name: Subex
description: >-
  Vocabulary of key terms, concepts, and domain objects used across Subex's telecom revenue
  assurance and fraud management platform (ROC - Revenue Operations Center). Covers telecom
  billing, CDR reconciliation, fraud detection, and analytics domains.
version: "1.0"
created: "2026-05-02"
modified: "2026-05-02"
tags:
  - Telecom
  - Revenue Assurance
  - Fraud Management
  - Analytics
  - CDR

terms:
  - term: ROC (Revenue Operations Center)
    definition: >-
      Subex's flagship platform for telecom revenue assurance and fraud management. ROC ingests
      network CDRs, billing data, and other sources to detect revenue leakage, fraud patterns,
      and data quality issues across the telecom value chain.
    category: Platform
    tags:
      - Platform
      - Revenue Assurance
      - Fraud Management

  - term: Revenue Leakage
    definition: >-
      Any situation where a telecom operator fails to collect revenue they are entitled to.
      Caused by billing errors, provisioning mismatches, unbilled usage, tariff errors,
      roaming leakage, or interconnect billing discrepancies.
    category: Domain Concept
    tags:
      - Revenue Assurance
      - Finance

  - term: CDR (Call Detail Record)
    definition: >-
      A data record generated for each telecommunications event (call, SMS, data session).
      Contains details such as source/destination numbers, timestamps, duration, volume,
      and network elements used. Primary input for billing and reconciliation.
    category: Technical Concept
    tags:
      - CDR
      - Network
      - Billing

  - term: Reconciliation
    definition: >-
      The process of comparing CDR records across multiple network elements or between
      network and billing systems to identify discrepancies. Match rates indicate data integrity.
    category: Process
    tags:
      - Reconciliation
      - CDR
      - Data Quality

  - term: MSISDN
    definition: >-
      Mobile Station Integrated Services Digital Network number. The complete phone number
      of a subscriber including country code (e.g., 14155552671). Used as the primary
      subscriber identifier in telecom systems.
    category: Technical Concept
    tags:
      - Subscriber
      - Identity

  - term: IMSI
    definition: >-
      International Mobile Subscriber Identity. A unique 15-digit number stored on the SIM
      card that identifies a subscriber in a mobile network. Used to detect SIM swap fraud.
    category: Technical Concept
    tags:
      - Subscriber
      - Identity
      - Security

  - term: IRSF (International Revenue Share Fraud)
    definition: >-
      Fraud scheme where criminals generate large volumes of calls to premium international
      numbers in which they share revenue. Often targets unmonitored PBX systems.
      One of the highest-value fraud types in telecom.
    category: Fraud Type
    tags:
      - Fraud
      - International

  - term: SIM Swap Fraud
    definition: >-
      Fraud where an attacker convinces a carrier to transfer a victim's phone number to
      a SIM they control. Used to bypass SMS-based two-factor authentication.
    category: Fraud Type
    tags:
      - Fraud
      - Identity Theft

  - term: Bypass Fraud
    definition: >-
      Traffic routing fraud where calls are passed through unofficial channels to avoid
      interconnect fees. Includes SIM boxing (using multiple SIM cards to downgrade
      international calls to local calls).
    category: Fraud Type
    tags:
      - Fraud
      - Interconnect

  - term: Wangiri Fraud
    definition: >-
      "One ring and cut" fraud. Automated calls ring once then hang up, enticing victims
      to call back premium-rate numbers. Named from Japanese for "one ring cut."
    category: Fraud Type
    tags:
      - Fraud
      - Premium Rate

  - term: Roaming Leakage
    definition: >-
      Revenue lost from improper billing of roaming services. Occurs when a subscriber
      uses services on a visited network and the home network fails to collect or properly
      settle the charges.
    category: Leakage Type
    tags:
      - Revenue Assurance
      - Roaming

  - term: Risk Score
    definition: >-
      A numerical score (0-100) assigned to a subscriber indicating their probability
      of involvement in fraudulent activity. Calculated from behavioral patterns, network
      anomalies, and historical fraud indicators.
    category: Analytical Concept
    tags:
      - Fraud Detection
      - Machine Learning

  - term: Match Rate
    definition: >-
      Percentage of CDR records that successfully matched during a reconciliation run.
      A match rate below 100% indicates potential revenue leakage or data quality issues.
    category: Metric
    tags:
      - Reconciliation
      - KPI

  - term: Interconnect Billing
    definition: >-
      Settlement between telecom operators for traffic carried across each other's networks.
      Errors in interconnect billing are a significant source of revenue leakage for operators.
    category: Billing Concept
    tags:
      - Interconnect
      - Billing
      - Revenue Assurance

  - term: Voice/Data/Roaming Services
    definition: >-
      The primary telecom service types monitored by Subex ROC. Each has distinct billing
      models, CDR formats, and leakage risk profiles.
    category: Service Types
    tags:
      - Services
      - Network