/*
 * Copyright (c) 2015 Allan Pichardo
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

[RequireComponent (typeof(AudioSource))]
public class AudioProcessor : MonoBehaviour
{
	public AudioSource audioSource;

	private long lastT, nowT, diff, entries, sum;

	public int bufferSize = 1024;
	// fft size
	private int samplingRate = 44100;
	// fft sampling frequency

	/* log-frequency averaging controls */
	private int nBand = 12;
	// number of bands

	public float gThresh = 0.1f;
	// sensitivity

	int blipDelayLen = 16;
	int[] blipDelay;

	private int sinceLast = 0;
	// counter to suppress double-beats

	private float framePeriod;

	/* storage space */
	private int colmax = 120;
	float[] spectrum;
	float[] averages;
	float[] acVals;
	float[] onsets;
	float[] scorefun;
	float[] dobeat;
	int now = 0;
	// time index for circular buffer within above

	float[] spec;
	// the spectrum of the previous step

	/* Autocorrelation structure */
	int maxlag = 100;
	// (in frames) largest lag to track
	float decay = 0.997f;
	// smoothing constant for running average
	Autoco auco;

	private float alph;
	// trade-off constant between tempo deviation penalty and onset strength

	[Header ("Events")]
	public OnBeatEventHandler onBeat;
	public OnSpectrumEventHandler onSpectrum;

	//////////////////////////////////
	private long getCurrentTimeMillis ()
	{
		long milliseconds = System.DateTime.Now.Ticks / System.TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond;
		return milliseconds;
	}

	private void initArrays ()
	{
		blipDelay = new int[blipDelayLen];
		onsets = new float[colmax];
		scorefun = new float[colmax];
		dobeat = new float[colmax];
		spectrum = new float[bufferSize];
		averages = new float[12];
		acVals = new float[maxlag];
		alph = 100 * gThresh;
	}

	// Use this for initialization
	void Start ()
	{
		initArrays ();

		audioSource = GetComponent<AudioSource> ();
		samplingRate = audioSource.clip.frequency;

		framePeriod = (float)bufferSize / (float)samplingRate;

		//initialize record of previous spectrum
		spec = new float[nBand];
		for (int i = 0; i < nBand; ++i)
			spec [i] = 100.0f;

		auco = new Autoco (maxlag, decay, framePeriod, getBandWidth ());

		lastT = getCurrentTimeMillis ();
	}

	public void tapTempo ()
	{
		nowT = getCurrentTimeMillis ();
		diff = nowT - lastT;
		lastT = nowT;
		sum = sum + diff;
		entries++;

		int average = (int)(sum / entries);

		Debug.Log ("average = " + average);
	}

	double[] toDoubleArray (float[] arr)
	{
		if (arr == null)
			return null;
		int n = arr.Length;
		double[] ret = new double[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			ret [i] = (float)arr [i];
		}
		return ret;
	}

	// Update is called once per frame
	void Update ()
	{
		if (audioSource.isPlaying) {
			audioSource.GetSpectrumData (spectrum, 0, FFTWindow.BlackmanHarris);
			computeAverages (spectrum);
			onSpectrum.Invoke (averages);

			/* calculate the value of the onset function in this frame */
			float onset = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < nBand; i++) {
				float specVal = (float)System.Math.Max (-100.0f, 20.0f * (float)System.Math.Log10 (averages [i]) + 160); // dB value of this band
				specVal *= 0.025f;
				float dbInc = specVal - spec [i]; // dB increment since last frame
				spec [i] = specVal; // record this frome to use next time around
				onset += dbInc; // onset function is the sum of dB increments
			}

			onsets [now] = onset;

			/* update autocorrelator and find peak lag = current tempo */
			auco.newVal (onset);
			// record largest value in (weighted) autocorrelation as it will be the tempo
			float aMax = 0.0f;
			int tempopd = 0;
			//float[] acVals = new float[maxlag];
			for (int i = 0; i < maxlag; ++i) {
				float acVal = (float)System.Math.Sqrt (auco.autoco (i));
				if (acVal > aMax) {
					aMax = acVal;
					tempopd = i;
				}
				// store in array backwards, so it displays right-to-left, in line with traces
				acVals [maxlag - 1 - i] = acVal;
			}

			/* calculate DP-ish function to update the best-score function */
			float smax = -999999;
			int smaxix = 0;
			// weight can be varied dynamically with the mouse
			alph = 100 * gThresh;
			// consider all possible preceding beat times from 0.5 to 2.0 x current tempo period
			for (int i = tempopd / 2; i < System.Math.Min (colmax, 2 * tempopd); ++i) {
				// objective function - this beat's cost + score to last beat + transition penalty
				float score = onset + scorefun [(now - i + colmax) % colmax] - alph * (float)System.Math.Pow (System.Math.Log ((float)i / (float)tempopd), 2);
				// keep track of the best-scoring predecesor
				if (score > smax) {
					smax = score;
					smaxix = i;
				}
			}

			scorefun [now] = smax;
			// keep the smallest value in the score fn window as zero, by subtracing the min val
			float smin = scorefun [0];
			for (int i = 0; i < colmax; ++i)
				if (scorefun [i] < smin)
					smin = scorefun [i];
			for (int i = 0; i < colmax; ++i)
				scorefun [i] -= smin;

			/* find the largest value in the score fn window, to decide if we emit a blip */
			smax = scorefun [0];
			smaxix = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < colmax; ++i) {
				if (scorefun [i] > smax) {
					smax = scorefun [i];
					smaxix = i;
				}
			}

			// dobeat array records where we actally place beats
			dobeat [now] = 0;  // default is no beat this frame
			++sinceLast;
			// if current value is largest in the array, probably means we're on a beat
			if (smaxix == now) {
				//tapTempo();
				// make sure the most recent beat wasn't too recently
				if (sinceLast > tempopd / 4) {
					onBeat.Invoke ();			
					blipDelay [0] = 1;
					// record that we did actually mark a beat this frame
					dobeat [now] = 1;
					// reset counter of frames since last beat
					sinceLast = 0;
				}
			}

			/* update column index (for ring buffer) */
			if (++now == colmax)
				now = 0;

			//Debug.Log(System.Math.Round(60 / (tempopd * framePeriod)) + " bpm");
			//Debug.Log(System.Math.Round(auco.avgBpm()) + " bpm");
		}
	}

	public void changeCameraColor ()
	{
		//Debug.Log("camera");
		float r = Random.Range (0f, 1f);
		float g = Random.Range (0f, 1f);
		float b = Random.Range (0f, 1f);

		//Debug.Log(r + "," + g + "," + b);
		Color color = new Color (r, g, b);

		GetComponent<Camera> ().clearFlags = CameraClearFlags.Color;
		Camera.main.backgroundColor = color;

		//camera.backgroundColor = color;
	}

	public float getBandWidth ()
	{
		return (2f / (float)bufferSize) * (samplingRate / 2f);
	}

	public int freqToIndex (int freq)
	{
		// special case: freq is lower than the bandwidth of spectrum[0]
		if (freq < getBandWidth () / 2)
			return 0;
		// special case: freq is within the bandwidth of spectrum[512]
		if (freq > samplingRate / 2 - getBandWidth () / 2)
			return (bufferSize / 2);
		// all other cases
		float fraction = (float)freq / (float)samplingRate;
		int i = (int)System.Math.Round (bufferSize * fraction);
		//Debug.Log("frequency: " + freq + ", index: " + i);
		return i;
	}

	public void computeAverages (float[] data)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
			float avg = 0;
			int lowFreq;
			if (i == 0)
				lowFreq = 0;
			else
				lowFreq = (int)((samplingRate / 2) / (float)System.Math.Pow (2, 12 - i));
			int hiFreq = (int)((samplingRate / 2) / (float)System.Math.Pow (2, 11 - i));
			int lowBound = freqToIndex (lowFreq);
			int hiBound = freqToIndex (hiFreq);
			for (int j = lowBound; j <= hiBound; j++) {
				//Debug.Log("lowbound: " + lowBound + ", highbound: " + hiBound);
				avg += data [j];
			}
			// line has been changed since discussion in the comments
			// avg /= (hiBound - lowBound);
			avg /= (hiBound - lowBound + 1);
			averages [i] = avg;
		}
	}

	float map (float s, float a1, float a2, float b1, float b2)
	{
		return b1 + (s - a1) * (b2 - b1) / (a2 - a1);
	}

	public float constrain (float value, float inclusiveMinimum, float inlusiveMaximum)
	{
		if (value >= inclusiveMinimum) {
			if (value <= inlusiveMaximum) {
				return value;
			}

			return inlusiveMaximum;
		}

		return inclusiveMinimum;
	}

	[System.Serializable]
	public class OnBeatEventHandler : UnityEngine.Events.UnityEvent
	{

	}

	[System.Serializable]
	public class OnSpectrumEventHandler : UnityEngine.Events.UnityEvent<float []>
	{

	}

	// class to compute an array of online autocorrelators
	private class Autoco
	{
		private int del_length;
		private float decay;
		private float[] delays;
		private float[] outputs;
		private int indx;

		private float[] bpms;
		private float[] rweight;
		private float wmidbpm = 120f;
		private float woctavewidth;

		public Autoco (int len, float alpha, float framePeriod, float bandwidth)
		{
			woctavewidth = bandwidth;
			decay = alpha;
			del_length = len;
			delays = new float[del_length];
			outputs = new float[del_length];
			indx = 0;

			// calculate a log-lag gaussian weighting function, to prefer tempi around 120 bpm
			bpms = new float[del_length];
			rweight = new float[del_length];
			for (int i = 0; i < del_length; ++i) {
				bpms [i] = 60.0f / (framePeriod * (float)i);
				//Debug.Log(bpms[i]);
				// weighting is Gaussian on log-BPM axis, centered at wmidbpm, SD = woctavewidth octaves
				rweight [i] = (float)System.Math.Exp (-0.5f * System.Math.Pow (System.Math.Log (bpms [i] / wmidbpm) / System.Math.Log (2.0f) / woctavewidth, 2.0f));
			}
		}

		public void newVal (float val)
		{

			delays [indx] = val;

			// update running autocorrelator values
			for (int i = 0; i < del_length; ++i) {
				int delix = (indx - i + del_length) % del_length;
				outputs [i] += (1 - decay) * (delays [indx] * delays [delix] - outputs [i]);
			}

			if (++indx == del_length)
				indx = 0;
		}

		// read back the current autocorrelator value at a particular lag
		public float autoco (int del)
		{
			float blah = rweight [del] * outputs [del];
			return blah;
		}

		public float avgBpm ()
		{
			float sum = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < bpms.Length; ++i) {
				sum += bpms [i];
			}
			return sum / del_length;
		}
	}
}