#!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! #!! !!! #!! V A L L E Y Z A P O T E C T R A N S D U C E R !!! #!! !!! #!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! #=============================================================================! # Verb Morphotactics ! #=============================================================================! PATTERNS Nouns Verbs Punctuation Numerals NP-Stems(1) [:] NP-Stems(3): # ! Orth/Simp NP-Stems(1):NP-Stems(2) [:] NP-Stems(3): # ! Orth/Dict Prep-Stems(1) [:] # ! Orth/Simp Prep-Stems(1):Prep-Stems(2) [:] # ! Orth/Dict Prep-Stems-WPron(1) [:] Prn-Bound(1) # ! Orth/Simp Prep-Stems-WPron(1):Prep-Stems-WPron(2) [:] Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2) # ! Orth/Dict Det-Stems(1) [:] Det-Stems(3): # ! Orth/Simp Det-Stems(1):Det-Stems(2) [:] Det-Stems(3): # ! Orth/Dict Postdet-Stems(1) [:] Postdet-Stems(3): # ! Orth/Simp Postdet-Stems(1):Postdet-Stems(2) [:] Postdet-Stems(3): # ! Orth/Dict Adv-Stems(1) [:] # ! Orth/Simp Adv-Stems(1):Adv-Stems(2) [:] # ! Orth/Dict Adv-Stems-Itg(1) [:] # ! Orth/Simp Adv-Stems-Itg(1):Adv-Stems-Itg(2) [:] # ! Orth/Dict Adj-Stems(1) [:] # ! Orth/Simp Adj-Stems(1):Adj-Stems(2) [:] # ! Orth/Dict Adj-Stems(1) [:] Prn-Bound(1) # ! Orth/Simp Adj-Stems(1):Adj-Stems(2) [:] Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2) # ! Orth/Dict Ij-Stems(1) [:] # ! Orth/Simp Ij-Stems(1):Ij-Stems(2) [:] # ! Orth/Dict Mod-Stems(1) [:] # ! Orth/Simp Mod-Stems(1):Mod-Stems(2) [:] # ! Orth/Dict Pronouns(1) [:] Pronouns(3): # ! Orth/Simp Pronouns(1):Pronouns(2) [:] Pronouns(3): # ! Orth/Dict Conjunctions(1) Conjunctions(3): # ! Orth/Simp Conjunctions(1):Conjunctions(2) Conjunctions(3): # ! Orth/Dict Number-Stems(1) [:] # ! Orth/Simp Number-Stems(1):Number-Stems(2) [:] # ! Orth/Dict # For light verb constructions, with runy Aux(1) [:] # ! Orth/Simp Aux(1):Aux(2) [:] # ! Orth/Dict Neg-Words PATTERN Verbs # Regular verbs #:Aspect V-Stems(1) :V-Extender(1) :V-Neg(1) :Prn-Bound(1) [:] V-Stems(3): V-Extender(1): Aspect: V-Neg(1): Prn-Bound(1): # ! Orth/Simp ( :Aspect ( V-Stems(1) [:] V-Stems(3): ) V-Extender(1)? Aspect: ) V-Neg(1)? Prn-Bound(1) # ! Orth/Simp #:Aspect V-Stems(1):V-Stems(2) :V-Extender(2) :V-Neg(2) :Prn-Bound(2) [:] V-Stems(3): V-Extender(2): Aspect: V-Neg(2): Prn-Bound(2): # ! Orth/Dict ( :Aspect ( V-Stems(1):V-Stems(2) [:] V-Stems(3): ) V-Extender(2)? Aspect: ) V-Neg(2)? Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2) # ! Orth/Dict # Irregular verbs # FIXME: expand to both orthographies #:Aspect[nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1)[nonp1pl,nonperf] :V-Extender(1) :V-Neg(1) :Prn-Bound(1)[nonp1pl] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(1): Aspect: V-Neg(1): Prn-Bound(1)[nonp1pl]: #:Aspect[nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1)[-nonp1pl,nonperf] :V-Extender(1) :V-Neg(1) :Prn-Bound(1)[-nonp1pl] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(1): Aspect: V-Neg(1): Prn-Bound(1)[-nonp1pl]: #:Aspect[-nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1)[nonp1pl,-nonperf] :V-Extender(1) :V-Neg(1) :Prn-Bound(1)[nonp1pl] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(1): Aspect: V-Neg(1): Prn-Bound(1)[nonp1pl]: #:Aspect[-nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1)[-nonp1pl,-nonperf] :V-Extender(1) :V-Neg(1) :Prn-Bound(1)[-nonp1pl] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(1): Aspect: V-Neg(1): Prn-Bound(1)[-nonp1pl]: :Aspect[nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1)[nonp1pl,nonperf] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(1)? Aspect: V-Neg(1)? Prn-Bound(1)[nonp1pl] # ! Orth/Simp :Aspect[nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1)[-nonp1pl,nonperf] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(1)? Aspect: V-Neg(1)? Prn-Bound(1)[-nonp1pl] # ! Orth/Simp :Aspect[-nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1)[nonp1pl,-nonperf] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(1)? Aspect: V-Neg(1)? Prn-Bound(1)[nonp1pl] # ! Orth/Simp :Aspect[-nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1)[-nonp1pl,-nonperf] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(1)? Aspect: V-Neg(1)? Prn-Bound(1)[-nonp1pl] # ! Orth/Simp :Aspect[nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1):V-Stems-Irreg(2)[nonp1pl,nonperf] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(2)? Aspect: V-Neg(2)? Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2)[nonp1pl] # ! Orth/Dict :Aspect[nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1):V-Stems-Irreg(2)[-nonp1pl,nonperf] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(2)? Aspect: V-Neg(2)? Prn-Bound(1)[-nonp1pl]:Prn-Bound(2)[-nonp1pl] # ! Orth/Dict :Aspect[-nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1):V-Stems-Irreg(2)[nonp1pl,-nonperf] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(2)? Aspect: V-Neg(2)? Prn-Bound(1)[nonp1pl]:Prn-Bound(2)[nonp1pl] # ! Orth/Dict :Aspect[-nonperf] V-Stems-Irreg(1):V-Stems-Irreg(2)[-nonp1pl,-nonperf] [:] V-Stems-Irreg(3): V-Extender(2)? Aspect: V-Neg(2)? Prn-Bound(1)[-nonp1pl]:Prn-Bound(2)[-nonp1pl] # ! Orth/Dict V-Stems-IrregAspect(1) [:] V-Stems-IrregAspect(3): V-Extender(1)? V-Neg(1)? Prn-Bound(1) # ! Orth/Simp V-Stems-IrregAspect(1):V-Stems-IrregAspect(2) [:] V-Stems-IrregAspect(3): V-Extender(2)? V-Neg(2)? Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2) # ! Orth/Dict V-Copula(1) [:] V-Copula(3): V-Extender(1)? V-Neg(1)? Prn-Bound(1)[usedWcop] # ! Orth/Simp V-Copula(2) [:] V-Copula(3): V-Extender(2)? V-Neg(2)? Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2)[usedWcop] # ! Orth/Dict PATTERN Nouns # Bare nouns N-Stems(1) [:] # Orth/Simp N-Stems(1):N-Stems(2) [:] # Orth/Dict # Possessed nouns :N-Poss(1) N-Stems(1)[regPoss] [:] N-Poss(3): Prn-Bound(1) # Orth/Simp :N-Poss(2) N-Stems(1):N-Stems(2)[regPoss] [:] N-Poss(3): Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2) # Orth/Dict # Inherently possessed nouns N-Stems-Possessed(1) [:] Prn-Bound(1) # Orth/Simp N-Stems-Possessed(1):N-Stems-Possessed(2) [:] Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2) # Orth/Dict PATTERN Neg-Words [ queity:queity ] V-Neg Prn-Bound(1) # Orth/Simp [ queity:quëity ] V-Neg Prn-Bound(1) # Orth/Simp ! Dir/LR [ queity:queʼity ] V-Neg Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2) # Orth/Dict [ queity:quëʼity ] V-Neg Prn-Bound(1):Prn-Bound(2) # Orth/Dict ! Dir/LR LEXICON Aspect[nonperf] :r> # habitual [-nonperf]:{B}>[-nonperf] # perfective [-nonperf]:b>[-nonperf] # perfective Dir/LR Orth/SJGZ :ca{y}> # progressive :{g}{Y}> # irrealis LEXICON N-Poss(3) # FIXME: deal with irregulars, e.g. xyecw/x꞉yèeʼcw for becw x> x꞉> # for adding pronominal possession to Ns FIXME: CHECK(2) LEXICON Prn-Bound(2)[nonp1pl,usedWcop] # FIXME +a[-usedWcop]:>a[-usedWcop] +aʼ[-usedWcop]:>aʼ[-usedWcop] +ën[-nonp1pl]:>{u}ën[-nonp1pl] +ëhnn[-nonp1pl]:>{u}ëhnn[-nonp1pl] +u[-usedWcop]:>u[-usedWcop] +ùuʼ[-usedWcop]:>ùuʼ[-usedWcop] +yu:>yu +yuuʼ:>yuuʼ +yëbu:>yëbu +yëbuuʼ:>yëbuuʼ # ! Dir/LR +ad:>ad +ad:>ad # FIXME: CHECK(2) +yuad:>yuad +yùad:>yùad +yëbuad:>yëbuad +yëbùad:>yëbùad # ! Dir/LR +ëng:>{u}ëng +ëng:>{u}ëng +i:>{u}i +i:>{u}ih +ëb:>{u}ëb +ëb:>{u}ëhb # FIXME: CHECK(2) +ëm:>{u}ëm +ëm:>{u}ëhm # FIXME: CHECK(2) +azh:>azh +azh:>azh # FIXME: CHECK(2) +iny:>{u}iny +iny:>{u}iny # FIXME: CHECK(2), (1): iny/ni +ëng:>rëng +ëng:>rëng # FIXME: CHECK(2) +i:>ri +i:>rih # FIXME: CHECK(2) +ëb:>rëb +ëb:>rëhb # FIXME: CHECK(2) +ëb:>deb +ëb:>deb # Dir/LR Orth/SJGZ +ëm:>rëm +ëhm:>rëhm # FIXME: CHECK(2) +azh:>razh +azh:>razh # FIXME: CHECK(2) +iny:>riny +iny:>riny # FIXME: CHECK(2) [perf]:[perf] : : : LEXICON Pronouns(3) # Free pronouns tu tu # "who" xi xi # "what" naa nàaʼ # "I" danoën:danoën dannooh-ëhnn:dannooh-ëhnn # "we" danoën:danuën dannooh-ëhnn:dannuuh-ëhnn # "we" ! Dir/LR liu lìuʼ # "you (sg, informal)" laad làaʼ-ahd # "you (pl, informal)" yu yuʼuuʼ # "you (sg, formal)" yu:yëbu yuʼuuʼ:yəbuʼuuʼ # "you (sg, formal)" ! Dir/LR yuad yùad # "you (pl, formal)" yuad:yëbuad yuad:yëbùad # "you (pl, formal)" ! Dir/LR lai laʼàiʼ # "he/she/it (distal)" ! Dir/LR lai laʼài # "he/she/it (distal)" ! Dir/LR lai laʼai # "he/she/it (distal)" laëng laʼa-ëng # "he/she/it (proximal)" laëb làaʼ-ëhb # "he/she/it (respectful)" laëm làaʼ-ëhmm # "he/she/it (animal)" lari làaʼri # "they/them (distal)" larëng làaʼrëng # "they/them (proximal)" larëb làaʼrëhb # "they/them (respectful)" larëb laadeb # "they/them (respectful)" ! Dir/LR Orth/SJGZ larëm làaʼrëhmm # "they/them (animal)" ni nih # "who/that/which, the one who/that/which" LEXICON Conjunctions(3) chi chih # "when" chiru chiruʼ # "and; but; then" nyec nyèeʼc # "neither .../nor ..." o o # "or" per pehr # "but" tyen tyeʼnn # "because; so that" zicy\ ni\ na ziʼcy\ nih\ nàa # "like, namely" LEXICON V-Neg(2) # FIXME :>d{I} :>d{I}ʼ #: : # Some other adverbials can come before(?) the negative one # so at some point we could treat these all as adverbials, # but would need two slots # slot 1: #+di:>d{I} # slot 2: #+cas:>cas(?) #+dux:>dux(?) LEXICON V-Extender(2) # FIXME :>la :>làaʼ #: : #LEXICON Caus # #:su #: LEXICON Aux(2) abenton abentoon # "ride" alabar alabaar # "praise" arreglad arreglaad # "arrange for" bda bdaa # "cat a shadow, give shade" bgw bgwah # "tie (a knot)" bisy biʼsy # "let (someone) know" cas caʼs # "pay attention to" castiu castiʼu # "punish" col coʼoll # "stand in line" company compaʼanny # "accompany" comprender comprendeer # "understand" contest connteʼst # "answer" dany daany # "make (someone) sick; damage" defender defendeer # "defend" fald faʼlld # "do something wrong somewhere; miss / be absent from somewhere" gan gaan # "earn, win" gaxt gaʼaxt # "spend money" guan guuhahnn # "make charitable donation" mandad mandaad # "run an errand; give someone an errand" nadar nadaar # "swim" protestar protestaar # "protest" sospechar sohspechaar # "suspect" tomar\ fot tomaar\ foʼt # "take a picture (of)" uas uaʼs # "use" xgab:xgab x꞉gaʼab:x꞉gaʼab # "think" xgab:xjab x꞉gaʼab:x꞉jaʼab # "think" ! Dir/LR xten x꞉tèeʼn # "work as" zeiny zèèiʼny # "work" LEXICON V-Stems-Irreg(3)[nonperf,nonp1pl] # | -perf | +perf | # ----------------------------- # -p1pl | uny | einy | # ----------------------------- # +p1pl | ieny | ieny | # ----------------------------- # uny for everything but perf and p1pl uny:uny uny:uhny # "do" uny:un uny:un # "do" Dir/LR Orth/SJGZ # ieny for all p1pl uny[-nonp1pl]:ieny[-nonp1pl] uny[-nonp1pl]:ieʼny[-nonp1pl] # "do" uny[-nonp1pl,-nonperf]:ieny[-nonp1pl,-nonperf] uny[-nonp1pl,-nonperf]:ieʼny[-nonp1pl,-nonperf] # "do" #uny[p1pl]:ieny[p1pl] uhny[p1pl]:ieʼny[p1pl] # "do" # einy for perf except with p1pl uny[-nonperf]:einy[-nonperf] uny[-nonperf]:èiʼny[-nonperf] # "do" LEXICON V-Stems-IrregAspect(3) ap:rap ap:ràaʼp # "have" ap:gup ap:gùuʼp # "have" u:ru u:ruʼuh # "be located" u:gu u:guʼuh # "be located" u:chu u:chuʼuh # "be located" u:nu u:nuʼuh # "be located (neutral)" une:rune une:ruʼuhnèe # "live with" une:gune une:guʼuhnèe # "live with" une:chune une:chuʼuhnèe # "live with" une:nune une:nuʼnèe # "live with (neutral)" une:nune une:nuʼuhnèe # "live with (neutral)" ! Dir/LR ac:gac ac:gaʼc # "be, become" ac:nac ac:naaʼc # "be, become (neutral)" ac:guc ac:guhc # "be, become" ac:rac ac:rahc # "be, become" acxu:gacxu acxu:gaʼcx꞉ùu # "get sick" acxu:nacxu acxu:naaʼcx꞉ùu # acxu:gucxu acxu:guhcx꞉ùu # acxu:racxu acxu:rahcx꞉ùu # acbe:gacbe acbe:gaʼcbèeʼ # "understand, know" acbe:nacbe acbe:naaʼcbèeʼ # acbe:gucbe acbe:guhcbèeʼ # acbe:racbe acbe:rahcbèeʼ # ile:rile ile:rilleʼeh # "be able to, know how to" ile:gule ile:gulleʼeh # ile:chile ile:chilleʼeh # ile:zale ile:zalleʼeh # # FIXME: p1pl forms of ria ia:ria ia:rihah # "go" ia:gwe ia:gweheh # ia:chia ia:chiia # ia:ze ia:zeheh # ia:ze ia:zèe # yet:rgyet yet:rgyeʼeht # "play" yet:bzuat yet:bzuʼaht # yet:cyet yet:cyeʼt # # See Cali Chiu Vol 2, Lecsyony Tseinyabchon ( atga:ratga atga:ràaʼtgaʼah # "lie down (in a location)" atga:natga atga:nàaʼtgaʼah # atga:guatga atga:gùaʼtgaʼah # beb:rbeb beb:rbèeʼb # "get (put) into position (on a surface)" beb:wbeb beb:wbèeʼb # beb:cweb beb:cwèeʼb # beb:beb beb:bèeʼb # zeiby:zeiby zeiby:zèèiʼby # "be hanging" zeiby:rzeiby zeiby:rzèèiʼby # zeiby:seiby zeiby:sèèiʼby # zub:rzub zub:rzùuʼb # "get/be placed (in a location)" zub:sub zub:sùuʼb # zub:zub zub:zuʼùuʼ # zub:rzub zub:rzùub # "sit / sit down (in a location)" zub:sub zub:sùub # zub:zub zub:zùub # zu:rzu zu:rzuh # "stand (in a location) zu:su zu:suu # zu:zu zu:zuu # zugwa:rzugwa zugwa:rzugwaʼah # "stand (in a location) zugwa:sugwa zugwa:sugwaʼah # zugwa:zugwa zugwa:zugwaʼah # LEXICON V-Copula(3) na:na na:nàa # LEXICON V-Stems(3) ban bàaʼan # "follow a medical diet" beb bèeʼb # "ride (an animal)" # FIXME: irreg irrealis bix biʼihx # "ring (of a bell)" chiby chìiby # "scare" culo culoh # "take care of" culozac:culoza{C} culohzaʼc:culohzaʼ{C} # "take good care of" cuzh cuhzh # "play (a wind instrument)" cwany cwàaʼnny # "wake up" cwez cwèez # "turn off" cwual cwùaʼll # "turn on" cyetlaz cyeʼtlààaʼz # "be/get happy" deidy:{D}eidy dèèiʼdy:{D}èèiʼdy # "cross" # FIXME: irreg irrealis deidy:{l}deidy dèèiʼdy:{l}dèèiʼdy # "give" # {l}:l in deidy:{n}deidy dèèiʼdy:{n}dèèiʼdy # "give" # {n}:n in ! Dir/LR dieby dììeʼby # "boil" dily:{D}ily dìiʼlly:{D}ìiʼlly # "fight with, scold" # FIXME: irreg irrealis dinal dinàall # "chase" duax duʼahx # "bark" dub:{l}dub dùuʼb:{l}dùuʼb # "sweep" dub:{n}dub dùuʼb:{n}dùuʼb # "sweep" ! Dir/LR gap:{G}ap gàaʼp:{G}àaʼp # "slap" gats gàaʼts # "get buried" guad gùad # "sting" gub:{G}ub gùùuʼb:{G}ùùuʼb # "suck; smoke; use a lot (of fuel)" guch guhch # "bathe" guez:{G}{u}ez guèeʼez:{G}{u}èeʼez # "hug; carry (in arms)" guiby:{G}{u}iby guìiʼby:{G}{u}ìiʼby # "wash" guieb:{G}{u}ieb guìeb:{G}{u}ìeb # "sew" guily:{G}{u}ily guìiʼlly:{G}{u}ìiʼilly # "look for" ! Dir/LR guily:{G}{u}ily guìiʼlly:{G}{u}ìiʼlly # "look for" guiny:{G}{u}iny guìiʼiny:{G}{u}ìiʼiny # "borrow; ask for hand (of girl) in marriage (in betrothal negotiation)" guix:{G}{u}ix guìiʼx:{G}{u}ìiʼx # "lay down, put down (long object)" guixicy:{G}{u}ixicy guixiʼihcy:{G}{u}ixiʼihcy # "nod off (to sleep)" guizh:{G}{u}izh guiʼihzh:{G}{u}iʼihzh # "pay" gwe gwèèeʼ # "speak" gwezac:gweza{C} gwèeʼzaʼc:gwèeʼzaʼc # "speak (a language) well" gyan gyaàaʼn # "feed" eipy eʼihpy # "call (someone) (a name)" icy iʼihcy # "return" # FIXME: check nab nààaʼb # "ask/send for" nalaz nnahlààaʼz # "remember, miss (a person), think about" naz nnàaʼaz # "grab" ni nììiʼ # "say" nudizh nuhdìiʼzh # "ask of" nyity nyiʼihty # "get lost, be missing" nyity nyiʼihty # "lose, miss (a thing)" reizh rèeiʼizh # "measure" saguel saguehll # "be so good as to" san sàaʼan # "leave behind" seidy sèèiʼdy # "teach" seidy sèèiʼdy # "learn" studian studiʼaann # "student" studian:estudian studiʼaann:estudiʼaann # "student" subiaz subihahz # "dry" sudieby sudììeʼby # "boil" taz tàaʼaz # "hit" teidy tèèiʼdy # "take/bring across" tyepy tyèeʼpy # "whistle" tyis tyiʼihs # "jump" unybe unybèe # "know, get to know" xyeily xyeʼilly # "open" yan yàaʼan # "stay" yac:ya{C} yaʼahc:yaʼah{C} # "heal, get better/well" yual yuʼahll # "pant" yulaz yuʼlààaʼz # "like" # FIXME: not used with zeny zehnny # "arrive" zhiby zhihby # "get scared" zhiez rzhìez # "laugh, smile" zhuny zh꞉ùuʼnny # "run; elope" zhuny:zhyuny zh꞉ùuʼnny:zhy꞉ùuʼnny # "run; elope" # ! Dir/LR zhyag zhyàag # "meet" zhyeil zhyeʼilly # "open" zicy ziʼihcy # "send (someone) back (somewhere)" zilaz zilààaʼz # "used to think that" LEXICON N-Stems-Possessed(2) # These are "essentially possessed" nouns # But also here are the irregular possessive forms of plain nouns becw:xyecw becw:x꞉yèeʼcw # "dog (irregular)" bzyan bzyaàaʼn # "brother (of opposite sex); sister (of opposite sex)" chiel chìeʼl # "spouse, husband, wife" dets dehts # "back" dyag dyahg # "ear" gueicy gueʼihcy # "head" lo loh # "face" lo lohoh # "face" ! Dir/LR ni niʼih # "foot; lower leg; back leg (of an animal) xnan x꞉nnaʼan # "mother" xnan x꞉nnaa꞉an # "mother" ! Dir/LR (UDHR) xnanmam x꞉nnaʼanmaʼmm # "grandmother" xtadmam x:taʼadmaʼmm # "grandfather" zhan zh꞉ààaʼn # "rear end, butt" zhiby zhiʼihby # "knee" zhiny zhìiʼiny # "child (offspring)" zuat zuʼaht # "bone" LEXICON N-Stems(2)[regPoss] Dizhsa Dìiʼzhsah # "Zapotec language" Dizhtily Dìiʼzhtiilly # "Spanish language" Dyoz Dyooz # "G-d" Ingles Ingleʼs # "English language" ! Dir/LR Ingles Inglehs # "English language" Lia Lia # person word for females Tiu Tiʼu # person word for males (Señor, Don) amiegw amieʼgw # "friend" apartamen apartameʼenn # "apartment" autobuas autobuaʼs # "bus" autobuas autobuahs # "bus" ! Dir/LR bag baag # "cow" banua bannùùaʼ # "scorpion" bar baar # "stick, pole" basquetbol basqueʼtboʼll # "basketball" bca bcaʼah # "crow" bdo bdòoʼ # "baby" bdua bdùùaʼ # "banana" becw[-regPoss] bèeʼcw[-regPoss] # "dog" beu beʼeu # "month" beld:bel behlld:behll # "fish" beld:bel bèèeʼlld:bèèeʼll # "snake" beld:beld behlld:behlld # "fish" ! Dir/LR beld:beld bèèeʼlld:bèèeʼlld # "snake" ! Dir/LR bistied bistiied # "dress" blal blàaal # "blal (precolumbian earthenware figure)" bolz boʼoollz # "bag" budy buʼuhuhdy # "chicken" budy\ gwuar buʼuhdy\ gwuʼuar # "turkey" budy\ ngual buʼuhdy\ nguʼahll # "male turkey" buny bùunny # "person, man" bxady bx꞉àady # "chapulin" bzeiny bzèiny # "deer" bzeiny:bzëiny bzèiny:bzêiny # "deer" ! Dir/LR cabai cabaʼi # "horse" caj caʼj # "box" campan campaʼnn # "bell" camyuny cammyunny # "bus; truck; car; van" carr caʼrr # "car; bus; truck" cart caʼrt # "letter" chirmia chirmia # "traditional flute" clarinet clarineʼt # "clarinet" coch coʼch # "car" computador computadoor # "computer" cos coʼs # "thing" cotony cotoony # "shirt/blouse" coyot coyoʼt # "‘coyote’ - cross-border escort" cub cuʼuhb # "tejate, masa" cwen cweʼenn # "story" dizh dìiʼzh # "word, language" doctor doʼctoor # "doctor" dolr doʼlr # "dollar" edifisy edifiiʼsy # "building" fald faʼalld # "skirt" fot foʼt # "photograph" gal\ rguily\ dizh gahll\ rguìiʼlly\ dìiʼzh # "word search" gasolyen gasolyeʼnn # "gas, gasoline" gaxlyu gahxlyuh # "world" grabador grabadoor # "tape recorder" guan gùuʼann # "bull" guet gueht # "tortilla" guet\ xtily gueht\ xtiilly # "bread" guez guehehz # "cigarette" gyag gyahg # "stick, tree, wood, firewood" iaz iihahz # "year" la lah # "name" lapy laʼpy # "pencil" lecsyony lecsyoony # "lesson" liebr liʼebr # "book" liny liʼnny # "border (between two countries)" mansan mannsaan # "apple" many maʼany # "animal" manyser maʼanyseer # "bee" mes meʼs # "teacher" meser meseer # "waiter, waitress" milagr milàagr # "miracle" mna mnààaʼ # "woman" mniny mnìiʼiny # "child, kid, boy" muly mùuully # "money" myegr myeʼgr # "border patrol (officer)" myes myeʼes # "mass (at a church)" nyis nyiʼihs # "water" part paʼrt # "part" pasaprt pasapoʼrt # "passport" pelot peloʼt # "ball" pes peʼs # "peso" pistoly pistoʼlly # "gun" plad plaàad # "dish" plum pluʼmm # "pen" polisia polisiia # "policeman; police" pwert pweeʼrt # "door" pyep pyeʼp # "pipe; tanker truck" rmudy rmuudy # "medicine" rrady rraady # "radio" rregal rregaʼll # "gift" rresieb rresiieb # "bill (for service); receipt" rrestauran rrestauraʼann # "restaurant" rsily rsìiilly # "morning" scwel scweel # "school" sede sedee # "CD" swert sweʼrt # "luck" syudadan syudadaʼnn # "citizen" tarea tareea # "exercise, homework" telebisyony telebisyoony # "television" tiu tiʼu # "uncle" unibersida unibersidaa # "university, college" unida unidaa # "unit" wbwan wbwààaʼn # "theif" wi wii # "guava" xtad x꞉taʼad # "father" ydo ydòòoʼ # "church" yu yuʼuh # "house" zhi zh꞉ih # "day" zhieb zhiʼeb # "goat" zhily zhiʼìilly # "sheep" zhomrel zh꞉ommreel # "hat" zhyap zhyàaʼp # "girl" zhyet zhyeʼet # "cat" LEXICON NP-Stems(3) Angl Aʼnngl # "Angel" Aniset Aniseʼt # "Aniseto" Anjalyen Anjalyeʼnn # "Angelina" Anjalyend Anjalyeʼnnd # "Angelina" Arasely Araseʼlly # "Araceli, Aracely" Araceli Araceli # "Araceli" Dir/LR Arnulf Arnuʼullf # "Arnulfo" Bac Baʼahc # "Tlacolula (de Matamoros)" Baisy Baiʼsy # "Bonifacia" Bal Baʼll # "Valeriano, Vale, Valerian" Baleryan Baleryaan # "Valeriano, Valerian" Balyen Balyeʼeenn # "Valentin, Valentine" Bany Baʼnny # "Epifania" Bartol Bartool # "Bartolo, Bart" Bed Beed # "Pedro" Bed Beed # "Pedro, Peter" Bel Beʼll # "Avelina, Vela" Bel Beʼll # "Abel" Bentuar Bentuuar # "Ventura" Benzy Beʼnnzy # "Juvencio" Bery Beery # "Silverio" Bet Beʼt # "Beta" Bet Beʼt # "Roberto, Robert, Heriberto, Herbert" Bich Biʼch # "(nickname for a woman whose given name is the same as that of her mother or grandmother)" Bich Biʼch # "Junior (nickname)" Bily Biilly # "Porfirio" Bitory Biʼtoʼory # "Victoria" Bity Biʼty # "(woman's nickname, often a nickname for Victoria or Joventina)" Blanc Blaaʼnnc # "Blanca, Blanche" Bse Bsee # "Jose, Joseph, Joe" Bundy Buʼunndy # "Abundio" Bzyeny Bzyeʼenny # "Vicente, Vincent" Cady Caʼady # "Eucadia, Elocadia" Califoryën Caliʼfóoryënn # "California" Calyestr Calyeʼestr # "Calixto, Callistus" Can Caʼaann # "Alejandro, Alexander" Can Caʼann # "Alejandra, Candida, Alexandra" Carien Caʼriien # "Quirino" Carl Caʼrl # "Carlos, Charles" Carseinzy Carseʼeinnzy # "Crecencia" Cat Caʼt # "Catalina, Katherine, Kate, Kathy" Caty Caʼty # "Ricardo, Richard" Cau Caʼu # "Claudia" Chan Chaan # "Feliciano" Chel Cheʼll # "Graciela, Chela" Chiecw Chieʼcw # "Chico, Frank, Francis, Francisco" Chon Choʼnn # "Asuncion, Concepcion, Chona" Chu Chuu # "Jesus, Chuy" Chyel Chyeʼll # "Graciela, Chela" Chyoly Chyoolly # "Marisol" Clary Claary # "Clara, Clare" Claudy Claʼudy # "Claudia" Claz Claaz # "Nicolasa, Nicole" Clwaz Clwaaz # "Nicolasa, Nicole" Cob Coob # "Jacobo, Jacob" Conswel Consweʼll # "Consuelo" Cost Coʼst # "Constantino" Cristyen Cristyeʼnn # "Cristina, Christine, Christina" Cyen Cyeʼenn # "Pioquinto" Da Daa # "Soledad" Del Deell # "Adela, Adele" Del Deʼell # "Delfino" Delyen Delyeʼnn # "Adelina, Adeline" Desy Deʼsy # "Modesta" Desy Deʼsy # "Modesto" Diegw Diegw # "Diego, James" Dolf Doʼollf # "Adolfo, Adolph" Dyau Dyàuʼ # "Santiago" Dyeu Dyeʼu # "Diego, James" Elena Elena # "Elena" Ernestyen Ernestyeʼnn # "Ernestina, Ernestine" Felisyet Felisyeʼt # "Felicita, Felicity" Florentyen Florentyeʼenn # "Florentina" Flory Floory # "Flora" Flory Floory # "Florentino" Fransyescw Fransyeʼscw # "Francisco, Francis" Glory Gloory # "Gloria" Glory Gloory # "Gloria" Goi Goʼi # "Gregorio, Goyo, Gregory, Greg" Grasyel Grahsyeʼll # "Graciela" Gueb Gueeb # "Eva, Genoveva, Eve, Genevieve" Guely Gueelly # "Miguel, Michael, Mike" Guly Gùuully # "Gregorio, Goyo, Gregory, Greg" Gyan Gyaan # "(woman's name)" Gyan Gyàan # "(woman's name)" Gyeily Gyeʼeihlly # "Miguel" Gyeily Gyeʼeihlly # "Miguel, Michael, Mike" Gyol Gyoʼoll # "Yolanda" Iarm Iʼarmm # "Irma" Jeiny Jeeiny # "Eugenio, Eugene" Jerard Jeraʼrd # "Gerardo, Gerard" Jorj Joʼorj # "Jorge, George" Juast Juʼast # "Justo, Augusto, Augustus, August" Jub Juub # "Juvencia" July Juully # "Julia" Jwany Jwaany # "Juan" Jwany Jwaany # "Juan, John" Jwanydyau Jwanydyaʼau # "Juan Diego, John James" Lang Laʼnng # "(woman's name)" Lauryan Lauryaan # "Laureano, Lauro, Larry" Lazh Laʼazh # "(man's nickname)" Lazr Laʼzr # "Lazaro, Lazarus" Leanr Leaʼnnr # "(woman's name)" Leinzh Leʼinnzh # "Lorenzo, Lencho, Lawrence" Lejandrien Lejandriien # "Alejandrina, Alexandrina" Len Leen # "Elena" Len Leen # "Elena, Elaine" Lenzh Leʼnnzh # "Florencia, Florence, Flo, Lorenza, Lencha" Leony Leoony # "Leo, Leon" Lepy Leʼpy # "Lupe" Lepy Leʼpy # "Lupe" Liandr Liaʼndr # "(woman's name)" Lianr Liaʼnr # "(woman's name)" Lieb Liʼeb # "Felipe, Philip" Lien Liienn # "Valente, Valentin, Valentine" Liendr Lieʼndr # "Herlinda, Erlinda" Lienr Lieʼnr # "Herlinda, Erlinda" Lijanr Lijaʼnnr # "Alejandro, Alexander" Lorenz Loreʼennz # "Lorenza" Los\ Angl Los\ A'nngl # "Los Angeles" Luc Luʼc # "Lucas, Luke" Luch Luʼch # "(woman's name)" Lusy Luʼsy # "Luis, Lucio, Louis, Lucius" Lyen Lyeʼeenn # "Valentin, Valentine" Lyen Lyeʼnn # "Linda, Herlinda, Erlinda, Ermelinda" Lyend Lyeʼnnd # "Linda, Herlinda, Erlinda, Ermelinda" Lyep Lyeʼp # "Felipa, Philippa" Lyony Lyoony # "Leonor, Leonorda, Leonarda, Leonora" Lyony Lyoony # "Leonardo, Leon, Leonard" Macary Macaary # "Macario" Mad Maad # "Amada" Madeu Madeʼu # "Mateo, Matthew" Man Maʼaann # "Armando" Manol Manoʼll # "Manolo" Mar Maar # "Bulmaro" Marchyoly Marchyoolly # "Marisol" Marg Maʼarg # "Margarita, Marga, Margaret, Marge" Marg Maʼarg # "Margarito" Margaryet Margaryeʼt # "Margarita, Margaret" Maria Mariia # "Maria, Mary" Marigyan Mahriagyaʼnn # "Maria Ana, Mariana, Mary Anne, Marianne" Martin Maʼrtiin # "Martina, Martine" Martiny Martiiny # "Martina, Martine" Martiny Martiiny # "Martin" Mary Maary # "Mario" Maryan Maryaan # "Mariana, Mary Anne, Marianne" Maryen Maryeʼnn # "Marina" Mate Matee # "Matea" Maxlien Mahxliienn # "Marcelina" Mayol Mayoʼoll # "Mayolo" Mazh Maʼazh # "Tomas, Thomas" Mazh Maʼazh # "Tomás/Thomas" Meijy Meʼijy # "Mexico" Mel Meʼel # "Ismael, Ishmael" Meny Meeny # "Filomena, Amelia, Philomena" Mien Miien # "Benjamin, Maximino" Mier Miieʼr # "Casimira" Milian Miliaan # "Emiliana" Milyan Milyaan # "Emiliano, Maximiliano, Maximilian" Mitery Miteery # "Emeteria" Modesy Modeʼsy # "Modesta" Moi Mòiʼ # "Moises, Moses" Mony Moʼoony # "Monica" Mony Mòony # "(woman's name)" Mony Mòony # "Ramon" Morales Morales # "Morales" FIXME: check Dict form Muan Muʼuann # "Raymundo, Mundo, Raymond" Muand Muʼannd # "Raymundo, Mundo, Raymond" Myeng Myeʼenng # "Dominga" Myengw Myeʼengw # "Domingo, Mingo" Myengw Myeʼenngw # "Dominga" Nach Naʼch # "Ignacio, Nacho, Ignatius" Nach Naʼch # "Ignacio, Nacho, Ignatius" Naisy Naiʼsy # "Ignacia" Naisy Naʼisy # "Ignacio" Nary Naary # "(man's name)" Nataly Nataʼally # "Natalia, Natalie" Ndien Ndiien # "Bernardino, Enedino, Bernard" Ndien Ndiienn # "Enedina, Bernardina, Bernadine" Ndres Ndreʼs # "Andres, Andrew" Ndua Ndùuʼah # "Oaxaca" Nduny Nduuny # "Antonio, Anthony" Nel Neʼll # "Manuel" Nes Neʼs # "Inez, Ines" Nien Niʼenn # "Antonina, Nina" Norm Noʼrm # "Norma" Nryec Nryeʼc # "Enrique, Henry" Ntony Ntoony # "Antonia" Nyan Nyaʼnn # "Marcelo, Marcelino, Marcel" Nyec Nyeʼc # "Nicolas, Nico, Nicholas, Nick" Nyet Nyeʼt # "Anita" Nyet Nyeʼt # "Benito, Nito" Oliby Oliiby # "Olivia" Olieb Oliieb # "Olivia" Pabl Paʼbl # "Pablo, Paulo, Paul" Pacw Paʼcw # "Paco, Frank" Paisy Paʼisy # "Bonifacio, Boniface" Paly Paʼlly # "(man's name)" Pam Paamm # "Panfila" Pamyël Páʼmmyëll # "Panfilo" Pan Paʼan # "(man's name)" Pastiny Pahstiiny # "Faustina" Pau Paʼàu # "Paula" Pedro Pedro # "Pedro (Spanish version)" Petr Peʼtr # "Petra" Petr Peʼtr # "Petra" Pily Piʼilly # "Porfirio, Filimon, Philemon" Plory Ploory # "Florentino" Poly Poʼoly # "Hipolito, Hypolitus" Ponzh Poʼonnzh # "Alfonso" Ponzy Poʼnnzy # "Alfonsa" ! Dir/LR Ponzy Poʼonnzy # "Alfonsa" Pred Preed # "Alfredo, Alfred" Puisy Puʼisy # "Felix" Pyen Pyeʼnn # "Delfina, Pina, Delphine" Pyen Pyeʼnn # "Delfino, Pino" Ren Reʼnn # "Irene" Resy Reʼsy # "Patricio, Patrick" Rgyien Rgyiien # "Virginia" Rjien Rjiien # "Virginia" Rnest Rneʼest # "Ernesto, Ernest" Rony Roʼony # "Jeronimo" Rony Roʼony # "Jeronimo, Geronimo" Ror Roor # "Aurora" Rrei Rreʼi # "Reina, Regina" Rrei Rreʼi # "Reynaldo, Reginald" Rricard Rricaʼrd # "Ricardo, Richard" Rricardy Rricaʼrdy # "Ricardo, Richard" Rrod Rroʼd # "(nickname for Rodrigo)" Rrodriegw Rrodriiegw # "Rodrigo, Roderick" Rros Rroʼs # "Rosa, Rose" Rrot Rroʼt # "(nickname for Rodrigo)" Rsary Rsaary # "Rosario" Ruan Ruuann # "Bruna" Ryely Ryeʼlly # "Aurelia, Aureliana" Ryen Ryeʼnn # "Florinda, Alejandrina, Alexandrina" Ryet Ryeʼt # "Margarito" Sabely Sabeelly # "Isabel" Sabien Sabiienn # "Sabina, Sabine" Samohi Samohi # "Santa Monica High School" San Saʼann # "Crisanta" San\ Diegw Sann\ Dieʼgw # "San Diego" ! Dir/LR San\ Diegw Sann\ Dyeʼgw # "San Diego" San\ Luc Sann\ Luʼuc # "San Lucas Quiaviní" Santa\ Mony Sánntah\ Moony # "Santa Monica" Se See # "Jose, Joseph, Joe" Sebastyang Sebastyaʼanng # "Sebastian" Seby Seʼeby # "Eusebio" Sely Seʼlly # "Celia" Seu Seʼu # "Aristeo" Siedr Siiedr # "Isidra" Sily Siilly # "Silvia, Sylvia" Sily Siilly # "Basilio, Basil" Sobryeiny Sobryeeiny # "(man's name)" Stados\ Unied Stadohs\ Uniied # "United States" Syen Syeʼenn # "Lusina, Jacinta, Jacinth" Syen Syeʼenn # "Jacinto" Syend Syeʼennd # "Lusina, Jacinta, Jacinth" Sëby Sëʼëby # "Eusebio" Talach Talaʼch # "(woman's name)" Taly Taʼally # "Natalia, Natalie" Tan Taan # "Cayetana" Tan Taan # "Cayetano" Teb Teʼeb # "Esteban, Stephen, Steve" Tery Teery # "Eleuteria" Tijwan Tijwaʼnn # "Tijuana" Tiny Tiiny # "Martina" Tony Toʼnny # "Antonio, Anthony" Tory Toory # "Victoria" Treiny Treeiny # "Trinidad, Trini" Trez Treez # "Teresa, Theresa" Trez Treez # "Tereso" Tuar Tuuar # "Arturo, Arthur" Tyeiny Tyeeiny # "Sebastian" Tyen Tyeʼnn # "Cristina, Christina" Tyen Tyeʼnn # "Cristina, Christina, Christine" Tyen Tyeʼnn # "Celestino, Tino" Tyofl Tyoʼfl # "Teofilo, Theophilus" West\ Los\ Angl Weʼst\ Los\ A'nngl # "Los Angeles" Wse See # "Jose, Joseph, Joe" Xandan Xanndaan # "Santa Ana del Valle" Xgyia X꞉gyìiʼah # "Teotitlán del Valle" Xmony Xmoʼoony # "Monica" Xtaisy Xtaiʼsy # "Anastacia, Anastasia" Xtruad X꞉truaʼd # "Gertruda, Gertrudiz, Gertrude" Yadier Yadiier # "Yadira" Yagul Yaguʼll # "Yagul" Yo Yoo # "(woman's name)" Yol Yoʼoll # "Yolanda" Zhuan Zh꞉ùaan # "Juana, Jane, Jean, Joan" Zhyac Zhyaʼc # "(woman's name)" Zyec Zyeʼc # "Francisca, Chica, Frances" LEXICON Prep-Stems(2) cuan cuahnn # "and, with" quën quëhnn # "and, with" xte x꞉tèeʼ # "of, as" xten x꞉tèeʼn # "of" # Dir/LR # FIXME par pahr # "for" axta aʼxtaʼ # "until, up to" LEXICON Prep-Stems-WPron(2) cwe cweʼeh # "beside, next to" dets dehts # "behind, in back of" guecy gueʼehcy # "above" lany làaʼany # "in" lo lohoh # "on; in front of; to; (divided) by; in (year)" ni niʼih # "under" ru ruʼuh # "on the edge of" trasde tráhsdeh # "behind, in back of" zalo zalloh # "about" (?) zha zh꞉àaʼ # "under" zhan zh꞉ààaʼn # "under" LEXICON Det-Stems(3) cha chah # "one, a/an (with breadstuffs)" ra ra # (pl) rata raʼtaʼ # "every" teiby teʼihby # "a/an" LEXICON Postdet-Stems(3) re rèe # "that" re rèeʼ # "this" LEXICON Adj-Stems(2) cweby cweeby # "new" duar duuar # "hard" nya nyàa # "clean" zac zaʼc # "nice, good, fancy" LEXICON Adv-Stems(2) a a # "already" (completion of verb) a\ gucgan a\ guhcgaan # "finally" daru\ chu\ zhi dàaʼruʼ\ chuʼuh\ zh꞉ih # "some day" na nah # "now" nadota nadòoʼtaʼ # "at first" nai nàiʼ # "yesterday" naru nahruʼ # "just now; finally" ni niʼih # "that's why, here's why" nyec nyèeʼc # "not" queity:queity queʼity:queʼity # "not" queity:quëity queʼity:quëʼity # "not" ! Dir/LR queity:quëity queʼity:queiʼty # "not" ! Dir/LR queityru queʼityruʼ # "no longer" ricy riʼcy # "there" uas uʼas # "really, very" zhi:yzhi zhii:yzhii # "tomorrow" ! Dir/LR zhi:zhi zhii:zhii # "tomorrow" zicyizy ziʼcyihzy # "just" zyeiny zyèiny # "a lot" LEXICON Adv-Stems-Itg(2) bal bàall # "how many" bal:bald bàall:bàalld # "how many" ! Dir/LR blac blaʼac # "how much (money)" guc:guc guʼc:guʼc # "when" guc:uc guʼc:uʼc # "when" ! Dir/LR xa x꞉a # "how" xa\ mod x꞉a\ moʼod # "how" xi\ ni xi\ niʼih # "why" LEXICON Number-Stems(2) teiby teʼihby # "one" tyop tyoʼp # "two" chon chòonn # "three" tap tahp # "four" gai gàiʼ # "five" xop x꞉òp # "six" gaz gàaz # "seven" xon x꞉òon # "eight" ga gààaʼ # "nine" tsë tsêëʼ # "ten" tsëbteby tsëbteeby # "eleven" tsëbtyop tsëbtyoʼp # "twelve" tseiny tsèeʼiny # "thirteen" tsëda tsëdah # "fourteen" tseiny tsèèiʼny # "fifteen" tseinyabteby tsèiʼnyahbteeby # "sixteen" tseinyabtyop tsèiʼnyahbtyoʼp # "seventeen" tseinyabchon tsèiʼnyahbchòonn # "eighteen" tseinyabtap tsèiʼnyahbtaʼp # "nineteen" galy:galy gàally:gàally # "twenty" galy:galyd gàally:gàallyd # "twenty" ! Dir/LR LEXICON Ij-Stems(2) a àaaʼ # "yes" as aʼs # "hi, hey" as\ nia aʼs\ nniìaʼ # "hey there" queity:queity queʼity:queʼity # "no" queity:quëity queʼity:quëʼity # "no" ! Dir/LR uaszuatsa uʼaszuatsaʼ # "wow" LEXICON Mod-Stems(2) # modal particles e èee # yes/no question marker na nah # optionally used at end of wh questions zhi zhiʼ # adds emphasis at the end of a thought la làaʼ # focus particle LEXICON Numeral 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PATTERN Numerals Numeral+ [:] Numeral+ ([.]|[,]) Numeral+ [:] LEXICON Punctuation .:. ..:.. ...:... ;:; \::\: !:! -:- —:— ,:, ?:? ':' ":" «:« »:» ”:” “:“ (:( \]:\] \[:\[ ):) \\:\\ \/:\/