{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://schema.ethereum.org/json-rpc/ethereum-data-models.json",
  "title": "Ethereum Data Models",
  "description": "JSON Schema definitions for core Ethereum blockchain data structures used in JSON-RPC responses.",
  "$defs": {
    "HexQuantity": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^0x([1-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]*|0)$",
      "description": "A hex-encoded unsigned integer quantity. Must be prefixed with 0x. No leading zeros except for 0x0."
    },
    "HexData": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^0x[0-9a-fA-F]*$",
      "description": "Hex-encoded arbitrary data. Must be prefixed with 0x. Even number of hex digits."
    },
    "Address": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$",
      "description": "A 20-byte Ethereum address, hex-encoded with 0x prefix."
    },
    "Hash32": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^0x[0-9a-fA-F]{64}$",
      "description": "A 32-byte hash (Keccak-256), hex-encoded with 0x prefix."
    },
    "BlockTag": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["latest", "earliest", "pending", "safe", "finalized"],
      "description": "A named block tag for specifying block position."
    },
    "BlockIdentifier": {
      "oneOf": [
        { "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity" },
        { "$ref": "#/$defs/BlockTag" }
      ],
      "description": "A block number (hex) or block tag."
    },
    "Transaction": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "An Ethereum transaction as returned by JSON-RPC methods.",
      "required": ["hash", "from", "nonce", "gas", "input", "value", "v", "r", "s"],
      "properties": {
        "blockHash": {
          "oneOf": [{ "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32" }, { "type": "null" }],
          "description": "Hash of the containing block, or null if pending."
        },
        "blockNumber": {
          "oneOf": [{ "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity" }, { "type": "null" }],
          "description": "Block number, or null if pending."
        },
        "from": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Address",
          "description": "Sender address."
        },
        "gas": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Gas limit provided by the sender."
        },
        "gasPrice": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Gas price in wei (legacy and Type 0 transactions)."
        },
        "maxFeePerGas": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Maximum total fee per gas (EIP-1559)."
        },
        "maxPriorityFeePerGas": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Maximum priority fee per gas (EIP-1559)."
        },
        "hash": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Transaction hash."
        },
        "input": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexData",
          "description": "Call data sent with the transaction."
        },
        "nonce": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Number of prior transactions from the sender."
        },
        "to": {
          "oneOf": [{ "$ref": "#/$defs/Address" }, { "type": "null" }],
          "description": "Recipient address, or null for contract creation."
        },
        "transactionIndex": {
          "oneOf": [{ "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity" }, { "type": "null" }],
          "description": "Index position in the block, or null if pending."
        },
        "value": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Value transferred in wei."
        },
        "type": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Transaction type (0x0 legacy, 0x1 access list, 0x2 EIP-1559, 0x3 blob)."
        },
        "accessList": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/AccessListEntry" },
          "description": "EIP-2930 access list."
        },
        "chainId": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Chain ID (EIP-155)."
        },
        "v": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "ECDSA recovery ID."
        },
        "r": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "ECDSA signature component r."
        },
        "s": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "ECDSA signature component s."
        },
        "maxFeePerBlobGas": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Maximum fee per blob gas (EIP-4844)."
        },
        "blobVersionedHashes": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32" },
          "description": "Blob versioned hashes (EIP-4844)."
        }
      }
    },
    "Block": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "An Ethereum block as returned by eth_getBlockByNumber or eth_getBlockByHash.",
      "required": ["number", "hash", "parentHash", "timestamp", "gasLimit", "gasUsed"],
      "properties": {
        "number": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Block number."
        },
        "hash": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Block hash."
        },
        "parentHash": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Parent block hash."
        },
        "nonce": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexData",
          "description": "Proof-of-work nonce (zeroed post-merge)."
        },
        "sha3Uncles": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "SHA3 of the uncles data."
        },
        "logsBloom": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexData",
          "description": "Bloom filter for log entries (256 bytes)."
        },
        "transactionsRoot": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Root of the transaction trie."
        },
        "stateRoot": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Root of the account state trie."
        },
        "receiptsRoot": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Root of the receipts trie."
        },
        "miner": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Address",
          "description": "Address of the block fee recipient."
        },
        "difficulty": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Block difficulty (zeroed post-merge)."
        },
        "totalDifficulty": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Cumulative chain difficulty."
        },
        "extraData": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexData",
          "description": "Arbitrary extra data."
        },
        "size": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Block size in bytes."
        },
        "gasLimit": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Maximum gas allowed in this block."
        },
        "gasUsed": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Total gas used by all transactions."
        },
        "timestamp": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Unix timestamp of the block."
        },
        "transactions": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "oneOf": [
              { "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32" },
              { "$ref": "#/$defs/Transaction" }
            ]
          },
          "description": "Transaction hashes or full objects depending on the request parameter."
        },
        "uncles": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32" },
          "description": "Uncle block hashes."
        },
        "baseFeePerGas": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Base fee per gas (EIP-1559, post-London)."
        },
        "withdrawalsRoot": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Root of the withdrawals trie (post-Shanghai)."
        },
        "withdrawals": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/Withdrawal" },
          "description": "Validator withdrawals (post-Shanghai)."
        },
        "blobGasUsed": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Total blob gas consumed (EIP-4844)."
        },
        "excessBlobGas": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Excess blob gas (EIP-4844)."
        },
        "parentBeaconBlockRoot": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Parent beacon block root (EIP-4788)."
        }
      }
    },
    "TransactionReceipt": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "The result of executing a transaction, returned by eth_getTransactionReceipt.",
      "required": ["transactionHash", "blockHash", "blockNumber", "from", "gasUsed", "logs", "status"],
      "properties": {
        "transactionHash": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Transaction hash."
        },
        "transactionIndex": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Index in the block."
        },
        "blockHash": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Containing block hash."
        },
        "blockNumber": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Containing block number."
        },
        "from": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Address",
          "description": "Sender address."
        },
        "to": {
          "oneOf": [{ "$ref": "#/$defs/Address" }, { "type": "null" }],
          "description": "Recipient address, or null for contract creation."
        },
        "cumulativeGasUsed": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Total gas used in the block up to and including this transaction."
        },
        "effectiveGasPrice": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Actual gas price paid per unit of gas."
        },
        "gasUsed": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Gas consumed by this transaction."
        },
        "contractAddress": {
          "oneOf": [{ "$ref": "#/$defs/Address" }, { "type": "null" }],
          "description": "Contract address created, or null if not a deployment."
        },
        "logs": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/Log" },
          "description": "Event logs emitted during execution."
        },
        "logsBloom": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexData",
          "description": "Bloom filter for log entries."
        },
        "type": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Transaction type."
        },
        "status": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Execution status: 0x1 for success, 0x0 for failure."
        },
        "blobGasUsed": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Blob gas consumed (EIP-4844)."
        },
        "blobGasPrice": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Blob gas price paid (EIP-4844)."
        }
      }
    },
    "Log": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "An event log entry emitted by a smart contract during transaction execution.",
      "required": ["address", "data", "topics"],
      "properties": {
        "removed": {
          "type": "boolean",
          "description": "True if the log was removed due to a chain reorganization."
        },
        "logIndex": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Index of the log in the block."
        },
        "transactionIndex": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Transaction index in the block."
        },
        "transactionHash": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Hash of the transaction that produced this log."
        },
        "blockHash": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32",
          "description": "Hash of the containing block."
        },
        "blockNumber": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Number of the containing block."
        },
        "address": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Address",
          "description": "Contract address that emitted the event."
        },
        "data": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexData",
          "description": "ABI-encoded non-indexed event parameters."
        },
        "topics": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32" },
          "maxItems": 4,
          "description": "Indexed event parameters. topics[0] is the Keccak-256 event signature hash."
        }
      }
    },
    "AccessListEntry": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "An EIP-2930 access list entry specifying an address and its accessed storage slots.",
      "required": ["address", "storageKeys"],
      "properties": {
        "address": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Address",
          "description": "Account address."
        },
        "storageKeys": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/Hash32" },
          "description": "Storage slot keys accessed."
        }
      }
    },
    "Withdrawal": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "A validator withdrawal from the beacon chain (post-Shanghai/Capella).",
      "required": ["index", "validatorIndex", "address", "amount"],
      "properties": {
        "index": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Monotonically increasing withdrawal index."
        },
        "validatorIndex": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Index of the validator."
        },
        "address": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Address",
          "description": "Withdrawal recipient address."
        },
        "amount": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Withdrawal amount in Gwei."
        }
      }
    },
    "SyncStatus": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Sync status returned by eth_syncing when the node is syncing.",
      "required": ["startingBlock", "currentBlock", "highestBlock"],
      "properties": {
        "startingBlock": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Block number where sync started."
        },
        "currentBlock": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Current block being processed."
        },
        "highestBlock": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Estimated highest known block."
        }
      }
    },
    "FeeHistory": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Historical gas fee data returned by eth_feeHistory.",
      "required": ["oldestBlock", "baseFeePerGas", "gasUsedRatio"],
      "properties": {
        "oldestBlock": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity",
          "description": "Oldest block in the returned range."
        },
        "baseFeePerGas": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity" },
          "description": "Base fee per gas for each block (includes next block)."
        },
        "gasUsedRatio": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 1 },
          "description": "Ratio of gas used to gas limit for each block."
        },
        "reward": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "array",
            "items": { "$ref": "#/$defs/HexQuantity" }
          },
          "description": "Priority fee percentile values for each block."
        }
      }
    }
  }
}