generated: '2026-08-17' method: derived source: https://docs.rainbowstandard.io/glossary.md note: Faithful extraction of the Rainbow (formerly Riverse) published Glossary — 207 defined terms across 13 sections (a general carbon-market vocabulary plus one per methodology). Every term and definition is verbatim from Rainbow's own GitBook glossary page, with the HTML table markup stripped; nothing was authored, paraphrased or invented here. Rainbow publishes no API, so this is a DOMAIN vocabulary (carbon crediting, MRV, methodology terms) rather than an API data dictionary. The companion Acronyms page (https://docs.rainbowstandard.io/accronyms.md) is published but currently EMPTY — it returns 200 with a heading and no content. name: Rainbow Standard Glossary human_url: https://docs.rainbowstandard.io/glossary term_count: 207 section_count: 13 sections: - name: General term_count: 33 - name: Battery second life term_count: 23 - name: BioCCS term_count: 26 - name: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) term_count: 22 - name: Distributed biochar term_count: 20 - name: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial term_count: 9 - name: Biogas from anaerobic digestion term_count: 9 - name: Refurbishing of electronic devices term_count: 12 - name: Biobased construction materials term_count: 8 - name: Carbonated materials term_count: 9 - name: Enhanced rock weathering term_count: 23 - name: Transport module term_count: 7 - name: CRCF term_count: 6 terms: - term: Baseline scenario section: General definition: The set of processes used to model the greenhouse gas emissions of what would happen without the project. Also called the reference scenario or business-as-usual scenario. - term: Buffer pool section: General definition: A shared account of Rainbow Carbon Credits that projects issuing removal Rainbow Carbon Credits contribute to, used to compensate for carbon removal reversal. - term: Carbon avoidance section: General definition: Avoiding greenhouse gas emissions that would have occurred without the project’s mitigation activity. - term: Carbon removal section: General definition: Physically removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in biologic or geologic pools. Also called carbon sequestration. - term: Carbon finance section: General definition: The financial instruments and funding mechanisms resulting from the selling of carbon credits to support projects. - term: Certification section: General definition: The combined process of validation and verification of a project to issue Rainbow Carbon Credits. - term: Commitment period section: General definition: The duration over which carbon will be removed. - term: Crediting period section: General definition: The duration over which a given project is eligible for Rainbow Carbon Credits. It may be renewed by undergoing a new validation audit. - term: Discount factor section: General definition: A percentage of verified Rainbow Carbon Credits eliminated from each project and never issued. This acts as a safeguard against uncertainty in GHG quantifications and overestimated carbon removal/avoidance. - term: Ex-post section: General definition: After the fact. Actual outcomes after the project mitigation activity has occurred. All Rainbow Carbon Credits are ex-post. As opposed to ex-ante, which is before the fact. - term: Global Warming Potential (GWP) section: General definition: A measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a specific time period, compared to carbon dioxide (CO₂). It is a relative measure of the impact of a greenhouse gas. - term: Indigenous peoples section: General definition: People that self-identify as Indigenous and are recognized by others as Indigenous, with historical continuity with pre-colonial societies; distinct languages, customs, and institutions; a strong connection to ancestral lands or territories; and are often governed by customary laws or traditional authorities. - term: Local communities section: General definition: Local communities are non-Indigenous people with a long-standing connection to a particular rural or semi-rural geographic area; reliance on local natural resources for livelihood; social cohesion or shared cultural traits, though not necessarily Indigenous; living in geographic proximity to a part of the project area, including but not limited to sourcing, production, and/or end use locations. - term: MCI section: General definition: The Material Circularity Indicator (MCI), developed by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, measures the extent to which a product's material flows are restorative. - term: Mitigation activity section: General definition: The specific processes within a project that lead to carbon removal/avoidance. - term: Monitoring section: General definition: Ongoing measurement of indicators to determine whether the project delivers the expected carbon removal/avoidance. Used for Rainbow Carbon Credit verification. - term: Monitoring period section: General definition: The period of time covered by a project's Monitoring Report, for which they have monitored operations following the Monitoring Plan, and undergo verification audit and are issued credits. - term: Non-conformity section: General definition: Failure by a Project Developer or a VVB to comply with the rules and procedures established by the certification scheme, of which they are members or under which they operate - term: Project section: General definition: The mitigation activity/activities that are under consideration for issuance of Rainbow Carbon Credits. - term: Project Developer section: General definition: Entity responsible for executing the project, which should include a contact person plus company/organization name. The Project Developer may apply for Rainbow Carbon Credits themselves (the default case), or designate a Registration Partner. - term: Project output section: General definition: Products or services that the project generates. - term: Project scenario section: General definition: The set of processes used to model the greenhouse gas emissions of the project, which must be functionally equivalent to the baseline scenario. - term: Registration partner section: General definition: An entity chosen by the Project Developer to apply for Rainbow Carbon Credits and meet the Project Developer's obligations on their behalf. - term: Rainbow Registry section: General definition: The digital platform created by Rainbow that tracks the issuance, purchases, and retirements of Rainbow Carbon Credits. - term: Rainbow Carbon Credit section: General definition: 1 tonne of CO2eq removed or avoided by a project’s mitigation activity. - term: Rainbow Standard Documentation section: General definition: The highest level of documentation that covers all projects and methodologies under the Rainbow Standard. It includes the Rainbow Standard Rules, the Procedures Manual, and other documents. - term: Rebound effect section: General definition: Improvements in resource efficiency or climate impacts that yield lower-than-expected gains due to behavioral or systemic effects. - term: Reversal- avoidable section: General definition: Reversal of carbon removal that results from actions or omissions within the project’s control, could have been prevented with reasonable foresight and risk mitigation typically a result of failure to maintain equipment, follow protocol, or update systems; human error or negligence; or foreseeable and mitigable natural disturbances. - term: Reversal- unavoidable section: General definition: Reversal of carbon removal that is caused by events beyond reasonable control or prediction, where mitigation was not feasible or would have imposed unreasonable burden, resulted from natural disasters (e.g. wildfire, earthquake, extreme weather); pest or disease outbreaks; or policy or regulatory change beyond project control - term: Reversal monitoring audit section: General definition: An audit carried out by a VVB during the monitoring period or post-crediting monitoring period to verify monitoring of stored carbon and any reversals. - term: Validation audit section: General definition: First audit to check if a project is eligible for Rainbow Carbon Credits, and to estimate the expected number of credits that will be issued through the entire crediting period. - term: Verification audit section: General definition: Subsequent audits of whether the expected carbon removal/avoidance occurred, based on ongoing monitoring. After verification, Rainbow Carbon Credits are issued. - term: Validation and verification body section: General definition: A body that audits projects against the Rainbow Standard requirements and the applicable methodology requirements, through validation and verification audits. The body is subject to the Rainbow Standard VVB requirements. - term: Auxiliary components section: Battery second life definition: The individual non-electrochemical parts within a battery pack, including casings, connectors, and electronic control systems. It does not include Battery Units (BU) or Battery Management System (BMS). - term: Battery marketplace section: Battery second life definition: An online or physical platform for buying, selling, or trading batteries or battery-related services. - term: Battery pack section: Battery second life definition: The item encompassing all other components described here. It includes battery units (arranged in series, parallel, or both), and depending on the specific battery type, may include a BMS and various auxiliary components. - term: Battery recycling section: Battery second life definition: The process of recovering used batteries to extract valuable materials (such as metals, plastics, and chemicals) and ensure that harmful substances are safely disposed of. Unlike refurbishing or regeneration, the recycled battery is no longer usable after the process. - term: Battery refurbishing section: Battery second life definition: The mechanical process of replacing worn components, reconditioning structure, disassembly, cleaning, and testing. High-quality parts are reused for "second-life" batteries, extending lifespan for battery repurposing or returning to its original application. - term: Battery regeneration section: Battery second life definition: The process of restoring battery performance by reversing chemical degradation, via e.g. deep discharging and recharging, or applying specific electrical pulses. It can also include electrolytes replacement (Pb-acid batteries). It improves battery's capacity and efficiency without replacing major components. The regenerated battery usually returns to its original application. - term: Battery repurposing section: Battery second life definition: A form of battery second life, where the battery is used in a different application than its original purpose and its first life use. - term: Battery reuse section: Battery second life definition: A form of battery second-life, where the battery is used in the same application as in its first life, that it was initially designed for. - term: Battery second life section: Battery second life definition: Extended use of a battery after it can no longer perform its original application from its first life. This reduces environmental impact by delaying recycling or disposal, and replacing the need for new battery production. - term: Battery Unit (BU) section: Battery second life definition: A single battery (lead-acid batteries) or cells and modules (li-ion and NiMH) that can store electrical energy and provide power. - term: EV battery section: Battery second life definition: A battery designed specifically to power electric vehicles (EVs), typically using lithium-ion and NiMH chemistry. - term: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) section: Battery second life definition: A policy approach that holds manufacturers responsible for the entire lifecycle of their products, especially waste management. - term: Energy storage system (ESS) section: Battery second life definition: A battery capable of storing energy in order to supply electrical energy at a later time. - term: Industrial battery section: Battery second life definition: Batteries that are used in off-highway electric vehicles such as forklifts, construction equipment such as scissor lifts, excavators, and agricultural machinery. - term: Li-ion section: Battery second life definition: Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery is a type of rechargeable battery that relies on lithium ions moving between a graphite anode and a lithium metal oxide cathode during charge and discharge cycles. - term: LMT section: Battery second life definition: Batteries used in Light Means of Transport (LMT) such as e-bikes and e-scooters. Usually using Li-ion and NiMH battery chemistries. - term: NiMH section: Battery second life definition: A battery Nickel Metal Hydrade (NiMH) battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses a nickel oxide hydroxide cathode and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy anode. - term: Pb-acid section: Battery second life definition: Lead-acid (Pb-acid) battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses lead dioxide as the cathode, sponge lead as the anode, and a sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte. - term: Preparation for reuse section: Battery second life definition: Inspecting, testing, and preparing battery units, auxiliary components and packs to be reused in their original function without significant alterations - term: Preparation for repurpose section: Battery second life definition: Inspecting, testing, and preparing battery units, auxiliary components and packs to be repurposed and used for a different function (e.g. an EV battery repurposed to an ESS). - term: PRO section: Battery second life definition: A Producer Responsibility Organization (PRO) is an organization or company responsible for ensuring that producers meet their environmental obligations under EPR frameworks. - term: SLI section: Battery second life definition: Starting, Lighting, and Ignition (SLI) batteries are a specific type of lead-acid battery used in vehicles to power ignition, lights, and electronic accessories. - term: SoH section: Battery second life definition: The State of Health (SoH) represents a battery's condition and energy capacity compared to its original state. Expressed as a percentage, 100% indicates perfect condition, while lower values show degradation due to factors like age and use. SoH helps evaluate a battery's performance, and is a factor in determining remaining battery lifetime. - term: Additional biomass section: BioCCS definition: A biomass fraction of a retrofit project, defined as any biomass used above the amount of biomass consumed in the baseline. - term: Associated CO 2 Fossil CO2 emitted as a result of the capture process. Baseline biomass section: BioCCS definition: A biomass fraction of a retrofit project, defined as the amount of biomass consumed by the underlying facility as it existed prior to the retrofit. - term: BioCCS section: BioCCS definition: The process of capturing biogenic CO2 at a point-source, transporting and securely storing it for over 1,000 years in a geological storage reservoir that is permitted under a relevant international or national regulation. - term: Bioenergy section: BioCCS definition: Renewable energy derived from organic materials, such as plant and animal waste, agricultural and forestry residues, that are converted into heat, electricity, or fuels through processes like combustion, gasification, oxidation, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. - term: Biogenic CO 2 CO2 originating from biomass sources. It is produced by chemical or biological conversion of biomass through combustion, oxidation, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. Its capture and storage leads to net carbon removals, and is eligible for removal carbon credits. Biomass category section: BioCCS definition: The qualitative type and source of biomass eligible under this methodology. - term: Biomass fraction section: BioCCS definition: 'An accounting construct to delineate which fraction of biomass is used for what purpose: baseline vs additional biomass (retrofit); biomass allocated to CO2 generation vs allocated to bioenergy generation vs parasitic load biomass (greenfield).' - term: Capture facility section: BioCCS definition: The facility that captures a biogenic CO2-containing stream from a point-source and processes it into a transport- or storage-ready form, meeting CO2 purity and pressure requirements. - term: Captured CO 2 CO2 captured and concentrated from a point-source of CO2. This can include both biogenic and fossil CO2. CRCF section: BioCCS definition: The European Commission's Regulation 2024/3012 on establishing a Union certification framework for permanent carbon removals, carbon farming and carbon storage in products, also called Carbon Removal and Carbon Farming regulation . URL - term: Embodied emissions section: BioCCS definition: Emissions associated with the construction of infrastructure and machinery attributed to the BioCCS project. - term: Exit point section: BioCCS definition: A point at which CO2 is transferred out of the capture facility for the purpose of either transport or storage, which excludes any smokestack, flue or other outlet at the capture facility from which CO2 is released into the atmosphere. - term: Fossil CO 2 CO2 originating from fossil fuels. Its capture and storage is not eligible for removal carbon credits. Fugitive CO 2 emissions section: BioCCS definition: Irregular or unintended CO2 emissions from sources that are not localized, or are too diverse or not substantial enough to be monitored individually (e.g. equipment like reactors, pipelines, trucks). - term: Geological storage section: BioCCS definition: Storage of CO2 at a geological storage site permitted under a relevant international or national regulation. - term: Greenfield A project setup, defined as the installation of a new facility, where biomass conversion and CO2 capture are co-designed. Heat section: BioCCS definition: Also referred to as useful heat. Generated to satisfy an economically justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes. - term: Induced GHG emissions section: BioCCS definition: Increase in direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions over the entire lifecycle of a BioCCS project due to the implementation of the project. - term: Leakage section: BioCCS definition: Displacement of emitting activities from the project scope to areas outside the project scope, resulting in an indirect transfer of GHG emissions rather than the absolute removal of emissions. - term: Marginal energy crop section: BioCCS definition: A biomass category for energy crops grown on marginal, degraded or contaminated land, or as a cover crop or intermediary crop. - term: Mixed stream section: BioCCS definition: 'A mixed stream is either CO 2 streams generated and captured together: a stream of mixed fossil and biogenic CO2, generated from feedstock that includes a share of fossil-based material, or CO 2 streams generated separately, and captured together : the co-capture of the project CO2 stream and one or more CO2 streams from project-unrelated sources at the same capture facility. This includes fossil CO2, biogenic CO2 from sustainable (zero-rated) biomass and biogenic CO2 from unsustainable (non-zero-rated) biomass.' - term: Nameplate energy generation capacity section: BioCCS definition: Maximum theoretical (power) output of a facility, determined by the operator and registered with authorities. - term: Non-segregated CO 2 stream section: BioCCS definition: Project's captured CO2 that is mixed with other CO2 streams for any transport or injection step. - term: Operator section: BioCCS definition: A natural or legal person, or public entity, that operates or controls the carbon removal project (i.e the capture facility), or holds decisive economic power over the technical functioning of the project. - term: Point-source section: BioCCS definition: A localized, identifiable origin of CO2 emissions from which a concentrated CO2 stream can be captured. - term: Post-crediting monitoring period section: BioCCS definition: Period up until the point at which responsibility for all geological storage sites used by the activity has been transferred to the relevant competent national authorities, in accordance with national regulations. - term: Primary energy crop section: BioCCS definition: A biomass category for energy crops grown as main crop on agricultural land, if this land has been repeatedly cultivated for energy crops for at least 20 years prior to the start of the project's activity. - term: RED section: BioCCS definition: The European Commission's amended Directive 2018/2001 on the promotion of use of energy from renewable sources, also called Renewable Energy Directive III . URL - term: Retrofit A project setup, defined as the addition of a carbon capture unit to an existing biomass conversion site. Segregated CO 2 stream section: BioCCS definition: Project's captured CO2 that is at all times transported and injected separately from other CO2 streams. - term: Vented CO 2 emissions section: BioCCS definition: Intentional release of CO2 for operational or safety reasons. - term: Bioenergy section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: Renewable energy derived from organic materials, such as plant and animal waste, agricultural crops, and forestry residues, that are converted into heat, electricity, or fuels through processes like combustion, gasification, or fermentation - term: BECCS section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) is a carbon mitigation technology that combines the use of bioenergy (from biomass) with carbon capture and storage (CCS) to remove and store carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the atmosphere - term: Biochar section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: material that is rich in stable carbon, produced through the thermal conversion of biomass in a low-oxygen environment - term: Delivery Risk section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: The potential risk that a project will not be able to deliver the anticipated results, such as the projected amount of biochar or carbon sequestration benefits. - term: End use application section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: The way biochar will be used, such as direct application to soil, mixing with compost and application of the mix to soil, mixing with cement for use in concrete. - term: End use point section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: The step in the production chain where biochar leaves the direct control of biochar producers, where it is assumed to be incorporated into its final end use application. - term: Embodied Transport Emissions section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: GHG emissions associated with the production, maintenance, and operation of transportation infrastructure and vehicles across all modes of transport (e.g., road, sea). - term: Feedstock section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: The organic material used as the raw input for biochar production, such as wood, agricultural residues, or manure. - term: Gasification section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: high-temperature process that involves the partial oxidation of organic materials in the presence of a controlled amount of oxygen (or air) and a gasification agent - term: GVW section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: Gross Vehicle Weight is the total weight of a vehicle, including its own weight plus the weight of any cargo - term: Loading rate section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: Ratio of actual load to the full load or capacity (e.g. mass or volume) that a vehicle carries per trip. - term: Molar H/C org ratio section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: The ratio of hydrogen to organic carbon atoms in biochar, used to assess the stability and quality of biochar; lower ratios indicate higher stability. - term: Permanence horizon section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: Sequestration horizon, commitment period - term: Production batch section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: Biochar produced under the same conditions regarding production temperature and feedstock mix. A production batch has a maximum validity of 365 days. - term: Production batch ID section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: A unique identifier for each production batch. - term: Pyrolysis section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: thermal decomposition process that occurs in the absence of oxygen - term: Random reflectance section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: A measure of the reflectivity of biochar under a microscope, indicating the degree of carbonization, inertinite characteristics and permanence of the biochar. - term: Segment section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: Part of the transportation process involving the movement of inputs or products between point A and point B within the project boundary. - term: Transport segment section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: One shipment of a fixed amount of material from a known location A to a known location B. It represents a one-way trip. - term: Transport Unit section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: A general term used to describe any vehicle, vessel, or mode of transportation used to move goods or passengers from one location to another. In this module version, this includes trucks and ships. - term: Transport type/ mode of transport section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: Type of transport. E.g. by land (truck, rail, pipe), by water (boat, ferry), by air (airplane). This module's first version focuses on road and sea transport type. - term: Verification period section: Biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) definition: The time period of project activities that a given verification audit and carbon credit issuance covers. For biochar application to soils, this may be one calendar year, or the duration of validity of one production batch. - term: Kiln section: Distributed biochar definition: An individual pyrolysis unit that produced biochar. A kiln may be mobile or stationary, used individually or collectively, and open or closed. - term: Site section: Distributed biochar definition: A distinct location where a kiln or kilns are operated. - term: Kiln operator section: Distributed biochar definition: The individual performing pyrolysis and producing biochar. This includes preparing biomass, loading it into the kiln, surveilling pyrolysis, storing biochar, taking biochar samples, and ensuring durable biochar end use. - term: Kiln supervisor section: Distributed biochar definition: Hired by the Project Developer to be the party responsible for ensuring quality of the operations by on-the-ground presence and random visits to kiln operators. - term: dMRV section: Distributed biochar definition: A digital platform (application or website) provided by a third-party dMRV provider other than Rainbow, to allow kiln operators to record and document their operations, ensuring compliance with methodology requirements. - term: Kiln run section: Distributed biochar definition: One full pyrolysis process, the operation of one kiln, one batch of biochar produced. - term: Production Batch section: Distributed biochar definition: Biochar produced under the same conditions regarding kiln type, biomass feedstock, and temperature curve. A production batch has a maximum validity of 6 months or 200 tonnes of biochar, whichever comes first. Key measurements like carbon content and H/C ratio are done once per production batch. - term: Biochar section: Distributed biochar definition: Material that is rich in stable carbon, produced through the thermal conversion of biomass in a low-oxygen environment. - term: Bone-dry biochar section: Distributed biochar definition: Biochar with a moisture content of 0%, typically measured immediately after exiting the kiln before any water is added during quenching. - term: End use application section: Distributed biochar definition: The way biochar will be used, such as direct application to soil, mixing with compost and application of the mix to soil, mixing with cement for use in concrete. - term: End use point section: Distributed biochar definition: The step in the production chain where biochar leaves the direct control of biochar producers, where it is assumed to be incorporated into its final end use application. - term: Feedstock section: Distributed biochar definition: The organic material used as the raw input for biochar production, such as wood, agricultural residues, or manure. - term: Molar H/C org ratio section: Distributed biochar definition: The ratio of hydrogen to organic carbon atoms in biochar, used to assess the stability and quality of biochar; lower ratios indicate higher stability. - term: Production batch ID section: Distributed biochar definition: A unique identifier for each production batch. - term: Pyrolysis section: Distributed biochar definition: Thermal decomposition process that occurs in the absence of oxygen - term: Quenching section: Distributed biochar definition: The process of rapidly cooling biochar immediately after pyrolysis to stop combustion and minimize methane emissions. - term: Site Composite Pile section: Distributed biochar definition: A growing pile of biochar subsamples accumulated by the Kiln Operator over the course of a Production Batch. After each kiln run, a defined quantity of biochar is set aside and added to this pile. One Site Composite Pile is maintained per site per Production Batch. - term: Site Composite Sample section: Distributed biochar definition: A representative sample of biochar taken from the thoroughly mixed Site Composite Pile once the Production Batch is complete. Site Composite Samples from all sites within the same Production Batch are combined to form the Production Batch Composite Pile. - term: Production Batch Composite Pile section: Distributed biochar definition: A combined pile of Site Composite Samples collected from all sites contributing to the same Production Batch. The pile is thoroughly mixed by the Kiln Supervisor before a representative sample is taken for laboratory analysis. - term: Production Batch Representative Sample section: Distributed biochar definition: The final representative sample taken from the mixed Production Batch Composite Pile and sent to an accredited laboratory for measurement of organic carbon content, permanence indicators (H/Corg ratio and/or inertinite content), and, once per year, environmental pollutants. - term: Anoxic section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: The absence of oxygen. In marine sediments, anoxic layers contain no detectable oxygen, as the rate of oxygen diffusion into these layers is slower than its consumption. In these conditions, microbial activity and organic matter degradation occur at significantly slower rates compared to oxic environments. - term: Burial event section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: The act of burying feedstock mixture into the storage point. - term: Feedstock section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: The organic material used as the raw input for sub-sediment storage, such as wood, agricultural residues, or manure. - term: Feedstock mixture section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: The specific biomass feedstock composition (e.g. corn husks, rice straw) and state (e.g. shredded, emulsified, mixed into a slurry) used in the sub-sediment storage. - term: Marine sediments section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: Deposits of insoluble material that have built up on the seafloor, primarily rock and soil particles, and remains of marine and terrestrial biomass. Sediments have pore space that is filled with marine water, and exchange can occur with the marine water in sediments and the overlying water column via diffusion. - term: Sub-sediment section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: A layer of sediment that is not exposed to the overlying water column, does not hold multicellular life and does not experience re-suspension. There is no exchange with marine water and the overlying water column. - term: Storage batch section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: All burial events of homogenous feedstock mixtures at one storage site over a maximum of 31 days. Data shall be monitored and reported at the storage batch level, and multiple storage batches can be grouped and analyzed together for one project. - term: Storage site section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: A group of similar storage points within 24 km ^2 of one another with similar site characteristics. - term: Storage point section: BiCRS Marine sub-sediment burial definition: The precise spot where a burial event occurs. Similar storage points may be grouped into a storage site. - term: Biogas section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: A mixture of gasses produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter, primarily composed of biogenic methane and carbon dioxide. It can be used directly as a renewable energy source, or can be purified to biomethane. - term: Biogenic methane section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: Methane produced from the decomposition of organic matter, as opposed to methane derived from fossil fuels. It has a slightly lower global warming potential than fossil-based methane. - term: Biomethane section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: Methane that has been purified from biogas to meet quality standards for natural gas. It can be used for heating, electricity generation, or as vehicle fuel. - term: Dedicated crop section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: Crops specifically grown for use as feedstock in energy production, such as maize or sorghum, as opposed to crops grown for food or other purposes. They are cultivated during the main growing season and harvested at maturity. - term: Digestate section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: The nutrient-rich residue left after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstock, which can be used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner. - term: Energy cover crop section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: Crops like clover or rye that are grown during the off-season for use as biogas feedstock. They prevent soil erosion and are harvested for energy production, unlike traditional cover crops, which are mixed into the soil. - term: Feedstock section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: Organic materials used as inputs in the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion, such as agricultural residues, food waste, or manure. - term: Methane section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: A colorless, odorless flammable gas (CH₄) that is the main component of natural gas and biogas. It is a potent greenhouse gas when released into the atmosphere. - term: Nitrous oxide section: Biogas from anaerobic digestion definition: A potent greenhouse gas (N₂O) occasionally emitted during anaerobic digestion, especially with high-nitrogen feedstock. It has a much higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide. - term: Buyback section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: Buying used devices from consumers. - term: Device A section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: In this methodology, Device A refers to the first life of the refurbished device in the project scenario, and the waste device in the baseline scenario. - term: Device B section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: In this methodology, Device B refers to the refurbished device in the project scenario, and the new manufactured device in the baseline scenario. - term: Functioning device section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: A device that is successfully refurbished by the refurbishing project. It replaces a new manufactured device. - term: Non-functioning device section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: A device that is not successfully refurbished by the refurbishing project. It may be recycled, dismantled for spare parts to be used by the refurbisher, or sold for spare parts. - term: Refurbishing section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: The process of repairing and restoring used devices to good working order. - term: Residual value section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: The value (economic and lifetime) of a used device that is still remaining when it is sold and/or sent for refurbishing. - term: Scrap materials section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: Parts of used devices that are no longer functioning and are replaced by spare parts in the refurbishing process. - term: Small IT and telecommunication equipment section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: A category of electronic waste (e-waste) defined by the WEEE directive, composed of devices no larger than 50 cm external dimension, including mobile phones, GPS, routers, personal computers, and printers. - term: Sold devices section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: A functioning device that was successfully refurbished and sold functioning by the refurbishing project. It fully meets the market requirements and replaces a new manufactured device. - term: Spare parts section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: Functioning parts used in the refurbishing process to replace non-functioning parts, such as a battery or display. They may be new manufactured parts, or harvested from dismantled non-functioning devices. - term: WEEE section: Refurbishing of electronic devices definition: Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment, also called e-waste - term: Biobased construction material section: Biobased construction materials definition: Materials derived from biomass that are used in construction and other applications - term: Biogenic carbon section: Biobased construction materials definition: Carbon from organic matter that can be sequestered and stored in biobased products during their production, and released back into the atmosphere if they are incinerated or decayed. It is considered part of the short, natural carbon cycle, as opposed to fossil based carbon - term: Biomass section: Biobased construction materials definition: The biodegradable fraction of materials from biogenic origin, such as trees, plants, and agricultural and urban waste - term: Carbon storage duration section: Biobased construction materials definition: The number of years that biogenic carbon will be stored in a construction material. This corresponds to the reference service lifetime for the material’s first use, plus extended storage periods from reuse, recycling, or landfilling - term: Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) section: Biobased construction materials definition: A standardized and independently verified document that communicates the environmental performance of a product, including construction materials, based on a life cycle assessment - term: Reference service lifetime section: Biobased construction materials definition: The expected or predefined period of use for a product or construction material, measured in number of years. Used for assessing its environmental impact over its life cycle - term: Modules A-D section: Biobased construction materials definition: Components and terminology of an environmental assessment under EN 15804, outlining the stages of a life cycle assessment for construction materials. They encompass (A) Production, (B) Construction/Installation, (C) Use, and (D) End of Life - term: Project biobased material section: Biobased construction materials definition: The biobased material from the project that is subject to removal and/or avoidance Rainbow Carbon Credit issuance. Its production/use is the mitigation activity for this methodology. - term: Mineralization, Mineral Carbonation section: Carbonated materials definition: A chemical process where CO2 reacts with alkaline materials (e.g., concrete, cement, industrial residues) to form stable carbonates (e.g. CaCO3), permanently storing CO2. Mineralization and carbonation are used interchangeably in the present methodology. - term: Ex situ section: Carbonated materials definition: Processes that occur in controlled, engineered environments, such as reactors or industrial facilities, rather than in situ approaches that take place in the natural environment (e.g. enhanced rock weathering). - term: Carbonated Material section: Carbonated materials definition: The solid product resulting from mineral carbonation, containing CO2 locked in stable carbonate form (e.g., carbonated concrete or aggregate). - term: Carbonation curing section: Carbonated materials definition: A process where CO2 is introduced to concrete or cement-based materials during the curing stage, to accelerate strength development and chemically bind CO2 into the material. - term: Carbonation batch section: Carbonated materials definition: The carbonated material produced using the same input materials (alkaline feedstock and CO2) and operating conditions. It is assumed that all carbonated material from the same carbonation batch has similar characteristics. - term: Alkaline Feedstock section: Carbonated materials definition: Materials that contain metal oxides (e.g., calcium, magnesium, iron) that react with CO2 to form carbonates. - term: Biogenic CO 2 CO2 originating from biomass sources. Its carbonation leads to net carbon removals, and is eligible for removal carbon credits. Atmospheric CO 2 CO2 captured directly from the atmosphere, typically from Direct Air Capture (DAC) or ambient air. Its carbonation leads to net carbon removals, and is eligible for removal carbon credits. Fossil CO 2 CO2 originating from fossil fuels. Its carbonation leads to carbon storage, and is eligible for avoidance carbon credits. Calcination CO 2 CO2 originating from lime that is calcinated in cement production, from breaking up CaCO3 into CO2 and calcium silicates. Its carbonation leads to carbon storage, and is eligible for avoidance carbon credits. Fugitive CO 2 Emissions section: Carbonated materials definition: Unintended leaks of CO2 from equipment (e.g., reactors, pipelines, trucks). Not to be confused with the Leakage eligibility criteria. - term: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) section: Carbonated materials definition: The most common type of cement, produced by heating limestone and other materials to form clinker, which is then ground into a fine powder. - term: Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) section: Carbonated materials definition: Industrial by-products (e.g. fly ash, slag) or natural pozzolans used to partially replace OPC in concrete. They can both replace and reduce clinker-related emissions, and serve as reactive alkaline materials that bind CO2 into stable carbonates. - term: NFZ section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: Near field zone, the immediate area where rocks are weathered and where weathering products infiltrate horizontally or vertically, typically close to the spreading event. This methodology counts both CDR gain and loss from the NFZ. - term: FFZ section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: Far field zone, the area further away from the deployment where weathering products and signals disperse over time. Depending on the project this may include soil below the depth of the NFZ, groundwater, surface water in the deployment area's hydrological basin, and the ocean. In this methodology only CDR loss from the FFZ is considered. - term: Base Cations section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: Positively charged ions that are released when silicate or carbonate minerals dissolve, including but not limited to Ca^{2+} and Mg^{2+} . Base cations increase alkalinity and drive CDR when they react with CO2aq, and are critical indicators in measuring how much weathering has occurred. - term: DIC section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: Dissolved inorganic carbon, the sum of inorganic carbon species ( CO_2 , HCO_3^- , CO_3^{2-} ) in water, critical for tracking carbon sequestration. - term: Carbonate System Parameters section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: Key chemical properties that regulate carbon storage in water, including pH, alkalinity, DIC, and partial pressure of CO_2 , (p CO_2 ,). - term: Alkalinity section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: The ability of water or soil to neutralize acids, primarily driven by bicarbonate ( HCO_3^- ) and carbonate ( CO_3^{2-} ). In ERW, it is the most direct indicator that CO_2 , removal has occurred, as increased alkalinity reflects mineral weathering and atmospheric CO_2 conversion into dissolved inorganic carbon. - term: Weathering Signal/Products section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A wide array of measurable evidence that minerals have broken down (weathered), releasing chemical elements into the environment, e.g. base cations ( Ca^{2+} and Mg^{2+} ), bicarbonate ( HCO_3^- ), dissolved silica ( SiO_2 ), precipitated carbonates (e.g., CaCO_3 formation in soils or water bodies). These indicators confirm that weathering is occurring and can be used to estimate CDR. - term: Project Area section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: The sum of all spreading areas in a project where rock spreading occurs, referring directly to the spreading sites and not the associated FFZ. - term: Spreading area section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: The specific site/s where crushed rock (e.g., basalt, olivine) is applied for enhanced weathering. This area is carefully chosen based on soil properties, land use (e.g., cropland, pasture), and accessibility for long-term monitoring. One spreading area includes one treatment plot plus its associated representative control plot. - term: Control Plot section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A designated area where no rock is spread, used as a reference to compare against the treatment plot. This ensures that credited changes in soil or water chemistry are due to enhanced weathering from spread rock rather than natural weathering. The control plot defines the baseline. ERW projects are only issued removal credits for the removal that occurs beyond baseline removals. The same monitoring requirements and calculations apply to both the control and treatment plots. - term: Treatment Plot section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: The area where crushed rock is applied in order to drive CDR from enhanced weathering. This is considered the Project Scenario according to the Riverse Standard. - term: Business As Usual Control Plot section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A control plot managed according to normal agricultural or environmental practices without enhanced weathering. For example, if the study is on farmland, the BAU plot would follow conventional pH management practices such as liming, which drives CDR. This is the preferred type of control plot, but is not always practical and feasible for farmers to maintain. - term: Negative Control Plot section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A control plot that receives no BAU liming treatments. - term: Strata section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: Distinct groups of spreading areas that share relatively homogeneous characteristics affecting CDR through ERW. These are determined based on key climate and soil properties, such as soil type, pH, topographic wetness index (TWI), and temperature. - term: Stratification section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: The process of grouping spreading areas into strata based on key environmental factors that influence ERW. This process ensures that control and treatment plots are representative of the conditions under which weathering occurs, reducing variability and improving the reliability of CDR quantification, and can prove a project's eligibility for spatial extrapolation. Stratification must be completed before rock spreading and documented in the PDD. - term: Spatial Extrapolation section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: The process of extending measured results from monitored sites (original sites) to new sites (extrapolation sites) within the same stratum to reduce the density of field sampling. Project Developers may only do this after proving low variance in measured and verified CDR for a given strata. It allows Project Developers to expand deployment areas while maintaining rigorous CDR monitoring. - term: Original Sites section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A site within the project that has undergone full-density sampling, monitoring, and verification. It provides the first set of monitoring and measurements used to evaluate CDR and to validate whether new sites within the same stratum are eligible for spatial extrapolation. - term: Extrapolation Sites section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A site added under reduced monitoring requirements after validation confirms it shares key characteristics with an Original Site and falls within a low-variability stratum. At least one round of sampling is required to confirm similarity; no separate control plot is needed. - term: Spatially Integrated section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: Measurements that combine data from multiple locations (depth and lateral) to provide an overall assessment of weathering in the NFZ. - term: Temporally Integrated section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: Data collected over time to capture variability and cumulative CDR over the reporting period. - term: Charge Balanced section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A system is charge-balanced when the total positive charges (cations) equal the total negative charges (anions) in solution. In ERW, this specifically refers to base cations being charge balanced by bicarbonate ions, as opposed to other ions like sulfate or nitrate, to ensure that weathering leads to CDR rather than non-carbonic acid weathering. - term: Feedstock source section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A given site where feedstock is sourced from, with one set of GPS coordinates, name of the mine/quarry/area, and feedstock waste status. - term: Feedstock batch section: Enhanced rock weathering definition: A given amount of feedstock that comes from the same feedstock source, in the same mining/extraction round (within 72 hours). It is assumed that all feedstock in the same batch has the same characteristics, and samples and measurements only need to be taken once per feedstock batch. - term: Embodied Transport Emissions section: Transport module definition: GHG emissions associated with the production, maintenance, and operation of transportation infrastructure and vehicles across all modes of transport (e.g., road, sea). - term: GVW section: Transport module definition: Gross Vehicle Weight is the total weight of a vehicle, including its own weight plus the weight of any cargo - term: Loading rate section: Transport module definition: Ratio of actual load to the full load or capacity (e.g. mass or volume) that a vehicle carries per trip. - term: Segment section: Transport module definition: Part of the transportation process involving the movement of inputs or products between point A and point B within the project boundary. - term: Transport segment section: Transport module definition: One shipment of a fixed amount of material from a known location A to a known location B. It represents a one-way trip. - term: Transport Unit section: Transport module definition: A general term used to describe any vehicle, vessel, or mode of transportation used to move goods or passengers from one location to another. In this module version, this includes trucks, ships and pipeline. - term: Transport type/ mode of transport section: Transport module definition: Type of transport. E.g. by land (truck, rail, pipe), by water (boat, ferry), by air (airplane). This module's first version focuses on road and sea transport type. - term: Certificate of compliance section: CRCF definition: A certificate issued by an accredited VVB upon successful project verification audits, confirming the project's compliance with Regulation (EU) 2024/3012 and conforming to the requirements set out in that Regulation. - term: Terminated certificate section: CRCF definition: A certificate of compliance that has been voluntarily cancelled while it is still valid. - term: Withdrawn certificate section: CRCF definition: A certificate of compliance that has been permanently cancelled by the VVB or Rainbow. - term: Expired certificate section: CRCF definition: A certificate of compliance that is no longer valid. - term: Group auditing section: CRCF definition: An auditing process where the approach to auditing activities can be defined at group level - term: Certification period section: CRCF definition: A monitoring period, as defined under the Rainbow Standard General Glossary x-evidence: - url: https://docs.rainbowstandard.io/glossary.md status: 200 bytes: 65851 - url: https://docs.rainbowstandard.io/accronyms.md status: 200 bytes: 1529 note: Published but empty — no acronyms listed.