# palmerpenguins [](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3960218) [](https://cran.r-project.org/package=palmerpenguins) The goal of palmerpenguins is to provide a great dataset for data exploration & visualization, as an alternative to `iris`. ## Installation You can install the released version of palmerpenguins from [CRAN](https://CRAN.R-project.org) with: ``` r install.packages("palmerpenguins") ``` To install the development version from [GitHub](https://github.com/) use: ``` r # install.packages("remotes") remotes::install_github("allisonhorst/palmerpenguins") ``` ## About the data Data were collected and made available by [Dr. Kristen Gorman](https://www.uaf.edu/cfos/people/faculty/detail/kristen-gorman.php) and the [Palmer Station, Antarctica LTER](https://pallter.marine.rutgers.edu/), a member of the [Long Term Ecological Research Network](https://lternet.edu/). The palmerpenguins package contains two datasets. ``` r library(palmerpenguins) data(package = 'palmerpenguins') ``` One is called `penguins`, and is a simplified version of the raw data; see `?penguins` for more info: ``` r head(penguins) #> # A tibble: 6 × 8 #> species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_… body_mass_g sex #> #> 1 Adelie Torge… 39.1 18.7 181 3750 male #> 2 Adelie Torge… 39.5 17.4 186 3800 fema… #> 3 Adelie Torge… 40.3 18 195 3250 fema… #> 4 Adelie Torge… NA NA NA NA #> 5 Adelie Torge… 36.7 19.3 193 3450 fema… #> 6 Adelie Torge… 39.3 20.6 190 3650 male #> # … with 1 more variable: year ``` The second dataset is `penguins_raw`, and contains all the variables and original names as downloaded; see `?penguins_raw` for more info. ``` r head(penguins_raw) #> # A tibble: 6 × 17 #> studyName `Sample Number` Species Region Island Stage `Individual ID` #> #> 1 PAL0708 1 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N1A1 #> 2 PAL0708 2 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N1A2 #> 3 PAL0708 3 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N2A1 #> 4 PAL0708 4 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N2A2 #> 5 PAL0708 5 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N3A1 #> 6 PAL0708 6 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N3A2 #> # … with 10 more variables: `Clutch Completion` , `Date Egg` , #> # `Culmen Length (mm)` , `Culmen Depth (mm)` , #> # `Flipper Length (mm)` , `Body Mass (g)` , Sex , #> # `Delta 15 N (o/oo)` , `Delta 13 C (o/oo)` , Comments ``` Both datasets contain data for 344 penguins. There are 3 different species of penguins in this dataset, collected from 3 islands in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. ``` r str(penguins) #> tibble [344 × 8] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame) #> $ species : Factor w/ 3 levels "Adelie","Chinstrap",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... #> $ island : Factor w/ 3 levels "Biscoe","Dream",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ... #> $ bill_length_mm : num [1:344] 39.1 39.5 40.3 NA 36.7 39.3 38.9 39.2 34.1 42 ... #> $ bill_depth_mm : num [1:344] 18.7 17.4 18 NA 19.3 20.6 17.8 19.6 18.1 20.2 ... #> $ flipper_length_mm: int [1:344] 181 186 195 NA 193 190 181 195 193 190 ... #> $ body_mass_g : int [1:344] 3750 3800 3250 NA 3450 3650 3625 4675 3475 4250 ... #> $ sex : Factor w/ 2 levels "female","male": 2 1 1 NA 1 2 1 2 NA NA ... #> $ year : int [1:344] 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 ... ``` We gratefully acknowledge Palmer Station LTER and the US LTER Network. Special thanks to Marty Downs (Director, LTER Network Office) for help regarding the data license & use. ## Examples You can find these and more code examples for exploring palmerpenguins in `vignette("examples")`. Penguins are fun to summarize! For example: ``` r library(tidyverse) penguins %>% count(species) #> # A tibble: 3 × 2 #> species n #> #> 1 Adelie 152 #> 2 Chinstrap 68 #> 3 Gentoo 124 penguins %>% group_by(species) %>% summarize(across(where(is.numeric), mean, na.rm = TRUE)) #> # A tibble: 3 × 6 #> species bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g year #> #> 1 Adelie 38.8 18.3 190. 3701. 2008. #> 2 Chinstrap 48.8 18.4 196. 3733. 2008. #> 3 Gentoo 47.5 15.0 217. 5076. 2008. ``` Penguins are fun to visualize! For example: ## Artwork You can download palmerpenguins art (useful for teaching with the data) in `vignette("art")`. If you use this artwork, please cite with: “Artwork by @allison_horst”. ### Meet the Palmer penguins ### Bill dimensions The culmen is the upper ridge of a bird’s bill. In the simplified `penguins` data, culmen length and depth are renamed as variables `bill_length_mm` and `bill_depth_mm` to be more intuitive. For this penguin data, the culmen (bill) length and depth are measured as shown below (thanks Kristen Gorman for clarifying!): ## License Data are available by [CC-0](https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/) license in accordance with the [Palmer Station LTER Data Policy](https://pallter.marine.rutgers.edu/data/) and the [LTER Data Access Policy for Type I data](https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/). ## Citation To cite the palmerpenguins package, please use: ``` r citation("palmerpenguins") #> #> To cite palmerpenguins in publications use: #> #> Horst AM, Hill AP, Gorman KB (2020). palmerpenguins: Palmer #> Archipelago (Antarctica) penguin data. R package version 0.1.0. #> https://allisonhorst.github.io/palmerpenguins/. doi: #> 10.5281/zenodo.3960218. #> #> A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is #> #> @Manual{, #> title = {palmerpenguins: Palmer Archipelago (Antarctica) penguin data}, #> author = {Allison Marie Horst and Alison Presmanes Hill and Kristen B Gorman}, #> year = {2020}, #> note = {R package version 0.1.0}, #> doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3960218}, #> url = {https://allisonhorst.github.io/palmerpenguins/}, #> } ``` ## Additional data use information Anyone interested in publishing the data should contact [Dr. Kristen Gorman](https://www.uaf.edu/cfos/people/faculty/detail/kristen-gorman.php) about analysis and working together on any final products. From Gorman et al. (2014): “Individuals interested in using these data are expected to follow the US LTER Network’s Data Access Policy, Requirements and Use Agreement: .” ## References **Data originally published in:** - Gorman KB, Williams TD, Fraser WR (2014). Ecological sexual dimorphism and environmental variability within a community of Antarctic penguins (genus *Pygoscelis*). PLoS ONE 9(3):e90081. **Data citations:** Adélie penguins: - Palmer Station Antarctica LTER and K. Gorman, 2020. Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female Adélie penguins (*Pygoscelis adeliae*) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 ver 5. Environmental Data Initiative. (Accessed 2020-06-08). Gentoo penguins: - Palmer Station Antarctica LTER and K. Gorman, 2020. Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female Gentoo penguin (*Pygoscelis papua*) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 ver 5. Environmental Data Initiative. (Accessed 2020-06-08). Chinstrap penguins: - Palmer Station Antarctica LTER and K. Gorman, 2020. Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female Chinstrap penguin (*Pygoscelis antarcticus*) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 ver 6. Environmental Data Initiative. (Accessed 2020-06-08).