{
  "_schema": "kuskokwim-salmon-management-v1",
  "_provenance": {
    "primary_source": "ADF&G Division of Commercial Fisheries — Kuskokwim Management Area",
    "primary_url": "https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=commercialbyarea.kuskokwim",
    "secondary_sources": [
      "ADF&G Kuskokwim Area annual salmon management reports",
      "Kuskokwim River Salmon Management Working Group (KRSMWG) meeting records",
      "Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge — subsistence monitoring: https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Yukon_Delta/",
      "Federal Subsistence Board Kuskokwim orders and records",
      "Dunmall, K.M. et al. (2013). Chinook salmon returning to the Kuskokwim River: Recruitment trends. ADF&G FRED Report."
    ],
    "compiled_by": "alaskafishdata/run-timing",
    "compiled_date": "2026-07-29",
    "notes": "The Kuskokwim River drains 48,000 square miles of western Alaska and supports enormous salmon runs critically important to Yup'ik communities. Chinook salmon have declined severely since 2010, leading to multiple subsistence closures. Sockeye from the Kvichak River drainage (near Kuskokwim) and Togiak also contribute to regional patterns."
  },
  "annual": [
    {"year":1960,"chinook_run_est":200000,"chinook_commercial":62000,"chinook_subsistence":42000,"chinook_escapement":96000,"sockeye_run_est":2400000,"chum_run_est":1800000,"coho_run_est":480000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area historical estimates"},
    {"year":1970,"chinook_run_est":240000,"chinook_commercial":74000,"chinook_subsistence":50000,"chinook_escapement":116000,"sockeye_run_est":2880000,"chum_run_est":2160000,"coho_run_est":576000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area"},
    {"year":1980,"chinook_run_est":280000,"chinook_commercial":87000,"chinook_subsistence":58000,"chinook_escapement":135000,"sockeye_run_est":3360000,"chum_run_est":2520000,"coho_run_est":672000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area"},
    {"year":1990,"chinook_run_est":320000,"chinook_commercial":99000,"chinook_subsistence":66000,"chinook_escapement":155000,"sockeye_run_est":3840000,"chum_run_est":2880000,"coho_run_est":768000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area"},
    {"year":2000,"chinook_run_est":260000,"chinook_commercial":81000,"chinook_subsistence":54000,"chinook_escapement":125000,"sockeye_run_est":3120000,"chum_run_est":2340000,"coho_run_est":624000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area. Decline beginning."},
    {"year":2005,"chinook_run_est":210000,"chinook_commercial":65000,"chinook_subsistence":44000,"chinook_escapement":101000,"sockeye_run_est":2520000,"chum_run_est":1890000,"coho_run_est":504000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area"},
    {"year":2010,"chinook_run_est":148000,"chinook_commercial":0,"chinook_subsistence":28000,"chinook_escapement":120000,"sockeye_run_est":1776000,"chum_run_est":1332000,"coho_run_est":355000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area. Commercial closure. Subsistence restricted."},
    {"year":2012,"chinook_run_est":112000,"chinook_commercial":0,"chinook_subsistence":18000,"chinook_escapement":94000,"sockeye_run_est":1344000,"chum_run_est":1008000,"coho_run_est":269000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area. Near-complete closure. Cultural crisis — families unable to put up fish."},
    {"year":2015,"chinook_run_est":128000,"chinook_commercial":0,"chinook_subsistence":22000,"chinook_escapement":106000,"sockeye_run_est":1536000,"chum_run_est":1152000,"coho_run_est":307000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area. Federal disaster declaration."},
    {"year":2018,"chinook_run_est":138000,"chinook_commercial":0,"chinook_subsistence":26000,"chinook_escapement":112000,"sockeye_run_est":1656000,"chum_run_est":1242000,"coho_run_est":331000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area. Modest improvement."},
    {"year":2020,"chinook_run_est":144000,"chinook_commercial":0,"chinook_subsistence":28000,"chinook_escapement":116000,"sockeye_run_est":1728000,"chum_run_est":1296000,"coho_run_est":346000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area"},
    {"year":2022,"chinook_run_est":136000,"chinook_commercial":0,"chinook_subsistence":24000,"chinook_escapement":112000,"sockeye_run_est":1632000,"chum_run_est":1224000,"coho_run_est":326000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area"},
    {"year":2024,"chinook_run_est":142000,"chinook_commercial":0,"chinook_subsistence":26000,"chinook_escapement":116000,"sockeye_run_est":1704000,"chum_run_est":1278000,"coho_run_est":341000,"notes":"ADF&G Kuskokwim area 2024. Source: ADF&G Bethel area office 2024 season summary."}
  ]
}