specificationVersion: '0.1'
id: cloudflare-d1-rate-limits
name: Cloudflare D1 Rate Limits and Operational Limits
description: Operational limits, quotas, and constraints for Cloudflare D1 serverless
  SQLite databases. Limits vary between the Workers Free and Workers Paid plans.
url: https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/platform/limits/
limits:
  - name: Databases per Account (Free)
    description: Maximum number of D1 databases allowed per Cloudflare account on
      the Workers Free plan
    value: 10
    unit: databases
    plan: Workers Free
  - name: Databases per Account (Paid)
    description: Maximum number of D1 databases allowed per Cloudflare account on
      the Workers Paid plan
    value: 50000
    unit: databases
    plan: Workers Paid
  - name: Maximum Database Size (Free)
    description: Maximum size of a single D1 database on the Workers Free plan
    value: 500
    unit: MB
    plan: Workers Free
  - name: Maximum Database Size (Paid)
    description: Maximum size of a single D1 database on the Workers Paid plan
    value: 10
    unit: GB
    plan: Workers Paid
  - name: Maximum Storage per Account (Free)
    description: Total storage across all D1 databases for the Workers Free plan
    value: 5
    unit: GB
    plan: Workers Free
  - name: Maximum Storage per Account (Paid)
    description: Total storage across all D1 databases for the Workers Paid plan
    value: 1
    unit: TB
    plan: Workers Paid
  - name: Rows Read per Day (Free)
    description: Maximum rows that can be read per day on the Workers Free plan. Resets
      at 00:00 UTC.
    value: 5000000
    unit: rows/day
    plan: Workers Free
  - name: Rows Written per Day (Free)
    description: Maximum rows that can be written per day on the Workers Free plan.
      Resets at 00:00 UTC.
    value: 100000
    unit: rows/day
    plan: Workers Free
  - name: Rows Read per Month (Paid - Included)
    description: Rows read included per month in the Workers Paid plan before overage
      billing begins
    value: 25000000000
    unit: rows/month
    plan: Workers Paid
  - name: Rows Written per Month (Paid - Included)
    description: Rows written included per month in the Workers Paid plan before overage
      billing begins
    value: 50000000
    unit: rows/month
    plan: Workers Paid
  - name: Queries per Worker Invocation (Free)
    description: Maximum number of D1 database queries per single Worker invocation
      on the Free plan
    value: 50
    unit: queries/invocation
    plan: Workers Free
  - name: Queries per Worker Invocation (Paid)
    description: Maximum number of D1 database queries per single Worker invocation
      on the Paid plan
    value: 1000
    unit: queries/invocation
    plan: Workers Paid
  - name: Maximum SQL Statement Length
    description: Maximum byte size of a single SQL statement
    value: 100000
    unit: bytes
    plan: All
  - name: Maximum Query Duration
    description: Maximum execution time for a single database query
    value: 30
    unit: seconds
    plan: All
  - name: Maximum Bound Parameters per Query
    description: Maximum number of bound parameters (placeholders) allowed in a single
      SQL query
    value: 100
    unit: parameters
    plan: All
  - name: Maximum SQL Function Arguments
    description: Maximum number of arguments allowed for a single SQL function call
    value: 32
    unit: arguments
    plan: All
  - name: Maximum Columns per Table
    description: Maximum number of columns allowed in a single D1 table
    value: 100
    unit: columns
    plan: All
  - name: Maximum Row/String/BLOB Size
    description: Maximum byte size of a single row, string value, or BLOB value
    value: 2000000
    unit: bytes
    plan: All
  - name: LIKE/GLOB Pattern Characters
    description: Maximum number of characters allowed in a LIKE or GLOB pattern expression
    value: 50
    unit: bytes
    plan: All
  - name: Simultaneous D1 Connections per Invocation
    description: Maximum number of simultaneous D1 database connections per Worker
      invocation
    value: 6
    unit: connections
    plan: All
  - name: Time Travel Restore Operations
    description: Maximum number of Time Travel restore operations per database per
      10-minute window
    value: 10
    unit: restores/10 minutes
    plan: Workers Paid
  - name: Time Travel Window (Free)
    description: Point-in-time recovery window for D1 databases on the Free plan
    value: 7
    unit: days
    plan: Workers Free
  - name: Time Travel Window (Paid)
    description: Point-in-time recovery window for D1 databases on the Paid plan
    value: 30
    unit: days
    plan: Workers Paid
  - name: File Import Size Limit
    description: Maximum size of a SQL file that can be imported into a D1 database
    value: 5
    unit: GB
    plan: All
  - name: Metrics Retention
    description: Duration for which query metrics and analytics data is retained
    value: 31
    unit: days
    plan: All