openapi: 3.0.3
info:
  title: NASA FIRMS Area Fire Detections API
  description: 'NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) REST API providing near-real-time satellite fire detections globally from MODIS (Terra/Aqua), VIIRS (S-NPP, NOAA-20, NOAA-21), and LANDSAT instruments. Data is available within 3 hours of satellite observation worldwide, with Ultra Real-Time detections available within 60 seconds for the US and Canada. Supports area-based bounding box queries, KML fire footprints by region, data availability checks, and missing data identification. A free MAP_KEY obtained via registration is required for most endpoints.

    '
  version: '4.0'
  contact:
    name: NASA FIRMS Support
    url: https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/contact/
  termsOfService: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/engage/open-data-services-and-software/data-and-information-policy
  license:
    name: NASA Open Data
    url: https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/engage/open-data-services-and-software/data-and-information-policy
servers:
- url: https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov
  description: NASA FIRMS production server
tags:
- name: Area Fire Detections
  description: Active fire hotspot detections within a bounding box area
paths:
  /api/area/csv/{map_key}/{source}/{area_coordinates}/{day_range}:
    get:
      operationId: getAreaFireDetections
      summary: Get area fire detections (most recent)
      description: 'Returns active fire detection hotspots within the specified bounding box for the most recent DAY_RANGE days (today back to today minus DAY_RANGE-1). Results are returned in CSV format.

        '
      tags:
      - Area Fire Detections
      parameters:
      - $ref: '#/components/parameters/MapKey'
      - $ref: '#/components/parameters/Source'
      - $ref: '#/components/parameters/AreaCoordinates'
      - $ref: '#/components/parameters/DayRange'
      responses:
        '200':
          description: CSV fire detection data
          content:
            text/csv:
              schema:
                $ref: '#/components/schemas/FireDetectionCSV'
              example: 'latitude,longitude,brightness,scan,track,acq_date,acq_time,satellite,confidence,version,bright_t31,frp,daynight

                -12.345,-67.890,325.6,1.0,1.0,2026-06-12,1345,Terra,h,6.1NRT,290.3,15.2,D

                '
        '400':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/BadRequest'
        '401':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/Unauthorized'
        '429':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/RateLimitExceeded'
  /api/area/csv/{map_key}/{source}/{area_coordinates}/{day_range}/{date}:
    get:
      operationId: getAreaFireDetectionsByDate
      summary: Get area fire detections starting from a specific date
      description: 'Returns active fire detection hotspots within the specified bounding box starting from the given DATE and spanning DAY_RANGE days forward (DATE to DATE + DAY_RANGE - 1). Results are returned in CSV format.

        '
      tags:
      - Area Fire Detections
      parameters:
      - $ref: '#/components/parameters/MapKey'
      - $ref: '#/components/parameters/Source'
      - $ref: '#/components/parameters/AreaCoordinates'
      - $ref: '#/components/parameters/DayRange'
      - name: date
        in: path
        required: true
        description: Start date for the query in YYYY-MM-DD format.
        schema:
          type: string
          format: date
          example: '2026-06-01'
      responses:
        '200':
          description: CSV fire detection data for the specified date range
          content:
            text/csv:
              schema:
                $ref: '#/components/schemas/FireDetectionCSV'
        '400':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/BadRequest'
        '401':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/Unauthorized'
        '429':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/RateLimitExceeded'
components:
  parameters:
    DayRange:
      name: day_range
      in: path
      required: true
      description: Number of days to include in the query (1 to 5).
      schema:
        type: integer
        minimum: 1
        maximum: 5
        example: 2
    MapKey:
      name: map_key
      in: path
      required: true
      description: 'Free MAP_KEY obtained via registration at https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/api/map_key/. Rate limited to 5000 transactions per 10-minute interval. Larger requests (e.g., 7-day queries) may count as multiple transactions.

        '
      schema:
        type: string
        example: d2b4a9e1f3c75820b6da1e4f9c0b3721
    Source:
      name: source
      in: path
      required: true
      description: Satellite sensor data source.
      schema:
        $ref: '#/components/schemas/SourceEnum'
    AreaCoordinates:
      name: area_coordinates
      in: path
      required: true
      description: 'Bounding box in west,south,east,north format (decimal degrees), or the string "world" for global coverage [-180,-90,180,90].

        '
      schema:
        type: string
        example: -85,-57,-32,14
  responses:
    BadRequest:
      description: Bad request — invalid or missing parameters.
      content:
        text/plain:
          schema:
            type: string
    Unauthorized:
      description: Unauthorized — MAP_KEY is missing, invalid, or quota exceeded.
      content:
        text/plain:
          schema:
            type: string
    RateLimitExceeded:
      description: 'Rate limit exceeded — more than 5000 transactions in a 10-minute interval. Retry after the interval resets.

        '
      content:
        text/plain:
          schema:
            type: string
  schemas:
    FireDetectionCSV:
      type: string
      description: 'CSV-formatted active fire detection data. Columns vary by sensor but typically include latitude, longitude, brightness temperature, scan size, track size, acquisition date/time, satellite name, confidence level, version, brightness T31, fire radiative power (FRP), and day/night flag.

        '
      example: 'latitude,longitude,brightness,scan,track,acq_date,acq_time,satellite,confidence,version,bright_t31,frp,daynight

        -12.345,-67.890,325.6,1.0,1.0,2026-06-12,1345,Terra,h,6.1NRT,290.3,15.2,D

        '
    SourceEnum:
      type: string
      description: Satellite sensor data source identifier.
      enum:
      - LANDSAT_NRT
      - MODIS_NRT
      - MODIS_SP
      - VIIRS_NOAA20_NRT
      - VIIRS_NOAA20_SP
      - VIIRS_NOAA21_NRT
      - VIIRS_SNPP_NRT
      - VIIRS_SNPP_SP
      example: VIIRS_SNPP_NRT