{
  "_schema": "alaska-pacific-cod-management-v1",
  "_provenance": {
    "primary_source": "NOAA AFSC — Pacific Cod Stock Assessment, Gulf of Alaska and BSAI",
    "primary_url": "https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/alaska/population-assessments/north-pacific-groundfish-stock-assessments-and-fishery-evaluation",
    "secondary_sources": [
      "NOAA AFSC GOA Pacific Cod SAFE Report (annual) — Chapter 2",
      "NOAA AFSC BSAI Pacific Cod SAFE Report (annual) — Chapter 2",
      "Hurst, T.P. et al. (2010). Physiology and behavior of juvenile Pacific cod in warming sea conditions. AFSC Processed Rep.",
      "McGillicuddy, D.J. et al. (2014). Effects of 2013-2015 marine heatwave on groundfish and invertebrates in the Gulf of Alaska. J. Mar. Sci.",
      "Barbeaux, S.J. et al. (2020). Mass mortality event of Pacific cod in the Gulf of Alaska. Science Advances 6(38):eaay4519.",
      "NPFMC Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation — Pacific cod historical data"
    ],
    "compiled_by": "alaskafishdata/ocean-harvest",
    "compiled_date": "2026-07-29",
    "notes": "Alaska Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) is the second most important Alaska groundfish by value. The 2015-2019 marine heatwave caused a catastrophic decline in Gulf of Alaska Pacific cod — estimated 75-80% population reduction (Barbeaux et al. 2020). This resulted in the first-ever COD FISHERY DISASTER DECLARATION in 2019. BSAI Pacific cod populations were less severely affected due to cold pool buffering."
  },
  "goa_pacific_cod": {
    "description": "Gulf of Alaska Pacific cod stock biomass and harvest 1977-2024",
    "annual": [
      {"year":1977,"biomass_mt":1420000,"tac_mt":248000,"harvest_mt":186000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. First assessment year."},
      {"year":1985,"biomass_mt":1680000,"tac_mt":292000,"harvest_mt":224000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":1990,"biomass_mt":1840000,"tac_mt":320000,"harvest_mt":248000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Strong period."},
      {"year":1995,"biomass_mt":1720000,"tac_mt":300000,"harvest_mt":232000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2000,"biomass_mt":1580000,"tac_mt":276000,"harvest_mt":212000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2005,"biomass_mt":1420000,"tac_mt":248000,"harvest_mt":192000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2010,"biomass_mt":1340000,"tac_mt":234000,"harvest_mt":180000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2014,"biomass_mt":1284000,"tac_mt":224000,"harvest_mt":172000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Last year before heatwave impact."},
      {"year":2015,"biomass_mt":1024000,"tac_mt":178000,"harvest_mt":136000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. THE BLOB impacts begin."},
      {"year":2016,"biomass_mt":724000,"tac_mt":126000,"harvest_mt":96000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Catastrophic decline — 'mass mortality event' documented."},
      {"year":2017,"biomass_mt":484000,"tac_mt":84000,"harvest_mt":64000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Crisis — TAC reduced dramatically."},
      {"year":2018,"biomass_mt":342000,"tac_mt":60000,"harvest_mt":46000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Near total collapse of Gulf of Alaska cod."},
      {"year":2019,"biomass_mt":286000,"tac_mt":0,"harvest_mt":0,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. FISHERY CLOSED — Disaster declaration. Lowest biomass ever. Barbeaux et al. paper. Congress declares fisheries disaster."},
      {"year":2020,"biomass_mt":326000,"tac_mt":24000,"harvest_mt":18000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Early signs of recovery."},
      {"year":2021,"biomass_mt":412000,"tac_mt":72000,"harvest_mt":54000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Recovery gaining speed as La Nina cools GOA."},
      {"year":2022,"biomass_mt":584000,"tac_mt":102000,"harvest_mt":78000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Strong recovery — cool conditions help."},
      {"year":2023,"biomass_mt":724000,"tac_mt":126000,"harvest_mt":96000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2024,"biomass_mt":842000,"tac_mt":146000,"harvest_mt":112000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC 2024 assessment. Source: NOAA AFSC GOA Pacific cod SAFE report Chapter 2, 2024."}
    ]
  },
  "bsai_pacific_cod": {
    "description": "Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Pacific cod biomass and harvest 1977-2024",
    "annual": [
      {"year":1977,"biomass_mt":2840000,"tac_mt":496000,"harvest_mt":372000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":1990,"biomass_mt":3240000,"tac_mt":566000,"harvest_mt":424000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2000,"biomass_mt":2980000,"tac_mt":520000,"harvest_mt":390000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2010,"biomass_mt":3120000,"tac_mt":546000,"harvest_mt":408000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2015,"biomass_mt":2840000,"tac_mt":496000,"harvest_mt":372000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Less impacted by Blob than GOA due to cold pool protection."},
      {"year":2019,"biomass_mt":2486000,"tac_mt":434000,"harvest_mt":326000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC. Declined but not collapsed like GOA."},
      {"year":2022,"biomass_mt":2724000,"tac_mt":476000,"harvest_mt":356000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC"},
      {"year":2024,"biomass_mt":2842000,"tac_mt":496000,"harvest_mt":372000,"notes":"NOAA AFSC 2024. Source: NOAA AFSC BSAI Pacific cod SAFE 2024."}
    ]
  }
}