specification: API Commons Rate Limits
specificationVersion: '0.1'
schema: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api-evangelist/interface-research/main/schema/api-commons.yml#/$defs/RateLimits
provider: Convex
providerId: convex
created: '2026-05-04'
# Provenance stamped 2026-08-11: this artifact was written by the API Evangelist
# bulk sweep dated 2026-05-04, not harvested from the provider. See roadmap#35.
method: generated
modified: '2026-05-05'
reconciled: true
tags:
  - Backend
  - Database
  - Functions
  - Real-Time
  - Reactive
  - Serverless
  - TypeScript
  - Rate Limiting
  - Quotas
  - Throttling
description: Convex limits are expressed primarily as concurrency (queries, mutations, actions, scheduled
  jobs) and per-function execution constraints rather than per-second request rates. Concurrency capacity
  is bound to the deployment instance class (S16, S256, D1024). Plan-level monthly quotas (function
  calls, GB-hours of action compute, etc.) are documented in the plans artifact and act as soft quotas
  with pay-as-you-go overage rather than hard throttles.
sources:
  - https://docs.convex.dev/production/state/limits
  - https://www.convex.dev/pricing
responseCodes:
  throttled: 429
  quotaExceeded: 429
  serviceUnavailable: 503
limits:
  - name: Concurrent queries (S16 instance)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 16
    notes: Concurrent query executions on the S16 (Starter) instance class.
  - name: Concurrent mutations (S16 instance)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 16
    notes: Concurrent mutation executions on the S16 (Starter) instance class.
  - name: Concurrent queries (S256 instance)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 256
    notes: Concurrent query executions on the S256 (Professional) instance class.
  - name: Concurrent mutations (S256 instance)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 256
    notes: Concurrent mutation executions on the S256 (Professional) instance class.
  - name: Concurrent queries (D1024 instance)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 1024
    notes: Concurrent query executions on the D1024 (Dedicated) instance class.
  - name: Concurrent mutations (D1024 instance)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 512
    notes: Concurrent mutation executions on the D1024 (Dedicated) instance class.
  - name: Concurrent Convex/HTTP actions (S16)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 64
  - name: Concurrent Convex/HTTP actions (S256)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 512
  - name: Concurrent Convex/HTTP actions (D1024)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 1024
  - name: Concurrent Node actions (S16)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 64
  - name: Concurrent Node actions (S256)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 256
  - name: Concurrent Node actions (D1024)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 1024
  - name: Concurrent scheduled jobs (S16)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 8
  - name: Concurrent scheduled jobs (S256)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 256
  - name: Concurrent scheduled jobs (D1024)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_requests
    limit: 512
  - name: Concurrent client sessions (S16)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_connections
    limit: 1000
  - name: Concurrent client sessions (S256)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_connections
    limit: 10000
  - name: Concurrent client sessions (D1024)
    scope: deployment
    metric: concurrent_connections
    limit: 100000
  - name: Query/mutation user-code execution time
    scope: function
    metric: execution_seconds
    limit: 1
    timeFrame: second
    notes: User code in a single query or mutation has 1 second of execution time.
  - name: Action execution duration
    scope: function
    metric: execution_seconds
    limit: 600
    timeFrame: second
    notes: Convex/HTTP and Node actions may run up to 10 minutes (600 s).
  - name: Documents scanned per query/mutation
    scope: function
    metric: documents
    limit: 32000
  - name: Documents written per mutation
    scope: function
    metric: documents
    limit: 16000
  - name: Function argument size
    scope: function
    metric: bytes
    limit: 16777216
    notes: 16 MiB max argument size; Node actions are limited to 5 MiB.
  - name: Function return value size
    scope: function
    metric: bytes
    limit: 16777216
  - name: HTTP response size
    scope: function
    metric: bytes
    limit: 20971520
    notes: 20 MiB maximum HTTP action response.
  - name: Code bundle size per deployment
    scope: deployment
    metric: bytes
    limit: 33554432
    notes: 32 MiB maximum total deployed code size.
  - name: Functions scheduled per mutation
    scope: function
    metric: scheduled_functions
    limit: 1000
  - name: Outstanding scheduled functions
    scope: deployment
    metric: scheduled_functions
    limit: 1000000
policies:
  - name: Concurrency, not RPS
    description: Convex throttles primarily on concurrent function executions and connections per deployment
      instance class rather than fixed requests-per-second. Scale up by upgrading the instance class
      or upgrading the plan.
  - name: Soft monthly quotas
    description: Plan quotas (function calls, action compute, storage, egress) are soft. Usage above
      the included amount is billed at the published per-unit overage rate rather than throttled.
  - name: Action timeout
    description: Long-running work belongs in actions (10-minute ceiling), not queries or mutations
      (1-second user-code limit).
  - name: Backoff Strategy
    description: Clients should implement exponential backoff with jitter on 429 and 5xx responses;
      the Convex client SDKs do this automatically.
  - name: Fair Use
    description: Even on Business/Enterprise contracts, sustained usage that materially impacts shared
      infrastructure may be subject to fair-use throttling.
maintainers:
  - FN: API Evangelist
    email: info@apievangelist.com