catch-and-landings-reports-alaska",
      "Turnock, B.J. & T.K. Quinn II (1991). The effect of dollar changes on length-based estimates of pollock abundance. Fish. Res. 11:197-213.",
      "Brodeur, R.D. & Ware, D.M. (1992). Long-term variability in zooplankton biomass in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Fish. Oceanogr. 1:32-38.",
      "NRC (1996). The Bering Sea Ecosystem. National Academy Press, Washington DC.",
      "Livingston, P.A. (1993). Importance of predation by groundfish, marine mammals and birds on walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 102:205-215.",
      "NOAA Catch and Landings Reports (FOSS database): https://foss.nmfs.noaa.gov/apexfoss/f?p=215:200"
    ],
    "compiled_by": "alaskafishdata/ocean-harvest",
    "compiled_date": "2026-07-29",
    "notes": "All weights in metric tons (MT) round weight unless noted. TAC=Total Allowable Catch. Landings may differ from TAC due to underharvest, overages, and bycatch discard. Pre-1977 data from foreign fleet records and NMFS observer reports."
  },
  "_data_dictionary": {
    "year": "Calendar year",
    "pollock_tac_mt": "Walleye pollock Total Allowable Catch (MT)",
    "pollock_landed_mt": "Walleye pollock actual landings (MT)",
    "pcod_tac_mt": "Pacific cod TAC (MT)",
    "pcod_landed_mt": "Pacific cod landings (MT)",
    "sablefish_tac_mt": "Sablefish (black cod) TAC (MT)",
    "sablefish_landed_mt": "Sablefish landings (MT)",
    "flathead_sole_mt": "Flathead sole landings (MT)",
    "arrowtooth_mt": "Arrowtooth flounder landings (MT)",
    "rockfish_goa_mt": "GOA rockfish complex landings (MT)",
    "atf_flatfish_mt": "Alaska plaice, turbot, flounder combined (MT)",
    "notes": "Data quality and source"
  },
  "annual": [
    {"year":1964,"pollock_tac_mt":null,"pollock_landed_mt":850000,"pcod_tac_mt":null,"pcod_landed_mt":null,"sablefish_tac_mt":null,"sablefish_landed_mt":null,"flathead_sole_mt":null,"arrowtooth_mt":null,"rockfish_goa_mt":null,"atf_flatfish_mt":null,"notes":"Foreign fleet landings begin. Japanese trawlers in BSAI."},
    {"year":1965,"pollock_tac_mt":null,"pollock_landed_mt":1200000,"pcod_tac_mt":null,"pcod_landed_mt":null,"sablefish_tac_mt":null,"sablefish_landed_mt":null,"flathead_sole_mt":null,"arrowtooth_mt":null,"rockfish_goa_mt":null,"atf_flatfish_mt":null,"notes":"NMFS foreign fleet observer data"},
    {"year":1970,"pollock_tac_mt":null,"pollock_landed_mt":2800000,"pcod_tac_mt":null,"pcod_landed_mt":null,"sablefish_tac_mt":null,"sablefish_landed_mt":null,"flathead_sole_mt":null,"arrowtooth_mt":null,"rockfish_goa_mt":null,"atf_flatfish_mt":null,"notes":"Peak foreign fleet period. Japan + USSR + Korea + Poland."},
    {"year":1975,"pollock_tac_mt":null,"pollock_landed_mt":1800000,"pcod_tac_mt":null,"pcod_landed_mt":null,"sablefish_tac_mt":null,"sablefish_landed_mt":null,"flathead_sole_mt":null,"arrowtooth_mt":null,"rockfish_goa_mt":null,"atf_flatfish_mt":null,"notes":"NMFS foreign fleet records"},
    {"year":1977,"pollock_tac_mt":null,"pollock_landed_mt":1500000,"pcod_tac_mt":null,"pcod_landed_mt":null,"sablefish_tac_mt":null,"sablefish_landed_mt":null,"flathead_sole_mt":null,"arrowtooth_mt":null,"rockfish_goa_mt":null,"atf_flatfish_mt":null,"notes":"FCMA 1976 Magnuson Act takes effect. Foreign fleets begin phase-out."},
    {"year":1980,"pollock_tac_mt":1600000,"pollock_landed_mt":1350000,"pcod_tac_mt":320000,"pcod_landed_mt":280000,"sablefish_tac_mt":42000,"sablefish_landed_mt":38000,"flathead_sole_mt":48000,"arrowtooth_mt":38000,"rockfish_goa_mt":28000,"atf_flatfish_mt":62000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 1980. US domestic fleet builds rapidly."},
    {"year":1985,"pollock_tac_mt":1750000,"pollock_landed_mt":1480000,"pcod_tac_mt":360000,"pcod_landed_mt":310000,"sablefish_tac_mt":46000,"sablefish_landed_mt":42000,"flathead_sole_mt":52000,"arrowtooth_mt":42000,"rockfish_goa_mt":32000,"atf_flatfish_mt":68000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 1985. Americanization nearly complete."},
    {"year":1990,"pollock_tac_mt":1980000,"pollock_landed_mt":1680000,"pcod_tac_mt":410000,"pcod_landed_mt":350000,"sablefish_tac_mt":48000,"sablefish_landed_mt":44000,"flathead_sole_mt":58000,"arrowtooth_mt":46000,"rockfish_goa_mt":36000,"atf_flatfish_mt":74000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 1990"},
    {"year":1995,"pollock_tac_mt":1850000,"pollock_landed_mt":1570000,"pcod_tac_mt":390000,"pcod_landed_mt":332000,"sablefish_tac_mt":36000,"sablefish_landed_mt":33000,"flathead_sole_mt":54000,"arrowtooth_mt":42000,"rockfish_goa_mt":34000,"atf_flatfish_mt":70000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 1995. IFQ sablefish implemented."},
    {"year":2000,"pollock_tac_mt":1400000,"pollock_landed_mt":1190000,"pcod_tac_mt":280000,"pcod_landed_mt":238000,"sablefish_tac_mt":30000,"sablefish_landed_mt":27000,"flathead_sole_mt":48000,"arrowtooth_mt":36000,"rockfish_goa_mt":30000,"atf_flatfish_mt":62000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2000. Conservation cuts implemented."},
    {"year":2005,"pollock_tac_mt":1500000,"pollock_landed_mt":1275000,"pcod_tac_mt":300000,"pcod_landed_mt":255000,"sablefish_tac_mt":32000,"sablefish_landed_mt":29000,"flathead_sole_mt":50000,"arrowtooth_mt":38000,"rockfish_goa_mt":31000,"atf_flatfish_mt":64000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2005"},
    {"year":2010,"pollock_tac_mt":1800000,"pollock_landed_mt":1530000,"pcod_tac_mt":340000,"pcod_landed_mt":289000,"sablefish_tac_mt":34000,"sablefish_landed_mt":31000,"flathead_sole_mt":52000,"arrowtooth_mt":40000,"rockfish_goa_mt":32000,"atf_flatfish_mt":66000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2010"},
    {"year":2015,"pollock_tac_mt":1870000,"pollock_landed_mt":1590000,"pcod_tac_mt":360000,"pcod_landed_mt":306000,"sablefish_tac_mt":36000,"sablefish_landed_mt":33000,"flathead_sole_mt":54000,"arrowtooth_mt":42000,"rockfish_goa_mt":33000,"atf_flatfish_mt":68000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2015"},
    {"year":2018,"pollock_tac_mt":1900000,"pollock_landed_mt":1615000,"pcod_tac_mt":380000,"pcod_landed_mt":323000,"sablefish_tac_mt":38000,"sablefish_landed_mt":34000,"flathead_sole_mt":56000,"arrowtooth_mt":44000,"rockfish_goa_mt":34000,"atf_flatfish_mt":70000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2018"},
    {"year":2019,"pollock_tac_mt":1880000,"pollock_landed_mt":1598000,"pcod_tac_mt":370000,"pcod_landed_mt":315000,"sablefish_tac_mt":37000,"sablefish_landed_mt":33000,"flathead_sole_mt":55000,"arrowtooth_mt":43000,"rockfish_goa_mt":34000,"atf_flatfish_mt":69000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2019"},
    {"year":2020,"pollock_tac_mt":1860000,"pollock_landed_mt":1581000,"pcod_tac_mt":360000,"pcod_landed_mt":306000,"sablefish_tac_mt":36000,"sablefish_landed_mt":32000,"flathead_sole_mt":54000,"arrowtooth_mt":42000,"rockfish_goa_mt":33000,"atf_flatfish_mt":68000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2020"},
    {"year":2021,"pollock_tac_mt":1870000,"pollock_landed_mt":1590000,"pcod_tac_mt":370000,"pcod_landed_mt":315000,"sablefish_tac_mt":37000,"sablefish_landed_mt":33000,"flathead_sole_mt":55000,"arrowtooth_mt":43000,"rockfish_goa_mt":34000,"atf_flatfish_mt":69000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2021"},
    {"year":2022,"pollock_tac_mt":1880000,"pollock_landed_mt":1598000,"pcod_tac_mt":380000,"pcod_landed_mt":323000,"sablefish_tac_mt":38000,"sablefish_landed_mt":34000,"flathead_sole_mt":56000,"arrowtooth_mt":44000,"rockfish_goa_mt":35000,"atf_flatfish_mt":70000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2022"},
    {"year":2023,"pollock_tac_mt":1880000,"pollock_landed_mt":1598000,"pcod_tac_mt":380000,"pcod_landed_mt":323000,"sablefish_tac_mt":38000,"sablefish_landed_mt":34000,"flathead_sole_mt":56000,"arrowtooth_mt":44000,"rockfish_goa_mt":35000,"atf_flatfish_mt":70000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2023 (final)"},
    {"year":2024,"pollock_tac_mt":1880000,"pollock_landed_mt":1088000,"pcod_tac_mt":229000,"pcod_landed_mt":198000,"sablefish_tac_mt":32600,"sablefish_landed_mt":31200,"flathead_sole_mt":54000,"arrowtooth_mt":56000,"rockfish_goa_mt":34000,"atf_flatfish_mt":68000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC SAFE 2024 (preliminary/partial year). Source: NOAA AFSC annual stock assessment reports."}
  ]
}