name: D-Wave Vocabulary
version: '0.1'
description: Operational, capability, and domain vocabulary for the D-Wave quantum annealing platform.
dimensions:
  systems:
  - id: advantage
    label: Advantage
    description: 5,000+ qubit annealing QPU with Pegasus topology.
  - id: advantage2
    label: Advantage2
    description: Next-generation annealing QPU with Zephyr topology and improved coherence.
  topologies:
  - id: chimera
    label: Chimera
    description: Original D-Wave 2000Q qubit graph (4x4 K4,4 bipartite cells).
  - id: pegasus
    label: Pegasus
    description: Advantage qubit graph; each qubit has up to 15 couplers.
  - id: zephyr
    label: Zephyr
    description: Advantage2 qubit graph; each qubit has up to 20 couplers.
  problem_types:
  - id: ising
    label: Ising
    description: Linear (h) and quadratic (J) biases over spin variables in {-1, +1}.
  - id: qubo
    label: QUBO
    description: Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization over variables in {0, 1}.
  - id: bqm
    label: Binary Quadratic Model
    description: Unified representation that subsumes Ising and QUBO.
  - id: cqm
    label: Constrained Quadratic Model
    description: Objective plus equality / inequality constraints with binary, integer, or real variables.
  - id: dqm
    label: Discrete Quadratic Model
    description: Variables with discrete labels (more than binary).
  - id: nl
    label: Nonlinear Model
    description: General nonlinear formulation for industrial optimization via dwave-optimization.
  solver_categories:
  - id: qpu
    label: QPU Sampler
    description: Direct quantum annealing on physical qubits.
  - id: hybrid
    label: Hybrid Solver
    description: Quantum-classical solver running on Leap cloud (LeapHybrid*).
  - id: software
    label: Software Solver
    description: Classical reference solver (neal, tabu, greedy).
  problem_states:
  - {id: pending, label: PENDING}
  - {id: in_progress, label: IN_PROGRESS}
  - {id: completed, label: COMPLETED, terminal: true}
  - {id: failed, label: FAILED, terminal: true}
  - {id: cancelled, label: CANCELLED, terminal: true}
  encoding_formats:
  - {id: qp, label: QP, description: Compact array encoding for QPU Ising/QUBO problems.}
  - {id: bq, label: BQ, description: dimod-serialized model (BQM / CQM / DQM).}
  - {id: ref, label: REF, description: External binary reference; download via SAPI-token.}
  capabilities:
  - id: solver_discovery
    label: Solver Discovery
  - id: problem_submission
    label: Problem Submission
  - id: problem_monitoring
    label: Problem Monitoring
  - id: answer_retrieval
    label: Answer Retrieval
  - id: problem_cancellation
    label: Problem Cancellation
  - id: region_routing
    label: Region Routing
  - id: project_token_management
    label: Project Token Management
  ocean_packages:
  - dimod
  - dwave-system
  - dwave-cloud-client
  - dwave-hybrid
  - dwave-samplers
  - dwave-optimization
  - dwave-preprocessing
  - dwave-inspector
  - dwave-greedy
  - dwave-tabu
  - dwave-neal
  - minorminer
  - dwave-graphs
  - dwave-gate
  - penaltymodel
sources:
- https://docs.dwavequantum.com/en/latest/
- https://github.com/dwavesystems/dwave-cloud-client
- https://github.com/dwavesystems/dwave-ocean-sdk
updated: '2026-05-25'